Wikipedia gpewiki https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1383 116354 87402 2026-11-07T19:37:42Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q929}} De '''Central African Republic''' ('''CAR'''), formerly dem know as '''Ubangi-Shari''', be landlocked country wey dey Central Africa. Edey border by [[Chad]] to de north, [[Sudan]] to de northeast, [[South Sudan]] to de east, de [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] to de south, de [[Republic of the Congo]] to de southwest, den [[Cameroon]] to de west. Bangui be de country ein capital den largest city, for de border of de Democratic Republic of the Congo. De Central African Republic dey cover land area of about 620,000 square kilometres (240,000 sq mi). As of 2021, eget estimated population of around 5.5 million. As of 2024, de Central African Republic be de scene of civil war, wey na edey go on since 2012.<ref>Mudge, Lewis (11 December 2018). [https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/central-african-republic "Central African Republic: Events of 2018"]. ''World Report 2019: Rights Trends in Central African Republic''. Retrieved 9 May 2019.</ref> Chaw of de Central African Republic dey consist of Sudano-Guinean savannas, buh de country sanso dey include Sahelo-Sudanian zone insyd de north den equatorial forest zone insyd de south. Two-thirds of de country dey within de Ubangi River basin (wey dey flow into de Congo), while de third wey dey remain dey lie insyd de basin of de Chari, wey dey flow into Lake Chad. Despite ein significant mineral deposits den oda resources, such as uranium reserves, crude oil, gold, diamonds, cobalt, lumber, den hydropower,<ref name="CIA">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ct.html "Central African Republic"], ''The World Factbook'', Central Intelligence Agency, 1 February 2024, retrieved 10 February 2024</ref> as well as significant quantities of arable land, de Central African Republic dey mong de ten poorest countries insyd de world, plus de lowest GDP per capita for purchasing power parity insyd de world as of 2017.<ref name="IMF 2017">[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= World Economic Outlook Database, January 2018], [https://web.archive.org/web/20180503062812/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=55&pr1.y=9&c=512,946,914,137,612,546,614,962,311,674,213,676,911,548,193,556,122,678,912,181,313,867,419,682,513,684,316,273,913,868,124,921,339,948,638,943,514,686,218,688,963,518,616,728,223,836,516,558,918,138,748,196,618,278,624,692,522,694,622,142,156,449,626,564,628,565,228,283,924,853,233,288,632,293,636,566,634,964,238,182,662,359,960,453,423,968,935,922,128,714,611,862,321,135,243,716,248,456,469,722,253,942,642,718,643,724,939,576,644,936,819,961,172,813,132,726,646,199,648,733,915,184,134,524,652,361,174,362,328,364,258,732,656,366,654,734,336,144,263,146,268,463,532,528,944,923,176,738,534,578,536,537,429,742,433,866,178,369,436,744,136,186,343,925,158,869,439,746,916,926,664,466,826,112,542,111,967,298,443,927,917,846,544,299,941,582,446,474,666,754,668,698,672&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= Archived], [http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=28 International Monetary Fund] . [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20060214005019/http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=28 Archived], Database updated on 12 April 2017. Accessed on 21 April 2017.</ref> As of 2021, according to de Human Development Index (HDI), de country get de fourth-lowest level of human development, dey rank 188 out of 191 countries. De country get de lowest inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), dey rank 156th out of 156 countries.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180915042654/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdi_table.pdf "Human Development Index and its components"] (PDF). Archived from [http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdi_table.pdf the original] (PDF) on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2018.</ref> Dem sanso estimate de Central African Republic as de unhealthiest country<ref>[https://tribune.com.pk/story/1188069/worlds-unhealthiest-countries/ "These are the world's unhealthiest countries – The Express Tribune"]. ''The Express Tribune''. 25 September 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170801171519/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1188069/worlds-unhealthiest-countries/ Archived] from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.</ref> as well as de worst country insyd for wich you be young.<ref>Foundation, Thomson Reuters. [http://news.trust.org/item/20161020230325-xtrrw/ "Central African Republic worst country in the world for young people – study"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170805184326/http://news.trust.org/item/20161020230325-xtrrw Archived] from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</ref> De Central African Republic be member of de United Nations, de [[African Union]], de Economic Community of Central African States, de Organisation internationale de la Francophonie den de Non-Aligned Movement. == Etymology == Dem derive de name of de Central African Republic from de country ein geographical location insyd de central region of Africa den ein republican form of government. From 1976 cam 1979, na dem know de country as de Central African Empire. During de colonial era, na de country ein name be Ubangi-Shari (French: ''Oubangui-Chari''), name dem derive from two major rivers den Central African waterways – Ubangi den Chari. Barthélemy Boganda, de country ein first prime minister, favor de name "Central African Republic" ova Ubangi-Shari, reportedly secof he envision larger union of countries insyd Central Africa.<ref>Palmer, Brian (9 March 2012). [https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2012/03/joseph-kony-video-why-does-central-african-republic-have-such-a-boring-name.html "Why Does the Central African Republic Have Such a Boring Name?"]. ''Slate''.</ref> == Demographics == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="10" |Largest cities anaa towns insyd Central African Republic According to de 2003 Census<ref>[http://citypopulation.de/Centralafrica.html "Central African Republic"]. ''City Population''.</ref> |- ! !Rank !Name !Prefecture !Pop. !Rank !Name !Prefecture !Pop. |- | rowspan="11" | |1 |Bangui |Bangui |622,771 |11 |Kaga-Bandoro |Nana-Grébizi |24,661 |- |2 |Bimbo |Ombella-M'Poko |124,176 |12 |Sibut |Kémo |22,419 |- |3 |Berbérati |Mambéré-Kadéï |76,918 |13 |Mbaïki |Lobaye |22,166 |- |4 |Carnot |Mambéré-Kadéï |45,421 |14 |Bozoum |Ouham-Pendé |20,665 |- |5 |Bambari |Ouaka |41,356 |15 |Paoua |Ouham-Pendé |17,370 |- |6 |Bouar |Nana-Mambéré |40,353 |16 |Batangafo |Ouham |16,420 |- |7 |Bossangoa |Ouham |36,478 |17 |Kabo |Ouham |16,279 |- |8 |Bria |Haute-Kotto |35,204 |18 |Bocaranga |Ouham-Pendé |15,744 |- |9 |Bangassou |Mbomou |31,553 |19 |Ippy |Ouaka |15,196 |- |10 |Nola |Sangha-Mbaéré |29,181 |20 |Alindao |Basse-Kotto |14,401 |} === Languages === De Central African Republic ein two official languages be French den Sango (sanso dem spell am as Sangho),<ref>[https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Central_African_Republic_2016?lang=en "Central African Republic 2016 Constitution"]. ''Constitute''. Retrieved 20 May 2021.</ref> creole dem develope as inter-ethnic lingua franca base for de local Ngbandi language top. De Central African Republic be one of de few African countries make dem grant official status to African language. == References == <references /> == Sources == * Eur (31 October 2002). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=1KBP7QbalX0C&pg=PA185 Africa South of the Sahara 2003]''. Taylor & Francis. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-131-5|978-1-85743-131-5]]</bdi>. * Kalck, Pierre (2004). ''Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic''. * McKenna, Amy (2011). ''[[iarchive:historyofcentral0000unse_p8v3|The History of Central and Eastern Africa]]''. The Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1615303229|978-1615303229]]</bdi>. * Balogh, Besenyo, Miletics, Vogel: [https://www.academia.edu/24965665/La_R%C3%A9publique_Centrafricaine La République Centrafricaine] == You fi read further == * Doeden, Matt, ''Central African Republic in Pictures'' (Twentyfirst Century Books, 2009). * Petringa, Maria, ''Brazza, A Life for Africa'' (2006). ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4259-1198-0|978-1-4259-1198-0]]. * Titley, Brian, ''Dark Age: The Political Odyssey of Emperor Bokassa'', 2002. * Woodfrok, Jacqueline, ''Culture and Customs of the Central African Republic'' (Greenwood Press, 2006). == External links == === Overviews === * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1067518.stm Country Profile] from [[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ct.html Central African Republic]. ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]''. [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080727023147/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/car.htm Central African Republic] from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=CF Key Development Forecasts for the Central African Republic] from [[:en:International_Futures|International Futures]] === News === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140207055914/http://allafrica.com/centralafricanrepublic/ Central African Republic news headline links] from [[:en:AllAfrica.com|AllAfrica.com]] === Oda === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090122192217/http://hdptcar.net/ Central African Republic] at ''Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team (HDPT)'' * Johann Hari in Birao, Central African Republic. [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/inside-frances-secret-war-396062.html "Inside France's Secret War"] from ''[[:en:The_Independent|The Independent]]'', 5 October 2007 [[Category:Central African Republic]] [[Category:French-speaking countries den territories]] [[Category:Landlocked countries]] [[Category:Least developed countries]] [[Category:Member states of de Organisation internationale de la Francophonie]] [[Category:Member states of de African Union]] [[Category:Member states of de United Nations]] [[Category:Republics]] [[Category:States den territories dem establish insyd 1960]] [[Category:Central African countries]] [[Category:1960 establishments insyd de Central African Republic]] [[Category:Countries for Africa insyd]] [[Category:Observer states of de Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (−) (±)]] lfupunbqeby8ro9eezyo8g0r526p6my 0 1829 116402 113281 2026-11-08T06:48:16Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Nigerian Armed Forces''' ('''NAF''') be de combined military forces give Nigeria. Edey consist of three uniformed service branches: de Nigerian Army, Nigerian Navy, den Nigerian Air Force. De President of Nigeria dey function as de commander-in-chief give de armed forces, wey dey exercise ein constitutional authority thru de Ministry of Defence, wey be responsible for de management of de military den ein personnel. De operational head of de AFN be de Chief of Defence Staff, wey be subordinate to de Nigerian Defence Minister. Plus a force of more dan 230,000 active personnel, de Nigerian military be one of de largest uniformed combat services insyd [[Africa]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Armed forces personnel, total – Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.TOTL.P1?locations=NG&name_desc=false |access-date=24 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106224241/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.TOTL.P1?locations=NG&name_desc=false |archive-date=6 January 2024}}</ref> According to Global Firepower, de Nigerian Armed Forces be de fourth-most powerful military insyd [[Africa]], wey dem rank 35th for ein list, internationally.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.php?country_id=nigeria |title=Nigeria Military Strength |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref> == Nigerian military operations abroad == Insyd October 2004, de Nigerian troops dem deploy to Darfur, [[Sudan]], make dem spearhead an [[African Union]] force, make dem stop de genocide insyd Darfur.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ebegbulem |first=Joseph C |date=1 July 2011 |title=Nigeria and conflict resolution in Africa: The Darfur experience |journal=Civilizar |volume=11 |issue=21 |pages=69 |doi=10.22518/16578953.34 |issn=1657-8953 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Nigeria contribute more dan 20,000 troops/police go various UN missions since 1960. De Nigerian Police Force den troops participate insyd: * UNIPOM – India den Pakistan, 1965<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNITED NATIONS INDIA-PAKISTAN OBSERVATION MISSION (UNIPOM) – Facts and Figures|url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/unipomfacts.html|access-date=5 March 2020|website=peacekeeping.un.org}}</ref> * UNIFIL – Lebanon, 1978<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 March 2016|title=UNIFIL Troop-Contributing Countries|url=https://unifil.unmissions.org/unifil-troop-contributing-countries|access-date=5 March 2020|website=UNIFIL|language=en}}</ref> * UNIIMOG – Iran den Iraq, 1988<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNITED NATIONS IRAN-IRAQ MILITARY OBSERVER GROUP (UNIIMOG) – Background (Full text)|url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/uniimogbackgr.html|access-date=5 March 2020|website=peacekeeping.un.org}}</ref> * UNPROFOR – Former Yugoslavia, 1998<ref>[https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/unprof_b.htm "Former Yugoslavia: UNPROFOR"]. ''Department of Public Information, United Nations''. 31 August 1996.</ref> * UNMISET – East Timor, 1999<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNMISET: United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor – Facts and Figures|url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/unmiset/facts.html|access-date=5 March 2020|website=peacekeeping.un.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525003627/https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/unmiset/facts.html|archive-date=25 May 2021}}</ref> * MONUC – [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], 2004<ref>{{Cite web|title=MONUC Facts and Figures – United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/monuc/facts.shtml|access-date=5 March 2020|website=peacekeeping.un.org}}</ref> Nigerian officers serve as Chiefs of Defence insyd oda countries, plus Brigadier General Maxwell Khobe, wey dey serve as [[Sierra Leone]] Chief of Staff insyd 1998–1999,<ref>{{cite web|title=BARRACKS|url=http://www.dawodu.com/barrack7.htm|access-date=24 January 2017}}</ref> den Nigerian officers dey act as Command Officer-in-Charge of de Armed Forces of Liberia from at least, 2007. == References == <references /> == Read further == {{Commons}} * Idang, Gordon J. "The Politics of Nigerian Foreign Policy: The Ratification and Renunciation of the Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement." African Studies Review 13, no. 2 (1970): 227–251. * Robin Luckham, The Nigerian military; a sociological analysis of authority & revolt 1960–67, Cambridge [Eng.] University Press, 1971. * N.J. Miners, ‘The Nigerian Army 1956–66,’ Methuen and Co. Ltd, London, 1971 * Jimi Peters, 'The Nigerian Military and the State,' 1997, {{ISBN|1-85043-874-9}} * Nigerian Army Education Corps and School, [[openlibrary:books/OL1474957M/History_of_the_Nigerian_Army_1863-1992|History of the Nigerian Army 1863–1992]], Abuja, 1992 == External links == * [http://defenceinfo.mil.ng/profile-of-the-chief-of-defence-staff/ Nigerian Defence Staff] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201204041558/https://army.mil.ng/ Nigerian Army] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220119092410/https://www.navy.mil.ng/ Nigerian Navy] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220523145648/https://airforce.mil.ng/ Nigerian Air Force] [[Category:Nigeria]] [[Category:Military of Nigeria]] 5zl53qxtpbvi3zca2hwhmpk26njre1j 0 1910 116437 115420 2026-11-08T08:09:06Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sally Esinam Torpey''' be Ghanaian fashion designer den entrepreneur. She sanso be de treasurer give de Greater Accra Chapter of de Association of Ghana Industries (AGI) den de Ambassador from Africa for de Fashion Business Association of America.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ogbodu|first=Michael Overflow|date=2021-08-26|title=Capacity, quality concerns in fashion industry must be addressed – International fashion designer|url=https://citibusinessnews.com/2021/08/capacity-quality-concerns-in-fashion-industry-must-be-addressed-international-fashion-designer/|access-date=2021-11-21|website=Citi Business News|language=en-US}}</ref> She trade plus missions worldwide wey dey include [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]] den Japan. She be KYEN (Kufuor Young Entrepreneurs) member.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sally Torpey|url=https://agiaccra.org/sally-torpey/|access-date=2021-02-14|website=AGI Accra|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809113707/https://agiaccra.org/sally-torpey/|archive-date=2021-08-09}}</ref> She be de owner give Sallet Fashion House Ghana; de Sallet Foundation; den de brands Oheema, De Travelers Custom Made Clothing (TCMC), den JAK Gentle Giant Collection.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Ofori|first=Oral|date=2018-06-30|title=Meet Sally Esinam Torpey, CEO & Creative Director at Sallet Fashion House of Ghana|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/sally-esinam-torpey-sallet-fashion-house/|access-date=2021-02-14|website=TheAfricanDream|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Amenyanyo|first=Gerrard-Israel|date=2019-10-10|title=Ghanaian Fashion Designer, Sally Torpey Changing The African Narrative Through Fashion.|url=https://www.gbafrica.net/ghanaian-fashion-designer-sally-torpey-changing-the-african-narrative-through-fashion/|access-date=2021-02-14|website=GBAfrica|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809113706/https://gbafrica.net/ghanaian-fashion-designer-sally-torpey-changing-the-african-narrative-through-fashion/|archive-date=2021-08-09}}</ref> She be international speaker wey get interests for fashion, business, women empowerment, den personal development insyd. Dem feature am for publications den magazines like de Afrikan Post, Washington DC newspaper, Ghana web, Caribbean magazines, De CCWC den Creative Magazine of Miami. She be case study give Growth Cap UK den odas.<ref name=":2" /> She be de African presence for de Centre for International Trade Development for de Miami World Trade Centre, wer she dey promote products from de continent.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=GNA|date=2023-04-17|title=Sally Torpey named one of the 100 Most Influential Leaders in Africa|url=https://gna.org.gh/2023/04/sally-torpey-named-one-of-the-100-most-influential-leaders-in-africa/|access-date=2024-01-12|website=Ghana News Agency|language=en-US}}</ref> == Awards den recognition == Insyd April 2023 she earn a place among de 100 Most Infuential Leaders insyd [[Africa]] for de year 2022.<ref name=":3" /> == References == {{DEFAULTSORT:Torpey, Sally}} [[Category:Human]] [[Category:1984 births]] [[Category:Ghanaians]] [[Category:Ghanaian fashion designers]] [[Category:Ghanaian women fashion designers]] [[Category:Ghanaian businesspeople insyd fashion]] [[Category:People wey komot Accra]] 2mejtx8wscocozzku142b9b1hbdba8s 0 1947 116371 115174 2026-11-07T22:17:32Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Simon Osei-Mensah''' (born 27 May 1961) be a [[Ghanaian]] politician, a member of de 6th Parliament den 4th Republic of Ghana, den a member of de [[New Patriotic Party]] insyd [[Ghana]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| last = Adogla-Bessa| first = Delali| title = List of Nana Addo's 10 Regional Minister-nominees| work = Ghana News| access-date = 25 January 2017| date = 24 January 2017| url = http://citifmonline.com/2017/01/24/list-of-nana-addos-10-regional-minister-nominees/| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170126070903/http://citifmonline.com/2017/01/24/list-of-nana-addos-10-regional-minister-nominees/| archive-date = 26 January 2017}}<br>- {{Cite web|title=Go to court if you're unhappy with dismissal - Minister to Opare-Addo|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/go-to-court-if-you-re-unhappy-with-dismissal-minister-to-opare-addo.html?template=graphictv&is_preview=on|access-date=2021-05-20|website=Graphic Online}}</ref> Na [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Presido Nana Addo Danquah Akuffo-Addo]] insyd January 2017.<ref>{{Cite web| last = Adogla-Bessa| first = Delali| title = Parliament approves Nana Addo's regional minister nominees| work = Ghana News| access-date = 23 February 2017| date = 18 February 2017| url = http://citifmonline.com/2017/02/18/parliament-approves-nana-addos-regional-minister-nominees/| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161805/http://citifmonline.com/2017/02/18/parliament-approves-nana-addos-regional-minister-nominees/| archive-date = 30 June 2018}}</ref> == Early life den education == Na dem born Osei-Mensah for 27 May 1961.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=Welcome|url=http://ghanamps.com/home/|access-date=2020-07-08|website=Ghana Members of Parliament|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630032143/http://ghanamps.com/home/|archive-date=2020-06-30}}</ref> He be from de town of Jachie insyd de [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti region]]. He obtain a Master of Science degree insyd economics from de University of National and World Economy insyd Sofia, Bulgaria, insyd 1991. He sanso get a Certificate insyd Banking from de Institute of Business insyd Odense, Denmark, he acquire insyd 1998.<ref name="GA1">{{Cite web|date=2016-04-25|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Osei-Mensah, Simon|url=http://ghanamps.gov.gh/mps/details.php?id=203|access-date=2020-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425011335/http://ghanamps.gov.gh/mps/details.php?id=203|archive-date=25 April 2016}}</ref> == Career == Osei-Mensah be an economist den banker.<ref name=":02" /> He work as an operations manager for Kuapa Kokoo Credit Union before he aspire to political office.<ref name="GA1" /> == Political career == Osei-Mensah be a member of de New Patriotic Party.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":34">{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2004 Results - Adansi Asokwa Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/ashanti/236/index.php|access-date=2020-08-02|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104113444/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/ashanti/236/index.php|archive-date=2023-01-04}} - {{Cite book|title=Elections 2004; Ghana's Parliamentary and Presidential Elections|publisher=Electoral Commission of Ghana; Friedrich Ebert Stiftung|year=2005|location=Accra|pages=122}}</ref><ref name=":56">{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2008 Results - Adansi Asokwa Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/ashanti/236/index.php|access-date=2020-08-02|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104113447/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/ashanti/236/index.php|archive-date=2023-01-04}}- {{Cite book|title=Ghana Elections 2008|publisher=Friedrich Ebert Stiftung|year=2010|location=Ghana|pages=61}}</ref> He cam turn a member of parliament from January 2005 after he emerge winner insyd de General Election insyd December 2004.<ref name=":34" /> He run for a second den third term wey he win. Na he be de MP for Bosomtwe constituency.<ref name="GA1" /><ref name=":34" /><ref name=":56" /><ref name=":78">{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2012 Results - Bosomtwe Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/ashanti/18/index.php|access-date=2020-08-02|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023021009/http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/ashanti/18/index.php|archive-date=2019-10-23}}- {{Cite book|title=Election 2012|publisher=Friedrich Ebert Stiftung|year=2012|location=Ghana|pages=130}}</ref> Na dem elect am as de member of parliament for dis constituency insyd de fourth, fifth den sixth parliaments of de fourth Republic of Ghana.<ref name=":34" /><ref name=":56" /><ref name=":78" /> Insyd February 2020, after ein party cam back into office, na dem appoint am by [[President of Ghana|President]] Nana Akuffo-Addo as de Ashanti regional minister.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-18|title=Parliament approves Nana Addo's regional minister nominees|url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/02/parliament-approves-nana-addos-regional-minister-nominees/|access-date=2020-07-08|website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181947/https://citifmonline.com/2017/02/parliament-approves-nana-addos-regional-minister-nominees/|archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> == Ein life matter == Osei-Mensah be a Catholic Christian. He marry plus five kiddies.<ref name=":0" /> == References == {{DEFAULTSORT:Osei-Mensah, Simon}} [[Category:1961 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Ghanaians]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 2005–2009]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 2009–2013]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 2013–2017]] [[Category:New Patriotic Party politicians]] [[Category:University of National and World Economy alumni]] [[Category:Politicians wey komot Ashanti Region]] [[Category:Ghanaian Roman Catholics]] <references /> [[Category:21st-century Ghanaian politicians]] [[Category:Ghanaian politicians]] 5jqwvrcnejfa0jldcg7i2b9z5mynoy8 0 2627 115996 113677 2026-11-07T15:13:47Z Richyella 7184 115996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wesley Girls' High School''' ('''WGHS''') be an educational institution give girlies insyd [[Cape Coast]] insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=We've made progress in Wesley Girls' school impasse— Peace Council|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/we-ve-made-progress-in-wesley-girls-school-impasse-peace-council.html|access-date=2021-05-20|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Na dem found am insyd 1836 by Harriet Wrigley, de wifey of a Methodist minister.<ref name="Adjei2007">{{cite book|author=Abyna-Ansaa Adjei|title=Ghana at 50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTcuAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=National Planning Committee, Ghana at 50|isbn=978-9988-0-9707-3|page=95}}</ref> Na dem name de school after de founder of Methodism, John Wesley. == History == For '''15 September 1836''', '''Harriet Wrigley''' reach '''Cape Coast''' together with ein husband, '''Reverend George Wrigley''', wey be the second Methodist missionary dem send come [[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]]. <ref>{{Citation |last=Micots |first=Courtnay |title=Gold Coast Italianate, Kwamin Atta Amonoo's Mansion on the Hill |date=2026-03-18 |work=African Mansions on the Gold Coast |pages=77–94 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003463603-4 |access-date=2026-11-07 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-46360-3}}</ref>As she land, she start the school with '''25 girls'''. She dey teach the girls catechism (Christian teachings), reading, writing, sewing, plus how dem go take manage house well. Dem dey hold the classes for the Manse inside Standfast Hall near Victoria Park for [[Cape Coast]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Girls Senior High, Cape Coast — History {{!}} SchoolsInGH |url=https://schoolsingh.com/schools/shs/wesley-girls-senior-high-cape-coast/history |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=schoolsingh.com |language=en}}</ref>Only '''5 months''' after she come, on '''8 February 1837''', Harriet Wrigley die from '''malaria'''. Later that same year, another woman called '''Elizabeth Waldron''' come take over as head of the school. She lead the school for '''43 years''' and build the strong foundation wey later make the school grow become '''The Wesleyan Girls' School and Training Home'''. By '''1884''', the school don get strong name because of ein good academic performance. Because of this, the '''Methodist Church''' decide say dem go add a secondary school section to Wesley Girls'. As a result, the then headmaster of '''Mfantsipim School''', '''Reverend W. M. Canell''', establish the secondary section with '''20 girls'''.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Both the primary and secondary sections face some periods of closure because money no dey. For some time, dem join the secondary section with Mfantsipim School and call am '''Collegiate School'''. Later, for '''1900''', the secondary section separate again and become independent on ein own.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> ==Notable alumni == * Rosina Acheampong, educationist, first female deputy director general of de GES, first Ghanaian headmistress of Wesley Girls High School * [[Jemila Abdulai]], blogger, writer den digital marketer * Barbara Frances Ackah-Yensu, justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * [[Rosamond Asiamah Nkansah]], 1st police woman insyd Ghana * [[Betty Acquah]], feminist painter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mtls.ca/issue17/art/|title=Art: Betty Acquah {{!}} Maple Tree Literary Supplement -issue17|website=www.mtls.ca|access-date=1 January 2025|date=2014}}</ref> * Adina, musician * [[Sophia Ophilia Adjeibea Adinyira]], justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2006 &ndash; 2019) *Dedo Difie Agyarko-Kusi, Ghana Ambassador to South Korea (2017–2021)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=9 November 2012|title=NPP Candidate Sure Of Winning Lower Manya Krobo Seat|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Peace FM Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204022444/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2 August 2017|title=President Akufo-Addo Swears In 4 Ambassadors, 1 High Commissioner|url=https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Presidency of Ghana|publisher=Communications Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204085543/https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref> * Agnes Aggrey-Orleans, Ghanaian diplomat * [[Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings]], member of parliament for Klottey Korle Constituency * [[Mabel Agyemang]], Chief Justice of de Turks and Caicos Islands,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Governor Dakin announces new judicial appointments|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/governor-dakin-announces-new-judicial-appointments|access-date=2021-01-09|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref> first female Chief Justice of [[The Gambia]] (2013–2014) * [[Ama Ata Aidoo]], award-winning author, academic, former Minister of Education * [[Sophia Akuffo]], 13th Chief Justice of Ghana * Patience Akyianu, banker; formerly managing director of Barclays Bank Ghana den currently CEO<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Akyianu |website=Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/power-ladies/patience-akyianu/ |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref> * Akosua Addai Amoo, sports journalist * Grace Amponsah-Ababio, retired diplomat * Abena Osei Asare, member of parliament for Atiwa East * [[Gladys Asmah]], former Minister of Fisheries * [[Becca (Ghanaian singer)|Becca]], musician * [[Sylvia Boye]], former Chief Executive den first female Registrar of West Africa Examinations Council * [[Mary Chinery-Hesse]], former civil servant den first female director of International Labor Organization, United Nations * [[Melody Millicent Danquah]], first female pilot insyd [[Africa]] * Mercy Yvonne Debrah-Karikari, first female to be Secretary to de Cabinet * [[Rita Akosua Dickson]], Vice Chancellor of [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] * Florence Dolphyne, first female Professor den first female Pro-vice Chancellor, [[University of Ghana]], Legon * Efua Dorkenoo, activist * Brigitte Dzogbenuku, Presidential candidate (2020) & Vice Presidential candidate (2016) for de Progressive People's Party * Constance Edjeani-Afenu, first female brigadier general of de Ghana Armed Forces, Deputy Military Adviser to Ghana ein permanent Mission insyd New York * Mary Grant, Ghana ein first female council of state member; first alumna to be a medical doctor * [[Afua Adwo Jectey Hesse]], chief executive officer of de Korle Bu Teaching Hospital * [[Avril Lovelace-Johnson]], Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Jennifer Koranteng, model den fashion designer * [[Angela Kyerematen-Jimoh]], business leader den Microsoft ein Financial Strategic Partnership Lead for Africa * Eva Lokko, engineer den former managing director of de Ghana Broadcasting Corporation * Alima Mahama, lawyer den former Minister for de affairs of women den kiddies insyd Ghana * [[Takyiwaa Manuh|Takyiwa Manuh]], Ghanaian academic den author * [[Joy Henrietta Mensa-Bonsu]], a law professor den Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Akosua Manu, deputy CEO of National Youth Authority * Joyce Bawah Mogtari, Lawyer den Former Deputy Minister of Transport<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Mahama Picks Joyce Bawa Mogtari As His Special Aide|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027061244/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|archive-date=2020-10-27}}</ref> * [[Emma Morrison]], television personality den media professional<ref>{{cite web|title=Emma on the ball|url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1139/emma-on-the-ball.html|website=Modern Ghana |access-date=1 January 2025|date=16 October 2009}}</ref> * Victoria Nyarko, Ghanaian politician, member of parliament insyd de first republic * [[Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang]], first female Vice-Chancellor of a state University insyd Ghana, First female Vice-Pee of Ghana * Rose Constance Owusu, former justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2008 &ndash; 2014) * [[Deborah Owusu-Bonsu]], musician, television presenter den model * [[Martha Ama Akyaa Pobee|Martha Akyaa Pobee]], Diplomat, Permanent Member to de United Nations, * [[Lucy Quist]], first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn CEO of a multinational telecommunications company insyd Ghana * [[Mabel Simpson]], fashion designer * [[Hanna Tetteh]], former Minister for Trade and Industry den former Minister for Foreign Affairs<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hannah Tetteh, Foreign Affairs Minister |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=1169# |access-date=1 January 2025|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> * [[Gertrude Torkornoo]], 15th Chief Justice of Ghana * Yvonne Tsikata, international economist den first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn vice pee for de World Bank * Julia Osei Tutu, wifey of Asantehene, Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II * [[Georgina Theodora Wood]], former police prosecution officer, first female Chief Justice of Ghana *Nana Oye Mansa Yeboaa, first female deputy Governor of de [[Bank of Ghana]], den former Ghanaian diplomat * Vida Yeboah, minister of state insyd de [[Rawlings government]], former Headmistress of Mfanstiman Girls' Secondary School == References == <references /> ==External links== {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Cape Coast]] [[Category:Girls' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1836]] [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:1836 establishments insyd de British Empire]] [[Category:Education insyd de Central Region (Ghana)]] [[Category:Methodist schools insyd Ghana]] tubrnkrwt60i297137ycnfjxifl3i7e 115999 115996 2026-11-07T15:15:52Z Richyella 7184 /* History */ 115999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wesley Girls' High School''' ('''WGHS''') be an educational institution give girlies insyd [[Cape Coast]] insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=We've made progress in Wesley Girls' school impasse— Peace Council|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/we-ve-made-progress-in-wesley-girls-school-impasse-peace-council.html|access-date=2021-05-20|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Na dem found am insyd 1836 by Harriet Wrigley, de wifey of a Methodist minister.<ref name="Adjei2007">{{cite book|author=Abyna-Ansaa Adjei|title=Ghana at 50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTcuAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=National Planning Committee, Ghana at 50|isbn=978-9988-0-9707-3|page=95}}</ref> Na dem name de school after de founder of Methodism, John Wesley. == History == <big>'''Founding Years'''</big> For '''15 September 1836''', '''Harriet Wrigley''' reach '''Cape Coast''' together with ein husband, '''Reverend George Wrigley''', wey be the second Methodist missionary dem send come [[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]]. <ref>{{Citation |last=Micots |first=Courtnay |title=Gold Coast Italianate, Kwamin Atta Amonoo's Mansion on the Hill |date=2026-03-18 |work=African Mansions on the Gold Coast |pages=77–94 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003463603-4 |access-date=2026-11-07 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-46360-3}}</ref>As she land, she start the school with '''25 girls'''. She dey teach the girls catechism (Christian teachings), reading, writing, sewing, plus how dem go take manage house well. Dem dey hold the classes for the Manse inside Standfast Hall near Victoria Park for [[Cape Coast]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Girls Senior High, Cape Coast — History {{!}} SchoolsInGH |url=https://schoolsingh.com/schools/shs/wesley-girls-senior-high-cape-coast/history |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=schoolsingh.com |language=en}}</ref>Only '''5 months''' after she come, on '''8 February 1837''', Harriet Wrigley die from '''malaria'''. Later that same year, another woman called '''Elizabeth Waldron''' come take over as head of the school. She lead the school for '''43 years''' and build the strong foundation wey later make the school grow become '''The Wesleyan Girls' School and Training Home'''. By '''1884''', the school don get strong name because of ein good academic performance. Because of this, the '''Methodist Church''' decide say dem go add a secondary school section to Wesley Girls'. As a result, the then headmaster of '''Mfantsipim School''', '''Reverend W. M. Canell''', establish the secondary section with '''20 girls'''.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Both the primary and secondary sections face some periods of closure because money no dey. For some time, dem join the secondary section with Mfantsipim School and call am '''Collegiate School'''. Later, for '''1900''', the secondary section separate again and become independent on ein own.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> ==Notable alumni == * Rosina Acheampong, educationist, first female deputy director general of de GES, first Ghanaian headmistress of Wesley Girls High School * [[Jemila Abdulai]], blogger, writer den digital marketer * Barbara Frances Ackah-Yensu, justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * [[Rosamond Asiamah Nkansah]], 1st police woman insyd Ghana * [[Betty Acquah]], feminist painter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mtls.ca/issue17/art/|title=Art: Betty Acquah {{!}} Maple Tree Literary Supplement -issue17|website=www.mtls.ca|access-date=1 January 2025|date=2014}}</ref> * Adina, musician * [[Sophia Ophilia Adjeibea Adinyira]], justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2006 &ndash; 2019) *Dedo Difie Agyarko-Kusi, Ghana Ambassador to South Korea (2017–2021)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=9 November 2012|title=NPP Candidate Sure Of Winning Lower Manya Krobo Seat|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Peace FM Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204022444/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2 August 2017|title=President Akufo-Addo Swears In 4 Ambassadors, 1 High Commissioner|url=https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Presidency of Ghana|publisher=Communications Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204085543/https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref> * Agnes Aggrey-Orleans, Ghanaian diplomat * [[Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings]], member of parliament for Klottey Korle Constituency * [[Mabel Agyemang]], Chief Justice of de Turks and Caicos Islands,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Governor Dakin announces new judicial appointments|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/governor-dakin-announces-new-judicial-appointments|access-date=2021-01-09|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref> first female Chief Justice of [[The Gambia]] (2013–2014) * [[Ama Ata Aidoo]], award-winning author, academic, former Minister of Education * [[Sophia Akuffo]], 13th Chief Justice of Ghana * Patience Akyianu, banker; formerly managing director of Barclays Bank Ghana den currently CEO<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Akyianu |website=Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/power-ladies/patience-akyianu/ |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref> * Akosua Addai Amoo, sports journalist * Grace Amponsah-Ababio, retired diplomat * Abena Osei Asare, member of parliament for Atiwa East * [[Gladys Asmah]], former Minister of Fisheries * [[Becca (Ghanaian singer)|Becca]], musician * [[Sylvia Boye]], former Chief Executive den first female Registrar of West Africa Examinations Council * [[Mary Chinery-Hesse]], former civil servant den first female director of International Labor Organization, United Nations * [[Melody Millicent Danquah]], first female pilot insyd [[Africa]] * Mercy Yvonne Debrah-Karikari, first female to be Secretary to de Cabinet * [[Rita Akosua Dickson]], Vice Chancellor of [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] * Florence Dolphyne, first female Professor den first female Pro-vice Chancellor, [[University of Ghana]], Legon * Efua Dorkenoo, activist * Brigitte Dzogbenuku, Presidential candidate (2020) & Vice Presidential candidate (2016) for de Progressive People's Party * Constance Edjeani-Afenu, first female brigadier general of de Ghana Armed Forces, Deputy Military Adviser to Ghana ein permanent Mission insyd New York * Mary Grant, Ghana ein first female council of state member; first alumna to be a medical doctor * [[Afua Adwo Jectey Hesse]], chief executive officer of de Korle Bu Teaching Hospital * [[Avril Lovelace-Johnson]], Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Jennifer Koranteng, model den fashion designer * [[Angela Kyerematen-Jimoh]], business leader den Microsoft ein Financial Strategic Partnership Lead for Africa * Eva Lokko, engineer den former managing director of de Ghana Broadcasting Corporation * Alima Mahama, lawyer den former Minister for de affairs of women den kiddies insyd Ghana * [[Takyiwaa Manuh|Takyiwa Manuh]], Ghanaian academic den author * [[Joy Henrietta Mensa-Bonsu]], a law professor den Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Akosua Manu, deputy CEO of National Youth Authority * Joyce Bawah Mogtari, Lawyer den Former Deputy Minister of Transport<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Mahama Picks Joyce Bawa Mogtari As His Special Aide|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027061244/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|archive-date=2020-10-27}}</ref> * [[Emma Morrison]], television personality den media professional<ref>{{cite web|title=Emma on the ball|url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1139/emma-on-the-ball.html|website=Modern Ghana |access-date=1 January 2025|date=16 October 2009}}</ref> * Victoria Nyarko, Ghanaian politician, member of parliament insyd de first republic * [[Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang]], first female Vice-Chancellor of a state University insyd Ghana, First female Vice-Pee of Ghana * Rose Constance Owusu, former justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2008 &ndash; 2014) * [[Deborah Owusu-Bonsu]], musician, television presenter den model * [[Martha Ama Akyaa Pobee|Martha Akyaa Pobee]], Diplomat, Permanent Member to de United Nations, * [[Lucy Quist]], first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn CEO of a multinational telecommunications company insyd Ghana * [[Mabel Simpson]], fashion designer * [[Hanna Tetteh]], former Minister for Trade and Industry den former Minister for Foreign Affairs<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hannah Tetteh, Foreign Affairs Minister |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=1169# |access-date=1 January 2025|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> * [[Gertrude Torkornoo]], 15th Chief Justice of Ghana * Yvonne Tsikata, international economist den first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn vice pee for de World Bank * Julia Osei Tutu, wifey of Asantehene, Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II * [[Georgina Theodora Wood]], former police prosecution officer, first female Chief Justice of Ghana *Nana Oye Mansa Yeboaa, first female deputy Governor of de [[Bank of Ghana]], den former Ghanaian diplomat * Vida Yeboah, minister of state insyd de [[Rawlings government]], former Headmistress of Mfanstiman Girls' Secondary School == References == <references /> ==External links== {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Cape Coast]] [[Category:Girls' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1836]] [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:1836 establishments insyd de British Empire]] [[Category:Education insyd de Central Region (Ghana)]] [[Category:Methodist schools insyd Ghana]] 8oxbgpvfc0l5h46vynojmprpmfqupwv 116005 115999 2026-11-07T15:17:57Z Richyella 7184 /* History */ 116005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wesley Girls' High School''' ('''WGHS''') be an educational institution give girlies insyd [[Cape Coast]] insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=We've made progress in Wesley Girls' school impasse— Peace Council|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/we-ve-made-progress-in-wesley-girls-school-impasse-peace-council.html|access-date=2021-05-20|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Na dem found am insyd 1836 by Harriet Wrigley, de wifey of a Methodist minister.<ref name="Adjei2007">{{cite book|author=Abyna-Ansaa Adjei|title=Ghana at 50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTcuAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=National Planning Committee, Ghana at 50|isbn=978-9988-0-9707-3|page=95}}</ref> Na dem name de school after de founder of Methodism, John Wesley. == History == <big>'''Founding Years'''</big> For '''15 September 1836''', '''Harriet Wrigley''' reach '''Cape Coast''' together with ein husband, '''Reverend George Wrigley''', wey be the second Methodist missionary dem send come [[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]]. <ref>{{Citation |last=Micots |first=Courtnay |title=Gold Coast Italianate, Kwamin Atta Amonoo's Mansion on the Hill |date=2026-03-18 |work=African Mansions on the Gold Coast |pages=77–94 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003463603-4 |access-date=2026-11-07 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-46360-3}}</ref>As she land, she start the school with '''25 girls'''. She dey teach the girls catechism (Christian teachings), reading, writing, sewing, plus how dem go take manage house well. Dem dey hold the classes for the Manse inside Standfast Hall near Victoria Park for [[Cape Coast]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Girls Senior High, Cape Coast — History {{!}} SchoolsInGH |url=https://schoolsingh.com/schools/shs/wesley-girls-senior-high-cape-coast/history |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=schoolsingh.com |language=en}}</ref>Only '''5 months''' after she come, on '''8 February 1837''', Harriet Wrigley die from '''malaria'''. <ref>{{Cite book |title=Education in Ghana: history and politics |date=2023 |publisher=Langaa Research & Publishing CIG |isbn=978-9956-553-16-7 |editor-last=Amoako-Gyampah |editor-first=Akwasi Kwarteng |location=Mankon, Bamenda |editor-last2=Lundt |editor-first2=Bea |editor-last3=Agyeman |editor-first3=Edmond Akwasi}}</ref>Later that same year, another woman called '''Elizabeth Waldron''' come take over as head of the school. She lead the school for '''43 years''' and build the strong foundation wey later make the school grow become '''The Wesleyan Girls' School and Training Home'''. By '''1884''', the school don get strong name because of ein good academic performance. Because of this, the '''Methodist Church''' decide say dem go add a secondary school section to Wesley Girls'. As a result, the then headmaster of '''Mfantsipim School''', '''Reverend W. M. Canell''', establish the secondary section with '''20 girls'''.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Both the primary and secondary sections face some periods of closure because money no dey. For some time, dem join the secondary section with Mfantsipim School and call am '''Collegiate School'''. Later, for '''1900''', the secondary section separate again and become independent on ein own.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> ==Notable alumni == * Rosina Acheampong, educationist, first female deputy director general of de GES, first Ghanaian headmistress of Wesley Girls High School * [[Jemila Abdulai]], blogger, writer den digital marketer * Barbara Frances Ackah-Yensu, justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * [[Rosamond Asiamah Nkansah]], 1st police woman insyd Ghana * [[Betty Acquah]], feminist painter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mtls.ca/issue17/art/|title=Art: Betty Acquah {{!}} Maple Tree Literary Supplement -issue17|website=www.mtls.ca|access-date=1 January 2025|date=2014}}</ref> * Adina, musician * [[Sophia Ophilia Adjeibea Adinyira]], justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2006 &ndash; 2019) *Dedo Difie Agyarko-Kusi, Ghana Ambassador to South Korea (2017–2021)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=9 November 2012|title=NPP Candidate Sure Of Winning Lower Manya Krobo Seat|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Peace FM Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204022444/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2 August 2017|title=President Akufo-Addo Swears In 4 Ambassadors, 1 High Commissioner|url=https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Presidency of Ghana|publisher=Communications Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204085543/https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref> * Agnes Aggrey-Orleans, Ghanaian diplomat * [[Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings]], member of parliament for Klottey Korle Constituency * [[Mabel Agyemang]], Chief Justice of de Turks and Caicos Islands,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Governor Dakin announces new judicial appointments|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/governor-dakin-announces-new-judicial-appointments|access-date=2021-01-09|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref> first female Chief Justice of [[The Gambia]] (2013–2014) * [[Ama Ata Aidoo]], award-winning author, academic, former Minister of Education * [[Sophia Akuffo]], 13th Chief Justice of Ghana * Patience Akyianu, banker; formerly managing director of Barclays Bank Ghana den currently CEO<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Akyianu |website=Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/power-ladies/patience-akyianu/ |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref> * Akosua Addai Amoo, sports journalist * Grace Amponsah-Ababio, retired diplomat * Abena Osei Asare, member of parliament for Atiwa East * [[Gladys Asmah]], former Minister of Fisheries * [[Becca (Ghanaian singer)|Becca]], musician * [[Sylvia Boye]], former Chief Executive den first female Registrar of West Africa Examinations Council * [[Mary Chinery-Hesse]], former civil servant den first female director of International Labor Organization, United Nations * [[Melody Millicent Danquah]], first female pilot insyd [[Africa]] * Mercy Yvonne Debrah-Karikari, first female to be Secretary to de Cabinet * [[Rita Akosua Dickson]], Vice Chancellor of [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] * Florence Dolphyne, first female Professor den first female Pro-vice Chancellor, [[University of Ghana]], Legon * Efua Dorkenoo, activist * Brigitte Dzogbenuku, Presidential candidate (2020) & Vice Presidential candidate (2016) for de Progressive People's Party * Constance Edjeani-Afenu, first female brigadier general of de Ghana Armed Forces, Deputy Military Adviser to Ghana ein permanent Mission insyd New York * Mary Grant, Ghana ein first female council of state member; first alumna to be a medical doctor * [[Afua Adwo Jectey Hesse]], chief executive officer of de Korle Bu Teaching Hospital * [[Avril Lovelace-Johnson]], Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Jennifer Koranteng, model den fashion designer * [[Angela Kyerematen-Jimoh]], business leader den Microsoft ein Financial Strategic Partnership Lead for Africa * Eva Lokko, engineer den former managing director of de Ghana Broadcasting Corporation * Alima Mahama, lawyer den former Minister for de affairs of women den kiddies insyd Ghana * [[Takyiwaa Manuh|Takyiwa Manuh]], Ghanaian academic den author * [[Joy Henrietta Mensa-Bonsu]], a law professor den Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Akosua Manu, deputy CEO of National Youth Authority * Joyce Bawah Mogtari, Lawyer den Former Deputy Minister of Transport<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Mahama Picks Joyce Bawa Mogtari As His Special Aide|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027061244/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|archive-date=2020-10-27}}</ref> * [[Emma Morrison]], television personality den media professional<ref>{{cite web|title=Emma on the ball|url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1139/emma-on-the-ball.html|website=Modern Ghana |access-date=1 January 2025|date=16 October 2009}}</ref> * Victoria Nyarko, Ghanaian politician, member of parliament insyd de first republic * [[Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang]], first female Vice-Chancellor of a state University insyd Ghana, First female Vice-Pee of Ghana * Rose Constance Owusu, former justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2008 &ndash; 2014) * [[Deborah Owusu-Bonsu]], musician, television presenter den model * [[Martha Ama Akyaa Pobee|Martha Akyaa Pobee]], Diplomat, Permanent Member to de United Nations, * [[Lucy Quist]], first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn CEO of a multinational telecommunications company insyd Ghana * [[Mabel Simpson]], fashion designer * [[Hanna Tetteh]], former Minister for Trade and Industry den former Minister for Foreign Affairs<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hannah Tetteh, Foreign Affairs Minister |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=1169# |access-date=1 January 2025|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> * [[Gertrude Torkornoo]], 15th Chief Justice of Ghana * Yvonne Tsikata, international economist den first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn vice pee for de World Bank * Julia Osei Tutu, wifey of Asantehene, Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II * [[Georgina Theodora Wood]], former police prosecution officer, first female Chief Justice of Ghana *Nana Oye Mansa Yeboaa, first female deputy Governor of de [[Bank of Ghana]], den former Ghanaian diplomat * Vida Yeboah, minister of state insyd de [[Rawlings government]], former Headmistress of Mfanstiman Girls' Secondary School == References == <references /> ==External links== {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Cape Coast]] [[Category:Girls' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1836]] [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:1836 establishments insyd de British Empire]] [[Category:Education insyd de Central Region (Ghana)]] [[Category:Methodist schools insyd Ghana]] 6iw1gxdrdwc2d0m7jzp9uhq12zozvwh 116008 116005 2026-11-07T15:19:30Z Richyella 7184 /* History */ 116008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wesley Girls' High School''' ('''WGHS''') be an educational institution give girlies insyd [[Cape Coast]] insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=We've made progress in Wesley Girls' school impasse— Peace Council|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/we-ve-made-progress-in-wesley-girls-school-impasse-peace-council.html|access-date=2021-05-20|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Na dem found am insyd 1836 by Harriet Wrigley, de wifey of a Methodist minister.<ref name="Adjei2007">{{cite book|author=Abyna-Ansaa Adjei|title=Ghana at 50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTcuAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=National Planning Committee, Ghana at 50|isbn=978-9988-0-9707-3|page=95}}</ref> Na dem name de school after de founder of Methodism, John Wesley. == History == <big>'''Founding Years'''</big> For '''15 September 1836''', '''Harriet Wrigley''' reach '''Cape Coast''' together with ein husband, '''Reverend George Wrigley''', wey be the second Methodist missionary dem send come [[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]]. <ref>{{Citation |last=Micots |first=Courtnay |title=Gold Coast Italianate, Kwamin Atta Amonoo's Mansion on the Hill |date=2026-03-18 |work=African Mansions on the Gold Coast |pages=77–94 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003463603-4 |access-date=2026-11-07 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-46360-3}}</ref>As she land, she start the school with '''25 girls'''. She dey teach the girls catechism (Christian teachings), reading, writing, sewing, plus how dem go take manage house well. Dem dey hold the classes for the Manse inside Standfast Hall near Victoria Park for [[Cape Coast]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Girls Senior High, Cape Coast — History {{!}} SchoolsInGH |url=https://schoolsingh.com/schools/shs/wesley-girls-senior-high-cape-coast/history |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=schoolsingh.com |language=en}}</ref>Only '''5 months''' after she come, on '''8 February 1837''', Harriet Wrigley die from '''malaria'''. <ref>{{Cite book |title=Education in Ghana: history and politics |date=2023 |publisher=Langaa Research & Publishing CIG |isbn=978-9956-553-16-7 |editor-last=Amoako-Gyampah |editor-first=Akwasi Kwarteng |location=Mankon, Bamenda |editor-last2=Lundt |editor-first2=Bea |editor-last3=Agyeman |editor-first3=Edmond Akwasi}}</ref>Later that same year, another woman called '''Elizabeth Waldron''' come take over as head of the school. She lead the school for '''43 years''' and build the strong foundation wey later make the school grow become '''The Wesleyan Girls' School and Training Home'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pritchard |first=John |title=Methodists and Their Missionary Societies 1760-1900 |date=2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-317-09706-8}}</ref>. By '''1884''', the school don get strong name because of ein good academic performance. Because of this, the '''Methodist Church''' decide say dem go add a secondary school section to Wesley Girls'. As a result, the then headmaster of '''Mfantsipim School''', '''Reverend W. M. Canell''', establish the secondary section with '''20 girls'''.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Both the primary and secondary sections face some periods of closure because money no dey. For some time, dem join the secondary section with Mfantsipim School and call am '''Collegiate School'''. Later, for '''1900''', the secondary section separate again and become independent on ein own.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> ==Notable alumni == * Rosina Acheampong, educationist, first female deputy director general of de GES, first Ghanaian headmistress of Wesley Girls High School * [[Jemila Abdulai]], blogger, writer den digital marketer * Barbara Frances Ackah-Yensu, justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * [[Rosamond Asiamah Nkansah]], 1st police woman insyd Ghana * [[Betty Acquah]], feminist painter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mtls.ca/issue17/art/|title=Art: Betty Acquah {{!}} Maple Tree Literary Supplement -issue17|website=www.mtls.ca|access-date=1 January 2025|date=2014}}</ref> * Adina, musician * [[Sophia Ophilia Adjeibea Adinyira]], justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2006 &ndash; 2019) *Dedo Difie Agyarko-Kusi, Ghana Ambassador to South Korea (2017–2021)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=9 November 2012|title=NPP Candidate Sure Of Winning Lower Manya Krobo Seat|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Peace FM Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204022444/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2 August 2017|title=President Akufo-Addo Swears In 4 Ambassadors, 1 High Commissioner|url=https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Presidency of Ghana|publisher=Communications Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204085543/https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref> * Agnes Aggrey-Orleans, Ghanaian diplomat * [[Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings]], member of parliament for Klottey Korle Constituency * [[Mabel Agyemang]], Chief Justice of de Turks and Caicos Islands,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Governor Dakin announces new judicial appointments|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/governor-dakin-announces-new-judicial-appointments|access-date=2021-01-09|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref> first female Chief Justice of [[The Gambia]] (2013–2014) * [[Ama Ata Aidoo]], award-winning author, academic, former Minister of Education * [[Sophia Akuffo]], 13th Chief Justice of Ghana * Patience Akyianu, banker; formerly managing director of Barclays Bank Ghana den currently CEO<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Akyianu |website=Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/power-ladies/patience-akyianu/ |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref> * Akosua Addai Amoo, sports journalist * Grace Amponsah-Ababio, retired diplomat * Abena Osei Asare, member of parliament for Atiwa East * [[Gladys Asmah]], former Minister of Fisheries * [[Becca (Ghanaian singer)|Becca]], musician * [[Sylvia Boye]], former Chief Executive den first female Registrar of West Africa Examinations Council * [[Mary Chinery-Hesse]], former civil servant den first female director of International Labor Organization, United Nations * [[Melody Millicent Danquah]], first female pilot insyd [[Africa]] * Mercy Yvonne Debrah-Karikari, first female to be Secretary to de Cabinet * [[Rita Akosua Dickson]], Vice Chancellor of [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] * Florence Dolphyne, first female Professor den first female Pro-vice Chancellor, [[University of Ghana]], Legon * Efua Dorkenoo, activist * Brigitte Dzogbenuku, Presidential candidate (2020) & Vice Presidential candidate (2016) for de Progressive People's Party * Constance Edjeani-Afenu, first female brigadier general of de Ghana Armed Forces, Deputy Military Adviser to Ghana ein permanent Mission insyd New York * Mary Grant, Ghana ein first female council of state member; first alumna to be a medical doctor * [[Afua Adwo Jectey Hesse]], chief executive officer of de Korle Bu Teaching Hospital * [[Avril Lovelace-Johnson]], Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Jennifer Koranteng, model den fashion designer * [[Angela Kyerematen-Jimoh]], business leader den Microsoft ein Financial Strategic Partnership Lead for Africa * Eva Lokko, engineer den former managing director of de Ghana Broadcasting Corporation * Alima Mahama, lawyer den former Minister for de affairs of women den kiddies insyd Ghana * [[Takyiwaa Manuh|Takyiwa Manuh]], Ghanaian academic den author * [[Joy Henrietta Mensa-Bonsu]], a law professor den Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Akosua Manu, deputy CEO of National Youth Authority * Joyce Bawah Mogtari, Lawyer den Former Deputy Minister of Transport<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Mahama Picks Joyce Bawa Mogtari As His Special Aide|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027061244/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|archive-date=2020-10-27}}</ref> * [[Emma Morrison]], television personality den media professional<ref>{{cite web|title=Emma on the ball|url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1139/emma-on-the-ball.html|website=Modern Ghana |access-date=1 January 2025|date=16 October 2009}}</ref> * Victoria Nyarko, Ghanaian politician, member of parliament insyd de first republic * [[Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang]], first female Vice-Chancellor of a state University insyd Ghana, First female Vice-Pee of Ghana * Rose Constance Owusu, former justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2008 &ndash; 2014) * [[Deborah Owusu-Bonsu]], musician, television presenter den model * [[Martha Ama Akyaa Pobee|Martha Akyaa Pobee]], Diplomat, Permanent Member to de United Nations, * [[Lucy Quist]], first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn CEO of a multinational telecommunications company insyd Ghana * [[Mabel Simpson]], fashion designer * [[Hanna Tetteh]], former Minister for Trade and Industry den former Minister for Foreign Affairs<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hannah Tetteh, Foreign Affairs Minister |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=1169# |access-date=1 January 2025|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> * [[Gertrude Torkornoo]], 15th Chief Justice of Ghana * Yvonne Tsikata, international economist den first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn vice pee for de World Bank * Julia Osei Tutu, wifey of Asantehene, Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II * [[Georgina Theodora Wood]], former police prosecution officer, first female Chief Justice of Ghana *Nana Oye Mansa Yeboaa, first female deputy Governor of de [[Bank of Ghana]], den former Ghanaian diplomat * Vida Yeboah, minister of state insyd de [[Rawlings government]], former Headmistress of Mfanstiman Girls' Secondary School == References == <references /> ==External links== {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Cape Coast]] [[Category:Girls' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1836]] [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:1836 establishments insyd de British Empire]] [[Category:Education insyd de Central Region (Ghana)]] [[Category:Methodist schools insyd Ghana]] kb67fkzh2b9u3b4vnqxft2ycy27v3bg 116088 116008 2026-11-07T16:06:49Z Richyella 7184 /* History */ 116088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wesley Girls' High School''' ('''WGHS''') be an educational institution give girlies insyd [[Cape Coast]] insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=We've made progress in Wesley Girls' school impasse— Peace Council|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/we-ve-made-progress-in-wesley-girls-school-impasse-peace-council.html|access-date=2021-05-20|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Na dem found am insyd 1836 by Harriet Wrigley, de wifey of a Methodist minister.<ref name="Adjei2007">{{cite book|author=Abyna-Ansaa Adjei|title=Ghana at 50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTcuAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=National Planning Committee, Ghana at 50|isbn=978-9988-0-9707-3|page=95}}</ref> Na dem name de school after de founder of Methodism, John Wesley. == History == <big>'''Founding Years'''</big> For 15 September 1836, Harriet Wrigley reach Cape Coast together with ein husband, Reverend George Wrigley, wey be the second Methodist missionary dem send come [[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]]. <ref>{{Citation |last=Micots |first=Courtnay |title=Gold Coast Italianate, Kwamin Atta Amonoo's Mansion on the Hill |date=2026-03-18 |work=African Mansions on the Gold Coast |pages=77–94 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003463603-4 |access-date=2026-11-07 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-46360-3}}</ref>As she land, she start the school with 25 girls. She dey teach the girls catechism (Christian teachings), reading, writing, sewing, plus how dem go take manage house well. Dem dey hold the classes for the Manse inside Standfast Hall near Victoria Park for [[Cape Coast]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Girls Senior High, Cape Coast — History {{!}} SchoolsInGH |url=https://schoolsingh.com/schools/shs/wesley-girls-senior-high-cape-coast/history |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=schoolsingh.com |language=en}}</ref>Only 5 months after she come, on 8 February 1837, Harriet Wrigley die from malaria. <ref>{{Cite book |title=Education in Ghana: history and politics |date=2023 |publisher=Langaa Research & Publishing CIG |isbn=978-9956-553-16-7 |editor-last=Amoako-Gyampah |editor-first=Akwasi Kwarteng |location=Mankon, Bamenda |editor-last2=Lundt |editor-first2=Bea |editor-last3=Agyeman |editor-first3=Edmond Akwasi}}</ref>Later that same year, another woman called Elizabeth Waldron come take over as head of the school. She lead the school for 43 years and build the strong foundation wey later make the school grow become The Wesleyan Girls' School and Training Home<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pritchard |first=John |title=Methodists and Their Missionary Societies 1760-1900 |date=2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-317-09706-8}}</ref>. By 1884, the school don get strong name because of ein good academic performance. Because of this, the Methodist Church decide say dem go add a secondary school section to Wesley Girls'. As a result, the then headmaster of [[Mfantsipim School]], Reverend W. M. Canell, establish the secondary section with 20 girls.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Both the primary and secondary sections face some periods of closure because money no dey. For some time, dem join the secondary section with Mfantsipim School and call am Collegiate School. Later, for 1900, the secondary section separate again and become independent on ein own.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> '''<big>Development for Early 20th Century (1900s – 1920s)</big>''' Shortly after the school get back ein identity, H. J. Ellis lead the school till 1913. After she lef, some deaconess women manage the school for some time before Evelyn Bellamy come become headmistress for 1914 and stay for the position till 1943. During ein time as headmistress, on 8 June 1925, Dr. [[:en:James_Emman_Kwegyir_Aggrey|Kwegyir Aggrey]] visit the school for the Manse. For the school logbook, e write the famous words wey plenty people still quote today: "If you educate a boy, you educate one person; but if you educate a girl, you educate a whole family."<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> '''<big>Mid-Century Expansion</big>''' For 1951, the headmistress at that time, Olive Compton, permanently separate the secondary section from the primary school and move am go the school ein current location for Kakumdo. Na Olive Compton herself design the layout of the new campus. She take inspiration from HMS Excellence, one ship, so the school grounds get a design wey resemble ship structure<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref>. The last missionary headmistress, Clarice Garnett, take over leadership from 1960 to 1981. During ein leadership, she help establish the Science Sixth Form for the school. Even though Arts Sixth Form already dey from Olive Compton ein time, the addition of the Science Sixth Form mean say students fit complete all their Advanced Level (A-Level) studies inside Wesley Girls without transferring go another school <ref>{{Cite web |title=wey gey hey 96 yearbook - Flip eBook Pages 1-50 {{!}} AnyFlip |url=https://anyflip.com/fuge/cgsz/basic |access-date=2026-07-21 |website=anyflip.com}}</ref>. For 2003, Africa Almanac rank Wesley Girls' High School as 68th among the top 100 secondary schools in Africa. The ranking base on things like: quality of education, student participation and engagement, strength and activities of old students (alumnae), school reputation and profile, presence on the internet, and media and news visibility. This recognition show the strong academic reputation and influence wey Wesley Girls build over the years both for Ghana and across Africa <ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref>. ==Notable alumni == * Rosina Acheampong, educationist, first female deputy director general of de GES, first Ghanaian headmistress of Wesley Girls High School * [[Jemila Abdulai]], blogger, writer den digital marketer * Barbara Frances Ackah-Yensu, justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * [[Rosamond Asiamah Nkansah]], 1st police woman insyd Ghana * [[Betty Acquah]], feminist painter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mtls.ca/issue17/art/|title=Art: Betty Acquah {{!}} Maple Tree Literary Supplement -issue17|website=www.mtls.ca|access-date=1 January 2025|date=2014}}</ref> * Adina, musician * [[Sophia Ophilia Adjeibea Adinyira]], justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2006 &ndash; 2019) *Dedo Difie Agyarko-Kusi, Ghana Ambassador to South Korea (2017–2021)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=9 November 2012|title=NPP Candidate Sure Of Winning Lower Manya Krobo Seat|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Peace FM Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204022444/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2 August 2017|title=President Akufo-Addo Swears In 4 Ambassadors, 1 High Commissioner|url=https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Presidency of Ghana|publisher=Communications Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204085543/https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref> * Agnes Aggrey-Orleans, Ghanaian diplomat * [[Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings]], member of parliament for Klottey Korle Constituency * [[Mabel Agyemang]], Chief Justice of de Turks and Caicos Islands,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Governor Dakin announces new judicial appointments|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/governor-dakin-announces-new-judicial-appointments|access-date=2021-01-09|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref> first female Chief Justice of [[The Gambia]] (2013–2014) * [[Ama Ata Aidoo]], award-winning author, academic, former Minister of Education * [[Sophia Akuffo]], 13th Chief Justice of Ghana * Patience Akyianu, banker; formerly managing director of Barclays Bank Ghana den currently CEO<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Akyianu |website=Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/power-ladies/patience-akyianu/ |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref> * Akosua Addai Amoo, sports journalist * Grace Amponsah-Ababio, retired diplomat * Abena Osei Asare, member of parliament for Atiwa East * [[Gladys Asmah]], former Minister of Fisheries * [[Becca (Ghanaian singer)|Becca]], musician * [[Sylvia Boye]], former Chief Executive den first female Registrar of West Africa Examinations Council * [[Mary Chinery-Hesse]], former civil servant den first female director of International Labor Organization, United Nations * [[Melody Millicent Danquah]], first female pilot insyd [[Africa]] * Mercy Yvonne Debrah-Karikari, first female to be Secretary to de Cabinet * [[Rita Akosua Dickson]], Vice Chancellor of [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] * Florence Dolphyne, first female Professor den first female Pro-vice Chancellor, [[University of Ghana]], Legon * Efua Dorkenoo, activist * Brigitte Dzogbenuku, Presidential candidate (2020) & Vice Presidential candidate (2016) for de Progressive People's Party * Constance Edjeani-Afenu, first female brigadier general of de Ghana Armed Forces, Deputy Military Adviser to Ghana ein permanent Mission insyd New York * Mary Grant, Ghana ein first female council of state member; first alumna to be a medical doctor * [[Afua Adwo Jectey Hesse]], chief executive officer of de Korle Bu Teaching Hospital * [[Avril Lovelace-Johnson]], Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Jennifer Koranteng, model den fashion designer * [[Angela Kyerematen-Jimoh]], business leader den Microsoft ein Financial Strategic Partnership Lead for Africa * Eva Lokko, engineer den former managing director of de Ghana Broadcasting Corporation * Alima Mahama, lawyer den former Minister for de affairs of women den kiddies insyd Ghana * [[Takyiwaa Manuh|Takyiwa Manuh]], Ghanaian academic den author * [[Joy Henrietta Mensa-Bonsu]], a law professor den Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Akosua Manu, deputy CEO of National Youth Authority * Joyce Bawah Mogtari, Lawyer den Former Deputy Minister of Transport<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Mahama Picks Joyce Bawa Mogtari As His Special Aide|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027061244/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|archive-date=2020-10-27}}</ref> * [[Emma Morrison]], television personality den media professional<ref>{{cite web|title=Emma on the ball|url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1139/emma-on-the-ball.html|website=Modern Ghana |access-date=1 January 2025|date=16 October 2009}}</ref> * Victoria Nyarko, Ghanaian politician, member of parliament insyd de first republic * [[Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang]], first female Vice-Chancellor of a state University insyd Ghana, First female Vice-Pee of Ghana * Rose Constance Owusu, former justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2008 &ndash; 2014) * [[Deborah Owusu-Bonsu]], musician, television presenter den model * [[Martha Ama Akyaa Pobee|Martha Akyaa Pobee]], Diplomat, Permanent Member to de United Nations, * [[Lucy Quist]], first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn CEO of a multinational telecommunications company insyd Ghana * [[Mabel Simpson]], fashion designer * [[Hanna Tetteh]], former Minister for Trade and Industry den former Minister for Foreign Affairs<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hannah Tetteh, Foreign Affairs Minister |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=1169# |access-date=1 January 2025|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> * [[Gertrude Torkornoo]], 15th Chief Justice of Ghana * Yvonne Tsikata, international economist den first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn vice pee for de World Bank * Julia Osei Tutu, wifey of Asantehene, Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II * [[Georgina Theodora Wood]], former police prosecution officer, first female Chief Justice of Ghana *Nana Oye Mansa Yeboaa, first female deputy Governor of de [[Bank of Ghana]], den former Ghanaian diplomat * Vida Yeboah, minister of state insyd de [[Rawlings government]], former Headmistress of Mfanstiman Girls' Secondary School == References == <references /> ==External links== {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Cape Coast]] [[Category:Girls' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1836]] [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:1836 establishments insyd de British Empire]] [[Category:Education insyd de Central Region (Ghana)]] [[Category:Methodist schools insyd Ghana]] 4g6h5j7m9a70zcpbvskndcy5v6qsbs3 116089 116088 2026-11-07T16:07:11Z Richyella 7184 /* History */ 116089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wesley Girls' High School''' ('''WGHS''') be an educational institution give girlies insyd [[Cape Coast]] insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=We've made progress in Wesley Girls' school impasse— Peace Council|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/we-ve-made-progress-in-wesley-girls-school-impasse-peace-council.html|access-date=2021-05-20|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Na dem found am insyd 1836 by Harriet Wrigley, de wifey of a Methodist minister.<ref name="Adjei2007">{{cite book|author=Abyna-Ansaa Adjei|title=Ghana at 50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTcuAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=National Planning Committee, Ghana at 50|isbn=978-9988-0-9707-3|page=95}}</ref> Na dem name de school after de founder of Methodism, John Wesley. == History == <big>'''Founding Years'''</big> For 15 September 1836, Harriet Wrigley reach Cape Coast together with ein husband, Reverend George Wrigley, wey be the second Methodist missionary dem send come [[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]]. <ref>{{Citation |last=Micots |first=Courtnay |title=Gold Coast Italianate, Kwamin Atta Amonoo's Mansion on the Hill |date=2026-03-18 |work=African Mansions on the Gold Coast |pages=77–94 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003463603-4 |access-date=2026-11-07 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-46360-3}}</ref>As she land, she start the school with 25 girls. She dey teach the girls catechism (Christian teachings), reading, writing, sewing, plus how dem go take manage house well. Dem dey hold the classes for the Manse inside Standfast Hall near Victoria Park for [[Cape Coast]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Girls Senior High, Cape Coast — History {{!}} SchoolsInGH |url=https://schoolsingh.com/schools/shs/wesley-girls-senior-high-cape-coast/history |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=schoolsingh.com |language=en}}</ref>Only 5 months after she come, on 8 February 1837, Harriet Wrigley die from malaria. <ref>{{Cite book |title=Education in Ghana: history and politics |date=2023 |publisher=Langaa Research & Publishing CIG |isbn=978-9956-553-16-7 |editor-last=Amoako-Gyampah |editor-first=Akwasi Kwarteng |location=Mankon, Bamenda |editor-last2=Lundt |editor-first2=Bea |editor-last3=Agyeman |editor-first3=Edmond Akwasi}}</ref>Later that same year, another woman called Elizabeth Waldron come take over as head of the school. She lead the school for 43 years and build the strong foundation wey later make the school grow become The Wesleyan Girls' School and Training Home<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pritchard |first=John |title=Methodists and Their Missionary Societies 1760-1900 |date=2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-317-09706-8}}</ref>. By 1884, the school don get strong name because of ein good academic performance. Because of this, the Methodist Church decide say dem go add a secondary school section to Wesley Girls'. As a result, the then headmaster of [[Mfantsipim School]], Reverend W. M. Canell, establish the secondary section with 20 girls.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Both the primary and secondary sections face some periods of closure because money no dey. For some time, dem join the secondary section with Mfantsipim School and call am Collegiate School. Later, for 1900, the secondary section separate again and become independent on ein own.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> '''<big>Development for Early 20th Century (1900s – 1920s)</big>''' Shortly after the school get back ein identity, H. J. Ellis lead the school till 1913. After she lef, some deaconess women manage the school for some time before Evelyn Bellamy come become headmistress for 1914 and stay for the position till 1943. During ein time as headmistress, on 8 June 1925, Dr. [[:en:James_Emman_Kwegyir_Aggrey|Kwegyir Aggrey]] visit the school for the Manse. For the school logbook, e write the famous words wey plenty people still quote today: "If you educate a boy, you educate one person; but if you educate a girl, you educate a whole family."<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> '''<big>Mid-Century Expansion</big>''' For 1951, the headmistress at that time, Olive Compton, permanently separate the secondary section from the primary school and move am go the school ein current location for Kakumdo. Na Olive Compton herself design the layout of the new campus. She take inspiration from HMS Excellence, one ship, so the school grounds get a design wey resemble ship structure<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref>. The last missionary headmistress, Clarice Garnett, take over leadership from 1960 to 1981. During ein leadership, she help establish the Science Sixth Form for the school. Even though Arts Sixth Form already dey from Olive Compton ein time, the addition of the Science Sixth Form mean say students fit complete all their Advanced Level (A-Level) studies inside Wesley Girls without transferring go another school <ref>{{Cite web |title=wey gey hey 96 yearbook - Flip eBook Pages 1-50 {{!}} AnyFlip |url=https://anyflip.com/fuge/cgsz/basic |access-date=2026-07-21 |website=anyflip.com}}</ref>. For 2003, Africa Almanac rank Wesley Girls' High School as 68th among the top 100 secondary schools in Africa. The ranking base on things like: quality of education, student participation and engagement, strength and activities of old students (alumnae), school reputation and profile, presence on the internet, and media and news visibility. This recognition show the strong academic reputation and influence wey Wesley Girls build over the years both for Ghana and across Africa <ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref>. ==Notable alumni == * Rosina Acheampong, educationist, first female deputy director general of de GES, first Ghanaian headmistress of Wesley Girls High School * [[Jemila Abdulai]], blogger, writer den digital marketer * Barbara Frances Ackah-Yensu, justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * [[Rosamond Asiamah Nkansah]], 1st police woman insyd Ghana * [[Betty Acquah]], feminist painter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mtls.ca/issue17/art/|title=Art: Betty Acquah {{!}} Maple Tree Literary Supplement -issue17|website=www.mtls.ca|access-date=1 January 2025|date=2014}}</ref> * Adina, musician * [[Sophia Ophilia Adjeibea Adinyira]], justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2006 &ndash; 2019) *Dedo Difie Agyarko-Kusi, Ghana Ambassador to South Korea (2017–2021)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=9 November 2012|title=NPP Candidate Sure Of Winning Lower Manya Krobo Seat|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Peace FM Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204022444/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2 August 2017|title=President Akufo-Addo Swears In 4 Ambassadors, 1 High Commissioner|url=https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Presidency of Ghana|publisher=Communications Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204085543/https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref> * Agnes Aggrey-Orleans, Ghanaian diplomat * [[Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings]], member of parliament for Klottey Korle Constituency * [[Mabel Agyemang]], Chief Justice of de Turks and Caicos Islands,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Governor Dakin announces new judicial appointments|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/governor-dakin-announces-new-judicial-appointments|access-date=2021-01-09|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref> first female Chief Justice of [[The Gambia]] (2013–2014) * [[Ama Ata Aidoo]], award-winning author, academic, former Minister of Education * [[Sophia Akuffo]], 13th Chief Justice of Ghana * Patience Akyianu, banker; formerly managing director of Barclays Bank Ghana den currently CEO<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Akyianu |website=Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/power-ladies/patience-akyianu/ |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref> * Akosua Addai Amoo, sports journalist * Grace Amponsah-Ababio, retired diplomat * Abena Osei Asare, member of parliament for Atiwa East * [[Gladys Asmah]], former Minister of Fisheries * [[Becca (Ghanaian singer)|Becca]], musician * [[Sylvia Boye]], former Chief Executive den first female Registrar of West Africa Examinations Council * [[Mary Chinery-Hesse]], former civil servant den first female director of International Labor Organization, United Nations * [[Melody Millicent Danquah]], first female pilot insyd [[Africa]] * Mercy Yvonne Debrah-Karikari, first female to be Secretary to de Cabinet * [[Rita Akosua Dickson]], Vice Chancellor of [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] * Florence Dolphyne, first female Professor den first female Pro-vice Chancellor, [[University of Ghana]], Legon * Efua Dorkenoo, activist * Brigitte Dzogbenuku, Presidential candidate (2020) & Vice Presidential candidate (2016) for de Progressive People's Party * Constance Edjeani-Afenu, first female brigadier general of de Ghana Armed Forces, Deputy Military Adviser to Ghana ein permanent Mission insyd New York * Mary Grant, Ghana ein first female council of state member; first alumna to be a medical doctor * [[Afua Adwo Jectey Hesse]], chief executive officer of de Korle Bu Teaching Hospital * [[Avril Lovelace-Johnson]], Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Jennifer Koranteng, model den fashion designer * [[Angela Kyerematen-Jimoh]], business leader den Microsoft ein Financial Strategic Partnership Lead for Africa * Eva Lokko, engineer den former managing director of de Ghana Broadcasting Corporation * Alima Mahama, lawyer den former Minister for de affairs of women den kiddies insyd Ghana * [[Takyiwaa Manuh|Takyiwa Manuh]], Ghanaian academic den author * [[Joy Henrietta Mensa-Bonsu]], a law professor den Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Akosua Manu, deputy CEO of National Youth Authority * Joyce Bawah Mogtari, Lawyer den Former Deputy Minister of Transport<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Mahama Picks Joyce Bawa Mogtari As His Special Aide|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027061244/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|archive-date=2020-10-27}}</ref> * [[Emma Morrison]], television personality den media professional<ref>{{cite web|title=Emma on the ball|url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1139/emma-on-the-ball.html|website=Modern Ghana |access-date=1 January 2025|date=16 October 2009}}</ref> * Victoria Nyarko, Ghanaian politician, member of parliament insyd de first republic * [[Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang]], first female Vice-Chancellor of a state University insyd Ghana, First female Vice-Pee of Ghana * Rose Constance Owusu, former justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2008 &ndash; 2014) * [[Deborah Owusu-Bonsu]], musician, television presenter den model * [[Martha Ama Akyaa Pobee|Martha Akyaa Pobee]], Diplomat, Permanent Member to de United Nations, * [[Lucy Quist]], first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn CEO of a multinational telecommunications company insyd Ghana * [[Mabel Simpson]], fashion designer * [[Hanna Tetteh]], former Minister for Trade and Industry den former Minister for Foreign Affairs<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hannah Tetteh, Foreign Affairs Minister |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=1169# |access-date=1 January 2025|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> * [[Gertrude Torkornoo]], 15th Chief Justice of Ghana * Yvonne Tsikata, international economist den first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn vice pee for de World Bank * Julia Osei Tutu, wifey of Asantehene, Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II * [[Georgina Theodora Wood]], former police prosecution officer, first female Chief Justice of Ghana *Nana Oye Mansa Yeboaa, first female deputy Governor of de [[Bank of Ghana]], den former Ghanaian diplomat * Vida Yeboah, minister of state insyd de [[Rawlings government]], former Headmistress of Mfanstiman Girls' Secondary School == References == <references /> ==External links== {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Cape Coast]] [[Category:Girls' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1836]] [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:1836 establishments insyd de British Empire]] [[Category:Education insyd de Central Region (Ghana)]] [[Category:Methodist schools insyd Ghana]] 379q2i02cxu0mbx7sgbpzkx00ps6l8n 116120 116089 2026-11-07T16:16:16Z Richyella 7184 /* History */ 116120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wesley Girls' High School''' ('''WGHS''') be an educational institution give girlies insyd [[Cape Coast]] insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=We've made progress in Wesley Girls' school impasse— Peace Council|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/we-ve-made-progress-in-wesley-girls-school-impasse-peace-council.html|access-date=2021-05-20|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Na dem found am insyd 1836 by Harriet Wrigley, de wifey of a Methodist minister.<ref name="Adjei2007">{{cite book|author=Abyna-Ansaa Adjei|title=Ghana at 50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTcuAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=National Planning Committee, Ghana at 50|isbn=978-9988-0-9707-3|page=95}}</ref> Na dem name de school after de founder of Methodism, John Wesley. == History == <big>'''Founding Years'''</big> For 15 September 1836, Harriet Wrigley reach Cape Coast together with ein husband, Reverend George Wrigley, wey be the second Methodist missionary dem send come [[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]]. <ref>{{Citation |last=Micots |first=Courtnay |title=Gold Coast Italianate, Kwamin Atta Amonoo's Mansion on the Hill |date=2026-03-18 |work=African Mansions on the Gold Coast |pages=77–94 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003463603-4 |access-date=2026-11-07 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-46360-3}}</ref>As she land, she start the school with 25 girls. She dey teach the girls catechism (Christian teachings), reading, writing, sewing, plus how dem go take manage house well. Dem dey hold the classes for the Manse inside Standfast Hall near Victoria Park for [[Cape Coast]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Girls Senior High, Cape Coast — History {{!}} SchoolsInGH |url=https://schoolsingh.com/schools/shs/wesley-girls-senior-high-cape-coast/history |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=schoolsingh.com |language=en}}</ref>Only 5 months after she come, on 8 February 1837, Harriet Wrigley die from malaria. <ref>{{Cite book |title=Education in Ghana: history and politics |date=2023 |publisher=Langaa Research & Publishing CIG |isbn=978-9956-553-16-7 |editor-last=Amoako-Gyampah |editor-first=Akwasi Kwarteng |location=Mankon, Bamenda |editor-last2=Lundt |editor-first2=Bea |editor-last3=Agyeman |editor-first3=Edmond Akwasi}}</ref>Later that same year, another woman called Elizabeth Waldron come take over as head of the school. She lead the school for 43 years and build the strong foundation wey later make the school grow become The Wesleyan Girls' School and Training Home<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pritchard |first=John |title=Methodists and Their Missionary Societies 1760-1900 |date=2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-317-09706-8}}</ref>. By 1884, the school don get strong name because of ein good academic performance. Because of this, the Methodist Church decide say dem go add a secondary school section to Wesley Girls'. As a result, the then headmaster of [[Mfantsipim School]], Reverend W. M. Canell, establish the secondary section with 20 girls.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Both the primary and secondary sections face some periods of closure because money no dey. For some time, dem join the secondary section with Mfantsipim School and call am Collegiate School. Later, for 1900, the secondary section separate again and become independent on ein own.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> '''<big>Development for Early 20th Century (1900s – 1920s)</big>''' Shortly after the school get back ein identity, H. J. Ellis lead the school till 1913. After she lef, some deaconess women manage the school for some time before Evelyn Bellamy come become headmistress for 1914 and stay for the position till 1943. During ein time as headmistress, on 8 June 1925, Dr. [[:en:James_Emman_Kwegyir_Aggrey|Kwegyir Aggrey]] visit the school for the Manse. For the school logbook, e write the famous words wey plenty people still quote today: "If you educate a boy, you educate one person; but if you educate a girl, you educate a whole family."<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> '''<big>Mid-Century Expansion</big>''' For 1951, the headmistress at that time, Olive Compton, permanently separate the secondary section from the primary school and move am go the school ein current location for Kakumdo. Na Olive Compton herself design the layout of the new campus. She take inspiration from HMS Excellence, one ship, so the school grounds get a design wey resemble ship structure<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref>. The last missionary headmistress, Clarice Garnett, take over leadership from 1960 to 1981. During ein leadership, she help establish the Science Sixth Form for the school. Even though Arts Sixth Form already dey from Olive Compton ein time, the addition of the Science Sixth Form mean say students fit complete all their Advanced Level (A-Level) studies inside Wesley Girls without transferring go another school <ref>{{Cite web |title=wey gey hey 96 yearbook - Flip eBook Pages 1-50 {{!}} AnyFlip |url=https://anyflip.com/fuge/cgsz/basic |access-date=2026-07-21 |website=anyflip.com}}</ref>. For 2003, Africa Almanac rank Wesley Girls' High School as 68th among the top 100 secondary schools in Africa. The ranking base on things like: quality of education, student participation and engagement, strength and activities of old students (alumnae), school reputation and profile, presence on the internet, and media and news visibility. This recognition show the strong academic reputation and influence wey Wesley Girls build over the years both for Ghana and across Africa <ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref>. == <big>Past and Present Headmistresses</big> == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Headmistress !Tenure !Year group |- |Harriet Wrigley |1836 – 1837 |— (Missionary/Founder) |- | | | |- | | | |} ==Notable alumni == * Rosina Acheampong, educationist, first female deputy director general of de GES, first Ghanaian headmistress of Wesley Girls High School * [[Jemila Abdulai]], blogger, writer den digital marketer * Barbara Frances Ackah-Yensu, justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * [[Rosamond Asiamah Nkansah]], 1st police woman insyd Ghana * [[Betty Acquah]], feminist painter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mtls.ca/issue17/art/|title=Art: Betty Acquah {{!}} Maple Tree Literary Supplement -issue17|website=www.mtls.ca|access-date=1 January 2025|date=2014}}</ref> * Adina, musician * [[Sophia Ophilia Adjeibea Adinyira]], justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2006 &ndash; 2019) *Dedo Difie Agyarko-Kusi, Ghana Ambassador to South Korea (2017–2021)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=9 November 2012|title=NPP Candidate Sure Of Winning Lower Manya Krobo Seat|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Peace FM Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204022444/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2 August 2017|title=President Akufo-Addo Swears In 4 Ambassadors, 1 High Commissioner|url=https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Presidency of Ghana|publisher=Communications Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204085543/https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref> * Agnes Aggrey-Orleans, Ghanaian diplomat * [[Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings]], member of parliament for Klottey Korle Constituency * [[Mabel Agyemang]], Chief Justice of de Turks and Caicos Islands,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Governor Dakin announces new judicial appointments|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/governor-dakin-announces-new-judicial-appointments|access-date=2021-01-09|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref> first female Chief Justice of [[The Gambia]] (2013–2014) * [[Ama Ata Aidoo]], award-winning author, academic, former Minister of Education * [[Sophia Akuffo]], 13th Chief Justice of Ghana * Patience Akyianu, banker; formerly managing director of Barclays Bank Ghana den currently CEO<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Akyianu |website=Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/power-ladies/patience-akyianu/ |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref> * Akosua Addai Amoo, sports journalist * Grace Amponsah-Ababio, retired diplomat * Abena Osei Asare, member of parliament for Atiwa East * [[Gladys Asmah]], former Minister of Fisheries * [[Becca (Ghanaian singer)|Becca]], musician * [[Sylvia Boye]], former Chief Executive den first female Registrar of West Africa Examinations Council * [[Mary Chinery-Hesse]], former civil servant den first female director of International Labor Organization, United Nations * [[Melody Millicent Danquah]], first female pilot insyd [[Africa]] * Mercy Yvonne Debrah-Karikari, first female to be Secretary to de Cabinet * [[Rita Akosua Dickson]], Vice Chancellor of [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] * Florence Dolphyne, first female Professor den first female Pro-vice Chancellor, [[University of Ghana]], Legon * Efua Dorkenoo, activist * Brigitte Dzogbenuku, Presidential candidate (2020) & Vice Presidential candidate (2016) for de Progressive People's Party * Constance Edjeani-Afenu, first female brigadier general of de Ghana Armed Forces, Deputy Military Adviser to Ghana ein permanent Mission insyd New York * Mary Grant, Ghana ein first female council of state member; first alumna to be a medical doctor * [[Afua Adwo Jectey Hesse]], chief executive officer of de Korle Bu Teaching Hospital * [[Avril Lovelace-Johnson]], Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Jennifer Koranteng, model den fashion designer * [[Angela Kyerematen-Jimoh]], business leader den Microsoft ein Financial Strategic Partnership Lead for Africa * Eva Lokko, engineer den former managing director of de Ghana Broadcasting Corporation * Alima Mahama, lawyer den former Minister for de affairs of women den kiddies insyd Ghana * [[Takyiwaa Manuh|Takyiwa Manuh]], Ghanaian academic den author * [[Joy Henrietta Mensa-Bonsu]], a law professor den Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Akosua Manu, deputy CEO of National Youth Authority * Joyce Bawah Mogtari, Lawyer den Former Deputy Minister of Transport<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Mahama Picks Joyce Bawa Mogtari As His Special Aide|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027061244/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|archive-date=2020-10-27}}</ref> * [[Emma Morrison]], television personality den media professional<ref>{{cite web|title=Emma on the ball|url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1139/emma-on-the-ball.html|website=Modern Ghana |access-date=1 January 2025|date=16 October 2009}}</ref> * Victoria Nyarko, Ghanaian politician, member of parliament insyd de first republic * [[Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang]], first female Vice-Chancellor of a state University insyd Ghana, First female Vice-Pee of Ghana * Rose Constance Owusu, former justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2008 &ndash; 2014) * [[Deborah Owusu-Bonsu]], musician, television presenter den model * [[Martha Ama Akyaa Pobee|Martha Akyaa Pobee]], Diplomat, Permanent Member to de United Nations, * [[Lucy Quist]], first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn CEO of a multinational telecommunications company insyd Ghana * [[Mabel Simpson]], fashion designer * [[Hanna Tetteh]], former Minister for Trade and Industry den former Minister for Foreign Affairs<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hannah Tetteh, Foreign Affairs Minister |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=1169# |access-date=1 January 2025|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> * [[Gertrude Torkornoo]], 15th Chief Justice of Ghana * Yvonne Tsikata, international economist den first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn vice pee for de World Bank * Julia Osei Tutu, wifey of Asantehene, Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II * [[Georgina Theodora Wood]], former police prosecution officer, first female Chief Justice of Ghana *Nana Oye Mansa Yeboaa, first female deputy Governor of de [[Bank of Ghana]], den former Ghanaian diplomat * Vida Yeboah, minister of state insyd de [[Rawlings government]], former Headmistress of Mfanstiman Girls' Secondary School == References == <references /> ==External links== {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Cape Coast]] [[Category:Girls' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1836]] [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:1836 establishments insyd de British Empire]] [[Category:Education insyd de Central Region (Ghana)]] [[Category:Methodist schools insyd Ghana]] sp8qwl3jsn2s1ptrc9m0343km0uzpkh 116163 116120 2026-11-07T16:25:19Z Richyella 7184 /* History */ 116163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wesley Girls' High School''' ('''WGHS''') be an educational institution give girlies insyd [[Cape Coast]] insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=We've made progress in Wesley Girls' school impasse— Peace Council|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/we-ve-made-progress-in-wesley-girls-school-impasse-peace-council.html|access-date=2021-05-20|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Na dem found am insyd 1836 by Harriet Wrigley, de wifey of a Methodist minister.<ref name="Adjei2007">{{cite book|author=Abyna-Ansaa Adjei|title=Ghana at 50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTcuAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=National Planning Committee, Ghana at 50|isbn=978-9988-0-9707-3|page=95}}</ref> Na dem name de school after de founder of Methodism, John Wesley. == History == <big>'''Founding Years'''</big> For 15 September 1836, Harriet Wrigley reach Cape Coast together with ein husband, Reverend George Wrigley, wey be the second Methodist missionary dem send come [[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]]. <ref>{{Citation |last=Micots |first=Courtnay |title=Gold Coast Italianate, Kwamin Atta Amonoo's Mansion on the Hill |date=2026-03-18 |work=African Mansions on the Gold Coast |pages=77–94 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003463603-4 |access-date=2026-11-07 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-46360-3}}</ref>As she land, she start the school with 25 girls. She dey teach the girls catechism (Christian teachings), reading, writing, sewing, plus how dem go take manage house well. Dem dey hold the classes for the Manse inside Standfast Hall near Victoria Park for [[Cape Coast]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Girls Senior High, Cape Coast — History {{!}} SchoolsInGH |url=https://schoolsingh.com/schools/shs/wesley-girls-senior-high-cape-coast/history |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=schoolsingh.com |language=en}}</ref>Only 5 months after she come, on 8 February 1837, Harriet Wrigley die from malaria. <ref>{{Cite book |title=Education in Ghana: history and politics |date=2023 |publisher=Langaa Research & Publishing CIG |isbn=978-9956-553-16-7 |editor-last=Amoako-Gyampah |editor-first=Akwasi Kwarteng |location=Mankon, Bamenda |editor-last2=Lundt |editor-first2=Bea |editor-last3=Agyeman |editor-first3=Edmond Akwasi}}</ref>Later that same year, another woman called Elizabeth Waldron come take over as head of the school. She lead the school for 43 years and build the strong foundation wey later make the school grow become The Wesleyan Girls' School and Training Home<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pritchard |first=John |title=Methodists and Their Missionary Societies 1760-1900 |date=2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-317-09706-8}}</ref>. By 1884, the school don get strong name because of ein good academic performance. Because of this, the Methodist Church decide say dem go add a secondary school section to Wesley Girls'. As a result, the then headmaster of [[Mfantsipim School]], Reverend W. M. Canell, establish the secondary section with 20 girls.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Both the primary and secondary sections face some periods of closure because money no dey. For some time, dem join the secondary section with Mfantsipim School and call am Collegiate School. Later, for 1900, the secondary section separate again and become independent on ein own.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> '''<big>Development for Early 20th Century (1900s – 1920s)</big>''' Shortly after the school get back ein identity, H. J. Ellis lead the school till 1913. After she lef, some deaconess women manage the school for some time before Evelyn Bellamy come become headmistress for 1914 and stay for the position till 1943. During ein time as headmistress, on 8 June 1925, Dr. [[:en:James_Emman_Kwegyir_Aggrey|Kwegyir Aggrey]] visit the school for the Manse. For the school logbook, e write the famous words wey plenty people still quote today: "If you educate a boy, you educate one person; but if you educate a girl, you educate a whole family."<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> '''<big>Mid-Century Expansion</big>''' For 1951, the headmistress at that time, Olive Compton, permanently separate the secondary section from the primary school and move am go the school ein current location for Kakumdo. Na Olive Compton herself design the layout of the new campus. She take inspiration from HMS Excellence, one ship, so the school grounds get a design wey resemble ship structure<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref>. The last missionary headmistress, Clarice Garnett, take over leadership from 1960 to 1981. During ein leadership, she help establish the Science Sixth Form for the school. Even though Arts Sixth Form already dey from Olive Compton ein time, the addition of the Science Sixth Form mean say students fit complete all their Advanced Level (A-Level) studies inside Wesley Girls without transferring go another school <ref>{{Cite web |title=wey gey hey 96 yearbook - Flip eBook Pages 1-50 {{!}} AnyFlip |url=https://anyflip.com/fuge/cgsz/basic |access-date=2026-07-21 |website=anyflip.com}}</ref>. For 2003, Africa Almanac rank Wesley Girls' High School as 68th among the top 100 secondary schools in Africa. The ranking base on things like: quality of education, student participation and engagement, strength and activities of old students (alumnae), school reputation and profile, presence on the internet, and media and news visibility. This recognition show the strong academic reputation and influence wey Wesley Girls build over the years both for Ghana and across Africa <ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref>. == <big>Past and Present Headmistresses</big> == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Headmistress !Tenure !Year group |- |Harriet Wrigley |1836 – 1837 |— (Missionary/Founder) |- |Elizabeth Waldron |1837 – 1880 |— (Missionary) |- |H. J. Ellis |1900 – 1913 |— (Missionary) |- |Methodist Deaconesses |1913 – 1914 |— (Missionary) |- |Evelyn Bellamy |1914 – 1943 |— (Missionary) |- |Olive Compton |1943 – 1960 |— (Missionary) |- |Clarice Garnett |1960 – 1981 |— (Missionary) |- |Rosina Acheampong |1981 – 1997 |1958 |- |Nancy Thompson |1997 – 2003 |1960 |- | | | |- | | | |- | | | |- | | | |- | | | |} ==Notable alumni == * Rosina Acheampong, educationist, first female deputy director general of de GES, first Ghanaian headmistress of Wesley Girls High School * [[Jemila Abdulai]], blogger, writer den digital marketer * Barbara Frances Ackah-Yensu, justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * [[Rosamond Asiamah Nkansah]], 1st police woman insyd Ghana * [[Betty Acquah]], feminist painter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mtls.ca/issue17/art/|title=Art: Betty Acquah {{!}} Maple Tree Literary Supplement -issue17|website=www.mtls.ca|access-date=1 January 2025|date=2014}}</ref> * Adina, musician * [[Sophia Ophilia Adjeibea Adinyira]], justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2006 &ndash; 2019) *Dedo Difie Agyarko-Kusi, Ghana Ambassador to South Korea (2017–2021)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=9 November 2012|title=NPP Candidate Sure Of Winning Lower Manya Krobo Seat|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Peace FM Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204022444/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2 August 2017|title=President Akufo-Addo Swears In 4 Ambassadors, 1 High Commissioner|url=https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Presidency of Ghana|publisher=Communications Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204085543/https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref> * Agnes Aggrey-Orleans, Ghanaian diplomat * [[Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings]], member of parliament for Klottey Korle Constituency * [[Mabel Agyemang]], Chief Justice of de Turks and Caicos Islands,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Governor Dakin announces new judicial appointments|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/governor-dakin-announces-new-judicial-appointments|access-date=2021-01-09|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref> first female Chief Justice of [[The Gambia]] (2013–2014) * [[Ama Ata Aidoo]], award-winning author, academic, former Minister of Education * [[Sophia Akuffo]], 13th Chief Justice of Ghana * Patience Akyianu, banker; formerly managing director of Barclays Bank Ghana den currently CEO<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Akyianu |website=Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/power-ladies/patience-akyianu/ |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref> * Akosua Addai Amoo, sports journalist * Grace Amponsah-Ababio, retired diplomat * Abena Osei Asare, member of parliament for Atiwa East * [[Gladys Asmah]], former Minister of Fisheries * [[Becca (Ghanaian singer)|Becca]], musician * [[Sylvia Boye]], former Chief Executive den first female Registrar of West Africa Examinations Council * [[Mary Chinery-Hesse]], former civil servant den first female director of International Labor Organization, United Nations * [[Melody Millicent Danquah]], first female pilot insyd [[Africa]] * Mercy Yvonne Debrah-Karikari, first female to be Secretary to de Cabinet * [[Rita Akosua Dickson]], Vice Chancellor of [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] * Florence Dolphyne, first female Professor den first female Pro-vice Chancellor, [[University of Ghana]], Legon * Efua Dorkenoo, activist * Brigitte Dzogbenuku, Presidential candidate (2020) & Vice Presidential candidate (2016) for de Progressive People's Party * Constance Edjeani-Afenu, first female brigadier general of de Ghana Armed Forces, Deputy Military Adviser to Ghana ein permanent Mission insyd New York * Mary Grant, Ghana ein first female council of state member; first alumna to be a medical doctor * [[Afua Adwo Jectey Hesse]], chief executive officer of de Korle Bu Teaching Hospital * [[Avril Lovelace-Johnson]], Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Jennifer Koranteng, model den fashion designer * [[Angela Kyerematen-Jimoh]], business leader den Microsoft ein Financial Strategic Partnership Lead for Africa * Eva Lokko, engineer den former managing director of de Ghana Broadcasting Corporation * Alima Mahama, lawyer den former Minister for de affairs of women den kiddies insyd Ghana * [[Takyiwaa Manuh|Takyiwa Manuh]], Ghanaian academic den author * [[Joy Henrietta Mensa-Bonsu]], a law professor den Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Akosua Manu, deputy CEO of National Youth Authority * Joyce Bawah Mogtari, Lawyer den Former Deputy Minister of Transport<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Mahama Picks Joyce Bawa Mogtari As His Special Aide|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027061244/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|archive-date=2020-10-27}}</ref> * [[Emma Morrison]], television personality den media professional<ref>{{cite web|title=Emma on the ball|url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1139/emma-on-the-ball.html|website=Modern Ghana |access-date=1 January 2025|date=16 October 2009}}</ref> * Victoria Nyarko, Ghanaian politician, member of parliament insyd de first republic * [[Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang]], first female Vice-Chancellor of a state University insyd Ghana, First female Vice-Pee of Ghana * Rose Constance Owusu, former justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2008 &ndash; 2014) * [[Deborah Owusu-Bonsu]], musician, television presenter den model * [[Martha Ama Akyaa Pobee|Martha Akyaa Pobee]], Diplomat, Permanent Member to de United Nations, * [[Lucy Quist]], first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn CEO of a multinational telecommunications company insyd Ghana * [[Mabel Simpson]], fashion designer * [[Hanna Tetteh]], former Minister for Trade and Industry den former Minister for Foreign Affairs<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hannah Tetteh, Foreign Affairs Minister |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=1169# |access-date=1 January 2025|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> * [[Gertrude Torkornoo]], 15th Chief Justice of Ghana * Yvonne Tsikata, international economist den first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn vice pee for de World Bank * Julia Osei Tutu, wifey of Asantehene, Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II * [[Georgina Theodora Wood]], former police prosecution officer, first female Chief Justice of Ghana *Nana Oye Mansa Yeboaa, first female deputy Governor of de [[Bank of Ghana]], den former Ghanaian diplomat * Vida Yeboah, minister of state insyd de [[Rawlings government]], former Headmistress of Mfanstiman Girls' Secondary School == References == <references /> ==External links== {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Cape Coast]] [[Category:Girls' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1836]] [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:1836 establishments insyd de British Empire]] [[Category:Education insyd de Central Region (Ghana)]] [[Category:Methodist schools insyd Ghana]] oc2917y8lhci7er2jzchqg0l0eq3hf1 116181 116163 2026-11-07T16:28:47Z Richyella 7184 /* History */ 116181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wesley Girls' High School''' ('''WGHS''') be an educational institution give girlies insyd [[Cape Coast]] insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=We've made progress in Wesley Girls' school impasse— Peace Council|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/we-ve-made-progress-in-wesley-girls-school-impasse-peace-council.html|access-date=2021-05-20|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Na dem found am insyd 1836 by Harriet Wrigley, de wifey of a Methodist minister.<ref name="Adjei2007">{{cite book|author=Abyna-Ansaa Adjei|title=Ghana at 50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTcuAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=National Planning Committee, Ghana at 50|isbn=978-9988-0-9707-3|page=95}}</ref> Na dem name de school after de founder of Methodism, John Wesley. == History == <big>'''Founding Years'''</big> For 15 September 1836, Harriet Wrigley reach Cape Coast together with ein husband, Reverend George Wrigley, wey be the second Methodist missionary dem send come [[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]]. <ref>{{Citation |last=Micots |first=Courtnay |title=Gold Coast Italianate, Kwamin Atta Amonoo's Mansion on the Hill |date=2026-03-18 |work=African Mansions on the Gold Coast |pages=77–94 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003463603-4 |access-date=2026-11-07 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-46360-3}}</ref>As she land, she start the school with 25 girls. She dey teach the girls catechism (Christian teachings), reading, writing, sewing, plus how dem go take manage house well. Dem dey hold the classes for the Manse inside Standfast Hall near Victoria Park for [[Cape Coast]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Girls Senior High, Cape Coast — History {{!}} SchoolsInGH |url=https://schoolsingh.com/schools/shs/wesley-girls-senior-high-cape-coast/history |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=schoolsingh.com |language=en}}</ref>Only 5 months after she come, on 8 February 1837, Harriet Wrigley die from malaria. <ref>{{Cite book |title=Education in Ghana: history and politics |date=2023 |publisher=Langaa Research & Publishing CIG |isbn=978-9956-553-16-7 |editor-last=Amoako-Gyampah |editor-first=Akwasi Kwarteng |location=Mankon, Bamenda |editor-last2=Lundt |editor-first2=Bea |editor-last3=Agyeman |editor-first3=Edmond Akwasi}}</ref>Later that same year, another woman called Elizabeth Waldron come take over as head of the school. She lead the school for 43 years and build the strong foundation wey later make the school grow become The Wesleyan Girls' School and Training Home<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pritchard |first=John |title=Methodists and Their Missionary Societies 1760-1900 |date=2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-317-09706-8}}</ref>. By 1884, the school don get strong name because of ein good academic performance. Because of this, the Methodist Church decide say dem go add a secondary school section to Wesley Girls'. As a result, the then headmaster of [[Mfantsipim School]], Reverend W. M. Canell, establish the secondary section with 20 girls.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Both the primary and secondary sections face some periods of closure because money no dey. For some time, dem join the secondary section with Mfantsipim School and call am Collegiate School. Later, for 1900, the secondary section separate again and become independent on ein own.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> '''<big>Development for Early 20th Century (1900s – 1920s)</big>''' Shortly after the school get back ein identity, H. J. Ellis lead the school till 1913. After she lef, some deaconess women manage the school for some time before Evelyn Bellamy come become headmistress for 1914 and stay for the position till 1943. During ein time as headmistress, on 8 June 1925, Dr. [[:en:James_Emman_Kwegyir_Aggrey|Kwegyir Aggrey]] visit the school for the Manse. For the school logbook, e write the famous words wey plenty people still quote today: "If you educate a boy, you educate one person; but if you educate a girl, you educate a whole family."<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> '''<big>Mid-Century Expansion</big>''' For 1951, the headmistress at that time, Olive Compton, permanently separate the secondary section from the primary school and move am go the school ein current location for Kakumdo. Na Olive Compton herself design the layout of the new campus. She take inspiration from HMS Excellence, one ship, so the school grounds get a design wey resemble ship structure<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref>. The last missionary headmistress, Clarice Garnett, take over leadership from 1960 to 1981. During ein leadership, she help establish the Science Sixth Form for the school. Even though Arts Sixth Form already dey from Olive Compton ein time, the addition of the Science Sixth Form mean say students fit complete all their Advanced Level (A-Level) studies inside Wesley Girls without transferring go another school <ref>{{Cite web |title=wey gey hey 96 yearbook - Flip eBook Pages 1-50 {{!}} AnyFlip |url=https://anyflip.com/fuge/cgsz/basic |access-date=2026-07-21 |website=anyflip.com}}</ref>. For 2003, Africa Almanac rank Wesley Girls' High School as 68th among the top 100 secondary schools in Africa. The ranking base on things like: quality of education, student participation and engagement, strength and activities of old students (alumnae), school reputation and profile, presence on the internet, and media and news visibility. This recognition show the strong academic reputation and influence wey Wesley Girls build over the years both for Ghana and across Africa <ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref>. == <big>Past and Present Headmistresses</big> == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Headmistress !Tenure !Year group |- |Harriet Wrigley |1836 – 1837 |— (Missionary/Founder) |- |Elizabeth Waldron |1837 – 1880 |— (Missionary) |- |H. J. Ellis |1900 – 1913 |— (Missionary) |- |Methodist Deaconesses |1913 – 1914 |— (Missionary) |- |Evelyn Bellamy |1914 – 1943 |— (Missionary) |- |Olive Compton |1943 – 1960 |— (Missionary) |- |Clarice Garnett |1960 – 1981 |— (Missionary) |- |Rosina Acheampong |1981 – 1997 |1958 |- |Nancy Thompson |1997 – 2003 |1960 |- |Betty Djokoto |2003 – 2017 |1975 |- |Kay Oppong-Ankomah |2018 – 2023 |1980 |- |Jeanette Ruby Siameh |2023 – 2026 |1983 |- |Evelyn Nana Afua Assan |2026 – present |1995 |} ==Notable alumni == * Rosina Acheampong, educationist, first female deputy director general of de GES, first Ghanaian headmistress of Wesley Girls High School * [[Jemila Abdulai]], blogger, writer den digital marketer * Barbara Frances Ackah-Yensu, justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * [[Rosamond Asiamah Nkansah]], 1st police woman insyd Ghana * [[Betty Acquah]], feminist painter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mtls.ca/issue17/art/|title=Art: Betty Acquah {{!}} Maple Tree Literary Supplement -issue17|website=www.mtls.ca|access-date=1 January 2025|date=2014}}</ref> * Adina, musician * [[Sophia Ophilia Adjeibea Adinyira]], justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2006 &ndash; 2019) *Dedo Difie Agyarko-Kusi, Ghana Ambassador to South Korea (2017–2021)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=9 November 2012|title=NPP Candidate Sure Of Winning Lower Manya Krobo Seat|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Peace FM Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204022444/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2 August 2017|title=President Akufo-Addo Swears In 4 Ambassadors, 1 High Commissioner|url=https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Presidency of Ghana|publisher=Communications Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204085543/https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref> * Agnes Aggrey-Orleans, Ghanaian diplomat * [[Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings]], member of parliament for Klottey Korle Constituency * [[Mabel Agyemang]], Chief Justice of de Turks and Caicos Islands,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Governor Dakin announces new judicial appointments|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/governor-dakin-announces-new-judicial-appointments|access-date=2021-01-09|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref> first female Chief Justice of [[The Gambia]] (2013–2014) * [[Ama Ata Aidoo]], award-winning author, academic, former Minister of Education * [[Sophia Akuffo]], 13th Chief Justice of Ghana * Patience Akyianu, banker; formerly managing director of Barclays Bank Ghana den currently CEO<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Akyianu |website=Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/power-ladies/patience-akyianu/ |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref> * Akosua Addai Amoo, sports journalist * Grace Amponsah-Ababio, retired diplomat * Abena Osei Asare, member of parliament for Atiwa East * [[Gladys Asmah]], former Minister of Fisheries * [[Becca (Ghanaian singer)|Becca]], musician * [[Sylvia Boye]], former Chief Executive den first female Registrar of West Africa Examinations Council * [[Mary Chinery-Hesse]], former civil servant den first female director of International Labor Organization, United Nations * [[Melody Millicent Danquah]], first female pilot insyd [[Africa]] * Mercy Yvonne Debrah-Karikari, first female to be Secretary to de Cabinet * [[Rita Akosua Dickson]], Vice Chancellor of [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] * Florence Dolphyne, first female Professor den first female Pro-vice Chancellor, [[University of Ghana]], Legon * Efua Dorkenoo, activist * Brigitte Dzogbenuku, Presidential candidate (2020) & Vice Presidential candidate (2016) for de Progressive People's Party * Constance Edjeani-Afenu, first female brigadier general of de Ghana Armed Forces, Deputy Military Adviser to Ghana ein permanent Mission insyd New York * Mary Grant, Ghana ein first female council of state member; first alumna to be a medical doctor * [[Afua Adwo Jectey Hesse]], chief executive officer of de Korle Bu Teaching Hospital * [[Avril Lovelace-Johnson]], Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Jennifer Koranteng, model den fashion designer * [[Angela Kyerematen-Jimoh]], business leader den Microsoft ein Financial Strategic Partnership Lead for Africa * Eva Lokko, engineer den former managing director of de Ghana Broadcasting Corporation * Alima Mahama, lawyer den former Minister for de affairs of women den kiddies insyd Ghana * [[Takyiwaa Manuh|Takyiwa Manuh]], Ghanaian academic den author * [[Joy Henrietta Mensa-Bonsu]], a law professor den Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Akosua Manu, deputy CEO of National Youth Authority * Joyce Bawah Mogtari, Lawyer den Former Deputy Minister of Transport<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Mahama Picks Joyce Bawa Mogtari As His Special Aide|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027061244/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|archive-date=2020-10-27}}</ref> * [[Emma Morrison]], television personality den media professional<ref>{{cite web|title=Emma on the ball|url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1139/emma-on-the-ball.html|website=Modern Ghana |access-date=1 January 2025|date=16 October 2009}}</ref> * Victoria Nyarko, Ghanaian politician, member of parliament insyd de first republic * [[Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang]], first female Vice-Chancellor of a state University insyd Ghana, First female Vice-Pee of Ghana * Rose Constance Owusu, former justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2008 &ndash; 2014) * [[Deborah Owusu-Bonsu]], musician, television presenter den model * [[Martha Ama Akyaa Pobee|Martha Akyaa Pobee]], Diplomat, Permanent Member to de United Nations, * [[Lucy Quist]], first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn CEO of a multinational telecommunications company insyd Ghana * [[Mabel Simpson]], fashion designer * [[Hanna Tetteh]], former Minister for Trade and Industry den former Minister for Foreign Affairs<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hannah Tetteh, Foreign Affairs Minister |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=1169# |access-date=1 January 2025|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> * [[Gertrude Torkornoo]], 15th Chief Justice of Ghana * Yvonne Tsikata, international economist den first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn vice pee for de World Bank * Julia Osei Tutu, wifey of Asantehene, Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II * [[Georgina Theodora Wood]], former police prosecution officer, first female Chief Justice of Ghana *Nana Oye Mansa Yeboaa, first female deputy Governor of de [[Bank of Ghana]], den former Ghanaian diplomat * Vida Yeboah, minister of state insyd de [[Rawlings government]], former Headmistress of Mfanstiman Girls' Secondary School == References == <references /> ==External links== {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Cape Coast]] [[Category:Girls' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1836]] [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:1836 establishments insyd de British Empire]] [[Category:Education insyd de Central Region (Ghana)]] [[Category:Methodist schools insyd Ghana]] hepizndfrjta91o2r7wa96g383mxwzl 116272 116181 2026-11-07T16:48:53Z Richyella 7184 /* History */ 116272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wesley Girls' High School''' ('''WGHS''') be an educational institution give girlies insyd [[Cape Coast]] insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=We've made progress in Wesley Girls' school impasse— Peace Council|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/we-ve-made-progress-in-wesley-girls-school-impasse-peace-council.html|access-date=2021-05-20|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Na dem found am insyd 1836 by Harriet Wrigley, de wifey of a Methodist minister.<ref name="Adjei2007">{{cite book|author=Abyna-Ansaa Adjei|title=Ghana at 50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTcuAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=National Planning Committee, Ghana at 50|isbn=978-9988-0-9707-3|page=95}}</ref> Na dem name de school after de founder of Methodism, John Wesley. == History == <big>'''Founding Years'''</big> For 15 September 1836, Harriet Wrigley reach Cape Coast together with ein husband, Reverend George Wrigley, wey be the second Methodist missionary dem send come [[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]]. <ref>{{Citation |last=Micots |first=Courtnay |title=Gold Coast Italianate, Kwamin Atta Amonoo's Mansion on the Hill |date=2026-03-18 |work=African Mansions on the Gold Coast |pages=77–94 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003463603-4 |access-date=2026-11-07 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-46360-3}}</ref>As she land, she start the school with 25 girls. She dey teach the girls catechism (Christian teachings), reading, writing, sewing, plus how dem go take manage house well. Dem dey hold the classes for the Manse inside Standfast Hall near Victoria Park for [[Cape Coast]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Girls Senior High, Cape Coast — History {{!}} SchoolsInGH |url=https://schoolsingh.com/schools/shs/wesley-girls-senior-high-cape-coast/history |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=schoolsingh.com |language=en}}</ref>Only 5 months after she come, on 8 February 1837, Harriet Wrigley die from malaria. <ref>{{Cite book |title=Education in Ghana: history and politics |date=2023 |publisher=Langaa Research & Publishing CIG |isbn=978-9956-553-16-7 |editor-last=Amoako-Gyampah |editor-first=Akwasi Kwarteng |location=Mankon, Bamenda |editor-last2=Lundt |editor-first2=Bea |editor-last3=Agyeman |editor-first3=Edmond Akwasi}}</ref>Later that same year, another woman called Elizabeth Waldron come take over as head of the school. She lead the school for 43 years and build the strong foundation wey later make the school grow become The Wesleyan Girls' School and Training Home<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pritchard |first=John |title=Methodists and Their Missionary Societies 1760-1900 |date=2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-317-09706-8}}</ref>. By 1884, the school don get strong name because of ein good academic performance. Because of this, the Methodist Church decide say dem go add a secondary school section to Wesley Girls'. As a result, the then headmaster of [[Mfantsipim School]], Reverend W. M. Canell, establish the secondary section with 20 girls.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Both the primary and secondary sections face some periods of closure because money no dey. For some time, dem join the secondary section with Mfantsipim School and call am Collegiate School. Later, for 1900, the secondary section separate again and become independent on ein own.<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> '''<big>Development for Early 20th Century (1900s – 1920s)</big>''' Shortly after the school get back ein identity, H. J. Ellis lead the school till 1913. After she lef, some deaconess women manage the school for some time before Evelyn Bellamy come become headmistress for 1914 and stay for the position till 1943. During ein time as headmistress, on 8 June 1925, Dr. [[:en:James_Emman_Kwegyir_Aggrey|Kwegyir Aggrey]] visit the school for the Manse. For the school logbook, e write the famous words wey plenty people still quote today: "If you educate a boy, you educate one person; but if you educate a girl, you educate a whole family."<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> '''<big>Mid-Century Expansion</big>''' For 1951, the headmistress at that time, Olive Compton, permanently separate the secondary section from the primary school and move am go the school ein current location for Kakumdo. Na Olive Compton herself design the layout of the new campus. She take inspiration from HMS Excellence, one ship, so the school grounds get a design wey resemble ship structure<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref>. The last missionary headmistress, Clarice Garnett, take over leadership from 1960 to 1981. During ein leadership, she help establish the Science Sixth Form for the school. Even though Arts Sixth Form already dey from Olive Compton ein time, the addition of the Science Sixth Form mean say students fit complete all their Advanced Level (A-Level) studies inside Wesley Girls without transferring go another school <ref>{{Cite web |title=wey gey hey 96 yearbook - Flip eBook Pages 1-50 {{!}} AnyFlip |url=https://anyflip.com/fuge/cgsz/basic |access-date=2026-07-21 |website=anyflip.com}}</ref>. For 2003, Africa Almanac rank Wesley Girls' High School as 68th among the top 100 secondary schools in Africa. The ranking base on things like: quality of education, student participation and engagement, strength and activities of old students (alumnae), school reputation and profile, presence on the internet, and media and news visibility. This recognition show the strong academic reputation and influence wey Wesley Girls build over the years both for Ghana and across Africa <ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref>. == <big>Past and Present Headmistresses</big> == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Headmistress !Tenure !Year group |- |Harriet Wrigley |1836 – 1837 |— (Missionary/Founder) |- |Elizabeth Waldron |1837 – 1880 |— (Missionary) |- |H. J. Ellis |1900 – 1913 |— (Missionary) |- |Methodist Deaconesses |1913 – 1914 |— (Missionary) |- |Evelyn Bellamy |1914 – 1943 |— (Missionary) |- |Olive Compton |1943 – 1960 |— (Missionary) |- |Clarice Garnett |1960 – 1981 |— (Missionary) |- |Rosina Acheampong |1981 – 1997 |1958 |- |Nancy Thompson |1997 – 2003 |1960 |- |Betty Djokoto |2003 – 2017 |1975 |- |Kay Oppong-Ankomah |2018 – 2023 |1980 |- |Jeanette Ruby Siameh |2023 – 2026 |1983 |- |Evelyn Nana Afua Assan |2026 – present |1995 |} == <big>Curriculum</big> == * Home Economics * Business * General Science * Visual Arts * General Arts<ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> == <big>Campus and Architecture</big> == '''Location and How the Buildings Start''' Wesley Girls dey for [[Kakumdo]], one suburb for [[Cape Coast]]. The school dey about 5 kilometres from the Atlantic Ocean shoreline and e dey among plenty educational institutions, including the nearby [[University of Cape Coast]] (UCC) <ref>{{Citation |title=Wesley Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-10-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1381651737 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref>. The first buildings wey dem build for the Kakumdo campus, including the chapel, Wallisberg House (wey get the names Waldron, Ellis, Bellamy and Wrigley), plus the original classroom blocks, be two British architects, [[:en:Maxwell_Fry|Maxwell Fry]] and [[:en:Jane_Drew|Jane Drew]], design dem. Dem use one architectural style wey dem call Tropical Modernism <ref>{{Cite web |last=Toye |first=Adefolatomiwa |date=2024-03-19 |title=Tropical Modernism: Architecture and Independence at V&amp;A reintroduces Indian and Ghanaian pioneers of the style |url=https://doi.org/10.64628/ab.h7jtuky5h |access-date=2026-11-07 |website=doi.org}}</ref>. This style adapt modern European building designs make e fit suit the hot and humid climate wey Gold Coast (now Ghana) get at that time. The design make the buildings more comfortable for the tropical weather. No be only Wesley Girls dem design for. The same architects also design buildings for other famous schools like: [[Mfantsipim School]], wey be Wesley Girls ein sister school and [[Aburi Girls' Senior High School]]. Because of this unique design and history, some of the old buildings for Wesley Girls still stand as important examples of early modern school architecture for Ghana. ==Notable alumni == * Rosina Acheampong, educationist, first female deputy director general of de GES, first Ghanaian headmistress of Wesley Girls High School * [[Jemila Abdulai]], blogger, writer den digital marketer * Barbara Frances Ackah-Yensu, justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * [[Rosamond Asiamah Nkansah]], 1st police woman insyd Ghana * [[Betty Acquah]], feminist painter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mtls.ca/issue17/art/|title=Art: Betty Acquah {{!}} Maple Tree Literary Supplement -issue17|website=www.mtls.ca|access-date=1 January 2025|date=2014}}</ref> * Adina, musician * [[Sophia Ophilia Adjeibea Adinyira]], justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2006 &ndash; 2019) *Dedo Difie Agyarko-Kusi, Ghana Ambassador to South Korea (2017–2021)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=9 November 2012|title=NPP Candidate Sure Of Winning Lower Manya Krobo Seat|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Peace FM Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204022444/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201211/145090.php|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2 August 2017|title=President Akufo-Addo Swears In 4 Ambassadors, 1 High Commissioner|url=https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|access-date=4 December 2021|website=Presidency of Ghana|publisher=Communications Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204085543/https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/324-president-akufo-addo-swears-in-4-ambassadors-1-high-commissioner|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref> * Agnes Aggrey-Orleans, Ghanaian diplomat * [[Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings]], member of parliament for Klottey Korle Constituency * [[Mabel Agyemang]], Chief Justice of de Turks and Caicos Islands,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Governor Dakin announces new judicial appointments|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/governor-dakin-announces-new-judicial-appointments|access-date=2021-01-09|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref> first female Chief Justice of [[The Gambia]] (2013–2014) * [[Ama Ata Aidoo]], award-winning author, academic, former Minister of Education * [[Sophia Akuffo]], 13th Chief Justice of Ghana * Patience Akyianu, banker; formerly managing director of Barclays Bank Ghana den currently CEO<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Akyianu |website=Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/power-ladies/patience-akyianu/ |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref> * Akosua Addai Amoo, sports journalist * Grace Amponsah-Ababio, retired diplomat * Abena Osei Asare, member of parliament for Atiwa East * [[Gladys Asmah]], former Minister of Fisheries * [[Becca (Ghanaian singer)|Becca]], musician * [[Sylvia Boye]], former Chief Executive den first female Registrar of West Africa Examinations Council * [[Mary Chinery-Hesse]], former civil servant den first female director of International Labor Organization, United Nations * [[Melody Millicent Danquah]], first female pilot insyd [[Africa]] * Mercy Yvonne Debrah-Karikari, first female to be Secretary to de Cabinet * [[Rita Akosua Dickson]], Vice Chancellor of [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] * Florence Dolphyne, first female Professor den first female Pro-vice Chancellor, [[University of Ghana]], Legon * Efua Dorkenoo, activist * Brigitte Dzogbenuku, Presidential candidate (2020) & Vice Presidential candidate (2016) for de Progressive People's Party * Constance Edjeani-Afenu, first female brigadier general of de Ghana Armed Forces, Deputy Military Adviser to Ghana ein permanent Mission insyd New York * Mary Grant, Ghana ein first female council of state member; first alumna to be a medical doctor * [[Afua Adwo Jectey Hesse]], chief executive officer of de Korle Bu Teaching Hospital * [[Avril Lovelace-Johnson]], Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Jennifer Koranteng, model den fashion designer * [[Angela Kyerematen-Jimoh]], business leader den Microsoft ein Financial Strategic Partnership Lead for Africa * Eva Lokko, engineer den former managing director of de Ghana Broadcasting Corporation * Alima Mahama, lawyer den former Minister for de affairs of women den kiddies insyd Ghana * [[Takyiwaa Manuh|Takyiwa Manuh]], Ghanaian academic den author * [[Joy Henrietta Mensa-Bonsu]], a law professor den Justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana * Akosua Manu, deputy CEO of National Youth Authority * Joyce Bawah Mogtari, Lawyer den Former Deputy Minister of Transport<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Mahama Picks Joyce Bawa Mogtari As His Special Aide|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027061244/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201702/305786.php|archive-date=2020-10-27}}</ref> * [[Emma Morrison]], television personality den media professional<ref>{{cite web|title=Emma on the ball|url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1139/emma-on-the-ball.html|website=Modern Ghana |access-date=1 January 2025|date=16 October 2009}}</ref> * Victoria Nyarko, Ghanaian politician, member of parliament insyd de first republic * [[Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang]], first female Vice-Chancellor of a state University insyd Ghana, First female Vice-Pee of Ghana * Rose Constance Owusu, former justice of de Supreme Court of Ghana (2008 &ndash; 2014) * [[Deborah Owusu-Bonsu]], musician, television presenter den model * [[Martha Ama Akyaa Pobee|Martha Akyaa Pobee]], Diplomat, Permanent Member to de United Nations, * [[Lucy Quist]], first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn CEO of a multinational telecommunications company insyd Ghana * [[Mabel Simpson]], fashion designer * [[Hanna Tetteh]], former Minister for Trade and Industry den former Minister for Foreign Affairs<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hannah Tetteh, Foreign Affairs Minister |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=1169# |access-date=1 January 2025|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> * [[Gertrude Torkornoo]], 15th Chief Justice of Ghana * Yvonne Tsikata, international economist den first Ghanaian woman make she cam turn vice pee for de World Bank * Julia Osei Tutu, wifey of Asantehene, Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II * [[Georgina Theodora Wood]], former police prosecution officer, first female Chief Justice of Ghana *Nana Oye Mansa Yeboaa, first female deputy Governor of de [[Bank of Ghana]], den former Ghanaian diplomat * Vida Yeboah, minister of state insyd de [[Rawlings government]], former Headmistress of Mfanstiman Girls' Secondary School == References == <references /> ==External links== {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Cape Coast]] [[Category:Girls' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1836]] [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:1836 establishments insyd de British Empire]] [[Category:Education insyd de Central Region (Ghana)]] [[Category:Methodist schools insyd Ghana]] es5bmfdbirn9idpt4v8ljuq2nihidsg 0 5312 116389 77774 2026-11-08T05:12:33Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="5" |Lagos State University of Science and Technology | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Lagos_state_polytechnic,_Ikorodu.jpg|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |<div lang="English">Mission and Professionalism</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Type | class="infobox-data" |Public |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Established | class="infobox-data" |1977<span style="display:none">&nbsp;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1977</span>)</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |<span class="nowrap">Vice-Chancellor</span> | class="infobox-data" |Professor Olumuyiwa O. Odusanya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Academic staff</div> | class="infobox-data" |Above 808 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Students | class="infobox-data" |6,000 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Location | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="locality" style="display:inline">Ikorodu, Lagos State</div>, <div class="country-name" style="display:inline">Nigeria</div><br /><br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Campus | class="infobox-data" |Ikorodu, Isolo, Surulere |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Colors | class="infobox-data" |  <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;">&nbsp;</span> Red den blue |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://web.archive.org/web/20240604203703/https://lasustech.edu.ng/ lasustech.edu.ng]</span> |} '''Lagos State University of Science and Technology''' be government-owned tertiary institution wey dey locate insyd Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria. Dem formerly kno de institution as '''Lagos State College of Science and Technology''' (LACOSTECH) wey later dem change go '''Lagos State Polytechnic''' (LASPOTECH).<ref>[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/tag/lagos-state-university-of-science-and-technology-lasust "Lagos State University of Science and Technology (LASUST) Archives | Premium Times Nigeria"]. Retrieved 23 March 2022.</ref> == History == De Lagos State University of Science and Technology (formerly dem know am as Lagos State Polytechnic) na dem establish am plus de promulgation of Lagos State Edict No. 1 of 1978 plus retroactive effect from June 1, 1977. De Institution commence classes insyd January, 1978 for temporary site (now de Isolo Campus) plus five Departments namely, Accountancy, Business administration, Banking den finance, Marketing den Insurance. For 1 August 1978, dem merge de School of Agriculture insyd Ikorodu plus de Institution wey e cam turn de nucleus of de present–day permanent site for Ikorodu. Insyd 1986, de Lagos State Government change de name of de Institution from Lagos State College of Science and technology, (LACOSTECH) to Lagos State Polytechnic (LASPOTECH). Na dem convert de institution into university of Science and Technology sequel to de signing of fresh bill into law by de Governor of Lagos State Mr. Olusola Babajide Sanwo-Olu for Wednesday, 2nd February, 2022. For Tuesday, 8 February 2022, de Executive Secretary of de National Universities Commission (NUC), Prof. Abubakar Adamu-Rasheed mni,mfr, officially present de certificate of de University to de Governor of Lagos State Mr. Babajide Olusola Sanwo-Olu for de NUC Secretariat Abuja. == Colleges == De NUC conduct series of resource verification visit insyd September 2022. Thus, dem get de approval make dem commence 38 academic programmes for dema 5 colleges insyd. * College of Agriculture: Agricultural Economics & Farm Management - Crop Production - Agricultural Extension & Rural Development - Horticulture & Landscape Management - Animal Production - Aquaculture & Fisheries Management * College of Engineering: Computer Engineering - Civil and Construction Engineering - Electrical/Electronics Engineering - Biotechnology den Food Technology - Mechanical Engineering - Mechatronics - Agricultural Engineering - Chemical Engineering * College of Environmental Design den Technology: Architecture - Estate Management den Valuation - Quantity Surveying - Urban den Regional Planning - Art den Industrial Design - Building Technology * College of Basic Sciences: Industrial Chemistry - Chemistry - Mathematics - Industrial Mathematics - Microbiology - Botany - Zoology - Physics plus Electronics - Computer Science * College of Applied Social Sciences: Economic Science - Mass Communication - Accounting - Actuarial Science - Banking den Finance - Marketing - Office den Information Technology - Business Administration - Insurance - Tourism & Hospitality Management De University currently get staff strength of 808 plus 38 accredited programs across de various colleges. == Notable alumni == * Yinka Durosinmi * Adekunle Gold * Iyabo Ojo * Seun Bamiro * [https://www.linkedin.com/in/prof-wasiu-babalola-fih Professor Wasiu Adeyemo Babalola] == Architectures den monuments == <gallery mode="packed" caption="Campus of LASPOTECH"> File:Department of Computer engineering, Laspotech.jpg|Department of Computer engineering, Laspotech File:School of environmental studies, Laspotech.jpg|School of environmental studies, Laspotech File:LASPOTECH LIBRARY COMPLEX.jpg|Laspotech Library Complex File:ICT center of LASPOTECH.jpg|Laspotech ICT center File:ESTATE MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT, LASPOTECH IKORODU.jpg|Estate Management Department, Laspotech Ikorodu </gallery> == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240603180708/https://mylaspotech.edu.ng/ Official website] * NAN (May 7, 2018) [https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2017/05/nipoga-2017-laspotech-clinches-top-position-with-16-gold/ NIPOGA 2017: LASPOTECH clinches top position with 16 gold] The News (Nigeria) * AJASA INFO (NOVEMBER 23, 2020) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220911114734/https://ajasainfo.com/2020/11/23/lasg-appoints-new-rector-for-lagos-state-polytechnic-ajasa-info/ LASG Appoints New Rector For The Lagos State Polytechnic] AJASA INFO (Nigeria) [[Category:Technological universities insyd Nigeria]] [[Category:Education insyd Lagos State]] [[Category:Public universities insyd Nigeria]] [[Category:State universities insyd Nigeria]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1977]] [[Category:Universities den colleges dem establish insyd 1977]] [[Category:1977 establishments insyd Nigeria]] ckf8i3v4jz5ky29iu5df3o74i2wjnxu 0 5473 116410 78413 2026-11-08T07:07:09Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Omar Al-Mukhtar University''' be public varsity insyd Bayda, Libya. Ebe de third largest varsity insyd Libya after de University of Tripoli den de University of Benghazi. Na dem found am insyd 1961 wey e grow make ebe moderately religious institute wey dey teach practice wey dey regard scripture reading den interpretation. However, after Muammar Gaddafi ein 1969 coup d'état, na dem implement educational reforms wey cause de shut down of de Islamic departments wey dem replace dem plus scientific departments. Wey ebe de first varsity insyd Bayda city. De varsity get four campuses insyd de cities wey dey follow, Bayda (de Old varsity den de New varsity), Al Qubah, Derna (Derna University) den Tobruk (Tobruk University). Eget twenty faculties for all campuses top,<ref>[http://emundusgreenit.uvigo.es/en/omar-al-mukhtar-university#Number_of_Campus "Omar Al-Mukhtar University | Erasmus Mundus GreenIT"]. ''emundusgreenit.uvigo.es''. Retrieved 2017-11-03.</ref> wey edey educate students from chaw locations, wey dey include Malta, Cyprus, [[Egypt]], Malaysia, Indonesia, [[Sudan]], den [[Chad]].<ref>[http://emundusgreenit.uvigo.es/en/omar-al-mukhtar-university#General_information_about_the_University "Omar Al-Mukhtar University | Erasmus Mundus GreenIT"]. ''emundusgreenit.uvigo.es''. Retrieved 2017-11-03.</ref> De Agriculture Building be de oldest for de Bayda campus top wey ebe alone capable of make e house several thousand students, OAMU now dey host twenty-three faculties for four campuses top wich dey follow de General People's Committee for Higher Education wey dem officially accredit den recognize am by de Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Libya.<ref>[https://www.unirank.org/ly/uni/omar-al-mukhtar-university/ "Omar Al-Mukhtar University | Ranking & Review"]. ''www.unirank.org''. Retrieved 2017-11-03.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100219220651/http://www.omu.edu.ly/ Official website] (insyd Arabic) [[Category:Universities insyd Libya]] [[Category:Universities den colleges dem establish insyd 1961]] [[Category:1961 establishments insyd Libya]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1961]] [[Category:Education insyd Libya]] klz68ethxj54uix00txix6uwx6wx1i3 0 5702 116361 32757 2026-11-07T20:19:03Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gulu University''' ('''GU''') be varsity insyd [[Uganda]]. Ebe one of de nine public varsities insyd de country, as of September 2016.<ref>Editorial (10 September 2016). [http://allafrica.com/stories/201609160964.html "Uganda: Don't Create Universities the Way You Do Districts"]. ''The Observer (Uganda) via AllAfrica.com''. Kampala. Retrieved 27 October 2016.</ref> == Location == As of October 2016, GU get three campuses. (a) De main campus be approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi), by road, north-east of de central business district of Gulu, de largest city insyd de Uganda ein Northern Region. Dis be approximately 333 kilometres (207 mi), by road, north of Kampala, Uganda ein capital den largest city.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Gulu/Kampala/@1.5599835,31.174661,8z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1771a65c0fc42a27:0xce6ef3d1c3d80e06!2m2!1d32.2880726!2d2.7724038!1m5!1m1!1s0x177dbc0f9d74b39b:0x4538903dd96b6fec!2m2!1d32.5825197!2d0.3475964!3e0 "Road Distance Between Kampala And Gulu"]. Retrieved 26 December 2020.</ref> (b) De second campus dey insyd de town of Kitgum, approximately 104 kilometres (65 mi), by road, north-east of Gulu, <ref>Google (26 December 2020). [https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Gulu/Kitgum/@3.0313565,32.3270981,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1771a65c0fc42a27:0xce6ef3d1c3d80e06!2m2!1d32.2880726!2d2.7724038!1m5!1m1!1s0x1773e5518de5f533:0xf186ad6436f26449!2m2!1d32.8789499!2d3.2884847!3e0 "Distance Between Gulu, Uganda and Kitgum, Northern Region, Uganda"] (Map). ''Google Maps''. Google. Retrieved 26 December 2020.</ref>close to de international border plus [[South Sudan]]. Dat campus cam turn operational insyd 2011.<ref name=":0">Advertisement (9 January 2016). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/digital_assets/620f92aa-024c-4a1e-98ba-efa57d848816/ST1SAV090116.p22-NEW.pdf "Gulu University"] (PDF). ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 27 October 2016.</ref> (c) Upon de request of de Kingdom of Bunyoro, de varsity establish campus insyd de city of Hoima, wey dey offer agriculture, environment, computer science, information technology, business studies, accounting den education.<ref name=":0" /> == History == Na dem establish GU by Act 7 of 2001 of de Parliament of Uganda. Na dem subsequently amend dat Act by Act 3 of 2006. De varsity admit ein first students den commence teaching activities insyd September 2002.<ref>David Tash Lumu (28 January 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20151211004246/http://observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2248:interview-gulu-university-eyes-colleges-in-lira-arua&catid=34:news&Itemid=114 "Interview: Gulu University Eyes Colleges In Lira, Arua"]. ''The Observer (Uganda)''. Kampala. Retrieved 19 October 2014.</ref> == Academic courses == === Undergraduate programs === As of January 2016, the following undergraduate academic degree courses were offered at GU, according to an advertisement placed in the New Vision by the university. ==== Faculty of Agriculture and the Environment ==== * Bachelor of Agriculture * Bachelor of Science in Biosystems Engineering * Bachelor of Science in Agri-Entrepreneurship and Communication Management * Bachelor of Science in Food and Agribusiness ==== Faculty of Business and Development Studies ==== * Bachelor of Business Administration * Bachelor of Public Administration * Bachelor of Development Studies * Bachelor of Science in Economics * Bachelor of Quantitative Economics ==== Faculty of Law ==== * Bachelor of Laws ==== Faculty of Education den Humanities ==== * Bachelor of Arts Education * Bachelor of Business Education * Bachelor of Education Primary ==== Faculty of Medicine ==== * Bachelor of Medicine den Bachelor of Surgery ==== Faculty of Science ==== * Bachelor of Science Education in Biological Sciences * Bachelor of Science Education in Physical Sciences * Bachelor of Science Education in Economics * Bachelor of Science Education in Sport Science * Bachelor of Science in Computer Science * Bachelor of Information den Communication Technology === Postgraduate programs === Dem dey offer de postgraduate degree courses wey dey follow for GU insyd January 2016.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Faculty of Medicine ==== * Master of Medicine in Surgery * Master of Medical Anthropology ==== Faculty of Business den Development Studies ==== * Master of Business Administration * Master of Arts in Public Administration & Management * Master of Arts in Conflict Transformation Studies * Master of Arts in Governance den Ethics ==== Faculty of Science ==== * Master of Science in Applied Tropical Entomology den Parasitology * Master of Science in Agri-Enterprises Development * Master of Science in Food Security den Community Nutrition == Students == Insyd July 2014, GU admit 2,500 privately students dem sponsor den approximately 250 government-sponsored students. Na de total student population insyd 2014 be about 5,000, wey dey include diploma, undergraduate, den postgraduate programme enrollees.<ref name="Admit">Innocent Anguyo, and Conan Businge (31 July 2014). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/658237-gulu-busitema-and-mbarara-admit-6-000.html "Gulu, Busitema And Mbarara Admit 6,000"]. ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 11 January 2016.</ref> == Staff == As of january 2013, GU employ 421 full-time staff, of whom na 241 be academic staff den 180 be non-teaching staff.<ref name=":0" /> As of August 2013, de university get shortage of 73 academic staff, according to Vice Chancellor Jack Nyeko Pen-Mogi.<ref>Kashaka, Umaru (5 August 2013). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/645748-gulu-university-lacks-funds-to-recruit-staff-vc.html "Gulu University Lacks Funds To Recruit Staff — Vice Chancellor"]. ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 20 October 2014.</ref> == External links == * [http://www.gu.ac.ug/ Gulu University Website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241214171638/https://www.gulunap.unina.it/ The Neapolitan Project To Develop The Faculty of Medicine at Gulu University] * [http://campusbee.ug/ Latest News from Gulu University] * [http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-Residents-blocking-varsity-expansion-/-/688334/3028298/-/hkwvv0/-/index.html ‘Residents blocking varsity expansion’] * [http://acholitimes.com/2016/01/10/gulu-university-to-build-multi-billion-teaching-hospital-bio-science-lab/ Gulu University to Build Multi-billion Teaching Hospital, Bio-science Lab] == References == <references /> [[Category:Universities den colleges insyd Uganda]] [[Category:Gulu University]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 2001]] [[Category:2001 establishments insyd Uganda]] [[Category:Universities den colleges dem establish insyd 2001]] [[Category:Education insyd Uganda]] drpq2xtwyahbjatladykt2r8zpqr2gz 0 5916 116463 104082 2026-11-08T09:16:31Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''University of KwaZulu-Natal''' ('''UKZN''' Zulu: ''INyuvesi yakwaZulu-Natali'', Afrikaans: ''Universiteit van KwaZulu-Natal'') be university plus five campuses insyd de province of KwaZulu-Natal insyd [[South Africa]].<ref>[https://www.che.ac.za/#/moreitemdetails "CHE | Council on Higher Education | Regulatory body for Higher Education in South Africa | Education | Innovation | University | South Africa"]. ''che.ac.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200524181407/https://www.che.ac.za/#/moreitemdetails Archived] from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071222050039/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/aboutus/campusChoice.asp "Choice of campuses"]. University of KwaZulu-Natal. Archived from [http://www.ukzn.ac.za/aboutus/campusChoice.asp the original] on 22 December 2007. Retrieved 18 November 2007.</ref> Na dem form am for 1 January 2004 after de merger between de [[University of Natal]] den de University of Durban-Westville.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110820070130/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/About-UKZN/UKZN-History.aspx "History of the University of KwaZulu-Natal"]. University of KwaZulu-Natal. Archived from [http://www.ukzn.ac.za/About-UKZN/UKZN-History.aspx the original] on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 28 August 2011.</ref> == History == Dem form de university by de merger of de University of Natal den de University of Durban-Westville, insyd 2004. De Council of de University of Natal vote for 31 May 2002 make e offer de post of Vice-Chancellor den University Principal to world-renowned medical scientist den former Medical Research Council Presido – Professor Malegapuru Makgoba, wey assume office for 1 September 2002. Na dem entrust am plus make he lead de University of Natal into de merger plus de University of Durban-Westville. In so doing, he cam turn de last Vice-Chancellor of de University of Natal. Professor Makgoba succeed Professor Brenda Gourley as Vice-Chancellor.<ref>[http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/professor-malegapuru-william-makgoba "Professor Malegapuru William Makgoba"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210604153032/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/professor-malegapuru-william-makgoba Archived] from the original on 4 June 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2020.</ref> He serve brief stint as de interim Vice-Chancellor insyd 2004 na dem formally appoint am as de founding Vice-Chancellor of de newly merged University of KwaZulu-Natal. Na dem install am for ceremony for 30 September 2005. Professor Makgoba serve two five-year terms of office den retire insyd 2015. Ein tenure, however, na e plague plus controversies. Dem claim say Makgoba create "culture of hostility"<ref>Macfarlane, David (14 January 2011). [https://mg.co.za/article/2011-01-14-controversial-ukzn-audit-under-wraps/ "Controversial UKZN audit under wraps"]. ''The Mail & Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201008233604/https://mg.co.za/article/2011-01-14-controversial-ukzn-audit-under-wraps/ Archived] from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.</ref> for de university wey result in exodus of world-class academics.<ref>Saunderson-Meyer, William (31 January 2020). [https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/malegapuru-makgoba-and-the-white-bonobos "Malegapuru Makgoba and the white bonobos"]. ''Politicsweb''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201011160554/https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/malegapuru-makgoba-and-the-white-bonobos Archived] from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.</ref> Dr Albert van Jaarsveld succeed am. === University of Natal === === University of Durban-Westville === [[File:UKZN.jpg|thumb|De Memorial Tower Building for de Howard College Campus insyd Durban, University of KwaZulu-Natal]] == Organization == Dem d govern de university for accordance plus de Higher Education Act of 1997,<ref>Parliament of South Africa (1997). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725060025/http://www.info.gov.za/gazette/acts/1997/a101-97.pdf "Higher Education Act"] (PDF). ''Government Gazette''. '''390''' (18515). Archived from [http://www.info.gov.za/gazette/acts/1997/a101-97.pdf the original] (PDF) on 25 July 2008.</ref> den ein constitution dem specify insyd de Statute of de University of KwaZulu-Natal,<ref>Parliament of South Africa (2005). "Statute of the University of KwaZulu-Natal" (PDF). ''Government Gazette''. '''684''' (29032).</ref> as approve by de South African Minister of Education den de Parliament of South Africa. Insyd de statute, de university dey consist of: * de chancellor (de titular head). Na de first chancellor of de university dem merge be Dr Frene Ginwala. Ebe currently Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng. * de vice chancellor (de executive head) * two anaa more deputy vice chancellors (currently der be five full den one acting)<ref>University of KwaZulu-Natal. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081218104650/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/aboutus/ukznexec.asp "Executive of the University of KwaZulu-Natal"]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20081218104650/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/aboutus/ukznexec.asp the original] on 18 December 2008. Retrieved 9 February 2016.</ref> * de registrar (responsible make edey register students) * de council (responsible for governance of de institution as whole) * de senate (responsible for governance of academic activities) * de students representative council (responsible for students representation) * De institutional forum (responsible make edey advise de council for matters of human rights den equality top) * de colleges (currently der be four) * de academic den support staff * de students * de convocation (all de alumni den sam odas) == Academic structure == De university dey make up of four colleges, wich be in turn dey make up of several schools.<ref name="depts">UKZN. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120125155749/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/schools.aspx "Schools"]. Archived from [http://www.ukzn.ac.za/schools.aspx the original] on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2012.</ref> For most cases insyd, dem dey spread subdivision across one anaa more of de university ein campuses. For example, de Chemistry dey for both de Pietermaritzburg den Westville campuses insyd.<ref name="chemdept">UKZN. [http://chemistry.ukzn.ac.za/Homepage.aspx "School of Chemistry"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111008211550/http://chemistry.ukzn.ac.za/Homepage.aspx Archived] from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011.</ref> === College of Agriculture, Engineering den Science === * School of Engineering(all) * School of Agricultural, Earth den Environmental Sciences * School of Chemistry den Physics * School of Life Sciences * School Mathematics, Statistics den Computer Science === College of Health Sciences === * School of Clinical Medicine * School of Laboratory Medicine den Medical Sciences * School of Health Sciences * School of Nursing den Public Health === College of Humanities === * School of Religion, Philosophy den Classics * School of Arts * School of Social Sciences * School of Applied Human Sciences * School of Built Environment den Development Studies * School of Education === College of Law den Management Studies === * Graduate School of Business den Leadership (Business Management Association for cooperation plus Hampton College Durban) * School of Accounting, Economics den Finance * School of Law * School of Management, IT den Governance Institute dem build for cooperation plus de Howard Hughes Medical Institute be de fresh KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis den HIV, dem gbele am insyd 2012. Edey for de Nelson Mandela School of Medicine campus top. == Campuses == De geographically divide de university into five distinct campuses,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110817075029/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/About-UKZN/ukzn_campuses.aspx "About UKZN"]. ''UKZN''. Archived from [http://www.ukzn.ac.za/About-UKZN/ukzn_campuses.aspx the original] on 17 August 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011.</ref> wich dey partially correspond to ein managerial den academic divisions. Two campuses (Edgewood den de Medical School) house specific academic divisions (education den medicine respectively), buh de remainder of de university ein academic divisions span Howard College, Pietermaritzburg den Westville. === Pietermaritzburg campus === === Howard College campus === === Westville campus === === Nelson Mandela medical school === === Edgewood campus === == Student profile == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Student Enrollment for de University of Kwa-Zulu Natal by Race !Ethnic Group !2016 Number !2016 Percentage !2018 Number !2018 Percentage |- |African |33,292 |71.56% |37,530 |77.83% |- |Indian |10,176 |21.87% |8,313 |17.24% |- |White |1,885 |4.05% |1,300 |2.70% |- |Coloured |968 |2.08% |877 |1.82% |- |Oda |199 |0.43% |200 |0.41% |- |Total |46,520 |100% |48,220 |100% |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+University of Kwa-Zulu Natal Staff by Race (2016) !Race !Number !Percentage |- |African |2,289 |55% |- |Coloured |137 |3.32% |- |Indian |1,028 |21.71% |- |White |505 |12.13% |- |Total |4,161 |100% |} == Rankings den reputation == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |University rankings |- ! colspan="2" |Global – Overall |- !''ARWU'' World<ref>[http://www.shanghairanking.com/institution/university-of-kwazulu-natal "University of KwaZulu-Natal"]. Shanghai Ranking. Retrieved 3 March 2024.</ref> |501–600 (2023) |- !''QS'' World<ref>[https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/university-kwazulu-natal "University of Kwazulu-Natal"]. ''Top Universities''. 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.</ref> |621–630 (2024) |- !''THE'' World<ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-kwazulu-natal "University of KwaZulu-Natal"]. ''Times Higher Education World University Rankings''. Retrieved 3 March 2024.</ref> |501–600 (2024) |} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |'''UKZN Times Higher Education Ranking 2016 to 2024''' |- !Year !World Rank |- |2024 |501–600 |- |2023 |401–500 |- |2022 |351–400 |- |2021 |351–400 |- |2020 |401–500 |- |2019 |401–500 |- |2018 |401–500 |- |2017 |501-600 |- |2016 |401-500 |- | colspan="2" |<ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2024/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats "World University Rankings 2024 (South Africa)"]. ''Times Higher Education (THE)''. 20 October 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2023/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats "World University Rankings 2023 (South Africa)"]. ''Times Higher Education (THE)''. 20 October 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2022/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats "World University Rankings 2022 (South Africa)"]. ''Times Higher Education (THE)''. 20 October 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2021/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats "World University Rankings 2021 (South Africa)"]. ''Times Higher Education (THE)''. 20 October 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2020/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats "World University Rankings 2020 (South Africa)"]. ''Times Higher Education (THE)''. 20 October 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2019/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats "World University Rankings 2019 (South Africa)"]. ''Times Higher Education (THE)''. 20 October 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2018/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats "World University Rankings 2018 (South Africa)"]. ''Times Higher Education (THE)''. 20 October 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2017/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats "World University Rankings 2017 (South Africa)"]. ''Times Higher Education (THE)''. 20 October 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2016/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats "World University Rankings 2016 (South Africa)"]. ''Times Higher Education (THE)''. 20 October 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2015/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats "World University Rankings 2015 (South Africa)"]. ''Times Higher Education (THE)''. 20 October 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2014/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats "World University Rankings 2014 (South Africa)"]. ''Times Higher Education (THE)''. 20 October 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2013/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats "World University Rankings 2013 (South Africa)"]. ''Times Higher Education (THE)''. 20 October 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2012/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats "World University Rankings 2012 (South Africa)"]. ''Times Higher Education (THE)''. 20 October 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2011/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats "World University Rankings 2011 (South Africa)"]. ''Times Higher Education (THE)''. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</ref> |} == Controversies == Na der be number of controversies for de University of KwaZulu-Natal since ein foundation. Firstly, na der be several staff strikes den student protests,<ref name="Dell">Dell, Sharon (14 November 2008). [http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=16128 "UKZN staff prepare for strike"]. ''The Witness''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111001170626/http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=16128 Archived] from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011.</ref><ref name="2010strikes">Mbonambi, Gugu (9 March 2010). [http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/march-disrupts-lectures-on-kzn-campus-1.475804 "March disrupts lectures on KZN campus"]. ''The Mercury''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110424221756/http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/march-disrupts-lectures-on-kzn-campus-1.475804 Archived] from the original on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011.</ref><ref>Subramoney, Thrishni (9 September 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120323045850/http://www.ecr.co.za/kagiso/content/en/east-coast-radio/east-coast-radio-news?oid=895536&sn=Detail&pid=490476&UKZN-management-to-take-action-against-strike "UKZN management to take action against strike"]. ''East Coast Radio''. Archived from [http://www.ecr.co.za/kagiso/content/en/east-coast-radio/east-coast-radio-news?oid=895536&sn=Detail&pid=490476&UKZN-management-to-take-action-against-strike the original] on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011.</ref><ref>Ndlovu, Sinegugu (31 March 2011). [http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/campus-turns-into-battlefield-1.1050125 "Campus turns into battlefield"]. ''The Mercury''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110824215502/http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/campus-turns-into-battlefield-1.1050125 Archived] from the original on 24 August 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/students-protest-at-ukzn-1.1049758 "Campus turns into battlefield"]. ''Sapa''. 30 March 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121024022009/http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/students-protest-at-ukzn-1.1049758 Archived] from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2011.</ref> plus sam protests from 2009 dey go wey dey involve police intervention den de use of riot control measures, as well as violence for de part of sam strikers.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121106104416/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-196296674.html "UKZN Student Protest Turns Ugly"]. ''The Mercury''. 24 March 2009. Archived from [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-196296674.html the original] on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2011.</ref><ref>MAGWAZA, NOMPUMELEL (24 March 2009). [https://archive.today/20121121171554/http://lists.fahamu.org/pipermail/debate-list/2009-March/021267.html "Blind student hurt as protest turns ugly"]. ''The Mercury''. Archived from [http://lists.fahamu.org/pipermail/debate-list/2009-March/021267.html the original] on 21 November 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2011.</ref> Secondly, na der be series of legal den disciplinary actions senior university management take against academics for dey speak for public insyd about de university.<ref>McKune, Craig (20 January 2009). [http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S0038-23532009000100003&script=sci_arttext "Management shows contempt for academic freedom at UKZN"]. ''South African Journal of Science''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111008195909/http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S0038-23532009000100003&script=sci_arttext Archived] from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2008.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120316133527/http://ntesu.ukzn.ac.za/node/2 "FXI distressed by disciplinary action against two UKZN Professors]". ''NTSEU''. Archived from [http://ntesu.ukzn.ac.za/node/2 the original] on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2011.</ref><ref>Gower, PRIMARASHNI (15 March 2008). [http://mg.co.za/article/2008-04-15-ukzn-academics-question-senate-probe "UKZN academics question senate probe"]. ''Mail and Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121013121903/http://mg.co.za/article/2008-04-15-ukzn-academics-question-senate-probe Archived] from the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2011.</ref><ref>[http://sharondavis.co.za/content/view/92/35/ "Controversy and transformation at UKZN"]. ''Science and Development Network''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110812014133/http://sharondavis.co.za/content/view/92/35/ Archived] from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011.</ref> Dese actions draw wide criticism from academics den from organisations such as Cosatu den UNESCO.<ref name="hlongwane2008">Hlongwane, Agiza (7 December 2008). [http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=vn20081207082026114C840107 "Clean up your act, UKZN warned"]. ''Sunday Tribune''. p.&nbsp;1. Retrieved 8 December 2008.</ref> Der sanso be de cause of 2008 staff strike.<ref name="Dell2">Dell, Sharon (14 November 2008). [http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=16128 "UKZN staff prepare for strike"]. ''The Witness''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111001170626/http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=16128 Archived] from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011.</ref> == Notable alumni == * John Smit, World Cup winning South African Rugby Union captain. * Imani Sanga, composer den ethnomusicologist * Lize Heerman, singer-songwriter den media personality * Gita Ramjee, scientist den researcher for HIV prevention insyd * Ncoza Dlova, first black dermatologist produce by de university den head of de School of Clinical Medicine * Salome Maswime, global health expert den activist * Mondo Mazwai, legal practitioner den chairmo for South Africa ein Competition Tribunal from 2019 * Mosa Moshabela, 11th Vice-Chancellor of de [[University of Cape Town]] * Promise Mthembu, HIV/AIDS activist * Nokwanda Makunga, biotechnologist == References == <references /> == External links == Wikimedia Commons get media wey dey relate to '''''[[commons:Category:University_of_KwaZulu-Natal|University of KwaZulu-Natal]]'''''. * [http://www.ukzn.ac.za/ Official website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120213153008/http://fazel.shackdwellers.org/ Fight for Fazel Khan – Union Leader Fired from UKZN in 2006] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240621034419/http://fxi.org/ Freedom of Expression Institute website] * [https://archive.today/20150430093614/http://www.twitter.com/msftswiz Official UKZN twitter] * [http://www.ukznpress.co.za/?about_us UKZN Press] website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240619170653/http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/ "Digital Innovation South Africa"]. University of KwaZulu-Natal. OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/225596326 225596326]. "National collaborative...resource containing historical material of importance and interest to scholars and students" . Disa.ukzn.ac.za. Formerly known as "Digital Imaging South Africa" [[Category:University of KwaZulu-Natal]] [[Category:Universities insyd KwaZulu-Natal]] [[Category:Public universities insyd South Africa]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 2004]] [[Category:2004 establishments insyd South Africa]] [[Category:Education insyd KwaZulu-Natal]] [[Category:Universities den colleges dem establish insyd 2004]] m1kohe8aeesi910uq54bddn2fujgwlc 0 10218 116391 44394 2026-11-08T06:14:55Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Montas Antoine''' (13 December 1926–1988) be a Haitian painter. Dem born am insyd Léogâne insyd 1926, wey na he paint colorful street scenes den rural scenes insyd ein life. He die insyd 1988.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.artshaitian.com/Pages/haitianantoine.html |title=The Art of Haiti by Montas Antoine |access-date=2024-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207200314/https://www.artshaitian.com/Pages/haitianantoine.html |archive-date=2024-12-07}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * Schutt-Ainé, Patricia; Staff of Librairie Au Service de la Culture (1994). ''Haiti: A Basic Reference Book''. Miami, Florida: Librairie Au Service de la Culture. p. 107. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-9638599-0-7|978-0-9638599-0-7]]</bdi>. {{Authority control}} [[Category:1926 births]] [[Category:1988 deaths]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Haitian painters]] [[Category:Haitian male painters]] a7iuxchc64lv460nf586dcuyu987dhw 0 11825 116388 115722 2026-11-08T04:39:30Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kama La Mackerel''' be a [[Mauritius|Mauritian]]-[[Canadians|Canadian]] multidisciplinary artist, activist, translator, den community organizer who resides insyd [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]].<ref name="this">Leah Lalich, [https://this.org/2016/12/08/how-one-montreal-artist-is-creating-stage-magic-for-lgbtq-performers/ "How one Montreal artist is creating stage magic for LGBTQ performers"]. ''[[This Magazine]]'', December 8, 2016.</ref> Their artistic practice moves between theatre, dance, spoken word den written poetry, watercolours, photography, performance, sculpture den installation.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Boivin|first=Jade|title=Kama La Mackerel {{!}} esse arts + opinions|url=https://esse.ca/en/kama-la-mackerel|access-date=2021-07-08|website=esse.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-06-30|title=Prix pour artistes émergents {{!}} L'artiste transgenre Kama La Mackerel récompensée|url=https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/2021-06-30/prix-pour-artistes-emergents/l-artiste-transgenre-kama-la-mackerel-recompensee.php|access-date=2021-07-08|website=La Presse|language=fr |last1=Groguhé |first1=Marissa }}</ref> Working across multiple disciplines, La Mackerel's work explores their identity as a trans femme of colour hu reaches back beyond de immediate constraints of de colonial circumstances of their life to de spiritual ancestral lineages of queer femmes.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Lafontant|first=Laurent Maurice|date=October 6, 2020|title=Kama La Mackerel's "Zom-Fam" and Creoleness|url=https://www.neverapart.com/features/zom-fam-kama-la-mackerel/|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Never Apart|language=en-US}}</ref> == Early life den education == Dem born La Mackerel insyd Pamplemousses, Mauritius where they grow up insyd a Hindu den Catholic family.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kama La Mackerel {{!}} MOMENTA Biennale de l'image|url=https://momentabiennale.com/en/artist/kama-la-mackerel/|access-date=2021-09-16|website=momentabiennale.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Kama La Mackerel's "Zom-Fam" and Creoleness|url=https://www.neverapart.com/features/zom-fam-kama-la-mackerel/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=Never Apart|language=en-US}}</ref> De first of their family to attend university, at de age of eighteen, they move go India to pursue a Bachelor insyd Literature den Cultural Studies at de University of Pune, India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A night of healing|url=https://www.queensjournal.ca/story/2015-09-21/arts/a-night-of-healing/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=The Journal|date=22 September 2015 |language=en}}</ref> While insyd India they san study den train insyd contemporary dance den Kathak, de latter under de mentorship of [[Nandkishore Kapote]]. Insyd 2008 they immigrate to Canada where they complete a Master's degree insyd Theory, Culture den Politics at Trent University insyd Peterborough, Ontario.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kama La Mackerel – Asian Heritage in Canada|url=https://library.ryerson.ca/asianheritage/authors/kama-la-mackerel/|access-date=2021-07-21|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Fitzgibbon|first=Camila|date=2020-09-22|title=MAI opens its 2020-21 season with "ZOM-FAM" from October 6-10 {{!}} Montreal Theatre Hub|url=https://montrealtheatrehub.com/2020/09/22/mai-opens-its-2020-21-season-with-zom-fam-from-october-6-10/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=montrealtheatrehub.com|language=en-CA|archive-date=2021-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713084848/https://montrealtheatrehub.com/2020/09/22/mai-opens-its-2020-21-season-with-zom-fam-from-october-6-10/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Insyd 2011 they move go Montreal, where they actively begin to pursue their artistic interests.<ref name=":4" /> == Community Organizing == La Mackerel's experience of not finding queer community spaces dat were hospitable to trans people of colour, lead dem to create community events den spaces dat center 2SLGBTQ+ people.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Enos|first=Elysha|date=August 12, 2016|title=Montreal Pride criticized for not bringing marginalized groups to the centre|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/montreal-pride-inclusion-trans-black-1.3717876|access-date=July 21, 2021|website=CBC}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2016-12-08|title=How one Montreal artist is creating stage magic for LGBTQ performers|url=https://this.org/2016/12/08/how-one-montreal-artist-is-creating-stage-magic-for-lgbtq-performers/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=This Magazine|language=en-CA}}</ref> === Gender B(l)ender (2013-2018) === Insyd 2013, responding to de lack of queer-friendly open mic spaces insyd Montreal, La Mackerel found ''Gender B(l)ender'', a monthly open mic/cabaret event wey dey hold on de last Friday of every month. Venues include at Café l’Artère den librairie L’Euguélionne.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-07|title=Kama La Mackerel, artiste des interespaces|url=https://revuejeu.org/2021/06/07/kama-la-mackerel-artiste-des-interespaces/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=JEU Revue de théâtre|language=fr-FR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717182105/https://revuejeu.org/2021/06/07/kama-la-mackerel-artiste-des-interespaces/|archive-date=2021-07-17}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Over a 5 year period La Mackerel organize den host 40 editions of de event wich get over 600 performances.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hommage à Gender b(l)ender|url=http://cdeacf.ca/evenement/2021/06/29/hommage-gender-blender|access-date=2021-07-21|website=CDÉACF|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709191017/http://cdeacf.ca/evenement/2021/06/29/hommage-gender-blender|archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> Performers include Asher Lionheart, Iyan Hayadi, Jespa Jacob Smith, Roxane Nadeau, Kim Ninkuru, Tranna Wintour, Valerie Bah, [[Kai Cheng Thom]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khaleeli|first=Bee|date=2018-02-19|title=Telling and enacting trans history|url=https://www.mcgilldaily.com/2018/02/telling-and-enacting-trans-history/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=The McGill Daily|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Making Your Queer Dreams Come True {{!}} Fringe Arts|url=https://thelinknewspaper.ca/article/montreal-gender-blender|access-date=2021-07-21|website=thelinknewspaper.ca|language=en}}</ref> === Self-Love Cabaret: L'Amour se conjugue à la première personne (2012-2016) === Running for four years between 2012 den 2016, de Self-Love Cabaret be an anti-valentine, artistic event wich seek to challenge de dominant, heteronormative den consumerist holiday of coupledom: Valentine's Day by showcasing creative expressions of self-love.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-28|title=The Self-Love Cabaret: l'amour se conjugue à la première personne|url=https://knowledgethroughthearts.wordpress.com/projects-by-kama-la-mackerel/the-self-love-cabaret-lamour-se-conjugue-a-la-premiere-personne/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=P. Lantz Initiative for Excellence in Education & the Arts|language=en}}</ref> === Contemporary Poetics of Trans Women of Colour Artists (2018) === Curate den facilitate by La Mackerel, dis event bring together six trans women of colour artists: [[Arielle Twist]], [[Kai Cheng Thom]], Kim Ninkuru, Adri Almeida, [[Gwen Benaway]] den La Mackerel.<ref>{{Cite web|title="Contemporary Poetics of Trans Women of Colour Artists," with Gwen Benaway (Toronto), Kai Cheng Thom (Toronto), Kim Ninkuru (Toronto), Arielle Twist (Halifax), Adri Almeida (Toronto), curated and facilitated by Kama La Mackerel (Montreal), Part of "The Ar|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/igsf/channels/event/contemporary-poetics-trans-women-colour-artists-gwen-benaway-toronto-kai-cheng-thom-toronto-kim-291243|access-date=2021-07-21|website=IGSF|language=en}}</ref> === Speak B(l)ack: A Black History Month spoken word show den open mic (2017-2019) === Part of McGill University's Black History Month events, ''Speak B(l)ack'' dey host by La Mackerel den get performers such as Stephanie Lawrence, Kim Ninkuru, den Shanice Nicole.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SPEAK B(L)ACK - A Black History Month Spoken Word Show|url=https://moishistoiredesnoirs.com/en/programmation-en/45-litterature/832-speak-b-l-ack-a-black-history-month-spoken-word-show-en|access-date=2021-07-21|website=MHN|language=en-ca|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190350/https://moishistoiredesnoirs.com/en/programmation-en/45-litterature/832-speak-b-l-ack-a-black-history-month-spoken-word-show-en|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Interdisciplinary Arts Practice == While La Mackerel wey chaw dey bell for their debut poetry collection ''ZOM-FAM'', their creative practice moves between dance, theatre, photography, sculpture, textiles, digital arts den video. La Mackerel be a self-taught artist den their practice emerges from a need to survive den find methods for navigating patriarchal colonial violence, den DIY grassroots cultural practices like zine-making, YouTube tutorials, open mic nights.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kama La Mackerel|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/p-lantz/arts-initiatives/kama-la-mackerel|access-date=2021-07-21|website=P. Lantz Initiative for Excellence in Education and the Arts|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190816/https://www.mcgill.ca/p-lantz/arts-initiatives/kama-la-mackerel|archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> Major projects include ''From Thick Skin to Femme Armour, Breaking de Promise of Tropical Emptiness, 'Race' is a Drag!, My Body is the Ocean, Bois d'Ébène.''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kingma|first=Eloe|date=2016-05-13|title=Kama La Mackerel: From Thick Skin to Femme Armour Tour|url=https://www.nica-institute.com/kama-la-mackerel-from-thick-skin-to-femme-armour-tour/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=Netherlands Institute for Cultural Analysis (NICA)|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Parris|first=Amanda|date=March 8, 2016|title=International Women's Day: 9 artists who are making a difference|url=https://www.cbc.ca/arts/exhibitionists/international-women-s-day-9-artists-who-are-making-a-difference-1.3481136|access-date=July 21, 2021|website=CBC Arts}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Kama La Mackerel {{!}} esse arts + opinions|url=https://esse.ca/en/kama-la-mackerel|access-date=2021-07-21|website=esse.ca}}</ref> === ''<nowiki/>'RACE' IS A DRAG!'' (2012) === Through a series of impromptu public performances, during de summer of 2012, La Mackerel produced ''<nowiki/>'Race' is a Drag! -'' a series of photographs dat document de artist through their process of reclaiming public space. Most notable be de way de photographs capture de reactions of passersby whose gaze carries heterosexist den racist microaggressions trans women regularly experience.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hamilton|first=Rebz|date=Fall 2018|title=Apocalypse Queer|url=https://www.sodep.qc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Inter_130-Rebz-Hamilton.pdf|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190840/https://www.sodep.qc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Inter_130-Rebz-Hamilton.pdf|archive-date=July 9, 2021}}</ref> === ''From Thick Skin to Femme Armour'' (2016) === ''From Thick Skin to Femme Armour'' be a extend multidisciplinary research art project wich honours trans women den femme of colour resistance den resilience. De project get toure insyd Europe insyd 2016 as a spoken word solo show.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kama La Mackerel – articulating decoloniality|url=https://feministmediastudio.ca/kama-la-mackerel-articulating-languages-of-decoloniality/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=FEMINIST MEDIA STUDIO|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190629/https://feministmediastudio.ca/kama-la-mackerel-articulating-languages-of-decoloniality/|archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> De project involves watercolours, textiles plus text, photographs, video den a series of wearable objects.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-09|title=Our Own Words: Fem & Trans, Past & Future {{!}} MR Online|url=https://mronline.org/2021/04/09/our-own-words-fem-trans-past-future/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=mronline.org|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> === ''Breaking the Promise of Tropical Emptiness: Trans subjectivity in the Mauritian postcard'' === Insyd dis series of fifteen photographs, wey take by South-African writer den scholar Nedine Moonsamy, La Mackerel challenges de way postcards contribute to colonial framing of tropical spaces as empty lands to colonize.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=ICI.Radio-Canada.ca|first=Zone Arts-|title=Kama La Mackerel, l'artiste trans et anticoloniale aux multiples talents|url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1807812/kama-la-mackerel-artiste-trans-anticoloniale-prix-conseil-des-arts-queer|access-date=2021-07-27|website=Radio-Canada.ca|date=9 July 2021 |language=fr-ca}}</ref> De artist poses their body against scenic Mauritian vistas, reinscribing their trans body onto their native island.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Breaking the Promise of Tropical Emptiness: trans subjectivity in the Mauritian postcard|url=https://www.artciteinc.ca/exhibitions/breaking-the-promise-of-tropical-emptiness-trans-subjectivity-in-the-mauritian-postcard|access-date=2021-07-09|website=Artcite Inc.|language=en-CA|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190424/https://www.artciteinc.ca/exhibitions/breaking-the-promise-of-tropical-emptiness-trans-subjectivity-in-the-mauritian-postcard|url-status=dead}}</ref> === ''ZOM-FAM'' === Insyd 2020 La Mackerel publish their debut poetry collection ''ZOM-FAM'' plus Metonymy Press to wide acclaim.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The best Canadian poetry of 2020|url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/the-best-canadian-poetry-of-2020-1.5831407|access-date=July 21, 2021|website=CBC Books}}</ref> De title be a Mauritian Kreol term denoting "man-woman."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-13|title=Mauritian-Canadian trans artist unveiled as a finalist for an emerging LGBTQ writers' award|url=https://montreal.citynews.ca/2021/08/13/mauritian-canadian-trans-artist/|access-date=2021-08-16|website=CityNews Montreal}}</ref> De work consists of eight poems wich were originally compose as spoken word pieces dat eventually becam de material of a solo stage performance. De decision to move from spoken word to theatrical stage performance be prompt by a desire to create chaw texture insyd de work through movement, ritual den embodiment. As de poems migrate from stage to page, La Mackerel carry de stage movement over into de written poetry by using de page as a stage den allowing de words to break plus traditional poem stanzas den envisioning de words as de body den de page as de stage.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Dawn|first=Amber|date=2020-08-27|title=ZOM-FAM: Interview with Kama La Mackerel|url=https://roommagazine.com/zom-fam-interview-with-kama-la-mackerel-3/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=ROOM Magazine|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709191420/https://roommagazine.com/zom-fam-interview-with-kama-la-mackerel-3/|archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref> Written insyd Canada, de poems explore de artist's experience of growing up on de island of Mauritius, insyd particular their relationship to land, water, family, language, den gender within, den insyd resistance to, de ideological den material framing of de island's colonial history. While written primarily insyd English, de poems pay tribute to de ancestral languages of de island, using Kreol den Mauritian colloquialisms wich grow from de interrelations of English, Kreol, French, Bhopuri, Tamil, Hindi. De island den de ocean dey situate at de heart of de work den lay de foundation for La Mackerel's poetic excavation of ancestral femme lineages connecting dem to their femme spirituality.<ref name=":3" /> Insyd de summer of 2021 de book be launch insyd Mauritius den be hail as de first publish work of queer Mauritian literature.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Knegt|first=Peter|date=August 20, 2021|title=The first piece of queer Mauritian literature ever published is by Montreal's Kama La Mackerel|url=https://www.cbc.ca/arts/the-first-piece-of-queer-mauritian-literature-ever-published-is-by-montreal-s-kama-la-mackerel-1.6147537|access-date=August 26, 2021|website=CBC Arts}}</ref> De cover art of de book be make by Aun Li den Kai Yun Ching.<ref>{{Cite book|last=La Mackerel|first=Kama|title=ZOM-FAM|publisher=Metonymy Press|year=2020|isbn=9781999058845}}</ref> == Translation == La Mackerel focuse their translation on works by Canadian Anglophone trans women writers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-09 |title=Kama La Mackerel, the multi-talented trans and anti-colonial artist |url=https://news.in-24.com/lifestyle/art/80635.html |access-date=2021-07-22 |website=News in 24 Lifestyle English |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722174220/https://news.in-24.com/lifestyle/art/80635.html |archive-date=2021-07-22 }}</ref> Titles they have translate include [[Vivek Shraya]]'s ''I'm Afraid of Men'' ({{lang|fr|J'ai peur des hommes}}) den [[Kai Cheng Thom]]'s ''From the Stars in the Sky to the Fish in the Sea'' ({{lang|fr|L'enfant de fourrure, de plumes, d'écailles, de feuilles et de paillettes}}) den ''Fierce Femmes and Notorious Liars: A Dangerous Trans Girl's Confabulous Memoir'' ({{lang|fr|Fèms magnifiques et dangereuses: Mémoires affabulées d'une fille trans}}).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kama La Mackerel |url=https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/19390926.Kama_La_Mackerel |access-date=2021-07-22 |website=[[Goodreads]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-14 |title=L'entrevue éclair avec… Kama La Mackerel, traducteur.ice de «Fèms magnifiques et dangereuses» |url=https://labibleurbaine.com/litterature/lentrevue-eclair-avec-kama-la-mackerel-traducteur-ice-de-fems-magnifiques-et-dangereuses/ |access-date=2021-10-21 |website=Bible urbaine |language=fr-CA }}</ref> Their 2023 translation of [[Valérie Bah]]'s ''[[The Rage Letters]]'' be shortlist for de 2024 [[Lambda Literary Award for Transgender Fiction]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.them.us/story/lambda-literary-awards-2024-shortlist-announcement |title=Announcing the Finalists for the 36th Annual Lambda Literary Awards |work=[[them.]] |date=2024-03-27 |access-date=2024-04-05 }}</ref> == Awards == La Mackerel be a recipient of a Canada Council for de Arts Joseph S. Stauffer prize for emerging artists den be shortlist as a finalist for de [[Dayne Ogilvie Prize]] for LGBTQ Canadian writers insyd 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joseph S. Stauffer Prizes|url=https://canadacouncil.ca/funding/prizes/joseph-s-stauffer-prizes|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Canada Council for the Arts|language=en}}</ref><ref>Ryan Porter, [https://quillandquire.com/omni/emerging-queer-writers-celebrated-as-finalists-announced-for-dayne-ogilvie-prize/ "Emerging queer writers celebrated as finalists announced for Dayne Ogilvie Prize"]. ''[[Quill & Quire]]'', May 26, 2021.</ref> == References == fi6m8bssf1n8qhe0vb4kms7duo94sl6 0 12229 116364 115405 2026-11-07T21:03:58Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Malick Sidibé''' (1935 – 14 April 2016)<ref name="groves-guardian2">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/apr/15/malick-sidibe-dies-aged-80-malian-photographer-eye-of-bamako|date=15 April 2016|access-date=16 April 2016|first=Nancy|last=Groves|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Malian photographer Malick Sidibé dies aged 80}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lequotidiendelart.com/quotidien_articles_detail.php?idarticle=8967|title=Disparition du photographe malien Malick Sidibé par Le Quotidien de l'Art|website=Le Quotidien de l'Art|date=15 April 2016|access-date=2016-04-14}}</ref> na he be a [[Mali|Malian]] photographer from a [[Fula people|Fulani]] ([[Fula people|Fula]]) village insyd Soloba,<ref>{{cite web|title=Malick Sidibe {{!}} Biography & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Malick-Sidibe|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Malick Sidibé|url=https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/artist/malick-sidibe|publisher=The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation}}</ref> wey na dem note am for ein black-den-white studies of popular culture insyd de 1960s insyd Bamako, Mali.<ref name="groves-guardian2" /><ref name="shakur-nyt">{{cite news|url=http://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/04/11/malick-sidib-creative-force-of-african-culture/?_r=0|date=11 April 2016|access-date=16 April 2016|first=Fayemi|last=Shakur|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Malick Sidibé: Creative Force of African Culture}}</ref><ref name="laurent-time">{{cite news|url=https://time.com/4295775/in-memoriam-malick-sidibe-1936-2016/|date=15 April 2016|access-date=16 April 2016|first=Olivier|last=Laurent|work=Time|title=In Memoriam: Malick Sidibé (1936 – 2016)}}</ref> Dem hold Sidibé ein work insyd de collections of The Contemporary African Art Collection (CAAC),<ref name="caac">{{cite web|url=http://www.caacart.com/pigozzi-artist.php?i=Sidibe-Malick&m=48|access-date=16 April 2016|publisher=The Contemporary African Art Collection|title=Malick Sidibé|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506072116/http://caacart.com/pigozzi-artist.php?i=Sidibe-Malick&m=48|archive-date=6 May 2021}}</ref> de J. Paul Getty Museum insyd Los Angeles,<ref name="getty">{{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/248996/malick-sidibe-femme-peul-du-niger-malian-print-1970-frame-2004/|access-date=16 April 2016|publisher=J. Paul Getty Museum|title=Femme Peul du Niger}}</ref> den de Museum of Modern Art insyd New York City.<ref name="moma">{{cite web|url=http://www.moma.org/collection/artists/26555?locale=en|access-date=16 April 2016|publisher=Museum of Modern Art|title=Malick Sidibé: Malian, 1936–2016}}</ref> ==Life== [[File:Malick Sidibe's studio 2.jpg|thumbnail|right|Sidibé ein studio insyd Bamako, wey dey show ein cameras den equipment]] Na dem born Sidibé insyd de village of Soloba, 300&nbsp;km from Bamako, insyd Mali. Na ein poppie be a [[Fula people|Fula]] stock breeder, farmer, den skilled hunter dem name Kolo Barry Sidibé. Na Malick ein poppie want am make he attend school, buh he pass before na he be able make he attend for de age of 16.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malik Sidibé: Mali Twist Exhibition |url=https://medias.fondationcartier.com/fondation/documents/press/CP-Sidibe_US.pdf |website=Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain}}</ref> Sidibé die<ref>C.B. (16 April 2016). [https://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2016/04/memoriam "In memoriam: Malick Sidibe's photographs captured the style and history of a newly independent Mali"]. ''The Economist''.</ref> of complications from diabetes insyd Bamako.<ref name="laurent-time" /><ref name="Grimes NYT">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/16/arts/malick-sidibe-photographer-known-for-social-reportage-in-mali-dies-at-80.html|title=Malick Sidibé, Photographer Known for Social Reportage in Mali, Dies at 80|last=Grimes|first=William|date=2016-04-15|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-04-27}}</ref> Na he be survived by 17 kiddies den three wifeys.<ref name="Grimes NYT" /> ==Publications== ===Publications by Sidibé=== *''Malick Sidibé''. Zurich; New York: Scalo, 1998. {{ISBN|9783931141936}}. Edited by André Magnin. With an introduction by Magnin, and essays by Sibidé ("Studio Malick"), Youssouf Doumbia, ("Ambiance totale avec Garrincha!"), Panka Dembelé ("Twist again!"), and Boubacar "Kar Kar" Traoré ("Elvis est vivant!"). Included a four-song music CD by Kar Kar. *''Malick Sidibé, Photographe: "vues de dos" photographies''. Carnets de la création, Mali. Montreal: Editions de l'oeil, 2001. {{ISBN|9782912415189}}. With a text by Amadou Chab Touré. 24 pages. *''Malick Sidibe: Photographs: the Hasselblad Award 2003''. Göteborg, Sweden: Hasselblad Center; Göttingen: Steidl, 2003. {{ISBN|9783882439731}}. With a foreword by Gunilla Knape, an essay by Manthia Diawara, "The 1960s in Bamako: Malick Sidibé and James Brown", and a transcript of an interview with Sidibé by André Magnin. Published on the occasion of the exhibition ''Malick Sidibé: 2003 Hasselblad Award Winner'' held at the Hasselblad Center, Göteborg, Sweden, 2003.<ref>{{cite book|title=Malick Sidibé : photographs.|oclc = 55012477}}</ref> *''Malick Sidibé: Chemises''. Göttingen: Steidl, 2007. {{ISBN|9783865215239}}. Catalog of an exhibition presented at Foam Fotografiemuseum Amsterdam and at Musée Nicệphore Niépce, Chalon-sur-Saône.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chemises|oclc = 229995192}}</ref> *''Malick Sidibe''. Wilsele, Belgium: Exhibitions International, 2008. By Foundation Zinsou. {{ISBN|978-9057791048}}. *''Bagadadji''. Saint-Brieuc, France: GwinZegal, 2008. {{ISBN|9782952809924}}. With an essay by Florian Ebner, "La scène de Bagadadji". Portraits of the inhabitants of Bagadadji, Bamako, taken between 1964 and 1976. ** English-language version. ** French-language version. ** German-language version. *''Perception''. Saint-Brieuc, France: GwinZegal, 2008. {{ISBN|9782952809955}}. In French. Studio portraits made in Brittany, France, over the course of three weeks in July 2006. *''Malick Sidibé: La Vie en Rose''. Milan: Silvana, 2010. Edited and with text by Laura Incardona and Laura Serani. {{ISBN|978-8836617166}}. *''Malick Sidibé: The Portrait of Mali (Sinetica Landscape)''. Milan: Skira, 2011. Edited by Laura Incardona, Laura Serani, and Sabrina Zannier. {{ISBN|978-8857211251}}. Text in English, French and Italian. *''Malick Sidibé: Au village''. Montreuil, France: Éditions de L'Œil, 2011. {{ISBN|978-2351371329}}. Text by Brigitte Ollier. Studio portraits taken in Sidibé's native village of Soloba over the course of 50 years. In French. *''Malick Sidibé''. [[:fr:Photo Poche]] No. 145. Arles, France: [[:fr:Actes Sud]], 2013. {{ISBN|978-2-330-01229-8}}. With an introduction by Laura Serani. === Publications plus contributions by Sidibé === * ''Photographes de Bamako: de 1935 à nos jours''. Collection Soleil. Paris: Revue Noire, 1989. {{ISBN|978-2909571218}}. Photographs by Sidibé, Mountaga Dembélé, Seydou Keïta, Félix Diallo, Sakaly, AMAP, Alioune Bâ, Emmanuel Daou, Abdourahmane Sakaly, and others. With a text by Érika Nimis. In French and English. * ''In/sight: African Photographers, 1940 to the Present''. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, 1996. {{ISBN|9780810968950}}. With an introduction by Clare Bell and essays by Okwui Enwezor, Olu Oguibe, and Octavio Zaya. Photographs by Sidibé, Cornélius Yao Azaglo Augustt, Oladélé Ajiboyé Bamgboyé, [[Zarina Bhimji]], Gordon Bleach, Nabil Boutros, Cloete Breytenbach, Salla Casset, Mody Sory Diallo, Mohammed Dib, Kamel Dridi, Touhami Ennadre, Mathew Faji, Rotimi Fani-Kayode, [[Samuel Fosso]], Jellel Gasteli, Meïssa Gaye, Christian Gbagbo, David Goldblatt, Bob Gosani, Ranjith Kally, Seydou Keita, Peter Magubane, Santu Mofokeng, G. R. Naidoo, Lamia Naji, Gopal Naransamy, Lionel Oostendorp, [[Ricardo Rangel]], and Iké Udé. Catalogue of an exhibition held at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, May–September 1996. * ''Clubs of Bamako: 9 March-16 April 2000''. Houston, TX: Rice University Art Gallery, 2000. {{OCLC|45496053}}. Photographs by Sidibé, Emile Guebehi, Koffi Kouakou, and Coulibaly Siaka Paul. Catalogue of an exhibition. * ''You Look Beautiful Like That: The Portrait – Photographs of Seydou Keita and Malick Sidibe''. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001. {{ISBN|978-0300091885}}. Edited by Michelle Lamuniere. * ''Samuel Fosso, Seydou Keïta, Malick Sidibé: Portraits of Pride: West African Portrait Photography''. Katalog / Moderna Museet 318. Stockholm: Moderna Museet; Raster-Förl, 2002. {{ISBN|978-9171006776}}. Photographs by Sibidé, Samuel Fosso, and Seydou Keïta. Catalogue of an exhibition held at Moderna Museet, Stockholm, September–October 2002; Norskt Fotomuseum, March–April 2003. In Swedish and English. * ''African Art Now: Masterpieces From the Jean Pigozzi Collection''. London; New York: Merrell, 2005. {{ISBN|978-0890902950}}. By André Magnin, Alison de Lima Greene, Alvia J. Wardlaw, and Thomas McEvilley. Paintings, photographs, sculpture and installation art by 33 artists. Catalogue of an exhibition of work from The Contemporary African Art Collection held at Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. * ''The Poetics of Cloth: African Textiles, Recent Art''. New York: Grey Art Gallery, New York University, 2008. {{ISBN|9780615220833}}. Edited by Lynn Gumpert. With essays by Kofi Anyidoho, Lynn Gumpert, and John Picton, and contributions by Jennifer S. Brown, Lydie Diakhaté, Janet Goldner, Lynn Gumpert, John Picton, and Doran H. Ross. Reproductions of paintings, sculptures, videos and photographs by Sidibé, [[El Anatsui]], Samuel Cophis, Viye Diba, Sokari Douglas Camp, Groupe Bogolan Kasobane, [[Abdoulaye Konaté]], Rachid Koraïchi, [[Atta Kwami]], Grace Ndiritu, Nike Okundaye, [[Owusu-Ankomah]], Yinka Shonibare, Nontsikelelo "Lolo" Veleko, Rikki Wemega-Kwawu, and Sue Williamson. "Published on the occasion of an exhibition held at Grey Art Gallery, Sept. 16–Dec. 6, 2008."<ref>{{cite book|title=The poetics of cloth : African textiles, recent art|publisher=WorldCat|oclc=271451627}}</ref> * ''Events of the Self: Portraiture and Social Identity: Contemporary African Photography from the Walther Collection''. Burlafingen, Germany: The Walther Collection; Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, 2010. {{ISBN|9783869301570}}. Edited by Okwui Enwezor. With texts by Willis E. Hartshorn and Artur Walther, Okwui Enwezor, Gabriele Conrath-Scholl, Virginia Heckert, Chika Okeke-Agulu, Deborah Willis ("Malick Sidibé': the front of the back view"), Santu Mofokeng, and Kobena Mercer. Photographs by Sibidé, Sammy Baloji, Oladélé Ajiboyé Bamgboyé, Yto Barrada, Bernd and Hilla Becher, Candice Breitz, Allan deSouza, Theo Eshetu, Rotimi Fani-Kayode, Samuel Fosso, David Goldblatt, Kay Hassan, Romuald Hazoumè, [[Pieter Hugo]], Seydou Keïta, Maha Maamoun, Boubacar Touré Mandémory, Salem Mekuria, Santu Mofokeng, Zwelethu Mthethwa, Zanele Muholi, James Muriuku, Ingrid Mwangi, Grace Ndiritu, [[J. D. 'Okhai Ojeikere|J.D. 'Okhai Ojeikere]], Jo Ractliffe, August Sander, Berni Searle, Mikhael Subotzky, Guy Tillim, Hentie van der Merwe, and Nontsikelelo Veleko. In English with German translation. Published to accompany an exhibition in Burlafingen, Germany, June 2010. * ''Everything was Moving: Photography from the 60s and 70s''. London: Barbican Art Gallery, 2012. {{ISBN|9780946372393}}. Edited by Kate Bush and Gerry Badger. With texts by Bush ("Everything was moving"), Badger ("Spirit of the times, spirit of place: a view of photography in the 1960s and 1970s"), Gavin Jantjes ("Ernest Cole"), Sean O'Hagan ("The unreal everyday: William Eggleston's America" and "Against detachment: Bruce Davidson's photographs of America during the Civil Rights Era"), Tanya Barson ("Graciela Iturbide: a matter of complicity"), T. J. Demos ("On Sigmar Polke's Der Bärenkampf"), Helen Petrovsky ("Boris Mikhailov: towards a new universality"), Boris Mikhailov ("Yesterday's sandwich"), Ian Jeffrey ("Shomei Tomatsu"), Julian Stallabrass ("Rather a hawk?: the photography of Larry Burrows"), Robert Pledge ("Li Zhensheng: the cinematographer behind the photographer"), Manthia Diawara ("The sixties in Bamako: Malick Sidibé and James Brown"), Shanay Jhaveri ("Raghubir Singh and the geographical culture of India"), and Raghubir Singh ("River of colour: an Indian view"). Photographs by Sidibé, David Goldblatt, Ernest Cole, William Eggleston, Bruce Davidson, Graciela Iturbide, Sigmar Polke, Boris Mikhailov, Shomei Tomatsu, Larry Burrows, Li Zhensheng, and Raghubir Singh. Published on the occasion of the exhibition ''Everything was Moving: Photography from the 60s and 70s'', curated by Kate Bush, September 2012–January 2013 at Barbican Art Gallery, Barbican Centre, London. * ''Malian Portrait Photography''. New Platz, New York: Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art, 2013. {{ISBN|9780615510941}}. Photographs by Sidibé and Seydou Keïta, El Hadj Hamidou Maïga, Abdourahmane Sakaly, and El Hadj Tijani Àdìgún Sitou. With text by Daniel Leers. "Published on the occasion of the exhibition Malian Portrait Photography on display from January 23–April 14, 2013, in the North Gallery of the Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art at the State University of New York at New Paltz."<ref>{{cite book|title=Malian portrait photography|publisher=WorldCat|oclc=840267063}}</ref> * ''Afriphoto II''. Collection Afriphoto, Vols 5–8. Trézélan: Filigranes, 2005. {{ISBN|9782350460079}}. Vol. 5 is by Sidibé, vol. 6 is by Bill Akwa Bétotè, vol. 7 is by Omar D, and vol. 8 is by Fouad Hamza Tibin and Mohamed Yahia Issa. Edited by Corinne Julien. With texts by Guy Hersant, Jacques Matinet, and Claude Iverné. In French. === Publications about Sidibé === * ''Retrats de l'Anima: Fotografia Africana''. Barcelona: La Caixa Foundation, 1997. {{OCLC|50666491}}. By Sélim Benattiam, Cristina de Borbón, and Rosa Casamada. In Catalan and English. An exhibition catalogue. With a contribution by Mounira Khemir, "De una Punta a otra de Africa. Impresionas Fotograficas". * ''The 1960s in Bamako: Malick Sidibé and James Brown''. Paper Series on the Arts, Culture, and Society, Paper No. 11. By Manthia Diawara. New York: Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, 2001. {{OCLC|47999579}}. About Sidibé and James Brown. * ''Black Renaissance/Renaissance Noire'', Vol. 4, No. 2/3. New York: New York University, 2002. Included an essay by Manthia Diawara, ''The 1960s in Bamako: Malick Sidibé and James Brown''. * ''Black Cultural Traffic: Crossroads in Global Performance and Popular Culture''. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 2005. Edited by Harry J. Elam Jr., and Kennell Jackson Jr. {{ISBN|9780472025459}}. Includes a chapter by Manthia Diawara, "The 1960s in Bamako: Malick Sidibé and James Brown". ==Awards== *2003: Hasselblad Award for photography<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160902061553/http://www.hasselbladfoundation.org/wp/hasselblad-priset-2/previous-award-winners/ "Previous Award Winners"]. Hasselblad Foundation. Retrieved 15 April 2016.</ref> *2007: Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement, Venice Biennale<ref>Van Gelder, Lawrence (11 June 2007), [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/11/arts/11arts.html "Malian Photographer Honored at Biennale"], ''The New York Times''.</ref> *2008: Infinity Award for Lifetime Achievement, International Center of Photography (ICP), New York<ref>[https://www.lensculture.com/articles/malick-sidibe-interview-with-malick-sidibe "Interview with Malick Sidibé"]. ''LensCulture''. 2008.</ref> *2010: World Press Photo award – first prize singles, Arts and Entertainment<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160419192901/http://www.worldpressphoto.org/collection/photo/2010/arts-and-entertainment/malick-sidib%C3%A9 "Arts and Entertainment, first prize singles"]. World Press Photo. Retrieved 16 April 2016.</ref> == Collections == [[File:Malick_Sidibe's_studio.jpg|thumb|Sidibé ein negative collection, insyd ein studio insyd Bamako]] Dem hold Sidibé ein work insyd de public collections wey dey follow: * The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malick Sidibé|url=https://www.artic.edu/artists/111968/malick-sidibe|access-date=6 June 2020|website=The Art Institute of Chicago|language=en}}</ref> * The Contemporary African Art Collection (CAAC) of Jean Pigozzi, Geneva<ref name="caac" /> * J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA<ref name="getty" /> * Museum of Modern Art, New York<ref name="moma" /> * Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York<ref>[http://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2015/in-and-out-of-the-studio In and Out of the Studio: Photographic Portraits from West Africa] ''The Metropolitan Museum of Art''</ref> * San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfmoma.org/artist/Malick_Sidib%C3%A9#works|title=Malick Sidibé|work=SFMOMA}}</ref> * Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.artbma.org/2014/10/bma-voices-the-boxer/|title=BMA Voices: The Boxer.|access-date=2025-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311173950/http://blog.artbma.org/2014/10/bma-voices-the-boxer/|archive-date=2019-03-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jackshainman.com/artists/malick-sidibe/|title=Malick Sidibe – Jack Shainman Gallery}}</ref> * Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, AL<ref name=":0">[https://www.mbphoto.com/artists/58-malick-sidib/biography/ "Malick Sidibé"]. ''M+B Photo''.</ref> * Studio Museum in Harlem (New York)<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160609202827/http://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/permanent-collection/malick-sidib-untitled Permanent Collection: ''Untitled, c. 1974''| The Studio Museum in Harlem]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160609222018/http://studiomuseum.org/exhibition/permanent-collection/malick-sidibe-groupe-de-barbus Permanent Collection: ''Groupe de Barbus''| The Studio Museum in Harlem]</ref> * High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA<ref name=":0" /> * International Center of Photography, New York<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icp.org/browse/archive/objects/nuit-de-no%C3%ABl|title=Nuit de Noël|work=International Center of Photography}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/malick-sidib%C3%A9?all/all/all/all/0|title=Malick Sidibé|work=International Center of Photography}}</ref> * Moderna Museet, Stockholm<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernamuseet.se/stockholm/en/2011/02/15/fantastiska-donationer-av-fotokonst/|title=Fantastic donations of photographic art|work=Moderna Museet i Stockholm|date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernamuseet.se/stockholm/en/exhibitions/moderna-museet-co-enkehuset/information-about-keita-sidibe-and-fosso/|title=Keita, Sidibé and Fosso|work=Moderna Museet i Stockholm}}</ref> * De Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, Texas<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Museum of Fine Arts Houston Collections|url=https://emuseum.mfah.org/people/14274/malick-sidibe/objects|access-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614003704/https://emuseum.mfah.org/people/14274/malick-sidibe/objects|archive-date=14 June 2020}}</ref> ==Exhibitions== ===Solo exhibitions=== * 1995: ''Malick Sidibé: Bamako 1962–1976'', Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain, Paris<ref name="galeriedujour.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.galeriedujour.com/artistes/malicksidibe/BIO-MALICK-SIDIBE_2016.pdf |title=Galerie du jour agnès b.: Les artistes: Malick Sidibé |website=Galerie du jour agnès |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 1999: Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, IL<ref name="galeriedujour.com"/> * 1999: ''Malick Sidibé. Photographie'', Dany Keller Galerie, Munich<ref>{{cite web|url=http://danykellergalerie.de/archiv/archiv_index.htm|title=Dany Keller Galerie – Archiv|website=danykellergalerie.de|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 1999: ''Cool Cats and Twist Club'', Australian Centre for Photography, Sydney, Australia * 2000: Centre d’Art Contemporain Genève, Geneva, Switzerland<ref name="galeriedujour.com"/> * 2001: Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna, Rome, Italy<ref name="afronova.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.afronova.com/artists/malick-sidibe-2/|title=Malick Sidibé|website=Afronova Gallery}}</ref> * 2001: Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Netherlands<ref name="afronova.com"/> * 2002: HackelBury Fine Art Limited, London * 2003: Hasselblad Center, Gothenburg Museum of Art, Gothenburg, Sweden<ref name="galeriedujour.com"/> * 2004: CAV Coimbra Visual Arts Centre, Coimbra, Portugal<ref name="galeriedujour.com"/> * 2004: Museet for Fotokunst, Brandts Klaedefabrik, Odense, Denmark<ref name="afronova.com"/> * 2005: ''Photographs: 1960–2004'', Jack Shainman Gallery, New York, [[United States|USA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jackshainman.com/exhibition103.html|title=Malick Sidibe / Photographs: 1960–2004 :: JACK SHAINMAN GALLERY|first=Jack Shainman gallery. Designed by StudioRadia. Web-development by Unlabeled|last=studio.|website=jackshainman.com|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916205616/http://www.jackshainman.com/exhibition103.html|archive-date=16 September 2015}}</ref> * 2007: ''Malick Sidibé. C'est Pas Ma Faute'', Musee des arts derniers, Paris * 2007: ''Malick Sidibé. Los Sabena Club'', Fifty One Fine Art Photography, Antwerp, Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallery51.com/index.php?navigatieid=236&exhibitionid=42|title=FIFTY ONE Fine Art Photography Gallery – Exhib. Fifty One – past|website=gallery51.com|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2008: ''Malick Sidibé. Chemises'', Foam Fotografiemuseum Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands<ref name="galeriedujour.com"/> * 2009: ''Malick Sidibé. Bamako Nights'', Musée Nicéphore Niépce, Chalon sur Saône, France<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museeniepce.com/index.php?/exposition/exposition-passee/Malick-Sidibe|title=musée Nicéphore Niépce – Malick Sidibé|website=museeniepce.com|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2010: "Studio Malick", Tristan Hoare, London<ref>{{cite web |author= Hoare, Tristan |url= http://tristanhoaregallery.co.uk/app/uploads/2016/10/1814-Malick-Sidibe%CC%81.pdf |title= L'oeil de Bamako |publisher= 1841 Magazine |access-date= 22 June 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170804221410/http://tristanhoaregallery.co.uk/app/uploads/2016/10/1814-Malick-Sidibe%CC%81.pdf |archive-date= 4 August 2017}}</ref> * 2011: ''Malick Sidibé. The Eye of Bamako'', M+B Gallery, Los Angeles, CA<ref name="galeriedujour.com"/> * 2015: ''Studio Malick. Gares de Bretagne et Montparnasse'', Frac Bretagne, Conseil régional and SNCF<ref name="galeriedujour.com"/> * 2014: ''Malick Sidibé'', Jack Shainman Gallery, New York, USA<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jackshainman.com/exhibitions/past/2014/malick-sidibe/|title=MALICK SIDIBE, MARCH 28 – APRIL 26, 2014|website=jackshainman.com|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2016: ''It's Too Funky in Here! By Malick Sidibé'', FIFTY ONE TOO, Antwerp, Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallery51.com/index.php?navigatieid=248&exhibitionid=129|title=FIFTY ONE Fine Art Photography Gallery – Exhib. Fifty One Too – past|website=gallery51.com|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2017: ''Malick Sidibé. The Eye of Modern Mali'', Somerset House, London<ref name="somerset-house">{{cite web|url=https://www.somersethouse.org.uk/whats-on/malick-sidibe|title=Malick Sidibé: The Eye of Modern Mali|publisher=Somerset House|access-date=21 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/jul/27/exhibition-of-malick-sidibe-photography-to-open-in-london | date = 27 July 2016 | access-date = 21 October 2016 | first = Mark | last = Brown | newspaper = The Guardian| location = London | title = Exhibition of Malick Sidibé photography to open in London}}</ref> His first solo exhibition in the [[United Kingdom|UK]].<ref name="somerset-house" /> === Group exhibitions den festivals === * 1995: ''Seydou Keita & Malick Sidibe: Photographs From Mali'', Fruitmarket Gallery, Edinburgh, Scotland * 1996: ''Double vie, Double vue'', Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain, Paris, France * 1996: ''By Night'', Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain, Paris, France * 1999: 6th International İstanbul Biennial 1999, International Istanbul Biennial, Istanbul, Turkey * 2000: ''Africa: Past-Present'', Fifty One Fine Art Photography, Antwerp<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallery51.com/index.php?navigatieid=236&exhibitionid=10|title=FIFTY ONE Fine Art Photography Gallery – Exhib. Fifty One – past|website=gallery51.com|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2001–2003: ''You look beautiful like that: The Portrait of Photographs of Seydou Keïta and Malick Sidibé'', Fogg Museum, Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, MA; UCLA Hammer Museum, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Norton Museum of Art, West Palm Beach FL; National Portrait Gallery, London; Williams College Museum of Art, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA * 2004: ''Photography: Inaugural Installation'', Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York, USA<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/3100|title=Photography: Inaugural Installation – MoMA|website=The Museum of Modern Art|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2004: ''Seeds and Roots'', The Studio Museum in Harlem, New York, USA<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.studiomuseum.org/exhibition/seeds-and-roots-selections-the-permanent-collection|title=The Studio Museum in Harlem|website=studiomuseum.org|access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref> * 2005: ''African Art Now – Masterpieces from the Jean Pigozzi Collection'', National Museum of African Art, Washington, USA<ref>{{cite web|url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/pigozzi/intro1.html|title=National Museum of African Art – African Art Now: Masterpieces from the Jean Pigozzi Collection – Introduction|website=africa.si.edu|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028064155/https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/pigozzi/intro1.html|archive-date=28 October 2020}}</ref> * 2007: ''Why Africa? The work of 13 photographers including Sidibé, Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, Bodys Isek Kingelez, Chéri Samba, Makonde Lilanga, and Keita Seydou'', Pinacoteca Giovanni e Marella Agnelli, Turin, Italy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinacoteca-agnelli.it/visit/1218/why-africa-la-collezione-pigozzi/|title=Pinacoteca Giovanni e Marella Agnelli Why Africa? La collezione Pigozzi}}</ref> * 2009: ''Masters of Photography'', Fifty One Fine Art Photography, Antwerp, Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallery51.com/index.php?navigatieid=236&exhibitionid=67|title=FIFTY ONE Fine Art Photography Gallery – Exhib. Fifty One – past|website=gallery51.com|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2009: ''Some Tribes'', Christophe Guye Galerie, Zurich, Switzerland<ref>{{cite web|url=https://christopheguye.com/exhibitions/some-tribes/introduction|title=Some Tribes|publisher=Christophe Guye Galerie|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2010: ''Posing Beauty in African American Culture'', Art Gallery of Hamilton, Hamilton, USA<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artgalleryofhamilton.com/ex_archive10.php|title=Exhibition Archive – Art Gallery of Hamilton|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2010: ''Un Rêve Utile: Photographie Africaine 1960–2010'', BOZAR – Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bozar.be/fr/activities/2566-un-reve-utile|title=Un rêve utile|website=BOZAR|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924063026/https://www.bozar.be/fr/activities/2566-un-reve-utile|archive-date=24 September 2020}}</ref> * 2010: ''Represent: Imaging African American Culture in Contemporary Art'', Hagedorn Foundation Gallery, Atlanta, USA * 2010: ''African Stories'', Marrakech Art Fair, Marrakech * 2011: Paris Photo, Grand Palais, The Walther Collection<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/nov/13/paris-photo-review-eggleston-arbus|title=Paris Photo 2011 – review: Grand Palais, Paris|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 November 2011|access-date=18 April 2016|first=Sean|last=O'Hagan}}</ref> * 2012: ''Afrika, hin und zurück'', Museum Folkwang, Essen<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.museum-folkwang.de/nl/aktuelles/ausstellungen/archiv/afrika-hin-und-zurueck.html|title=Afrika, hin und zurück – Museum Folkwang|first=BOROS.INTERAKTIV|last=GmbH|website=Museum Folkwang|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005101220/https://www.museum-folkwang.de/nl/aktuelles/ausstellungen/archiv/afrika-hin-und-zurueck.html|archive-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2012: ''Gaze – The Changing Face of Portrait Photography'', Istanbul Modern, Istanbul, Turkey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.istanbulmodern.org/en/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/gaze-changing-face-of-portrait-photography_948.html|title=Gaze – Changing Face of Portrait Photography – İstanbul Modern|first=ISTANBUL MODERN, ISTANBUL MUSEUM OF MODERN|last=ART|website=istanbulmodern.org|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2012: ''Everything Was Moving: Photography from the 60s and 70s'', Barbican Centre,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barbican.org.uk/artgallery/event-detail.asp?ID=13613|title=Barbican – Everything Was Moving: Photography from the 60s and 70s|work=barbican.org.uk}}</ref> * 2014: ''Back to Front'', Mariane Ibrahim Gallery, Seattle, USA<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marianeibrahim.com/back-to-front-j-d-okhai-ojeikere-and-malick-sidibe|title=Mariane Ibrahim Gallery – Back to Front, J.D. 'Okhai Ojeikere and Malick Sidibe|website=marianeibrahim.com|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707115102/http://marianeibrahim.com/back-to-front-j-d-okhai-ojeikere-and-malick-sidibe|archive-date=7 July 2018}}</ref> * 2014: Ici l'Afrique, Château de Penthes, Pregny-Chambésy, France<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.penthes.ch/portfolio/lafrique-contemporaine-vue-dans-le-regard-de-ses-artistes/|title=Ici l'Afrique|website=penthes.ch|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121202332/http://www.penthes.ch/portfolio/lafrique-contemporaine-vue-dans-le-regard-de-ses-artistes/|archive-date=21 January 2022}}</ref> * 2015: ''The Pistil's waitz'', Gallery Fifty One, Antwerp, Belgium<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gallery51.com/index.php?navigatieid=236&exhibitionid=116|title=FIFTY ONE Fine Art Photography Gallery – Exhib. Fifty One – past|website=gallery51.com|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2015: ''Making Africa. Un Continente De Diseño Contemporáneo'', Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain<ref>{{cite web|url=http://makingafrica.guggenheim-bilbao.eus/exposicion/#la-exposicion-02|title=Making Africa – Museo Guggenheim Bilbao|website=Making Africa – Museo Guggenheim Bilbao|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606015158/http://makingafrica.guggenheim-bilbao.eus/exposicion/#la-exposicion-02|archive-date=6 June 2017}}</ref> * 2016: ''VIVRE !!'', Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration, Paris, France<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.histoire-immigration.fr/agenda/2016-07/vivre|title=VIVRE !! – Musée national de l'histoire de l'immigration|website=histoire-immigration.fr|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2016: ''Regarding Africa: Contemporary Art and Afro-Futurism'', Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv, Israel<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africa-tamuseum.org.il/|title=Regarding Africa: Contemporary Art and Afro-Futurism, Tel Aviv Museum of Art|website=Regarding Africa: Contemporary Art and Afro-Futurism|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112164322/http://www.africa-tamuseum.org.il/|archive-date=12 January 2021}}</ref> * 2017: ''Back Stories'', Mariane Ibrahim Gallery, Seattle, USA<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marianeibrahim.com/artists/back-stories|title=Mariane Ibrahim Gallery – BACK STORIES|website=marianeibrahim.com|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2017: ''Il Cacciatore Bianco / The White Hunter'', FM Centro per l'Arte Contemporanea, Milan, Italy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fmcca.it/it/scheda-mostra/eve/26-il-cacciatore-bianco-the-white-hunter/|title=Scheda mostra|website=fmcca.it|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2017: ''Rhona Hoffman. 40 Years: Part 3. Political'', Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, USA<ref>{{cite web|url=http://siebrenv.easycgi.com/rhoffmangallery.com/exhibition.asp?exid=624|title=Rhona Hoffman Gallery|website=siebrenv.easycgi.com|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005151552/http://siebrenv.easycgi.com/rhoffmangallery.com/exhibition.asp?exid=624|archive-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> * 2020: ''Through an African Lens: Sub-Saharan Photography from the Museum's Collections'', The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, Texas<ref>{{Cite web|title=Through an African Lens: Sub-Saharan Photography from the Museum’s Collection|url=https://www.mfah.org/exhibitions/through-african-lens-sub-saharan-photography-mfah-collection|access-date=14 June 2020|website=The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609030155/https://www.mfah.org/exhibitions/through-african-lens-sub-saharan-photography-mfah-collection|archive-date=9 June 2020}}</ref> ==Film den television appearances== *''Malick Sidibé: portrait of the artist as a portraitist'' (2006). {{OCLC|68907552}}. Direct by Susan Vogel for de National Museum of Mali / Prince Street Pictures. Produce by Vogel, Samuel Sidbe, den Catherine de Clippel. Interview plus Sidibé by Jean-Paul Colleyn. Insyd French plus English subtitles. *''Dolce Vita Africana'' (2008, Tigerlily Films). 62 mins. Direct by Cosima Spender. Produce by Natasha Dack, Nikki Parrott, den Spender. A documentary about Sidibé, den about Malian history as dem tell thru people he photograph. Insyd Bamanankan den French. Na dem show de film as part of BBC4 ein ''Storyville'' series insyd March 2008. *''Malick Sidibé, le Partage'' (2013, P.O.M. Films; Éditions de L'Œil, ADAV). 52 mins. DVD den brochure. Film by Thomas Glaser, text by Gaël Teicher. {{ISBN|9782351371558}}. De film dey insyd French plus French den English subtitles, wey de text dey insyd French. == References == <references /> == Read further == * {{Cite news|last1=Dickson|first1=Andrew|title=Malick Sidibé's Mali: Scenes of a Rollicking Night Life|work=The New York Times|date=2017-11-10|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/10/arts/design/malick-sidibes-work-reveals-a-hidden-africa-it-loves-to-party.html|issn=0362-4331}} == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHi4TG1SwFU Malick Sidibé, Icontent, Douglas Sloan Director] for YouTube top Video duration 6m:09s. Uploader Icontenttv, 2009. By Douglas Sloan. * {{Cite web|url=http://www.artnet.com/artist/15531/malick-sidibe.html|title=Malick Sidibé (Malian, born circa 1936–2016)|website=artnet.com|publisher=Artnet|quote=Malick Sidibé was a celebrated Malian photographer. Working primarily in black and white, his photographs captured lively portraits and scenes of celebration. His best-known works depict the burgeoning pop culture and nightlife of the Malian capital, prolifically documenting young people and their dress in elegantly posed studio portraits with patterned backdrops, which either match or deliberately clash with the sitters' outfits and poses.|access-date=2023-10-05}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.culturebase.net/artist.php?1259|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627033416/https://web.archive.org/web/20070627033416/http://www.culturebase.net/artist.php?1259|archive-date=2007-06-27|last=Clewing|first=Ulrich|title=Malick Sidibé: Pictures full of music|quote=Malick Sidibé got off to a late but flying start in the international art-scene with an exhibition in Paris in 1995. Since then curators and gallery owners all round the world have been vying to show his photos.|access-date=2023-10-05}} * {{Cite web|url=http://caacart.com/pigozzi-artist.php?i=Sidibe-Malick&m=48|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127013246/https://web.archive.org/web/20210506072116/http://caacart.com/pigozzi-artist.php?i=Sidibe-Malick&m=48|archive-date=2022-01-27|title=Malick Sidibé|website=caacart.com|publisher=Contemporary African Art Collection (C.A.A.C.) / The Jean Pigozzi Collection of African Art|location=Geneva|access-date=2026-09-25}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.jackshainman.com/artists/malick-sidibe/|website=jackshainman.com|title=Jack Shainman Gallery, Sidibé|access-date=2023-10-05|quote=Malick Sidibé (b. 1935, Soloba, Mali; d. 2016, Bamako, Mali) was a photographer known for his black and white images chronicling the exuberant lives and culture—often of youth—in his native Bamako, Mali.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sidibe, Malick}} [[Category:1935 births]] [[Category:2016 deaths]] [[Category:Malian photographers]] [[Category:Malian people]] [[Category:People wey komot Sikasso Region]] [[Category:People wey komot Bamako]] [[Category:20th-century photographers]] [[Category:21st-century photographers]] [[Category:21st-century Malian people]] [[Category:Fula people|Fulani People]] [[Category:Fula people|Fula People]] gmnxt1zzjk4letn7s0e049s3ppi8dqb 0 12454 116409 113305 2026-11-08T07:00:23Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nzinga Biegueng Mboup''' be a Senegalese architect based insyd Dakar, dem know for ein expertise insyd bioclimatic design den construction wey dey utilize locally-sourced earth den biomaterials.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Amar Kanwar |url=https://princeclausfund.org/nzinga-biegueng-mboup |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Prince Claus Fund |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726010454/https://princeclausfund.org/nzinga-biegueng-mboup |archive-date=2023-07-26}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Architecture (CCA) |first=Canadian Centre for |title=CCA c/o Dakar |url=https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/cca-c-o/90157/dakar |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=www.cca.qc.ca |language=en}}</ref> She sanso be recognize for ein significant contributions to architectural research, particularly insyd de study of Dakar ein urban den cultural heritage.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-08 |title=Twenty-five women architects and designers you should know |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2023/03/08/women-architect-design-international-women-day/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Dezeen |language=en}}</ref> == Early life den education == After she plet e ein architectural studies for de [[University of Pretoria]] insyd [[South Africa]], Nzinga Biegueng Mboup gain professional experience insyd Johannesburg for a period of two years. Subsequently, she pursue a Master's degree insyd Architecture for de University of Westminster insyd London. Dey follow ein academic pursuits, she join de architectural firm Adjaye Associates, wer she predominantly work for de IFC headquarters project insyd Dakar. == Career == Insyd 2019, Nzinga Biegueng Mboup co-found de architectural practice Worofila, wich dey specialize insyd bioclimatic design den construction techniques wey dey prioritize de use of locally-sourced earth den biomaterials.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=2021-05-17|title=Senegal architects ditch concrete for earth in revival of old techniques|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-senegal-architecture-idCAKCN2CY0QR|access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The practice|url=https://worofila.com/en/practice/|access-date=2023-07-26|website=Worofila|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726013942/https://worofila.com/en/practice/|archive-date=2023-07-26}}</ref> De central vision of Worofila be make e promote architecture wey no only dey possess exceptional durability buh sanso dey harmonize effectively plus de local climate.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Reuters Archive Licensing|url=https://reuters.screenocean.com/record/1616568|access-date=2023-07-26|website=Reuters Archive Licensing|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Caroline|first=Caroline|date=2022-12-05|title=Traditions et tendances d'architectures durables en Afrique de l'Ouest|url=http://lfgab.com/en/traditions-et-tendances-darchitectures-durables-en-afrique-de-louest/|access-date=2023-07-26|website=Learning from green african building|language=en-US}}</ref> Under ein guidance, Worofila successfully execute chaw projects wey dey use earth construction methods, wey dey include de Sendou home, de Ngor house, den de Goethe-Institut, in collaboration plus Kéré Architecture.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Dakar ville difficile|url=https://mafrwestafrica.net/vu-au-sud-vu-du-sud/5406-dakar-ville-difficile|access-date=2023-07-26|website=mafrwestafrica.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726010456/https://mafrwestafrica.net/vu-au-sud-vu-du-sud/5406-dakar-ville-difficile|archive-date=2023-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-02|title=Meno cemento, più terra cruda: il collettivo di architetti del Senegal che scommette sull'edilizia sostenibile per risparmiare energia e tornare alle origini|url=https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2021/06/02/news/continental_breakfast_leading_european_newspaper_alliance_senegal_architettura_sostenibile-302493172/|access-date=2023-07-26|website=la Repubblica|language=it}}</ref> Nzinga Biegueng Mboup ein multi-faceted contributions to de fields of architecture den research earn am recognition as a respected figure insyd de architectural community, both locally den internationally.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Ein commitment to sustainable den climate-conscious design, along plus ein efforts make she preserve den promote cultural heritage, continue dey have profound impact for de architectural landscape of Senegal den beyond.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=AM 419 - 420|url=https://afriquemagazine.com/am-419-420|access-date=2023-07-26|website=Afrique magazine|language=fr}}</ref> == Research == Na Nzinga Biegueng Mboup be a researcher wey affiliate plus de African Futures Institute since 2022. Na she co-author two research projects wey garner recognition den interest within de academic den architectural community.<ref name=":4" /> De first research project, dem title Dakarmorphose, na dem initiate am insyd 2017 in collaboration plus Carole Diop.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Afterall - On the Importance of Defining and Conserving Urban and Architectural Heritage in Dakar|url=https://www.afterall.org/article/on-the-importance-of-defining-and-conserving-urban-and-architectural-heritage-in-dakar|access-date=2023-07-26|website=Afterall|language=en}}</ref> Dis ongoing project dey aim make e explore de evolution of Lebu villages den de urban den cultural heritage of de city of Dakar.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Carole Diop & Nzinga Mboup|url=https://www.selebe-yoon.com/research-room/the-architectural-and-urban-development-of-dakar|access-date=2023-07-26|website=Selebe Yoon|language=en-GB}}</ref> Notably, na dem exhibit de findings from Dakarmorphose for de Dakar Art Biennale insyd both 2018 den 2022, den de research contribute to chaw scholarly papers den conferences.<ref name=":6" /> De second research endeavor, dem know as Habiter Dakar, begin insyd 2019 in partnership plus Caroline Geffriaud den de Goethe-Institut Dakar.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|date=2021-01-29|title=Living in Dakar, A Study of Senegalese Housing & Future Development|url=https://www.archdaily.com/955865/living-in-dakar-a-study-of-senegalese-housing-and-future-development|access-date=2023-07-26|website=ArchDaily|language=en-US}}</ref> Habiter Dakar be dedicated make e examine de evolution den challenges wey relate to housing insyd Dakar, dey shed light for critical issues den potential solutions give de city ein residential development.<ref name=":7" /> == Projects dem plete == === Residential === * Keur Guilaye, Keur Guilaye, 2022<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Worofila – Projects |url=https://worofila.com/en/projects/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Worofila |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726013939/https://worofila.com/en/projects/ |archive-date=2023-07-26}}</ref> * Villa N, Ndangane, 2022<ref name=":8" /> * Keru Mbuubenne, Sendou, 2021<ref name=":8" /> * Project NKD, Dakar, 2021<ref name=":8" /> === Public Facilities === * Ecopavillion, Diamniadio, 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=#22 Diamniado's Ecopavilion |url=https://www.construction21.org/articles/h/22-diamniado-s-ecopavilion.html |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=construction21.org |language=en}}</ref> * Regional Train Stations, Dakar-AIBD, 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATTIRER LES INVESTISSEURS AMÉRICAINS |url=https://www.seneplus.com/node |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=SenePlus |language=fr}}</ref> == Exhibitions == * Aesthetics & Logics, Versailles, 2022<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-05-16|title=TheBAG - VENICE BIENNALE ARCHITETTURA GUIDE 2023 - The Laboratory of the Future by Venezia News - Issuu|url=https://issuu.com/venewsmag/docs/the_bag_biennale_architettura_guide_-_18._internat|access-date=2023-07-26|website=issuu.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Biennale d'architecture et du paysage – Bap!|url=https://bap-idf.com/|access-date=2023-07-26|website=Biennale d'architecture et du paysage – Bap!|language=en}}</ref> * Reclaiming the Wolof Compound with Local Materials, London, 2021<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilson|first=Rob|date=2021-09-17|title=Delayed David Adjaye-curated Royal Academy Summer show opens|url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/practice/culture/delayed-david-adjaye-curated-royal-academy-summer-show-opens|access-date=2023-07-26|website=The Architects’ Journal|language=en}}</ref> == Awards == * Ashden Awards for Cooling in Informal Settlements, shortlisted<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-14|title=Ashden Awards longlist highlights global climate solutions - Ashden Climate Solutions|url=https://ashden.org/news/ashden-awards-longlists-highlight-global-climate-solutions/|access-date=2023-07-26|website=ashden.org|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Publications dem select == * "The Future of Mud, A Senegalese architecture firm is championing a lower-tech material than concrete to help cities prepare for climate change," July 2022<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lewis|first=Jori|date=2022-07-05|title=The Future of Mud|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2022/07/senegal-dakar-construction-mud-architecture/661405/|access-date=2023-07-26|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Women architects]] [[Category:Senegalese architects]] [[Category:University of Pretoria alumni]] [[Category:Senegalese people]] [[Category:Alumni of de University of Westminster]] [[Category:People wey komot Dakar]] enf73ydf4460d7qt3zvsigh0dmoj89h 0 13990 116363 113119 2026-11-07T20:57:47Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lucille Belle Robedeaux''' (née '''Matin''', dem born am June 10, 1915 – she die November 3, 2005), sometyms dem de bell am '''Roubedeaux''', na she be tribal leader of de Osage of Oklahoma den de last surviving native speaker of de Osage language.<ref name="endangeredlanguages">{{cite web|url=http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/osa|title=Endangered Languages Project - Osage|publisher=endangeredlanguages.com|accessdate=2015-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924011803/http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/osa|archive-date=2015-09-24}}</ref><ref name="typepad">{{cite web|url=http://ageoftheosage.typepad.com/blog/2011/09/words-of-the-tribe.html|title=Words of the Tribe - Age of the Osage|publisher=ageoftheosage.typepad.com|accessdate=2015-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135903/http://ageoftheosage.typepad.com/blog/2011/09/words-of-the-tribe.html|archive-date=2016-03-04}}</ref> == Ein Life == Dem born Lucille Belle Matin insyd Wynona, Oklahoma, daughter of Walter Jones den Maggy Helen Matin of de Eagle Clan. Ein parents move go Hominy, wer she attend ein school.<ref name="TA">{{Cite web|title=Lucille Belle Robedeaux - 2005 - Chapman Black Home|url=https://www.tributearchive.com/obituaries/386752/Lucille-Belle-Robedeaux|website=www.tributearchive.com|access-date=2025-04-07|language=en}}</ref> Na she be one of de last Osage wey do traditional marriage, plus de exchange of chaw horses.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Wedding Clothes and the Osage Community: A Giving Heritage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ToC0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT172|publisher=Indiana University Press|date=2019-10-21|isbn=978-0-253-04305-4|language=en|first=Daniel C.|last=Swan|first2=Jim|last2=Cooley}}</ref> Insyd November 4, 1946, she marry Lee Robedeaux, wey na dem get kiddies.<ref name="TA" /> Robedeaux work for St. John's Hospital, Tulsa, as nurse dema aide from de 1950s till say she retire insyd de late 1970s. As active member of de Altar Society of St. Joseph's Catholic Church den Mound Valley Homemakers, she cam turn community leader, as Elder of de Osage Nation den as advisor of de Tribal Dance Committee, wey she dey promote de carrying on of Osage traditions. Na she be fond of bull fights den de horse races insyd Hot Springs, Arkansas, weymshe travel around de [[United States|US]] den Hawaii, [[Mexico]], den Europe.<ref name="TA" /> By de tym of Robedeaux ein death insyd 2005, wey na she be ninety years, na she be de last native speaker of de Osage language. Dem initiate sam program wey go revive de language, but plus little success: "Uncle Mogre" of de Osage wey dey work say he go preserve de language talk say "Dis be de last train out.<ref name="upenn">{{cite web|url=http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?cat=83&paged=2|title=Language Log » Endangered languages|publisher=languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu|accessdate=2015-08-16}}</ref> If we no go fi do am around dis tym, then dat be all. Natin dey after dis". De Osage language dey loss for nearly 200 years.<ref name="upenn2">{{cite web|url=http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2203|title=Language Log » Talking Osage|publisher=languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu|accessdate=2015-08-16}}</ref> Dem burry Robedeaux insyd de A. J. Powell Memorial Cemetery, Hominy, Osage County, Oklahoma. Ein grave dey record ein dates of birth den death.<ref>[https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/80313090/lucille-belle-robedeaux Lucille Belle Robedeaux], findagrave.com, accessed December 23, 2020</ref> She lef hao descendants, wey dey include four great-great-grandkiddies.<ref name="TA" /> == References == [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Language activists]] [[Category:21st-century Native Americans]] [[Category:21st-century Native American women]] [[Category:20th-century Native Americans]] [[Category:20th-century Native American women]] [[Category:1915 births]] [[Category:2005 deaths]] [[Category:Osage people]] [[Category:Native American people wey komot Oklahoma]] [[Category:Last known speakers of a Native American language]] [[Category:20th-century American women]] [[Category:20th-century American people]] [[Category:21st-century American women]] [[Category:21st-century American people]] [[Category:People wey komot Osage County, Oklahoma]] 1rvkj2hcd8q3empphysd6gqbkqjuswf 0 14262 116455 114494 2026-11-08T08:56:20Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tomilayo Adekanye''' be a Nigerian professor of agricultural economics.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Akande|first=Adeolu|date=September 2, 2012|title=Nigeria: Adekanye – An Aristotle and Amazon at 70|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201209030705.html|access-date=October 12, 2017|website=ThisDay}}</ref> Na she be de first female professor for any agricultural-related field insyd Nigeria, den de first insyd agricultural economics insyd Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.oyamag.com.ng/2017/10/02/list-of-first-nigerian-professors-in-various-disciplines/ |title=List Of First Nigerian Professors In Various Disciplines |date=October 2, 2017 |website=oyamag.com |access-date=October 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111043821/https://www.oyamag.com.ng/2017/10/02/list-of-first-nigerian-professors-in-various-disciplines/ |archive-date=November 11, 2017}}</ref> == Career == She commence ein university teaching career as staff member of Department of Agricultural Economics for [[Obafemi Awolowo University]] (then University of Ife) between 1966 den 1975. She move subsequently to [[University of Ibadan]] ein Department of Agricultural Economics, as Lecturer I (1975), wey she rise to de ranks of Senior Lecturer (1977), Associate Professor (Reader), den, insyd 1980, to de full position of Professor insyd 1983. Between 1990 den 1991, na she be de Commissioner for Trade and Investment insyd Oyo State. She sanso be a one-time commissioner of agriculture insyd de state.<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 5, 2013|title=Southwest Grassroots Business and Investment Forum begins on Wednesday|url=http://businessnews.com.ng/2013/02/05/southwest-grassroots-business-and-investment-forum-begins-on-wednesday/|access-date=October 12, 2017|publisher=Business News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111094742/http://businessnews.com.ng/2013/02/05/southwest-grassroots-business-and-investment-forum-begins-on-wednesday/|archive-date=November 11, 2017}}</ref> Organizations den agencies plus wich na she previously consult for de international level dey include ECA, ILO, [[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]], IFAD, UNDP, UNICEF, UNIFEM, den Ford Foundation.<ref name="dc">{{Cite web|url=http://dawncommission.org/akinkanjuDetail.php?id=167|title=Professor Tomilayo O. Adekanye – The First Female Professor of Agricultural Economics in Africa|website=dawncommission.org|access-date=2019-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509122848/http://dawncommission.org/akinkanjuDetail.php%3Fid%3D167|archive-date=2019-05-09}}</ref> Currently, she dey teach as lecturer for Babcock University. For 1984, she carry out anoda study wey cover women from all major ethnic groups for Nigeria. De findings from dis research wey dem call ''"Women in agriculture in Nigeria: Problems and policies for development"'' prove say: if women go benefit well from farming, government need put systems for place wey go give dem both proper education and money support.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 10, 2017|title=Women in agriculture in Nigeria: Problems and policies for development|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/027753958490013X|access-date=November 10, 2017|website=Science Direct}}</ref> == Education den publications == For Google Scholar records, Adekanye ein most cited paper be di 1988 research wey take four years wey dem title ''"Women and Rural Poverty: Some Considerations From Nigeria"''. De study show say women farmers for Southwest Nigeria no dey get equal chance insyd agricultural system, wey dis dey make dem fall behind men for development matters.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=059512261|title=Women and Rural Poverty: Some Considerations From Nigeria|date=November 10, 2017|website=africabib.org|access-date=November 10, 2017}}</ref>'' Adekanye wrep important books like: * ''Women in Agriculture in Nigeria'' (Addis, ECA, 1981) * ''Women in Agriculture'' (Institute of African Studies, UI, 1988) * ''Readings in Agricultural Marketing'' (Longman, 1988) * ''African Women in Agriculture'' (CEGGAD, 2004) She sanso contribute insyd 75 oda publications as chapters insyd books, articles insyd peer-reviewed den learned journals, den monographs den technical reports.'''<ref name="dc" />''' == Ein life matter == She marry Bayo Adekanye, a professor of political science den chairmo of de governing council of [[Chrisland University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chrislanduniversity.edu.ng/Site/university-governing-council|title=University Governing Council|date=November 10, 2017|website=chrislanduniversity.edu.ng|access-date=November 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111043258/http://www.chrislanduniversity.edu.ng/Site/university-governing-council|archive-date=November 11, 2017}}</ref> == Reference == {{DEFAULTSORT:Adekanye, Tomilayo}} [[Category:1942 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Nigerian people]] [[Category:20th-century Nigerian economists]] [[Category:Nigerian women economists]] [[Category:People wey komot Oyo State]] [[Category:21st-century Nigerian economists]] [[Category:Academic staff of Obafemi Awolowo University]] [[Category:Academic staff of de University of Ibadan]] [[Category:Agricultural economists]] [[Category:Academic staff of Babcock University]] <references /> == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q42665906|c=no|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} {{authority control}} fvz0vj5ua0bo43shb2oifkxx7uembf1 0 15862 116416 113362 2026-11-08T07:19:28Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrice Émery Lumumba''' ((/pəˈtriːs lʊˈmʊmbə/ ^ⓘ ''pə-TREESS luu-MUUM-bə'';<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/lumumba "Lumumba"]. ''Collins English Dictionary''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191016233127/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/lumumba Archived] from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2023.</ref> born '''Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa''';<ref>[[:en:Patrice_Lumumba#CITEREFMulumba2019|Mulumba 2019]], p. 251.</ref> 2 July 1925 - 17 January 1961) na he be a Congolese politician den independence leader wey na he serve as de first prime minister of de [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (dem then know as de Republic of the Congo) from June til September 1960, dey follow de May 1960 election. Na he be de leader of de Congolese National Movement (MNC) from 1958 til ein assassination insyd 1961. Ideologically an African nationalist den pan-Africanist, na he play a significant role insyd de transformation of de Congo from a [[Belgian Congo|colony of Belgium]] into an independent republic. Shortly after Congolese independence insyd June 1960, na a mutiny break out insyd de army, wey dey mark de beginning of de Congo Crisis. After a coup, na Lumumba attempt make he escape to Stanleyville make he join ein supporters wey na dem establish a new anti-Mobutu state dem call de Free Republic of the Congo. Na dem capture Lumumba en route by state authorities under Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (Sese Seko), wey dem send am to de State of Katanga den, plus de help of Belgian mercenaries, dem torture den execute am by de separatist Katangan authorities of Moïse Tshombe. Insyd 2002, na Belgium formally apologise for ein role insyd de execution, wey dem dey admit "moral responsibility", wey insyd 2022, na dem return Lumumba ein tooth to ein family. Dem dey see am as a martyr give de pan-African movement. == Early life den career == [[File:Lumumba-IISG.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|Photograph of Lumumba, {{circa|1950s}}]] Na dem born Patrice Lumumba on 2 July 1925 as Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa to Julienne Wamato Lomendja den ein husby, François Tolenga Otetshima, a farmer, insyd Onalua, insyd de Katakokombe region of de Kasai province of de [[Belgian Congo]]. Na he be a member of de Tetela ethnic group, wer na he be referred to plus de name Élias Okit'Asombo. Na ein original surname dey mean "heir of de cursed" wey be derived from de Tetela words {{lang|ttl|okitá}}/{{lang|ttl|okitɔ́}} ('heir', 'successor') den {{lang|ttl|asombó}} ('cursed anaa bewitched people who go die quickly'). Na he get three bros (Charles Lokolonga, Émile Kalema, den Louis Onema Pene Lumumba) den one half-bro (Jean Tolenga). Na dem raise am insyd a Catholic family, wey he educate at a Protestant primary school, a Catholic missionary school, den finally de government post office training school, wer na he pass de one-year course plus distinction. Na he be known for he be a vocal, precocious young man, regularly dey point out de errors of ein teachers in front of ein peers. Na dis outspoken nature go cam make e define ein life den career. Na Lumumba speak Tetela, French, Lingala, Swahili, den Tshiluba. == Leader of de MNC == [[File:Patrice_Lumumba_in_1958.jpg|thumb|244x244px|Lumumba insyd 1958]] After ein release, na Lumumba help found de ''Mouvement National Congolais'' (MNC) party insyd 1958 wey na he quickly cam be de organisation ein leader.<ref name="rus">{{cite web|title=Patrice Lumumba|url=http://people.sci.pfu.edu.ru/asemenov/LUMUMBA/Lumumba.htm|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2016|publisher=Peoples' Friendship University of Russia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923035320/http://people.sci.pfu.edu.ru/asemenov/LUMUMBA/Lumumba.htm|archive-date=23 September 2016}}</ref> De MNC, unlike oda Congolese parties wey dey develop for de time, na den no draw on a particular ethnic base. Na e promote a platform wey include independence, gradual Africanisation of de government, state-led economic development, den neutrality insyd foreign affairs. Na Lumumba get a large popular wey dey follow am den as a result, na he get more political autonomy dan contemporaries wey na dem be more dependent on Belgian connections. Na Lumumba be one of de delegates wey represente de MNC for de All-African Peoples' Conference insyd [[Accra]], Ghana, insyd December 1958. For dis international conference, wey be hosted by Ghanaian presido [[Kwame Nkrumah]], na Lumumba further solidify ein pan-Africanist credentials. Na Nkrumah be personally impressed by Lumumba ein intelligence den ability. Insyd 1959, na de MNC split into de majority MNC-L, wey Lumumba lead, den de more radical den federalist MNC-K. Insyd late October 1959, na Lumumba, as leader of de MNC, na dem arrest am for he dey incite an anti-colonial riot insyd Stanleyville during wich na dem kill 30 people. Na dem sentence am to six months insyd prison. Na de trial ein start date of 18 January 1960 be de first day of de Congolese Round Table Conference insyd Brussels, na dem intend make dem make a plan for de future of de Congo. Despite Lumumba ein imprisonment, na de MNC win a convincing majority insyd de December local elections insyd de Congo. As a result of strong pressure from delegates wey be upset by Lumumba ein trial, na dem release am wey dem allow am make he attend de Brussels conference. == Final days den assassination == [[File:1960-12-05_Lumumba_Seized.ogg|thumb|''Universal Newsreel'' dey cover Lumumba ein capture den ein arrival under detention insyd Leopoldville on 2 December 1960 before transport to Thysville]] Na dem first send Lumumba on 3 December 1960 to de Thysville military barracks for Camp Hardy, 150&nbsp;km (about 100 miles) from Léopoldville. Na he be accompanied by Maurice Mpolo den Joseph Okito, two political associates wey na dem plan make dem assist am insyd make dem dey set up a new government. Na dem feed dem poorly by de prison guards, as per Mobutu ein orders. Insyd Lumumba ein last documented letter, na he wrep to Rajeshwar Dayal, head of de UN insyd de Congo: "Insyd a word, we dey live amid absolutely impossible conditions; moreover, dem be against de law."<ref name="washington">{{cite web|last=Sherer|first=Lindsey|date=16 January 2015|title=U.S. foreign policy and its Deadly Effect on Patrice Lumumba|url=http://history105.libraries.wsu.edu/spring2015/2015/01/16/white-privilege-and-its-effect-on-america/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505203910/http://history105.libraries.wsu.edu/spring2015/2015/01/16/white-privilege-and-its-effect-on-america/|archive-date=5 May 2017|access-date=21 September 2016|publisher=Washington State University}}</ref> Na dem forcibly restrain Lumumba on de flight to Elisabethville on 17 January 1961.<ref>{{cite news|title=Correspondent:Who Killed Lumumba-Transcript|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/audio_video/programmes/correspondent/transcripts/974745.txt|work=BBC|date=21 October 2000|access-date=21 May 2010}} 00.35.38–00.35.49.</ref> On arrival, na ein associates den am be conducted under arrest to de Brouwez House, wer na dem be brutally beaten den tortured by Katangan officers,<ref>{{cite book|last=Prados|first=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JokJ7K3b5fMC&q=%22Patrice+Lumumba%22+katanga+tortured&pg=PA278|title=Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2006|isbn=9781566638234|page=278}}</ref> while na Presido Tshombe den ein cabinet decide wat dem go do plus am.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/13/newsid_2541000/2541053.stm|title=BBC On This Day – 13 – 1961: Ex-Congo PM declared dead|work=BBC Online|access-date=23 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-43160052.html|title=Erschlagen im Busch|date=22 June 1961|work=Spiegel Online|language=de|access-date=23 November 2012}}</ref> Later dat night, na dem drive Lumumba, Mpolo, den Okito to an isolated spot wer na dem assemble three firing squads wey na dem be commanded by Belgian contract officer Julien Gat.<ref name="brusselstimes_20180911">{{cite web|last=Vanderstappen|first=Tom|date=11 September 2018|title=Facing the truths of Belgium's colonial past: The unresolved case of Patrice Lumumba's death|url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/news/magazine/50661/facing-the-truths-of-belgium-s-colonial-past-the-unresolved-case-of-patrice-lumumba-s-death/|url-status=live|access-date=17 January 2021|work=The Brussels Times}}</ref> Na Katangan leaders give de orders make dem murder Lumumba. Na de last stage of de execution be personally undertaken by de Belgian contracts wey Police Commissioner Frans Verscheure lead. Na dem put up Lumumba, Mpolo, den Okito against a tree wey na dem shoot one at a time. Dem think na de execution take place on 17 January 1961, between 21:40 den 21:43 according to a later Belgian parliamentary inquiry. Na Tshombe, two oda ministers, den four Belgian officers under de command of de Katangan authorities dey present. Na dem throw de bodies into a shallow grave. De following morning, on orders of Katangan Interior Minister Godefroid Munongo, wey na he want make de bodies disappear den prevent a burial site from being created, na Belgian Gendarmerie officer Gerard Soete den ein team dig up den dismember de corpses, wey dem dissolve dem insyd sulfuric acid while dem grind den scatter de bones.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kinzer|first=Stephen|title=The Brothers: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles, and Their Secret World War|publisher=Times Books|year=2013|location=New York}}</ref> Na Lumumba ein assassination allow de governments of Belgium, de [[United States|U.S]]., den reportedly de [[United Kingdom]], make dem abandon dema own assassination plans. Na Allen Dulles, then de head of de Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) support make dem assassinate Lumumba, reportedly as na he hear Eisenhower dey wish dat Lumumba "fall into a river full of crocodiles." Na Eisenhower ein involvement insyd de CIA ein assassination plans remain speculative. === Announcement of death === [[File:Protestno_zborovanje_v_Mariboru_ob_umoru_kongovskega_predsednika_Patricea_Lumumbe_1961_(3).jpg|thumb|Young protesters insyd Maribor, Yugoslavia, against de death of Lumumba, 1961]] Na dem no release statement til three weeks later, despite rumours say na Lumumba die. Na Katangan Secretary of State of Information Lucas Samalenge be one of de first people nake he reveal Lumumba ein death, on 18 January. According to De Witte, na Samalenge go to de bar ''Le Relais'' insyd Élisabethville wey na he "tell everybro willing make dem listen say na Lumumba die wey dat na he kick ein corpse. Na he go around wey he dey repeat de story til de police take am away."<ref>[[:en:Patrice_Lumumba#CITEREFDe_Witte2001|De Witte 2001]], p. 126.</ref> On 10 February, na de radio announce say na Lumumba den two oda prisoners escape.<ref>Hofmann, Paul (February 1961). "New York Times". ProQuest [https://www.proquest.com/docview/115365584 115365584].</ref> Na dem formally announce ein death over Katangan radio on 13 February: na e be alleged say na enraged villagers wey dem kill am three days after he escape from Kolatey prison farm.<ref name="bbc_1961">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/13/newsid_2541000/2541053.stm|title=1961: Ex-Congo PM declared dead|website=BBC News}}</ref> == References == <references /> === Sources === * {{cite book| title = African Studies Review| volume = 48| publisher = African Studies Association| location = New Brunswick| date = 2005| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NiUOAQAAMAAJ| issn = 1555-2462| ref = {{harvid|African Studies Review|2005}}}} * {{cite book| editor-last = Blommaert| editor-first = Jan| editor-last2 = Verschueren| editor-first2 = Jef| title = The Pragmatics of International and Intercultural Communication| publisher = John Benjamins Publishing| volume = 3| date = 1991| url = 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Knopf |location=New York |isbn=9781524748814 |url=}} * {{cite journal| last = Stack| first = James| title = The Legacy of "Lumumbisme"| journal = The New African| pages = 141–142| date = 11 July 1964| issn = 0142-9345| location = London| url = http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/sites/default/files/pdf_files/nav3n6.jul64_12.pdf| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240324061721/http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/sites/default/files/pdf_files/nav3n6.jul64_12.pdf| archive-date = 24 March 2024| access-date = 29 May 2025}} * {{Cite book |last=Stockwell |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/insearchofenemie00stoc |title=In search of enemies: a CIA story |publisher=W.W. Norton |year=1978 |isbn=9780393057058 |publication-place=New York |language=en |oclc=1035702780 |author-link=}} * {{cite book| last = Tambwe| first = Eddie| title = Recherches sur l'écrit au Congo-Kinshasa: essai de bibliologie| publisher = l'Harmattan| date = 2004| language = fr| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hw4WAQAAIAAJ| isbn = 9782747560160}} * {{cite book| last = Tödt| first = Daniel| title = The Lumumba Generation: African Bourgeoisie and Colonial Distinction in the Belgian Congo| publisher = Walter de Gruyter GmbH| date = 2021| location = Berlin| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vQVGEAAAQBAJ| isbn = 9783110709308}} * {{cite book |last1=Turner |first1=Thomas |title=The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth, and Reality |url=https://archive.org/details/congowarsconflic00turn_0 |publisher=Zed Books |location=London |date=2007 |isbn=978-1-84277-688-9 |edition=2nd }} * {{cite book| last = Vanderstraeten| first = Louis-François| title = De la Force publique à l'Armée nationale congolaise: histoire d'une mutinerie, juillet 1960| publisher = Académie royale de Belgique| edition = reprint| date = 1993| location = Brussels| language = fr| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MwMUAQAAMAAJ| isbn = 9782803101047}} * {{cite book| last = Willame| first = Jean-Claude| author-link=|title = Patrice Lumumba: la crise congolaise revisitée| publisher = Éditions Karthala| date = 1990| language = fr| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iOSjXDdkrooC| location = Paris| isbn = 9782865372706}} * {{cite book| last = Willame| first = Jean-Claude| author-link=|title = Patrimonialism and Political Change in the Congo| publisher = Stanford University Press| location = Stanford | date = 1972| url = https://archive.org/details/patrimonialismpo0000will| url-access = registration| isbn = 978-0-8047-0793-0}} * {{cite book| last = Williams| first = Susan| title = White Malice : The CIA and the Covert Recolonization of Africa| publisher = PublicAffairs| date = 2021| location = New York| isbn = 978-1-5417-6829-1}} * {{Cite book |last=De Witte |first=Ludo |url=https://archive.org/details/assassinationofl00witt |title=The Assassination of Lumumba |date=2001 |publisher=Verso |isbn=978-1-85984-618-6 |location=London |translator-last=Wright |translator-first=Ann |oclc=1028192223 |translator-last2=Fenby |translator-first2=Renée |url-access=registration}} * {{cite book| last = Young| first = Crawford| title = Politics in Congo: Decolonization and Independence| publisher = Princeton University Press| date = 2015| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=F0LWCgAAQBAJ| isbn = 9781400878574}} * {{cite journal| last = Young| first = Crawford| author-link =| title = Post-Independence Politics in the Congo| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_transition_1966_6_26/page/34| journal = Transition| issue = 26| pages = 34–41| publisher = Indiana University Press| date = 1966| doi = 10.2307/2934325| jstor = 2934325}} * {{cite book |last=Zeilig |first=Leo |year=2015 |title=Lumumba: Africa's Lost Leader |location=London |publisher=Haus Publishing |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVcrDwAAQBAJ |edition=2nd |isbn=978-1908323941 }} ==Read further== * Chotiner, Isaac, "A Dangerous Man: Why Congo's independence leader Patrice Lumumba had to die" (review of Stuart A. Reid, ''The Lumumba Plot: The Secret History of the CIA and a Cold War Assassination'', Knopf, 2023), ''The New Yorker'', 6 November 2023, pp.&nbsp;67–70. == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q161672|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|s=Author:Patrice Lumumba|wikt=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no}} * [http://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/lumumba/index.htm Speeches and writings by and about Patrice Lumumba], at [http://www.marxists.org/ ''the Marxists Internet Archive'']. * [http://www.democracynow.org/2011/1/21/patrice_lumumba_50_years_later_remembering Patrice Lumumba: 50 Years Later, Remembering the U.S.-Backed Assassination]&nbsp;– video report by ''Democracy Now!'' * [http://www.africawithin.com/lumumba/patrice_lumumba.htm Africa Within]. A rich source of information on Lumumba, including a reprint of Stephen R. Weissman's 21 July 2002 article from the ''Washington Post''. * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1805546.stm BBC] Lumumba apology: Congo's mixed feelings. * [https://www.usnews.com/usnews/doubleissue/mysteries/patrice.htm Mysteries of History] Lumumba assassination. * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTnNS-Ty4rU Lumumba and the Congo] on YouTube (Documentary of Lumumba's life and work in the Congo). * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/13/newsid_2541000/2541053.stm BBC] An "On this day" text. It features an audio clip of a BBC correspondent on Lumumba's death. * [https://jacobinmag.com/2020/06/patrice-lumumba-belgium-republic-of-congo-independence English translation] of Lumumba's speech at the 1960 independence day ceremony * [https://archives.africamuseum.be/agents/people/178 Patrice Lumumba], Royal Museum for Central Africa {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lumumba, Patrice}} [[Category:1925 births]] [[Category:1961 deaths]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:People dem murder insyd 1961]] [[Category:African den Black nationalists]] [[Category:African revolutionaries]] [[Category:Revolutionaries dem assassinate]] [[Category:Anti-imperialists]] [[Category:Articles wey dey contain video clips]] [[Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo politicians dem assassinate]] [[Category:Deaths by firearm insyd de Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo pan-Africanists]] [[Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo people]] [[Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo torture victims]] [[Category:Évolués]] [[Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo people dem execute]] [[Category:Prime ministers dem execute]] [[Category:Revolutionaries dem execute]] [[Category:Leaders dem oust by coup]] [[Category:Lumumba Government members]] [[Category:Minister of Defence of de Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:Mouvement National Congolais politicians]] [[Category:People wey komot Sankuru]] [[Category:People dem kill insyd Belgian intelligence operations]] [[Category:People of de Congo Crisis]] [[Category:Prime ministers of de Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:Presidents of de Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:Tetela people]] [[Category:Politicians dem assassinate insyd de 1960s]] j778jvd3hics17nvmhl45q69s3iwc9p 0 16837 116386 114464 2026-11-08T03:41:38Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116386 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Green New Deal banner, 15 March 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|A hashtag on a protest placard insyd 2019]] '''Hashtag activism''' mean say people dey use social media hashtags take do online activism or fight for social issues.<ref name=":0">[https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473945562 "#Feminism"]. ''Sage Knowledge''. 2015. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4135/9781473945562|10.4135/9781473945562]].</ref> De hashtag now turn one of de ways wey social media dey help people join social movements wey dem dey get involved for civic matta.<ref name=":1">Humphreys, Ashlee (2016). ''[[oclc:908698924|Social media : enduring principles]]''. Oxford. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-932843-7|978-0-19-932843-7]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/908698924 908698924].</ref> Wen people use de hashtag for social media, e dey give dem chance so say dem go share info weh dey dema mind on social issues. E sanso make followers fit join de talk, interact, den be part of big big matta wey fi bring change.<ref>Mann, Alana (2017-12-22), [https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315109930-9 "Hashtag activism and the right to food in Australia"], ''Digital Food Activism'', Routledge, pp. 168–184, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4324/9781315109930-9|10.4324/9781315109930-9]], [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781315109930|9781315109930]]</bdi>, retrieved 2022-03-06</ref> de hashtag itself de consists of word or phrase wey dey connected to social or political issue, plus de fosters a place where discourse go fit occur.<ref>{{Citation|title=Spreading Feminism Online|date=2022|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350231528.ch-002|work=Weibo Feminism|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|doi=10.5040/9781350231528.ch-002|isbn=978-1-3502-3152-8|s2cid=247044502|access-date=2022-03-06|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Social media de provide important platform for historically marginalized populations. With hashtags, dose groups fit talk, gather people, plus advocate for issues wey be less visible to de mainstream.<ref>{{Cite thesis|title=Giving voice: the use of interactive theatre as professional development in higher education to reduce alienation of marginalized groups|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.32469/10355/5506|publisher=University of Missouri Libraries|first=Carol J.|last=Maples|year=2008|doi=10.32469/10355/5506|hdl=10355/5506|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Pipo wey dey support dis hashtag activism dey feel say e fit connect people all over di world quick-quick plus dem fit share info well. But critics no dey buy am, dem dey doubt say dis hashtag activism fit bring real change, because pipo just dey show say dem care small by posting hashtag, instead of doing wetin go really fit change things.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2012-01-27 |title=New York Times 'Science Times' continues its focus on scientific publishing and open access |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.4.0206 |journal=[[Physics Today]] |doi=10.1063/pt.4.0206 |issn=1945-0699 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Ein History == De way wey people dey use hashtag today for social media, e start for Twitter insyd, wen one former Google developer, Chris Messina, suggest am for 2007. De idea behind am be say make users fi use am like meta tag to follow news anaa updates about one event anaa topic. Buh na Twitter first no like de idea. Dem talk say "dis hashtag thing na people weh sabi in matta".<ref>Panko, Ben. [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/decade-ago-hashtag-reshaped-internet-180964605/ "A Decade Ago, the Hashtag Reshaped the Internet"]. ''[[:en:Smithsonian_(magazine)|Smithsonian]]''. Retrieved 2022-03-06.</ref> but later that year wey #sandiegofire enter, e make people fit track content wetin dey happen for de fire, safety of demma loved ones, plus any updates wey dey. De hashtag don spread go other social media like Facebook, Instagram, den TikTok.<ref name=":1" /> Since 2007, dem dey use hashtag to gather people online, find supporters, plus set up protests make everybody fit participate actively for social den political movements. == Notable examples == De following notable examples be organized by categories: human rights, awareness, political, den trends. === Race === ==== United States origin ==== ===== #BlackLivesMatter ===== {{Main|Black Lives Matter}}De Black Lives Matter movement dey call for make dem stop police wahala and killings of our African-American bros for U.S. De #BlackLivesMatter hashtag na Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi wey start as dem respond to George Zimmerman trial wey shoot plus kill 17-year-old Trayvon Martin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Guobin |date=2016-08-11 |title=Narrative Agency in Hashtag Activism: The Case of #BlackLivesMatter |url=https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/692 |journal=Media and Communication |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=13–17 |doi=10.17645/mac.v4i4.692 |issn=2183-2439 |doi-access=free}}</ref> This hashtag come back strong for 2014 after dem shoot Michael Brown for Ferguson, Missouri, den after grand jury no fit charge police officer Daniel Pantaleo for Eric Garner death.<ref name="Yes Magazine">{{cite news|last1=Weedston|first1=Lindsey|title=12 Hashtags That Changed the World in 2014|url=http://www.yesmagazine.org/people-power/12-hashtags-that-changed-the-world-in-2014|access-date=24 October 2015|magazine=[[Yes! (U.S. magazine)|Yes!]]|date=19 December 2014}}</ref> For summer of 2020, de hashtag get another wave sekof of George Floyd den Breonna Taylor wey police kill.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Knight Steele |first=Catherine |date=2021-07-04 |title=When the Black lives that matter are not our own: digital Black feminism and a dialectic of self and community |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14680777.2021.1949370 |journal=Feminist Media Studies |language=en |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=860–863 |doi=10.1080/14680777.2021.1949370 |issn=1468-0777 |s2cid=237206966 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ===== #IStandWithAhmed ===== ''Main article: [[:en:Ahmed_Mohamed_clock_incident|Ahmed Mohamed clock incident]]'' I dey with Ahmed: For 2015, one teenage student wey dem call Ahmed Mohamed, dem arrest am for him high school for Irving, Texas because teacher no fit sabi say the clock wey he assemble no be bomb. E no get any crime wey dem fit charge am, but dem suspend am from school. Small time after dem scan him story for news, one tech blogger wey dem call Anil Dash tweet picture of Ahmed wey dem arrest for him NASA T-shirt plus de #IstandwithAhmed. Him tweet go viral and people dey accuse school of racism and Islamophobia. E start online movement wey plenty people, including scientists plus engineers, dey tweet support for Ahmed under de same hashtag. ===== #TakeAKnee ===== <nowiki>#</nowiki>TakeAknee don be movement since 2016 wey dem create to shine light on police wahala and racial wahala wey dey happen for America.<ref>{{Cite web|author=AJ Willingham|date=27 September 2017|title=The #TakeAKnee protests have always been about race. Period|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/27/us/nfl-anthem-protest-race-trump-trnd/index.html|access-date=2019-04-03|website=CNN}}</ref> Dis movement na from NFL players, wey Colin Kaepernick be di big name, as dem dey kneel when national anthem dey play; dis thing cause plenty matter because some people see am as bad disrespect wey dey insult American flag, di soldiers, and wetin di flag stand for. Dis movement later make #BoycottNFL den controversy wahala wey cause NFL to ban players wey no wan stand for di anthem, or make dem hide for locker room.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Breuninger|first=Kevin|date=2018-05-23|title=NFL bans on-field kneeling during the national anthem|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/23/nfl-bans-on-field-kneeling-during-the-national-anthem.html|access-date=2019-04-03|website=cnbc.com}}</ref> #TakeAKnee dey popular as "U.S. National Anthem Protest", e dey resemble all di protests wey happen during civil rights time, as athletes for different sports dey lead plenty protests.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Whitman |first1=Walt |title=Walt Whitman's selected journalism |last2=Noverr |first2=Douglas A |last3=Stacy |first3=Jason |date=2014 |publisher=University of Iowa Press |isbn=978-1-60938-315-2 |oclc=891494733}}</ref> While dem dey protest di police wahala wey African Americans dey face, some white American athletes too dey take knee.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 August 2017|title=First white NFL player to kneel during national anthem explains his decision|url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/first-white-nfl-player-to-kneel-during-national-anthem-explains-his-decision/|access-date=2019-05-01|website=CBSSports.com}}</ref> Overall, di #TakeAKnee movement bring plenty wahala wey go fit question di legal and constitutional rights of people and di way dem fit protest di U.S. National Anthem.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fickling |first1=David |date=April 2004 |title=Court rules girl can take sex-change therapy |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_2004-04-24_363_9418/page/n50 |journal=The Lancet |volume=363 |issue=9418 |pages=1373 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16091-1 |pmid=15114989 |s2cid=36346904}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Scott |first1=David |last2=Chanslor |first2=Mike |last3=Dixon |first3=Jennifer |date=January 2010 |title=FAIR and the PBS NewsHour: Assessing Diversity and Elitism in News Sourcing |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_communication-quarterly_july-september-2010_58_3/page/319 |journal=Communication Quarterly |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=319–340 |doi=10.1080/01463373.2010.503165 |s2cid=144183820}}</ref> ===== #MyAsianAmericanStory ===== For August 2015, one 15-year-old student wey dem call Jason Fong start #MyAsianAmericanStory to shine light on immigration stories of Asian Americans after presidential candidate Jeb Bush talk something about Asian people wey dey born 'anchor babies'.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|date=2015-08-25|title=Student starts #MyAsianAmericanStory in response to Bush remarks|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-high-school-student-myasianamericanstory-anchor-baby-narrative-20150825-htmlstory.html|access-date=2020-06-08|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=France|first=Lisa Respers|date=26 August 2015|title=#MyAsianAmericanStory starts after Jeb Bush comment|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/08/26/living/my-asian-american-story-feat/index.html|access-date=2020-06-08|website=CNN}}</ref> Fong talk say him start de hashtag to show say 'Asian-Americans dey part of di American story'.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-08-26|title=#MyAsianAmericanStory: The power of hashtags in the presidential race|work=[[Christian Science Monitor]]|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/USA-Update/2015/0826/MyAsianAmericanStory-The-power-of-hashtags-in-the-presidential-race|access-date=2020-06-08|issn=0882-7729}}</ref> People wey use di tag dey tweet about dem different family immigration history plus how dem don face racism.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Journal|first=Emily Jan, National|date=2015-08-31|title=Asian-Americans Take on Bush's 'Anchor Babies' Comments|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/08/asian-americans-take-on-bushs-anchor-babies-comments/432672/|access-date=2020-06-08|website=The Atlantic}}</ref> Fong say him get inspiration to start #MyAsianAmericanStory from hashtags like #BlackLivesMatter plus participate for other hashtag campaigns like #Asians4BlackLives to show say him dey support to break down 'di broken system wey dey protect police misconduct'.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> ===== #thisis2016 ===== For October 2016, after some anti-Asian wahala wey happen for New York City, Michael Luo write beta letter to the victim. The New York Times drop video wey dem call "#thisis2016: Asian-Americans Respond."<ref>{{cite web|date=15 November 2016|title=How The New York Times made the #thisis2016 video of Asian-Americans responding to racism|url=http://www.storybench.org/how-did-the-new-york-times-tell-stories-about-asian-americans-response-to-racism/|website=Storybench}}</ref> De video show different Asian Americans wey don chop racism before.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/100000004706646/thisis2016-asian-americans-respond.html|title=#thisis2016: Asian-Americans Respond|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=13 October 2016}}</ref> From there, #thisis2016 turn hashtag wey dey shine light on de racism wey Asian Americans de face.<ref>{{cite web|last=King|first=Hope|date=10 October 2016|title=#Thisis2016 rallies Asian Americans against racist encounters|url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/10/10/technology/thisis2016-michael-luo-nytimes/index.html|access-date=17 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250612203853/https://money.cnn.com/2016/10/10/technology/thisis2016-michael-luo-nytimes/index.html|archive-date=12 June 2025}}</ref> Later, #BrownAsiansExist come enter the picture after dem write letter to The New York Times wey show say dem no happy say South and Southeast Asian Americans no dey for the "#thisis2016" video.<ref>{{cite web|last=David|first=E. J. R.|date=15 October 2016|title=An Open Letter To The 'New York Times' Who Told Brown Asians They Don't Matter|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/an-open-letter-to-the-new-york-times-who-told-brown_us_5801ac3fe4b0985f6d1570f1|website=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref> #BrownAsiansExist dey show how dem dey erase South den Southeast Asian Americans insyde de American media wey dey portray Asian Americans.<ref>{{cite web|date=17 October 2016|title=South Asians, Filipinos call out lack of inclusion in 'Times' video about racism|url=https://mic.com/articles/156889/south-asians-filipinos-call-out-lack-of-inclusion-in-times-video-about-racism#.XQuR96yhT}}</ref> ===== #OscarsSoWhite ===== <nowiki>#</nowiki>OscarSoWhite be hashtag campaign wey BroadwayBlack.com managing editor April Reign start, e start because of 2016 Oscars nominees.<ref>{{Cite web|title=#OscarsSoWhite controversy: What you need to know|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2016/02/02/oscars-academy-award-nominations-diversity/79645542/|access-date=2019-05-01|website=USA TODAY}}</ref> All di 20 actors wey dem nominate for lead and supporting categories na white people, even though plenty films for dat year get African American leads wey don collect critics' prizes plus guild awards.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 February 2016|title=Oscar nominees discuss diversity in Hollywood amid the #OscarsSoWhite backlash|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-oscars-so-white-reaction-htmlstory.html|access-date=2019-05-01|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Di campaign start big talk about diversity, representation, and racism for di film industry.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/03/oscarssowhite-is-still-relevant-this-year|title=#OscarsSoWhite Is Still Relevant This Year|magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|date=2 March 2018|access-date=2019-05-01}}</ref> Dis movement wan make pressure wey go fit change di racial makeup of di academy members well well.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/28/business/media/oscars-voting-pool-expands-with-female-and-minority-membership-expected-to-rise.html|title=Oscars Voting Pool Expands, With Female and Minority Membership Expected to Rise|last=Barnes|first=Brooks|date=2017-06-28|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-05-01|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After the hashtag cruise, di academy bring 41% minority voters and 46% female voters come onboard.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/is-the-era-of-oscarssowhite-over|title=Is the Era of #OscarsSoWhite Over?|last=Schulman|first=Michael|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|date=2018-01-23|access-date=2019-05-01|issn=0028-792X}}</ref> Production companies dey feel di heat too, so dem start to mix am up for dem casting and staffing decisions. Dem hire Ava Duvernay, wey be African-American woman, to run di production of A Wrinkle in Time plus dem still hire non-white actors for di traditionally white Star Wars series.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-09|title=How 'Wrinkle in Time' director Ava DuVernay is breaking down walls in Hollywood|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-wrinkle-in-time-director-ava-duvernay-is-breaking-down-walls-in-hollywood|access-date=2019-05-01|website=PBS NewsHour}}</ref> ===== #PublishingPaidMe ===== === Black Women's Rights === ==== United States origin ==== ===== #SayHerName ===== <nowiki>#</nowiki>SayHerName start for 2015 by African American Policy Forum wey Kimberle Crenshaw lead. De aim of #SayHerName be to shine light for media and public on how dem dey abuse and kill Black women (both cis and transgender) wey police dey handle.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Williams |first=Sherri |date=2016-09-02 |title=#SayHerName: using digital activism to document violence against black women |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14680777.2016.1213574 |journal=Feminist Media Studies |language=en |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=922–925 |doi=10.1080/14680777.2016.1213574 |issn=1468-0777 |s2cid=261700433 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> When Sandra Bland die for police custody, e make de hashtag go viral plus help bring plenty stories of other Black women wey don die through police voilence. #SayHerName sef dey connect to de deaths of Breonna Taylor, Aura Rosser, Tanisha Anderson den plenty others.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Borda |first1=Jennifer L. |last2=Marshall |first2=Bailey |date=2020-04-02 |title=Creating a space to #SayHerName: Rhetorical stratification in the networked sphere |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00335630.2020.1744182 |journal=Quarterly Journal of Speech |language=en |volume=106 |issue=2 |pages=133–155 |doi=10.1080/00335630.2020.1744182 |issn=0033-5630 |s2cid=216278507 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Women's rights === ==== United States origin ==== ===== #YesAllWomen ===== YesAllWomen na Twitter hashtag wey people dey use share stories about how dem dey treat women bad plus all de wahala wey women dey face.<ref name="Nytimes">{{cite web|last=Medina|first=Jennifer|date=May 27, 2014|title=Campus Killings Set Off Anguished Conversation About the Treatment of Women|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/27/us/campus-killings-set-off-anguished-conversation-about-the-treatment-of-women.html?ref=us&_r=0|access-date=28 May 2014|website=The New York Times}}</ref> #YesAllWomen, dem create am for reaction to another hashtag #NotAllMen, wey want make people sabi say all women dey suffer from sexism plus harassment, even though no be all men dey do am. Dis hashtag don enter social media sharp sharp, make women fit talk about dem own experiences of misogyny plus sexism.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Zimmerman|first=Jess|date=2014-04-28|title=Not All Men Meme Rise of Defense Against Sexism Misogyny|url=https://time.com/79357/not-all-men-a-brief-history-of-every-dudes-favorite-argument/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=13 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Bridges|first=Jeff|date=2014-06-02|title=#NotAllMen Don't Get It|url=https://time.com/2809276/notallmen-dont-get-it/|magazine=Time|access-date=13 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Plait|first=Phil|date=2014-05-27|title=Not all men: How discussing women's issues gets derailed|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/05/27/not_all_men_how_discussing_women_s_issues_gets_derailed.html|access-date=13 July 2014|publisher=Slate.com}}</ref><ref name="jezebel">{{cite web|date=8 May 2014|title=Your Guide to 'Not All Men,' the Best Meme on the Internet|url=http://jezebel.com/your-guide-to-not-all-men-the-best-meme-on-the-interne-1573535818|access-date=16 September 2017|website=jezebel.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Vendituoli|first=Monica|date=2014-05-28|title=#NotAllMen, but #YesAllWomen: Campus Tragedy Spurs Debate on Sexual Violence - Students - The Chronicle of Higher Education|url=http://chronicle.com/article/NotAllMen-but-YesAllWomen-/146811/|access-date=13 July 2014|publisher=Chronicle.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pachal|first=Pete|date=26 May 2014|title=How the #YesAllWomen Hashtag Began|work=[[Mashable]]|url=http://mashable.com/2014/05/26/yesallwomen-hashtag/|access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="valenti">{{cite web|last=Valenti|first=Jessica|date=28 May 2014|title=#YesAllWomen reveals the constant barrage of sexism that women face|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/may/28/yesallwomen-barage-sexism-elliot-rodger|access-date=8 June 2014|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=28 May 2014|title=#YesAllWomen Puts Spotlight On Misogyny|publisher=NPR}}</ref> De hashtag be popular reach May 2014 when dem dey discuss de Isla Vista killings.<ref name="CNN">{{cite web|last=Grinberg|first=Emanuella|date=27 May 2014|title=Why #YesAllWomen took off on Twitter|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/27/living/california-killer-hashtag-yesallwomen/|access-date=28 May 2014|website=CNN Living|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref name="LA Times">{{cite news|last=Pearce|first=Matt|title=#YesAllWomen: Isla Vista attack puts a spotlight on gender violence|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-isla-vista-women-20140525-story.html|access-date=28 May 2014|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=25 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="TheTennesean">{{cite news|last=O'Neill|first=Kate|date=June 6, 2014|title=Hashtag activism offers chance to take a stand|work=The Tennessean|url=http://www.tennessean.com/story/money/2014/06/07/hashtag-activism-offers-chance-take-stand/10104895/|access-date=7 June 2014}}</ref> ===== #ShoutYourAbortion ===== <nowiki>#</nowiki>ShoutYourAbortion be hashtag plus social media campaign wey dey happen for Twitter wey dey encourage women wey don go through abortion to fit talk di matter wey dey surround am.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/sep/22/i-set-up-shoutyourabortion-because-i-am-not-sorry-and-i-will-not-whisper|title=I set up #ShoutYourAbortion because I am not sorry, and I will not whisper|last=West|first=Lindy|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=26 October 2015|date=2015-09-22}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/02/us/hashtag-campaign-twitter-abortion.html|title=#ShoutYourAbortion Gets Angry Shouts Back|last=Lewin|first=Tamar|date=2015-10-01|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=26 October 2015|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":4">Norris, Alison, et al. "Abortion Stigma: A Reconceptualization of Constituents, Causes, and Consequences". ''Women's Health Issues'' 21.3, Supplement (2011): S49-54. Web.</ref> Di hashtag na American writer Lindy West plus friends Amelia Bonow plus Kimberly Morrison come create am because of di US House of Representatives wey wan cut funding for Planned Parenthood after di Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover video controversy wahala.<ref name="Pearson2">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/22/living/shout-your-abortion-feat/|title=Women embrace, criticize #ShoutYourAbortion|last1=Pearson|first1=Michael|date=29 September 2015|access-date=12 October 2015|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/tens-of-thousands-of-women-share-their-abortion-experiences-in-global-attempt-to-end-stigma-10512161.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/tens-of-thousands-of-women-share-their-abortion-experiences-in-global-attempt-to-end-stigma-10512161.html|archive-date=2022-05-09|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=Tens of thousands of women share their abortion experiences in global attempt to end stigma|last1=Buchanan|first1=Rose|date=22 September 2015|access-date=12 October 2015|newspaper=The Independent}}</ref><ref name="Wilmer">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34327404|title=The women 'shouting' their abortions|last1=Wilmer|first1=Henry|date=22 September 2015|access-date=12 October 2015|work=BBC}}</ref><ref name="Bowden2">{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/09/22/shout-your-abortion-sees-women-take-to-social-media-to-help-save-planned-parenthood-funding_n_8174748.html|title=Planned Parenthood's #ShoutYourAbortion Sees Women Take To Social Media To Help Save Funding|last1=Bowden|first1=George|date=22 September 2015|access-date=13 October 2015|work=Huffington Post}}</ref><ref name="Aditi">{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/shoutyourabortion-hashtag-started-sparked-movement/story?id=34631955|title=How the #ShoutYourAbortion Hashtag Started and Sparked a New Movement|last1=Roy|first1=Aditi|date=23 October 2015|access-date=23 October 2015|work=ABC News}}</ref> ===== #ilooklikeanengineer ===== For August 2015, #ilooklikeanengineer campaign begin. Na Isis Anchalee start am to promote discussion about gender issues wahala.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lien|first=Tracey|date=4 August 2015|title=Think you know what an engineer looks like? #ilooklikeanengineer says think again|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-i-look-like-an-engineer-20150804-story.html|access-date=22 November 2016|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Anchalee come up with di hashtag because people dey vex say dem show her face for ad campaign for de company wey she de work for. One year after dem create #ilooklikeanengineer, 250,000 people don use the hashtag.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Anchalee|first=Isis|date=2016-08-03|title=#iLookLikeAnEngineer: One Year Later – Startup Grind|url=https://medium.com/startup-grind/ilooklikeanengineer-one-year-later-b599e0cae817|access-date=22 November 2016|website=Medium}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sciencealert.com/the-best-tweets-from-the-ilooklikeanengineer-hashtag|title=The Best Tweets From the #ILookLikeAnEngineer Hashtag|last=MacDonald|first=Fiona|newspaper=ScienceAlert|access-date=22 November 2016}}</ref> ===== #MeToo ===== <nowiki>#</nowiki>MeToo be hashtag for Twitter wey dey raise awareness about sexual assault, E dey encourage survivors make dem share demma stories.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carmody-McIntosh|first=Karen|date=2018-02-07|title=Me Too: Hashtag and Social Movement|url=https://www.continuum.umn.edu/2018/02/hashtag-social-movement/|access-date=2019-03-04|website=continuum {{!}} University of Minnesota Libraries|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219130535/https://www.continuum.umn.edu/2018/02/hashtag-social-movement/|archive-date=2019-02-19}}</ref> Dis hashtag start for 2007 by Tarana Burke,<ref>{{Cite web|title=#Me Too - What Next?|url=https://nwlc.org/issues/me-too/|access-date=2019-04-03|website=NWLC}}</ref> but later people sabi am well well when dem bring am come media for October 15, 2017, as Alyssa Milano use Twitter take encourage people<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-15|title=1 year since Alyssa Milano's first #MeToo tweet: Have things actually changed for women?|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/lifestyle/healthandlife/1-year-since-alyssa-milanos-first-metoo-tweet-have-things-actually-changed-for-women-875824.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043950/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/lifestyle/healthandlife/1-year-since-alyssa-milanos-first-metoo-tweet-have-things-actually-changed-for-women-875824.html|archive-date=2019-03-06|access-date=2019-03-04|website=irishexaminer.com}}</ref> make dem talk about demma experience wey dem get with assault den say 'Me Too'.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=The Facts Behind the #metoo Movement|url=http://www.raliance.org/report_posts/the-facts-behind-the-metoo-movement/|access-date=2019-04-03|website=Raliance}}</ref> At first, e just wan make people sabi, but #MeToo turn big movement. By October 2018, dem don use di hashtag 19 million times.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The #MeToo hashtag has been used roughly 19 million times on Twitter in the past year, and usage often surges around news events|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/10/11/how-social-media-users-have-discussed-sexual-harassment-since-metoo-went-viral/ft_18-10-11_metooanniversary_hashtag-used-19m_times/|access-date=2019-03-04|website=Pew Research Center}}</ref> Di movement don spark plenty other movements like #HowIWillChange<ref>{{cite journal |last1=PettyJohn |first1=Morgan E. |last2=Muzzey |first2=Finneran K. |last3=Maas |first3=Megan K. |last4=McCauley |first4=Heather L. |date=October 2019 |title=#HowIWillChange: Engaging men and boys in the #MeToo movement |journal=Psychology of Men & Masculinity |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=612–622 |doi=10.1037/men0000186 |s2cid=149743156}}</ref> plus e don make some people face punishment for wetin dem do.<ref name=":5" /> As dem react, dem create #HimToo hashtag to talk about di social media campaign wey dey follow false rape allegation. ===== #WomensMarch ===== For January 21, 2017, e be like say 2.6 million people waka all over di world because of wetin Donald Trump wey just win election talk.<ref>{{Cite web|title=At 2.6 million strong, Women's Marches crush expectations|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/21/womens-march-aims-start-movement-trump-inauguration/96864158/|access-date=2019-04-03|website=USA TODAY}}</ref> De march, dem organize am primarily online through Facebook.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 January 2018|title=Women's March|url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/womens-march|access-date=2019-04-03|website=HISTORY}}</ref> Now every year, di Women's March dey happen to make people sabi human rights plus to dey advocate for am with peaceful protest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 Agenda|url=https://womensmarch.com/agenda|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401181012/https://womensmarch.com/agenda|archive-date=2019-04-01|access-date=2019-04-03|website=Women's March}}</ref> Like other hashtag movements, #WomensMarch get online presence too. Dem get Facebook page wey dey active, verified as Women's March, wey dem create for November 20, 2016.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Women's March|url=https://www.facebook.com/womensmarchonwash/|access-date=2019-04-03|website=facebook.com}}</ref> As of April 2, 2019, people don like am over 800,000 plus dem get followers wey pass 850,000 users.<ref name=":2" /> Apart from di official page, dey plenty pages wey dey show for different areas like Women's March for Connecticut, Women's March for San Diego, plus Women's March for Milan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women's March CT - We March On|url=https://www.facebook.com/womensmarchct/|access-date=2019-04-03|website=facebook.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Women's March San Diego|url=https://www.facebook.com/womensmarchsandiego/|access-date=2019-04-03|website=facebook.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Women's March - Milan|url=https://www.facebook.com/WomensMarchMilan/|access-date=2019-04-03|website=facebook.com}}</ref> Plus, for Instagram too, di Women's March Movement dey flex well well, as of April 2019, de page get 1.2 million followers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women's March (@womensmarch) • Instagram photos and videos|url=https://www.instagram.com/womensmarch/|access-date=2019-04-03|website=instagram.com}}</ref> ==== International origin ==== ===== #EleNão ===== [[File:EleNao_(Porto_Alegre,_2018-09-29)_52.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EleNao_(Porto_Alegre,_2018-09-29)_52.jpg|thumb|Protester insyde Porto Alegre, Brazil, participating for de Ele Não movement.]] For September 19, 2018, Ele Não movement wey dem dey call "Ele Não" (meaning "no be him" for Portuguese), also known as de protests against Jair Bolsonaro, na women dey lead demonstrations wey happen for plenty regions for Brazil plus di world. Dem main aim na to show say dem no wan Bolsonaro plus him presidential campaign plus him sexist declarations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2018/09/29/politica/1538226863_062834.html|title=Mulheres lideram multidão contra Bolsonaro em São Paulo, Rio e Recife|date=September 30, 2018|newspaper=El País|language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/15-imagens-que-resumem-os-atos-a-favor-e-contra-jair-bolsonaro-pelo-brasil/|title=15 imagens que resumem os atos a favor e contra Jair Bolsonaro pelo Brasil|date=September 30, 2018|magazine=[[Exame]]|language=pt-BR|access-date=May 19, 2019|archive-date=March 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328181410/https://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/15-imagens-que-resumem-os-atos-a-favor-e-contra-jair-bolsonaro-pelo-brasil/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=30 September 2018 |title=Um protesto histórico, menos na tevê |url=http://piaui.folha.uol.com.br/um-protesto-historico-menos-na-teve/ |journal=Revista Piauí |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2018-09-30 |title=Mulheres quebram o jejum das ruas no Brasil com manifestações contra Bolsonaro |url=https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2018/09/30/politica/1538270819_523141.html |journal=El País |language=pt-BR}}</ref> ===== #WhereisPengShuai ===== After November 2021 wen Chinese tennis player Peng Shuai vanish, dem start use hashtag #WhereisPengShuai for Twitter,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women This Week: #WhereIsPengShuai|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-week-whereispengshuai|access-date=2021-12-10|website=Council on Foreign Relations}}</ref> plus na athletes like Serena Williams<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 November 2021|title=Serena Williams latest tennis great to ask: Where is Peng Shuai?|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/china/serena-williams-latest-tennis-great-ask-peng-shuai-rcna6066|access-date=2021-12-10|website=NBC News}}</ref> plus Naomi Osaka dey tweet am.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Alexander|date=2021-11-18|title=Naomi Osaka joins calls for answers after Chinese tennis star's sexual assault allegations|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/18/peng-shuai-naomi-osaka-joins-calls-for-answers-after-metoo-allegations.html|access-date=2021-12-10|website=CNBC}}</ref> ===== #MahsaAmini ===== Amini wey dem beat am and kill am make plenty people vex for social media. Di hashtag #MahsaAmini don turn one of di most used hashtag for Persian Twitter. Di number of tweets plus retweets for dis hashtag don pass 80 million.<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 September 2022|title=Fury grows in Iran over woman who died after hijab arrest|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/fury-grows-iran-over-woman-who-died-after-hijab-arrest-social-media-2022-09-18/|url-status=live|access-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919232221/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/fury-grows-iran-over-woman-who-died-after-hijab-arrest-social-media-2022-09-18/|archive-date=19 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=هشتگ مهسا امینی ترند جهانی شد – DW – ۱۴۰۱/۶/۲۷|url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA%DA%AF-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF/a-63162808|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919005407/https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA%DA%AF-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF/a-63162808|archive-date=19 September 2022|access-date=20 September 2022|publisher=Deutsche Welle|language=fa}}</ref> Some Iranian women dey post video for social media wey demselves dey cut demma hair as protest.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 September 2022|title=Iran women cut their hair to protest against death of 22-year-old woman in custody|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/iran-women-cut-their-hair-to-protest-against-death-of-22-year-old-woman-8160043/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919104412/https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/iran-women-cut-their-hair-to-protest-against-death-of-22-year-old-woman-8160043/|archive-date=19 September 2022|access-date=19 September 2022|website=[[Indian Express Limited]]}}</ref> Dem report say on 21 September, Iranian government don block internet make nobody fit use Instagram den WhatsApp. Dem still disrupt internet service for Kurdistan plus other places for Iran to try silence de protest.<ref>{{cite news|date=21 September 2022|title=As unrest grows, Iran restricts access to Instagram, WhatsApp|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-restricts-access-instagram-netblocks-2022-09-21/|url-status=live|access-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924205930/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-restricts-access-instagram-netblocks-2022-09-21/|archive-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> By 24 September 2022, de hashtag #Mahsa_Amini plud di equivalent Persian version don break Twitter record with over 80 million tweets.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 September 2022|title=Hashtag Against Death Of Hijab Victim Breaks Historic Record|url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202209239501|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924214820/https://www.iranintl.com/en/202209239501|archive-date=24 September 2022|access-date=24 September 2022|website=[[Iran International]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Serjoie|first=Kay Armin|date=24 September 2022|title=The Protests in Iran Have Shaken the Islamic Republic to Its Core|url=https://time.com/6216024/iran-protests-islamic-republic-response/|magazine=Time}}</ref> ===== #MosqueMeToo ===== For February 2018, de Mosque Me Too movement start, after de Me Too movement wey gain worldwide prominence for October 2017 and the months wey follow. Muslim women dey share their stories about sexual abuse for Muslim holy places den while dem dey go pilgrimage like Hajj for Mecca, Saudi Arabia, dem dey use de hashtag #MosqueMeToo.<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Muslim Women Are Speaking Out About Abuse|url=https://time.com/5159888/mosquemetoo-muslim-women-speaking-out-about-abuse/|magazine=Time|access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=#MosqueMeToo: Women share experiences of sexual harassment inside religious places|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mosquemetoo-women-share-experiences-of-sexual-harassment-inside-religious-places/articleshow/62885605.cms|access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Eltahawy|first=Mona|date=2018-02-15|title=Opinion {{!}} #MosqueMeToo: What happened when I was sexually assaulted during the hajj|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2018/02/15/mosquemetoo-what-happened-when-i-was-sexually-assaulted-during-the-hajj/|access-date=2018-02-23|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> ==== Other examples ==== For 2012, women wey dey work for game industry sabi talk for Twitter, dem gather under de hashtag #1reasonwhy. Dem talk say sexist practices like oversexualization of female video game characters, workplace harassment, plus unequal pay for men den women dey happen plenty for game industry.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://newsfeed.time.com/2012/11/27/1reasonwhy-women-take-to-twitter-to-talk-about-sexism-in-video-game-industry/|title=#1ReasonWhy: Women Take to Twitter to Talk about Sexism in Video Game Industry|last=Locker|first=Melissa|date=27 November 2012|magazine=Time|access-date=29 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://kotaku.com/5963528/heres-a-devastating-account-of-the-crap-women-in-the-games-business-have-to-deal-with-in-2012|title=Here's a Devastating Account of the Crap Women in the Games Business Have to Deal With. In 2012.|last=Plunkett|first=Luke|date=27 November 2012|newspaper=[[Kotaku]]|access-date=29 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/gamesblog/2012/nov/28/games-industry-sexism-on-twitter|title=#1reasonwhy: the hashtag that exposed games industry sexism|last=Hamilton|first=Mary|date=28 November 2012|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=29 November 2012}}</ref> Di hashtag #NotYourAsianSidekick na Suey Park plus Juliet Shen start am for December 2013 for Twitter.<ref name="Huffington Post">{{cite news|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bitcoin-activism-how-mich_b_5169731|title=Bitcoin Activism: How Michelle Malkin And Suey Park Found Common Cause In Hashtag Movements|last=Gupta|first=Arun|date=September 14, 2014|work=The Huffington Post}}</ref> Suey Park be freelance writer wey people sabi well-well for her Twitter campaign wey wan cancel Colbert Show, plus Juliet Shen dey run blog wey dey talk about Asian American feminism. Dem start di hashtag town hall to create space make people fit have structured conversation about misogyny plus wetin dey concern Asian American women.<ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/17/not-your-asian-sidekick-asian-women-feminism|title=#NotYourAsianSidekick is a civil rights movement for Asian American women|last=Kim|first=Yoonj|date=December 17, 2013|work=The Guardian}}</ref> For less than 24 hours, dem don use #NotYourAsianSidekick over 45,000 times.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-25399314|title=#BBCtrending: #NotYourAsianSidekick goes global|last=Hirst|first=Michael|date=December 16, 2013|work=The Guardian}}</ref> DeafTalent na hashtag wey dem dey use show wetin de deaf plus hard of hearing community fit do for social media. Before dis hashtag come, for creative industry, dem dey use hearing actors for deaf roles. SAGE Deaf Studies Encyclopedia talk say, "As response to dis, dem create social media hashtags like #DeafTalent and #POCDeafTalent. Dis hashtags wey start to tackle how deaf characters plus sign language dey portrayed for media, now dem dey use am to celebrate plenty talented deaf actors, artists den other people wey get talent for di world."<ref>{{cite book|last=Giordano|first=Tyrone|title=The SAGE Deaf Studies Encyclopedia|publisher=SAGE Publications|year=2016|isbn=978-1-4522-5956-7|editor1-last=Gertz|editor1-first=Genie|page=8|chapter=Actors|editor2-last=Boudreault|editor2-first=Patrick}}</ref> De hashtag, #Boymom, don burst onto social media for show wetin some people dey call 'chaotic' plus 'messy' mata wey mothers wey get boys dey face. Instagram na de place wey dey carry most #Boymom hashtags, almost 12.9 million hashtags dey there. #Girlmom dey far back with only 4.8 million. Right now, people dey talk plenty about this hashtag. Some people dey argue say e fit make children no dey free to express their gender well. Some people even go as far as to say that it perpetuates de sexist idea dat dem de value sons more than daughters.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 January 2018|title=The #boymom problem|url=http://studioblog.obvious.ly/obviously-insightful/2017/12/13/nt0wwmk91186asf893o69h0vr5wxon|access-date=18 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128172503/http://studioblog.obvious.ly/obviously-insightful/2017/12/13/nt0wwmk91186asf893o69h0vr5wxon|archive-date=28 November 2023}}</ref> Overtourism be de phenomenon wey some places dey receive too many tourists, e dey cause undesirable effects for di places wey dem dey go, Dis matter don become popular hashtag since 2016 when de phrase took off, after e gain significant momentum after a Skift, wey be travel news plus research company, write article about am. Skift use di term wey don bring global eye on di growing problem of perceptions of too much tourism, wey don start plenty gists on how we fit manage tourism well well.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ali|first=Rafat|date=2018-08-14|title=The Genesis of Overtourism: Why We Came Up With the Term and What's Happened Since|url=https://skift.com/2018/08/14/the-genesis-of-overtourism-why-we-came-up-with-the-term-and-whats-happened-since/|access-date=2024-03-11|website=skift.com|publisher=Skift}}</ref> One paper wey use Twitter social network analysis show say di #overtourism network dey held by small group of experts, dem dey do big work to present, share, den distribute information about di matter.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=O'Regan |first1=Michael |last2=Choe |first2=Jaeyeon |date=15 March 2022 |title=#overtourism on Twitter: a social movement for change or an echo chamber? |url=https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/9d2e3103-e576-4de8-82ec-e9a0a269b3b1 |journal=Current Issues in Tourism |volume=26 |issue=7 |pages=1082–1095 |doi=10.1080/13683500.2022.2047161}}</ref> === Awareness === ==== United States origin ==== ===== #Kony2012 ===== [[File:Kony_2012_Poster_3.jpg|alt=|thumb|A Kony 2012 poster]]Kony 2012 be short film wey Invisible Children, Inc. produce (dem be di authors of Invisible Children). dem release am on March 5, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 6, 2012|title=News Hour&nbsp;– Trending Now: Kony 2012|url=http://www.globaltvbc.com/video/trending+now+kony+2012/video.html?v=2206826267#stories/video|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309191432/http://www.globaltvbc.com/video/trending+now+kony+2012/video.html?v=2206826267#stories/video|archive-date=9 March 2012|access-date=7 March 2012|publisher=[[Global TV]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.ninemsn.com.au/world/8431277/kony-2012-sheds-light-on-uganda-conflict|title=Kony 2012 sheds light on Uganda conflict|date=March 7, 2012|publisher=Ninemsn|access-date=7 March 2012|author1=Lees, Philippa|author2=Zavan, Martin}}</ref><ref name="JCTSK">{{cite news|url=http://post-journal.com/page/content.detail/id/599038/Jackson-Center-To-Show-KONY-2012.html?nav=5004|title=Jackson Center To Show KONY2012|date=February 14, 2012|publisher=[[The Post-Journal]]|access-date=7 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516124829/http://post-journal.com/page/content.detail/id/599038/Jackson-Center-To-Show-KONY-2012.html?nav=5004|archive-date=16 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17295078|title=Uganda rebel Joseph Kony target of viral campaign video|date=March 8, 2012|work=BBC News}}</ref> De film wan promote di charity wey dey push di "Stop Kony" movement make everybody for di world sabi dis African cult plus militia leader, war criminal wey dem don indict, Joseph Kony.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17299084|title=Joseph Kony - child kidnapper, warlord, 'prophet'|date=2018-07-27|access-date=2019-02-25}}</ref> Dem wan catch am before 2012 end,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://kykernel.com/2012/03/07/a-call-for-justice/|title=A call for justice|date=March 7, 2012|last=Myers|first=Julia|newspaper=Kentucky Kernel|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713191826/http://kykernel.com/2012/03/07/a-call-for-justice/|archive-date=July 13, 2012}}</ref> when di campaign go expire. Di film spread virally like fire through di #Kony2012 hashtag..<ref>{{cite web|author=Neylon, Stephanie|date=March 7, 2012|title=Kony fever hits York!|url=http://www.theyorker.co.uk/news/citynews/10807|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308142114/http://www.theyorker.co.uk/news/citynews/10807|archive-date=8 March 2012|access-date=7 March 2012|website=[[The Yorker]]}}</ref><ref name="Molloy">{{cite web|author=Molloy, Mark|date=March 7, 2012|title=Kony 2012: Campaign Shedding light on Uganda Conflict a Huge Online Success|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/tech/892373-kony-2012-campaign-shedding-light-on-uganda-conflict-a-huge-online-success|access-date=7 March 2012|website=[[Metro (Associated Metro Limited)|Metro]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Nelson, Sara C.|date=March 7, 2012|title=Kony 2012: Invisible Children Documentary Sheds Light On Uganda Conflict|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/03/07/kony-2012-invisible-children-documentary-sheds-light-on-uganda-conflict-video_n_1326183.html?ref=uk|access-date=7 March 2012|website=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref> ===== #WhyIStayed ===== For 2014, one media release wey show security camera footage show NFL player, Ray Rice, wey dey punch him den fiancée, Janay Rice, spark public conversation on why victims go dey stay for abusive relationships. In response to dis question, writer plus domestic abuse survivor, Beverly Gooden, start de #WhyIStayed campaign for Twitter so we fit "change de tone of de conversation". Di hashtag begin trend nationally five hours after him don create am plus dem use am more than 46,000 times for dat day.<ref name="usatoday">{{cite web|title=#WhyIStayed: Powerful stories of domestic violence|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2014/09/10/why-i-stayed-hashtag-twitter-ray-rice/15385027/|access-date=16 September 2017|website=usatoday.com}}</ref> Beverly come appear for NPR's All Things Considered to talk about hashtag activism.<ref name="npr">{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2014/12/23/372729058/hashtag-activism-in-2014-tweeting-why-i-stayed|website=npr.org|title=Hashtag Activism In 2014: Tweeting 'Why I Stayed' : NPR|access-date=16 September 2017}}</ref>[[File:Donald_Trump_and_Pope_Francis_(24486540493).jpg|thumb|"Pope Francis shocks world, endorses Donald Trump for presido"]] ===== #FakeNews ===== While "fake news" or politically motivated disinformation (PMD) no be new occurrence, de sentiment plus spread of distrust of news coverage don become more notable since de 2016 U.S. elections cycle. #FakeNews hashtag na 2016 wey e burst everywhere when Donald Trump talk say di bad news wey e dey get na because of di false stories wey dey fly around. Since dat hashtag enter, e don bring plenty policy bills den laws wey de tackle di proliferation of inaccurate infomation wey dey waka around di world, wey make di matter dey more political plus people dey fear say censorship fit dey pending. De emergence of social media don allow for "fake news" to spread much faster than normal news den information, pushing technology companies to grab more active role insyde detecting den removing "fake news". One example of #FakeNews dey come from website wey dem dey call WTOF 5 News. Di headline talk say: 'Pope Francis don shock di world, e don support Donald Trump make he be president'.<ref>{{Cite web|last=CNBC.com|first=Hannah Ritchie, Special to|date=2016-12-30|title=Read all about it: The biggest fake news stories of 2016|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/30/read-all-about-it-the-biggest-fake-news-stories-of-2016.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=CNBC}}</ref> With Facebook help, dis fake news article don gather more than 960,000 likes plus shares for di popular social media, e make am one of di most popular fake news articles for 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|last=CNBC.com|first=Hannah Ritchie, Special to|date=2016-12-30|title=Read all about it: The biggest fake news stories of 2016|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/30/read-all-about-it-the-biggest-fake-news-stories-of-2016.html|access-date=2025-07-18|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> ===== #ProtectOurWinters ===== Protect Our Winters be movement plus nonprofit wey snowboarder, Jeremy Jones,<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=https://protectourwinters.org/about-us/|access-date=2019-04-03|website=POW}}</ref> plus some other winter sport stars start to raise awareness say global warming plus climate change dey happen. Dem start de movement for 2016 because that year be one of de hottest years wey don happen..<ref name=":62">{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=https://protectourwinters.org/about-us/|access-date=2019-04-03|website=POW}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Studies|first=NASA's Goddard Institute for Space|date=18 January 2017|title=NASA, NOAA data show 2016 warmest year on record globally|url=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2537/nasa-noaa-data-show-2016-warmest-year-on-record-globally|access-date=2019-04-03|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet}}</ref> Di movement dey show how global warming dey affect di winter sports industry plus how carbon dioxide percentage de increase.<ref name=":62" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Arvesen|first=Amelia|date=24 February 2018|title=New climate change report from Protect Our Winters|url=https://www.snewsnet.com/news/pow-climate-change|access-date=2019-04-03|website=SNEWS}}</ref> Protect Our Winters or POW dey beg people make dem no just sabi di effects wey global warming dey cause, but make dem take action by volunteering, voting for legislature wey go help or donating to di cause. ===== #FreeBritney ===== For April 2019, Britney Spears fan podcast wey dem dey call Britney's Gram find di first alleged abuses wey dey happen for her conservatorship setup, plus dem create di hashtag #FreeBritney. Di term itself don dey for use since 2008 by some fans.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2021-07-03|title=Britney Spears's Conservatorship Nightmare|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/american-chronicles/britney-spears-conservatorship-nightmare|magazine=The New Yorker|access-date=2021-11-04}}</ref> Alongside advocating for de termination den investigation of Spears en conservatorship, de hashtag plus di social movement wey dey follow, don help raise awareness for guardianship plus conservatorship abuse all over di United States.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FreeBritney.army|url=https://www.freebritney.army/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709170756/https://www.freebritney.army/|archive-date=2021-07-09|access-date=2021-11-04|website=FreeBritney.army}}</ref> Di hashtag don cause some law change for California wey dey concern wetin dey happen for conservatorship, plus e don inspire plenty bipartisan questions about guardianship den conservatorship law for Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Colliver|first=Victoria|date=30 September 2021|title=Newsom signs #FreeBritney bill to help reform conservatorship laws|url=https://politi.co/3B0bCcz|access-date=2021-11-04|website=Politico PRO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-28|title=Experts to senators: Free Britney ... and other people in toxic conservatorships|url=https://www.rollcall.com/2021/09/28/experts-to-senators-free-britney-and-other-people-in-toxic-conservatorships/|access-date=2021-11-04|website=Roll Call}}</ref> ===== #PublishingPaidMe ===== Dis hashtag wey L.L. McKinney create for 2020, na di authors dey use am talk about de pay differences received by publishers for black den non-black authors.<ref>{{Cite news|title=#PublishingPaidMe: Authors Share Their Advances To Expose Racial Disparities|work=NPR.org|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/06/08/872470156/-publishingpaidme-authors-share-their-advances-to-expose-racial-disparities|access-date=2021-10-23}}</ref> ==== International origin ==== ===== #BringBackOurGirls ===== [[File:Michelle-obama-bringbackourgirls.jpg|right|thumb|First Lady [[Michelle Obama]] initiate de #BringBackOurGirls hashtag.]]Boko Haram don kidnapp over 200 school girls from Chibok, Nigeria for May 2014, dem no gree return di girls.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-girls-idUSBREA4A0B620140512|title=Boko Haram offers to swap kidnapped Nigerian girls for prisoners|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=12 May 2014|date=2014-05-12}}</ref> Di hashtag #BringBackOurGirls come be created to make sure di story dey trend for news and make international people notice to am.<ref>{{cite web|date=2014-05-12|title="Hashtag Activism" and the case of the kidnapped Nigerian girls|url=http://www.siliconbeat.com/2014/05/12/hashtag-activism-and-the-case-of-the-kidnapped-nigerian-girls/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513021954/http://www.siliconbeat.com/2014/05/12/hashtag-activism-and-the-case-of-the-kidnapped-nigerian-girls/|archive-date=2014-05-13|access-date=12 May 2014|publisher=Silicon Beat}}</ref> Di hashtag na first use by one corporate lawyer wey dem call Ibrahim Abdullahi, and e don get use by big names like First Lady Michelle Obama, wey use am to make people sabi di girls wey dem kidnap.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 May 2014|title=Hashtag Wars: Who's Behind the Nigeria #BringBackOurGirls Movement|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/hashtag-wars-whos-behind-nigeria-bringbackourgirls-movement-n100771|website=NBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/10/michelle-obama-nigeria-presidential-address|title=Michelle Obama raises pressure over kidnapped schoolgirls|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=12 May 2014|date=2014-05-11|last1=McVeigh|first1=Tracy}}</ref> Di hashtag don collect 2 million retweets itself.<ref name="Real Clear Politics">{{cite web|title=George Will: Hashtag Activism "Not Intended To Have Any Effect On The Real World"|url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2014/05/11/george_will_hashtag_activism_not_intended_to_have_any_effect_on_the_real_world.html|access-date=12 May 2014|publisher=Real Clear Politics}}</ref> ===== #AmINext ===== For Fall 2014, one Canadian Inuk woman wey dem call Holly Jarrett start di #AmINext hashtag campaign make pipo sabi how di Canadian Government no dey respond well to di high rate of violence wey dey happen to Indigenous women.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/aminext-aboriginal-womens-message-to-stephen-harper-goes-vial/article20518700/|title=#AmINext: Aboriginal women's message to Stephen Harper|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=16 April 2017}}</ref> Dis campaign dey make people snap photos of demself with signs wey write ‘#AmINext’ and dey post am for social media. Dem do dis to start national talk about how dem dey ignore den expose Indigenous women, plus to show how Government no dey do much for investigation about di killings den disappearances.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Burman |first1=Jenny |date=28 April 2016 |title=Multicultural Feeling, Feminist Rage, Indigenous Refusal |journal=Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=361–372 |doi=10.1177/1532708616638693 |s2cid=147901131}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/why-holly-jarrett-started-am-i-next-1.2759123|title=Why Holly Jarrett started Am I Next|work=CBC News|access-date=16 April 2017}}</ref> Holly dey carry dis campaign with her heart, e be because her cousin, Loretta Saunders, wey be Inuk woman from Labrador, just vanish den later dem find am dead for road side for Canada. After di campaign, di government create national DNA missing person list plus bring 30 safety plans to support indigenous women.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/aminext-aims-to-raise-awareness-about-murdered-aboriginal-women-1.2765405|title=#AmINext aims to raise awareness about murdered aboriginal women|work=CBC News|access-date=2017-11-28}}</ref> ===== #PrayforParis ===== Di main place for Paris encountered some terrorist attacks, wey nobody expect. E cause people for all over di world make dem sabi wetin happen. For dis event, some terrorists dey wear suicide belts plus di violence wey happen subsequently shock everybody. Dem terrorists dey plan to enter di stadium with other people.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34818994|title=Paris attacks: What happened on the night|date=2015-12-09|work=BBC News|access-date=2017-11-23}}</ref> Even though dem no allow de person enter, e show how serious e be as people dey put their own life for risk, indirectly affecting others. As di matter happen, more than 70 million people begin dey share dis news for different social media make e reach plenty people.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/4114288/paris-instagram/|title=70 Million People Shared Their Prayers for Paris on Instagram|magazine=Time|access-date=2017-11-23}}</ref> For instance, Facebook allow people fit change their profile picture to show dem French flag wey dey transparent to show say dem dey support di victims. Twitter too dey use am. But instead to put di transparent flag for Twitter profile, dem create hashtag to show more support . Dis simple hashtag #PrayforParis make people fit show support wey no be only for people to sabi wetin dey happen, but dem fit click link to sabi more about di matter plus how others dey reason am. Social media really help to spread di awareness, but di impact from di young ones too dey stand out. For example, one small pikin draw im mind for paper, wey include dis message: 'Shot after shot, bang after bang, dey waste innocent lives!'<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/pray-paris-schoolboys-heartbreaking-tribute-6845094|title=Schoolboy's heartbreaking tribute to victims of Paris terror attacks|last=Evans|first=Natalie|date=2015-11-17|work=mirror|access-date=2017-11-23}}</ref> ===== #flygskam ===== Flygskam be Swedish word wey mean 'flight shame'. E be name of anti-flying movement wey start for Sweden last year, wey dey encourage people make dem stop take flights to reduce carbon emissions. Di idea be originally push by Olympic athlete Bjorn Ferry den gain momentum after teenage activist Greta Thunberg mama, di opera singer Malena Ernman, talk publicly say she go stop fly, plus plenty Swedish celebrities follow her lead. Dem sey Thunberg travel mostly by train for her recent two-week tour for Europe.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Coffey|first1=Helen|date=10 January 2020|title=Flygskam: What Is The Flight-Shaming Environmental Movement That's Sweeping Europe?|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/flygskam-anti-flying-flight-shaming-sweden-greta-thornberg-environment-air-travel-train-brag-a8945196.html|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/flygskam-anti-flying-flight-shaming-sweden-greta-thornberg-environment-air-travel-train-brag-a8945196.html|archive-date=2022-05-09|access-date=19 February 2020|website=independent.co.uk|publisher=The Independent}}</ref> De activism dey show real change for Sweden as airline ticket sales jump decline by 4% for January 2020, all because people dey sabi de wahala wey commercial flights dey cause for carbon footprint.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sweden sees rare fall in air passengers, as flight-shaming takes off|work=BBC News|date=10 January 2020|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51067440|access-date=19 February 2020}}</ref> ===== #CoronaVirus ===== <nowiki>#</nowiki>Coronavirus, #COVID-19, den #Covid_19 be some of di common hashtags wey dey talk about Coronavirus 2019 wey start insyde Wuhan, China.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 March 2020|title=Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) - events as they happen|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen|access-date=2020-04-30|website=who.int}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author1=Jen Christensen|author2=Meera Senthilingam|date=20 January 2020|title=Coronavirus: Should you be worried?|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/20/health/what-is-coronavirus-explained/index.html|access-date=2020-04-27|website=CNN}}</ref> Di Hashtag don blow up fast as World Health Organization (WHO) sef declare say di virus be pandemic on 11 March 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020|url=https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020|access-date=2020-04-27|website=who.int}}</ref> If you check di movement of dis Hashtag for Twitter from Symplur, e show say de number of Hashtags drop well-well from 50763 on 13 April 2020 to 35795 on 18 April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020|url=https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020|access-date=2020-04-27|website=who.int}}</ref> === Political === ==== United States origin ==== ===== #HumanizeTheBadge ===== Before 2020, #humanizethebadge dey mostly waka for Twitter and Facebook, na organizations wey dey try build better connection between police plus di community wey dem dey serve, like di nonprofit group Humanizing de Badge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Humanizing the Badge - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/c/HumanizingtheBadge/about|access-date=2022-10-17|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Dis need for things to beta dey come from police brutality wey kill George Floyd for May 5, 2020. E spark di people make dem dey cry for change, plus Black Lives Matter protest don take front stage for di media.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wirtschafter|first=Valerie|date=2021-06-17|title=How George Floyd changed the online conversation around BLM|url=https://www.brookings.edu/techstream/how-george-floyd-changed-the-online-conversation-around-black-lives-matter/|access-date=2022-10-17|website=Brookings}}</ref> For di protest lines wey dey behind, di hashtag wey dey humanize di badge don blow big. Di aim of #humanizethebadge na to make officers plus dem pipo wey love dem fit show dem communities say dem get human side for di police uniform. You go find #humanizethebadge plenty for TikTok, with over 2 billion posts wey carry di hashtag. Dis posts dey try make people see say di officers be more relatable plus trustworthy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schneider |first=Christopher J. |date=2021-08-01 |title=Police Use of Social Media as Bureaucratic Propaganda: Comments on State Violence and Law Enforcement Use of Social Media in 2020 |url=https://ccjls.scholasticahq.com/article/26975-police-use-of-social-media-as-bureaucratic-propaganda-comments-on-state-violence-and-law-enforcement-use-of-social-media-in-2020 |journal=Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=25–32}}</ref> Dis relatability be way to bring dem closer to di people den communities wey dem dey serve.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Walsh |first1=James P. |last2=O'Connor |first2=Christopher |year=2019 |title=Social media and policing: A review of recent research |journal=Sociology Compass |volume=13 |pages=e12648 |doi=10.1111/soc4.12648 |s2cid=150277539 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Through de use of TikTok officers dey able to reach a more audience. TikTok allows creators to move from audience to audience den trend to trend.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Herrman|first=John|date=2019-03-10|title=How TikTok Is Rewriting the World|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/10/style/what-is-tik-tok.html|access-date=2022-10-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Dis videos fit gather plenty millions views wey dey spread bureaucratic propaganda because officers de support de appearance of institutional legitimacy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schneider |first=Christopher J. |date=2021-08-01 |title=Police Use of Social Media as Bureaucratic Propaganda: Comments on State Violence and Law Enforcement Use of Social Media in 2020 |url=https://ccjls.scholasticahq.com/article/26975-police-use-of-social-media-as-bureaucratic-propaganda-comments-on-state-violence-and-law-enforcement-use-of-social-media-in-2020 |journal=Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=25–32}}</ref> Insyde di videos, dem dey fit showcase demself as normal, relatable people, even though dem dey wear uniform, thus de associate themselves with de police department Creating dis link humanizes law enforcement as e be, dem wan make police look like 'good guy' for de matter. But this hashtag no dey promote well by all police officers o. One former police wey don turn entrepreneur, Autumn Clifford, believe say being police na big responsibility wey leaders suppose fit show am well. She talk say for history, society no too loved law enforcement, plus citizens no too like make dem dey tell dem wetin to do. So dem need leaders wey go fit guide dem for better way. Civilians need see to de see police like leaders for their own communities. Clifford talk say make officers dey have real den honest conversations with civilians, plus make dem try more to connect with citizens. This go fit make people respect law enforcement well. She talk example when dem call am go fix wahala wey dey happen for group home for troubled teens, den she end de encounter with dance battle. This encounter change de way de teen see am, dem dey call am de 'cool cop' for all de time she dey work. This one small interaction make de group of teens see her as human.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why I Don't Believe In Humanizing the Badge|url=https://podcast.ilet.network/show/changing-the-culture/why-i-dont-believe-in-humanizing-the-badge/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017195454/https://podcast.ilet.network/show/changing-the-culture/why-i-dont-believe-in-humanizing-the-badge/|archive-date=2022-10-17|access-date=2022-10-17|website=Changing the Culture}}</ref> ===== #NODAPL ===== [[File:NoDAPL.jpg|thumb|De #noDAPL hashtag dem use insyd real life, outsyd social media.]] ===== #NotOneMore ===== Di hashtag #NotOneMore come up sharp-sharp after di May 23, 2014 shooting for Isla Vista, Santa Barbara, California. For dat gbege, six students wey dey school for University of California, Santa Barbara pay with dem life. Richard Martinez, wey be di papa of one victim, no waste time talk about gun control, he dey shout for stricter gun law during di memorial plus rally, dey chant 'Not One More!' Di phrase later turn hashtag for social media. Richard work with Everytown digital crew to make tool wey go fit help people send postcards to their senators, congress representatives, and governor wey dey carry the phrase 'Not One More'.[[File:Isla_Vista_Killings_Memorial_Service.JPG|thumb|A memorial service dem hold at Harder Stadium after de Isla Vista killings]] ===== #MarchforOurLives ===== De March for Our Lives protest start after dem shoot for Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School for Parkland, Florida on February 14, 2018.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Dakin Andone|date=21 March 2018|title=What you should know about the March for Our Lives|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/21/us/march-for-our-lives-explainer/index.html|access-date=2019-04-03|website=CNN}}</ref> E be response to di surge wey gun violence dey cause for schools plus 17 people wey die after di Parkland shoot, people begin gather around di hashtag #neveragain. Di hashtag wey show say pipo dey fight against gun violence, start spread for social media den e go viral for early 2018. Plus, di movement gather people for walkouts to remember di lives wey gun violence don take. For March 2018, hundreds of marches happen all over di country to support stricter gun laws, but plenty anti-protesters no gree.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|author=Dakin Andone|date=21 March 2018|title=What you should know about the March for Our Lives|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/21/us/march-for-our-lives-explainer/index.html|access-date=2019-04-03|website=CNN}}</ref> Since February 2018, dem don pass 123 laws nationwide at de state-level to tackle gun control wahala.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Contorno|first=Steve|title=Here is every new gun law in the U.S. since the Parkland shooting|url=https://www.tampabay.com/florida-politics/buzz/2019/02/13/here-is-every-new-gun-law-in-the-us-since-the-parkland-shooting/|access-date=2019-04-03|website=[[Tampa Bay Times]]|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> For February 17, 2018, students start one Facebook page make dem fit join de movement; den by April 2019, de page don get over 280,000 likes plus more than 300,000 people dey follow am.<ref>{{Cite web|title=March For Our Lives|url=https://www.facebook.com/marchforourlives/|access-date=2019-04-03|website=facebook.com}}</ref> De Instagram page @marchforourlives dey live too, den since April 2019, e don get over 200 posts plus just over 360,000 followers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=March For Our Lives (@marchforourlives) • Instagram photos and videos|url=https://www.instagram.com/marchforourlives/|access-date=2019-04-03|website=instagram.com}}</ref> ===== #EndFathersDay ===== For 2014, some editors dey form say dem be black feminists, dey spread de meme, #EndFathersDay. Fox News carry de wahala to denounce am.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Marcotte|first=Amanda|date=2014-06-16|title=No, Fox News, Feminists Are Not Trying to End Father's Day|url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2014/06/endfathersday-is-a-hoax-fox-news-claims-feminists-want-to-get-rid-of-father-s-day.html|access-date=2019-04-25|website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]}}</ref> After plenty research, dem don expose de fake accounts.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hampton|first=Rachelle|date=2019-04-23|title=Years Ago, Black Feminists Worked Together to Unmask Twitter Trolls Posing as Women of Color. If Only More People Paid Attention|url=https://slate.com/technology/2019/04/black-feminists-alt-right-twitter-gamergate.html|access-date=2019-04-25|website=Slate}}</ref> ===== #NoBanNoWall ===== <nowiki>#</nowiki>NoBanNoWall be hashtag wey dem create, e dey respond to wetin Trump talk say he go do 'Muslim ban' plus him 2016 campaign wey him talk say him go build wall for US-Mexico border.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 January 2017|title=People are rallying against Trump's xenophobia with #NoBanNoWall|url=https://mic.com/articles/166577/nobannowall-is-a-heartbreaking-rallying-cry-against-donald-trumps-muslim-ban-and-border-wall|access-date=2019-05-01|website=mic.com}}</ref> For 2017, President Trump drop plenty executive orders wey fit scatter family den turn away refugees.<ref>{{Cite web|title=#NoBanNoWall|url=https://insightcced.org/immigration-ban/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501061027/https://insightcced.org/immigration-ban/|archive-date=2019-05-01|access-date=2019-05-01|website=Insight}}</ref> Saki Barzinji plus Imraan Siddiqi start #NoBanNoWall make Muslim, Latino, plus other groups come together dey fight xenophobic immigration policies.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 November 2018|title=NoBanNoWall: From the Muslim Ban to the Migrant Caravan|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/11/nobannowall-from-the-muslim-ban-to-the-migrant-caravan/|access-date=2019-05-01|website=amnesty.org}}</ref> On January 25, 2017, protestors don gather for Washington Square Park dey shout, 'No ban; no wall', wey make dem create de Twitter hashtag #NoBanNoWall to protest Trump travel ban.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Signore|first=John Del|title=Washington Square Park Is Packed With New Yorkers Responding To Trump's Attack On Immigrants|url=http://gothamist.com/2017/01/25/immigrant_muslim_rally.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501061025/http://gothamist.com/2017/01/25/immigrant_muslim_rally.php|archive-date=2019-05-01|access-date=2019-05-01|website=Gothamist}}</ref> Di movement dey hit ground for airports straight after di hashtag trending.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-28|title=LAX #NoBanNoWall protest one of many demonstrations across US airports|url=http://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20170128/lax-nobannowall-protest-one-of-many-demonstrations-across-us-airports|access-date=2019-05-01|website=Daily News}}</ref> One judge for New York accept wetin ACLU bring make e fit gree warrant wey go stop deportation for airports.<ref>{{Cite web|last=George|first=Michael|date=28 January 2017|title=Protesters Cheer as Judge Blocks Part of Trump Travel Order|url=http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Following-Detainment-Refugees-Welcome-Protest-Erupts-at-JFK-Airport-412046833.html|access-date=2019-05-01|website=NBC New York}}</ref> Di movement turn into stage wey pipo fit share dia own story or demma families immigrating to de US plus e dey fight di fear wey dey grow for pipo mind about some foreigners.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Malpert|first1=Laura|last2=Mahbubani|first2=Rhea|last3=Bhattacharjee|first3=Riya|last4=Greenway|first4=Rebecca|date=4 February 2017|title='We're All Humans': Immigrants Flock to #NoBanNoWall Rally|url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Anti-Trump-Rallies-to-Draw-Thousands-to-San-Francisco-412789993.html|access-date=2019-05-01|website=NBC Bay Area}}</ref> ===== #FireDrillFridays ===== Inspired by Greta Thunberg plus e start from Greenpeace den Jane Fonda, #FireDrillFridays dey bring awareness to di climate change crisis.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fire Drill Fridays {{!}} Our house is on fire. Join us in the streets.|url=https://firedrillfridays.com/|access-date=2020-04-20|website=Fire Drill Fridays}}</ref> Dem dey call for Green New Deal for di United States government, di movement organize protests for di Capitol every Friday beginning for October 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jane Fonda arrested in climate change strike outside Capitol|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/jane-fonda-arrested-climate-change-strike-capitol/story?id=66209415|access-date=2020-04-20|website=ABC News}}</ref> Di campaign dey push make dem no start any new fossil fuel projects plus make dem phase out wetin dem already get.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Demands|url=https://firedrillfridays.com/demands/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507091749/https://firedrillfridays.com/demands/|archive-date=2020-05-07|access-date=2020-04-20|website=Fire Drill Fridays}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Hersko|first1=Tyler|date=2020-02-08|title=Jane Fonda Is Building an Army to Defend the Earth with Fire Drill Fridays Movement|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/02/jane-fonda-fire-drill-fridays-protests-arrests-los-angeles-1202209628/|access-date=2020-04-30|website=IndieWire}}</ref> #FireDrillFridays don blow up wella after dem arrest some celebrities.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/10/entertainment/joaquin-phoenix-martin-sheen-arrest-trnd/index.html Joaquin Phoenix and Martin Sheen arrested in Jane Fonda's weekly climate change protests - CNN<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> COVID-19 come make Fonda shift #FireDrillFridays online, so dem fit still dey chase government make dem take action.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 March 2020|title=Jane Fonda to Launch Virtual Fire Drill Fridays Amid Coronavirus Outbreak|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jane-fonda-launch-virtual-fire-drill-fridays-coronavirus-outbreak-1286710|access-date=2020-04-20|website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> ===== #WalkAway ===== ==== International origin ==== ===== #ArabSpring ===== <nowiki>#</nowiki>ArabSpring dey waka for social media early 2011, dey spread awareness of de anti-government protest for de North Africa plus de Middle East.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-29|title=What was the Arab Spring and what caused it to happen?|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/arab-spring-cause/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401025807/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/arab-spring-cause/|archive-date=April 1, 2019|access-date=2020-03-24|website=Culture}}</ref> Dis #ArabSpring na Twitter hashtag wey people dey use for anti-government protest across de Middle East for 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 January 2018|title=Arab Spring|url=https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/arab-spring|access-date=2019-02-22|website=History}}</ref> ===== #Oromoprotests ===== Back insyde 2014, IOYA (The International Oromo Youth Association) don create de #Oromoprotests hashtag wey dem fit use make people sabi wetin dey happen as Oromo student dey protest against Ethiopian government plan to expand Addis Ababa plus grab land wey Oromo farmers den residents dey occupy. Dem use di hashtag again late November/December 2015 to show say di Oromo protests don come back plus di Ethiopian government dey use violent crackdown on students, journalists plus musicians.<ref name="opride">{{cite web|date=2015-12-02|title=The return of Oromo student protests calls for serious reflection|url=http://www.opride.com/oromsis/articles/opride-contributors/3804-the-return-of-oromo-student-protests-calls-for-serious-reflection|access-date=16 September 2017|website=OPride.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420090150/http://www.opride.com/oromsis/articles/opride-contributors/3804-the-return-of-oromo-student-protests-calls-for-serious-reflection|archive-date=2016-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=OromoProtests (@OromoProtests) {{!}} Twitter|url=https://twitter.com/OromoProtests|access-date=7 January 2016|website=twitter.com}}</ref> While de Oromo held protests before, Before dis, dis na di first time de Oromo fit come together all over di country with new social media platforms.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dugo |first=Habtamu |date=2017 |title=The Powers and Limits of New Media Appropriation in Authoritarian Contexts: A Comparative Case Study of Oromo Protests in Ethiopia |url=http://www.jpanafrican.org/docs/vol10no10/10.10-6-Dugo.pdf |journal=Journal of Pan African Studies |issue=10 |pages=48–69 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129191947/http://www.jpanafrican.org/docs/vol10no10/10.10-6-Dugo.pdf |archive-date=2023-11-29 |access-date=2025-07-20}}</ref> ===== #Sosblakaustralia ===== For March 2015, one activism campaign wey take hold for Australia. #Sosblakaustralia na campaign wey start for small aboriginal town for Western Australia. Dis campaign na to fight one plan wey wan close 150 rural aboriginal communities.<ref>{{Cite news|title=#SOSBLAKAUSTRALIA: stop the forced closure of Aboriginal communities {{!}} #IndigenousX|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/01/sosblakaustralia-stop-the-forced-closure-of-aboriginal-communities-indigenousx|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=8 December 2015|date=April 2015}}</ref> Dis movement wey start for small village with just 200 #Sosblakaustralia wey get poor Internet, e don blow reach plenty people, even Aussie celebrities like Hugh Jackman join, Dis one make di movement reach as far as London o. In 18 days, dem get over 50,000 followers plus don reach over 1,000,000 people worldwide.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dreher |first1=Tanja |last2=McCallum |first2=Kerry |last3=Waller |first3=Lisa |date=19 October 2015 |title=Indigenous voices and mediatized policy-making in the digital age |journal=Information, Communication & Society |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=23–39 |doi=10.1080/1369118X.2015.1093534 |s2cid=146511974}}</ref> ===== #IdleNoMore ===== For di Winter wey dey between 2012–2013, for Canada, some indigenous activists start campaign wey dem dey use #IdleNoMore to fight against any law wey go threaten indigenous land den water. Di movement don dey grow plus dey bring native people together, plus di hashtag don make expansion possible. Idle No More start for Canada, now e don spread go reach native people for everywhere, even United States plus Australia wey indigenous pipo dey face similar issues.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sinclair|first=Niigaan|date=December 7, 2014|title=CBC News|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/aboriginal/idle-no-more-where-is-the-movement-2-years-later-1.2862675|access-date=2 December 2015|website=Idle No more: Where is the movement 2 years later?|publisher=CBC News}}</ref> Di use of de hashtag plus social media matter don help make Idle No More message reach di indigenous pipo for everywhere wey dem fit talk plus join di activism wey dem no fit do before.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 9, 2013|title=CBCNews|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/9-questions-about-idle-no-more-1.1301843|access-date=2 December 2015|website=9 Questions About Idle No More|publisher=CBC News}}</ref> ===== #UmbrellaRevolution ===== [[File:Umbrella_Revolution_(15841163278).jpg|thumb|A sign of de Umbrella Revolution protest insyd Hong Kong]]Di umbrella wey people dey carry for Admiralty, Mong Kok and Causeway Bay na im be sign wey show say e no dey okay for free election wey dey happen for China. Di protesters don dey camp for di street and public parks. Dem use di umbrella to shield dem as dem dey fight for democracy back in 2014 when police come dey spray tear gas to make dem leave. Dem wey call am "Umbrella Revolution" plus "Umbrella Movement" dem don use British media wey be BBC to identify this event. through social network services like Twitter den Instagram don make de events insyde Hong Kong reach plenty other people wey no dey protest directly with de use of #UmbrellaRevolution plus don create worldwide social awareness to how Hong Kong dey respond to support of de democratic process.<ref name="cnn">{{cite web|date=30 September 2014|title=The symbols of Hong Kong's 'Umbrella Revolution'|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/30/world/asia/objects-hong-kong-protest/|access-date=16 September 2017|website=CNN.com}}</ref><ref name="time">{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/3632739/hong-kong-umbrella-revolution-photos/|title=See the Hong Kong Protests in Photos|magazine=Time|access-date=16 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/22/magazine/hong-kongs-umbrella-revolution-isnt-over-yet.html?_r=0|title=Hong Kong's Umbrella Revolution Isn't Over Yet|website=[[The New York Times Magazine]]|date=19 February 2015|access-date=16 September 2017|last1=Hilgers|first1=Lauren}}</ref> ===== #PutItToThePeople ===== Di People’s Vote campaign group wey dey based for United Kingdom start for April 2018, e dey call for public vote make dem confirm di final Brexit deal wey United Kingdom make with di European Union.<ref name="BBC_Launch">{{cite news|title=Brexit: 'People's Vote' campaign group launched|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43774200|work=[[BBC News]]|date=15 April 2018|access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref> plus dem dey use #PutItToThePeople as dem activism hashtag.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Marsh|first1=Sarah|last2=Quinn|first2=Ruth|title=Brexit march: '1 million' rally for people's vote - as it happened|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2019/mar/23/brexit-hundreds-of-thousands-expected-to-march-for-peoples-vote-london-live-updates|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=23 March 2019|access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref> === Other examples === For September 2014, The Hokkolorob Movement (Let The Voice Raise Movement) begin. Na series of protests dey come from Jadavpur University students for Kolkata, India wey start for September 3, 2014. Dem first use de term 'hok kolorob' ('make some noise') as hashtag for Facebook.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.facebook.com/studentsagainstcampusviolence/posts/354619941380270|title=Students Against Campus Violence|date=9 September 2014|access-date=22 September 2014}}</ref> ===== #2019GantiPresiden ===== For 2018, Indonesian politician Mardani Ali Sera come bring #2019GantiPresiden (Make we change President for 2019), him dey push this hashtag for social media make people sabi and sabi make Indonesian internet peeps choose another president for 2019 no be Jokowi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aji|first=M Rosseno|date=4 April 2018|editor-last=Hantoro|editor-first=Juli|title=Politikus PKS Mardani Ali Sera Bikin Gerakan #2019GantiPresiden|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1076303/politikus-pks-mardani-ali-sera-bikin-gerakan-2019gantipresiden|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405031141/https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1076303/politikus-pks-mardani-ali-sera-bikin-gerakan-2019gantipresiden|archive-date=2018-04-05|website=nasional.tempo.co}}</ref> Mardani talk plus wetin PKS president, Sohibul Iman, talk make am strong.<ref>{{Cite web|last=VIVA|first=PT VIVA MEDIA BARU-|date=2018-04-09|title=Presiden PKS Sebut Inisiator Gerakan #2019GantiPresiden|url=https://www.viva.co.id/berita/politik/1024652-presiden-pks-sebut-inisiator-gerakan-2019gantipresiden|access-date=2021-10-14|website=www.viva.co.id|language=id}}</ref> Before, one movement wey get di same name dey come up from Mardani for him personal Twitter account on March 27, 2018. Mardani talk say for one tweet, di hashtag na wahala to Joko Widodo supporters wey dey for social media.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sekjen PKS Mardani Ali Sera Canangkan Gerakan 2019 Ganti Presiden: Sah, Legal dan Konstitusional|url=https://wow.tribunnews.com/2018/03/28/sekjen-pks-mardani-ali-sera-canangkan-gerakan-2019-ganti-presiden-sah-legal-dan-konstitusional|access-date=2021-10-14|website=Tribun Wow|language=id-ID}}</ref> Plenty social media accounts don dey retweet the hashtag. Before you know am, dem don make T-shirts wey carry the hashtag, as Mardani talk say di movement no be political campaign sekof nobody fit support am.<ref>{{cite web|author=Gibran Maulana Ibrahim|title=PKS: Viral #2019GantiPresiden Respons untuk Pemerintah Gagal|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3950595/pks-viral-2019gantipresiden-respons-untuk-pemerintah-gagal|work=Detik.com|access-date=2025-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129192238/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3950595/pks-viral-2019gantipresiden-respons-untuk-pemerintah-gagal|archive-date=2023-11-29}}</ref> Dis movement gather plenty support from other opposition politicians like Amien Rais (PAN)<ref>{{cite news|title=Amien Rais Puji Anies Baswedan dan Sebut Ganti Presiden 2019|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20180704113430-32-311422/amien-rais-puji-anies-baswedan-dan-sebut-ganti-presiden-2019|accessdate=7 August 2018|work=CNN Indonesia|date=4 July 2018|language=id}}</ref> plus Yusril Ihza Mahendra (PBB).<ref name="islam">{{cite news|last1=Ibrahim|first1=Gibran Maulana|title=Alasan Yusril Ingin Ganti Presiden: Kelompok Islam Tertekan|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/3962231/alasan-yusril-ingin-ganti-presiden-kelompok-islam-tertekan|accessdate=7 August 2018|work=Detik|date=9 April 2018|language=id}}</ref> Dem talk say pressure for Islamic groups dey strong,<ref name="islam2">{{cite news|last1=Ibrahim|first1=Gibran Maulana|title=Alasan Yusril Ingin Ganti Presiden: Kelompok Islam Tertekan|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/3962231/alasan-yusril-ingin-ganti-presiden-kelompok-islam-tertekan|accessdate=7 August 2018|work=Detik|date=9 April 2018|language=id}}</ref> plenty immigrants wey come from China because dem relax immigration rules<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tunru|first1=Akbar|title=Ini Alasan Kuat Ganti Presiden 2019|url=http://www.inikata.com/ini-alasan-kuat-ganti-presiden-2019/|accessdate=7 August 2018|work=Inikata|date=29 April 2018|language=id|archive-date=7 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807080920/http://www.inikata.com/ini-alasan-kuat-ganti-presiden-2019/|url-status=dead}}</ref> plus economic wahala like no jobs and prices of necessities don increase.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chairunnisa|first1=Ninis|title=Alasan Masyarakat Ingin Jokowi Diganti, Median: Faktor Ekonomi|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1080288/alasan-masyarakat-ingin-jokowi-diganti-median-faktor-ekonomi|accessdate=7 August 2018|work=Tempo|date=17 April 2018|language=id-ID}}</ref> Plenty rallies and supports for #2019GantiPresiden dey happen for everywhere for de country, like insyde Jakarta,<ref>{{cite web|title=PKS politician leads anti-Jokowi declaration in Jakarta|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/05/06/pks-politician-leads-anti-jokowi-declaration-in-jakarta.html|work=The Jakarta Post}}</ref> Surakarta,<ref>{{cite web|title=Thousands of People Join #2019GantiPresiden Rally in Solo|url=http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2018/07/01/055919617/Thousands-of-People-Join-2019GantiPresiden-Rally-in-Solo|publisher=}}</ref> den Jogjakarta.<ref>{{cite web|last=Raharjo|first=Edzan|title=Ada Aksi, Spanduk #2019GantiPresiden Digelar di Alun-Alun Yogya|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-tengah/d-4051066/ada-aksi-spanduk-2019gantipresiden-digelar-di-alun-alun-yogya|publisher=|access-date=2025-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129192254/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-tengah/d-4051066/ada-aksi-spanduk-2019gantipresiden-digelar-di-alun-alun-yogya|archive-date=2023-11-29}}</ref> Even Ahmad Syaikhu plus Sudrajat talk say if dem win de 2018 West Java gubernatorial election, dem go support 2019 Ganti Presiden movement..<ref>{{cite web|title=Anti-Jokowi hashtag potent in West Java, says Golkar politician|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/06/30/anti-jokowi-hashtag-potent-in-west-java-says-golkar-politician.html|work=The Jakarta Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bempah|first=Ramdhan Triyadi|date=2018-05-14|title=Bawa Kaus "2018 Asyik Menang, 2019 Ganti Presiden", Asyik Dituntut Minta Maaf|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2018/05/14/23292021/bawa-kaus-2018-asyik-menang-2019-ganti-presiden-asyik-dituntut-minta-maaf|access-date=2022-10-28|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id}}</ref> However, de movement don flop after President Joko Widodo win de election twice.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sari|first1=Haryanti Puspa|title=Mardani Ali Sera Sebut #2019GantiPresiden Sudah Tutup Buku|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/05/03/20334951/mardani-ali-sera-sebut-2019gantipresiden-sudah-tutup-buku?page=all|accessdate=11 May 2019|work=KOMPAS.com|date=3 May 2019|language=id}}</ref> === Trends === ==== United States origin ==== ===== #icebucketchallenge den #ALS ===== [[File:ALS_Ice_Bucket_Challenge-_UC_Berkeley_Chancellor_Nicholas_Dirks.webm|thumb|UC Berkeley's ex-chancellor Nicholas Dirks dey participate insyd de ALS Ice Bucket Challenge.]]De #icebucketchallenge be one kind where dem go pour bucket of ice water for person head, and dem dey use videos or pictures capture am. Then, dem go challenge another person to do di same. Di person wey dem challenge go either pour ice water for im head or donate money to place wey dey fight Motor neuron disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, wey dem dey call Lou Gehrig's disease) charity. But e get option too wey you fit do both. Di challenge dey encourage make you share di video or photo for social media wey you fit show am to your people, friends, plus family to help raise awareness for ALS/MND.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Have You Heard about the|url=http://www.alsa.org/news/archive/ice-bucket-challenge.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208191716/http://www.alsa.org/news/archive/ice-bucket-challenge.html|archive-date=8 December 2015|access-date=8 December 2015|website=ALSA.org}}</ref> De way #icebucketchallenge enter social media, e make plenty people dey sabi wetin dey happen PLUS dem support am well well. For early August 2014, di national ALS charity foundation president, Barbara Newhouse, don directly attribute de movement to a fundraising "surge" of $168,000 wey accumulate insyde just a week. That figure be different from de $14,000 wey dem raised same time last year, e make de CEO wey don dey work for 38 years see de support difference as 'crazy'.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 August 2014|title='Ice Bucket Challenge' Leads To Major Surge In Donations To ALS Association|url=http://boston.cbslocal.com/2014/08/08/ice-bucket-challenge-leads-to-major-surge-in-donations-to-als-association/|access-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> One month after di August 2014 fundraising week, dem count am say di videos wey get to do with di #icebucketchallenge reach 17 million for Facebook from June 1 to September 1, according to Facebook Newsroom.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 August 2014|title=The Ice Bucket Challenge on Facebook {{!}} Facebook Newsroom|url=http://newsroom.fb.com/news/2014/08/the-ice-bucket-challenge-on-facebook/|access-date=8 December 2015|website=newsroom.fb.com}}</ref> As di videos dey go up, di challenges too dey rise. E reach point wey some big names like James Franco, Charlie Rose plus even former president George W. Bush dey take activist role to raise money for research plus make people sabi di ALS disease.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 August 2014|title=Ice bucket challenge: More than just "hashtag activism"?|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ice-bucket-challenge-more-than-just-hashtag-activism/|access-date=8 December 2015|website=cbsnews.com}}</ref> ==== International origin ==== ===== #Hallyu ===== De Hallyu Wave, wey de literally translates to "flow of Korea" (or dem de commonly know am as de Korean Wave) represents de social movement insyde connection to South Korean culture plus entertainment. Economically, Hallyu dey bring huge profit, e dey bring millions of tourists plus fans every year, plus e dey produce all kinds of entertainment like Korean pop plus Television drama series, ultimately e dey bring billions in annual revenue wey de further strengthens em economic prosperity den stability.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Oliver|first=Christian|date=February 10, 2012|title=South Korea's K-pop takes off in the west|url=https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/ddf11662-53c7-11e1-9eac-00144feabdc0.html|access-date=March 18, 2021|website=[[Financial Times]]|location=[[Seoul]]}}</ref> Plus, Hallyu dey carry plenty power as social movement insyde im own right, Hallyu dey hold considerable influence insyde politics too. South Korea ninth president, Roh Moo-hyun, talk say Hallyu fit help make things better or mend de tense relations between de Koreas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-media-northkorea/korean-wave-set-to-swamp-north-korea-academics-say-idUSTRE73S5J420110429|title="Korean Wave" set to swamp North Korea, academics say|date=2011-04-29|work=Reuters|access-date=2017-10-18}}</ref> But North Korea no get im own version of Hallyu, dem even dey reject am; For example, when Psy drop him 'Gangnam Style' for 2012, North Korea de viewe de song with contempt sekof while South Korea dey attract good attention, e dey also undermine de impoverished conditions of North Korea at de same time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Latest S. Korean pop culture penetrates N. Korea {{!}} YONHAP NEWS|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2013/02/13/60/0200000000AEN20130213012000315F.HTML|access-date=2017-10-18|website=english.yonhapnews.co.kr}}</ref> ==== LGBT rights ==== For 2014, people dey protest di anti-gay laws wey just land, dem even go target di corporate sponsors wey dey support 2014 Winter Olympics for Sochi Russia. McDonald's dey among di sponsors, dem use hashtag #CheersToSochi for dem marketing, wey de de queer activist group Queer Nation hijack am.<ref name="advocate">{{cite web|date=25 January 2014|title=WATCH: Coke Ad Gets an Unforgettable Makeover as Protest for Sponsoring Olympics|url=http://www.advocate.com/news/world-news/2014/01/25/watch-activists-use-media-protest-olympic-sponsors-coke-mcdonalds|access-date=16 September 2017|website=Advocate.com}}</ref><ref name="nytimes2">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/28/business/media/activists-try-to-hijack-promotions-by-sponsors-of-sochi-olympics.html?_r=0|title=Activists Try to Hijack Promotions by Sponsors of Sochi Olympics|website=The New York Times|date=28 January 2014|access-date=16 September 2017|last1=Elliott|first1=Stuart}}</ref><ref name="nytimes3">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/07/business/media/fingers-crossed-marketers-count-on-olympic-gold.html|title=Fingers Crossed, Marketers Count on Olympic Gold|website=The New York Times|date=7 February 2014|access-date=16 September 2017|last1=Elliott|first1=Stuart}}</ref> For June 2015, di United States Supreme Court talk say same-sex marriage fit dey everywhere for di country.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/26/417717613/supreme-court-rules-all-states-must-allow-same-sex-marriages|title=Supreme Court Declares Same-Sex Marriage Legal In All 50 States|work=NPR.org|access-date=2017-11-11}}</ref> Dis one make dem create di hashtag #lovewins.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Behind The Hashtag: #LoveWins|url=http://series.hashtagsunplugged.com/lovewins|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101234605/http://series.hashtagsunplugged.com/lovewins|archive-date=2017-11-01|access-date=2017-11-11|website=Hashtags Unplugged}}</ref> Di hashtag gather over 4.5 billion impressions for Twitter. President Barack Obama sef join di matter den e tweet using di hashtag. ==== United States origin ==== ===== #Girlslikeus ===== E start by Janet Mock for 2012. Dis hashtag na to support Jenna Talackova for de time of de Miss Universe pageant.<ref>{{Cite book|title=#Hashtag ''Activism''|date=2020-03-10|isbn=9780262356503|pages=65–96|chapter=#GirlsLikeUs: Trans Feminist Advocacy and Community Building|doi=10.7551/mitpress/10858.003.0007|chapter-url=https://direct.mit.edu/books/book/4597/chapter/211094/GirlsLikeUs-Trans-Feminist-Advocacy-and-Community|s2cid=241995570}}</ref> ===== #DignidadLiteraria ===== ===== #OwnVoices ===== Dis hashtag dey used to show authors wey come from marginalized or underrepresented groups wey dey write characters from dose same groups. Dis hashtag represent stories wey people wey don live dose experience dey tell.<ref>{{Cite web|last=C|first=Ruben|title=Guides: #OwnVoices: Diversity in Children's and Young Adult Books: What is own voices?|url=https://libguides.ocls.info/ownvoices/about|access-date=2021-10-23|website=libguides.ocls.info|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023020554/https://libguides.ocls.info/ownvoices/about|archive-date=2021-10-23}}</ref> == Effectiveness == Pipo wey dey criticize don dey call hashtag activism slacktivism. Na term wey mean small online engagement for political or social issues, like posting hashtags, liking or sharing content without deep involvement.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cabrera |first1=Nolan L. |last2=Matias |first2=Cheryl E. |last3=Montoya |first3=Roberto |date=December 2017 |title=Activism or slacktivism? The potential and pitfalls of social media in contemporary student activism. |url=http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/dhe0000061 |journal=Journal of Diversity in Higher Education |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=400–415 |doi=10.1037/dhe0000061 |issn=1938-8934 |s2cid=151362391 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Dem critics dey talk say this digital gesture dey show small support, but no real change fit happen. E easy to join, but people dey worry say e go make dem chop am too much and everybody go tire, plus some dey fear say e go just be like say dem dey involved symbolically but no real action go dey.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |date=2015 |title=#Feminism |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473945562 |journal=Sage Knowledge |doi=10.4135/9781473945562 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> E be like some people dey talk say this kind passive way no get de fire plus dedication wey we see for dier earlier social movements.<ref name="Mann 168–184">{{Citation|last=Mann|first=Alana|title=Hashtag activism and the right to food in Australia|date=2017-12-22|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315109930-9|work=Digital Food Activism|pages=168–184|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9781315109930-9|isbn=9781315109930|access-date=2022-03-06|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Anoda gbege be say online movements dey sometimes start from people wey get beta life, no be from those wey dey face di wahala wey dem dey talk about. Some big critics like former Alaska governor Sarah Palin, journalist Malcolm Gladwell, plus writer Teju Cole don talk say this hashtag activism dey make people dey lazy, no fit do any big change for di matter.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dewey|first=Caitlin|date=2014-05-08|title=Is hashtag activism better than doing nothing? Or about the same?|url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=01908286&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA367483009&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1989-02-04 |title=The politics of nursing |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.3.19.19.s47 |journal=Nursing Standard |volume=3 |issue=19 |pages=19–21 |doi=10.7748/ns.3.19.19.s47 |issn=0029-6570 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brand |first=R. E |date=2009-09-11 |title=Screening for familial pancreatic cancer: is doing something better than doing nothing? |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2009.181214 |journal=Gut |volume=58 |issue=10 |pages=1321–1322 |doi=10.1136/gut.2009.181214 |issn=0017-5749 |pmid=19749135 |s2cid=20762933 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Even though some people dey criticize am, supporters sabi say hashtag activism be strong tool wey fit raise awareness, share personal stories, plus bring people together.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Keene|first=Ann T.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1603926|title=Chandler, Otis (23 November 1927–17 February 2006)|date=October 2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|series=American National Biography Online|doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1603926}}</ref> Hashtags dey help users connect den rally without dem dey there physically, wey make activism more easy to access for everybody. Because using hashtag no dey hard, more people fit join talk de conversations .we dey help to amplify marginalized voices plus personal stories.<ref name="Yang 13–17">{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Guobin |date=2016-08-11 |title=Narrative Agency in Hashtag Activism: The Case of #BlackLivesMatter |journal=Media and Communication |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=13–17 |doi=10.17645/mac.v4i4.692 |issn=2183-2439 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Campaigns like #MeToo plus #BlackLivesMatter don help people share dem stories, boost conversations, plus make we understand different views better.<ref name="Yang 13–17" /> Supporters like Bev Goodman wey start de #WhyIStayed movement wey dey talk say domestic violence be serious, dem dey argue say dis hashtag activism fit make people dey engage long term plus even change policy matter.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Potts|first1=Liza|title=Proceedings of the 29th ACM international conference on Design of communication|last2=Seitzinger|first2=Joyce|last3=Jones|first3=Dave|last4=Harrison|first4=Angela|date=2011|publisher=ACM Press|isbn=9781450309363|location=New York, New York, USA|page=235|chapter=Tweeting disaster|doi=10.1145/2038476.2038522|chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2038476.2038522|s2cid=15573347}}</ref> For example, back insyde 2012, when Susan G. Komen for de Cure talk say dem go stop money for mammogram referral with Planned Parenthood, plenty backlash happen online, with hashtags like #standwithpp plus #singon; make dem change their mind within de same week.<ref name="Mann 168–1842">{{Citation|last=Mann|first=Alana|title=Hashtag activism and the right to food in Australia|date=2017-12-22|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315109930-9|work=Digital Food Activism|pages=168–184|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9781315109930-9|isbn=9781315109930|access-date=2022-03-06|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Even though Planned Parenthood clinics no dey do mammograms, dem de provide referrals for de service.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hee|first=Michelle Ye|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/10/02/the-repeated-misleading-claim-that-planned-parenthood-provides-mammograms/|title=The repeated, misleading claim that Planned Parenthood 'provides' mammograms|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=October 2, 2015|access-date=April 13, 2017|archive-date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504163409/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/10/02/the-repeated-misleading-claim-that-planned-parenthood-provides-mammograms/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Robertson|first=Lori|date=2012-10-18|title=Planned Parenthood and Mammograms|url=https://www.factcheck.org/2012/10/planned-parenthood-and-mammograms/|access-date=2022-11-05|website=FactCheck.org}}</ref> Di fast speed wey social media dey run make organizations fit guage public response sharp sharp, somtimes e go make dem change dem mind sharp, somtimes e go make dem rethink or change wetin dem decide. == Check am too == * [[:en:Call-out_culture|Call-out culture]] * [[:en:Culture_of_fear|Culture of fear]] * [[:en:Netizen|Netizen]] * [[:en:Slacktivism|Slacktivism]] * [[:en:Social_desirability_bias|Social desirability bias]] * [[:en:Social_justice_warrior|Social justice warrior]] * [[:en:Twitter_diplomacy|Twitter diplomacy]] * [[:en:Virtue_signaling|Virtue signaling]] == References == [[Category:Hashtags|*]] [[Category:Internet activism]] [[Category:Social media campaigns|*]] [[Category:Social commentary]] [[Category:Articles wey dey contain video clips]] 4ob72fei6as2aqb57jvysqx7guoejzt 0 20362 116370 115747 2026-11-07T22:14:42Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Serena Jameka Williams''' (born September 26, 1981) be an American former professional tennis player. Na dem rank am as de world No. 1 insyd women's singles by de Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 319 weeks (third-most of all time),<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-09-08|title=Who has won the most Grand Slams in tennis history?|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/39364315/who-won-most-grand-slams-tennis-history|access-date=2025-03-25|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> wey na she fini as de year-end No. 1 five times. Williams win 73 WTA Tour–level singles titles, wey dey include 23 major women's singles titles—de most insyd de Open Era, den de second-most of all time. She be de player per wey accomplish a career Golden Slam insyd both singles den doubles.<ref name="Berkok-2022">{{cite web|last=Berkok|first=John|date=August 28, 2022|title=Serena Williams records that may never be broken: A Career Golden Slam in singles AND doubles|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/serena-williams-unbreakable-records-career-golden-slam-singles-doubles|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203010620/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/serena-williams-unbreakable-records-career-golden-slam-singles-doubles|archive-date=February 3, 2023|access-date=February 3, 2023|website=Tennis.com}}</ref> Along plus ein elder sisto Venus, na Serena Williams be coached by ein parents Oracene Price den Richard Williams. Turning professional insyd 1995, she win ein first major singles title at de 1999 US Open. From de 2002 French Open to de 2003 Australian Open na she be dominant, winning all four major singles titles consecutively (each time over Venus insyd de final) make she achieve a non-calendar year Grand Slam (dem nickname am de "Serena Slam"). Na de next few years see Williams capture two more major singles titles, buh she suffer from injury den decline in form. Dey start insyd 2007, however, she gradually return to form despite continued injuries, wey she reclaim de world No. 1 singles ranking. Dey begin plus de 2012 Wimbledon Championships, Williams return to dominance, wey she claim Olympic gold (completing de career Golden Slam insyd singles)<ref>{{cite web|last=Berkok|first=John|date=August 4, 2020|title=On This Day: Serena completes her Golden Slam at 2012 London Olympics|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/on-this-day-serena-completes-her-golden-slam-at-2012-london-olympics|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407094621/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/on-this-day-serena-completes-her-golden-slam-at-2012-london-olympics|archive-date=April 7, 2022|access-date=March 28, 2022|website=Tennis.com}}</ref> wey she win eight out of thirteen singles majors, wey dey include all four insyd a row from 2014–2015 make she achieve a second "Serena Slam". At de 2017 Australian Open, she win ein 23rd major singles title, wey she surpass Steffi Graf ein Open Era record. After she preg, Williams take a break from professional tennis, buh she reach four major finals upon returning to play. Insyd August 2022, Williams announce ein impending "evolution" away from professional tennis, wey na she play ein final match at de 2022 US Open.<ref name="New York Times">{{cite news|last1=Streeter|first1=Kurt|title=Serena Williams Will Retire TennisJust as She Played: On Her Own Terms|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 9, 2022|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/09/sports/tennis/serena-williams-retiring-tennis.html|access-date=August 9, 2022|archive-date=August 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809231005/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/09/sports/tennis/serena-williams-retiring-tennis.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams sanso win 23 WTA Tour-level doubles titles, wey dey include 14 major women’s doubles championships, all plus ein sisto Venus. Na de pair be undefeated insyd major doubles finals, wey dem earn de best unbeaten record insyd major finals insyd any discipline of de sport.<ref>{{cite web|last=Neworth|first=Jack|date=September 10, 2012|title=Almost Serene Serena|url=http://www.10sballs.com/2012/09/10/almost-serene-serena-by-jack-neworth/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508062539/http://www.10sballs.com/2012/09/10/almost-serene-serena-by-jack-neworth//|archive-date=May 8, 2013|access-date=May 30, 2013|website=10sballs.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Berkok|first=John|date=August 27, 2022|title=Serena Williams records that may never be broken: Going 14–0 in Grand Slam doubles finals with Venus|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/serena-williams-records-that-may-never-be-broken-14-0-grand-slam-doubles-finals|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114235552/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/serena-williams-records-that-may-never-be-broken-14-0-grand-slam-doubles-finals|archive-date=January 14, 2023|access-date=January 14, 2023|website=Tennis.com}}</ref> Na de sistos achieve a non-calendar year Grand Slam between de 2009 Wimbledon Championships den de 2010 French Open, wich grant dem de doubles world No. 1 ranking. Williams win four Olympic gold medals, three insyd women's doubles—an all-time joint record insyd tennis, she share plus ein sisto.<ref>{{cite web|date=August 5, 2012|title=Venus and Serena Williams win Olympic gold|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/venus-and-serena-williams-win-olympic-gold/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313161027/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/venus-and-serena-williams-win-olympic-gold/|archive-date=March 13, 2022|access-date=March 13, 2022|publisher=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Fernando|first=Shemal|date=November 6, 2022|title=Serena Williams, the tennis Queen who conquered four Olympic Golds and 23 Grand Slams|url=https://archives1.sundayobserver.lk/2022/11/06/sports/serena-williams-tennis-queen-who-conquered-four-olympic-golds-and-23-grand-slams|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129162417/https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/11/06/sports/serena-williams-tennis-queen-who-conquered-four-olympic-golds-and-23-grand-slams|archive-date=January 29, 2023|access-date=January 29, 2023|website=Sunday Observer}}</ref> De duo be de women per insyd de Open Era make dem win Olympic gold insyd both singles den doubles.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fernando|first=Shemal|date=November 6, 2022|title=Serena Williams, the tennis Queen who conquered four Olympic Golds and 23 Grand Slams|url=https://archives1.sundayobserver.lk/2022/11/06/sports/serena-williams-tennis-queen-who-conquered-four-olympic-golds-and-23-grand-slams|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307084850/https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/11/06/sports/serena-williams-tennis-queen-who-conquered-four-olympic-golds-and-23-grand-slams|archive-date=March 7, 2023|access-date=February 28, 2023|website=Sunday Observer}}</ref> Williams sanso win two mixed doubles majors, both insyd 1998. She be de player per, male anaa female, make she plete three career Golden Slams—one insyd women's singles den two insyd women's doubles.<ref name="Berkok-2022"/> Na dem credit de ascent of de Williams sistos plus ushering insyd a new era of power den athleticism on de women's professional tennis tour.<ref>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Ja|date=September 28, 2012|title=The Williams Sisters and the Rise of the Women's Power Game|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1350759-the-williams-sisters-and-the-rise-of-the-womens-power-game|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010450/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1350759-the-williams-sisters-and-the-rise-of-the-womens-power-game|archive-date=October 5, 2013|access-date=June 16, 2013|website=Bleacher Report}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/29/magazine/29Tennis-t.html|title=How Power Has Transformed Women's Tennis|last=Kimmelman|first=Michael|date=August 25, 2010|work=The New York Times|page=MM23|access-date=February 18, 2017|archive-date=March 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313131202/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/29/magazine/29Tennis-t.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/31/sports/tennis/31williams.html|title=Williams Sisters Write Their Own Story|last=Crouse|first=Karen|date=August 30, 2009|page=F2|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=February 18, 2017|archive-date=July 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722113522/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/31/sports/tennis/31williams.html?|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tennishead.net/news/on-tour/2011/12/15/girl-power-evolution-of-the-womens-game|title=Girl power: Evolution of the women's game|publisher=Advantage Publishing|date=December 15, 2011|publication-date=November 2011|access-date=June 16, 2013|archive-date=May 17, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517122559/http://www.tennishead.net/news/on-tour/2011/12/15/girl-power-evolution-of-the-womens-game|url-status=live}}</ref> Serena be de most recent woman to simultaneously hold all four major singles titles (2002–2003 den 2014–2015), den to win de Surface Slam (major titles on hard, clay den grass courts insyd de same calendar year), wich na she accomplish insyd 2015. She sanso, plus Venus, be de most recent player wey dem simultaneously hold all four major women's doubles titles (2009–2010). Na Williams be de world's highest paid woman athlete insyd 2016, earning almost $29 million.<ref>{{cite web|last=Badenhausen|first=Kurt|title=Serena Williams – In Photos: The World's Highest-Paid Female Athletes 2016|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mli45ffmff/1-serena-williams/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611183638/https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mli45ffmff/1-serena-williams/|archive-date=June 11, 2017|access-date=August 22, 2017|work=Forbes}}</ref> She repeat dis feat insyd 2017 wen na she be de woman per on ''Forbes'' dema list of de 100 highest-paid athletes, plus $27{{nbsp}}million insyd prize money den endorsements. She be de highest-earning woman athlete of all time.<ref name="Forbes21">{{cite web|year=2021|title=Serena Williams|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/serena-williams/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502080535/https://www.forbes.com/profile/serena-williams/|archive-date=May 2, 2020|access-date=June 26, 2021|website=Forbes}}</ref> Williams win de Laureus World Sportswoman of the Year a record four times (2003, 2010, 2016, 2018),<ref name="Laureus">{{cite web|title=Past Winners|url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners|accessdate=|website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> Comeback of the Year once (2007),<ref name="Laureus" /> den insyd December 2015 na dem name am Sportsperson of the Year by ''Sports Illustrated'' magazine.<ref>{{cite news|last=McCarvel|first=Nick|title=Serena Williams revels in Sports Illustrated cover limelight|work=USA Today|date=December 16, 2015|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/tennis/2015/12/15/serena-williams-explains-idea-behind-sports-illustrated-cover/77391104/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505162455/http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/tennis/2015/12/15/serena-williams-explains-idea-behind-sports-illustrated-cover/77391104/|archive-date=May 5, 2016|access-date=December 17, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd 2020, na de Tennis Channel rank Williams as de greatest women’s tennis player of all time.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|last=Prakash|date=May 18, 2020|title=Serena Williams Ranked as the Greatest of All Time|url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Serena_Williams/87651/serena-williams-ranked-as-the-greatest-of-all-time/|access-date=June 15, 2021|website=Tennis World USA}}</ref> She receive de Princess of Asturias Award for Sport insyd 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Serena Williams|url=https://www.fpa.es/en/princess-of-asturias-awards/laureates/2025-serena-williams/|access-date=2025-08-18|website=www.fpa.es|language=en}}</ref> == Early life == Na dem born Williams on September 26, 1981, insyd Saginaw, Michigan, to Oracene Price den Richard Williams. She be de youngest of Price ein five daughters, after half-sistos Yetunde, Lyndrea, den Isha Price, den full older sisto Venus. She sanso get at least seven paternal half-siblings. Wen na de kiddies be young, de family move go Compton, California, wer na she start dey play tennis at de age of four. Na ein poppie home-school am den Venus. While na he den ein mommie be ein official coaches, ein oda mentors include Richard Williams, a Compton man wey share ein poppie ein name den subsequently found The Venus and Serena Williams Tennis Tutorial Academy. [[File:Venus_and_Serena_1993.jpg|left|thumb|Venus den Serena Williams (right) at a Pam Shriver event insyd Baltimore, 1993]] Wen na Williams be nine, she den ein family move from Compton to West Palm Beach, Florida, so she go fi attend de tennis academy of Rick Macci, wey provide am plus additional coaching. Na Macci no always agree plus Williams ein poppie, buh na he respect dat "he treat ein daughters like kids, allow dem make dem be little girlies". By 1991, na Williams get a 46–3 record on de United States Tennis Association junior tour wey na dem rank am No. 1 among under-10 players insyd Florida. Wen na Williams be 10, Richard stop dey send ein daughters to national junior tennis tournaments, as na he wan make dem "go slowly" den focus on school, den secof na he wan to ensure dem no go burn out before turning professional. Experiences of racism sanso influence dis decision, as na he hear say white parents talk about de Williams sistos insyd a derogatory manner during tournaments. Insyd 1995, wen na Williams dey insyd de ninth grade, ein poppie pull ein daughters out of Macci ein academy wey he take over all coaching at dema home. Wen na dem biz am insyd 2000 whether na e fi be more beneficial give dem make dem follow de normal path of playing regularly on de junior circuit, Richard respond, "''Everyone does different things. I think for Venus and I, we just attempted a different road, and it worked for us."'' == Professional career == === 1995–1998: Professional debut === Na Williams ein parents initially wan make dema daughter wait til na she be 16 to participate insyd professional tournaments.<ref name="tradition">{{cite news|last=Finn|first=Robin|title=Tennis; A Family Tradition At Age 14|work=The New York Times|date=31 October 1995|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/31/sports/tennis-a-family-tradition-at-age-14.html|access-date=13 July 2019|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406050124/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/31/sports/tennis-a-family-tradition-at-age-14.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd 1995, just after turning 14, Williams plan make she make ein professional debut as a wild-card entry insyd de Bank of the West Classic insyd Oakland, California, buh na dem deny am secof age-eligibility restrictions.<ref name="Finn">{{cite news|last=Finn|first=Robin|title=Tennis; Teen-Ager, Fighting To Turn Pro At 14, Puts Off Lawsuit For Now|work=The New York Times|date=6 October 1995|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/06/sports/tennis-teen-ager-fighting-to-turn-pro-at-14-puts-off-lawsuit-for-now.html|access-date=13 July 2019|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406035639/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/06/sports/tennis-teen-ager-fighting-to-turn-pro-at-14-puts-off-lawsuit-for-now.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Na she subsequently file an antitrust lawsuit against de WTA, buh na she withdraw am at ein parents dema request. Na ein first professional event be insyd October 1995 at de Bell Challenge insyd Quebec,<ref>{{cite news|title=Tennis Muster Stuns Sampras Indoors In Germany|work=The New York Times|date=29 October 1995|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/29/sports/results-plus-859495.html|access-date=13 July 2019|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406195430/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/29/sports/results-plus-859495.html|url-status=live}}</ref> wer na she use a wild-card entry to circumvent age-eligibility rules. She loose insyd de first qualifying round to 18-year-old American Annie Miller.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 January 2015|title=Whatever happened to the first person to beat Serena Williams?|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/news-commentary/story/_/id/12167370/what-ever-happened-first-person-beat-serena-williams|access-date=22 December 2023|work=ESPN}}</ref> After she no play insyd 1996, Williams win ein first main-draw match at de Ameritech Cup Chicago insyd November 1997.<ref name="tennispal">{{cite web|date=10 April 2018|title=Athlete Profile: Serena Williams|url=https://tennispal.com/athlete-profile-serena-williams/|access-date=22 December 2023|website=tennispal.com}}</ref><ref name="youngerwilliams">{{cite news|title=Tennis: Roundup; Younger Williams Wins In Chicago|work=The New York Times|date=4 November 1997|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/sports/tennis-roundup-younger-williams-wins-in-chicago.html|access-date=13 July 2019|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406114507/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/sports/tennis-roundup-younger-williams-wins-in-chicago.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Na dem rank am No.304, she upset No.7 [[Mary Pierce]] den No.4 Monica Seles,<ref>{{cite news|title=Serena Williams Upsets Pierce|work=The New York Times|date=7 November 1997|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/07/sports/tennis-roundup.html|access-date=13 July 2019|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406102402/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/07/sports/tennis-roundup.html|url-status=live}}</ref> wey she record ein first career wins over top{{nbsp}}10 players wey she cam be de lowest-ranked player insyd de Open Era make she defeat two top-10 opponents insyd one tournament.<ref name="Card"/> She ultimately loose insyd de semifinals to No.5 Lindsay Davenport.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|title=Tennis: Roundup – Ameritech Open; Serena Williams Loses In Semi|work=The New York Times|date=9 November 1997|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/09/sports/tennis-roundup-ameritech-open-serena-williams-loses-in-semi.html|access-date=13 July 2019|archive-date=July 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714051231/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/09/sports/tennis-roundup-ameritech-open-serena-williams-loses-in-semi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ein run insyd Chicago propel Williams into de Top 100 for de first time insyd ein career, wey na she finis 1997 dem rank am No.99 insyd de world.<ref name="sportytell">{{cite web|date=11 April 2020|title=Serena Williams Biography Facts, Childhood, Personal Life|url=https://sportytell.com/biography/serena-williams-biography-facts-childhood-personal-life/|access-date=22 December 2023|website=sportytell.com}}</ref><ref name="Fed">{{cite web|date=31 January 2020|title=Remembering Serena's 1999 Fed Cup debut|url=https://www.usta.com/en/home/pro/pro-media---news/remembering-serena-williams--fed-cup-debut-in-1999.html|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.usta.com}}</ref> At de 1998 Sydney International, Williams defeat No.3 Davenport insyd de quarterfinals, before she loose to Arantxa Sánchez Vicario insyd de semifinals.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stevenson|first=Samantha|title=Tennis; Williams Sisters Won't Meet in the Final|work=The New York Times|date=16 January 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/16/sports/tennis-williams-sisters-won-t-meet-in-the-final.html|access-date=13 July 2019|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406210728/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/16/sports/tennis-williams-sisters-won-t-meet-in-the-final.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Na Williams ein first main draw of a Grand Slam tournament be at de Australian Open, wer na she defeat sixth-seeded Irina Spîrlea insyd de first round, before she loose to Venus insyd de second round insyd de sistos dema first professional face-off.<ref name="Card"/><ref name="Irina">{{cite news|last=Finn|first=Robin|title=Tennis; In Williams vs. Williams, Big Sister Moves Ahead|work=The New York Times|date=January 21, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/21/sports/tennis-in-williams-vs-williams-big-sister-moves-ahead.html|access-date=July 13, 2019|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406035637/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/21/sports/tennis-in-williams-vs-williams-big-sister-moves-ahead.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Na she reach six oda quarterfinals during de year, buh she lost all of dem, wey dey include ein first match against No.1-ranked Martina Hingis.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 March 1998|title=Hingis Escapes One Williams, and Will Face the Other|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/25/sports/tennis-hingis-escapes-one-williams-and-will-face-the-other.html|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.nytimes.com}}</ref><ref name="Looney">{{cite news|first=Douglas S.|last=Looney|title=Venus Rising|work=The Christian Science Monitor|date=May 22, 1998|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1998/0522/052298.feat.feat.2.html|access-date=July 14, 2019|archive-date=April 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405074148/https://www.csmonitor.com/1998/0522/052298.feat.feat.2.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She loose insyd de fourth round of de French Open to Vicario,<ref>{{cite news|last=Finn|first=Robin|title=Tennis; Emotions Hit the Heights In Bitter Day on the Clay|work=The New York Times|date=June 1, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/01/sports/tennis-emotions-hit-the-heights-in-bitter-day-on-the-clay.html|access-date=July 14, 2019|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406131033/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/01/sports/tennis-emotions-hit-the-heights-in-bitter-day-on-the-clay.html|url-status=live}}</ref> den insyd de third round of de US Open to Spîrlea.<ref>{{cite news|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|title=Tennis: U.S. Open; One Year Later, Spirlea Defeats a Williams Sister|work=The New York Times|date=September 5, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/05/sports/tennis-us-open-one-year-later-spirlea-defeats-a-williams-sister.html|access-date=July 14, 2019|archive-date=April 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405211850/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/05/sports/tennis-us-open-one-year-later-spirlea-defeats-a-williams-sister.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She withdraw from Wimbledon two games into a match after she strain a calf muscle.<ref>{{cite news|last=Finn|first=Robin|title=Tennis; Serena Williams Is Out; Henman Uplifts Locals|work=The New York Times|date=June 30, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/30/sports/tennis-serena-williams-is-out-henman-uplifts-locals.html|access-date=July 14, 2019|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406035637/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/30/sports/tennis-serena-williams-is-out-henman-uplifts-locals.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After she loose de French Open mixed doubles final to Venus den Justin Gimelstob, Williams win de mixed doubles titles at Wimbledon den de US Open with Max Mirnyi.<ref>{{cite web|date=5 July 2023|title=On this day 25 years ago: 16-year-old Serena Williams wins Wimbledon mixed doubles title|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/on-this-day-serena-williams-wins-wimbledon-mixed-doubles-title-1998|accessdate=22 December 2023|website=www.tennis.com}}</ref> Williams win ein first professional title insyd non-mixed doubles at de U.S. National Indoor Championships insyd Oklahoma City plus Venus, wich make dem de third pair of sistos to win a WTA title.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 March 2023|title=25 Years Ago: Venus Williams' titanic day in Oklahoma City|url=https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/on-this-day-1998-venus-williams-wins-first-wta-title-in-oklahoma-city-serena|accessdate=22 December 2023|website=www.tennis.com}}</ref> Williams fini de year ranked No.20 insyd singles, de fastest achievement of dat milestone insyd women's history.<ref name="rankingshistory"/><ref name="memorable">{{cite web|date=31 August 2022|title=1995–1999: The beginning of a memorable care|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2772210/1995-1999-the-beginning-of-a-memorable-career|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.wtatennis.com}}</ref> === 1999: First major den becoming a top-5 player === Insyd February 1999, Williams win ein first professional singles title wen na she defeat Amélie Mauresmo insyd de final of de Open Gaz de France insyd Paris.<ref name="Card"/><ref>{{cite web|date=28 February 2019|title=20 years on: Remembering Serena Williams's first WTA title|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1449912/20-years-on-remembering-serena-williamss-first-wta-title|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.wtatennis.com}}</ref> Insyd March, Williams win ein first WTA 1000 event at de Evert Cup insyd California, wey she defeat Steffi Graf insyd de final.<ref name="memorable"/><ref>{{cite web|date=13 October 2022|title=The Matches that Made Serena the GOAT: Williams d. Steffi Graf, 1999 Indian Wells final|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-matches-that-made-serena-the-goat-williams-d-steffi-graf-1999-indian-wells-f|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.tennis.com}}</ref> At de Miami Masters, Williams get ein 16-match winning streak ended by ein sisto insyd de first all-sister singles final insyd WTA history.<ref name="Lipton">{{cite web|date=28 March 1999|title=Venus Beats Sister At Lipton|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/venus-beats-sister-at-lipton/|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.cbsnews.com}}</ref> Insyd de doubles event at de French Open, she den Venus win de title after she defeat Hingis den Anna Kournikova insyd de final.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dillman|first1=Lisa|date=May 29, 1999|title=Fernandez's Big Upset Is Predictable|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-may-29-sp-42257-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030230810/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-may-29-sp-42257-story.html|archive-date=October 30, 2023|access-date=August 1, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|location=Paris}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=7 June 2020|title=Venus and Serena win Roland Garros to seal first of 14 majors|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1677676/venus-and-serena-win-roland-garros-to-seal-first-of-14-majors|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.usta.com}}</ref> Williams miss Wimbledon insyd 1999 secof injury. Wen she return to de tour two months later, she make ein Fed Cup debut, wey she defeat Rita Grande to send de United States to de final.<ref name="Fed"/> She then win ein third title at de JPMorgan Chase Open, wey she beat Julie Halard-Decugis insyd de final. At de US Open, Williams defeat Grand Slam champions Kim Clijsters, Conchita Martínez, Monica Seles, den Lindsay Davenport (de defending champion) insyd consecutive matches make she reach de final, wer na she defeat No.1-ranked Hingis. Williams cam be de second African-American woman make she win a Grand Slam singles tournament, after Althea Gibson.<ref>{{cite web|date=13 September 1999|title=Serena upsets Hingis to win first Grand Slam|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/usopen99/news/1999/0911/51747.html|access-date=22 December 2023|work=ESPN}}</ref> De Williams sistos sanso win de doubles event at dis tournament, wey make Serena de fifth woman insyd de Open Era make she win both singles den doubles at de same major event.<ref name="Card"/> Make she plete ein 1999 season, Williams win a doubles match against Russia insyd de Fed Cup final make she help de US win de title. Williams end de year ranked insyd a career-high world No.4 insyd just ein second full year on de main tour. === 2000–2001: Olympic gold, US Open final, den Indian Wells boycott === Insyd 2000, Williams fail to defend ein titles insyd Paris den Indian Wells, although na she win de Faber Grand Prix insyd Germany.<ref>{{Cite news|last=The Associated Press|first=|date=2000-02-21|title=Faber Grand Prix; Serena Williams Routs Chladkova|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/21/sports/plus-tennis-faber-grand-prix-serena-williams-routs-chladkova.html|access-date=2024-05-27|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Soon afterwards, she miss de French Open secof injury.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|date=2000-05-27|title=Serena Williams Pulls Out of French Open|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/27/sports/tennis-serena-williams-pulls-out-of-french-open.html|access-date=2024-05-27|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Na she recover den play at de Wimbledon Championships, wer na she loose to Venus insyd de semifinals; however, na de pair win de doubles title.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wimbledon 2000 Tennis Tournament|url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/wimbledon/gbr/2000/w-sl-gbr-01a-2000/draws-and-results/|access-date=2024-05-27|website=International Tennis Foundation}}</ref> Na ein defense of de US Open title end wen na she loose insyd de quarterfinals to Davenport. Williams den ein sisto win de gold medal insyd doubles at de Sydney Olympics dat September,<ref name="Card">{{cite web|title=ESPN.com: SWILLIAMS PlayerCard|url=https://www.espn.com/sports/tennis/playerCard?player=serena|access-date=22 December 2023|work=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=28 September 2000|title=Summer Olympics 2000 Williams sisters win gold in women's doubles|url=https://www.espn.com/oly/summer00/news/2000/0927/784564.html|access-date=22 December 2023|work=ESPN}}</ref> wey Williams end de year by she win de Toyota Princess Cup wey she fini at No.6.<ref name="rankingshistory"/> Williams begin 2001 by losing to Hingis insyd de quarterfinals of both de Medibank International den de Australian Open.<ref>{{cite web|date=24 January 2001|title=Hingis Ousts Serena Williams at Aussie Open|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/story?id=99916|access-date=22 December 2023|website=abcnews.go.com}}</ref> She den Venus win de doubles event at de latter tournament, wey dem cam be de fifth doubles team per insyd history make dem win all four Grand Slam women's doubles titles during dema career, completing a "Career Grand Slam".<ref>{{cite web|date=26 January 2001|title=Williams sisters upset Davenport-Morariu|url=https://a.espncdn.com/tennis/aus2001/news/2001/0125/1040762.html|access-date=22 December 2023|work=ESPN}}</ref> Na ein next event be de Pacific Life Open insyd Indian Wells, wer na she defeat Clijsters insyd de final. During de tournament, na Richard Williams state say na dem make racist comments to am by spectators.<ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Doug|date=April 2, 2001|title=Richard Williams decries fans as racist|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/stories/2001-03-26-focus-williams.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315211821/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/stories/2001-03-26-focus-williams.htm|archive-date=March 15, 2015|access-date=July 13, 2019|work=USA Today}}</ref> As a result, na both Serena den Venus pledge make dem boycott de event, even though na ebe a mandatory stop on de WTA tour; Serena ein boycott last til 2015. Williams then loose to Jennifer Capriati insyd de quarterfinals of three tournaments: Miami Masters, de French Open den Wimbledon. She claim ein second title of de year at de Rogers Cup, defeating Capriati insyd de final. Insyd September, Williams loose to ein sisto insyd de final of de US Open, wich na be de first Grand Slam tournament final played by two sistos during de Open Era. At de 2001 season-ending Tour Championships, Williams win de championship by walkover wen Davenport withdraw secof injury. Williams fini 2001 at No.6 for de second straight year.<ref name="rankingshistory">{{cite web|title=Serena Williams ranking history at the WTA|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/230234/serena-williams#rankingshistory|accessdate=18 December 2023|website=www.wtatennis.com}}</ref> === 2002–2003: "Serena Slam" === Early insyd 2002, na injury see Williams retire from de semifinal at de Medibank International Sydney wey she later withdraw from de Australian Open.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/14/sports/tennis-agassi-and-serena-williams-withdraw-in-australia-kuerten-is-beaten.html|title=Tennis; Agassi And Serena Williams Withdraw In Australia; Kuerten Is Beaten|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|date=January 14, 2002|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=October 25, 2016|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406200337/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/14/sports/tennis-agassi-and-serena-williams-withdraw-in-australia-kuerten-is-beaten.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After recovering, Williams win ein first title of de year insyd Scottsdale, Arizona, defeating No.2 Capriati, insyd de final.<ref>{{cite web|date=4 March 2002|title=Serena Williams beats Capriati to win State Farm Classic|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/tennis/serena-williams-beats-capriati-to-win-state-farm-classic-1.341407|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.cbc.ca}}</ref> She then win de Miami Masters for de first time after beating No.3 Hingis insyd de quarterfinals, No.2 Venus insyd de semifinals, den No.1 Capriati insyd de final, wey she cam be de second player insyd de Open Era make she defeat de world ein top 3 ranked players at de same event.<ref>{{cite web|date=24 August 2022|title=Serena Williams records that may never be broken: Beating No. 1 and No. 2 at the same tournament eight times|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/serena-williams-records-that-may-never-be-broken-beating-no-1-no-2-eight-times|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.tennis.com}}</ref> [[File:SWilliams-SYD-1.jpg|left|thumb|Medibank International Sydney, 2002]] Insyd May, Williams reach ein first clay-court final at de Eurocard German Open, buh she loose to Justine Henin. Williams win ein first clay-court title at de Italian Open,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2002/may/20/tennis1|title=Hingis may be out to end of year|work=The Guardian|access-date=April 23, 2009|date=May 20, 2002|first=Eleanor|last=Preston|archive-date=November 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113175113/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2002/may/20/tennis1|url-status=live}}</ref> wich raise ein ranking to a new high of No.3.<ref>{{cite news|first=Derrick|last=Whyte|title=First title on clay boosts Williams for French Open|newspaper=The Independent|date=May 20, 2002|page=24}}</ref> She then claim ein first French Open title, wich elevate am to No.2, second only to Venus.<ref>{{cite news|title=Au revoir, big sister|newspaper=The Kansas City Star|date=June 9, 2002|page=37}}</ref> During de summer, Williams win Wimbledon for de first time, wey she defeat Venus insyd de final. Na de victory propel am to No.1, wey make am de third African American woman to hold de top ranking.<ref>{{cite web|date=8 July 2002|title=Sublime Serena celebrates the crucial difference|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2002/jul/08/wimbledon2002.wimbledon4|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.theguardian.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=6 July 2002|title=Serena grabs sister's Wimbledon title|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/07/06/williams.tennis/index.html|access-date=22 December 2023|website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=5 July 2002|title=Serena on top of the world|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2002/jul/05/wimbledon2002.wimbledon3|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> De Williams sistos sanso win de doubles event at de tournament.<ref>{{cite web|date=17 July 2002|title=Williams sisters take doubles title, too|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/wimbledon02/s/2002/0707/1402961.html|access-date=22 December 2023|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> At de US Open, Williams reach de final wer, for de third Grand Slam insyd a row, she defeat ein sisto make she win de title.<ref>{{cite web|date=8 September 2002|title=In the End, It's Serena vs. Venus|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/2002/09/08/in-the-end-its-serena-vs-venus/2152e186-4ee9-49f3-bf6d-8b048a4b7ea1/|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.chicagotribune.com}}</ref> Williams win two consecutive singles titles insyd de fall, defeating Clijsters make she win de Toyota Princess Cup insyd Tokyo, den [[Anastasia Myskina]] to win de Sparkassen Cup insyd Leipzig.<ref>{{cite web|date=30 September 2002|title=Serena Williams Wins Another Title|url=https://eu.theledger.com/story/news/2002/09/30/serena-williams-wins-another-title/26022233007/|access-date=22 December 2023|website=eu.theledger.com}}</ref> She reach de final at de Home Depot Championships insyd Los Angeles, wer na she loose to Clijsters insyd straight sets.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 November 2002|title=Clijsters upsets Serena to win WTA Championships|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/news/2002/1111/1459487.html|access-date=22 December 2023|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Williams fini 2002 plus a 56–5 win/lose record, eight singles titles, den de No.1 ranking.<ref name="Serena02">{{cite web|date=27 December 2015|title=Greatest Seasons: Serena Williams 2002|url=https://www.vavel.com/en-us/tennis-usa/2015/12/27/583371.html|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.vavel.com}}</ref> Ein three consecutive Grand Slam titles insyd 2002 make am de third player per insyd history to win de "Surface Slam" after Martina Navratilova (1984) den Steffi Graf (1993, 1995, 1996).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1536384-forget-calendar-slam-surface-slam-almost-as-rare|title=Forget Calendar Slam, "Surface Slam" Almost as Rare|work=Bleacher Report|date=February 20, 2013|access-date=July 15, 2015|archive-date=July 21, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721160101/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1536384-forget-calendar-slam-surface-slam-almost-as-rare|url-status=live}}</ref> At de 2003 Australian Open, Williams face Venus for de fourth consecutive Grand Slam tournament final. She defeat ein older sisto wey na she cam be de sixth woman insyd de Open Era make she plete a Career Grand Slam, alongside Graf, Navratilova, Margaret Court, Chris Evert den Billie Jean King. She sanso be de fifth woman make she hold all Grand Slam singles titles simultaneously, a feat wich na dem dub de "Serena Slam" by de press.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/australian_open/2003/2693425.stm|title=Serena completes Slam|access-date=May 30, 2017|work=BBC Sport|date=January 25, 2003|archive-date=April 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405074150/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/australian_open/2003/2693425.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tennischannel.com/news/NewsDetails.aspx?newsid=5055|title=Grand Slam for Serena Williams?|first=John|last=Leicester|agency=Associated Press|publisher=Tennis Channel|access-date=April 22, 2009|date=February 11, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716210454/http://www.tennischannel.com/news/NewsDetails.aspx?newsid=5055|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> At dis tournament, de Williams sistos sanso win dema sixth Grand Slam doubles title as a team.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/australian_open/2003/2690067.stm|title=Williams pair take doubles crown|access-date=May 30, 2017|work=BBC Sport|date=January 24, 2003|archive-date=October 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027004710/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/australian_open/2003/2690067.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> During de spring of 2003, Williams capture de singles titles at de Open Gaz de France den de Sony Ericsson Open. Ein streak of 21 wins end wen she loose de final of de Family Circle Cup to Henin. She sanso loose to Mauresmo insyd de semifinals of de Internazionali BNL d'Italia insyd Rome. Despite dese defeats, na Williams be de top seed at de French Open, wer na she loose insyd de semifinals to eventual champion Henin; na dis be Williams ein first loss insyd a Grand Slam tournament since 2001. Na de match be controversial, plus Williams questioning Henin ein sportsmanship, wey spectators dey applaud Williams ein errors.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/french_open_2003/2967190.stm|title=Williams 'hurt' by jeers|access-date=May 30, 2017|work=BBC Sport|date=June 6, 2003|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406102345/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/french_open_2003/2967190.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams rebound from de loss at de 2003 Wimbledon Championships, wer na she defeat Venus insyd de final. Na dis be Williams ein second consecutive Wimbledon title den ein sixth Grand Slam singles title overall. Wimbledon be ein last tournament of 2003; she pull out of three events den then she undergo surgery on de quadriceps tendon insyd ein knee insyd early August. Na dem dey expect make she be in recovery for six to eight weeks.<ref>{{cite news|last=Harris|first=Beth|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2003-08-01-serena-out-us-open_x.htm|agency=Associated Press|title=Serena Williams to miss U.S. Open after knee surgery|newspaper=USA Today|date=August 2, 2003|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910034041/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2003-08-01-serena-out-us-open_x.htm|archive-date=September 10, 2014}}</ref> === 2004–2007: Injuries den comeback === After eight months away from tennis, Williams begin ein comeback at de NASDAQ-100 Open insyd March 2004, wer na she win de title for de third consecutive year. Although dem rank am No.7, na Williams seed second at de French Open, wer na she loose to Capriati insyd de quarterfinals. A few weeks later, na dem seed Williams first at Wimbledon, even though na ein ranking drop to No.10. She win six matches en route to de final, wer na Maria Sharapova defeat am. De loss cause ein drop out of de top 10 for de first time since 1999. Later dat summer, Williams reach ein third final of de year at de JPMorgan Chase Open insyd Los Angeles, wer na she loose to Lindsay Davenport. Na dem seed Williams third at de 2004 US Open, wer na she face Capriati insyd de quarterfinals.<ref>{{cite web|date=September 7, 2004|title=High drama. Serena falls to Capriati amid controversy; Roddick continues to roll|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/tennis/specials/us_open/2004/09/07/capriati.serena.ap/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608075909/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/tennis/specials/us_open/2004/09/07/capriati.serena.ap/index.html|archive-date=June 8, 2009|access-date=May 4, 2009|agency=Associated Press|magazine=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> During de match, umpire Mariana Alves make a call wey favor Capriati, buh na subsequent video review show say na ein call be incorrect.<ref name="saga">{{cite web|date=9 September 2018|title=Serena Williams' controversial US Open moments following final saga|url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/32822/11493879/serena-williams-controversial-us-open-moments-following-final-saga|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.skysports.com}}</ref> Williams argue plus Alves over several oda calls during de match, wich na Capriati eventually win. Na Williams acknowledge say na ein loss primarily be secof ein 57 unforced errors, buh na she nevertheless feel "cheated" wey na she accuse Alves of temporary insanity.<ref>{{cite news|last=Brown|first=Clifton|date=September 8, 2004|title=Umpire's Unforced Errors Help Lift Capriati|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/08/sports/tennis/umpires-unforced-errors-help-lift-capriati.html|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Broussard|first=Chris|date=September 9, 2004|title=Williams Receives Apology, and Umpire's Open Is Over|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/09/sports/tennis/williams-receives-apology-and-umpires-open-is-over.html|access-date=March 4, 2019|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Na de controversy renew calls for, wey na dem widely give am credit for, de adoption of new technology such as de MacCAM den Hawk-Eye systems.<ref>{{cite web|date=September 9, 2004|title=Officials apologize to Serena for bad call – U.S. Open|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/5933547|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105051331/http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/5933547|archive-date=November 5, 2013|access-date=January 27, 2011|publisher=MSNBC}}</ref> Williams win ein second title of de year at de China Open insyd September, wey she defeat US Open champion Svetlana Kuznetsova insyd de final. Na Williams ein successful season allow make she qualify for de Tour Championships, dem san hold insyd Los Angeles. She loose to Sharapova insyd de final, wer na she suffer an abdominal injury.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|date=November 16, 2004|location=Los Angeles, California|access-date=April 23, 2009|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/6474040|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127000326/http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/6474040|archive-date=November 27, 2012|title=Sharapova tops injured Serena for WTA title|publisher=NBC Sports}}</ref> Williams fini 2004 ranked No.7, buh na she no win a Grand Slam singles tournament for de first season since 2001.<ref name="rankingshistory"/> [[File:Serena_serving.jpg|thumb|Exhibition match, 2004]] Dey follow Venus ein early exit from de 2005 Australian Open, na Williams reject suggestions say na she den ein sisto be a declining force insyd tennis.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4204449.stm|title=Angry Williams rejects criticism|work=BBC Sport|access-date=May 30, 2017|date=January 25, 2005|archive-date=July 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721082142/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4204449.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> She defeat top seed Davenport make she win de tournament, wey she claim ein second Australian Open trophy den seventh Grand Slam singles title.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4214545.stm|title=Williams battles to Aussie title|work=BBC Sport|date=January 29, 2005|access-date=May 30, 2013|archive-date=May 30, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060530153214/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4214545.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Na de victory move am back to No.2.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4217997.stm|title=Williams eyes return to top spot|date=January 29, 2005|work=BBC Sport|access-date=April 20, 2017|archive-date=July 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721082142/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4217997.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams plete just two tournaments between de Australian Open den Wimbledon, wey she loose to Venus insyd Miami den Francesca Schiavone insyd Italy.<ref>{{cite web|date=February 12, 2005|title=Serena Williams Pulls from WTA Paris with Stomach Illness|url=http://www.tennis-x.com/story/2005-02-12/k.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615113323/http://www.tennis-x.com/story/2005-02-12/k.php|archive-date=June 15, 2011|access-date=January 27, 2011|website=Tennis-X.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=March 5, 2005|title=Strained Tendon Forces Serena Out|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7884299.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905095603/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7884299.html|archive-date=September 5, 2013|access-date=January 27, 2011}}</ref> Na a reoccurring ankle injury cause am make she miss de French Open.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-may-21-sp-french21-story.html|title=Serena Pulls Out, Citing Ankle Injury|work=Los Angeles Times|date=May 21, 2009|access-date=January 27, 2011|first=Lisa|last=Dillman|archive-date=October 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015101633/http://articles.latimes.com/2005/may/21/sports/sp-french21|url-status=live}}</ref> She return to Wimbledon as de 4th-seeded player, buh na dem defeat am insyd de third round. At de US Open, Williams loose to ein sisto insyd de fourth round. Williams play just one more match dat fall, a loss to No.127 Sun Tiantian at de China Open insyd Beijing. She fail to qualify for de year-end championship for de first time since 1998, wey na she fini 2005 ranked No.11.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last1=Cai|first1=Weiyi|last2=Gamio|first2=Lazaro|last3=Ward|first3=Joe|date=2022-08-09|title=Serena Williams: Charting a Career at the Top|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/08/09/sports/tennis/serena-williams-ranking-tennis-wins.html|access-date=2024-05-27|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Williams make ein 2006 debut at de Australian Open, wey she defend ein title. After she loose to Daniela Hantuchová insyd de third round, she tell de press say na she be injured.<ref>{{cite news|date=January 20, 2006|title=Hantuchova stuns champion Serena|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4631036.stm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220232344/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4631036.stm|archive-date=February 20, 2006|access-date=May 30, 2017|work=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4818448.stm|title=Injured Serena pulls out of Miami|date=March 17, 2006|access-date=May 30, 2017|work=BBC Sport|archive-date=April 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415234156/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4818448.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd ein biography, na Williams wrep say na she dey suffer from depression during dis time. She stay away from tennis for six months during de 2006 season, wey na she begin dry see a therapist daily. After a chance meeting plus a young girlie wey idolize Williams den believe insyd am, Williams sign up to play insyd Cincinnati insyd July, ein first tournament since January. Na she slip to No.139, ein lowest ranking since 1997. On ein return, Williams defeat Myskina den Bethanie Mattek,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5175132.stm|title=Serena scores big win on return|date=July 19, 2006|access-date=May 30, 2017|work=BBC Sport|archive-date=April 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420065613/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5175132.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5201908.stm|title=Serena comeback gathers momentum|date=July 21, 2006|access-date=May 30, 2017|work=BBC Sport|archive-date=April 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405074148/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5201908.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> before she loose insyd de semifinals to Vera Zvonareva.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5207094.stm|title=Serena run comes to end in semis|date=July 23, 2006|access-date=May 30, 2017|work=BBC Sport|archive-date=October 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030230817/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/5207094.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> She sanso reach de semifinals insyd Los Angeles, wey she lose to Janković insyd straight sets. Williams need a wildcard make she enter de US Open, as na ein No.139 ranking be too low to automatically qualify am make she play. By de time na de tournament begin, however, she rise to 79th.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4801379.stm|title=Serena granted US Open wildcard|date=August 17, 2006|access-date=May 30, 2017|work=BBC Sport|archive-date=February 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220190111/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4801379.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> She loose to top-seeded Mauresmo insyd de fourth round.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5314730.stm|title=Mauresmo sees off tired Williams|date=September 5, 2006|access-date=May 30, 2017|work=BBC Sport|archive-date=April 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420065611/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5314730.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams fini de year she rank No.95, ein lowest year-end ranking since 1997.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last1=Cai|first1=Weiyi|last2=Gamio|first2=Lazaro|last3=Ward|first3=Joe|date=2022-08-09|title=Serena Williams: Charting a Career at the Top|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/08/09/sports/tennis/serena-williams-ranking-tennis-wins.html|access-date=2024-05-27|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Na Williams begin 2007 plus renewed confidence. She state ein intention make she return to de top of de rankings, a goal wey na dem label "deluded" by commentator Pat Cash.<ref name="targets#1">{{cite news|date=March 17, 2006|title=Serena targets number one ranking|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/6236551.stm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406114200/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/6236551.stm|archive-date=April 6, 2023|access-date=April 23, 2009|work=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref name="cash">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/tennis/article1292868.ece|title=Williams is lost cause|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821180813/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/tennis/article1292868.ece|archive-date=August 21, 2008}}</ref> Williams loose insyd de quarterfinals of de Hobart International, a warm-up for de Australian Open, wer na dem unseed am she wey na dem widely regard am as "out of shape".<ref name="shape">{{Cite web|title=TENNIS.com - 2007 Australian Open - New Mindset: Serena playing for herself|url=http://www.tennis.com/tournaments/2008/australianopen/australianopen.aspx?id=110906|access-date=2025-08-18|website=www.tennis.com}} </ref> Shortly before ein first match, na a representative from Nike tell am na de company fi cancel ein sponsorship if she no perform at ein customary level. Na Williams claim say Nike ein ultimatum mean make she reach de quarterfinals at least. Na de Nike situation no distract Williams, as she loose just three games to Mara Santangelo awey na she defeat Anne Kremer insyd straight sets. By dis point, na a blister develop on ein foot wey na she contract a cold. Insyd de third round, Williams find einself two points away from losing to Nadia Petrova, buh na she fight back to win insyd three sets. She then make am to de final, wey she defeat Jelena Janković, Shahar Pe'er den Nicole Vaidišová along de way. Na Williams describe dem as "''good players ... who certainly didn't expect an overweight, out-of-shape, has-been champion ... to give them a game''." Na commentator Tracy Austin say she expect make Sharapova easily defeat Williams insyd de final. Na Williams think de commentary be mean, wey she use am as motivation to win. She triumph over Sharapova, losing just three games; na ebe ein first tournament title insyd two years.<ref name="NY 2007 AUS">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/27/sports/27iht-web.0127tennis.4368100.html|title=Williams shocks Sharapova to win Australian Open|date=January 27, 2007|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 18, 2017|archive-date=June 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613010541/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/27/sports/27iht-web.0127tennis.4368100.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams cam be de first player since Chris O'Neil make she capture de title widout dem seed am. De victory, wich elevate am to No.14, na ebe ein third Australian Open title den eighth career Grand Slam singles title. Williams dedicate de achievement to ein deceased half-sisto Yetunde.<ref name="ausopen07">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6299369.stm|title=Superb Williams wins Aussie title|work=BBC Sport|last=Newbery|first=Piers|access-date=May 30, 2017|date=January 27, 2007|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406054220/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6299369.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Na dem describe ein performance insyd de final insyd de press as one of de best performances of ein career, den "arguably se most powerful display ever seen insyd women dema tennis".<ref name="shape"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6304837.stm|title=I proved critics wrong – Williams|date=January 27, 2007|access-date=May 30, 2017|work=BBC Sport|archive-date=February 12, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212150222/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6304837.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams win de Sony Ericsson Open insyd Miami for de fourth time by defeating Henin, buh she then loose to am insyd de quarterfinals at de French Open. During a fourth round match against Hantuchová at Wimbledon, Williams collapse from an acute muscle spasm. After a medical timeout, rain force make dem suspend play for nearly two hours. Wen de players return, Williams win de match. Williams then loose ein quarterfinal match against Henin.<ref>{{cite news|last=Cheese|first=Caroline|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6270864.stm|title=Henin overcomes battling Serena|work=BBC Sport|date=July 4, 2007|access-date=May 30, 2013|archive-date=October 7, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007021401/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6270864.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> At de US Open, Williams loose ein third consecutive Grand Slam singles quarterfinal to Henin.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/05/sports/tennis/05tennis.html|title=Henin Defeats Serena Williams Again|last=Robbins|first=Liz|date=September 5, 2007|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 18, 2017|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406132046/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/05/sports/tennis/05tennis.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams reach de final of de Kremlin Cup, buh na she loose to Elena Dementieva. She qualify for de WTA Championships, buh she retire from ein first match plus a knee injury wey she subsequently withdraw from de event.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/07/AR2007110702033.html|title=Serena Williams Hurts Knee in Madrid|date=November 7, 2007|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=April 25, 2017|archive-date=December 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223044010/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/07/AR2007110702033.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tennis-women-championships-williams-idUSL0857371820071108|title=Williams withdraws from Madrid through injury|work=Reuters|date=November 8, 2007|access-date=July 5, 2021|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406063216/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tennis-women-championships-williams-idUSL0857371820071108|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams fini 2007 as No.7 den de top-ranked American for de first time since 2003. === 2008–2010: Injuries, controversy, den return to No. 1 === Williams start 2008 by winning de Hopman Cup give de US, plus Mardy Fish. At de Australian Open, she loose insyd de quarterfinals to Janković, ein fourth straight loss insyd de quarterfinals of a Grand Slam singles tournament. Insyd de women's doubles event, na dem defeat she den Venus insyd de quarterfinals. Williams withdraw from ein next three scheduled tournaments secof an urgent need for dental surgery.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7279958.stm|title=Serena returns to action with win|work=BBC Sport|date=March 5, 2008|access-date=August 19, 2008|archive-date=March 9, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309010932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7279958.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> She then win three consecutive singles titles at Bangalore den ein fifth Miami title, tying Graf for de most singles titles at dis tournament.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Miami Open presented by Itaú Past Winners|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/tournament/902/miami/past-winners|access-date=2024-06-03|website=Women's Tennis Association|language=en}}</ref> She claim victory at de Family Circle Cup, ein first clay-court title since 2002. Na Dinara Safina end ein 17-match winning streak insyd de quarterfinals insyd Berlin. Williams withdraw insyd Rome insyd de quarterfinals secof a back injury, wey she loose insyd de third round of de French Open to Katarina Srebotnik.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2008-05-17|title=Williamses Out of Italian Open|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9A03E3DC1231F934A25756C0A96E9C8B63.html|access-date=2024-05-27|website=The New York Times|language=en|agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bierley|first=Steve|date=2008-05-30|title=Serena's crash to Srebotnik guarantees new champion|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2008/may/31/frenchopen.tennis|access-date=2024-05-27|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> At Wimbledon, Williams reach de finals for de first time insyd four years, buh she loose to Venus insyd dema first Grand Slam final since 2003. Na Serena den Venus team up wey dem win de doubles title, however. Williams play at Stanford, buh she retire insyd de semifinals plus a knee injury, wich sanso force am make she withdraw from a tournament insyd Los Angeles. During de Summer Olympics insyd Beijing, Williams loose to Dementieva insyd de singles quarterfinals, buh na she den Venus win de gold medal insyd doubles. Insys early September, Williams capture ein third US Open title, wich na sanso be ein ninth Grand Slam singles title. De victory return am to No.1 for de first time since 2003.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://usopen.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/match-tracking-jelena-jankovic-vs-serena-williams/?hp|first=Thomas|last=Lin|title=Serena Williams Wins to Regain No.&nbsp;1 Ranking|work=The New York Times|date=September 7, 2008|access-date=May 4, 2009}}</ref> At de year-end championships, she defeat Safina wey she loose to Venus insyd round-robin matches, buh she withdraw from a match against Dementieva, dey cite a stomach muscle injury. She end 2008 ranked No.2 den plus four singles titles, ein strongest performance insyd both respects since 2003. Williams begin 2009 at de Medibank International, wey she loose insyd de semifinals to Dementieva. At de Australian Open, she claim ein tenth Grand Slam singles title by she defeat Safina. Dis win restore ein No.1 ranking wey e make am de all-time career prize money leader insyd women's sports, a title previously wey golfer Annika Sörenstam hold.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 29, 2009|title=Serena ousts Annika|url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/serena-ousts-annika_sto1827447/story.shtml|website=Eurosport|access-date=August 20, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216082427/https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/serena-ousts-annika_sto1827447/story.shtml|archive-date=December 16, 2024}}</ref> Serena den Venus sanso win de doubles event at de Australian Open for de third time.<ref>{{cite news|title=Epic win puts Nadal in final; Williams sisters win doubles title|newspaper=Arizona Republic|date=January 31, 2009|page=32}}</ref> At de Open GdF Suez, Williams withdraw before ein semifinal match against Dementieva secof a knee injury.<ref>{{cite news|title=Knee injury forces Serena out in Paris|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/02/14/tennis.mauresmo/|work=CNN|date=February 14, 2009}}</ref> She then play insyd Dubai, wey she loose to Venus insyd de semifinals.<ref>{{cite news|title=WTA Barclays Dubai TennisChampionships|newspaper=The Ottawa Citizen|date=February 21, 2009|page=24}}</ref> [[File:Serena_Williams_Australian_Open_2009_5.jpg|thumb|Australian Open, 2009]] Na Williams be beset by ankle den quadriceps injuries at de Sony Ericsson Open, wey na dem upset am insyd de final by Victoria Azarenka. Na dis be de first of four consecutive losses give Williams, de longest losing streak of ein career.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tandon|first=Kamakshi|date=May 13, 2009|title=Serena's protests lack teeth|url=https://www.espn.com/sports/tennis/columns/story?columnist=tandon_kamakshi&id=4161689|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519093949/http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/columns/story?columnist=tandon_kamakshi%26id=4161689|archive-date=May 19, 2009|access-date=May 19, 2009|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> After Ericsson, na dem defeat am insyd ein opening matches insyd Barcelona, Rome, den Madrid. At de French Open, she loose insyd de quarterfinals to de eventual champion Kuznetsova. Na dis end ein 18-match winning streak at Grand Slam tournaments. She rebound at Wimbledon, wey she prevail over Dementieva insyd de semifinals den Venus insyd de finals. Na de victory be ein third Wimbledon title den ein 11th Grand Slam singles title.<ref>{{cite news|last=Newbery|first=Piers|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8134542.stm|title=Serena shocked to stay number two|work=BBC Sport|date=July 4, 2009|access-date=January 27, 2011|archive-date=July 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721082201/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8134542.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> For de second consecutive year, na Serena den Venus claim de Wimbledon doubles title, wich na be dema ninth Grand Slam title insyd doubles.<ref>{{cite news|title=At a glance: Women's doubles|newspaper=Bristol Herald Courier|date=July 5, 2009|page=33}}</ref> Ahead of de US Open, Williams suffer a third-round defeat insyd Cincinnati den a semifinal defeat at de Rogers Cup. At de Open, na dem give am a racket abuse warning after she loose de first set of ein semifinal match against Clijsters. Later insyd de match, na dem bell one of ein serves a foot fault.<ref name="saga"/> Na Williams yell profanities at de lineswoman wey make se call, wey na she threaten to shove a tennis ball down ein throat.<ref name="tirade">{{cite news|last=Donegan|first=Lawrence|date=September 14, 2009|title=Serena Williams is fined $10,500 for US Open line judge tirade|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/sep/13/serena-williams-tirade-us-open|access-date=June 5, 2010|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Na dem penalize Williams a point for unsportsmanlike conduct, wich na e result in Clijsters win de match.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 13, 2009|title=Clijsters wins after controversial ending|url=https://www.espn.com/sports/tennis/usopen09/news/story?id=4468762|access-date=March 17, 2024|website=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> De day wey dey follow, na dem issue Williams a fine of $10,500. After further investigation, na de Grand Slam Committee fine am $175,000 in place of suspending am from de 2010 US Open anaa oda Grand Slams.<ref name="Hefty">{{cite news|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|date=November 30, 2009|title=Serena Williams Given Hefty Fine but No Suspension for Tirade|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/01/sports/tennis/01serena.html|access-date=November 30, 2009|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Dem sanso place am on a two-year probation, wich mean say if she commit anoda offense at a Grand Slam during de next two years, she go be suspended from de US Open wey dey follow. If, however, she commit no offenses, dem go reduce ein fine to $82,500. Although na Williams initially no express regret for ein outburst, she eventually apologize, dey say na she be humbled by de experience.<ref>{{cite news|date=September 15, 2009|title=Serena Williams tries to move on from uproar over outburst|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/09/15/serena.williams.outburst/index.html|access-date=September 15, 2009|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=September 14, 2009|title=Serena Williams apologizes for outburst toward line judge during U.S. Open semifinal|url=https://www.espn.com/sports/tennis/usopen09/news/story?id=4472638|access-date=August 18, 2015|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Williams continue insyd de US Open doubles competition, wey she team up plus Venus to capture dema third Grand Slam doubles title of de year, den de tenth of dema career. Williams win all three of ein round-robin matches at de year-end WTA Tour Championships, wey she defeat Venus, Dementieva, den Kuznetsova. She advance go de final after Caroline Wozniacki retire from dema semifinal match. Insyd de final, Williams defeat ein sisto to claim ein second singles title at dis event.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8336793.stm|title=Serena ends Venus reign in Doha|date=November 1, 2009|work=BBC Sport|access-date=May 30, 2017|archive-date=April 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405083123/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8336793.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams fini de year ranked No.1 for de second time insyd ein career. She play insyd 16 tournaments insyd 2009, more dan any oda year. Plus $6,545,586 in prize-money earnings, she break de record previously set by Justine Henin for most prize money earn by a female tennis player insyd one year. Insyd doubles, na de Williams sistos fini 2009 at No.2, despite dem play six tournaments per togeda. Williams now get a total of 23 Grand Slam titles, wey na dem consequently name am Female Athlete of de Year by de Associated Press.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 22, 2009|title=Williams wins AP's Female Athlete of the Year award|url=http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2009/12/williams-wins-aps-female-athlete-of-the-year-award/19661/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829163012/http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2009/12/williams-wins-aps-female-athlete-of-the-year-award/19661/|archive-date=August 29, 2013|access-date=December 24, 2009|website=tennis.com}}</ref> Na she sanso be de International Tennis Federation World Champion insyd both singles den doubles.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 23, 2009|title=Serena ITF World Champion|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/serena-itf-world-champion-20091223_2256076_1912973|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904024154/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/serena-itf-world-champion-20091223_2256076_1912973|archive-date=September 4, 2013|access-date=December 24, 2009|publisher=Women's Tennis Association (WTA)}}</ref> [[File:Melbourne_Australian_Open_2010_Serena_Serve.jpg|left|thumb|Australian Open, 2010]] Insyd 2010, na Williams ein first tournament be insyd Sydney, wer she loose insyd de final to Dementieva. At de Australian Open, na Williams be de defending champion insyd both singles den doubles. She reach de final wey she defeat Justine Henin, wey recently cam out of retirement, for ein twelfth Grand Slam singles title. Insyd doubles, Williams den ein sisto successfully defend dema title by defeating Cara Black den Liezel Huber insyd de final.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-01-29|title=Australian Open 2010: Venus and Serena Williams claim fourth doubles title|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/australianopen/7099660/Australian-Open-2010-Venus-and-Serena-Williams-claim-fourth-doubles-title.html|access-date=2024-05-27|website=The Telegraph|language=en}}</ref> Williams sit out chaw events plus a leg injury,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Fialkov|first=Harvey|date=2010-03-23|title=Who Can Fill Serena's Shoes?|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/south-florida-sun-sentinel-who-can-fill/148781540/|access-date=2024-06-05|work=Sun Sentinel|pages=2C}}</ref> buh na she return for de Rome Masters, wer na Janković defeat am insyd de semifinals. At Madrid, she fall to Nadia Petrova insyd de third round, buh she partner plus Venus to win de doubles title.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2010-05-12|title=Serena Williams loses to Nadia Petrova in Madrid Open|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8679103.stm|access-date=2024-05-27|work=BBC|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=17 May 2010|title=Williams sisters beats hottest doubles team Dulko/Pennetta to claim Madrid Open doubles title|url=http://www.pubsub.com/Williams-sisters-beats-hottest-doubles-team-Dulko-Pennetta-to-claim-Madrid-Open-doubles-title_Tennis-madrid-title-kmG2XbpqPIN,kGZXuuSZzI9E|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411163232/http://www.pubsub.com/Williams-sisters-beats-hottest-doubles-team-Dulko-Pennetta-to-claim-Madrid-Open-doubles-title_Tennis-madrid-title-kmG2XbpqPIN,kGZXuuSZzI9E|archive-date=11 April 2013|work=WTA Tour}}</ref> At de French Open, na Williams be bested by Samantha Stosur insyd de quarterfinals. Na she den Venus win de doubles event, wey dem achieve dema fourth consecutive Grand Slam doubles title wey dem improve dema doubles ranking to No.1.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2010-06-04|title=Williams sisters win French doubles title|url=https://www.espn.com/sports/tennis/french10/news/story?id=5251333|access-date=2024-05-27|website=ESPN.com|language=en|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Na Williams ein next tournament be Wimbledon, wer na she no lose a single set, defeating Zvonareva insyd de final.<ref name="NYTIMESW10">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/04/sports/tennis/04wimbledon.html|title=A Booming Serena Williams Keeps Title|last=Bishop|first=Greg|date=July 3, 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=July 5, 2010|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406104507/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/04/sports/tennis/04wimbledon.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TennisSW10">{{cite news|url=http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2010/07/serena-routs-zvonareva-for-fourth-wimbledon-title/23255/|title=Serena routs Zvonareva for fourth Wimbledon title|agency=Associated Press|date=July 3, 2010|work=Tennis Magazine|access-date=July 5, 2010|archive-date=May 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530222657/http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2010/07/serena-routs-zvonareva-for-fourth-wimbledon-title/23255/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/jul/3/serena-williams-beats-vera-zvonareva-win-wimbledon/?page=all|title=Serena Williams beats Zvonareva to win Wimbledon|last=Wilson|first=Stephen|agency=Associated Press|date=July 3, 2010|work=The Washington Times|access-date=July 5, 2010|archive-date=February 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204045725/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/jul/3/serena-williams-beats-vera-zvonareva-win-wimbledon/?page=all|url-status=live}}</ref> After de match, na Navratilova say Williams dey among de top five female tennis players insyd history. She assert say if one be a great player "no be just about how many Slams you win ... e be just your game overall ... she get all de goods." De Williams sistos loose insyd de doubles quarterfinals to Elena Vesnina den Zvonareva. Insyd Munich on July 7, Williams step on broken glass while insyd a restaurant, wey de injury cause am make she miss de rest of de year.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mitchell|first=Kevin|date=September 2, 2010|title=Serena Williams reveals details of her serious foot injury|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/sep/03/serena-williams-silence-tendon-injury|access-date=October 5, 2023|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=August 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808201732/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/sep/03/serena-williams-silence-tendon-injury|url-status=live}}</ref> She fini 2010 ranked No.4 insyd singles den No.11 insyd doubles.On March 2, 2011, she confirm say na she suffer a hematoma den a pulmonary embolism.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/gameon/post/2011/03/serena-williams-has-emergency-health-treatement/1|title=Tennis star Serena Williams home after treatment for blood clot|last=Cherner|first=Reid|date=March 2, 2011|work=USA Today|access-date=March 2, 2011|archive-date=March 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305094815/http://content.usatoday.com/communities/gameon/post/2011/03/serena-williams-has-emergency-health-treatement/1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2011/03/serena-williams-undergoes-emergency-treatment-for-pulmonary-embolism/|title=Serena Williams undergoes emergency treatment for pulmonary embolism|last=Berman|first=Michele|work=Celebrity Diagnosis|date=March 2, 2011|access-date=January 5, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102132822/http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2011/03/serena-williams-undergoes-emergency-treatment-for-pulmonary-embolism/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2011/03/serena-williams-gives-more-details-about-recent-health-scare/|last=Berman|first=Michele|title=Serena Williams gives more details about recent health scare|work=Celebrity Diagnosis|date=March 9, 2011|access-date=January 5, 2012|archive-date=March 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314203556/http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2011/03/serena-williams-gives-more-details-about-recent-health-scare/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === 2011–2013: Return to dominance, Career Golden Slam === [[File:Serena_Williams_wins_Gold_cropped.jpg|thumb|Williams win de singles gold medal at de 2012 Olympic Games.]] Williams make ein first appearance on de WTA tour insyd almost a year insyd Eastbourne, wer na she loose insyd round two to Zvonareva.<ref>{{cite news|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|date=June 6, 2011|title=Serena Williams Plans to Play at Wimbledon|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/07/sports/tennis/serena-williams-plans-to-play-at-wimbledon.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610155446/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/07/sports/tennis/serena-williams-plans-to-play-at-wimbledon.html?|archive-date=June 10, 2011|access-date=June 6, 2011|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/tennis/06/15/tennis.eastbourne.zvonareva.serena/index.html|title=Serena comeback ended by Zvonareva|date=June 15, 2011|publisher=CNN|access-date=April 3, 2013|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406102748/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/tennis/06/15/tennis.eastbourne.zvonareva.serena/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Insyd June, she attempt to defend ein title at Wimbledon, buh na dem eliminate am insyd de round of 16, wich drop ein ranking to No.169. Later insyd de summer, she win titles insyd both Stanford den Toronto. Williams play de Western & Southern Open, buh she withdraw secof injury. She reach de final at de US Open, wer she face Stosur. During de match, Williams cam vex plus umpire Eve Asderaki. She make gestures den unflattering comments towards am, wey dey include she call am "a hater".<ref name="saga"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Abad-Santos|first=Alexander|date=September 12, 2011|title=Serena Williams' Tirade Was Seven Years in the Making|url=http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2011/09/serena-williamss-tirade-was-seven-years-making/42357/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601230234/http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2011/09/serena-williamss-tirade-was-seven-years-making/42357/|archive-date=June 1, 2013|access-date=June 15, 2013|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Williams eventually loose de match, den then decline make she offer Asderaki de customary handshake.<ref>{{cite news|date=September 11, 2011|title=Serena Williams Upset By Samantha Stosur 6–2, 6–3 In US Open Final|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/11/serena-williams-upset-samantha-stosur-us-open-final_n_957662.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030014958/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/11/serena-williams-upset-samantha-stosur-us-open-final_n_957662.html|archive-date=October 30, 2011|access-date=September 11, 2011|work=HuffPost}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Chase|first=Chris|date=September 11, 2011|title=She did it again: Serena Williams blows up in U.S. Open loss|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/tennis/blog/busted_racquet/post/serena-williams-blows-up-again-in-u-s-open-loss?urn=ten,wp3253|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204050527/http://sports.yahoo.com/tennis/blog/busted_racquet/post/serena-williams-blows-up-again-in-u-s-open-loss?urn=ten%2Cwp3253|archive-date=February 4, 2015|access-date=September 11, 2011|publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Fendrich|first=Howard|date=September 11, 2011|title=Stosur stops Williams in controversial final|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/sports/stosur-stops-williams-in-controversial-final|access-date=July 12, 2015|work=National Post}}</ref> A writer give ESPN suggest say na Williams no violate de terms of ein probation (on wich na dem place am dey follow ein 2009 outburst), since she na she no use profanity wen she address de umpire.<ref>{{cite news|last=Garber|first=Greg|date=September 11, 2011|title=Serena Williams loses cool, then match|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/usopen11/story/_/id/6958687/us-open-serena-williams-loses-cool-match|access-date=September 11, 2011|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> In de end, na dem fine Williams $2,000, buh na dem no bar am from competing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Serena Williams fined for final outburst|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/tennis/09/12/tennis.serena.williams.fined/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913090713/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/tennis/09/12/tennis.serena.williams.fined/index.html|archive-date=September 13, 2011|access-date=April 2, 2023|website=CNN}}</ref> Na de US Open be Williams ein final event of 2011, wey na she end de year ranked No.12, plus two titles den a 22–3 record for de season. She play insyd six tournaments per during de season. Williams start de 2012 season at de Brisbane International. During ein match against Bojana Jovanovski, she injure ein left ankle, wey na e force am to withdraw from de tournament.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.brisbaneinternational.com.au/2012/01/serena-withdraws-from-brisbane-international|title=Serena withdraws from Brisbane International|work=Brisbane International|date=January 4, 2012|access-date=July 10, 2012|archive-date=June 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610200138/http://www.brisbaneinternational.com.au/2012/01/serena-withdraws-from-brisbane-international|url-status=live}}</ref> Next she participate insyd de Australian Open, wer na Ekaterina Makarova upset am insyd de fourth round. After a month layoff, Williams return to competition insyd Miami, wey she loose insyd de quarterfinals. She then win consecutive titles insyd Charleston den Madrid, buh na she withdraw from ein semifinal match insyd Rome secof a lower back injury. At de French Open, Williams suffer ein first ever loss insyd de opening round of a Grand Slam. She notch up a 33–1 record for de second half of de season, wey she win five titles insyd de process.<ref name="BBC 2012">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/20117316|title=Serena Williams beats Sharapova in WTA Championships final|date=October 28, 2012|access-date=May 30, 2017|work=BBC Sport|archive-date=September 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917230857/https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/20117316|url-status=live}}</ref> She capture ein fifth Wimbledon singles title (ein 14th Grand Slam victory), wey she cam be de first female player make she serve 24 aces insyd a match. She sanso set a record for de most aces insyd a tournament by any player—male anaa female—plus a total of 102.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hegde|first=Prajwal|date=July 8, 2012|title=Serena Williams beats Radwanska to clinch fifth Wimbledon title|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/wimbledon-2012/top-stories/Serena-Williams-beats-Radwanska-to-clinch-fifth-Wimbledon-title/articleshow/14738318.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429224632/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/wimbledon-2012/top-stories/Serena-Williams-beats-Radwanska-to-clinch-fifth-Wimbledon-title/articleshow/14738318.cms|archive-date=April 29, 2018|access-date=July 8, 2012|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=July 7, 2012|title=Wimbledon 2012 – Serena Williams stretched to three sets, wins 5th title|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/wimbledon12/story/_/id/8138336/wimbledon-2012-serena-williams-stretched-three-sets-wins-5th-title|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714183059/http://espn.go.com/tennis/wimbledon12/story/_/id/8138336/wimbledon-2012-serena-williams-stretched-three-sets-wins-5th-title|archive-date=July 14, 2012|access-date=July 16, 2012|publisher=ESPN|agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/158997.html|title=Serena books latest Wimbledon final appearance|publisher=ESPN|date=July 5, 2012|access-date=April 28, 2017|archive-date=February 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204031925/http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/158997.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams den ein sisto sanso capture dema fifth trophy insyd Wimbledon doubles.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bondy|first=Filip|date=July 8, 2012|title=Bondy: Williams sisters are kin-do at Wimby|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2012-07-08/news/32591733_1_venus-williams-serena-and-venus-williams-sisters|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028220418/http://articles.nydailynews.com/2012-07-08/news/32591733_1_venus-williams-serena-and-venus-williams-sisters|archive-date=October 28, 2012|access-date=August 4, 2012|work=Daily News|location=New York}}</ref> Williams return to America to successfully defend ein Stanford title, wey she overcome CoCo Vandeweghe insyd de final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/story/2012-07-15/serena-williams-wins-back-of-the-west-classic/56240708/1|title=Serena Williams wins at Stanford in final Olympic tuneup|date=July 20, 2012|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=USA Today|access-date=June 20, 2013|archive-date=December 24, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110710/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/story/2012-07-15/serena-williams-wins-back-of-the-west-classic/56240708/1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="huffingtonpost.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/04/serena-williams-gold-medal-olympics-sharapova_n_1741297.html|title=Serena Williams Wins Gold Medal In Olympic Singles Tennis, Beats Maria Sharapova In Final|last=Wine|first=Steven|agency=Associated Press|date=August 4, 2012|work=HuffPost|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917023255/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/04/serena-williams-gold-medal-olympics-sharapova_n_1741297.html|archive-date=September 17, 2012}}</ref> At de Olympics, she win gold by defeating Sharapova insyd a dominating performance. She den Venus sanso win a second consecutive Olympic doubles title. Insyd New York, Williams claim ein fourth US Open singles title, wich na e be ein 15th career Grand Slam singles title.<ref name="BBC 2012">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/20117316|title=Serena Williams beats Sharapova in WTA Championships final|date=October 28, 2012|access-date=May 30, 2017|work=BBC Sport|archive-date=September 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917230857/https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/20117316|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/tennis/news/20120909/serena-williams-wins-us-open-victoria-azarenka/|title=Serena tops Azarenka for fourth U.S. Open championship|agency=Associated Press|date=September 9, 2012|access-date=September 10, 2012|archive-date=September 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911040351/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/tennis/news/20120909/serena-williams-wins-us-open-victoria-azarenka/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She end de season by she go undefeated at de WTA Championships wey she win de event for de third time. Na dem name am ITF World Champion, wey na dem vote am WTA Player of de Year for de fourth time.<ref>{{cite news|title=Serena Williams wins WTA Tour Player of the Year award|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/20540525|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102180534/https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/20540525|archive-date=January 2, 2019|access-date=November 29, 2012|work=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=December 11, 2012|title=Novak Djokovic, Serena Williams crowned ITF world champions|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/Novak-Djokovic-Serena-Williams-crowned-ITF-world-champions/articleshow/17572209.cms?|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121212040808/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/Novak-Djokovic-Serena-Williams-crowned-ITF-world-champions/articleshow/17572209.cms|archive-date=December 12, 2012|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="CBS-Olympic">{{cite news|date=August 5, 2012|title=Venus and Serena Williams win Olympic gold|publisher=CBS News|agency=Associated Press|location=London, England|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/venus-and-serena-williams-win-olympic-gold/|access-date=April 24, 2017|archive-date=November 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116074656/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/venus-and-serena-williams-win-olympic-gold/|url-status=live}}</ref> Na Williams ein first tournament of de 2013 season be insyd Brisbane, wer na she win de title widout dropping a set. At de Australian Open, na dem upset am insyd de quarterfinals by fellow American Sloane Stephens. After she defeat Petra Kvitová insyd Doha, Williams return to No.1 for de sixth time insyd ein career, wey she cam be de oldest woman insyd de Open Era to hold de ranking.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3077758/title/serena-to-return-to-no1-for-sixth-time|title=Serena To Return To No. 1 For Sixth Time|date=February 15, 2013|publisher=WTA|access-date=April 25, 2017|archive-date=April 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421071222/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3077758/title/serena-to-return-to-no1-for-sixth-time|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd de Miami final, Williams record ein 70th come-from-behind win. Na de victory make Williams a six-time champion insyd Miami, breaking de record na she hold plus Graf. She sanso cam be de fourth woman insyd de Open Era make she win a given tournament six times.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3126967/title/serena-conquers-sharapova-miami|title=Serena Conquers Sharapova & Miami|access-date=April 25, 2017|date=March 30, 2013|publisher=Women's Tennis Association (WTA)|archive-date=April 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412005853/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3126967/title/serena-conquers-sharapova-miami|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams then defend ein Charleston title, wey she win de event for de third time.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3136277/title/serena-wins-49th-wta-title-in-charleston|title=Serena Wins 49th WTA Title In Charleston|date=April 6, 2013|access-date=April 25, 2017|publisher=WTA|archive-date=October 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008125252/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3136277/title/serena-wins-49th-wta-title-in-charleston|url-status=live}}</ref> She win ein 50th career singles title insyd Madrid, wey she prevail over Sharapova insyd de final. She then play insyd Rome, wer na she win de title a second time. At de French Open, na Williams loose one game per whilst she defeat Sara Errani insyd de semifinal. Evert say na Williams ein play during de match be de finest performance wey she ever see by a female player on clay.<ref>{{cite web|last=Caple|first=Jim|date=June 7, 2013|title=New Heights For Serena Williams|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/news-commentary/story/_/id/9352085/2013-french-open-serena-williams-looks-better-ever-heading-final-maria-sharapova|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610152520/http://espn.go.com/espnw/news-commentary/article/9352085/2013-french-open-serena-williams-looks-better-ever-heading-final-maria-sharapova|archive-date=June 10, 2013|access-date=June 7, 2013|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Williams best Sharapova insyd de final to claim ein second French Open title den ein 16th Grand Slam title overall. She sanso cam be de fourth woman insyd de Open Era make she win each Grand Slam tournament at least twice. At Wimbledon, she advance easily go de fourth round before dem defeat am by eventual finalist Sabine Lisicki. Williams then win de Swedish Open, ein first victory at de International level. Na she be undefeated on clay during de season.<ref>{{cite news|title=Serena Wins 53rd WTA Title in Bastad|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3323512/title/serena-wins-53rd-wta-title-in-bastad|publisher=WTA|access-date=July 21, 2013|date=July 20, 2013|archive-date=July 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723102117/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3323512/title/serena-wins-53rd-wta-title-in-bastad|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Serena_Williams_serves_at_the_US_Open_(9665931630).jpg|left|thumb|Williams win ein fifth US Open title]] Williams win ein third Rogers Cup title insyd Toronto, wey she beat Sorana Cîrstea insyd de final.<ref>{{cite news|title=Serena Williams wins Rogers Cup women's title|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/tennis/serena-williams-wins-rogers-cup-women-s-title-1.1408357|publisher=CBC News|access-date=August 11, 2013|date=August 11, 2013|archive-date=August 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814034013/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/tennis/story/2013/08/11/sp-wta-tennis-rogers-cup-final.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She reach de final of de Western & Southern Open for de first time, buh she loose to Azarenka.<ref>{{cite news|first=Steve|last=Keating|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/azarenka-beat-williams-cincinnati-title-231248255.html|title=Azarenka beats Williams for Cincinnati title|publisher=Yahoo!|date=August 18, 2013|access-date=September 9, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823010432/http://sports.yahoo.com/news/azarenka-beat-williams-cincinnati-title-231248255.html|archive-date=August 23, 2013}}</ref> At de US Open, Williams begin as top seed den defending champion. She reach de final wey she defeat Azarenka insyd three sets, wey she capture ein 17th Grand Slam singles title wey e push ein career prize winnings past $50{{nbsp}}million.<ref name="usopen">{{cite web|last=Mitchell|first=Kevin|date=September 9, 2013|title=Serena Williams crowns 14-year reign with fifth US Open title|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/sep/09/serena-williams-victoria-azarenka-us-open-final1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909052136/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/sep/09/serena-williams-victoria-azarenka-us-open-final1|archive-date=September 9, 2013|access-date=September 9, 2013|website=The Guardian}}</ref> At 31, she cam be de oldest US Open champion insyd de Open Era. After de US Open, Williams beat Janković to win de China Open, wich na e be ein 10th title of 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Serena Williams beats Jelena Jankovic to win China Open|work=BBC Sport|date=October 6, 2013|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/24420636|access-date=April 20, 2017|archive-date=April 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417091119/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/24420636|url-status=live}}</ref> Na she go undefeated at de WTA Championships, triumphing over Li Na insyd de final wey she cam be de first person to defend de title since Henin insyd 2007. She sanso cam be de oldest player make she win de WTA Championships, de fourth player to win am four times anaa more, den de first female player make she win more dan $10{{nbsp}}million insyd a season (na ein total for 2013 be $12.4 million). Na Rafael Nadal (insyd 2013), den Novak Djokovic (insyd 2011, 2012 den 2013) per earn more money insyd one season. Williams fini as de year-end No.1 for de third time, wey she cam be de oldest No.1 player insyd WTA history.<ref>{{cite news|date=October 27, 2013|title=Serena Williams rallies in WTA final|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/9888972/serena-williams-forced-rally-vs-li-na-final-wta-championships|location=Istanbul, Turkey|publisher=ESPN|agency=Associated Press|access-date=April 24, 2017|archive-date=April 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421000223/http://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/9888972/serena-williams-forced-rally-vs-li-na-final-wta-championships|url-status=live}}</ref> Na dem name am de ITF World Champion for de fourth time. She receive two prizes at de 2013 ESPY Awards: Best Female Athlete den Best Female Tennis Player, de latter of wich na she win for a record sixth time.<ref>{{cite news|title=Serena Wins Best Female Athlete ESPY|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3282995/title/serena-wins-best-female-athlete-espy|website=WTA|access-date=July 19, 2013|date=July 18, 2013|archive-date=July 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721180809/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3282995/title/serena-wins-best-female-athlete-espy|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd December, Williams receive de Associated Press Female Athlete of de Year award for de third time. Na Evert den Babe Didrikson per wey dem choose more often as Athlete of de Year since na dem first hand out de awards insyd 1931.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fendrich|first=Howard|date=December 25, 2013|title=Serena Williams Wins 3rd AP Athlete Of Year Award|url=http://dailydigest.com/18803/serena-williams-wins-3rd-ap-athlete-of-year-award/|website=DailyDigest|agency=Associated Press|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228220845/http://dailydigest.com/18803/serena-williams-wins-3rd-ap-athlete-of-year-award/|archive-date=December 28, 2013}}</ref> === 2014–2015: Second "Serena Slam" === Williams defend ein title at de Brisbane International by she defeat No.2 Azarenka insyd de final.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 4, 2014|title=Serena Williams beats Victoria Azarenka 6–4, 7–5 to win Brisbane International title|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/10550797/Serena-Williams-beats-Victoria-Azarenka-6-4-7-5-to-win-Brisbane-International-title.html|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/10550797/Serena-Williams-beats-Victoria-Azarenka-6-4-7-5-to-win-Brisbane-International-title.html|archive-date=January 10, 2022|access-date=March 16, 2015|website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> At de Australian Open, she fall insyd de fourth round to Ana Ivanovic. Insyd Dubai, Williams loose ein semifinal match to Alizé Cornet insyd straight sets. Williams then play insyd de Miami Open, wer na she win ein record seventh title plus a straight-sets victory over No.2 Li Na.<ref>{{cite web|title=Serena Williams vs Li Na Final Miami 2014 Highlights|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lMQzynsGhVg|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611135911/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lMQzynsGhVg|archive-date=June 11, 2020|access-date=March 16, 2015|via=YouTube}}</ref> At de Family Circle Cup, she loose to Jana Čepelová insyd de second round. She make am to de quarterfinals at de Madrid Open before she withdraw plus a thigh injury. Insyd Rome, Williams win ein third title of de season. She suffer de worst loss of ein Grand Slam career insyd de second round of de French Open wen na Garbiñe Muguruza defeat am while losing just four games insyd two sets.<ref>{{cite web|date=May 28, 2014|title=Serena Williams's shocking loss is the worst of her legendary career|url=http://ftw.usatoday.com/2014/05/serena-williams-french-open-loss-worst|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151723/http://ftw.usatoday.com/2014/05/serena-williams-french-open-loss-worst|archive-date=May 28, 2014|access-date=March 16, 2015|work=USA Today}}</ref> Cornet defeat Williams insyd de third round of Wimbledon, wey she hande Williams ein earliest Wimbledon elimination since 2005. During de doubles event plus Venus, Serena hit four consecutive doubles faults. She appear disoriented den unsteady on ein feet, wey she withdraw from de tournament. Na de official cause of withdrawal be "viral illness".<ref>{{cite web|date=July 2, 2014|title=Navratilova on Serena: 'It's not right'|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/news-commentary/story/_/id/11168116/espnw-martina-navratilova-critical-serena-williams-wimbledon-exit|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402180030/http://espn.go.com/espnw/news-commentary/article/11168116/espnw-martina-navratilova-critical-serena-williams-wimbledon-exit|archive-date=April 2, 2015|access-date=March 16, 2015|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Williams rebound by she win 19 out of ein next 20 matches (wey she loose only to Venus insyd de semifinals of de Rogers Cup). De streak include titles at de Bank of the West Classic den de Western & Southern Open, den ein third consecutive den sixth overall US Open singles title.<ref>{{cite web|date=September 7, 2014|title=Serena Williams wins 18th Slam|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/usopen14/story/_/id/11484243/2014-us-open-serena-williams-beats-caroline-wozniacki-win-3rd-straight|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318175210/http://espn.go.com/tennis/usopen14/story/_/id/11484243/2014-us-open-serena-williams-beats-caroline-wozniacki-win-3rd-straight|archive-date=March 18, 2015|access-date=March 16, 2015|publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mitchell|first=Kevin|date=September 8, 2014|title=US Open: Serena Williams powers past Caroline Wozniacki for sixth title|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/sep/07/serena-williams-caroline-wozniacki-us-open-2014-sixth-title|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529204209/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/sep/07/serena-williams-caroline-wozniacki-us-open-2014-sixth-title|archive-date=May 29, 2015|access-date=March 16, 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Plus dis victory, Williams tie Evert for most US Open singles titles wey a woman win insyd de Open Era. Williams sanso tie Evert den Navratilova dema record of 18 career Grand Slam singles titles dem win insyd de Open Era. By virtue of winning both de US Open den de US Open Series, Williams collect $4 million—de biggest payday insyd tennis history. At de 2014 WTA Finals insyd Singapore, Williams advance go de final for de third consecutive year despite she equal ein career-worst loss insyd ein second round robin match against Simona Halep.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/halep-routs-serena-williams-wta-finals-092843864.html|title=Halep routs Serena Williams at WTA Finals|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=October 22, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305025929/http://news.yahoo.com/halep-routs-serena-williams-wta-finals-092843864.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> She claim de WTA Finals title, wich na e be ein seventh title of de year, wey she fini de year ranked No.1 for de fourth time insyd ein career.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rotherberg|first=Ben|date=October 26, 2014|title=Serena Williams Punishes Simona Halep for Earlier Defeat at WTA Finals|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/27/sports/tennis/serena-williams-punishes-simona-halep-for-earlier-defeat.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528175810/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/27/sports/tennis/serena-williams-punishes-simona-halep-for-earlier-defeat.html|archive-date=May 28, 2019|access-date=March 16, 2015|work=The New York Times}}</ref> She hold de top ranking for de entire calendar year, a feat dem no accomplish since Graf achieve am insyd 1996. Na dem vote Williams WTA Player of de Year den ITF World Champion for a third consecutive year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tandon|first=Kamakshi|date=2014-12-09|title=WTA Player of the Year: Serena Williams|url=https://www.espn.com/blog/espntennis/post/_/id/1445/wta-player-of-the-year-serena-williams|access-date=2024-05-28|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-12-18|title=Novak Djokovic, Serena Williams named 2014 ITF world champions|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-12-19/williams-and-djokovic-top-itf-awards/5978036|access-date=2024-05-28|work=ABC News|language=en-AU}}</ref> Williams begin de 2015 season by reaching de final of de Hopman Cup, wer she den ein partner John Isner loose to Poland.<ref>{{cite web|date=February 22, 2015|title=Poland defeat United States to lift Hopman Cup for first time|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/388281.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222142632/http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/388281.html|archive-date=February 22, 2015|access-date=April 20, 2017|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> At de Australian Open, Williams defeat Sharapova for de 16th consecutive time to claim ein sixth Australian Open singles title den 19th career Grand Slam singles title.<ref>{{cite news|title=Serena Williams Wins Australian Open With Coughs, Guts and Aces|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/01/sports/tennis/serena-williams-beats-maria-sharapova-in-australian-open-final.html|work=The New York Times|date=January 31, 2015|access-date=March 16, 2015|last1=Clarey|first1=Christopher|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406131038/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/01/sports/tennis/serena-williams-beats-maria-sharapova-in-australian-open-final.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Murrells|first=Katy|date=January 31, 2015|title=Serena Williams beats Maria Sharapova to win Australian Open – as it happened|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2015/jan/31/serena-williams-v-maria-sharapova-australian-open-womens-final-live|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831125222/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2015/jan/31/serena-williams-v-maria-sharapova-australian-open-womens-final-live|archive-date=August 31, 2017|access-date=February 26, 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=January 31, 2015|title=How Serena Williams won the shouting match and more in Australia|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/news-commentary/story/_/id/12257852/how-serena-williams-won-shouting-match-more-australia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215054432/http://espn.go.com/espnw/news-commentary/article/12257852/how-serena-williams-won-shouting-match-more-australia|archive-date=February 15, 2015|access-date=February 26, 2015|publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Serena Williams wins Australian Open, 19th Grand Slam title in champion form|url=https://www.si.com/tennis/2015/01/31/serena-williams-beats-sharapova-wins-australian-open-title|magazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=February 22, 2015|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406055714/https://www.si.com/tennis/2015/01/31/serena-williams-beats-sharapova-wins-australian-open-title|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Australian Open 2015 Final – Serena Williams vs Maria Sharapova|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80ba6nJH1MQ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611143816/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80ba6nJH1MQ|archive-date=June 11, 2020|access-date=March 16, 2015|via=YouTube}}</ref> Plus dis victory, Williams surpass both Evert den Navratilova for de second most Grand Slam singles titles win insyd de Open Era. She be de player per insyd history to win all four Grand Slams at age 30 anaa older. Na she den Venus next travel to Buenos Aires to face Argentina insyd a World Group II tie insyd de Fed Cup. She play den win ein only match against María Irigoyen make she help de US team win against de Argentines.<ref>{{cite news|title=Williams sisters see U.S. through in Fed Cup promotion bid|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tennis-fed-argentina-idUSKBN0LC0XG20150208|work=Reuters|access-date=February 26, 2015|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406042536/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tennis-fed-argentina-idUSKBN0LC0XG20150208|url-status=live}}</ref> After a 14-year boycott of de Indian Wells Masters, Williams announce say she go be competing at de event.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-02-04|title=Serena wants to rewrite Indian Wells ending|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/12277217/serena-williams-wants-rewrite-indian-wells-ending|access-date=2025-08-19|website=ESPN.com|language=en}} </ref><ref name="NYT20150205">{{cite news|title=After a 14-Year Boycott, Serena Williams Plans to Play at Indian Wells|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/05/sports/tennis/serena-williams-will-play-indian-wells-ending-boycott.html|first=Christopher|last=Clarey|date=February 4, 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 13, 2015|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406195432/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/05/sports/tennis/serena-williams-will-play-indian-wells-ending-boycott.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Chase|first=Chris|date=February 4, 2015|title=Serena Williams ends Indian Wells boycott, 14 years after racist incident|url=http://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/02/serena-williams-end-indian-wells-boycott-14-years-after-racist-incident|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220053534/http://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/02/serena-williams-end-indian-wells-boycott-14-years-after-racist-incident|archive-date=February 20, 2015|access-date=February 27, 2015|work=USA Today}}</ref> Upon ein return, she receive a standing ovation from de crowd wey she win ein first match insyd straight sets.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 14, 2015|title=Serena Williams received standing ovation, fought tears and won while ending 14-year boycott at Indian Wells|url=http://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/03/serena-williams-return-indian-wells-score-2001-racism|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316085710/http://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/03/serena-williams-return-indian-wells-score-2001-racism|archive-date=March 16, 2015|access-date=March 16, 2015|work=USA Today}}</ref> She reach de semifinals, buh dem force am to withdraw secof a knee injury. Wen Williams defeat Lisicki insyd de quarterfinals of de Miami Open, she cam be de eighth woman insyd de Open Era to record 700 match wins insyd ein career.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Press Association|title=Serena Williams beats Sabine Lisicki in Miami to seal 700th career win|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/apr/02/serena-williams-sabine-lisicki-700th-career-win|website=The Guardian|date=April 2, 2015|access-date=April 4, 2015|archive-date=April 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403235817/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/apr/02/serena-williams-sabine-lisicki-700th-career-win|url-status=live}}</ref> Dis sanso make am one of three active players per wey win 700 anaa more matches insyd singles, de others be Nadal den Roger Federer.<ref>{{cite web|date=July 16, 2013|title=Tennis' Exclusive 700 Club|url=http://espn.go.com/espnw/news-commentary/slideshow/12597799/tennis-exclusive-700-club|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418011158/http://espn.go.com/espnw/news-commentary/slideshow/12597799/tennis-exclusive-700-club|archive-date=April 18, 2015|access-date=April 15, 2015|publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=April 1, 2015|title=Serena Outlasts Halep In Miami Classic|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/4610499/title/serena-outlasts-halep-in-miami-classic|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405023735/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/4610499/title/serena-outlasts-halep-in-miami-classic|archive-date=April 5, 2015|access-date=April 4, 2015|publisher=WTA}}</ref> Williams go on go win a record eighth title insyd Miami.<ref>{{cite web|date=April 4, 2015|title=Super Serena Wins Miami Title No. 8|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/4614412/title/super-serena-wins-miami-title-no8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405113054/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/4614412/title/super-serena-wins-miami-title-no8|archive-date=April 5, 2015|access-date=April 5, 2015|publisher=WTA}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=As Serena Williams Ascends, Grand Slam Buzz Grows|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/05/sports/tennis/as-serena-williams-ascends-grand-slam-buzz-grows.html|work=The New York Times|date=April 5, 2015|access-date=April 5, 2015|last1=Clarey|first1=Christopher|archive-date=April 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405211907/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/05/sports/tennis/as-serena-williams-ascends-grand-slam-buzz-grows.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Serena Williams wins eighth Miami Open|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/early-lead/wp/2015/04/04/serena-williams-wins-eighth-miami-open/|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=April 5, 2015|archive-date=April 13, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413194312/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/early-lead/wp/2015/04/04/serena-williams-wins-eighth-miami-open/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Serena_Williams_Won_Roland_Garros_in_2015.JPG|right|thumb|Williams dey celebrate ein third French Open title]] As preparation for de clay-court season (den make dem ensure ein eligibility for de 2016 Summer Olympics), Williams travel to Brindisi, Italy, wer na she compete plus dat country ein team for a place insyd de Fed Cup ein World Group. Williams den teammate Alison Riske loose de decisive doubles match to Errani den Flavia Pennetta, wich mean na dem relegate de United States to World Group II. Na ebe Williams ein first loss insyd de Fed Cup.<ref>{{cite web|date=April 19, 2015|title=Italy beats United States 3–2 in Fed Cup World Group playoff|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/12721344/italy-edges-united-states-serena-williams-fed-cup-playoff|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422013237/http://espn.go.com/tennis/story/_/id/12721344/italy-edges-united-states-serena-williams-fed-cup-playoff|archive-date=April 22, 2015|access-date=April 22, 2015|publisher=ESPN|place=Brindisi, Italy}}</ref> De week of April 20 mark Williams ein 114th consecutive week ranked No.1, de third-longest run insyd WTA history at de time, behind Graf ein 186 weeks den Navratilova ein 156. Insyd de semifinals of de Mutua Madrid Open, Williams suffer ein first defeat of de season, ending a 50-match winning streak at Premier-Mandatory events.<ref>{{cite web|date=May 8, 2015|title=Serena Williams' win streak, Madrid run come to an end|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/12845988/tennis-serena-williams-maria-sharapova-barely-put-fights-madrid-losses|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511054459/http://espn.go.com/tennis/story/_/id/12845988/tennis-serena-williams-maria-sharapova-barely-put-fights-madrid-losses|archive-date=May 11, 2015|access-date=May 9, 2015|publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=May 8, 2015|title=Serena Williams' perfect season ended|url=http://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/05/serena-williams-loss-madrid-petra-kvitova-win-grand-slam-french-open-rome|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511005656/http://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/05/serena-williams-loss-madrid-petra-kvitova-win-grand-slam-french-open-rome|archive-date=May 11, 2015|access-date=May 9, 2015|work=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=May 8, 2015|title=Kvitova Stuns Serena in Madrid|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/4701085/title/kvitova-stuns-serena-in-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510190131/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/4701085/title/kvitova-stuns-serena-in-madrid|archive-date=May 10, 2015|access-date=May 9, 2015|publisher=WTA}}</ref> She play one match at de 2015 Internazionali BNL d'Italia before she withdraw plus an elbow injury.<ref>{{cite news|title=Serena Williams pulls out of Italian Open with elbow injury|year=2015|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/32741356|work=BBC Sport|access-date=May 17, 2015|archive-date=November 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120200559/http://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/32741356|url-status=live}}</ref> At de 2015 French Open, Williams defeat Lucie Šafářová insyd three sets to claim de trophy den win ein third French Open den 20th Grand Slam singles title.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cambers|first=Simon|date=June 6, 2015|title=Serena Williams beats Lucie Safarova at French Open to win 20th grand slam|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/jun/06/serena-williams-safarova-french-open-20th-grand-slam-title|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615141140/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/jun/06/serena-williams-safarova-french-open-20th-grand-slam-title|archive-date=June 15, 2020|access-date=June 6, 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Serena Williams Wins French Open for Her 20th Grand Slam Title|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/sports/tennis/serena-williams-wins-french-open-for-her-20th-grand-slam-title.html|work=The New York Times|date=June 6, 2015|access-date=June 6, 2015|last1=Clarey|first1=Christopher|archive-date=August 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804044520/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/sports/tennis/serena-williams-wins-french-open-for-her-20th-grand-slam-title.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=June 6, 2015|title=Serena Williams wins French Open for 20th Grand Slam title|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/french15/story/_/id/13023322/serena-williams-wins-2015-french-open-20th-grand-slam-title|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606203900/http://espn.go.com/tennis/french15/story/_/id/13023322/serena-williams-wins-2015-french-open-20th-grand-slam-title|archive-date=June 6, 2015|access-date=June 6, 2015|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Na de accomplishment make Williams de third person per insyd history to win each Grand Slam at least three times, de odas be Court den Graf.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 5, 2015|title=Serena Battles To Milestone 20th Major|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/4773153/title/serena-battles-to-milestone-20th-major|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608002325/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/4773153/title/serena-battles-to-milestone-20th-major|archive-date=June 8, 2015|access-date=June 6, 2015|publisher=WTA}}</ref> At Wimbledon, Williams defeat three former No.1 players—Azarenka, Sharapova, den ein sisto Venus—to advance to de final.<ref>{{cite web|title=Incredible Record Against Top Players Adding to Serena Williams' Historic Run|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2518904-incredible-record-against-top-players-adding-to-serena-williams-historic-run|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711214747/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2518904-incredible-record-against-top-players-adding-to-serena-williams-historic-run|archive-date=July 11, 2015|access-date=July 12, 2015|website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Awaiting am be Muguruza, wey previously hand Williams de worst Grand Slam defeat of ein career.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Serena Williams shocked by Garbine Muguruza in French Open second round|url=https://www.si.com/tennis/beyond-baseline/2014/05/28/serena-williams-loses-to-garbine-muguruza-french-open-round-two|magazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=July 12, 2015|archive-date=July 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709220419/http://www.si.com/tennis/beyond-baseline/2014/05/28/serena-williams-loses-to-garbine-muguruza-french-open-round-two|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams best Muguruza den claim ein sixth Wimbledon singles title den 21st Grand Slam singles title overall. Plus dis triumph, she plete ein second "Serena Slam" (winning all four Grand Slams insyd a row, buh no be insyd de same calendar year).<ref>{{cite news|last=Perrotta|first=Tom|date=July 11, 2015|title=Serena Williams Wins Sixth Wimbledon Championship|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/serena-williams-wins-sixth-wimbledon-championship-1436626560|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405074150/https://www.wsj.com/articles/serena-williams-wins-sixth-wimbledon-championship-1436626560|archive-date=April 5, 2023|access-date=July 12, 2015|website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=July 11, 2015|title=Serena Williams Beats Garbiñe Muguruza In Straight Sets To Win Wimbledon|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/07/11/serena-williams-wimbledon_n_7775932.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712210644/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/07/11/serena-williams-wimbledon_n_7775932.html|archive-date=July 12, 2015|access-date=July 12, 2015|work=HuffPost}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Nguyen|first=Courtney|date=July 3, 2015|title=Serena avoids upset against Watson to set up clash with sister Venus|url=https://www.si.com/tennis/2015/07/03/wimbledon-2015-serena-williams-defeats-heather-watson|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406104510/https://www.si.com/tennis/2015/07/03/wimbledon-2015-serena-williams-defeats-heather-watson|archive-date=April 6, 2023|access-date=July 12, 2015|magazine=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> De Wimbledon victory make Williams de oldest woman insyd de Open Era to win a Grand Slam singles title.<ref>{{cite web|date=July 12, 2015|title=Serena Wins Wimbledon & Serena Slam 2|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/4856959/title/serena-wins-wimbledon-serena-slam-2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714044119/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/4856959/title/serena-wins-wimbledon-serena-slam-2|archive-date=July 14, 2015|access-date=July 12, 2015|website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Na e sanso be eighth consecutive victory insyd Grand Slam singles finals appearances, breaking Graf ein Open Era record of seven den dey tie Pete Sampras ein Open Era record of eight. De week of July 13 mark de first time insyd WTA history dat de No.1 player get more dan twice as many points as de No.2.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web|date=July 14, 2015|title=Historic Ranking Milestone For Serena|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/4863665/title/historic-ranking-milestone-for-serena|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717014149/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/4863665/title/historic-ranking-milestone-for-serena|archive-date=July 17, 2015|access-date=July 16, 2015|publisher=WTA}}</ref> Dey follow ein win at Wimbledon, na dem award Williams ein seventh ESPY for Best Female Tennis Player.<ref>{{cite web|date=July 16, 2015|title=ESPYS Awards Winners: The Complete List|url=http://www.thewrap.com/espy-awards-winners-2015-complete-list/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818074624/http://www.thewrap.com/espy-awards-winners-2015-complete-list/?|archive-date=August 18, 2015|access-date=August 18, 2015|website=TheWrap}}</ref> Na Williams be de defending champion at de Bank of the West Classic, buh she withdraw from de tournament make she recover from an elbow injury.<ref>{{cite web|title=World No. 1 Serena Williams withdraws from Bank of West with hurt elbow|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/tennis/2015/07/31/serena-williams-withdraws--bank--west--hurt-elbow/30955719/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406035639/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/tennis/2015/07/31/serena-williams-withdraws--bank--west--hurt-elbow/30955719/|archive-date=April 6, 2023|access-date=August 3, 2015|website=USA Today}}</ref> Insyd de semifinals of de Canadian Open, na Williams get a 19-match winning streak ended by 18-year-old Belinda Bencic.<ref>{{cite web|date=August 16, 2015|title=Serena Williams battles from third-set hole but falls short in Rogers Cup|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/13446751/serena-williams-upset-18-year-old-belinda-bencic-rogers-cup-semifinals|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816090430/http://espn.go.com/tennis/story/_/id/13446751/serena-williams-upset-18-year-old-belinda-bencic-rogers-cup-semifinals|archive-date=August 16, 2015|access-date=August 16, 2015|publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Serena Williams falls in Toronto semifinals|url=https://www.si.com/tennis/2015/08/15/ap-ten-toronto|magazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=August 16, 2015|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924165819/http://www.si.com/tennis/2015/08/15/ap-ten-toronto|url-status=live}}</ref> De next week Williams defend ein title at de Western & Southern Open plus a straight sets victory over No.3 Halep.<ref>{{cite web|date=August 23, 2015|title=Serena Williams wins Cincinnati tournament for second time|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/13495801/serena-williams-defeats-simona-halep-win-cincinnati-title|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926000545/http://espn.go.com/tennis/story/_/id/13495801/serena-williams-defeats-simona-halep-win-cincinnati-title|archive-date=September 26, 2015|access-date=August 24, 2015|publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 23, 2015|title=Serena Edges Halep & Wins Cincinnati|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/4953555/title/serena-edges-halep-wins-cincinnati|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825195649/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/4953555/title/serena-edges-halep-wins-cincinnati|archive-date=August 25, 2015|access-date=August 24, 2015|publisher=WTA}}</ref> Williams ein attempt at capturing de "Grand Slam" (winning all four Grand Slams insyd a calendar year) cam to an end at de US Open, wer she loose to Roberta Vinci insyd de semifinals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Roberta Vinci Ends Serena Williams's Grand Slam Bid at U.S. Open|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/12/sports/tennis/roberta-vinci-ends-serena-williamss-grand-slam-run-at-us-open.html|work=The New York Times|date=September 11, 2015|access-date=September 25, 2015|last1=Clarey|first1=Christopher|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406065244/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/12/sports/tennis/roberta-vinci-ends-serena-williamss-grand-slam-run-at-us-open.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Roberta Vinci upsets Serena Williams at the U.S. Open|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/tennis/roberta-vinci-upsets-serena-williams-at-the-us-open/2015/09/11/c5fdc6ca-5884-11e5-8bb1-b488d231bba2_story.html|first=Jacob|last=Feldman|date=September 11, 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=September 25, 2015|archive-date=May 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525180434/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/tennis/roberta-vinci-upsets-serena-williams-at-the-us-open/2015/09/11/c5fdc6ca-5884-11e5-8bb1-b488d231bba2_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mitchell|first=Kevin|date=September 11, 2015|title=Serena Williams' grand slam dream ended by Roberta Vinci's shock win|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/sep/11/serena-williams-grand-slam-ended-roberta-vinci|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221111847/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/sep/11/serena-williams-grand-slam-ended-roberta-vinci|archive-date=December 21, 2016|access-date=September 25, 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Na dem describe de defeat by sam as one of de biggest upsets insyd tennis history.<ref>{{cite web|date=September 11, 2015|title=No indication Vinci would stop Serena's Slam streak|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/usopen15/story/_/id/13633288/tennis-roberta-vinci-shatters-serena-dreams-monumental-upset|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926003947/http://espn.go.com/tennis/usopen15/story/_/id/13633288/tennis-roberta-vinci-shatters-serena-dreams-monumental-upset|archive-date=September 26, 2015|access-date=September 25, 2015|publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=September 11, 2015|title=13 reasons Serena Williams' loss to Roberta Vinci was the biggest upset in tennis history|url=http://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/09/13-reasons-serena-williams-loss-was-the-biggest-upset-in-tennis-history-roberta-vinci-us-open-grand-slam|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153557/http://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/09/13-reasons-serena-williams-loss-was-the-biggest-upset-in-tennis-history-roberta-vinci-us-open-grand-slam|archive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 25, 2015|work=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Chase|first=Chris|date=September 11, 2015|title=Why Serena's loss is one of the biggest upsets in sports history|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/serena-williams|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925201754/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/serenas-loss-one-biggest-upsets-sports-history/|archive-date=September 25, 2015|access-date=September 25, 2015|publisher=PBS NewsHour}}</ref> On October 1, Williams call an end to ein season, dey state say na she be injured for most of de year wey na she wan to "properly address [ein] health".<ref>{{cite web|title=Serena Williams Ends 2015 Season, Withdraws from China Open and WTA Finals|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2574337-serena-williams-ends-2015-season-withdraws-from-china-open-and-wta-finals|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014002636/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2574337-serena-williams-ends-2015-season-withdraws-from-china-open-and-wta-finals|archive-date=October 14, 2015|access-date=October 13, 2015|work=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Na Coach Patrick Mouratoglou hint say na ein decision to end de season early fi be secof a lack of motivation den disappointment dey follow ein loss at de Open.<ref>{{cite web|date=September 29, 2015|title=Disappointed Serena Williams may not play again in 2015, says coach|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/sep/29/disappointed-serena-williams-may-not-play-again-in-2015-says-coach|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001221059/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/sep/29/disappointed-serena-williams-may-not-play-again-in-2015-says-coach|archive-date=October 1, 2015|access-date=October 13, 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> On October 5, na Williams surpass Evert for third-most weeks ranked world No.1.<ref>{{cite web|title=Serena Williams Stays On Top Of WTA rankings And Moves Third On All Time List|url=https://www.beinsports.com/us/tennis/news/serena-williams-stays-on-top-of-wta-rankings-/109739|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924184342/https://www.beinsports.com/us/tennis/news/serena-williams-stays-on-top-of-wta-rankings-/109739|archive-date=September 24, 2022|access-date=October 13, 2015|publisher=beIN SPORTS}}</ref> Williams hold de top ranking de entire season for de second consecutive year, wey she fini der for de fifth time insyd ein career. Na dem vote am WTA Player of de Year for de seventh time, wey na dem name am ITF World Champion for de sixth time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Serena Williams: WTA Player Of The Year|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/5194460/title/serena-williams-wta-player-of-the-year|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210105111/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/5194460/title/serena-williams-wta-player-of-the-year|archive-date=December 10, 2015|access-date=December 9, 2015|publisher=WTA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Serena Williams: ITF World Champion|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/5226383/title/serena-williams-itf-world-champion|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101131502/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/5226383/title/serena-williams-itf-world-champion|archive-date=January 1, 2016|access-date=December 22, 2015|publisher=WTA}}</ref> Na dem sanso vote am Female Athlete of de Year by de Associated Press for de fourth time insyd ein career, wey na dem choose am as Sportsperson of de Year by Sports Illustrated.<ref>{{cite news|title=Serena Williams wins fourth AP female athlete of the year title|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/more-sports/serena-williams-wins-fourth-ap-female-athlete-of-the-year-title/article27939491/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226010421/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/more-sports/serena-williams-wins-fourth-ap-female-athlete-of-the-year-title/article27939491/|archive-date=December 26, 2015|access-date=December 26, 2015|work=The Globe and Mail}}</ref><ref name="SISPOTY2015">{{cite magazine|title=Serena Williams is SI's Sportsperson of the Year|url=https://www.si.com/sportsperson/2015/12/14/serena-williams-si-sportsperson-year|magazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=December 14, 2015|archive-date=December 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211040640/https://www.si.com/sportsperson/2015/12/14/serena-williams-si-sportsperson-year|url-status=live}}</ref> She cam be de third solo woman, den de first since 1983, make she receive de latter award.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 14, 2015|title=Why it matters that Serena Williams is on the cover of Sports Illustrated|url=https://www.vox.com/2015/12/14/10131368/serena-williams-sports-illustrated|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529022330/https://www.vox.com/2015/12/14/10131368/serena-williams-sports-illustrated|archive-date=May 29, 2023|access-date=December 27, 2015|publisher=Vox}}</ref> === 2016: Equalling de records of Steffi Graf === Na Williams be de No.1 seed den defending champion at de Australian Open. She reach de final widout dropping a set, wey na she face first time Grand Slam finalist Angelique Kerber. Na dem consider Williams de heavy favorite, as na she never loose an Australian Open final anaa semifinal. Na she sanso dominate insyd past matches against Kerber, wey she loose once per to am insyd six meetings. Williams loose de final insyd three sets, however, wich mark ein first-ever three-set loss insyd de final of a Grand Slam.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mitchell|first=Kevin|date=January 30, 2016|title=Angelique Kerber stuns Serena Williams to clinch Australian Open title|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jan/30/serena-williams-angelque-kerber-australian-open-final-tennis|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621143555/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jan/30/serena-williams-angelque-kerber-australian-open-final-tennis|archive-date=June 21, 2018|access-date=June 4, 2018|website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/31/sports/angelique-kerber-upsets-serena-williams-to-win-australian-open.html|title=Angelique Kerber Upsets Serena Williams to Win Australian Open|date=January 30, 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=June 4, 2018|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406065245/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/31/sports/angelique-kerber-upsets-serena-williams-to-win-australian-open.html|url-status=live}}</ref> De week of February 15 mark Williams ein 157th consecutive week ranked No.1, de second-longest streak insyd WTA history. Na Graf per wey hold de ranking longer, for 186 weeks. Williams compete insyd Indian Wells as de No.1 seed, wey na she reach de final for de first time since 2001. Na Azarenka defeat am, whom na she beat de last five times na de pair meet. Na dis mark de first time since 2004 wey Williams loose two consecutive finals. She next play de Miami Open as de defending champion, wey she loose insyd de fourth round to Kuznetsova. Insyd Rome, she prevail over Anna-Lena Friedsam den Christina McHale make she progress to de quarterfinals, wer she defeat Kuznetsova. She then defeat Irina-Camelia Begu den Madison Keys make she win ein 70th career WTA title den ein first title of de year.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rothenberg|first=Ben|date=2016-05-15|title=At Italian Open, Serena Williams Ends a Long but Lean Drought|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/16/sports/tennis/serena-williams-madison-keys-italian-open-rome.html|access-date=2024-05-28|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> At de French Open, Williams drop one set per en route to de final, wer she face Muguruza. She loose to de Spanish-Venezuelan player insyd straight sets, dey mark de first time na she loose two consecutive Grand Slam finals. At Wimbledon, Williams san drop one set per for ein way to de final, wer she face Kerber insyd a rematch of dema Australian Open final earlier insyd de year. Williams defeat Kerber insyd straight sets wey she tie Graf ein record of 22 Open Era Grand Slam singles titles. Later dat day, Williams den ein sisto win dema sixth Wimbledon doubles title den 14th Grand Slam doubles title overall, wey dem keep dema perfect record at Grand Slam doubles finals intact. Insyd July, Williams withdraw from de Rogers Cup secof a shoulder injury.<ref>{{cite web|date=July 24, 2016|title=Serena Williams withdraws from the Rogers Cup in Montreal|url=http://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12040/10511583/serena-williams-withdraws-from-rogers-cup-in-montreal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828063813/http://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12040/10511583/serena-williams-withdraws-from-rogers-cup-in-montreal|archive-date=August 28, 2016|access-date=August 24, 2016|publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> She next participate insyd de Olympics insyd Rio de Janeiro, wer na she be de defending gold medalist insyd both singles den doubles, wey na she be de heavy favorite make she retain those titles. De sistos suffer a shock exit insyd de first round of doubles, wey dem loose to de Czech duo of Šafářová den Barbora Strýcová, wich end dema career record of 15–0 dating back to de 2000 Olympics.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/37006469|title=Rio Olympics 2016: Serena & Venus Williams lose in doubles|work=BBC Sport|date=August 8, 2016|access-date=August 24, 2016|archive-date=August 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810021752/http://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/37006469|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd singles, Williams loose to Elina Svitolina insyd de third round.<ref>{{cite web|last=Levinsohn|first=Alan|date=August 10, 2016|title=Serena Williams loses in singles round three, out of Rio Olympics|url=http://www.nbcolympics.com/news/serena-williams-loses-singles-round-three-out-rio-olympics|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811131031/http://www.nbcolympics.com/news/serena-williams-loses-singles-round-three-out-rio-olympics|archive-date=August 11, 2016|access-date=August 24, 2016|publisher=NBC Sports}}</ref> Days after de Olympics, Williams enter de Western & Southern Open make she defend ein crown, buh then she withdraw secof de same shoulder injury from earlier insyd de summer.<ref>{{cite web|date=August 16, 2016|title=After practice session, Serena Williams withdraws from Cincinnati with shoulder injury|url=http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2016/08/shoulder-injury-forces-serena-williams-out-of-tourney/59966/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819184645/http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2016/08/shoulder-injury-forces-serena-williams-out-of-tourney/59966/|archive-date=August 19, 2016|access-date=August 24, 2016|website=Tennis.com}}</ref> De week of September 5, 2016, mark Williams ein 186th consecutive week ranked No.1, dey tie am plus Graf for de longest run insyd WTA history. Williams ein streak end wen she loose to Karolína Plíšková insyd de semifinals of de US Open.<ref>{{cite news|date=September 9, 2016|title=Serena Williams suffers shock US Open semifinal defeat to Karolina Pliskova|url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/us-open-women/2016/serena-williams-v-karolina-pliskova-us-open-live_sto5835691/story.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030230811/https://www.eurosport.com/geoblocking.shtml|archive-date=October 30, 2023|access-date=June 4, 2018|work=Eurosport}}</ref> Insyd October, she pull out of de WTA Finals, dey cite ein shoulder injury.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ullah|first1=Zahra|last2=Westcott|first2=Ben|date=October 17, 2016|title=Injured Serena Williams out of WTA Finals|url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/tennis/serena-williams-singapore-finals/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502081215/https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/tennis/serena-williams-singapore-finals/index.html|archive-date=May 2, 2022|access-date=May 2, 2022|publisher=CNN}}</ref> === 2017: Australian Open victory den pregnancy === Williams start 2017 by playing insyd de WTA Auckland Open for de first time insyd ein career. Insyd de second round, she loose to Madison Brengle. She then win de Australian Open for an Open Era record seventh time, wey she defeat Venus insyd de final.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Serena-Williams|title=Serena Williams {{!}} Biography, Titles, & Facts|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=August 8, 2017|archive-date=September 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918073816/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Serena-Williams|url-status=live}}</ref> Na ebe ein 23rd Open Era Grand Slam singles title, wey push am past Graf ein record of 22. Na ebe de first time insyd de Open Era wey na two players aged 35 anaa older compete insyd de final of a Grand Slam tournament. De win ensure Williams ein return to de No.1 ranking.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2017/01/27/2017-australian-open-watch-live-stream-online-finals-full-schedule-ao-venus-serena-williams.html|title=How to Watch the 2017 Australian Open Finals|last=Warshaw|first=Amelia|date=January 27, 2017|website=The Daily Beast|access-date=January 28, 2017|archive-date=January 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127211352/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2017/01/27/2017-australian-open-watch-live-stream-online-finals-full-schedule-ao-venus-serena-williams.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/38781553|title=Australian Open 2017: Serena Williams beats Venus Williams to set Grand Slam record|date=January 28, 2017|work=BBC Sport|access-date=January 28, 2017|archive-date=January 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128104305/http://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/38781553|url-status=live}}</ref> She subsequently withdraw from de Indian Wells den Miami Opens, dey cite a knee injury.<ref>{{cite web|title=Serena Williams Withdraws from BNP Paribas Open|url=http://www.bnpparibasopen.com/en/media-and-news/news/2017/03/07/serena-williams-withdraws-from-bnp-paribas-open|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808200934/http://www.bnpparibasopen.com/en/media-and-news/news/2017/03/07/serena-williams-withdraws-from-bnp-paribas-open|archive-date=August 8, 2017|access-date=April 20, 2017|work=BNP Paribas Open}}</ref> On April 19, 2017, Williams reveal say na she be 20 weeks pregnant wey she go miss de remainder of de season.<ref>{{cite web|title=Serena Williams planning 2018 return after confirming pregnancy|url=http://sport.bt.com/tennis/serena-williams-planning-2018-return-after-confirming-pregnancy-S11364174403855|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023023805/https://sport.bt.com/tennis/serena-williams-planning-2018-return-after-confirming-pregnancy-S11364174403855|archive-date=October 23, 2020|access-date=April 20, 2017|work=BT.com|publisher=BT Sport}}</ref> De timing of ein announcement mean na she already dey preg wen na she win de Australian Open.<ref>{{cite news|title=Serena Williams: How can you win a Grand Slam while pregnant?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/39653317|work=BBC Sport|access-date=April 20, 2017|archive-date=April 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417074636/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/39653317|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd interviews, na she say dat she intend to return to tennis after she give birth, dey say na she get an "outrageous plan" of competing insyd de 2018 Australian Open.<ref name="voguesept17">{{cite web|last=Haskell|first=Rob|date=August 15, 2017|title=Serena Williams on Pregnancy, Power, and Coming Back to Center Court|url=http://www.vogue.com/article/serena-williams-pregnancy-vogue-september-issue-2017|access-date=August 15, 2017|website=Vogue}}</ref> On September 1, 2017, Williams give birth to a daughter.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2017/09/13/serena_williams_revealed_her_daughter_s_name_and_her_first_photo.html|title=Serena Williams Revealed Her Daughter's Name and Shared the Baby's First Photo|last=Olmstead|first=Molly|date=September 13, 2017|work=Slate|access-date=September 14, 2017|issn=1091-2339|archive-date=September 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914014552/http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2017/09/13/serena_williams_revealed_her_daughter_s_name_and_her_first_photo.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She suffer a pulmonary embolism after delivery, wey lef am bedridden for six weeks wey delay ein return to training.<ref name="vogue.com">{{cite web|last1=Haskell|first1=Rob|date=January 10, 2018|title=Serena Williams on Motherhood, Marriage, and Making Her Comeback|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/serena-williams-vogue-cover-interview-february-2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122044131/https://www.vogue.com/article/serena-williams-vogue-cover-interview-february-2018|archive-date=January 22, 2020|access-date=January 17, 2018|website=Vogue}}</ref> On December 30, Williams play ein first match since giving birth, an exhibition match at de World Tennis Championship insyd Abu Dhabi, wer na she loose to Jeļena Ostapenko. [[File:Williams_S._RG18_(17)_(41168711240).jpg|thumb|French Open, 2018]] === 2018: Return to tennis, Wimbledon, den controversies === On January 5, 2018, Williams withdraw from de upcoming Australian Open, dey cite a lack of sufficient preparation insyd de wake of ein pregnancy.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Spits|first1=Scott|date=January 5, 2018|title=Australian Open 2018: Serena Williams to miss but vowing to return to Melbourne|url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/tennis/australian-open-2018-serena-williams-wont-compete-20180105-h0dv52.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106191418/http://www.smh.com.au/sport/tennis/australian-open-2018-serena-williams-wont-compete-20180105-h0dv52.html|archive-date=January 6, 2018|access-date=January 17, 2018|website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> Insyd February, after na she overcam pregnancy-related health problems, she return to de tennis court plus Venus. De pair loose to Lesley Kerkhove den Demi Schuurs of de Netherlands insyd de first round of de Fed Cup.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://jezebel.com/serena-williams-made-her-return-to-competitive-tennis-t-1822914914|title=Serena Williams Made Her Return to Competitive Tennis This Weekend|last=Fishbein|first=Rebecca|work=Jezebel|access-date=February 12, 2018|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406042249/https://jezebel.com/serena-williams-made-her-return-to-competitive-tennis-t-1822914914|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams then suffer back-to-back early exits insyd Indian Wells den Miami. Williams return to Grand Slam tennis at de 2018 French Open, wey she play singles den doubles plus ein sisto. Insyd de first round, she defeat Kristýna Plíšková, then she overcam Ashleigh Barty insyd de second round. She then defeat 11th seed Julia Görges make she set up a fourth-round match against Sharapova, whom na she best 18 consecutive times since 2004. Williams withdraw from de match secof an injury, however.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/04/sport/french-open-serena-sharapova-nadal-tennis/index.html|title=Serena Williams pulls out of French Open due to injury|first=Ravi|last=Ubha|publisher=CNN|access-date=June 4, 2018|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406131440/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/04/sport/french-open-serena-sharapova-nadal-tennis/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mitchell|first=Kevin|date=June 4, 2018|title=Serena Williams withdraws from French Open clash with Maria Sharapova|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/jun/04/serena-williams-withdraws-french-open-injury-sharapova|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604162729/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/jun/04/serena-williams-withdraws-french-open-injury-sharapova|archive-date=June 4, 2018|access-date=June 4, 2018|website=The Guardian}}</ref> Insyd July, she play Wimbledon wey na dem seed am No.25. Na chaw feel de decision show bias den unduly favor Williams, wey na dem rank am No.181.<ref>{{cite web|date=July 10, 2018|title=Serena Williams|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/players/player/230234/title/serena-williams|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030125120/https://www.wtatennis.com/players/player/230234/title/Serena-Williams|archive-date=October 30, 2019|access-date=July 10, 2018|website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> Odas argue dat de All England Club, wich no dey base seedings on players dema world rankings—as oda Grand Slam tournaments dey do—na dem sensibly consider Williams ein excellent historic record at Wimbledon.<ref name="surprise">{{cite news|last=Merrill|first=Jamie|date=July 2018|title=Serena Willams reveals 'surprise' at Wimbledon seeding|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/07/01/serena-willams-reveals-surprise-wimbledon-seeding/|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/07/01/serena-willams-reveals-surprise-wimbledon-seeding/|archive-date=January 10, 2022|access-date=July 10, 2018|website=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=July 10, 2018|title=Federer and Serena Williams remain but exodus of seeds raises questions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/jul/07/wimbledon-2018-seeds-exodus-questions|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728133755/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/jul/07/wimbledon-2018-seeds-exodus-questions|archive-date=July 28, 2018|access-date=July 10, 2018|website=The Guardian}}</ref> Williams reach de Wimbledon semifinals, wey cam be de lowest-ranked player to do so.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Oxley|first1=Sonia|title=Serena Williams into Wimbledon semifinals with win over Camila Giorgi|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/44783078|access-date=July 11, 2018|publisher=BBC|archive-date=April 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411132629/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/44783078|url-status=live}}</ref> She best 13th seed Görges insyd de semifinal match, buh she loose to Kerber insyd a rematch of de 2016 final.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Skiver|first=Kevin|date=2018-07-12|title=Wimbledon 2018 women's semifinal results: Serena Williams to play Angelique Kerber for title|url=https://www.cbssports.com/tennis/news/wimbledon-2018-womens-semifinal-results-serena-williams-to-play-angelique-kerber-for-title/|access-date=2024-05-28|website=CBSSports.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=ESPN News Services|date=2018-07-14|title=Angelique Kerber wins Wimbledon, keeps Serena Williams from tying all-time mark|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/24096564/wimbledon-2018-angelique-kerber-beats-serena-williams-3rd-grand-slam-title|access-date=2024-05-28|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> Dey follow Wimbledon, Williams enter de 2018 Silicon Valley Classic, ein first appearance insyd a US Open series tournament since 2015. She suffer de worst loss of ein career insyd de first round, she win just a single game against Johanna Konta.<ref>{{cite web|date=August 2018|title=Serena Williams suffers worst defeat of her career|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/08/01/tennis/serena-williams-johanna-konta-silicon-valley-classic-spt-intl/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602061821/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/08/01/tennis/serena-williams-johanna-konta-silicon-valley-classic-spt-intl/index.html|archive-date=June 2, 2023|access-date=August 1, 2018|publisher=CNN}}</ref> Williams later reveal insyd an interview plus ''Time'' say na she check Instagram prior to de match, wey na she discover say de man wey murder ein half-sisto, Yetunde, insyd 2003 na dem release am on parole earlier insyd de year. Williams say na she "ni fi shake am out of [ein] mind."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://time.com/5368858/serena-williams-comeback/|title=Serena Williams Opens Up About Her Complicated Comeback, Motherhood And Making Time to Be Selfish|magazine=Time|access-date=August 17, 2018|archive-date=August 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816225315/http://time.com/5368858/serena-williams-comeback/|url-status=live}}</ref> Na Williams ein next tournament be de Cincinnati Masters. She beat Daria Gavrilova insyd straight sets insyd de first round, buh she loose to Petra Kvitová insyd de second round.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brennan|first=Pat|date=2018-08-13|title=Serena Williams dominates in first round of Western & Southern Open|url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/sports/tennis/2018/08/13/serena-williams-dominates-first-round-western-southern-open/983194002/|access-date=2024-05-28|website=Cincinnati Enquirer|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Brennan|first=Pat|date=2018-08-14|title=Petra Kvitova holds off Serena Williams at the Western & Southern Open|url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/sports/tennis/2018/08/14/petra-kvitova-holds-off-serena-williams-western-southern-open/994750002/|access-date=2024-05-28|website=Cincinnati Enquirer|language=en-US}}</ref> Na dem then seed am 17th at de US Open, although she rank 26th insyd de WTA. She prevail over Magda Linette insyd de first round, Carina Witthöft insyd de second, Venus insyd de third, den Kaia Kanepi insyd de fourth. Na Williams ein quarterfinal face-off against Karolína Plíšková be a rematch of de 2016 US Open semifinal, wich na de Czech player win. Williams prevail, dey notch ein first win against a top 10 player since ein return from pregnancy. Williams then win ein semifinal match against Anastasija Sevastova, wey put am into de final against Naomi Osaka. During de second set of de match, na dem give Williams a code violation secof ein coach, Patrick Mouratoglou, give am coaching hand signals. Williams claim na Mouratoglou simply dey give am a thumbs-up, wey na she demand an apology from umpire Carlos Ramos. However, na Mouratoglou later admit insyd de after-game interview say na he dey coach, buh dey believe na Williams no understand de hint.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=September 8, 2018|title=Patrick Mouratoglou admits to coaching Serena Williams during final|url=http://www.sportingnews.com/ca/tennis/news/patrick-mouratoglou-serena-williams-coaching-us-open-final/uu0mars28xk61dkz9jkmnpk4p|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023122917/https://www.sportingnews.com/ca/tennis/news/patrick-mouratoglou-serena-williams-coaching-us-open-final/uu0mars28xk61dkz9jkmnpk4p|archive-date=October 23, 2020|access-date=September 9, 2018|magazine=Sporting News}}</ref> Williams then receive a second violation for racket abuse, wich result in a point penalty. After ein third code violation for verbal abuse of de umpire, Williams receive a game penalty, wey na she go on go lose de match. Na dem fine am a total of $17,000 for de three offenses, although na she claim dem treat am unfairly secof she be a woman.<ref>{{cite web|date=September 8, 2018|title=Serena Williams demands apology from US Open umpire|url=https://www.cbssports.com/tennis/news/us-open-final-2018-serena-williams-demands-apology-from-umpire-after-controversial-game-penalty/|url-status=live|publisher=CBS}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=September 8, 2018|title=Serena Williams unleashes furious rant at umpire as she loses US Open|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2018/09/08/serena-williams-vs-naomi-osaka-us-open-2018-final-live-score/|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2018/09/08/serena-williams-vs-naomi-osaka-us-open-2018-final-live-score/|archive-date=January 10, 2022|access-date=September 8, 2018|newspaper=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=September 9, 2018|title=US Open: Serena Williams says she was treated more harshly because she is a woman|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-09/us-open-serena-williams-says-sexism-to-blame-in-loss-to-osaka/10219364|access-date=March 4, 2019|work=ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=September 9, 2018|title=Serena Williams Fined $17,000 for US Open Code Violations|url=https://www.tmz.com/2018/09/09/serena-williams-fined-17-000-us-open-code-violations/|website=TMZ}}</ref> Dey follow de US Open final match, na de Melbourne newspaper de Herald Sun publish a cartoon by Mark Knight wey dey depict Williams dey throw a tantrum while de umpire ask ein opponent to "make she just let her win".<ref>{{cite web|date=September 11, 2018|title=Knight's cartoon neither racist or sexist|url=https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/opinion/editorial-mark-knights-cartoon-rightly-mocks-serena-williams-us-open-finals-dummyspit/news-story/bff3c329c6c706b966636620bcb21be7|access-date=September 24, 2019|website=Herald Sun}}</ref> Na dem widely criticize da cartoon as racist den sexist, wey include by Williams ein husbie, Alexis Ohanian, den author J. K. Rowling.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dawson|first=Alan|title=Serena Williams' Reddit co-founder husband Alexis Ohanian slams controversial 'angry baby' cartoon for being 'racist and misogynistic'|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/alexis-ohanian-calls-serena-williams-cartoon-racist-misogynistic-2018-9|access-date=September 24, 2019|website=Business Insider}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=September 10, 2018|title=JK Rowling condemns 'racist and sexist' cartoon of Serena Williams at US Open|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/jk-rowling-twitter-serena-williams-cartoon-us-open-racist-sexist-a8531941.html|access-date=September 24, 2019|website=The Independent}}</ref> Complaints center on de portrayal of Williams as an angry black woman plus exaggeratedly large lips den a broad, flat nose; de depiction of Williams insyd an ape-like pose; den de rendering of Osaka plus blonde hair (na sam per of ein hair be colored blonde during de tournament).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cavna|first=Michael|date=September 12, 2018|title=An Australian artist's racist Serena Williams cartoon receives swift and international blowback|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/comic-riffs/wp/2018/09/10/an-australian-artists-racist-serena-williams-cartoon-receives-swift-and-international-blowback/|access-date=September 24, 2019|newspaper=The Washington Post|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref name="Herald18">{{cite web|date=September 11, 2018|title=I shut Twitter to save family from abuse: Knight|url=https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/herald-sun-backs-mark-knights-cartoon-on-serena-williams/news-story/30c877e3937a510d64609d89ac521d9f|access-date=September 24, 2019|website=Herald Sun}}</ref> Knight defend ein work, dey claim na ein satire never be about race anaa gender, buh rather about shining a spotlight on bad behavior by sports superstars. === 2019: Return to de top 10 === Williams start ein 2019 season at de Australian Open, ein first appearance at de tournament since she win am insyd 2017. She seed 16th, na she defeat Tatjana Maria, Eugenie Bouchard, den Dayana Yastremska insyd de first three rounds, then she best top seed den world No.1 Halep insyd de fourth. Insyd de quarterfinals, she meet Karolína Plíšková, wey win de match after Williams twist ein ankle. Na dis be Williams ein earliest defeat at de Australian Open since ein fourth-round loss insyd 2014. Despite de loss, na ein ranking climb to No.11. Williams prevail over Azarenka insyd de second round of de Indian Wells Masters, buh na a viral illness cause am make she retire. She then experience a recurrence of a long-term knee injury, wich cause am make she pull out of upcoming Miami den Rome events. Na she no fi train properly til after de French Open, wer na she loose insyd de third round.<ref>{{cite news|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|title=Serena Williams's Coach Says She Is Pain Free. Watch Out, Wimbledon?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/29/sports/wimbledon-serena-williams.html|website=The New York Times|date=June 29, 2019|access-date=July 13, 2019|archive-date=July 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702044651/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/29/sports/wimbledon-serena-williams.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams then reach de final at Wimbledon, wey make 2019 de 13th consecutive year insyd wich na she play insyd a Grand Slam final. She cam be de oldest Grand Slam finalist insyd de Open Era.<ref>{{cite news|last=Oxley|first=Sonia|title=Serena Williams beats Barbora Strycova to reach Wimbledon final|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/48952703|access-date=September 7, 2019|archive-date=September 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920225738/https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/48952703|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams lost de final to Halep insyd two straight sets.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wimbledon final: Serena Williams loses to Simona Halep – CBBC Newsround|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/48976427|access-date=September 11, 2020|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406131038/https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/48976427|url-status=live}}</ref> At de Canadian Open, Williams defeat Osaka insyd de quarterfinals den Marie Bouzkova insyd de semifinals, then she face Bianca Andreescu insyd de final. However, na dem force Williams make she withdraw early insyd de match after experiencing back spasms.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rush|first=Curtis|title=Serena Williams Leaves Rogers Cup Final With Back Spasms; Andreescu Wins|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/11/sports/tennis/serena-williams-rogers-cup-bianca-andreescu.html?module=inline|website=The New York Times|date=August 11, 2019|access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814131840/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/11/sports/tennis/serena-williams-rogers-cup-bianca-andreescu.html?module=inline|url-status=live}}</ref> Ein back problems continue at de Cincinnati Open, wer na she withdraw before ein first-round match.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rothenberg|first=Ben|title=Serena Williams, Citing Back Pain, Withdraws From Cincinnati Masters|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/13/sports/tennis/serena-williams.html|website=The New York Times|date=August 14, 2019|access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406054252/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/13/sports/tennis/serena-williams.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Na Williams be seeded eighth at de US Open, wer she best Sharapova insyd de first round. Insyd de quarterfinals she defeat Wang Qiang, den insyd de semifinals she triumph over Svitolina. Williams then proceed to de final against Andreescu, wey win de title insyd straight sets.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2019/sep/07/us-open-women-final-bianca-andreescu-serena-williams-live|title=Bianca Andreescu beats Serena Williams in US Open women's final – as it happened|first=Bryan Armen|last=Graham|newspaper=The Guardian|date=September 7, 2019|access-date=September 29, 2019|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406143211/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2019/sep/07/us-open-women-final-bianca-andreescu-serena-williams-live|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams fini de year ranked No.10.<ref name="rankingshistory"/> === 2020–2022: Final years === Insyd January 2020, Williams win ein first singles title as a mommie at de ASB Classic, wey she defeat Jessica Pegula insyd de final.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.si.com/tennis/2020/01/12/serena-williams-donates-australia-wildfire-relief-asb-classic|title=Serena Williams Wins ASB Classic, Donates Winnings to Australia Wildfire Relief|agency=Associated Press|date=January 12, 2020|access-date=April 21, 2020|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406104515/https://www.si.com/tennis/2020/01/12/serena-williams-donates-australia-wildfire-relief-asb-classic|url-status=live}}</ref> At de Australian Open, Williams loose insyd de third round to Wang insyd three sets.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 January 2020|title=Australian Open 2020: Serena Williams falls to Qiang Wang, denied another chance at 24th Grand Slam|url=https://www.cbssports.com/tennis/news/australian-open-2020-serena-williams-falls-to-qiang-wang-denied-another-chance-at-24th-grand-slam/|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.cbssports.com}}</ref> Williams then enter de Top Seed Open as de No.1 seed, wey she defeat Venus insyd de second round before she loose to Shelby Rogers insyd de quarterfinals.<ref>{{cite web|date=15 August 2020|title=Serena Williams thwarted by Shelby Rogers in Top Seed Open quarter-final|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/aug/14/serena-williams-shelby-rogers-lexington-match|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> At de US Open, Williams defeat Stephens insyd de third round before she loose to Azarenka insyd de semifinals.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ubha|first=Ravi|date=September 11, 2020|title=Serena Williams upset by Victoria Azarenka in US Open semifinals|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/09/11/tennis/us-open-tennis-serena-osaka-azarenka-brady-spt-intl/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911070951/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/09/11/tennis/us-open-tennis-serena-osaka-azarenka-brady-spt-intl/index.html|archive-date=September 11, 2020|access-date=September 11, 2020|publisher=CNN}}</ref> Williams withdraw from de French Open dem delay insyd October, dey cite an Achilles injury wey na she sustain during de US Open. She fail to reach a Grand Slam final insyd 2020.<ref>{{cite web|date=30 September 2020|title=Serena Williams withdraws from French Open due to Achilles injury|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200930-serena-williams-withdraws-from-french-open-due-to-unhealed-achilles-injury|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.france24.com}}</ref> Williams start de 2021 season by playing de Yarra Valley Classic, wer na she withdraw prior to ein semifinal match, dey cite a right shoulder injury.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zagoria|first=Adam|title=Serena Williams Withdraws From Australian Open Tuneup Event With Shoulder Injury|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamzagoria/2021/02/05/serena-williams-withdraws-from-australian-open-tuneup-event/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406134958/https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamzagoria/2021/02/05/serena-williams-withdraws-from-australian-open-tuneup-event/|archive-date=April 6, 2023|access-date=February 18, 2021|website=Forbes}}</ref> Insyd de Australian Open, Williams loose insyd de semifinal to Osaka.<ref>{{cite web|date=18 February 2021|title=Serena Williams loses to Naomi Osaka in Australian Open semifinals|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/naomi-osaka-defeats-serena-williams-2021-australian-open/|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.cbsnews.com}}</ref> Insyd May, Williams play ein 1000th match of ein career against Nadia Podoroska insyd de second round of de Italian Open, wich she loose insyd straight sets.<ref>{{cite web|title=Celebrating Serena's 1000th match: A retrospective|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2138205/celebrating-serena-s-1000th-match-a-retrospective|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512153830/https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2138205/celebrating-serena-s-1000th-match-a-retrospective|archive-date=May 12, 2021|access-date=May 12, 2021|website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=May 12, 2021|title=Podoroska stuns Serena Williams|url=https://www.internazionalibnlditalia.com/en/news/match-reports/podoroska-stuns-serena-williams/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405211851/https://www.internazionalibnlditalia.com/en/news/match-reports/podoroska-stuns-serena-williams/|archive-date=April 5, 2023|access-date=May 12, 2021}}</ref> She sustain an injury during de first round at Wimbledon against Belarusian player Aliaksandra Sasnovich, wey force am make she withdraw from de tournament.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 29, 2021|title=Serena Williams forced to retire from Wimbledon in first round after injuring ankle|url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/serena-williams-forced-retire-wimbledon-203400476.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629205438/https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/serena-williams-forced-retire-wimbledon-203400476.html|archive-date=June 29, 2021|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=Yahoo Sports}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Williams 'heartbroken' by Wimbledon exit|publisher=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/57656647|access-date=July 1, 2021|archive-date=April 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417071839/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/57656647|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd August, na a leg injury force Williams make she retire from de US Open.<ref>{{cite web|date=August 25, 2021|title=Serena Williams withdraws from 2021 US Open due to injury|url=https://www.sportstiger.com/serena-williams-withdraws-from-2021-us-open-due-to-injury/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825131550/https://www.sportstiger.com/serena-williams-withdraws-from-2021-us-open-due-to-injury/|archive-date=August 25, 2021|access-date=August 25, 2021|work=SportsTiger}}</ref> Na de withdrawal see Williams plummet nineteen places to 41st insyd de world, ein lowest year-end ranking insyd 15 years.<ref name="rankingshistory"/> [[File:Serena_and_Venus_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|De Williams sistos insyd 2022 during dema final doubles match togeda]] Insyd December 2021, Williams announce she no go play de 2022 Australian Open, dey cite de same leg injury.<ref>{{cite news|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|date=December 8, 2021|title=Serena Williams Withdraws From Australian Open|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/08/sports/tennis/serena-williams-australian-open.html|access-date=March 28, 2022|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=January 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110003100/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/08/sports/tennis/serena-williams-australian-open.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She return to professional play insyd June 2022 wen na she team up plus Ons Jabeur for de Eastbourne International. Na de pair win two matches before she retire from de tournament secof an injury wey Jabeur sustain.<ref>{{cite news|date=June 20, 2022|title=Williams makes winning return in Eastbourne doubles after year out|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/live/tennis/59813824|access-date=June 21, 2022|archive-date=June 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620180458/https://www.bbc.com/sport/live/tennis/59813824|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carayol|first=Tumaini|date=June 23, 2022|title=Serena Williams' comeback cut short by Ons Jabeur injury at Eastbourne|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jun/23/serena-williams-comeback-cut-short-by-ons-jabeur-injury-at-easbourne|access-date=June 24, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623213628/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jun/23/serena-williams-comeback-cut-short-by-ons-jabeur-injury-at-easbourne|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams sanso play singles at Wimbledon, wer na she loose to No.113 Harmony Tan insyd de first round.<ref>{{cite news|last=Carayol|first=Tumaini|date=June 14, 2022|title=Serena Williams granted wildcard into Wimbledon singles draw|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jun/14/serena-williams-set-to-make-tennis-comeback-at-wimbledon|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620231459/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jun/14/serena-williams-set-to-make-tennis-comeback-at-wimbledon|archive-date=June 20, 2022|access-date=June 21, 2022|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tan prevails over Serena in three-hour Wimbledon opener|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2658987/tan-prevails-over-serena-in-three-hour-wimbledon-opener|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706224106/https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2658987/tan-prevails-over-serena-in-three-hour-wimbledon-opener|archive-date=July 6, 2022|access-date=June 29, 2022}}</ref> Na dem rank Williams No. 320 at de end of 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ranking history of Serena Williams|url=http://www.coretennis.net/tennis-player/serena-williams/220/ranking.html|access-date=2024-03-20|website=CoreTennis.net|language=en}}</ref> === Farewell tour === Insyd de September 2022 issue of ''Vogue'', Williams announce ein plans to "evolve away" from tennis after de 2022 US Open, wey dey indicate retirement.<ref>{{cite news|date=August 9, 2022|title=Serena Williams says she will be 'evolving away' from tennis – suggesting retirement after US Open|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/62481750|access-date=August 9, 2022|archive-date=August 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809134344/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/62481750|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 10, 2022|title=Serena Williams OK Not Being GOAT, Happy 'Writing the Big Checks'|url=https://www.newsweek.com/serena-williams-goat-happy-writing-big-checks-tennis-business-family-1732439|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810210844/https://www.newsweek.com/serena-williams-goat-happy-writing-big-checks-tennis-business-family-1732439|archive-date=August 10, 2022|access-date=August 10, 2022|work=NewsWeek}}</ref><ref name="Vogueretire">{{cite web|date=August 9, 2022|title=Serena Williams's Farewell to Tennis—In Her Own Words|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/serena-williams-retirement-in-her-own-words|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904055728/https://www.vogue.com/article/serena-williams-retirement-in-her-own-words|archive-date=September 4, 2022|access-date=September 2, 2022|website=Vogue|language=en-US}}</ref> She state ein intention make she focus on ein family den ein venture capital firm. Williams begin ein farewell tour by entering de Canadian Open insyd Toronto using a protected ranking. She beat Nuria Párrizas Díaz insyd straight sets for ein first singles win insyd 14 months, before she loose to Belinda Bencic.<ref>{{cite news|date=August 8, 2022|title=National Bank Open: Serena Williams beats Nuria Parrizas Diaz for first singles win in over a year|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/62470911|access-date=August 9, 2022|archive-date=August 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809010411/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/62470911|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=August 11, 2022|title=Serena Williams loses to Belinda Bencic in first match since saying she will 'evolve away' from tennis|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/62502494|access-date=August 13, 2022|archive-date=August 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812180737/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/62502494|url-status=live}}</ref> After ein elimination, na tournament organizers give Williams gifts make she remember de city.<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2RPJ6Je83c |title=Serena Williams emotional on-court interview in Toronto |date=August 11, 2022 |publisher=WTA |access-date=December 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902160916/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2RPJ6Je83c |archive-date=September 2, 2022 |url-status=live |via=YouTube}}</ref> Williams subsequently enter de Cincinnati Masters, wer na she fall to reigning US Open champion Emma Raducanu insyd de first round.<ref>{{cite news|date=August 13, 2022|title=Emma Raducanu to face Serena Williams for first time in final US Open warm-up|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2022/08/13/emma-raducanu-face-serena-williams-first-time-final-us-open/|access-date=August 13, 2022|archive-date=August 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813071758/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2022/08/13/emma-raducanu-face-serena-williams-first-time-final-us-open/|url-status=live}}</ref> At de US Open, Williams play doubles plus Venus for de first time since 2018; de sistos loose to de Czech duo of Lucie Hradecká den Linda Nosková.<ref>{{cite news|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|date=September 2, 2022|title=The Williams sisters, after a tight first set, are overpowered in doubles.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/01/sports/tennis/serena-venus-williams-us-open.html|access-date=September 2, 2022|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=September 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902033743/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/01/sports/tennis/serena-venus-williams-us-open.html/|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd de first round of singles, Williams defeat Danka Kovinić of Montenegro. After de match—wich na ebe attended by Eric Adams, Bill Clinton, Spike Lee, Mike Tyson, Vera Wang, Ruth Westheimer, den Tiger Woods—na dem play a tribute video wey be narrated by Oprah Winfrey, wey na dem conduct an interview by Gayle King.<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpFEO5hWTy0 |title=Serena Williams On-Court Interview {{!}} 2022 US Open Round 1 |date=August 30, 2022 |publisher=US Open Tennis Championships |access-date=December 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902160923/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpFEO5hWTy0 |archive-date=September 2, 2022 |url-status=live |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 31, 2022|title=Tiger Woods, Venus Williams and more spotted at Serena Williams' US Open match|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/34484638/serena-williams-first-round-win-brings-stars|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902131041/https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/34484638/serena-williams-first-round-win-brings-stars|archive-date=September 2, 2022|access-date=September 2, 2022|website=ESPN.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 31, 2022|title=Oprah Winfrey delivers beautiful tribute to retiring great Serena Williams|url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Serena_Williams/119756/oprah-winfrey-delivers-beautiful-tribute-to-retiring-great-serena-williams/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902160908/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Serena_Williams/119756/oprah-winfrey-delivers-beautiful-tribute-to-retiring-great-serena-williams/|archive-date=September 2, 2022|access-date=September 2, 2022|website=Tennis World USA}}</ref> Insyd de second round, na Williams upset world No. 2 Anett Kontaveit, wey she cam be de oldest woman insyd de Open Era make she defeat a top-three ranked player.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 September 2022|title=Serena Williams rolls back the years at US Open to beat No 2 seed Kontaveit|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/aug/31/serena-williams-beats-anett-kontaveit-us-open-tennis-third-round|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> She then loose to Ajla Tomljanović insyd wat na be ultimately ein final match.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Carayol|first=Tumaini|date=2022-09-03|title=Serena Williams went out the same way she came in: fighting like hell|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/sep/03/serena-williams-final-match-us-open-fighting-spirit|access-date=2024-03-20|work=The Guardian|issn=}}</ref> == Rivalries == === Serena vs. Venus === Serena play ein older sisto Venus insyd 31 professional matches wey start insyd 1998. Overall, Serena be 19–12 against ein sisto.<ref name="headtohead">{{cite web|date=April 22, 2009|title=Head to Head – Serena Williams vs Venus Williams|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/head2head/player1/9044/player2/9027|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129022820/http://www.wtatennis.com/head2head/player1/9044/player2/9027|archive-date=January 29, 2017|access-date=April 20, 2017|website=Women's Tennis Association (WTA)}}</ref> De pair play 15 times insyd Grand Slam singles den 13 times insyd oda tournaments (wey dey include 11 finals).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espn.com/espnw/news-commentary/slideshow/18550742/serena-vs-venus-rivalry-lifetime|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126223357/http://www.espn.com/espnw/news-commentary/slideshow/18550742/serena-vs-venus-rivalry-lifetime|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 26, 2017|title=14 major showdowns between tennis legends Serena Williams and Venus Williams|work=ESPN|access-date=12 October 2017}}</ref> Na dem meet insyd nine Grand Slam tournament finals, plus Serena win seven times. Dey begin plus de 2002 French Open, dem play each oda insyd four consecutive Grand Slam finals, wich na be de first time insyd de Open Era wey de same two players face off insyd four consecutive finals insyd Grand Slam singles.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tennis Grand Slam Men's Champions – Tennis Grand Slam Men's Champions|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/history|access-date=June 5, 2021|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Wen both de Williams sistos enter de top ten wey na dem start dey face off insyd tournaments, rumors of match fixing start dey circulate. John McEnroe, while he dey comment on de 2000 Wimbledon semifinal between de two sistos, say " Dem no fi allow make Serena win. Richard [Williams] fi get sam thing to say about dis."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Moscow-Pullman Daily News - Google News Archive Search|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2026&dat=20000705&id=2b8jAAAAIBAJ&sjid=29AFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1781,581859|access-date=2025-08-20|website=news.google.com}} </ref> After she loose to Venus at de Indian Wells quarterfinals insyd 2001, Elena Dementieva claim dat Richard Williams decide de results of matches between de sisters. Shortly after dat, Venus pull out of ein Indian Wells semifinal match against Serena at de last minute, dey claim tendinitis; na dis lead to much speculation insyd de press, wey na sam spectators demand dema money back.<ref>{{cite web|title=There's no evidence to prove the sisters tanked|url=https://www.espn.com/columns/kreidler/1158786.html|publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=July 6, 2015|title=New accusation of fixed matches between Serena, Venus Williams|url=http://www.sportsworldnews.com/articles/42575/20150706/wimbledon-rumors-new-accusation-of-fixed-matches-between-serena-venus-williams-video.htm|publisher=Sports World News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/atptour/3001048/Williams-denies-match-fixing-as-crowd-demand-refunds.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/atptour/3001048/Williams-denies-match-fixing-as-crowd-demand-refunds.html|archive-date=January 10, 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=Williams denies match-fixing as crowd demand refunds|work=The Telegraph|date=March 16, 2001|last=Parsons|first=John}}</ref> De final, insyd wich Serena defeat Kim Clijsters, na e be marred by de behavior of de crowd toward Williams den ein family.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rogers|first=Martin|date=March 19, 2009|title=Indian Wells boycott hurts Williamses more than it helps|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/tennis/blog/busted_racquet/post/Indian-Wells-boycott-hurts-Williamses-more-than-?urn=ten,149332|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204050557/http://sports.yahoo.com/tennis/blog/busted_racquet/post/Indian-Wells-boycott-hurts-Williamses-more-than-?urn=ten%2C149332|archive-date=February 4, 2015|work=Busted Racquet|publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> === Williams vs. Hingis === Na one of Williams ein first rivalries be plus Martina Hingis, wey turn pro less dan one year before am (Hingis insyd October 1994, Williams insyd 1995). Na dem first play each oda at de 1998 Miami Open wer na Hingis win insyd three sets. Na dem play all buh one of dema matches on a hard court plus de exception be a contest on clay insyd Rome insyd 1999, wich na Hingis win insyd straight sets. Na dema last match take place at de 2002 Miami Open, wich na Williams win.<ref>{{cite web|title=Players – WTA Tennis English|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/players/player/3491/title/martina-hingis|url-status=live|access-date=August 18, 2015|work=WTA Tennis|publisher=WTA}}</ref> Williams dey lead de rivalry 7–6.<ref>{{cite web|title=Head 2 Head – WTA Tennis English|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/head2head/player1/3491/player2/9044|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911214922/http://www.wtatennis.com/head2head/player1/3491/player2/9044|archive-date=September 11, 2015|access-date=August 18, 2015|website=WTA}}</ref> === Williams vs. Capriati === Williams dey lead de series against Jennifer Capriati 10–7.<ref name="wtatennis.com">{{cite web|title=Head 2 Head – WTA Tennis English|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/head2head/player1/1325/player2/9044|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031074058/http://www.wtatennis.com/head2head/player1/1325/player2/9044|archive-date=October 31, 2016|access-date=August 18, 2015|website=WTA}}</ref> De rivalry—wich begin insyd 1999 wey na dem once consider one of de best rivalries insyd women's tennis—start off one-sided, plus Capriati win four of de first five matches. Williams go on go win de next eight.<ref>{{cite web|last=Schoenfeld|first=Bruce|date=March 8, 2015|title=Jennifer Capriati: Too little, too late?|url=http://tennis-buzz.com/jennifer-capriati-too-little-too-late/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025173017/http://tennis-buzz.com/jennifer-capriati-too-little-too-late/|archive-date=October 25, 2016|access-date=August 18, 2015|website=TennisBuzz.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Clarke|first=Liz|date=June 30, 2004|title=It's Capriati, S. Williams In Rematch|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14758-2004Jun29.html|access-date=August 18, 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Na twelve of de pair ein seventeen meetings go three sets.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bondy|first=Filip|date=June 30, 2004|title=Jen, Serena Hot Stuff Respect With Power To Match|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/sports/jen-serena-hot-stuff-respect-power-match-article-1.554433|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025110824/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/sports/jen-serena-hot-stuff-respect-power-match-article-1.554433|archive-date=October 25, 2016|access-date=August 4, 2015|work=Daily News|location=New York}}</ref> === Williams vs. Henin === Na Justine Henin den Williams meet 14 times, na five of wich be insyd tournament finals. Insyd Grand Slam tournaments, na dem face each oda seven times, plus Henin dey lead 4–3.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|title=Head 2 Head – WTA Tennis English|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/head2head/player1/9044/player2/3541|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826083335/http://www.wtatennis.com/head2head/player1/9044/player2/3541|archive-date=August 26, 2015|access-date=August 18, 2015|publisher=WTA}}</ref> Na dem often credit de two women dema different personalities den styles of play plus dey make de rivalry entertaining.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/13/sports/tennis-a-potential-rivalry-of-opposites-arises.html|title=A Potential Rivalry of Opposites Arises|date=April 13, 2004|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wtatour/2296127/Serena-Williams-breaks-her-Justine-Henin-habit.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wtatour/2296127/Serena-Williams-breaks-her-Justine-Henin-habit.html|archive-date=January 10, 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=Serena Williams breaks her Justine Henin habit|first=Mark|last=Hodgkinson|date=April 2, 2008|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=August 18, 2015}}</ref> Williams dey lead de series 8–6. === Williams vs. Azarenka === Williams dey lead de series 18–5. De rivalry begin at de 2008 Australian Open, wey dema most recent match be insyd de semifinals of de 2020 US Open. Williams dey hold a 10–1 record insyd Grand Slams. Azarenka be de player per wey win four WTA tour-level finals against Williams, den, despite she win five matches per against Williams, dem consider am one of de few modern players wey truly challenge Williams.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rivalry record: Serena Williams vs Victoria Azarenka|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/photos/1820020/rivalry-record-serena-williams-vs-victoria-azarenka|access-date=October 18, 2020|website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> === Williams vs. Sharapova === Williams dey lead de series 20–2. Na de pair first meet insyd de fourth round of de 2004 Miami Open, wer na Williams defeat Sharapova. Na dema rivalry truly begin at de 2004 Wimbledon final, wer na Williams be de two-time defending champion; Sharapova best am insyd an upset. Williams next loose to Sharapova insyd de finals of de 2004 WTA Tour Championships. Since then, however, na Williams dominate de rivalry, wey she win all of dema clashes, plus na three per of dema matches go to three sets. Na dem meet 10 times insyd Grand Slam tournaments, wer na Williams dey lead 9–1. Na dem face off insyd a further nine finals, plus Williams dey lead 7–2. Na dema final match be insyd de first round of de 2019 US Open, wer na Williams defeat Sharapova insyd two sets. == Legacy == Na dem dey regard Williams as one of de best female tennis players of all time. Insyd 2017, na BBC Sport users select Williams as de greatest female tennis player of de Open Era. Insyd 2018, na a Tennis.com panel arrive at de same conclusion.<ref>{{cite web|title=GOAT Vote: Steffi or Serena? 'The Ten' went one way; you went another|url=http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2018/11/goat-vote-steffi-or-serena-ten-went-one-way-you-went-another/78127/}}</ref> Chaw players, commentators, den sports writers regard Williams as de greatest female tennis player of all time.Insyd 2018, ma Roger Federer say de player wey probably get de best case for "Greatest Of All Time", man anaa woman, be Serena Williams.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tandon|first=Kamakshi|date=May 27, 2018|title=Roger Federer on the tennis GOAT debate: overall, it's Serena Williams|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/roger-federer-on-the-tennis-goat-debate-overall-it-s-serena-williams|access-date=June 15, 2021|website=Tennis.com}}</ref> Insyd 2020, de Tennis Channel rank Williams as de greatest female tennis player insyd history.<ref name=":3"/> Insyd 2022, McEnroe describe Williams as an "icon" den de "GOAT of GOATs".<ref>{{cite web|last=Shitole|first=Sarthak|date=September 2, 2022|title="Has there ever been anywhere a better athlete than her," John McEnroe puts Serena Williams ahead of Michael Jordan and Tom Brady calling her "GOAT of GOAT's" » FirstSportz|url=https://firstsportz.com/tennis-news-has-there-ever-been-anywhere-a-better-athlete-than-her-john-mcenroe-puts-serena-williams-ahead-of-michael-jordan-and-tom-brady-calling-her-goat-of-goats/|access-date=October 20, 2022|website=firstsportz.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 24, 2022|title=Serena seen as icon with Ali by fellow US tennis legends|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220824-serena-seen-as-icon-with-ali-by-fellow-us-tennis-legends|access-date=October 20, 2022|website=France 24}}</ref> Na BBC presenter den former French Open Champion Sue Barker call Williams ein serve "without question de greatest ever".<ref name=":1">{{cite news|year=2017|title=Serena Williams picked as greatest female player of the Open Era by BBC Sport users|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/38802221|access-date=October 12, 2017|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> Williams win de Laureus World Sports Award for Sportswoman of de Year a record four times (2003, 2010, 2016, 2018).<ref name="Love">{{cite web|date=23 March 2019|title=Why We Love Serena Williams|url=https://leadingladiesafrica.org/serena-williams-bumble-advert-is-teaching-women-to-ditch-patience/|access-date=22 December 2023|website=leadingladiesafrica.org}}</ref> Insyd December 2019, na de Associated Press name am Female Athlete of de Decade for de 2010s.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 28, 2019|title=Serena named AP Female Athlete of the Decade|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/28382914/serena-williams-takes-home-ap-female-athlete-decade-honors|access-date=December 30, 2019|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Insyd 2024, de International Sports Press Association (AIPS) vote am as de best female athlete of de past 100 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Serena Williams and Muhammad Ali crowned AIPS Best Champions of the Century: As voted by 913 journalists|url=https://www.aipsmedia.com/aips/pages/articles/2024/35697.html|accessdate=November 6, 2024|publisher=AIPS}}</ref> She be de highest-earning woman athlete of all time.<ref name="Forbes21"/> For dema first match insyd March 2019, de members of de United States women's national soccer team each wear a jersey plus de name of a woman wey inspire dem on de back. Crystal Dunn choose Serena Williams.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ennis|first=Dawn|date=March 4, 2019|title=Lesbian icons honored with jerseys worn by USWNT|url=https://www.outsports.com/2019/3/4/18248520/lesbian-icons-honored-with-jerseys-worn-uswnt|access-date=March 4, 2019|publisher=Outsports}}</ref> Insyd September 2022, na Twitter say dat na Williams be de most tweeted-about female athlete of all time.<ref>{{cite web|date=September 3, 2022|title=Serena Williams is most tweeted-about female athlete ever, Twitter says|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/serena-williams-tweeted-female-athlete-ever-twitter-says-rcna46202|access-date=September 5, 2022|publisher=NBC News}}</ref> Na dem widely credit am den Venus plus increasing diversity within de sport.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kim|first=Kayla|date=September 9, 2022|title=Saying Goodbye to Serena: Reflecting on Williams' Legacy|url=https://oberlinreview.org/27350/sports/saying-goodbye-to-serena-reflecting-on-williams-legacy/|access-date=October 20, 2022|website=The Oberlin Review}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Zagoria|first=Adam|date=September 2, 2022|title=Serena Williams May Be Retiring, But Her Legacy And GOAT Status Will Live On Forever|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamzagoria/2022/09/02/serena-williams-may-be-retiring-but-her-legacy-and-goat-status-will-live-on-forever/|access-date=October 20, 2022|website=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=September 11, 2015|title=Serena Williams' lasting influence on young black athletes|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-us-canada-34229415|access-date=October 20, 2022|publisher=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Player profile == === Playing style === Na Williams be an aggressive baseliner wey ein game dey centere around ein powerful serve den forceful groundstrokes. Dey owe to ein high-risk playing style, she typically hit a large number of winners den a large number of unforced errors. Williams ein serve—wich dem consider de greatest insyd de history of women dema tennis<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bodo|first=Peter|date=2015-07-11|title=Bodo: Five ways Serena Williams excels|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/wimbledon15/story/_/id/13238613/wimbledon-five-things-serena-williams-excels-at|access-date=2024-03-20|website=ESPN|language=en}}</ref>—be known for ein speed den accurate placement, wich allow am to deliver numerous aces. At de 2013 Australian Open, she deliver de third-fastest serve insyd WTA recorded history, a 128.6&nbsp;mph (207&nbsp;km/h) ace against Ayumi Morita.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/3935300/serena-williams-2/|title=The Most Exceptional Athlete: Serena Williams|magazine=Time|date=June 25, 2015|access-date=October 7, 2021|archive-date=October 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007201335/https://time.com/3935300/serena-williams/|url-status=live}}</ref> Na Williams possess an accurate den consistent ball toss, wey allow am to serve to any position on de court plus minimal differences insyd de position of de ball insyd de air; na dis make am difficult for opponents make dem read ein service motion den predict de position of ein serve, wey dey allow am to dominate a rally from de first stroke.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/sports/sporting-scene/how-serena-williams-used-the-most-beautiful-service-toss-in-tennis-to-beat-her-sister-venus-at-the-us-open|title=How Serena Williams used the most beautiful service toss in tennis to beat her sister Venus at the U.S. Open|magazine=The New Yorker|last=Marzorati|first=Gerald|date=September 1, 2018|access-date=October 7, 2021|archive-date=July 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727070545/https://www.newyorker.com/sports/sporting-scene/how-serena-williams-used-the-most-beautiful-service-toss-in-tennis-to-beat-her-sister-venus-at-the-us-open|url-status=live}}</ref> Williams sanso possess effective den accurate kick den slice serves. She deploy dese as second serves, wey dey minimize double faults den dey prevent opponents from scoring free points.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|last1=Cheng|first1=Shirley|last2=Hunt|first2=Bob|date=June 4, 2021|title=We asked a physicist to break down Serena Williams' iconic serve|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/serena-williams-serve-dominates-tennis-wins-served-games-2019-8?r=US&IR=T|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007201548/https://www.businessinsider.com/serena-williams-serve-dominates-tennis-wins-served-games-2019-8?r=US&IR=T|archive-date=October 7, 2021|access-date=October 7, 2021|work=Business Insider}}</ref> Dem dey consider Williams ein forehand den backhand two of de most powerful shots insyd de history of women dema tennis.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Peter|first1=Naveen|date=October 5, 2021|title=From Steffi Graf's Golden Slam to Roger Federer's unrelenting run, the best from the world of tennis|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/top-tennis-players-best-men-women-rank-greatest-all-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007201338/https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/top-tennis-players-best-men-women-rank-greatest-all-time|archive-date=October 7, 2021|access-date=October 7, 2021|work=Olympic Games}}</ref> She hit both ein forehand den ein backhand insyd an open stance, wey dey allow am to generate consistently powerful, heavy, den dominating groundstrokes. Na she be able to generate sharp, acute angles, wich allow am make she hit winners from any position on de court.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bodo|first1=Peter|date=September 20, 2013|title=Techniques and tactics by Serena|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/techniques-and-tactics-by-serena|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007201549/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/techniques-and-tactics-by-serena|archive-date=October 7, 2021|access-date=October 7, 2021|work=Tennis}}</ref> Na ein forehand—wich na e be described as "devastating"—na e hit plus heavy topspin, wich allow am make she dominate rallies.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Abulleil|first=Reem|date=July 13, 2018|title=Kerber v Williams: How each could win|url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007201336/https://www.wimbledon.com/amp/en_GB/news/articles/2018-07-13/kerber_v_williams_how_each_could_win.html|archive-date=October 7, 2021|access-date=March 20, 2024|website=www.wimbledon.com}}</ref> Na she be capable of hitting ein forehand both crosscourt den down de line to produce winners.<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. Open 2014: Serena Williams, Maria Sharapova and Sam Stosur Among Best Tennis Strokes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/25/sports/tennis/us-open-2014-serena-williams-maria-sharapova-and-agnieszka-radwanska-among-best-tennis-strokes.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 24, 2014|access-date=July 29, 2015|issn=0362-4331|first=Christopher|last=Clarey|archive-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507035558/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/25/sports/tennis/us-open-2014-serena-williams-maria-sharapova-and-agnieszka-radwanska-among-best-tennis-strokes.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Na ein two-handed backhand equally be dominant, wey na dem describe dem as one of de greatest backhands of all time.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 27, 2021|title=Wimbledon 2021 experts' picks: Novak Djokovic vs. the field, and can Serena Williams notch her 24th Slam?|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/story/_/id/31709195/wimbledon-2021-experts-picks-novak-djokovic-vs-field-serena-williams-notch-24th-slam|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007201338/https://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/story/_/id/31709195/wimbledon-2021-experts-picks-novak-djokovic-vs-field-serena-williams-notch-24th-slam|archive-date=October 7, 2021|access-date=October 7, 2021|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Williams tend to hit ein backhand flatter dan ein forehand, wich allow am make she hit plus speed, power, den depth both crosscourt den down de line. Despite she play primarily from de baseline, na Williams be an adept net player thanks to ein extensive doubles experience. She frequently choose to finish points at de net, either plus deft touch, aggressive drive volleys, anaa a solid, powerful, den reliable overhead smash.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/28/sports/tennis/wimbledon-volley-serve.html|title=The Volley, Once a Huge Part of the Game, Is in Decline|work=The New York Times|date=June 28, 2019|access-date=June 29, 2020}}</ref> She possesse an aggressive return of serve; she neutralize powerful first serves, wey she attack weak second serves. She be widely considered one of de greatest returners of all time.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bodo|first1=Peter|date=July 11, 2015|title=Serena Williams far more than just a serving machine|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/wimbledon15/story/_/id/13238613/wimbledon-five-things-serena-williams-excels-at|url-status=live|access-date=October 7, 2021|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Despite she predominantly employ an aggressive style, na Williams sanso be an excellent defender wey na she be capable of counterpunching against aggressive opponents til she create an opportunity to hit a winner. Na she be an exceptional athlete, dem know for ein movement, speed, court coverage, agility, flexibility, balance, den footwork. Ein on-court intelligence, shot selection, den point construction allow am make she execute ein game plan effectively.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wilson|first1=Patrick|date=August 31, 2015|title=Serena Williams is the best because of her brains – not just her body|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/aug/31/serena-williams-best-because-brains-not-body|url-status=live|access-date=October 7, 2021|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Na American tennis player Christina McHale praise ein composure insyd high-pressure moments, while na Martina Navratilova call ein mental strength "unbelievable".<ref>{{cite web|last1=McHale|first1=Christina|date=July 28, 2016|title=The five toughest players I've ever faced|url=https://www.theplayerstribune.com/articles/christina-mchale-tennis-five-toughest-opponents|url-status=live|access-date=October 7, 2021|work=The Players' Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Wertheim|first1=Lewis Jon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdDvCAAAQBAJ|title=This is Your Brain on Sports: The Science of Underdogs, the Value of Rivalry, and What We Can Learn from the T-Shirt Cannon|last2=Sommers|first2=Samuel|publisher=Crown Publishing Group|year=2016|isbn=978-0553447422|page=162|author-link1=|author-link2=}}</ref> Na dem note Williams for ein ability to produce extraordinary comebacks, particularly at de Grand Slam level. She win three Slams after she save match points, more dan any oda player insyd history.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 5, 2012|title=Grand slam champions who saved match points (from 2000).|url=http://www.tennisplanet.me/blog/2012/06/grand-slam-champions-who-saved-match-points-from-2000-is-Djokovic-about-to-make-his-second-entry-her.html|work=Tennisplanet.me}}</ref> Williams bounce back from a set down make she win 37 Grand Slam matches. Na dem describe ein ability to cam back from set den break deficits insyd Grand Slam matches by McEnroe as "a gift", wey na he call am "de greatest" competitor insyd de history of women's tennis.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 2015|title=John McEnroe says Serena Williams' mental toughness has improved with age|url=https://tennisnow.com/Blogs/NET-POSTS/June-2015/John-McEnroe-Says-Serena-Williams%E2%80%99-Mental-Toughnes.aspx|access-date=October 7, 2021|work=Tennis Now}}</ref> Na dem sanso praise am for ein ability to serve aces at critical moments. As na retired player Li Na note insyd 2016, "break point down, [der be an] 80% chance [she] dey serve an ace".<ref>{{cite web|date=February 11, 2016|title=WTA Legends Build the Perfect WTA Player|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xqArCAnp-M&t=36s|url-status=live|access-date=October 7, 2021|work=Women's Tennis Association on YouTube}}</ref> === Coaches === Na Williams get five coaches during ein career: Richard Williams (1994–2022), Oracene Price (1994–2003), Patrick Mouratoglou (2012–2022), Eric Hechtman (2022) den Rennae Stubbs (2022).<ref>{{cite web|date=June 26, 2022|title=Sunday Slice: Serena Debuts New Team, Denis Shapovalov Celebrates Anniversary at Wimbledon|url=https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/sunday-slice-serena-williams-new-team-denis-shapovalov-celebrates-anniversary|access-date=June 28, 2022|work=Tennis.com}}</ref> === Endorsements === Na Williams graduate from Driftwood Academy insyd 1999, den soon after she sign a $12 million endorsement deal plus Puma.<ref name="Museum">{{cite web|title=Serena Williams – National Women's History Museum|url=https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/serena-williams|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.womenshistory.org}}</ref> Insyd 2004, she sign a five-year deal plus Nike for $40 million, wey na she be sponsored by de company ever since.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Upasani|first=Atharva|date=2024-04-24|title=Serena Williams Nike contract: How the American icon set herself up for life with a one-of-a-kind partnership deal|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/tennis/serena-williams-nike-contract-how-american-icon-set-life-one-of-a-kind-partnership-deal|access-date=2024-05-28|website=Sportskeeda}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ackerman|first=Alyssa|date=2022-08-31|title=Serena and the Swoosh: A Legacy Unmatched|url=https://hypebae.com/2022/8/serena-wiliams-nike-tennis-us-open-retirement-op-ed|access-date=2024-05-28|website=Hypebae}}</ref> During Williams ein tennis career, Nike design custom clothing den footwear give am. De largest building on Nike ein Portland campus be de one-million-square-foot Serena Williams Building, wich dey feature chaw references to de athlete ein career den long partnership plus Nike.<ref>{{cite web|title=Serena Williams Building at Nike World Headquarters|url=https://serenawilliamsbuilding.nike.com/|access-date=January 23, 2023|website=Serena Williams Building at Nike World Headquarters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002232341/https://serenawilliamsbuilding.nike.com/|archive-date=October 2, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Serena Williams Building, Skylab Architecture|url=https://skylabarchitecture.com/work/nikewhq/|access-date=January 23, 2023|website=Skylab Architecture}}</ref> According to John Hoke, Nike ein Chief Design Officer, na Williams assist plus de design of de building.<ref>{{cite web|last=Newcomb|first=Tim|title=Nike Opens Design-Focused Serena Williams Building, Largest Office Building On Oregon Campus|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/timnewcomb/2022/04/27/nike-opens-design-focused-serena-williams-building-largest-office-building-on-oregon-campus/|access-date=January 23, 2023|website=Forbes}}</ref> Insyd 2015, Williams cam be de Chief Sporting Officer give British luxury car manufacturer Aston Martin, den insyd 2018 she join de board of directors of SurveyMonkey.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 25, 2015|title=Serena Williams: Chief Sports Officer for Aston Martin!|url=http://www.tennisworldusa.org/news/news/Serena_Williams/24641/serena-williams-chief-sports-officer-for-aston-martin/|access-date=June 18, 2017|publisher=Tennis World USA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=June 25, 2015|title=Serena Williams Named Chief Sporting Officer For Aston Martin|url=http://www.informationng.com/2015/06/serena-williams-named-chief-sporting-officer-aston-martin.html|access-date=June 18, 2017|publisher=Information Nigeria}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tennis Star Serena Williams Joins SurveyMonkey's Board|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/24/tennis-star-serena-williams-joins-surveymonkeys-board/|access-date=November 30, 2018|work=TechCrunch}}</ref> During ein career, na Williams get endorsement deals plus AbbVie, Anheuser-Busch InBev, AT&T, Audemars Piguet, Beats by Dre, Berlei Bras, Block Inc, Bumble, Chase Bank, Delta Air Lines, DirecTV, DoorDash, Ford Motor, Gatorade, Gucci, Hanes, IBM, Intel, Mission Athletecare, OnePiece, OPI Products, Pepsi, Subway, Tempur, Tonal den de Walt Disney Company.<ref name="Forbes21"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Livaudais|first=Stephanie|date=August 11, 2022|title=#tbt, Money Moves: How Serena Williams set herself up for life after retirement|url=https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/tbt-serena-williams-endorsements-sponsors-prize-money-investing|access-date=February 9, 2023|website=Tennis.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|date=September 3, 2022|title=As Tennis queen bows out, a look at brand Serena Williams and what she was worth|url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/tennis-news/as-tennis-queen-bows-out-a-look-at-brand-serena-williams-and-what-she-was-worth-11662184229911.html|access-date=February 9, 2023|website=mint}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Browley|first=Jasmine|date=August 10, 2022|title=A Look At Serena Williams' Biggest Boss Moves|url=https://www.essence.com/news/money-career/serena-williams-tennis-retirement-vogue-investment-black-woman/|access-date=February 9, 2023|website=Essence|language=en-US}}</ref> === Rackets === Na Williams use de Wilson Hammer Stretch range of rackets wen na she win ein first Grand Slam title insyd 1999, before she switch to de Hyper Hammer range.<ref>{{cite web|date=August 28, 2000|title=What They're Wearing (And Hitting With) At The U.S. Open|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2000/08/20000828/No-Topic-Name/WHAT-THEYRE-WEARING-AND-HITTING-WITH-AT-THE-US-OPEN.aspx|access-date=September 10, 2014|publisher=SportsBusiness Journal}}</ref> She switch to de Wilson nCode briefly insyd 2005, wey na she use various iterations of de Wilson Blade since 2008. Ein racket be typically oversized, plus a head size of 104 square inches. Since 2017, Wilson manufacture a signature racket, de Wilson Blade SW104, wich na dem design am to Williams ein specifications. Since 2020, na Williams use a smaller variant of dis racket, de Wilson Blade SW102 Autograph.<ref>{{cite web|date=April 30, 2020|title=Serena Williams' 23 Grand Slams in Pictures|url=https://www.wilson.com/en-us/blog/tennis/throwback/serena-williams-23-grand-slams-pictures|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026224659/https://www.wilson.com/en-us/blog/tennis/throwback/serena-williams-23-grand-slams-pictures|archive-date=October 26, 2021|access-date=January 12, 2021|work=Wilson Sporting Goods}}</ref> == Career statistics == === Grand Slam tournament performance timeline === ''Current thru de 2022 US Open.''<div style="overflow: auto;"> {| class="wikitable nowrap" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%" !Tournament !1998 !1999 !2000 !2001 !2002 !2003 !2004 !2005 !2006 !2007 !2008 !2009 !2010 !2011 !2012 !2013 !2014 ![[2015 WTA Tour|2015]] ![[2016 WTA Tour|2016]] ![[2017 WTA Tour|2017]] ![[2018 WTA Tour|2018]] ![[2019 WTA Tour|2019]] ![[2020 WTA Tour|2020]] ![[2021 WTA Tour|2021]] ![[2022 WTA Tour|2022]] ! width="50" |{{Tooltip|SR|Strike rate}} ! width="50" |{{Tooltip|W–L|Win–loss}} ! width="40" |Win % |- | style="text-align:left;" |Australian Open | style="background:#afeeee;" |2R | style="background:#afeeee;" |3R | style="background:#afeeee;" |4R | style="background:#ffebcd;" |QF |A | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' |A | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' | style="background:#afeeee;" |3R | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' | style="background:#ffebcd;" |QF | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' |A | style="background:#afeeee;" |4R | style="background:#ffebcd;" |QF | style="background:#afeeee;" |4R | style="background:lime;" |[[2015 Australian Open – Women's singles|'''W''']] | style="background:thistle;" |[[2016 Australian Open – Women's singles|F]] | style="background:lime;" |[[2017 Australian Open – Women's singles|'''W''']] |A | style="background:#ffebcd;" |[[2019 Australian Open – Women's singles|QF]] | style="background:#afeeee;" |[[2020 Australian Open – Women's singles|3R]] | style="background:yellow;" |[[2021 Australian Open – Women's singles|SF]] |A | style="background:#efefef;" |7 / 20 | style="background:#efefef;" |92–13 | style="background:#efefef;" |{{tennis win percentage|won=92|lost=13|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left;" |French Open | style="background:#afeeee;" |4R | style="background:#afeeee;" |3R |A | style="background:#ffebcd;" |QF | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' | style="background:yellow;" |SF | style="background:#ffebcd;" |QF |A |A | style="background:#ffebcd;" |QF | style="background:#afeeee;" |3R | style="background:#ffebcd;" |QF | style="background:#ffebcd;" |QF |A | style="background:#afeeee;" |1R | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' | style="background:#afeeee;" |2R | style="background:lime;" |[[2015 French Open – Women's singles|'''W''']] | style="background:thistle;" |[[2016 French Open – Women's singles|F]] |A | style="background:#afeeee;" |[[2018 French Open – Women's singles|4R]] | style="background:#afeeee;" |[[2019 French Open – Women's singles|3R]] | style="background:#afeeee;" |[[2020 French Open – Women's singles|2R]] | style="background:#afeeee;" |[[2021 French Open – Women's singles|4R]] |A | style="background:#efefef;" |3 / 19 | style="background:#efefef;" |69–14 | style="background:#efefef;" |{{tennis win percentage|won=69|lost=14|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left;" |Wimbledon | style="background:#afeeee;" |3R |A | style="background:yellow;" |SF | style="background:#ffebcd;" |QF | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' | style="background:thistle;" |F | style="background:#afeeee;" |3R |A | style="background:#ffebcd;" |QF | style="background:thistle;" |F | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' | style="background:#afeeee;" |4R | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' | style="background:#afeeee;" |4R | style="background:#afeeee;" |3R | style="background:lime;" |[[2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|'''W''']] | style="background:lime;" |[[2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|'''W''']] |A | style="background:thistle;" |[[2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|F]] | style="background:thistle;" |[[2019 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|F]] | style="color:#767676;" |NH | style="background:#afeeee;" |[[2021 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|1R]] | style="background:#afeeee;" |[[2022 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|1R]] | style="background:#efefef;" |7 / 21 | style="background:#efefef;" |98–14 | style="background:#efefef;" |{{tennis win percentage|won=98|lost=14|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left;" |US Open | style="background:#afeeee;" |3R | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' | style="background:#ffebcd;" |QF | style="background:thistle;" |F | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' |A | style="background:#ffebcd;" |QF | style="background:#afeeee;" |4R | style="background:#afeeee;" |4R | style="background:#ffebcd;" |QF | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' | style="background:yellow;" |SF |A | style="background:thistle;" |F | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' | style="background:lime;" |'''W''' | style="background:yellow;" |[[2015 US Open – Women's singles|SF]] | style="background:yellow;" |[[2016 US Open – Women's singles|SF]] |A | style="background:thistle;" |[[2018 US Open – Women's singles|F]] | style="background:thistle;" |[[2019 US Open – Women's singles|F]] | style="background:yellow;" |[[2020 US Open – Women's singles|SF]] |A | style="background:#afeeee;" |[[2022 US Open – Women's singles|3R]] | style="background:#efefef;" |6 / 21 | style="background:#efefef;" |108–15 | style="background:#efefef;" |{{tennis win percentage|won=108|lost=15|integer=yes}} |- style="font-weight:bold;background:#efefef;" | style="text-align:left" |Win–loss |8–4 |11–2 |12–3 |18–4 |21–0 |19–1 |14–3 |12–2 |5–2 |19–3 |19–3 |23–2 |18–1 |9–2 |17–2 |21–2 |13–3 |26–1 |24–3 |7–0 |15–2 |18–4 |8–2 |8–3 |3–2 |23 / 81 |367–56 |{{tennis win percentage|won=367|lost=56|integer=yes}} |} </div><small>Note: ''Williams withdraw from de 2018 French Open before ein fourth round match den de 2020 French Open before ein second round match, both of wich no dey officially count as losses.''</small> === Grand Slam tournament finals === ==== Singles: 33 (23–10) ==== {| class="sortable wikitable" !Result !Year ! style="width:140px;" |Championship !Surface ! style="width:160px" |Opponent ! class="unsortable" |Score |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |1999 | style="background:#ccf;" |US Open |Hard |Martina Hingis |6–3, 7–6^(7–4) |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2001 | style="background:#ccf;" |US Open |Hard |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |2–6, 4–6 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2002 | style="background:#ebc2af;" |French Open |Clay |{{Flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |7–5, 6–3 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2002 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon |Grass |{{Flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |7–6^(7–4), 6–3 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2002 | style="background:#ccf;" |US Open <small>(2)</small> |Hard |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |6–4, 6–3 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2003 | style="background:#ffc;" |Australian Open |Hard |{{Flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |7–6^(7–4), 3–6, 6–4 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2003 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon <small>(2)</small> |Grass |{{Flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |4–6, 6–4, 6–2 |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2004 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon |Grass |Maria Sharapova |1–6, 4–6 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2005 | style="background:#ffc;" |Australian Open <small>(2)</small> |Hard |{{Flagicon|USA}} Lindsay Davenport |2–6, 6–3, 6–0 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2007 | style="background:#ffc;" |Australian Open <small>(3)</small> |Hard |Maria Sharapova |6–1, 6–2 |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2008 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon |Grass |{{Flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |5–7, 4–6 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2008 | style="background:#ccf;" |US Open <small>(3)</small> |Hard |Jelena Janković |6–4, 7–5 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2009 | style="background:#ffc;" |Australian Open <small>(4)</small> |Hard |Dinara Safina |6–0, 6–3 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2009 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon <small>(3)</small> |Grass |{{Flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |7–6^(7–3), 6–2 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2010 | style="background:#ffc;" |Australian Open <small>(5)</small> |Hard |Justine Henin |6–4, 3–6, 6–2 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2010 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon <small>(4)</small> |Grass |Vera Zvonareva |6–3, 6–2 |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2011 | style="background:#ccf;" |US Open |Hard |Samantha Stosur |2–6, 3–6 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2012 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon <small>(5)</small> |Grass |Agnieszka Radwańska |6–1, 5–7, 6–2 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2012 | style="background:#ccf;" |US Open <small>(4)</small> |Hard |Victoria Azarenka |6–2, 2–6, 7–5 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2013 | style="background:#ebc2af;" |French Open <small>(2)</small> |Clay |Maria Sharapova |6–4, 6–4 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2013 | style="background:#ccf;" |US Open <small>(5)</small> |Hard |Victoria Azarenka |7–5, 6–7^(6–8), 6–1 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2014 | style="background:#ccf;" |US Open <small>(6)</small> |Hard |Caroline Wozniacki |6–3, 6–3 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2015 | style="background:#ffc;" |Australian Open <small>(6)</small> |Hard |Maria Sharapova |6–3, 7–6^(7–5) |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2015 | style="background:#ebc2af;" |French Open <small>(3)</small> |Clay |{{flagicon|CZE}} Lucie Šafářová |6–3, 6–7^(2–7), 6–2 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2015 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon <small>(6)</small> |Grass |Garbiñe Muguruza |6–4, 6–4 |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2016 | style="background:#ffc;" |Australian Open |Hard |{{flagicon|GER}} Angelique Kerber |4–6, 6–3, 4–6 |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2016 | style="background:#ebc2af;" |French Open |Clay |Garbiñe Muguruza |5–7, 4–6 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2016 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon <small>(7)</small> |Grass |{{Flagicon|GER}} Angelique Kerber |7–5, 6–3 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2017 | style="background:#ffc;" |Australian Open <small>(7)</small> |Hard |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |6–4, 6–4 |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2018 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon |Grass |{{Flagicon|GER}} Angelique Kerber |3–6, 3–6 |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2018 | style="background:#ccf;" |US Open |Hard |Naomi Osaka |2–6, 4–6 |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2019 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon |Grass |Simona Halep |2–6, 2–6 |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2019 | style="background:#ccf;" |US Open |Hard |Bianca Andreescu |3–6, 5–7 |} ==== Doubles: 14 (14–0) ==== {| class="sortable wikitable" !Result !Year ! style="width:140px;" |Championship !Surface ! style="width:160px" |Partner ! style="width:160px" |Opponents ! style="width:130px" class="unsortable" |Score |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |1999 | style="background:#ebc2af;" |French Open |Clay |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |Martina Hingis Anna Kournikova |6–3, 6–7^(2–7), 8–6 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |1999 | style="background:#ccf;" |US Open |Hard |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |{{flagicon|USA}} Chanda Rubin Sandrine Testud |4–6, 6–1, 6–4 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2000 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon |Grass |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |Julie Halard-Decugis Ai Sugiyama |6–3, 6–2 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2001 | style="background:#ffc;" |Australian Open |Hard |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |{{flagicon|USA}} Lindsay Davenport {{flagicon|USA}} Corina Morariu |6–2, 2–6, 6–4 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2002 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon <small>(2)</small> |Grass |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |Virginia Ruano Pascual Paola Suárez |6–2, 7–5 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2003 | style="background:#ffc;" |Australian Open <small>(2)</small> |Hard |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |Virginia Ruano Pascual Paola Suárez |4–6, 6–4, 6–3 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2008 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon <small>(3)</small> |Grass |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |{{flagicon|USA}} Lisa Raymond Samantha Stosur |6–2, 6–2 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2009 | style="background:#ffc;" |Australian Open <small>(3)</small> |Hard |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |Daniela Hantuchová Ai Sugiyama |6–3, 6–3 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2009 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon <small>(4)</small> |Grass |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |Samantha Stosur Rennae Stubbs |7–6^(7–4), 6–4 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2009 | style="background:#ccf;" |US Open <small>(2)</small> |Hard |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |Cara Black {{flagicon|USA}} Liezel Huber |6–2, 6–2 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2010 | style="background:#ffc;" |Australian Open <small>(4)</small> |Hard |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |Cara Black {{flagicon|USA}} Liezel Huber |6–4, 6–3 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2010 | style="background:#ebc2af;" |French Open <small>(2)</small> |Clay |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |{{flagicon|CZE}} Květa Peschke Katarina Srebotnik |6–2, 6–3 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2012 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon <small>(5)</small> |Grass |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |{{flagicon|CZE}} Andrea Hlaváčková {{flagicon|CZE}} Lucie Hradecká |7–5, 6–4 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2016 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon <small>(6)</small> |Grass |{{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |Tímea Babos Yaroslava Shvedova |6–3, 6–4 |} ==== Mixed doubles: 4 (2–2) ==== {| class="sortable wikitable" !Result !Year ! style="width:140px" |Championship !Surface ! style="width:160px" |Partner ! style="width:160px" |Opponents ! style="width:130px" class="unsortable" |Score |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |1998 | style="background:#ebc2af;" |French Open |Clay |Luis Lobo |{{flagicon|USA}} Justin Gimelstob {{flagicon|USA}} Venus Williams |4–6, 4–6 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |1998 | style="background:#cfc;" |Wimbledon |Grass |Max Mirnyi |Mahesh Bhupathi {{flagicon|CRO}} Mirjana Lučić |6–4, 6–4 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |1998 | style="background:#ccf;" |US Open |Hard |Max Mirnyi |{{flagicon|USA}} Patrick Galbraith {{flagicon|USA}} Lisa Raymond |6–2, 6–2 |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |1999 | style="background:#ffc;" |Australian Open |Hard |Max Mirnyi |David Adams Mariaan de Swardt |4–6, 6–4, 6–7^(5–7) |} == Records == * Records insyd '''bold''' dey indicate peer-less achievements. {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" !Time span !Selected Grand Slam tournament records !Players matched |- |1998 Australian Open – 2022 US Open |She win 367 matches at all four majors |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |1999 US Open – 2003 Australian Open |Career Grand Slam insyd singles |Doris Hart Maureen Connolly Shirley Fry Margaret Court Billie Jean King Chris Evert Martina Navratilova Steffi Graf Maria Sharapova |- |1999 US Open – 2012 Olympics |Career Golden Slam insyd singles |Steffi Graf |- |1999 French Open – 2003 Australian Open |Career Grand Slam insyd both singles den doubles |Doris Hart Shirley Fry Margaret Court Martina Navratilova |- |1999 French Open – 2012 Olympics |Career Golden Slam insyd both singles den doubles |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |1999 US Open – 2017 Australian Open |Thirteen hardcourt major singles titles |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |2012 Olympics – 2015 Wimbledon |Simultaneous holder of Olympic singles gold den all four majors insyd singles |Steffi Graf |- |2008 Olympics – 2010 French Open |Simultaneous holder of Olympic doubles gold den all four majors insyd doubles (plus [[Venus Williams]]) |Pam Shriver Gigi Fernández [[Venus Williams]] Barbora Krejčíková Kateřina Siniaková |- |2008 Olympics – 2015 Wimbledon |Simultaneous holder of Olympic gold den all four majors insyd both singles den doubles |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |1999 French Open – 2012 Olympics |Double Career Golden Slam (2+ titles at all four majors & Olympic golds) insyd doubles (plus [[Venus Williams]]) |Gigi Fernández [[Venus Williams]] |- |2002 French Open – 2003 Australian Open |Winner of non-calendar year Grand Slam |Maureen Connolly Margaret Court Martina Navratilova Steffi Graf |- |2002 French Open – 2015 Wimbledon |Winner of two non-calendar year Grand Slams |Steffi Graf |- |2002 French Open – 2010 French Open |Winner of non-calendar year Grand Slams insyd both singles den doubles |Martina Navratilova |- |2002 French Open – 2016 Wimbledon |Winner of 10+ major singles titles insyd two separate decades (10 from 2000 to 2009 den 12 from 2010 to 2017) |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |2002 French Open – 2013 French Open |Winner of all four major singles titles insyd two separate decades |Margaret Court Steffi Graf |- |1999 US Open – 2013 French Open |Winner of major singles titles insyd three decades |Blanche Bingley Martina Navratilova |- |1999 French Open – 2016 Wimbledon |First 14 major doubles finals won (plus [[Venus Williams]]) |[[Venus Williams]] |- |1999 US Open – 2015 French Open |Triple Career Grand Slam (3+ titles at all four Grand Slams) insyd singles |Margaret Court Steffi Graf |- |1999 US Open – 2013 French Open |Double Career Grand Slam insyd both singles den doubles |Margaret Court Martina Navratilova |- |1999 US Open – 2015 Wimbledon |6+ titles at three different majors (Australian Open, Wimbledon, den US Open) |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |2002 Wimbledon – 2017 Australian Open |7+ titles at two different majors (Australian Open den Wimbledon) |Helen Wills |- |2012 Wimbledon – 2015 Australian Open |Career Grand Slam insyd singles after age 30 |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |2012 Wimbledon – 2015 Australian Open |Career Golden Slam insyd singles after age 30 |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |2012 Wimbledon – 2017 Australian Open |Double Career Grand Slam insyd singles after age 30 |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |2012 Wimbledon – 2017 Australian Open |Ten major singles titles after age 30 |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |2012 Australian Open – 2017 Australian Open |3 finals at each of de four majors since turning 30 |'''Dey stand alone''' |} {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" !Grand Slam tournaments !Time span !Records at each Grand Slam tournament !Players matched |- |Australian Open |2007 |Unseeded winner of singles title |Chris O'Neil |- |Australian Open |2003–2017 |7 women's singles titles (Open Era record) |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |Australian Open |2003–2017 |8 finals overall |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |Australian Open |2003–2017 |14 years between first den last title |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |Australian Open |2003–2017 |14 years between first den last final |Chris Evert [[Venus Williams]] |- |Australian Open |1998–2021 |92 match wins |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |French Open |2002–2015 |13 years between first den last title |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |French Open |2002–2016 |14 years between first den last final |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |French Open – Wimbledon |2002, 2015 |Accomplished a "Channel Slam": Winning both tournaments insyd de same year |Margaret Court Billie Jean King Chris Evert Martina Navratilova Steffi Graf |- |Wimbledon |2012–2016 |3 women's singles titles after age 30 |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |Wimbledon |2002–2016 |14 years between first den last title |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |Wimbledon |2002–2019 |17 years between first den last final |Venus Williams |- |US Open |1999–2012 |Winner of singles titles insyd three decades |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |US Open |1999–2014 |6 women's singles titles (Open Era record) |Chris Evert |- |US Open |2002, 2008, 2014 |3 titles she win widout losing a set |Chris Evert |- |US Open |1998–2022 |108 match wins |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |US Open |1999–2014 |15 years between first den last title |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |US Open |1999–2019 |20 years between first den last final |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |US Open |2011, 2013–2014 |She win as US Open Series Champion chaw times |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |US Open |2012–2014 |3 women's singles titles after age 30 |'''Dey stand alone''' |} {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" !Time span !Oda records dem select !Players matched |- |1999–2016 |23 Tier I / Premier Mandatory & Premier 5 singles titles overall |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |1999–2019 |33 Tier I / Premier Mandatory & Premier 5 singles finals overall |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |1998–2022 |266 Tier I / Premier Mandatory & Premier 5 singles match wins overall |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |1999–2015 |16 hardcourt Tier I / Premier Mandatory & Premier 5 singles titles |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |1999–2019 |24 hardcourt Tier I / Premier Mandatory & Premier 5 singles finals |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |2001 |Won WTA Tour Championships on debut |Maria Sharapova Petra Kvitová Dominika Cibulková Ashleigh Barty |- |2010 |Ranked No.1 insyd singles den doubles simultaneously |Martina Navratilova Arantxa Sánchez Vicario Martina Hingis Lindsay Davenport Kim Clijsters |- |2013–2016 |186 consecutive weeks at No.1 |Steffi Graf |- |2002–2015 |8 Miami Masters singles titles overall |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |1999–2015 |10 Miami Masters singles finals overall |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |2000–2012 |4 Olympic Gold Medals overall |[[Venus Williams]] |- |2000–2012 |3 Olympic gold medals insyd Doubles (plus [[Venus Williams]]) |[[Venus Williams]] |- |2000–2016 |93.75% (15–1) Olympic match winning record insyd doubles (plus [[Venus Williams]]) |[[Venus Williams]] |- |2001, 2012 |Two Year-End Championships dem win widout losing a set |Martina Navratilova |- |2001–2015 |Winning percentage of 82.86% at Year-End Championships |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |1999–2004, 2008–2017, 2019 |17 years plus winning percentage 80%+ |Martina Navratilova |- |1999–2020 |47 career hardcourt titles |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |1998–2022 |538 career hardcourt match wins |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |1990s, 2000s, 2010s & 2020s |De first player insyd de Open Era to win singles titles across four decades |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |2013 |Most prize money won insyd a single season ($12,385,572) |'''Dey stand alone''' |- |1995–2022 |$94,618,080 prize money overall |'''Dey stand alone''' |} == Ein life matter == [[File:Web_Summit_2018_-_Centre_Stage,_Day_1_-November_6_SD5_6360_(44835575425).jpg|thumb|Alexis Ohanian insyd 2018]] Williams marry Reddit co-founder Alexis Ohanian. He propose to am on December 10, 2016, wey na dem marry on November 16, 2017, insyd New Orleans.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=June 27, 2017|title=Cover Story: Serena Williams's Love Match|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2017/06/serena-williams-cover-story|access-date=December 8, 2019|magazine=Vanity Fair}}</ref><ref name="mobfacts">{{cite web|date=17 August 2021|title=Facts about Serena Williams, the king of WTA|url=https://sportmob.com/en/article/973747-facts-about-serena-williams-the-king-of-wta|access-date=22 December 2023|website=sportmob.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222005922/https://sportmob.com/en/article/973747-facts-about-serena-williams-the-king-of-wta|archive-date=22 December 2023}}</ref> Na prominent personalities such as Beyoncé, Anna Wintour, Kelly Rowland den Kim Kardashian attend dema wedding ceremony.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hahn|first1=Jason Duaine|last2=Ehrich|first2=Kathy|date=November 16, 2017|title=A Perfect Match! Serena Williams and Alexis Ohanian Are Married|url=http://people.com/sports/serena-williams-alexis-ohanian-wedding-marriage/|access-date=November 16, 2017|website=People}}</ref><ref name="voguesept17"/> On April 19, 2017, na Williams post a picture of einself on Snapchat wey focus on ein midsection. Na e get de caption, "20 weeks", wey dey prompt speculation say na she dey preg.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-19|title=Serena photo sparks pregnancy speculation|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/19193213/serena-williams-photo-sparks-pregnancy-speculation|access-date=2025-08-20|website=ESPN.com|language=en}} </ref> Later dat evening, na ein spokesperson confirm de pregnancy.<ref>{{cite news|date=April 19, 2017|title=Serena Williams Confirms She's Pregnant After Day of Speculation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/19/sports/tennis/serena-williams-pregnant-snapchat.html|access-date=April 19, 2017|work=The New York Times}}</ref> De fact say na she be 20 weeks pregnant wen she announce ein pregnancy mean say na she roughly be eight to nine weeks pregnant wen na she win de Australian Open earlier dat year.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gonzales|first=Erica|date=April 20, 2017|title=Serena Williams Fans Cannot Handle That She Won the Australian Open While Pregnant|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/serena-williams-fans-cannot-handle-170114621.html|access-date=July 15, 2017|publisher=Yahoo!}}</ref> Williams later say dat na posting de picture be an accident.<ref>{{Cite news|date=April 26, 2017|title=Serena Williams Says Posting of Pregnancy Picture Was an Accident|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/26/sports/tennis/serena-williams-pregnancy-picture.html|access-date=April 24, 2019|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|agency=Reuters}}</ref> On September 1, 2017, Williams give birth to a daughter, Alexis Olympia Ohanian Jr.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hautman|first1=Nicholas|last2=Lupo|first2=Marc|date=September 1, 2017|title=Serena Williams Welcomes Her First Child!|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/serena-williams-gives-birth-welcomes-first-child-with-alexis-ohanian-w492788|access-date=October 17, 2017|website=Us Weekly}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Solé|first=Elise|date=September 13, 2017|title=Serena Williams's baby girl and the meaning behind her name|url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/serena-williams-baby-girl-meaning-behind-name-173808990.html|access-date=January 4, 2019|publisher=Yahoo!}}</ref> De kiddie, wey dey go by "Olympia," na she be delivered thru emergency caesarean-section after na ein heart rate drop during labor.<ref name="Rubenstein">{{cite web|last=Rubenstein|first=Janine|date=April 26, 2018|title=Serena Williams Recalls Being 'Devastated' By Emergency C-Section and Postpartum Problems|url=https://people.com/parents/serena-williams-emergency-c-section-postpartum-problems/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509012349/https://people.com/parents/serena-williams-emergency-c-section-postpartum-problems/|archive-date=May 9, 2023|access-date=February 1, 2019|work=People}}</ref> Na Williams give Olympia a doll, Qai Qai, wey na e cam be famous on social media.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Booth|first=Jessica|date=September 5, 2023|title=All About Serena Williams and Alexis Ohanian's Older Daughter Olympia|url=https://people.com/parents/serena-williams-alexis-ohanian-children/|access-date=March 18, 2024|website=People|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Weaver|first=Caity|date=January 17, 2019|title=Wait – Is Qai Qai America's Most Important Doll?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/17/style/qai-qai-serena-williams-alexis-ohanian.html|work=The New York Times}}</ref> By February 2021, na Williams hire a tennis coach give Olympia, then three years old.<ref>{{cite web|last=Owoseje|first=Toyin|date=February 15, 2021|title=Serena Williams shares video of her 3-year-old daughter training with tennis coach|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/02/15/tennis/serena-williams-daughter-tennis-intl-scli-spt/index.html|access-date=February 18, 2021|publisher=CNN}}</ref> Insyd August 2023, Williams give birth to a second daughter, Adira River Ohanian.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Martinez|first=Gina|date=2023-08-22|title=Serena Williams welcomes second daughter, Adira River|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/serena-williams-alexis-ohanian-welcomes-second-daughter-adira-river/|access-date=2024-03-18|website=CBS News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Respers France|first=Lisa|date=August 22, 2023|title=Serena Williams and Alexis Ohanian welcome second child|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/22/entertainment/serena-williams-baby-girl/index.html|access-date=August 23, 2023|publisher=CNN}}</ref> Na dem raise Williams as a Jehovah's Witness, buh na dem no baptize am til 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 15, 2023|title=Serena Williams was baptized as a Jehovah's Witness|url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Serena_Williams/126913/serena-williams-was-baptized-as-a-jehovah-s-witness/|access-date=August 25, 2023|website=Tennis World USA|language=en}}</ref> Insyd 2017, na she say she "never really practice [de faith]".<ref name="voguesept17"/> However, na she go often thank Jehovah after she win a match.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 July 2015|title=Serena Williams' Secret Weapon: 'Jehovah God'|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/serena-williams-secret-weapon-jehovah-god_us_55a06ed9e4b0ecec71bc445b|access-date=26 April 2017|website=www.huffingtonpost.com}}</ref> She no dey celebrate birthdays, wich be a practice of de faith.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dorking|first=Marie Claire|date=August 29, 2018|title=Serena Williams confirms she won't celebrate her daughter's first birthday because of her Jehovah's Witness beliefs|url=https://www.yahoo.com/style/serena-williams-says-jehovahs-witness-will-prevent-celebrating-daughters-first-birthday-090319769.html|access-date=August 30, 2018|work=Yahoo|publisher=}}</ref> Williams make an appearance on stage during Kendrick Lamar ein Super Bowl LIX halftime show, wey she dey do a crip walk amongst oda background dancers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Williams|first=Brianna|date=2025-02-10|title=Serena Williams adds star power to Kendrick Lamar's halftime show|url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/43724706/kendrick-lamar-serena-williams-half-show-super-bowl-lix-2025|access-date=2025-02-10|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> Na dem allege Williams be romantically involved plus Drake, plus whom Lamar be involved insyd an ongoing feud, insyd 2011 den 2015.<ref>{{cite web|last=France|first=Lisa Respers|date=February 10, 2025|title=How Drake lost worse than the Chiefs at the Super Bowl|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/10/entertainment/drake-serena-williams-kendrick-lamar/index.html|work=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Raiken|first=Amber|date=February 10, 2025|title=Serena Williams' husband Alexis Ohanian reacts to her Super Bowl cameo amid history with Drake|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/serena-williams-super-bowl-halftime-drake-b2695560.html|work=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/7214650/serena-williams-crip-walk-super-bowl-kendrick-lamar-halftime-show/|title=The Meaning Behind Serena Williams Dancing During the Super Bowl Halftime Show|magazine=Time|first=Miranda|last=Jeyaretnam|date=February 10, 2025}}</ref> == Oda activities == === Philanthropy === Williams dey run de Serena Williams Foundation, wich partner plus major organizations to advance community development.<ref name="Love"/> Insyd 2008, as part of de foundation ein work, Williams help to fund de construction of de Serena Williams Secondary School insyd Matooni, Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|date=November 15, 2008|title=Serena Williams in Kenya on charity tour|url=http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90783/91323/6534327.html|work=People's Daily}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Wanja|first=Claire|date=November 10, 2008|title=Serena Williams to Visit Kenya on Charity cause|url=http://www.kbc.co.ke/story.asp?ID=53717|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305115551/http://www.kbc.co.ke/story.asp?ID=53717|archive-date=March 5, 2010|access-date=April 24, 2009|publisher=Kenya Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Elliot|first=Danielle|display-authors=etal|title=Serena Williams: Service On and Off the Court|url=https://www.chase.com/news/081315-serena-williams|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905145550/https://www.chase.com/news/081315-serena-williams|archive-date=September 5, 2015|access-date=August 18, 2015}}</ref> De foundation sanso dey provide university scholarships give underprivileged students insyd de United States. Insyd 2016, de Serena Williams Fund partner plus Helping Hands Jamaica make dem build de Salt Marsh Primary School for Jamaican youth insyd Trelawny Parish.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 9, 2016|title=Tennis Star Serena Williams helps build school in Trelawny &#124; Features|url=http://jamaica-star.com/article/features/20160209/tennis-star-serena-williams-helps-build-school-trelawny|access-date=July 15, 2017|newspaper=Jamaica Star}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lewis|first=Taylor|title=Serena Williams Lends a Helping Hand to Build a Jamaican School|url=http://www.essence.com/2016/02/10/serena-williams-lends-helping-hand-build-jamaican-school|access-date=July 15, 2017|website=Essence}}</ref> Williams receive a Celebrity Role Model Award from de Avon Foundation insyd 2003 for ein work wey dey fight breast cancer.<ref>{{cite web|date=October 15, 2003|title=Jewel and Serena Williams Help the Avon Foundation Raise Millions for the Fight Against Breast Cancer|url=http://www.avoncompany.com/women/news/press20031015.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081114130839/http://www.avoncompany.com/women/news/press20031015.html|archive-date=November 14, 2008|access-date=April 26, 2009|work=Avon|publisher=Avon Products, Inc.}}</ref> De same year, she win de "Young Heroes Award" from Big Brothers Big Sisters of Greater L.A. den Inland. Insyd 2004, she win de "Family Circle and Prudential Financial Player Who Makes a Difference Award".<ref name="Love"/> Na she be an International Goodwill Ambassador plus UNICEF since 2011, wey na she help launch UNICEF ein Schools for Asia campaign.<ref>{{cite web|date=September 20, 2011|title=Tennis star Serena Williams becomes UNICEF's latest Goodwill Ambassador – with a focus on education|url=http://www.unicef.org/people/people_59874.html|url-status=live|work=UNICEF|publisher=UNICEF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Serena Williams – Charity Work, Events and Causes|url=https://www.looktothestars.org/celebrity/serena-williams|publisher=Look To The Stars}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Piggott|first=Mark|date=January 10, 2015|title=Lionel Messsi and Serena Williams join Unicef children's education campaign|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/lionel-messsi-serena-williams-join-unicef-childrens-education-campaign-1482787|work=International Business Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 18, 2015|title=Serena Williams Launches UNICEF's Schools for Asia|url=http://www.ecorazzi.com/2012/01/25/serena-williams-launches-unicefs-schools-for-asia/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705052508/http://www.ecorazzi.com/2012/01/25/serena-williams-launches-unicefs-schools-for-asia/|archive-date=July 5, 2017|access-date=April 20, 2017|work=Ecorazzi}}</ref> Insyd 2004 den 2005, Serena den Venus visit hospitals wey na she play chaw tennis matches insyd predominantly Black cities to raise funds for de local Ronald McDonald House charities. Na dem dedicate an ESPN episode to de charity tour.<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal |last=Douglas |first=Delia |date=March 2012 |title=Venus, Serena, and the Inconspicuous Consumption of Blackness: A Commentary on Surveillance, Race Talk, and New Racism(s) |journal=Journal of Black Studies |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=127–145 |doi=10.1177/0021934711410880 |issn=0021-9347 |pmid=22454972 |s2cid=34579543}}</ref> In response to de 2010 Haiti earthquake, Williams, along plus oda ATP den WTA stars, dem decide to forgo dema final day of preparation for de Australian Open make dem assist earthquake victims.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2010-01-17|title=Haiti Charity Match in Oz|url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/australian-open/2010/haiti-charity-match-in-oz_sto2186148/story.shtml|access-date=2024-05-28|website=www.eurosport.com|agency=Reuters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216075517/https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/australian-open/2010/haiti-charity-match-in-oz_sto2186148/story.shtml|archive-date=2024-12-16}}</ref> Serena den Venus be contributors to First Serve Miami, a foundation give youth wey wan learn tennis buh dey face social den economic obstacles.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Chairman's Letter|url=http://www.firstservemiami.org/the-chairmans-letter/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722215654/http://www.firstservemiami.org/the-chairmans-letter/|archive-date=July 22, 2015|publisher=First Serve Miami}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=March 16, 2015|title=First serve adopt-a-player program|url=http://www.firstservemiami.org/first-serve-adopt-a-player-program/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722215657/http://www.firstservemiami.org/first-serve-adopt-a-player-program/|archive-date=July 22, 2015|publisher=First Serve Miami}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=March 14, 2014|title=Nole, Andy and Serena to benefit the First Serve Miami Foundation at Ritz-Carlton|url=http://novakdjokovic.com/en/news/events/nole-andy-and-serena-to-benefit-the-first-serve-miami-foundation-at-ritz-carlton/|website=NovakDjokovic.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=February 17, 2014|title=Novak Djokovic, Andy Murray, Serena Williams and Other World Renowned Tennis Players Hold Court at Fifth Annual Ritz-Carlton Key Biscayne, Miami All-Star Charity Tennis Event|url=http://www.ritzcarlton.com/en/Properties/KeyBiscayne/Information/News/Releases/fifth_annual_miami_all_star_charity_tennis.htm|publisher=Ritz-Carlton}}</ref> Na de sistos collaborate on philanthropic projects thru de Williams Sisters Fund, wich dey assist individuals den communities wey be affected by violence, wey dem dey aim to ensure dat youth get access to education. Insyd 2014, Williams begin dey host an annual charity run dem name "The Serena Williams Ultimate Fun Run" make dem support de Fund.<ref name="Serena">{{cite web|title=Serena &#124; Strong Sexy Sophisticated Clothing by Serena Williams|url=https://www.serenawilliams.com/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301092912/https://www.serenawilliams.com/|archive-date=March 1, 2017|website=Serena}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ontario Tennis Association – Serena Gives Back- OT Spin Week of February 19|url=https://www.tennisontario.com/pages/story-1-ot-spin-week-of-february-19|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827001016/https://www.tennisontario.com/pages/story-1-ot-spin-week-of-february-19|archive-date=August 27, 2017|access-date=July 15, 2017|website=Tennisontario.com}}</ref> Insyd 2016, insyd ein kiddie time home of Compton, she den Venus found de Yetunde Price Resource Center, in honor of dema late half-sisto Yetunde. Williams ein return to Indian Wells insyd 2015 (after a 14-year boycott) occur insyd partnership plus de Equal Justice Initiative, a non-profit organization wey dey provide legal representation to people wey na dem fi deny dem a fair trial.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 1, 2015|title=Join Serena Williams' Campaign with EJI|url=http://eji.org/news/join-serena-williams-campaign-with-eji|access-date=April 24, 2017|website=EJI}}</ref><ref name="SPOTY15">{{cite magazine|last=Price|first=S. L.|date=December 21, 2015|title=Serena Williams is Sports Illustrated's 2015 Sportsperson of the Year|url=https://www.si.com/sportsperson/2015/12/14/serena-williams-si-sportsperson-year|access-date=December 17, 2015|magazine=Sports Illustrated|page=76|volume=123|issue=24}}</ref> Insyd 2017, Williams cam be Ambassador give de Allstate Foundation ein Purple Purse project, an initiative make dem provide financial empowerment to domestic abuse victims.<ref>{{cite web|last=Freeman|first=Luria|date=June 23, 2017|title=Serena Williams Joins Allstate's Purple Purse Project|url=http://www.vibe.com/2017/06/serena-williams-allstate-foundation-purple-purse-campaign/|access-date=July 15, 2017|website=Vibe (magazine)}}</ref><ref name="mediapost1">{{cite web|last=Gazdik|first=Tanya|date=June 23, 2017|title=Allstate Enlists Serena Williams For Cause Campaign|url=https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/303343/allstate-enlists-serena-williams-for-cause-campaig.html|access-date=July 15, 2017|website=Mediapost.com}}</ref> Oda organizations Williams dey support include de Elton John AIDS Foundation, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Hearts of Gold, de Common Ground Foundation, de Small Steps Project, de HollyRod Foundation, Beyond the Boroughs National Scholarship Fund, World Education, de Eva Longoria Foundation, de Caliber Foundation den de Cure for MND Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|date=August 18, 2015|title=Serena Williams: Charity Work & Causes|url=https://www.looktothestars.org/celebrity/serena-williams|access-date=April 20, 2017|work=Look to the Stars}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=January 31, 2015|title=Serena Williams mentions MND in victory speech|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/international/serena-williams-mentions-mnd-in-victory-speech-115013100729_1.html|access-date=August 18, 2015|work=Business Standard}}</ref> === Business ventures === Insyd August 2009, Serena den Venus cam be minority owners of de Miami Dolphins after dem purchase a small stake insyd de team. According to de Dolphins, dem be de first African-American women make dem hold any amount of ownership insyd an NFL franchise.<ref>{{cite news|date=August 25, 2009|title=Williams sisters buy into Dolphins group|url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/news/story?id=4422313|publisher=ESPN|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Insyd 2014, Williams found de venture capital firm Serena Ventures, wich dey invest insyd start-up companies wey ein "perspectives den innovations level de playing field give women den people of color." As of 2022, na Serena Ventures raise more dan $110 million.<ref>{{cite web|date=October 11, 2022|title=Sport queen, Serena Williams leads $3.3 million seed in Nigerian startup|url=https://techparley.com/sport-queen-serena-williams-leads-3-3-million-seed-in-nigerian-startup-stears/|accessdate=October 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Latos|first=Hillary|date=October 10, 2022|title='The Davos of the Hamptons' returns with the 1640 Society Family Office Wealth Forum|url=https://impactwealth.org/5452-2/|access-date=July 19, 2023|website=Impact Wealth|language=en-US}}</ref> Insyd July 2020, na dem announce say Williams dey part of a nearly all-women investors dema group wey na dem award a new franchise insyd de National Women's Soccer League, de highest level of de women dema sport insyd de United States. Na dem classify Williams ein husbie Alexis Ohanian as de "lead investor", buh na he dey hold a minority interest, wey na he be de man per insyd de ownership group. Oda owners insyd de group include prominent actresses, media figures, businesswomen, former members of de US women's national team, den Williams ein eldest daughter.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/article/national-womens-soccer-league-awards-expansion-team-rights-to-los-angeles|title=National Women's Soccer League awards expansion team rights to Los Angeles|publisher=National Women's Soccer League|date=July 21, 2020|access-date=July 21, 2020|archive-date=July 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721191247/https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/article/national-womens-soccer-league-awards-expansion-team-rights-to-los-angeles|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na de new team begin dey play insyd 2022 as Angel City FC.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 3, 2025|title=Serena Williams joins ownership group of WNBA expansion team Toronto Tempo|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/story/2025-03-03/serena-williams-ownership-group-wnba-expansion-team-toronto-tempo|access-date=May 15, 2025|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> === Activism === Williams cam be more involved insyd social change as ein career progress, primarily dey use social media take express ein views. Insyd 2016 she voice ein support give [[Black Lives Matter]] for ein Facebook page top. She express concern say ein young nephew fi be in danger from police secof ein skin color.<ref>{{cite web|date=September 27, 2016|title=Serena Williams posts in support of Black Lives Matter on Facebook|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/serena-williams-writes-about-black-lives-matter-on-facebook/|access-date=February 23, 2018|publisher=CBS News}}</ref> Also insyd 2016, na Williams wrep an open letter insyd Porter Magazine ein feature "Incredible Women of 2016" in support of gender equality den to share ein personal struggles as a woman insyd tennis.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bridges|first=Francis|date=December 7, 2016|title=Serena Williams Writes Open Letter About Gender Equality, Empowerment And Resilience|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/francesbridges/2016/12/07/serena-williams-writes-open-letter-about-gender-equality-empowerment-and-resilience/|access-date=April 6, 2020|work=Forbes}}</ref> She claim say dem no dey recognize women dema contributions to de sport insyd de same way as men dema contributions, wey she sanso comment on de issue of unequal pay.<ref>{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Serena|date=November 29, 2016|title='We must continue to dream big': an open letter from Serena Williams|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/nov/29/dream-big-open-letter-serena-williams-porter-magazine-incredible-women-of-2016-issue-women-athletes|access-date=April 6, 2020|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Williams receive chaw awards for ein activism, particularly ein endeavors wey dey involve Black communities.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> Na de NAACP honor Williams plus ein President's Award (2003) den de Jackie Robinson Sports Award (2023).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chiesa|first=Victoria|date=February 27, 2023|title=Serena Williams receives Jackie Robinson Sports Award at NAACP Image Awards|url=https://www.usta.com/en/home/pro/pro-media---news/serena-williams-receives-jackie-robinson-sports-award-at-naacp-i.html|access-date=2024-03-20|website=USTA|language=en}}</ref> === Fashion === Na dem note Williams for ein unusual den colorful outfits on court. She arrive at de 2004 US Open insyd a denim skirt sen knee-high leg wraps wey look like boots, wich na dem no allow am make she wear during matches.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chase|first=Chris|date=May 31, 2018|title=Serena Williams' fashion history, from catsuits to shoes|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ftw/2018/05/31/serena-williams-fashion-history-from-catsuits-to-gamechanging-ballgowns/111169888/|access-date=2024-03-20|website=USA Today|language=en-US}}</ref> At de 2018 French Open, she promote ein clothing line ''Serena'' by wearing a catsuit, wich na be subsequently banned by de French Tennis Federation.<ref name="Racked2018">{{cite news|date=June 1, 2018|title=Serena Williams Had Her Own Style Long Before Her Black Catsuit|url=https://www.racked.com/2018/6/1/17414940/serena-williams-french-open-black-catsuit|access-date=August 28, 2018|work=Racked}}</ref><ref name="Vox2018">{{cite news|date=August 28, 2018|title=The Serena Williams catsuit ban shows that tennis can't get past its elitist roots|url=https://www.vox.com/2018/8/28/17791518/serena-williams-catsuit-ban-french-open-tennis-racist-sexist-country-club-sport|access-date=August 28, 2018|work=Vox}}</ref><ref name="ESPN2018">{{cite news|date=August 24, 2018|title=New French Open dress rules prohibit Serena Williams' catsuit|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/24461310/new-french-open-dress-rules-prohibit-serena-williams-catsuit-2019|access-date=August 28, 2018|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> At de 2018 US Open, Williams wear a black tutu during ein first match.<ref name="Time2018">{{cite magazine|date=August 28, 2018|title=Serena Williams Makes a Case for the Casual Tutu With Her 2018 US Open Outfit|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/24461310/new-french-open-dress-rules-prohibit-serena-williams-catsuit-2019|access-date=August 28, 2018|magazine=Time}}</ref> Insyd 2009, she launch a signature collection of handbags den jewelry, Signature Statement, wich na dem mainly sell on de Home Shopping Network.<ref>{{cite web|last=Marr|first=Madeleine|date=March 3, 2009|title=Serena Williams has a passion for fashion|url=http://www.ontennis.com/news/serena-williams-has-passion-fashion|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402060946/http://ontennis.com/news/serena-williams-has-passion-fashion|archive-date=April 2, 2009|access-date=April 25, 2009|work=The Miami Herald|publisher=Miami Herald Media Co.}}</ref><ref name="HSN">{{cite web|title=HSN and Tennis Great Serena Williams Return to New York Fashion Week to Present Serena Williams Signature Statement Fall Collection at KIA STYLE360|url=https://corporate.hsn.com/newsroom/pressrelease/hsn-and-tennis-great-serena-williams-return-to-new-york-fashion-week-to-present-serena-williams-signature-statement-fall-collection-at-kia-style360-2/|access-date=May 2, 2021|website=HSN}}</ref> Insyd 2010, she cam be a certified nail technician insyd preparation for ein upcoming nail collection plus HairTech.<ref>{{cite news|last=Farber|first=Jim|date=February 17, 2010|title=Serena Williams takes time away from the tennis courts to become a certified nail technician|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2010/02/17/2010-02-17_serena_williams_takes_time_away_from_the_tennis_courts_to_become_a_certified_nai.html|access-date=October 2, 2010|work=Daily News|location=New York}}</ref> Insyd February 2019, na dem appoint Williams to de board of directors of de online fashion marketplace Poshmark.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thomas|first=Lauren|date=February 20, 2019|title=Serena Williams joins online retailer Poshmark's board of directors|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/20/serena-williams-joins-online-retailer-poshmarks-board-of-directors.html|publisher=CNBC}}</ref> Insyd de fall of dat year, she launch de first collection of ein clothing line ''S by Serena''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Yates|first=Jacqueline|date=February 12, 2020|title=Serena Williams on the inspiration behind her sustainable S by Serena collection|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Style/serena-williams-inspiration-sustainable-serena-collection/story?id=68938024|publisher=ABC}}</ref> Inspired by 1990s street wear, na de apparel be designed for a range of body types den body sizes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Andrews|first=Jessica|date=February 14, 2020|title=Serena Williams Talks Inclusivity At Her S By Serena NYFW Show|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/serena-williams-talks-inclusivity-at-her-s-by-serena-nyfw-show-21801331|publisher=Bustle}}</ref> === Media den publishing === Insyd 2005, de Williams sisters author de book ''Venus & Serena: Serving From The Hip: 10 Rules For Living, Loving and Winning'', wich na she wrep plus Hilary Beard.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 27, 2011|title=The Website of Author Hilary Beard – Books|url=http://www.hilarybeard.com/books/|access-date=April 20, 2017|website=Hilarybeard.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=July 1, 2005|title=Venus and Serena: Serving From the Hip: 10 Rules for Living, Loving, and Winning.(Brief Article)(Book Review)|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-134387123.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905091647/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-134387123.html|archive-date=September 5, 2013|access-date=February 23, 2011}}</ref> Insyd 2009, Williams release de autobiography ''On the Line''.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 September 2009|title=Serena Williams Puts Emotion Into Game, Memoir|url=https://www.npr.org/2009/09/23/113090963/serena-williams-puts-emotion-into-game-memoir|access-date=22 December 2023|website=www.npr.org}}</ref> De same year, she appear insyd online videos den print advertisements give Tampax Pearl tampons, wey she cam be de first active female professional athlete to appear insyd advertising give a feminine hygiene product.<ref name="tampon ad NYT story">{{cite news|last=Newman|first=Andrew Adam|date=September 28, 2009|title=Serena Williams' Ad Deals Survive Her Outburst on Court|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/29/business/media/29adco.html|access-date=September 28, 2009|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Williams pose for de ''Sports Illustrated'' Swimsuit Issue insyd 2003 den 2004.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thurmond|first=Sarah|date=February 11, 2009|title=Golovin, Hantuchova, Kirilenko in SI swimsuit issue|url=http://tennis.com/backcourt/general/backcourt.aspx?id=164656|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215214440/http://tennis.com/backcourt/general/backcourt.aspx?id=164656|archive-date=February 15, 2009|access-date=May 9, 2009|work=Tennis Magazine}}</ref> === Filmography === Williams appear insyd films, television series, den music videos. She den Venus sanso serve as executive producers on de 2021 film ''King Richard'', a biopic about dema poppie.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jakiel|first=Olivia|date=March 27, 2022|title=Venus and Serena Williams Rock Gorgeous Plunging Gowns on 2022 Oscars Red Carpet|url=https://people.com/style/oscars-2002-venus-and-serena-williams-rock-gorgeous-plunging-gowns-red-carpet/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328191313/https://people.com/style/oscars-2002-venus-and-serena-williams-rock-gorgeous-plunging-gowns-red-carpet/|archive-date=March 28, 2022|access-date=March 28, 2022|website=People}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ !Year !Title !Role ! class="unsortable" |Notes |- |2001 |''The Simpsons'' |Einself (voice) |Episode: "Tennis the Menace" |- |2002 |''My Wife and Kids'' |Miss Wiggins |Episode: "Crouching Mother, Hidden Father"<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-01-13|title=On stage or on court, Serena plays the lead|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/tennis/on-stage-or-on-court-serena-plays-the-lead-20030113-gdg3il.html|access-date=2024-03-18|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}</ref> |- |2003 |''Street Time'' |Meeka Hayes |Episode: "Fly Girl" |- |2004 |''Law & Order: Special Victims Unit'' |Chloe Spiers |Episode: "Brotherhood"<ref name="Kennedy-2007">{{Cite web|last=Kennedy|first=Lauren Paige|date=April 9, 2007|title=Serena Williams Gets Back in the Game|url=https://www.webmd.com/women/features/serena-williams-gets-back-game|access-date=2024-03-18|website=WebMD|language=en}}</ref> |- |2004 |''The Division'' |Jennifer Davis |Episode: "Lost and Found" |- |2004 |''Hair Show'' |Agent Ross |Film |- |2005 |''Higglytown Heroes'' |Snowplow Driver Hero (voice) |Episode: "Higgly Hoedown/Eubie's Turbo Sled" |- |2005 |''ER'' |Alice Watson |Episode: "Two Ships " |- | | |Einself |Episode: "Not So Wonderful News" |- |2005 |''America's Next Top Model'' |Einself |Episode: "The Girl with the Worst Photo in History" |- |2005–2007 |''Punk'd'' |Einself |3 episodes |- |2007 |''Loonatics Unleashed'' |Queen Athena (voice) |Episode: "Apocalypso"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Associated Press|date=2007-01-30|title=Aussie champ Serena to lend voice to animated queen|url=https://www.espn.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=2748802|access-date=2024-03-18|website=ESPN}}</ref> |- |2007 |''Finding Forever'' music video |Einself |Cameo in "I Want You"<ref>{{cite web|date=October 23, 2007|title=Common 'I Want You' Video|url=http://rapdirt.com/common-i-want-you-video/16687/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116200331/http://rapdirt.com/common-i-want-you-video/16687/|archive-date=January 16, 2010|access-date=April 26, 2009|website=rapdirt.com}}</ref> |- |2007 |''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' |Ming (voice) |Episode: "The Day of Black Sun: Part 1 – The Invasion" |- |2007 |''Fast Cars and Superstars: The Gillette Young Guns Celebrity Race'' |Einself |Episode: "Episode 1" |- |2006 |''The Bernie Mac Show'' |Einself |Episode: "Spinning Wheels" |- |2008 |''The Game'' |Einself |Episode: "The List Episode" |- |2008 |''MADtv'' |Einself / Black Racket |Episode: "Episode 7" |- |2011 |''Keeping Up with the Kardashians'' |Einself |Episode: "Kim's Fairytale Wedding: A Kardashian Event – Part 2" |- |2012 |''Trust Us with Your Life'' |Einself | |- |2012 |''Drop Dead Diva'' |Kelly Stevens |Episode: "Rigged" |- |2012 |''Venus and Serena'' |Einself |Documentary |- |2013 |''The Legend of Korra'' |Female Sage (voice) |Episode: "Beginnings, Part 1" |- |2015 |''7 Days in Hell'' |Einself |Film |- |2015 |''Pixels'' |Einself |Cameo<ref name="Pixels">{{cite web|date=May 22, 2015|title=Serena Williams serves up laughs in 'Pixels'|url=http://www.usatoday.com/videos/life/2015/05/22/27799457/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529212853/http://www.usatoday.com/videos/life/2015/05/22/27799457/|archive-date=May 29, 2015|access-date=August 18, 2015|work=USA Today}}</ref> |- |2016 |''Lemonade'' music video |Einself |Cameo in "Sorry"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barron|first=Tory|date=2016-05-10|title=Serena Williams on her 'Lemonade' appearance|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/culture/the-buzz/story/_/id/15499708/serena-williams-explains-why-beyonce-wanted-lemonade-video|access-date=2024-03-18|website=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> |- |2016 |''Serena: The Other Side of Greatness'' |Einself |Documentary |- |2018 |''Ocean's 8'' |Einself |Cameo |- |2018 |''Being Serena'' |Einself |Documentary |- |2021 |''King Richard'' |Executive producer |Film |- |2022 |''Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery'' |Einself |Cameo<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Lenker|first=Maureen Lee|date=November 25, 2022|title=Stephen Sondheim and Angela Lansbury make their final screen appearances in 'Glass Onion'|url=https://ew.com/movies/glass-onion-knives-out-cameos-stephen-sondheim-angela-lansbury-more/|access-date=2024-03-18|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref> |- |2023 |''PAW Patrol: The Mighty Movie'' |Yoga Yvette (voice) |Film |} == References == <references /> === General references === * {{cite book|last1=Morgan|first1=Terri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GaphSm9ndMsC|title=Venus and Serena Williams: Grand Slam Sisters|publisher=Lerner Publishing|year=2001|isbn=978-0-8225-3684-0|series=Sports Achievers Biographies|pages=64pp|no-pp=y}} * {{cite book|last1=Williams|first1=Venus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n-_SalMONJUC|title=Venus and Serena: Serving from the Hip: 10 Rules For Living, Loving and Winning|last2=Williams|first2=Serena|last3=Beard|first3=Hilary|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|year=2005|isbn=978-0-618-57653-1|pages=133pp|no-pp=y}} * {{cite book|last1=Williams|first1=Serena|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgAHQLkOijkC|title=On the Line|last2=Paisner|first2=Daniel|publisher=Hachette Digital|year=2009|isbn=978-0-446-56402-1|pages=214pp|ref={{sfnRef|WilliamsPaisner2009a}}|no-pp=y}} * {{cite book|last1=Williams|first1=Serena|title=My Life: Queen of the Court|last2=Paisner|first2=Daniel|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2009|isbn=978-1-84737-544-5|pages=257pp|ref={{sfnRef|WilliamsPaisner2009b}}|no-pp=y}} == Read further == * {{Cite journal |last=Spencer |first=Nancy E. |date=May 2004 |title=Sister Act VI: Venus and Serena Williams at Indian Wells: 'Sincere Fictions' and White Racism |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-sport-and-social-issues_2004-05_28_2/page/115 |journal=Journal of Sport & Social Issues |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=115–135 |doi=10.1177/0193723504264411 |s2cid=159517372}} == External links == {{sister project links|collapsible=true|wikt=no|c=Category:Serena Williams|b=no|q=Serena Williams|s=no|v=no|species=no|voy=no|display=Serena Williams|d=Q11459}} * [https://www.serenawilliams.com/ Official website] * [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/230234/- Serena Williams] at the Women's Tennis Association * [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/serena-williams/800205424/usa Serena Williams] at the International Tennis Federation * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230828/https://www.billiejeankingcup.com/en/player/800205424 Serena Williams] at the Billie Jean King Cup (archived) * [[imdbname:1102987|Serena Williams]] at IMDb * [http://www.makers.com/serena-williams Serena Williams] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170607222011/http://www.makers.com/serena-williams Archived] June 7, 2017, at the Wayback Machine video produced by ''Makers: Women Who Make America'' {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Williams, Serena}} [[Category:Serena Williams| ]] [[Category:1981 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:American female tennis players]] [[Category:American autobiographers]] [[Category:American Jehovah's Witnesses]] [[Category:American women ambassadors]] [[Category:African-American designers]] [[Category:African-American tennis players]] [[Category:Australian Open (tennis) champions]] [[Category:Angel City FC owners]] [[Category:French Open champions]] [[Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions insyd mixed 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Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Tennis players at de 2012 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Tennis players at de 2016 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:UNICEF goodwill ambassadors]] [[Category:Isenberg School of Management alumni]] [[Category:US Open (tennis) champions]] [[Category:Wimbledon champions]] [[Category:American women autobiographers]] [[Category:20th-century African-American sportswomen]] [[Category:20th-century American sportswomen]] [[Category:Williams family (tennis)]] [[Category:WTA number 1 ranked singles tennis players]] [[Category:WTA number 1 ranked doubles tennis players]] [[Category:ITF World Champions]] [[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]] [[Category:21st-century African-American sportswomen]] [[Category:Miami Dolphins owners]] qvtlh8ra7wqfrrgizy8skba9rf9jgfi 0 20661 116360 78597 2026-11-07T20:05:16Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fred Nuamah''' (born '''Frederick Kwaku Nuamah'''; November 5, 1975)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fred Nuamah Biography: Age, Awards, Wiki, Trends, Net Worth, Actor |url=https://todaysprofile.org/biography/fred-nuamah/ |access-date=2023-08-24 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824193647/https://todaysprofile.org/biography/fred-nuamah/ |archive-date=2023-08-24}}</ref> be a [[Ghana|Ghanaian]] actor, film director den producer dem best know for ein role insyd de movie ''The Game''. He be de founder den CEO of Ghana Movie Awards & Ghana TV series Awards, an annual award show wey dey recognise excellence insyd de Ghanaian film industry.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Fred-Nuamah-shares-photos-of-his-son-Ghanaian-wife-and-himself-753622|title=Fred Nuamah shares photos of his son, Ghanaian wife and himself|work=Ghana Web|date=10 June 2019|accessdate=29 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/08/ghanaian-actor-fred-nuamah-gifts-wife-porsche/|title=Ghanaian Actor Fred Nuamah Gifts Wife a Porsche|work=Bella Naija|date=1 August 2018|accessdate=29 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/ghana-movie-awards-boss-graces-cannes-red-carpet/|title=Ghana Movie Awards Boss Graces Cannes’ Red Carpet!|work=News Ghana|date=23 May 2012|accessdate=29 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=10 February 2012|title=Fred Nuamah’s "Pajamas" & Van Vicker’s strange rosary on Fashion 101|work=Today GH|url=https://www.todaygh.com/fred-nuamahs-pajamas-van-vickers-strange-rosary-on-fashion-101/|accessdate=29 October 2019|archive-date=29 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029180535/https://www.todaygh.com/fred-nuamahs-pajamas-van-vickers-strange-rosary-on-fashion-101/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/things-must-change-with-the-ghana-movie-awards.html|title=Things must change with the Ghana Movie Awards|work=Graphic.com.gh|date=8 December 2016|accessdate=29 October 2019}}</ref> == Selected filmography == * ''Matters of the Heart'', 1993 (Cameo Role) * ''Dons in Sakawa (2009) as Bank Manager'' * ''The Prince Bride'' (Supporting Role) 2009 * ''The Heart of Men'' (Supporting Role) 2009 * ''The Game (''2010) as Jake Freeman<ref>{{cite news|title=The Game, Full Cast & Crew|work=IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1773736/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm|accessdate=29 October 2019}}</ref> * ''Material Girl'' (Supporting Role) 2010 * ''4 Play'' (Supporting Role) 2010 * ''Temptation'' (Supporting Role) 2010 * ''4 Play Reloaded (2010) as Barrister'' (Supporting Role) * ''Pool Party'' (Supporting Role) 2011<ref>{{cite news|title=Celebs Out & About: Photos From The Premiere Of ‘Pool Party’ Featuring Majid Michel & Mum + Jackie Appiah + Abdul Sallam Mumini + Yvonne Okoro + Fred Nuamah + Frank Raja Arase & TV3 Ghana’s Most Beautiful Nasara…|work=Ghana Celebrities|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2011/02/12/celebs-out-about-photos-from-the-premiere-of-pool-party-featuring-majid-michel-mum-jackie-appiah-abdul-sallam-mumini-yvonne-okoro-fred-nuamah-frank-raja-arase-tv3-gh/|accessdate=29 October 2019}}</ref> * ''[[Amakye and Dede]] (''2016)<ref>{{cite news|title=Amakye and Dede Movie To Be Premiered in UCC and KNUST This Weekend|work=kuulpeeps|url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2016/04/amakye-and-dede-movie-to-be-premiered-in-ucc-and-knust-this-weekend/|accessdate=29 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Photos from the premiere of ‘Amakye & Dede’|work=ameyawdebrah|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/photos-premiere-amakye-dede/|accessdate=29 October 2019}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [[imdbname:4172853|Fred Nuamah]] at IMDb {{DEFAULTSORT:Nuamah, Fred}} [[Category:1975 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Ghanaians]] [[Category:Ghanaian male film actors]] [[Category:Ghanaian film producers]] [[Category:Ghanaian film directors]] [[Category:Ghanaian actors]] [[Category:Actors wey komot Accra]] [[Category:National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians]] [[Category:People wey komot Ashanti Region]] qmxo6ghccpakork7uz99hsvgvs0vyhf 0 25708 116367 115503 2026-11-07T21:52:02Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Olufunmilayo I. Olopade''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Olufunmilayo Olopade.wav|Listen|help=no}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, M.D., F.A.C.P., O.O.N. {{!}} Office of Research |url=https://www.vumc.org/oor/person/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md-facp-oon |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.vumc.org}}</ref> dem born insyd de year 1957,<ref name="scientist20132">{{cite news|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/36681/title/Cancer-Knows-No-Borders/|work=The Scientist|title=Cancer Knows No Borders|last=Scudellari|first=Megan|date=August 1, 2013|access-date=September 27, 2013|language=en}}</ref> be a Nigerian hematology oncologist, Associate Dean for Global Health and Walter L. Palmer, Distinguished Service Professor insyd Medicine den Human Genetics at de University of Chicago.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD, FACP|publisher=The University of Chicago Medicine|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023091654/http://www.uchospitals.edu/physicians/olufunmilayo-olopade.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, Ph.D. Research & Selected Publications|publisher=The University of Chicago Biological Sciences; Department of Human Genetics|access-date=July 27, 2013|archive-date=September 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927110550/http://www.genes.uchicago.edu/olopade.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> She sanso dey serve as director of de University of Chicago Hospital's Cancer Risk Clinic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-25 |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Closing Disparities Through Genetic Testing {{!}} Leading Discoveries Magazine |url=https://leadingdiscoveries.aacr.org/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-closing-disparities-through-genetic-testing/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Life == Dem born Olufunmilayo Olopade insyd Nigeria insyd 1957 wey she be de fifth of six kiddies dem born to an Anglican musician. She attend St Anne's School insyd Ibadan for ein secondary school education. Olopade first express ein interest insyd make she cam be a doctor at a young age secof de Nigerian villages be scarce for doctors den medical resources wich be both insyd high demand.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo Falusi {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/olopade-olufunmilayo-falusi|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> She graduate from de [[University of Ibadan]] insyd Nigeria plus an MBBS insyd 1980.<ref name="cancerbio.uchicago.edu">{{Cite web|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade {{!}} Committee on Cancer Biology|url=https://cancerbio.uchicago.edu/program/faculty/olufunmilayo-olopade|website=cancerbio.uchicago.edu|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> She dey work closely plus de Breast Cancer Research Foundation<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade, MD, FACP :: Profile|publisher=The Breast Cancer Research Foundation|access-date=July 26, 2013|archive-date=October 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002075700/http://www.bcrfcure.org/action_meetres_funmi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wey she perform extensive clinical work wey dey surround de role of de ''BRCA1'' den ''BRCA2'' genes insyd de incidence of breast cancer insyd women of African descent.<ref name="scientist20132" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|title=Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade Receives ASCO ACS Award for Pioneering Research in Breast Cancer Genetics|publisher=American Society of Clinical Oncology|access-date=June 26, 2013|archive-date=July 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705102631/http://www.asco.org/about-asco/dr-olufunmilayo-olopade-receives-asco-acs-award-pioneering-research-breast-cancer|url-status=dead}}</ref> She be a member of de American Association for Cancer Research,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |title= Olufunmilayo I. Olopade |publisher= American Association for Cancer Research |year= 2001 |website= AACR |access-date= June 6, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235550/http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/aacr-academy/inaugural-class/olufunmilayo-olopade.aspx |archive-date= September 29, 2013 |url-status= dead }}</ref> de American College of Physicians, de Nigerian Medical Association, de American Philosophical Society,<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-02|website=search.amphilsoc.org|archive-date=2021-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522194658/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Olufunmilayo+Olopade&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|url-status=dead}}</ref> den de Institute of Medicine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802223645/http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0020018661|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2012|title=Directory: IOM Member - Olufunmilayo F. Olopade, M.D., FACP, OON|publisher=Institute of Medicine|access-date=June 28, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2011/03/02/president-obama-names-olopade-national-cancer-advisory-board|title=President Obama names Olopade to National Cancer Advisory Board|last=Easton|first=John|date=2 March 2011|work=The University of Chicago News|access-date=27 July 2013}}</ref> == Early career == Olufunmilayo start ein career insyd 1980 as a medical officer insyd de Nigerian Navy Hospital. She move go de US insyd 1983 wey she work at Cook County Hospital insyd Chicago til 1987.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo|title=Olopade, Olufunmilayo {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2020-03-31}}</ref> Insyd 1991, Olufunmilayo join de University of Chicago as an assistant professor insyd hematology den oncology, Dean of Global Health, den Director of de Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics at de University of Chicago.<ref name="cancerbio.uchicago.edu" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ojigbo|first=Solomon|date=2017-07-04|title=Prof. Olufunmilayo Olopade: Pacesetter and Game-changer In Breast Cancer Treatment|url=https://www.pharmanewsonline.com/prof-olufunmilayo-olopade-pacesetter-and-game-changer-in-breast-cancer-treatment/|access-date=2020-06-11|website=Pharmanewsonline|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Awards == * 1975: Nigerian Federal Government Merit Award<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|title=You can't ignore these 10 awardees of national honours|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/you-cant-ignore-these-10-awardees-of-national-honours.html|last=Abbah|first=Theophilus|date=2012-09-16|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607190529/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/you-cant-ignore-these-10-awardees-of-national-honours.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 1978: Nigerian Medical Association Award for Excellence in Pediatrics<ref name="Admin">{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2019-02-21 |title=OLOPEDE, Prof (Mrs) Olufunmilayo |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/olopede-prof-mrs-olufunmilayo/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520231243/https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/olopede-prof-mrs-olufunmilayo/ |archive-date=2026-05-20}}</ref> * 1980: Nigerian Medical Association Award for Excellence in Medicine <ref>{{Cite web |title=Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD |url=https://www.aacr.org/professionals/membership/aacr-academy/fellows/olufunmilayo-i-olopade-md/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) |language=en}}</ref> * 1990: Ellen Ruth Lebow Fellowship<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo I. Olopade – H3Africa |url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260416134126/https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/ |archive-date=2026-04-16}}</ref> * 1991: American Society for Clinical Oncology Young Investigator Award <ref name="Admin"/> * 1992: James S. McDonnell Foundation Scholar Award <ref name="Admin"/> * 2000:Doris Duke Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Olufunmilayo I. Olopade – H3Africa |url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=h3africa.org |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260416134126/https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-olufunmilayo-i-olopade/ |archive-date=2026-04-16}}</ref> * 2003: Phenomenal Woman Award for work within de African-American Community <ref name="Admin"/> * 2005: Access Community Network's Heroes in Healthcare Award <ref name="Admin"/> * 2005 MacArthur Fellows Program<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macfound.org/fellows/769/|publisher=MacArthur foundation|title=MacArthur Fellows Program:Olufunmilayo Olopade|access-date=July 27, 2013|date= September 1, 2005}}</ref> *2015: Four Freedoms Award * 2017: Villanova University Mendel Medal *On Saturday, May 18, 2019, The Lincoln Academy of Illinois grant Olopade de Order of Lincoln award, de highest honor wey de State of Illinois bestow.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/2019-laureates-announced-gov-rauner/|title=2019 Laureates Announced by Gov. Rauner|website=The Lincoln Academy of Illinois|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-27|archive-date=2019-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827194444/https://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/2019-laureates-announced-gov-rauner/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2021: Member of de U. S. National Academy of Sciences.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2021-nas-election.html|title=News from the National Academy of Sciences|date=April 26, 2021|access-date=July 5, 2021|quote=Newly elected members and their affiliations at the time of election are: ... Olopade, Olufunmilayo F.; Walter L. Palmer Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine and Human Genetics, department of medicine, and director, Center for Clinical Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613132749/https://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2021-nas-election.html|archive-date=June 13, 2024}}, entry in member directory:{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20018661.html|title=Member Directory|access-date=July 5, 2021|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182713/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20018661.html|archive-date=July 9, 2021}}</ref> === MacArthur Fellows Program === Olufunmilayo Olopade be one of de three African-Americans to receive de $500,000 award. John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation wey appoint dis award. Dem dey give dis "no strings attached" stipend grant as support for up to five years wey e be referred to as de "genius grant."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macfound.org/programs/fellows/|title=MacArthur Fellows|website=MacArthur Foundation|access-date=January 2, 2022}}</ref> Dis grant allow Olopade to continue ein research on ein groundbreaking discoveries on diseases den health concerns. == Family == Insyd 1983, she marry Christopher Sola Olopade wey sanso be a physician at de University of Chicago. Dem get two daughters, wey dey include journalist Dayo Olopade, den one son.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2006-Le-Ra/Olopade-Olufunmilayo.html|publisher=Encyclopedia of World Biography|title=Olufunmilayo Olopade:Physician, oncologist and geneticist|access-date= July 27, 2013}}</ref> == Research == Na chaw of ein research be on de susceptibility to cancer wich go then be used to adopt a more effective way of treating breast cancer among de African den African-American individuals den populations.<ref name=":0" /> Insyd 1987 at de University of Chicago, she find a gene wey help suppress tumor growth. Insyd 1992, Olopade help found de University of Chicago ein Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics. Hie, she find say African-American women often develop breast cancer at younger ages dan white women.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Olopade|first1=Olufunmilayo I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4aqm3_v_3cC&pg=PA24 |title=Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent|last2=Falkson|first2=Carla I.|date=2010-05-28|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4020-3664-4|language=en}}</ref> Insyd 2003, she begin a new study wey dey look at breast cancer den genetics from African women from Nigeria to [[Senegal]] den also African-American women insyd Chicago. By 2005, she find say 80% of tumors insyd African women no dey hia estrogen to grow dem compare to 20% of tumors insyd de Caucasian women. She sanso find say na dis be due to a different pattern of gene expression between de African women den de Caucasian women.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Ikpatt|first1=Offiong Francis|title=Genetics of Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent: An Overview|date=2006|work=Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent|pages=23–37|editor-last=Williams|editor-first=Christopher Kwesi O.|place=Dordrecht|publisher=Springer Netherlands|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-3664-4_2|isbn=978-1-4020-3664-4|last2=Olopade|first2=Olufunmilayo I.|editor2-last=Olopade|editor2-first=Olufunmilayo I.|editor3-last=Falkson|editor3-first=Carla I.}}</ref> == References == <references /> ==External links== {{sister project links||d=Q7088836|c=Category:Olufunmilayo Olopade|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} *[https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/find-a-physician/physician/olufunmilayo-i-olopade "Olufunmilayo Olopade, MD, Physician Profile"] ''UChicago Medicine'' *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100603092050/http://scicom.ucsc.edu/QandA/AAAS08/Olopade "The SciCom Interview: Olufunmilayo Olopade"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603092050/http://scicom.ucsc.edu/QandA/AAAS08/Olopade |date=2010-06-03 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090726221959/http://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/archive/200907/20090710_olopade.html "Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726221959/http://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/archive/200907/20090710_olopade.html |date=2009-07-26 }}, ''Tavis Smiley'', July 10, 2009 *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190701043132/http://www.portofharlem.net/archives/coverstories/febapr2008.html " Is the Answer in Your Genes?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701043132/http://www.portofharlem.net/archives/coverstories/febapr2008.html |date=2019-07-01 }}, ''Port of Harlem'', Feb - Apr 2008 *[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080317164342.htm "Breast Cancer In Black Women May Be Connected To Neighborhood Conditions, Study Suggests"], '''ScienceDaily'', Mar. 20, 2008 *"Olopade, Olufunmilayo ." Newsmakers 2006 Cumulation . . Retrieved February 27, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo. *https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-1599 {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Olopade, Olufunmilayo}} [[Category:Human]] [[Category:21st-century Nigerian scientists]] [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:Nigerian oncologists]] [[Category:University of Ibadan alumni]] [[Category:University of Chicago faculty]] [[Category:MacArthur Fellows]] [[Category:Nigerian people]] [[Category:Nigerian women medical doctors]] [[Category:Nigerian emigrants to de United States]] [[Category:21st-century African-American scientists]] [[Category:American scientists]] [[Category:Yoruba women medical doctors]] [[Category:Yoruba medical doctors]] [[Category:American women scientists]] [[Category:Cancer researchers]] [[Category:Nigerian women biologists]] [[Category:American women medical doctors]] [[Category:Nigerian women academics]] [[Category:St Anne's School, Ibadan alumni]] [[Category:Members of de American Philosophical Society]] [[Category:Members of de United States National Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:Members of de National Academy of Medicine]] [[Category:Cancer insyd Nigeria]] [[Category:21st-century African-American academics]] [[Category:21st-century American academics]] 4dnoxnagxrw9s9ai7x7nefn9n5f7xht 0 27379 116362 111735 2026-11-07T20:52:37Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Tana''' (Amharic: ጣና ሐይቅ, romanized: T’ana ḥāyik’i; previously dem transcribe as '''Tsana{{sfn|Garstin|Cana|1911}}''') be de largest lake for [[Ethiopia]] insyd den a source of de [[Blue Nile]]. Wey dem locate am for Amhara Region insyd for de north-western Ethiopian Highlands insyd, de lake be approximately {{convert|84|km|mi|abbr=off}} long den {{convert|66|km|mi|abbr=off}} wide, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|15|m|ft|abbr=off}},<ref>{{cite book |title=Statistical Abstract of Ethiopia |year=1967–1968}}</ref> den an elevation of {{convert|1788|m|ft|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 November 2004 |title=Lake Tana, source of the Blue Nile |url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Lake_Tana_source_of_the_Blue_Nile |access-date=4 November 2013 |work=Observing the Earth |publisher=European Space Agency}}</ref> De Gilgel Abay, Reb den Gumara rivers feed Lake Tana. Ein surface area dey range from {{convert|3000|to|3500|km2|mi2|abbr=off}}, wey dey depend for season den rainfall top. Dem regulate de lake level since de construction of de control weir wey de lake dey discharge into de Blue Nile. Dis dey control de flow to de Blue Nile Falls (Tis Abbai) den hydro-power station. For 2015 insyd, dem nominate Lake Tana region as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve wey dey recognize ein national den international natural den cultural importance.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210702215353/https://www.laketana-biosphere.com/ Homepage of Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve]</ref> == Ovaview == [[File:Lake Tana, Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Views ova Lake Tana]] [[File:Island Church (2401612298).jpg|thumb|De Island Church for Lake Tana top]] [[File:Zege Peninsula Tour Guide.jpg|thumb|A local tour guide dey demonstrate how a stone dey struck to signal meal times at a monastery for Zege Peninsula top]] [[File:Blue Nile.jpg|thumb|left|Beginning of de [[Blue Nile]] river by ein outlet from Lake Tana]] [[File:BahirDarResort.jpg|thumb|A resort hotel for Lake Tana top for Bahir Dar insyd]] Volcanic activity form Lake Tana, wey block de flow of rivers wey dey inflow for de early Pleistocene insyd, about 5 million years ago.<ref name="springer">{{Cite book |last1=Vijverberg |first1=Jacobus |title=The Nile |last2=Sibbing |first2=Ferdinand A. |last3=Dejen |first3=Eshete |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=163–192 |chapter=Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9726-3_9}}</ref> De lake be originally much larger dan e dey today. Seven large permanent rivers dey feed de lake as well as 40 small seasonal rivers. De main tributaries to de lake be Gilgel Abbay (Little Nile River), den de Megech, Gumara, den Rib rivers.<ref name="springer" /> Lake Tana get a number of islands, wey number dey vary plus de lake ein level. E fell about {{convert|6|ft|m}} for de last 400 years insyd. According to Manuel de Almeida, a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] missionary for de early 17th century insyd, der be 21 islands, seven anaa eight of wey get monasteries for dem top "formerly large, but rydee diminish much.<ref name="Beckham">{{cite book |last1=Beckham |first1=C. F. |title=Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646 |last2=Huntingford |first2=G. W. B. |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]] |year=1954 |series=Series 2 |location=London |page=35 and note |number=107}}</ref> "Wen James Bruce visit de area for 1771 insyd, he note dat de locals wey dem count 45 islands wey dem inhabit, but state he believe dat "de number go fi be about eleven."<ref name="Beckham" /> Anton Stecker, for 1881 insyd, make a detailed examination of de lake, wey e enable substantially accurate maps,{{sfn|Garstin|Cana|1911}} den dem count 44 islands.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hayes |first=A.J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h742AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA73 |title=The Source of the Blue Nile: A Record of a Journey Through the Soudan to Lake Tsana in Western Abyssinia, and of the Return to Egypt by the Valley of the Atbara |publisher=Smith, Elder & Company |year=1905 |page=73 |access-date=28 May 2021}}</ref> A 20th-century geographer name 37 islands, of wey he believe 19 have anaa had monasteries anaa churches for dem top.<ref name="Beckham" /> Dem keep remains of ancient Ethiopian emperors den treasures of Ethiopic Christianity for de isolated island monasteries (wey dey include Kebran Gabriel, Ura Kidane Mehret, Narga Selassie, Daga Estifanos, Medhane Alem of Rema Island, Kota Maryam, den Mertola Maryam). For de island of Tana Qirqos top be a rock wey dem show to Paul B. Henze, for wey dem tell am Mary, mother of Jesus rest for ein journey back from [[Egypt]]; dem sanso tell am say Frumentius, wey introduce Christianity to Ethiopia, be "allegedly buried for Tana Cherqos top."<ref>{{cite book |last=Henze |first=Paul B. |author-link=Paul B. Henze |title=Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia |url=https://archive.org/details/layersoftimehist0000henz |publisher=Palgrave |year=2000 |isbn=978-0312227197 |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/layersoftimehist0000henz/page/73 73]}}</ref> Dem inter de body of Yekuno Amlak for de monastery of St. Stephen insyd for Daga Island top. Emperors wey tombs sanso be for Daga top dey include Dawit I, Zara Yaqob, Za Dengel, den Fasilides. Oda important islands for Lake Tana insyd dey include Dek, Mitraha, Gelila Zakarias, Halimun den Briguida. Dem believe dem already build monasteries during de Middle Ages ova earlier religious sites. Dem dey include de fourteenth-century Debre Maryam, den de eighteenth-century Narga Selassie, Tana Qirqos, wey dem say dem already house de Ark of de Covenant before dem move am to Axum, den Ura Kidane Mehret, wey dem know give ein regalia. A ferry service dey link Bahir Dar plus Gorgora via Dek den various lakeshore villages. Der sanso be Zege Peninsula for de southwest portion of de lake top. Zege be de site of de Azwa Maryam monastery. Lake Tana sanso be a central location of de Beta Israel, wey dey complete plus de only Jewish monasteries for de world insyd,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kribus |first1=Bar |last2=Krebs |first2=Verena |date=2018 |title=Beta Israel (Ethiopian Jewish) Monastic Sites North of Lake Tana Preliminary Results of an Exploratory Field Trip to Ethiopia in December 2015 |journal=Entangled Religion |volume=6 |pages=309–344 |doi=10.13154/er.v6.2018.309-344}}</ref> before demma immigration to Israel. == Water characteristics den floods == Wey dem compare to oda tropical lakes, de waters for Lake Tana insyd dey relatively cold, wey e typically range from about 20 to 27 °C (68–81 °F). De water get a pH wey be neutral to samwat alkaline den ein transparency be quite low.<ref name="Vijverberg2009">{{cite book |author1=Vijverberg, J. |title=The Nile |author2=F.A. Sibbing |author3=E. Dejen |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=163–193 |chapter=Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile}}</ref> Sekof de large seasonal variations for de inflow of ein tributaries, rain den evaporation insyd, de water levels of Lake Tana dey typically vary by 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft) for a year insyd, wey dey peak for September–October insyd just after de main wet season. Wen de water levels dey high, de plains around de lake often flood den dem connect oda permanent swamps for de region insyd to de lake.<ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> == Fauna == [[File:Lily pads, Lake Tana.jpg|thumb|Lily pads dey float near de shore for Lake Tana top]]Since der dey no inflows dat dey link de lake to oda large waterways den de main outflow, de Blue Nile, de Blue Nile Falls obstruct am, de lake dey support a highly distinctive aquatic fauna, wey generally dem relate am to species from de Nile Basin.<ref name="FEOW">{{cite web |year=2008 |title=Lake Tana |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005203717/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |archive-date=5 October 2011 |access-date=24 January 2012 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> De lake ein nutrient levels dey low.<ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> === Fish === Der be 27 fish species for Lake Tana insyd den 20 of dem be endemic.<ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> Dis dey include one of only two cyprinid species flocks wey dem know (de oda, from Lake Lanao for de Philippines insyd, introduced species already decimate am). E dey consist of 15 relatively large, up to {{convert|1|m|abbr=on}} long, ''Labeobarbus'' barbs dat dem formerly include for ''Barbus'' insyd instead.<ref name="FEOW" /><ref name="barbs1">{{cite journal |last1=de Graaf |first1=Martin |last2=Dejen |first2=Eshete |last3=Sibbing |first3=Ferdinand A. |last4=Osse |first4=Jan W. M. |year=2000 |title=''Barbus tanapelagius'', A New Species from Lake Tana (Ethiopia): its Morphology and Ecology |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_environmental-biology-of-fishes_2000-09_59_1/page/n6 |journal=Environmental Biology of Fishes |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |bibcode=2000EnvBF..59....1D |doi=10.1023/A:1007608208630}}</ref> Among dem, ''L. acutirostris'', ''L. longissimus'', ''L. megastoma'' den ''L. truttiformis'' dey strictly piscivorous, den ''L. dainellii'', ''L. gorguari'', ''L. macrophtalmus'' den ''L. platydorsus'' dey mostly piscivorous.<ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> Demma most important prey be de small ''Enteromius'' den ''Garra'' species.<ref name="Vijverberg2009" /><ref name="barbs1" /><ref name="barbs2">{{cite journal |last1=de Graaf |first1=Martin |last2=Megens |first2=Hendrik-Jan |last3=Samallo |first3=Johannis |last4=Sibbing |first4=Ferdinand |year=2007 |title=Evolutionary origin of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) small Barbus species: indications of rapid ecological divergence and speciation |journal=Animal Biology |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=39–48 |doi=10.1163/157075607780002069}}</ref> De remaining ''Labeobarbus'' for Lake Tana insyd get oda specialized feeding habits: ''L. beso'' (non-endemic den dem no closely relate am to de odas) dey feed for algae top, ''L. surkis'' mostly for macrophytes top, ''L. gorgorensis'' for macrophytes top den molluscs, ''L. brevicephalus'' for zooplankton top (howeva, juveniles of all members of de species flock dey feed for zooplankton top), ''L. osseensis'' for macrophytes top den adults insects, den ''L. crassibarbis'', ''L. intermedius'' (non-endemic buh dem closely relate am to de odas), ''L. nedgia'' den ''L. tsanensis'' for benthic invertebrates like chironomid larvae top. Among de endemic ''Labeobarbus'', eight species spawn for de lake ein wetlands insyd den de remaining move seasonally into ein tributaries wey dem spawn.<ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> For addition to de ''Labeobarbus'' species flock insyd, de endemic species be ''Enteromius pleurogramma'', ''E. tanapelagius'', ''Garra regressus'' den ''Afronemacheilus abyssinicus'' (one of only two African stone loaches). De remaining non-endemic species be Nile tilapia (widespread for Africa insyd, buh plus de endemic subspecies ''tana'' for de lake insyd), ''E. humilis'', ''G. dembecha'', ''G. dembeensis'' den de large African sharptooth catfish.<ref name="Vijverberg2009" /><ref name="FEOW" /> === Fishing den threats === [[File:ET Amhara asv2018-02 img063 Lake Tana at Gorgora.jpg|thumb|Various ''Labeobarbus'' barbs den African sharptooth catfish wey dem catch for de lake insyd]]Lake Tana dey support a large fishing industry, wey mainly dey base for de ''Labeobarbus'' barbs top, Nile tilapia den sharptooth catfish. According to de Ethiopian Department of Fisheries den Aquaculture, dem land 1,454 tons of fish for 2011 insyd at Bahir Dar, wey de department dem estimate am be 15% of ein sustainable amount.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080228033847/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm "Information on Fisheries Management in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228033847/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm|date=28 February 2008}}, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), January 2003</ref> Nevertheless, for a review insyd dat compare catches for 2001 insyd to dem ten years earlier, dem find dat typical sizes of both de tilapia den de catfish significantly decrease, den populations of de ''Labeobarbus'' barbs dat dey breed for de tributaries insyd decline significantly.<ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> Among de endemic fish, dem consider most threatened (endangered anaa vulnerable) anaa data deficient (available data insufficient give evaluating a status) by de IUCN.<ref>{{cite web |year=2019 |title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/ |access-date=18 November 2019 |publisher=IUCN}}<!-- search the individual species name to get the status of each species --></ref> For de early 2000s insyd, de local government give de first time introduce a fisheries legislation den dem hope dis go get a positive effect for de fish populations top.<ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> Oda serious threats be habitat destruction den pollution. Bahir Dar becam a large city den e dey rapidly grow; dem generally release ein wastewater directly into de lake.<ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> De vegetation for de lake ein wetlands insyd, wey be an important nursery give de ''Labeobarbus'' den oda fish, dem already clear am at a fast pace. A potentially serious threat to de unique ecosystem go be an introduction of a large den efficient predatory species like de Nile perch, wey dem implicate am for numerous extinctions insyd for [[Lake Victoria]] insyd. De piscivorous ''Labeobarbus'' of Lake Tana be relatively inefficient predators dat only fi take fish up to about 15% of de length of de predator einself.<ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> === Oda fauna === [[File:Pelicans on the lake Tana, Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Great white pelicans for Lake Tana top]]Among oda fauna, de lake dey support relatively few invertebrates: Der be fifteen species of mollusks, wey dey include one endemic, den sanso an endemic freshwater sponge.<ref name="FEOW" /> About 230 species of birds, wey dey include more dan 80 wetland birds such as de great white pelican, African darter, hamerkop, storks, African spoonbill, ibis, ducks, kingfishers den African fish eagle, dem know dem from Lake Tana.<ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> E be an important resting den feeding ground give many Palearctic migrant waterbirds.<ref name="FEOW" /> Der dey no crocodiles, buh de African softshell turtle den Nile monitor dem already record dem near de Blue Nile outflow from de lake.<ref>Largen and Spawls (2010). ''The Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea.'' {{ISBN|978-3-89973-466-9}}</ref> Hippos dey present, mostly near de Blue Nile outflow.<ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> == References == <references /> === Works cited === * Garstin, William Edmund; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Tsana|"Tsana"]] . In [[:en:Hugh_Chisholm|Chisholm, Hugh]] (ed.). ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 347–348. == External links == {{Commons}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210702215353/https://www.laketana-biosphere.com/ Homepage of Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190817131333/https://en.nabu.de/projects/ethiopia/tana/index.html Lake Tana project webpage of De Nature den Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU e.V.)] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223747/http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/iges/research-groups/quaternary/palaeoecology-laboratory/lake-tana/ Lake Tana project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223747/http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/iges/research-groups/quaternary/palaeoecology-laboratory/lake-tana/ |date=3 March 2016 }} at Aberystwyth University *[http://www.galenfrysinger.com/blue_nile_ethiopia.htm Photographs of de lake] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20040913205524/http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D2511%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html Unesco plan for Lake T'ana] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090701031152/http://www.impetusinmundum.de/documentation/Album.html?Bildliste=5a0c198f-5a0c19cc&Region=Lake+Tana Pictures from Lake Tana den de Monasteries] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Lake Tana| ]] [[Category:Lakes of Ethiopia|Tana]] [[Category:Amhara Region]] [[Category:Blue Nile]] [[Category:Ethiopian Highlands]] [[Category:Mountain lakes|Tana]] [[Category:Nile basin]] [[Category:Biosphere reserves of Ethiopia]] [[Category:Freshwater ecoregions of Africa]] [[Category:Important Bird Areas of Ethiopia]] r7s54kq4jlcuyy11f5kra7cza3lfgxl 0 27435 116384 108611 2026-11-07T23:42:52Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De beliefs den practices of African people be highly diverse den dey include various ethnic religions.<ref name="mol">Encyclopedia of African Religion (Sage, 2009) [[Molefi Kete Asante]]</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ndlovu|first=Tommy Matshakayile|title=Imikhuba lamasiko AmaNdebele|date=1995|publisher=Mambo Press|others=Doris Ndlovu, Bekithemba S. Ncube|isbn=0-86922-624-X|location=Gweru, Gasiya Zimbabwe|oclc=34114180}}</ref> Generally, dese traditions be oral rather dan scriptural wey dem be passed down from one generation to another thru narratives, songs, myths, den festivals.<ref>{{cite book | last=Juergensmeyer | first=Mark | title=The Oxford handbook of global religions | url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse_i0h0 | publisher=Oxford University Press | publication-place=Oxford | date=2006 | isbn=0-19-513798-1 | oclc=64084086}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Mbiti | first=John S. | title=Introduction to African religion | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoaf0000mbit_a2y5 | publisher=Heinemann Educational Books | publication-place=Oxford [England] | date=1991 | isbn=0-435-94002-3 | oclc=24376978}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nweke |first=Kizito Chinedu |date=2022-12-25 |title=Responding to new Imageries in African indigenous Spiritualties |url=https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/Religious/article/view/20246 |journal=Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=271–282 |doi=10.15575/rjsalb.v6i3.20246 |s2cid=255213985 |issn=2528-7249|doi-access=free }}</ref> Dem dey include beliefs insyd spirits den higher den lower gods, sometimes dey include a supreme being, as well as de veneration of de dead, use of magic, den African traditional medicine. Chaw religions fi be described as animistic<ref name="Kimmerle 15">{{Cite journal|last=Kimmerle|first=Heinz|date=2006-04-11|title=The world of spirits and the respect for nature: towards a new appreciation of animism|journal=The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa|language=en-US|volume=2|issue=2|page=15|doi=10.4102/td.v2i2.277|issn=2415-2005|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Vontress 2005 124–137">{{Citation|last=Vontress|first=Clemmont E.|title=Animism: Foundation of Traditional Healing in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=2005|url=https://sk.sagepub.com/books/integrating-traditional-healing-practices-into-counseling-and-psychotherapy/n11.xml|work=Integrating Traditional Healing Practices into Counseling and Psychotherapy|pages=124–137|publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc.|access-date=2019-10-31|doi=10.4135/9781452231648|isbn=978-0-7619-3047-1|url-access=subscription}}</ref> plus various polytheistic den pantheistic aspects.<ref name="mol"/><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section6.shtml An African Story] [[BBC]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20151102074637/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section6.shtml Archived] November 2, 2015, at the [[Wayback Machine]].</ref> De role of humanity be generally seen as one of harmonizing nature plus de supernatural.<ref name="mol"/><ref>[https://hts.org.za/index.php/HTS/article/view/341/758#17 What is religion? An African understanding] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160521115514/http://www.hts.org.za/index.php/HTS/article/view/341/758#17 Archived] May 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.</ref> ==Traditions by region== Dis list be limited to a few well-known traditions. ===Central Africa=== *Bantu mythology (Central, Southeast, Southern Africa) **Bushongo mythology (Congo) **Kongo religion (Congo) **Lugbara mythology (Congo) ** Baluba mythology (Congo) **Mbuti mythology (Congo) *Bwiti (Gabon) *Hausa animism ([[Chad]], [[Gabon]]) *Lotuko mythology (South Sudan) ===East Africa=== *Kushite mythology (central parts of Sudan plus origins insyd Kerma culture) *Bantu mythology (Central, Southeast, Southern Africa) **Abaluhya mythology (Kenya) **Chagga religion (Tanzania) **Dini Ya Msambwa (Bungoma, Trans Nzoia, Kenya) **Gikuyu mythology (Kenya) **Akamba mythology **Aembu mythology (Kenya) *Dinka religion (South Sudan) *Malagasy mythology ([[Madagascar]]) *Maasai mythology (Kenya, Tanzania, Ouebian) *Kalenjin mythology (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania) *Waaqeffanna (Ethiopia den Kenya) *Somali mythology (Somalia) ===Northern Africa=== *Ancient Egyptian religion (Egypt, Sudan) **Kemetism *Kushite mythology (along de Nile valley insyd Egypt den Sudan) *Punic religion (Tunisia, Algeria, Libya) *Traditional Berber religion (Morocco (wey dey include Western Sahara), Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, Burkina Faso) **Church of the Guanche People (Canary Islands) ===Southern Africa=== *Bantu mythology (Central, Southeast, Southern Africa) **Lozi mythology (Zambia) **Tumbuka mythology (Malawi) **Zulu traditional religion (South Africa) *Badimo (South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho) *San religion (Botswana, Namibia, den South Africa) *Traditional healers of South Africa *Indigenous religion insyd Zimbabwe ===West Africa=== *Abwoi religion (Nigeria) *Akan religion (Ghana, Ivory Coast) *Dahomean religion (Benin, Togo) *Efik religion (Nigeria, Cameroon) *Edo religion (Benin kingdom, Nigeria) *Hausa animism (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gana/Ghana, Ivory Coast, Niger, Nigeria, Togo) *Ijaw religion (Ijo people, [[Nigeria]]) *Godianism (a religion wey be purported to encompass all traditional religions of Africa, primarily dem base on ''Odinala'') *Odinala (Igbo people, [[Nigeria]]) *Asaase Yaa ([[Bono people]], Gana/Ghana den Ivory Coast) *Serer religion (A ƭat Roog) (Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania) *Yoruba religion (Nigeria, Benin, Togo) *Vodou (Gana/Ghana, Benin, Togo, Nigeria) *Dogon religion (Mali) ===African diaspora=== Afro-American religions involve ancestor worship den include a creator deity along plus a pantheon of divine spirits such as de Orisha, Loa, Vodun, Nkisi den Alusi, among odas. In addition to de religious syncretism of dese various African traditions, chaw sanso incorporate elements of Folk Catholicism wey dey include folk saints den oda forms of folk religion, Native American religion, Spiritism, Spiritualism, Shamanism (sometimes dey include de use of Entheogens) den European folklore. Various "doctoring" spiritual traditions sanso exist such as Obeah den Hoodoo wich focus on spiritual health.<ref>{{cite book|title=Routes to slavery: direction, ethnicity, and mortality in the transatlantic slave trade|first1=David|last1=Eltis|first2=David|last2=Richardson|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=1997|page=88|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kuXEzQZQmawC&pg=PA88|isbn=0-7146-4820-5}}</ref> African religious traditions insyd de Americas fi vary. Dem fi get non-prominent African roots anaa fi be almost wholly African in nature, such as religions like Trinidad Orisha.<ref>{{cite book|title=Spirits, Blood, and Drums: The Orisha Religion in Trinidad|url=https://archive.org/details/spiritsblooddrum0000houk|first1=James|last1=Houk|publisher=Temple University Press|year=1995|isbn=1-56639-350-7}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q386498|c=Category:African Religion|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} *[http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/ Afrika world.net] A website with extensive links and information about traditional African religions {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601074020/http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/ |date=2019-06-01 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210308164315/https://culture-exchange.blog/animism-modern-africa culture-exchange.blog/animism-modern-africa] An article explaining the parallels between traditional and modern religious practices in Africa {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:African Traditional Religion}} [[Category:Traditional African religions| ]] [[Category:Sub-Saharan Africa]] [[Category:Religion insyd Africa]] [[Category:Religion-related lists by continent]] [[Category:Religious places]] p7y5l26nq78x5tszngzanct7zxfq38q 0 28640 116385 112899 2026-11-08T02:33:16Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Conceptual-map-illustrating-the-connections-among-nonhuman-nature-ecosystem-services-environmental-ethics-environmental.jpg|thumb|350px|Conceptual map wey dey show how nature, ecosystem services, environmental ethics, environmental justice, den public health connect together.]] [[File:2016 EPI Environmental Health Objective (26170609558).jpg|thumb|350px|Environmental health indicator (2016). E get three main categories: health impacts, air quality, den water plus sanitation. dehealth impacts category include deenvironmental risk exposure indicator.]] '''Environmental health''' be branch of public health wey dey focus on all de things for de natural environment wey dem build environment wey fit affect human health. De study dey help identify wetin be de requirements for healthy environment, so dat people fit control de factors wey dey affect health insyd an effective way.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Dovjak |first1=Mateja |chapter=Health Outcomes Related to Built Environments |year=2019 |title=Creating Healthy and Sustainable Buildings |pages=43–82 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-19412-3_2 |isbn=978-3-030-19411-6 |s2cid=190160283 |last2=Kukec |first2=Andreja |doi-access=free}}</ref> De main sub-disciplines for environmental health be environmental science, toxicology, environmental epidemiology, environmental medicine, den occupational medicine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kelley |first=Timothy |date=2008-07-21 |title=The ecology of environmental health |journal=Environmental Health Insights |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=25–26 |doi=10.1177/117863020800200001 |issn=1178-6302 |pmc=3091335 |pmid=21572828|bibcode=2008EnvHI...200200K }}</ref> == Definitions == === WHO definitions === World Health Organization (WHO) define environmental health for one document wey dem publish for 1989 as: Those aspects of human health den disease that be determined by factors insyd deenvironment'''.'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is environmental health? |url=https://www.ehinz.ac.nz/indicators/overview/what-is-environmental-health/#:~:text=Environmental%20health%20refers%20to%20aspects,psychosocial%20factors%20in%20the%20environment |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=ehinz.ac.nz |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211064151/https://ehinz.ac.nz/indicators/overview/what-is-environmental-health/#:~:text=Environmental%20health%20refers%20to%20aspects,psychosocial%20factors%20in%20the%20environment |archive-date=2023-12-11}}</ref> Dem still describe am as de theory plus practice of assessing den controlling de factors for de environment wey fit affect people dema health.<ref>{{Cite book |last=von Schirnding |first=Yasmin E.R. |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/35585 |title=Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health |date=February 2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-966175-6 |editor-last=Detels |editor-first=Roger |edition=6 |pages=1523–1541 |chapter=11.5 Environmental health practice |doi=10.1093/med/9780199661756.003.0240 |access-date=2024-08-12 |editor-last2=Gulliford |editor-first2=Martin |editor-last3=Karim |editor-first3=Quarraisha Abdool |editor-last4=Tan |editor-first4=Chorh Chuan |chapter-url=https://academic.oup.com/book/35585/chapter-abstract/306374236}}</ref> {{as of|2016}}, de WHO website about environmental health talk say: Environmental health dey cover all de physical, chemical, den biological factors outside a person, plus all de related factors wey fit affect human behaviour. E include de assessment den control of those environmental factors wey fit affect health. demain aim be to prevent diseases den create environments wey support good health. This definition no include behaviours wey no relate to de environment, behaviours wey relate to de social den cultural environment, or genetics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Health topics: Environmental health |url=https://www.who.int/topics/environmental_health/en/ |access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Brooks |first1=Bryan W. |last2=Gerding |first2=Justin A. |last3=Landeen |first3=Elizabeth |last4=Bradley |first4=Eric |last5=Callahan |first5=Timothy |last6=Cushing |first6=Stephanie |last7=Hailu |first7=Fikru |last8=Hall |first8=Nancy |last9=Hatch |first9=Timothy |last10=Jurries |first10=Sherise |last11=Kalis |first11=Martin A. |last12=Kelly |first12=Kaitlyn R. |last13=Laco |first13=Joseph P. |last14=Lemin |first14=Niki |last15=McInnes |first15=Carol |year=2019 |title=Environmental Health Practice Challenges and Research Needs for U.S. Health Departments |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=127 |issue=12 |page=125001 |doi=10.1289/EHP5161 |issn=1552-9924 |pmc=6957286 |pmid=31799881 |last16=Olsen |first16=Greg |last17=Stratman |first17=Robert |last18=White |first18=Carolyn |last19=Wille |first19=Steven |last20=Sarisky |first20=John|bibcode=2019EnvHP.127l5001B }}</ref><ref name="i386">{{Cite journal |last1=MacArthur |first1=I. |last2=Bonnefoy |first2=X. |year=1997 |title=Environmental health services in Europe. 1. An overview of practice in the 1990s |journal=WHO Regional Publications. European Series |volume=76 |pages=vii–xii, 1–177 |issn=0378-2255 |pmid=9557583}}</ref> Environmental health still dey check how exposure to things like air pollution, contaminated water, den chemicals fit affect people's health as time dey go.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2025-05-09 |title=Environmental Hazards and Risks |url=https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/environmental-hazards-risks/index.html |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Yellow Book |language=en-us}}</ref> === Other considerations === People fit also see de term '''environmental medicine''' as one medical specialty, or as one branch under debroader field of environmental health.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Experts See Growing Importance of Adding Environmental Health Content to Medical School Curricula |url=https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/experts-see-growing-importance-adding-environmental-health-content-medical-school-curricula |access-date=2021-08-02 |website=AAMC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schwartz |first1=Brian S. |last2=Rischitelli |first2=Gary |last3=Hu |first3=Howard |date=September 2005 |title=Editorial: The Future of Environmental Medicine in Environmental Health Perspectives: Where Should We Be Headed? |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=113 |issue=9 |pages=A574–A576 |doi=10.1289/ehp.113-1280414 |issn=0091-6765 |pmc=1280414 |pmid=16140601}}</ref> People never fully agree on determinology, den for plenty European countries, dem dey use both terms to mean desame thing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=environmental medicine — European Environment Agency |url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/help/glossary/eea-glossary/environmental-medicine |access-date=2021-08-02 |publisher=Europa (web portal) |language=en}}</ref> Other terms wey people dey use for, or wey closely relate to, environmental health include '''environmental public health''' den '''health protection'''.<ref>{{Citation |last=Jennings |first=Bruce |chapter=Environmental and Occupational Public Health |year=2016 |title=Public Health Ethics: Cases Spanning the Globe |volume=3 |pages=177–202 |editor-last2=H. Barrett |editor-first2=Drue |editor-last=W. Ortmann |editor-first=Leonard |editor-last3=Dawson |editor-first3=Angus |editor-last4=Saenz |editor-first4=Carla |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK435781/ |access-date=2023-06-13 |series=Public Health Ethics Analysis |place=Cham (CH) |publisher=Springer |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-23847-0_6 |isbn=978-3-319-23846-3 |pmid=28590693 |s2cid=168480156|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Disciplines == Five main disciplines dey normally contribute to defield of environmental health, though some of dem dey overlap: * '''Environmental epidemiology''' dey study de relationship between environmental exposures (including exposure to chemicals, radiation, microbiological agents, den others) den human health. Observational studies, wey simply observe exposures wey people don already experience, be very common for environmental epidemiology because e no dey ethical to deliberately expose human beings to agents wey people know or suspect say e fit cause disease. Even though researchers no fit use experimental study designs be one limitation, this discipline dey observe de effects directly on human health instead of estimating de effects from animal studies.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Epidemiology |first1=National Research Council (US) Committee on Environmental |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK233640/ |title=Environmental Epidemiology: The Context |last2=Sciences |first2=National Research Council (US) Commission on Life |date=1997 |publisher=National Academies Press (US) |language=en}}</ref> Environmental epidemiology na destudy of how physical, biological, den chemical factors for deexternal environment dey affect human health. E still dey examine specific populations or communities wey different environmental conditions expose to understand derelationship between physical, biological, or chemical factors den human health.<ref>{{Cite book |last=National Research Council (US) Committee on Environmental Epidemiology |title=Environmental Epidemiology, Volume 1 |date=1991-01-01 |isbn=978-0-309-04496-7 |doi=10.17226/1802 |pmid=25121252}}</ref> * '''Toxicology''' dey study how exposure to things for deenvironment fit lead to specific health problems, mostly by using animals so researchers fit understand depossible effects on human health. Toxicology get advantage because researchers fit carry out randomized controlled trials den other experimental studies with animal subjects. But plenty differences still dey between animal biology den human biology, so people need to take care when dem dey interpret results from animal studies for human health.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toxicology |url=https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/science/toxicology |access-date=2021-08-02 |website=National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |language=en}}</ref> * '''Exposure science''' dey study how human beings dey come insyd contact with environmental contaminants by identifying den measuring delevel of exposure. Exposure science fit support environmental epidemiology by giving a clearer description of environmental exposures wey fit lead to a particular health outcome. E fit also identify common exposures wey toxicology studies fit investigate further, or support risk assessments to determine whether current exposure levels pass derecommended limits. One major advantage of exposure science be say e fit measure exposure to specific chemicals very accurately. However, e no provide direct information about health outcomes like environmental epidemiology or toxicology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exposure Science |url=https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/science/exposure |access-date=2021-08-02 |website=National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |language=en}}</ref> * '''Environmental engineering''' dey apply scientific den engineering principles to protect people from deharmful effects of environmental factors, protect deenvironment from deharmful effects of both natural den human activities, den improve deoverall quality of deenvironment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Environmental Engineers: Occupational Outlook Handbook:: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/environmental-engineers.htm#tab-2 |access-date=2021-08-02 |website=bls.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> * '''Environmental law''' include denetwork of treaties, statutes, regulations, common laws, den customary laws wey address deeffects of human activities on denatural environment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Environmental law |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/environmental-law |access-date=2021-08-02 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-05 |title=INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW – Folorunso and Co. |url=https://folorunsoandco.com/international-environmental-law-and-basic-principles-of-environmental-law/ |access-date=2023-10-19 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004235656/https://folorunsoandco.com/international-environmental-law-and-basic-principles-of-environmental-law/ |archive-date=2023-10-04}}</ref> Information from epidemiology, toxicology, den exposure science fit combine together to carry out '''risk assessment''' for specific chemicals, mixtures of chemicals, or other risk factors, so researchers fit determine whether a particular exposure dey pose serious risk to human health (meaning deexposure fit likely cause pollution-related diseases). deresults fit help develop den implement environmental health policies, for example, policies wey regulate chemical emissions or set stdenards for proper sanitation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Frumkin |first=Howard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTgSBW8jE8QC&q=environmental+health+from+global+to+local+by+howard+frumkin&pg=PP1 |title=Environmental Health: from Global to Local |publisher=Wiley |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-470-56776-0 |edition=2 |location=San Francisco |pages=XXX-LIII |chapter=Introduction}}</ref> Engineering den legal intervention strategies fit also work together to monitor den manage exposure risks, with demain aim of protecting human health.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Benson |first1=C |last2=Obasi |first2=IC |last3=Akinwande |first3=DV |last4=Ile |first4=C |title=The impact of interventions on health, safety and environment in the process industry. |journal=Heliyon |date=15 January 2024 |volume=10 |issue=1 |article-number=e23604 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23604 |doi-access=free |pmid=38173504 |pmc=10761781 |bibcode=2024Heliy..1023604B }}</ref> === Pediatric environmental health === '''Children's environmental health''' na academic discipline wey dey study how environmental exposures for early life—including chemical, biological, nutritional, den social exposures—dey affect children's health den development, den even demma health throughout de whole human life span.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Landrigan PL and Etzel RA. |title=Textbook of Children's Environmental Health |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-992957-3 |location=New York |page=3}}</ref> Pediatric environmental health base on deunderstanding say children no be "small adults." Babies den children get demma own unique ways of exposure den special vulnerabilities. deenvironmental risks wey babies den children face differ from those of adults both insyd quality den quantity. Pediatric environmental health be highly interdisciplinary. E dey bring together general pediatrics, many pediatric subspecialties, epidemiology, occupational medicine, environmental medicine, medical toxicology, industrial hygiene, den exposure science. == Concerns == [[File:Health effects of pollution.png|thumb|upright=1.6|Overview of demain health effects of some common types of pollution on human beings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Resources Institute: August 2008 Monthly Update: Air Pollution's Causes, Consequences and Solutions |url=http://earthtrends.wri.org/updates/node/325 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501181320/http://earthtrends.wri.org/updates/node/325 |archive-date=May 1, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview of Waterborne Disease Trends |url=http://www.waterhealthconnection.org/chapter3.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905155251/http://www.waterhealthconnection.org/chapter3.asp |archive-date=September 5, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Potential Health Effects of Pesticides |url=http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/FreePubs/pdfs/uo198.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811175133/http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/FreePubs/pdfs/uo198.pdf |archive-date=2013-08-11 |publisher=Pennsylvania State University}}</ref>]] [[File:FEMA - 16491 - Photograph by John Fleck taken on 09-30-2005 in Mississippi.jpg|thumb|FEMA/EPA Hazardous Materials Team dey remove hazardous materials wey Hurricane Katrina leave behind for 2005.]] [[File:How is our sick planet making us sick.webm|thumb|Lecture by Joyeeta Gupta (University of Amsterdam) about environmental health.]] Environmental health concerns include: * Biosafety. * Disaster preparedness den response. * Food safety, including agriculture, transportation, food processing, wholesale, den retail distribution den sales. * Housing, including decontrol of substandard housing den inspection of jails den prisons. * Prevention of childhood lead poisoning. * Land use planning, including smart growth. * Disposal of liquid waste, including municipal wastewater treatment plants den on-site wastewater disposal systems such as septic tanks den chemical toilets. * Management den disposal of medical waste. * Occupational health den industrial hygiene. * Radiological health, including exposure to ionizing radiation from X-rays or radioactive isotopes. * Prevention of recreational water illnesses from swimming pools, spas, oceans, rivers, lakes, den other freshwater bathing places. * Solid waste management, including landfills, recycling facilities, composting, den solid waste transfer stations. * Exposure to toxic chemicals from consumer products, homes, workplaces, air, water, or soil. * Toxins from molds den algal blooms. * Vector control, including decontrol of mosquitoes, rodents, flies, cockroaches, den other animals wey fit spread pathogens. According to recent estimates for Europe, about 5% to 10% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) wey people lose dey happen because of environmental causes. de biggest contributor by far be fine particulate matter pollution for urban air.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National and regional story (Netherlands) - Environmental burden of disease in Europe: the EBoDE project — European Environment Agency |date=17 November 2011 |url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/2010/countries/nl/national-and-regional-story-netherlands-1 |publisher=Europa (web portal)}}</ref> Likewise, researchers estimate say environmental exposures contribute to 4.9&nbsp;million (8.7%) deaths den 86 million (5.7%) DALYs globally.<ref name="y052">{{Cite journal |last1=Prüss-Ustün |first1=Annette |last2=Vickers |first2=Carolyn |last3=Haefliger |first3=Pascal |last4=Bertollini |first4=Roberto |year=2011 |title=Knowns and unknowns on burden of disease due to chemicals: a systematic review |journal=Environmental Health |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=9 |doi=10.1186/1476-069X-10-9 |issn=1476-069X |pmc=3037292 |pmid=21255392 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2011EnvHe..10....9P }}</ref> For deUnited States, Superfund sites wey different companies create don prove say dem dey dangerous to both human health den deenvironment for nearby communities. Na this perceived threat—especially de fear of miscarriages, mutations, birth defects, den cancers—wey make depublic worry pass.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Schleicher |first=D |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bg2f9CyXwscC |title=But is it True?: A Citizen's Guide to Environmental Health and Safety Issues |date=1995 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-08923-5 |editor-last=Wildavsky |editor-first=Aaron B |pages=153–184 |chapter=Superfund's abandoned hazardous waste sites |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bg2f9CyXwscC}}</ref> === Air quality === Air quality include both outdoor (ambient) air quality den indoor air quality. Some of de biggest concerns about air quality include environmental tobacco smoke, air pollution from different kinds of chemical waste, den other forms of air pollution wey fit affect human health. ==== Outdoor air quality ==== Air pollution dey cause more than 6.5&nbsp;million deaths worldwide every year, {{as of|2022}}.<ref name="h352">{{Cite journal |last1=Fuller |first1=Richard |last2=Landrigan |first2=Philip J |last3=Balakrishnan |first3=Kalpana |author-link3=Kalpana Balakrishnan |last4=Bathan |first4=Glynda |last5=Bose-O'Reilly |first5=Stephan |last6=Brauer |first6=Michael |last7=Caravanos |first7=Jack |last8=Chiles |first8=Tom |last9=Cohen |first9=Aaron |last10=Corra |first10=Lilian |last11=Cropper |first11=Maureen |last12=Ferraro |first12=Greg |last13=Hanna |first13=Jill |last14=Hanrahan |first14=David |last15=Hu |first15=Howard |year=2022 |title=Pollution and health: a progress update |journal=The Lancet Planetary Health |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=e535–e547 |doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0 |pmid=35594895 |doi-access=free |last16=Hunter |first16=David |last17=Janata |first17=Gloria |last18=Kupka |first18=Rachael |last19=Lanphear |first19=Bruce |last20=Lichtveld |first20=Maureen |last21=Martin |first21=Keith |last22=Mustapha |first22=Adetoun |last23=Sanchez-Triana |first23=Ernesto |last24=Sandilya |first24=Karti |last25=Schaefli |first25=Laura |last26=Shaw |first26=Joseph |last27=Seddon |first27=Jessica |last28=Suk |first28=William |last29=Téllez-Rojo |first29=Martha María |last30=Yan |first30=Chonghuai|pmc=11995256 |bibcode=2022LanPH...6.e535F }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Air pollution |url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution |access-date=2024-08-12 |publisher=World Health Organization |language=en}}</ref> Air pollution be major risk factor for diseases like lung cancer, respiratory infections, asthma, heart disease, den many other respiratory illnesses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=7 million premature deaths annually linked to air pollution |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/25-03-2014-7-million-premature-deaths-annually-linked-to-air-pollution |access-date=2024-08-12 |publisher=World Health Organization |language=en}}</ref> When air pollution reduce, adult mortality too dey reduce, which means improving air quality fit save plenty lives.<ref name="c579">{{Cite journal |last1=Rovira |first1=Joaquim |last2=Domingo |first2=José L. |last3=Schuhmacher |first3=Marta |author-link3=Marta Schuhmacher |year=2020 |title=Air quality, health impacts and burden of disease due to air pollution (PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3): Application of AirQ+ model to the Camp de Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain) |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=703 |article-number=135538 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135538 |pmid=31759725 |bibcode=2020ScTEn.70335538R }}</ref> [[File:Air pollution amid blue skies, the day after reopening from lockdown near Mumbai.jpg|thumb|Factory for Mumbai dey release air pollution.]] Some of de common sources of emissions include road traffic, energy production, household fuel burning, aviation, motor vehicles, den other pollution sources.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/204585 |title=Preventing disease through healthy environments: a global assessment of the burden of disease from environmental risks |last1=Prüss-Üstün |first1=Annette |last2=Wolf |first2=J. |year=2016 |publisher=World Health Organization |language=en |last3=Corvalán |first3=Carlos F. |last4=Bos |first4=R. |last5=Neira |first5=Maria Purificación |isbn=978-92-4-156519-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=2015-09-10 |title=Overview of Air Pollution from Transportation |url=https://www.epa.gov/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change/overview-air-pollution-transportation |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> These activities involve burning fuel, which dey release harmful particles insyd deair. Humans den other living organisms fit breathe insyd or swallow these particles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Pollution and Your Health |url=https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/air-pollution |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |language=en}}</ref> Air pollution dey linked with serious health problems such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, den even death.<ref name="p599">{{Cite journal |last1=Abdo |first1=Nour |last2=Khader |first2=Yousef S. |last3=Abdelrahman |first3=Mostafa |last4=Graboski-Bauer |first4=Ashley |last5=Malkawi |first5=Mazen |last6=Al-Sharif |first6=Munjed |last7=Elbetieha |first7=Ahmad M. |date=2016-06-01 |title=Respiratory health outcomes and air pollution in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review |journal=Reviews on Environmental Health |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=259–280 |doi=10.1515/reveh-2015-0076 |pmid=27101544 |bibcode=2016RvEH...31.0076A |issn=2191-0308}}</ref> The risk wey air pollution pose depend on how dangerous de pollutant be den how much exposure deperson get.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Vallero |first=Daniel |title=Fundamentals of Air Pollution |date=2014-08-13 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-401733-7 |publication-place=Amsterdam Boston}}</ref> For example, one child wey dey play sports outside every day get higher chance of exposure to outdoor air pollution than one adult wey spend most of detime inside office or house.<ref name=":0" /> Environmental health officials dey work to identify people wey get high risk of exposure to air pollution, identify derisk factors wey dey communities, den help reduce de overall exposure of dewhole community.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Manisalidis |first1=Ioannis |last2=Stavropoulou |first2=Elisavet |last3=Stavropoulos |first3=Agathangelos |last4=Bezirtzoglou |first4=Eugenia |date=2020-02-20 |title=Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review |journal=Frontiers in Public Health |language=English |volume=8 |article-number=14 |doi=10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014 |doi-access=free |pmid=32154200 |pmc=7044178 |bibcode=2020FrPH....8...14M |issn=2296-2565}}</ref> ==== Indoor air quality ==== Indoor air quality (IAQ) be an important aspect of smart water systems insyd Africa because water supply den treatment facilities can influence dequality of air inside buildings. Poorly maintained water systems may promote degrowth of mould, bacteria, den other microorganisms, which can release pollutants insyd indoor environments. Smart water technologies help monitor water quality, humidity, leaks, den ventilation conditions, reducing health risks associated with contaminated indoor air. Smart sensors installed insyd buildings can detect leaks, excessive moisture, den water stagnation, allowing facility managers to respond quickly before mould develops. insyd hospitals, schools, offices, den residential buildings, these systems contribute to healthier indoor environments by preventing water-related air pollution. Water treatment facilities also use digital monitoring systems to ensure that chemicals such as chlorine be applied at safe levels. Automated ventilation systems integrated with smart building technologies help remove airborne contaminants generated during water treatment processes. Several African countries be adopting smart building management systems that combine water monitoring with heating, ventilation, den air conditioning (HVAC) controls. These integrated systems improve energy efficiency while maintaining healthy indoor conditions. Although adoption remains limited due to infrastructure den financial constraints, growing investments insyd smart cities den green buildings be increasing de use of intelligent water den environmental monitoring systems across Africa. ===== Benefits ===== * Reduces mould growth caused by water leaks den dampness. * Improves occupant health by maintaining cleaner indoor air. * Enables early detection of plumbing failures den water contamination. * Supports energy-efficient building management. * Reduces maintenance costs through predictive monitoring. ===== Challenges ===== * High installation den maintenance costs. * Limited technical expertise insyd integrated building management systems. * Inadequate digital infrastructure insyd many regions. * Lack of standards for smart indoor environmental monitoring. * Limited awareness among building owners den facility managers. ==== Climate change adaptation ==== Smart water systems play an increasingly important role insyd helping African countries adapt to deeffects of climate change. Rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, prolonged droughts, floods, den increasing water scarcity have placed significant pressure on water resources across de continent. Digital technologies enable water managers to monitor these changes insyd real time den respond more effectively. Remote sensors, satellite imagery, weather forecasting, den Geographic Information Systems (GIS) be used to monitor rainfall, river flows, groundwater levels, reservoir storage, den soil moisture. These data help governments, utilities, den farmers make informed decisions about water allocation, irrigation scheduling, den emergency response during droughts den floods. Smart irrigation systems reduce water consumption by applying water only when crops require it. Combined with weather forecasts den soil moisture sensors, these systems improve agricultural productivity while conserving limited water resources. insyd regions frequently affected by drought, such technologies enhance food security den strengthen deresilience of farming communities. Urban water utilities also use smart monitoring systems to prepare for climate-related disasters. Early warning systems can detect rising river levels, pipeline failures, or abnormal water demand during extreme weather events. Automated control systems allow operators to manage reservoirs, pumping stations, den drainage infrastructure more efficiently, reducing deimpacts of flooding den water shortages. Nature-based solutions be increasingly being integrated with smart water management. Digital monitoring supports de restoration of wetlands, watersheds, forests, den river ecosystems by tracking environmental conditions den evaluating conservation efforts. These approaches improve water quality, groundwater recharge, den biodiversity while strengthening resilience to climate change. International organizations, research institutions, den development partners continue to support African countries through climate adaptation programmes that promote digital water technologies, capacity building, den sustainable infrastructure. However, widespread implementation remains constrained by limited financial resources, inadequate technical capacity, unreliable electricity, den unequal access to digital technologies. ===== Adaptation strategies ===== * Real-time monitoring of water resources. * Smart irrigation based on weather den soil moisture data. * Flood forecasting den early warning systems. * Digital monitoring of reservoirs den groundwater. * Integration of satellite data den GIS for water planning. * Nature-based water management supported by environmental monitoring. ===== Benefits ===== * Improves resilience to droughts den floods. * Enhances food security through efficient irrigation. * Supports sustainable water resource management. * Reduces disaster risks through early warning systems. * Improves long-term planning under changing climate conditions. ==== Water governance den policy ==== Effective water governance be essential for de successful implementation of smart water systems insyd Africa. Water governance refers to de processes, institutions, laws, den policies used to manage water resources den provide reliable water services. Smart water technologies support better governance by improving data collection, transparency, accountability, den decision-making. Traditional water management systems insyd many African countries often face challenges such as limited access to accurate data, weak monitoring systems, ageing infrastructure, den difficulties insyd coordinating between different institutions. Smart water systems address these challenges by providing real-time information about water availability, consumption patterns, infrastructure performance, den service delivery. Digital platforms allow water authorities to collect den analyse large amounts of data from sensors, meters, satellites, den customer systems. This information helps policymakers develop evidence-based strategies for water allocation, conservation, den infrastructure development. Open data initiatives can also improve public participation by allowing communities, researchers, den organizations to access water-related information. Smart water technologies contribute to improved accountability among water service providers. Automated metering systems reduce billing errors, detect illegal connections, den improve revenue collection. Leak detection technologies help utilities reduce non-revenue water, which be a major challenge affecting many African water providers. Government policies den regulatory frameworks play a key role insyd encouraging smart water adoption. Countries that establish clear standards for digital infrastructure, data protection, water quality monitoring, den public-private partnerships be better positioned to benefit from smart water innovations. Regional organizations such as de African Union den various water management institutions have emphasized de importance of digital transformation den integrated water resource management. Collaboration between governments, technology companies, research institutions, den local communities be necessary to ensure that smart water systems be inclusive den sustainable. Despite these opportunities, challenges remain, including limited funding, weak institutional capacity, poor coordination between agencies, den concerns about data ownership den cybersecurity. Addressing these issues be important for creating effective den equitable smart water governance systems across Africa. ===== Governance applications ===== * Digital water information management platforms. * Real-time monitoring of water supply networks. * Automated billing den smart metering systems. * Data-driven water policy development. * Public access to water information. * Improved coordination among water institutions. ===== Policy requirements ===== * Development of national smart water strategies. * Investment insyd digital infrastructure den skills development. * Strong regulations for data protection den cybersecurity. * Support for research den innovation. * Promotion of partnerships between government den private sectors. ==== Artificial intelligence den machine learning insyd smart water systems ==== Artificial intelligence (AI) den machine learning (ML) be emerging technologies that be transforming smart water systems insyd Africa. These technologies allow water authorities den utilities to analyse large amounts of data collected from sensors, satellites, smart meters, den monitoring devices to improve water management decisions. AI-powered systems can identify patterns insyd water consumption, predict equipment failures, detect leaks, den optimize water distribution networks. By analysing historical den real-time data, machine learning algorithms can forecast water demand, helping utilities manage limited water resources more efficiently. One major application of AI insyd smart water management be predictive maintenance. Traditional water infrastructure maintenance often depends on scheduled inspections or responses after failures occur. AI systems can analyse pressure changes, flow rates, den equipment performance to predict possible pipe failures before they happen. This reduces repair costs den prevents service interruptions. AI technologies be also being used to improve water quality monitoring. Machine learning models can analyse data from water sensors to detect unusual changes insyd chemical composition, pollution levels, den microbial risks. Early detection allows authorities to take corrective measures before contaminated water reaches consumers. In agriculture, AI-based smart irrigation systems combine weather data, satellite imagery, den soil information to determine de exact amount of water required by crops. This helps farmers increase productivity while reducing unnecessary water use. African cities be increasingly exploring AI applications as part of smart city development. Water utilities can integrate artificial intelligence with Internet of Things (IoT) devices, geographic information systems (GIS), den cloud computing platforms to create more responsive den efficient water networks. However, deadoption of AI insyd African water systems faces several challenges. These include limited access to high-quality datasets, inadequate digital infrastructure, high technology costs, shortage of AI specialists, den concerns about data privacy. Addressing these barriers requires investment insyd education, research, digital infrastructure, den collaboration between governments, universities, den technology companies. ===== Applications of AI insyd smart water systems ===== * Predicting water demand den consumption patterns. * Detecting leaks den abnormal water usage. * Predictive maintenance of pipelines den equipment. * Automated water quality monitoring. * Optimizing irrigation systems. * Supporting climate change forecasting den planning. ===== Benefits ===== * Improves efficiency of water management. * Reduces operational den maintenance costs. * Enables faster responses to water problems. * Supports evidence-based decision-making. * Enhances conservation of water resources. ===== Challenges ===== * Limited availability of reliable water datasets. * High cost of AI infrastructure. * Shortage of technical expertise. * Cybersecurity den data privacy concerns. * Unequal access to digital technologies. ==== Internet of Things (IoT) den smart water networks ==== The Internet of Things (IoT) be one of dekey technologies supporting dedevelopment of smart water systems insyd Africa. IoT refers to networks of connected devices that collect, exchange, den analyse data through digital communication systems. insyd smart water management, IoT devices such as sensors, smart meters, controllers, den monitoring equipment help water providers track den manage water resources more effectively. IoT-based smart water networks use sensors installed insyd pipelines, reservoirs, treatment plants, den distribution systems to collect real-time information on water flow, pressure, quality, den consumption. This information be transmitted through communication networks to centralized platforms where it can be analysed den used for decision-making. One of demost important applications of IoT be leak detection. Water losses from damaged pipes den illegal connections be major challenges for many African water utilities. IoT sensors can identify unusual changes insyd pressure den flow, allowing maintenance teams to locate den repair leaks quickly. This reduces water waste den improves de reliability of water supply systems. Smart meters connected through IoT networks provide households den businesses with accurate information about demma water consumption. These systems encourage responsible water use by allowing users to monitor demma usage patterns den identify unnecessary consumption. For utilities, smart meters improve billing accuracy, reduce operational costs, den increase revenue collection. IoT technologies be also being used insyd rural water supply systems. Solar-powered monitoring devices can track deoperation of boreholes, pumps, den community water facilities insyd remote areas. This enables organizations den governments to identify failures quickly den improve access to safe drinking water. The integration of IoT with artificial intelligence, cloud computing, den geographic information systems creates advanced smart water networks capable of automatic decision-making. These integrated systems can optimize water distribution, predict future demand, den improve emergency responses during droughts or floods. Despite its advantages, IoT adoption insyd Africa faces challenges such as limited internet connectivity, unreliable electricity supply, high equipment costs, den lack of technical skills for installation den maintenance. Expanding digital infrastructure den developing local expertise be important steps toward wider adoption of IoT-based water management solutions. ===== IoT applications insyd smart water systems ===== * Real-time monitoring of pipelines den water facilities. * Smart water metering for households den industries. * Automated leak detection. * Remote monitoring of rural water systems. * Water quality sensing den alerts. * Intelligent control of pumps den treatment facilities. ===== Benefits ===== * Reduces water losses den improves efficiency. * Provides accurate den timely water data. * Supports preventive maintenance. * Improves service delivery insyd urban den rural areas. * Enables better resource planning. ===== Challenges ===== * Limited network coverage insyd some regions. * High costs of IoT devices den connectivity. * Energy supply challenges insyd remote locations. * Need for technical training den maintenance capacity. * Cybersecurity risks affecting connected systems. ==== Big data analytics den cloud computing ==== Big data analytics den cloud computing be important components of modern smart water systems insyd Africa. These technologies enable water organizations to collect, store, process, den analyse large volumes of information generated from smart meters, sensors, satellites, weather stations, den customer management platforms. Traditional water management systems often rely on manual data collection den delayed reporting, making it difficult for authorities to respond quickly to water challenges. Big data analytics improves this process by transforming large datasets insyd useful information that supports planning, monitoring, den decision-making. Water utilities can use big data analytics to understand consumption patterns, identify areas with high water demand, predict future requirements, den optimize distribution networks. By analysing historical den real-time data, utilities can reduce water losses, improve service reliability, den allocate resources more effectively. Cloud computing provides digital storage den processing capabilities that allow water institutions to manage large datasets without requiring expensive physical infrastructure. Cloud-based platforms enable remote access to water information, allowing engineers, policymakers, den researchers to collaborate den make decisions from different locations. In urban areas, cloud-based smart water platforms can integrate information from multiple sources, including water treatment plants, pipelines, weather systems, den customer meters. This creates a comprehensive view of deentire water supply network den helps operators detect problems early. Big data analytics also supports climate change adaptation by analysing environmental information such as rainfall trends, drought conditions, groundwater levels, den river flows. These insights help governments develop strategies for water conservation den emergency response. In agriculture, farmers den irrigation managers use data analytics to improve water efficiency. Combining information from soil sensors, satellite images, den weather forecasts allows farmers to apply deright amount of water at de right time, reducing waste den improving crop productivity. However, de use of big data den cloud computing insyd Africa faces challenges including limited internet connectivity, high costs of digital services, shortage of data science expertise, den concerns about data security den ownership. Strengthening digital infrastructure den developing technical skills be necessary to maximize de benefits of these technologies. ===== Applications of big data analytics ===== * Monitoring water consumption trends. * Predicting water demand. * Identifying leaks den infrastructure failures. * Analysing climate den environmental data. * Supporting water policy den planning. * Improving agricultural water management. ===== Applications of cloud computing ===== * Centralized storage of water data. * Remote access to monitoring platforms. * Data sharing between institutions. * Integration of multiple smart water technologies. * Supporting artificial intelligence den machine learning systems. ===== Benefits ===== * Faster den more accurate decision-making. * Improved water resource planning. * Reduced operational costs. * Better coordination among stakeholders. * Enhanced ability to respond to climate challenges. ===== Challenges ===== * Poor internet infrastructure insyd some areas. * Data privacy den cybersecurity risks. * Limited technical expertise. * High costs of digital transformation. * Unequal access to advanced technologies. ==== Geographic Information Systems (GIS) den remote sensing ==== Geographic Information Systems (GIS) den remote sensing be important technologies used insyd smart water systems across Africa. These technologies allow water managers to collect, analyse, visualize, den interpret information about water resources den infrastructure based on geographic locations. GIS combines digital maps with data from different sources, including water networks, population information, land use patterns, rainfall records, den environmental conditions. insyd smart water management, GIS helps authorities understand de location den condition of water infrastructure such as pipelines, boreholes, reservoirs, treatment plants, den distribution networks. Water utilities use GIS to improve infrastructure planning den maintenance. By mapping pipelines den monitoring demma performance, utilities can identify areas with frequent breakdowns, prioritize repairs, den plan future expansion. This be particularly useful insyd rapidly growing African cities where demand for water services continues to increase. Remote sensing uses satellite images den aerial observations to monitor water resources over large areas. Satellites can provide information about surface water bodies, groundwater conditions, rainfall patterns, vegetation changes, den drought impacts. This makes remote sensing valuable for managing water resources insyd regions where ground-based monitoring be limited. In agriculture, GIS den remote sensing support precision irrigation by helping farmers identify crop conditions, soil moisture levels, den areas affected by water stress. These technologies reduce unnecessary water use den improve agricultural productivity. GIS-based systems be also used for disaster management. During floods, satellite data den geographic analysis help authorities identify vulnerable communities, monitor flood extent, den coordinate emergency responses. During droughts, these tools support deassessment of water availability den deplanning of conservation measures. The combination of GIS, remote sensing, IoT sensors, den artificial intelligence creates powerful decision-support systems for smart water management. These integrated platforms allow governments den organizations to monitor water resources more accurately den develop sustainable solutions. Despite demma benefits, de adoption of GIS den remote sensing technologies insyd Africa faces challenges such as limited access to high-resolution data, shortage of trained specialists, high costs of equipment den software, den inadequate institutional capacity. Investments insyd training, open data systems, den affordable digital tools be important for expanding demma use. ===== Applications of GIS insyd smart water systems ===== * Mapping water supply infrastructure. * Planning water distribution networks. * Monitoring pipeline conditions. * Supporting urban water planning. * Identifying areas with poor water access. * Managing water-related emergencies. ===== Applications of remote sensing ===== * Monitoring rivers, lakes, den reservoirs. * Measuring drought den flood impacts. * Estimating rainfall den soil moisture. * Supporting groundwater assessment. * Monitoring agricultural water needs. * Tracking environmental changes. ===== Benefits ===== * Improves water resource mapping den planning. * Supports evidence-based decision-making. * Enables monitoring of large den remote areas. * Reduces costs of field surveys. * Strengthens climate change adaptation. ===== Challenges ===== * Limited technical expertise. * Cost of specialized equipment den software. * Poor availability of local datasets. * Limited institutional capacity. * Difficulties integrating different data sources. == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [http://www.niehs.nih.gov NIEHS] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Environmental Health}} [[Category:Environmental health| ]] [[Category:Environmental social science]] [[Category:Environmental science]] 46r14ipnpwszg6xh2kajhlcz4h8gvha 0 29815 116390 113092 2026-11-08T05:19:46Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Laura Kate Harvey''' (born 15 May 1980) be an English football manager den former player<ref name="arsenal_profile">{{Cite web |title=Laura Harvey |url=http://www.arsenal.com/ladies/coaching-staff/laura-harvey |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212000353/http://www.arsenal.com/ladies/coaching-staff/laura-harvey |archive-date=12 February 2012 |access-date=21 December 2012 |publisher=Arsenal}}</ref> wey currently dey manage Seattle Reign FC of de American National Women's Soccer League (NWSL).<ref name="return2">{{cite news|title=LAURA HARVEY RETURNS AS HEAD COACH OF OL REIGN|url=https://www.olreign.com/news/laura-harvey-returns-as-head-coach-of-ol-reign|access-date=15 July 2021|publisher=OL Reign|date=15 July 2021|archive-date=21 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321033912/https://www.olreign.com/news/laura-harvey-returns-as-head-coach-of-ol-reign|url-status=dead}}</ref> She dey hold USSF "A" den UEFA "A" coaching licences.<ref name="ussf-bio2">{{cite web |title=Laura Harvey|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/h/laura-harvey#:~:text=Harvey%20holds%20a%20USSF%20%E2%80%9CA,from%20Henley%20College%20in%201998.|publisher=US Soccer|access-date=8 October 2022}}</ref> Harvey previously manage de United States women's national under-20 soccer team, Utah Royals FC, Arsenal, den Birmingham City. Na she be an assistant coach plus de United States women's national soccer team as well as England ein U-17, U-19 den U-23 national teams. Harvey be named FA WSL Manager of de Year insyd 2011 after guiding Arsenal to win de league title, FA Cup, den Continental Cup. She be named NWSL Coach of de Year insyd 2014, 2015, den 2021. She be de second woman to earn a U.S. Soccer Pro Licence.<ref name="soccerwire-u20">{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2021 |title=Laura Harvey departs U-20 USWNT head coach role to re-join OL Reign |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/laura-harvey-departs-u-20-uswnt-head-coach-role-to-re-join-ol-reign/ |access-date=23 July 2023 |publisher=SoccerWire}}</ref> Harvey be de first coach insyd NWSL history to coach 200 regular season games. As of July 2023, she dey hold de NWSL record for most regular season wins.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rantz |first=Suzie |date=July 1, 2023 |title=Laura Harvey will remain as OL Reign head coach through 2025 |url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/2023/7/1/23780527/laura-harvey-ol-reign-head-coach-2025 |access-date=24 July 2023 |publisher=Sounder at Heart |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724003912/https://www.sounderatheart.com/2023/7/1/23780527/laura-harvey-ol-reign-head-coach-2025 |archive-date=24 July 2023}}</ref> == Early life == Harvey grow up insyd Bulkington, a village insyd Warwickshire insyd de West Midlands region of England. She attend The George Eliot School insyd Nuneaton.<ref name="cov_2011">{{Cite web |last=Bagot |first=Martin |title=Gunning UP FOR THE CUP: boss Laura Harvey with from the FA holding Factor star Paije will perform at the for Cup glory; WHY ARSENAL LADIES BOSS HAS THE 'HOME ADVANTAGE' IN FINAL |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Gunning+UP+FOR+THE+CUP%3A+boss+Laura+Harvey+with+from+the+FA+holding...-a0256030961 |access-date=21 December 2012 |publisher=Coventry Newspapers}}</ref> Na ein poppie be a full-time high school teacher den a football coach wey work give The Football Association (FA) den Coventry City F.C. during ein kiddie time.<ref name="lh_coventry_youth_20112">{{cite web|title=Bulkington woman gunning for success with Arsenal Ladies|url=http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/bulkington-woman-gunning-success-arsenal-3043901|publisher=Coventry Telegraph|accessdate=23 January 2015|date=11 May 2011}}</ref> She often go attend men's Premier League games plus ein poppie wer he teach am den ein bro to "make dem no just watch de ball, buh everything else wey dey go on."<ref name="soccer-america-midlands2">{{cite web |title=Laura Harvey on her Midlands soccer upbringing, taking charge of the US U-20s, and working with college coaches|url=https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/87041/laura-harvey-on-her-midlands-soccer-upbringing-ta.html?verified=1|publisher=SoccerAmerica|access-date=24 July 2023|date=October 21, 2020}}</ref> Harvey begin dey play football at a young age on boys teams den insyd neighborhood pickup games along plus Laura Bassett as na der no be youth girls league available.<ref name="soccer-america-midlands2" /> As a teenager, Harvey play give Coventry City L.F.C. for six years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ARSENAL Ladies coach Laura Harvey has praised her former club Coventry City Ladies |url=http://www.cclfc.co.uk/news/arsenal-ladies-coach-laura-harvey-praised-former-club-coventry-city-ladies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106165907/http://www.cclfc.co.uk/news/arsenal-ladies-coach-laura-harvey-praised-former-club-coventry-city-ladies.aspx |archive-date=6 January 2014 |access-date=21 December 2012 |publisher=Coventry City LFC}}</ref> She graduate from de University of Wolverhampton plus a bachelor's degree insyd Sports Studies.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2011 |title=Laura Harvey – Arsenal Football Club, Ladies Manager |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awX5NGVbNcI |access-date=23 January 2015 |publisher=University of Wolverhampton}}</ref> == Playing career == At age 22, Harvey rupture ein ACL while playing give Birmingham City; she subsequently retire from playing.<ref name="cov_2011" /><ref name="rmc_061312">{{Cite web |title=COACH DEVELOPMENT WITH LAURA HARVEY – ARSENAL LADIES |url=http://rickymastercoach.com/2012/06/13/coach-development-with-laura-harvey-arsenal-ladies/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930053038/http://rickymastercoach.com/2012/06/13/coach-development-with-laura-harvey-arsenal-ladies/ |archive-date=30 September 2012 |access-date=21 December 2012 |publisher=RickyMasterCoach.com}}</ref> She previously play give Wolverhampton Wanderers W.F.C.<ref name="st_122112">{{Cite web |last=Mayers |first=Joshua |title=Reign FC hires Laura Harvey of the Arsenal Ladies as its first head coach |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/soundersfcblog/2019953214_reign_fc_hires_laura_harvey_of.html |access-date=21 December 2012 |publisher=Seattle Times}}</ref> == Managerial career == === Club === ==== Birmingham City, 2002–2007 ==== Na dem name Harvey assistant coach for Birmingham City insyd 2002. Insyd 2007, na dem name am team manager.<ref name="lh_coventry_youth_20112" /> ==== Arsenal, 2008–2012 ==== Insyd 2008, Harvey join Arsenal as ein first team coach. De following year, dem hire am full-time as Assistant Academy Director den Reserve Team Manager.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2009 |title=Laura Harvey joins Ladies on full-time basis |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/ladies-news/laura-harvey-joins-ladies-on-full-time-basis |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123213731/http://www.arsenal.com/news/ladies-news/laura-harvey-joins-ladies-on-full-time-basis |archive-date=23 January 2015 |access-date=23 January 2015 |publisher=Arsenal}}</ref> [[File:Arsenal_Ladies.jpg|right|thumb|Harvey (top left) plus de Arsenal LFC insyd 2011]] Insyd February 2010, na dem hire Harvey to replace Tony Gervaise as manager for Arsenal. Of ein hiring, Harvey say, ''"It's a really proud moment for me. In women's football, especially domestically, it doesn't come any bigger than Arsenal. When you set out to coach and you know this is your dream and your love, you want to make it the best it can possibly be and in my eyes it doesn't get much bigger than this."''<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2010 |title=Laura Harvey becomes Arsenal Ladies manager |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/ladies-news/laura-harvey-becomes-arsenal-ladies-manager |access-date=23 January 2015 |publisher=Arsenal}}</ref> Insyd 2011, na dem name Harvey FAWSL Manager of de Year after guiding de team to win de league title, FA Cup, den Continental Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mayers |first=Joshua |date=21 December 2012 |title=Reign FC names decorated English coach Laura Harvey to head new women's team |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/sounders/2019957104_reign22.html |access-date=23 January 2015 |publisher=The Seattle Times}}</ref> She fini ein tenure plus Arsenal insyd 2012 having led de team to three consecutive league titles, two Continental Cups, den one FA Women's Cup.<ref name="st_1221122">{{cite web|last=Mayers|first=Joshua|title=Reign FC hires Laura Harvey of the Arsenal Ladies as its first head coach|url=http://seattletimes.com/html/soundersfcblog/2019953214_reign_fc_hires_laura_harvey_of.html|publisher=Seattle Times|accessdate=21 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Dave |title=Arsenal women clinch Women's Super League Champions |url=http://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/arsenal-women-clinch-women-s-super-league-champions-3560811#.UNTPYW9ERBk |access-date=21 December 2012 |publisher=tribalfootball |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123220515/http://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/arsenal-women-clinch-women-s-super-league-champions-3560811#.UNTPYW9ERBk |archive-date=23 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="awfc_honors">{{Cite web |date=22 December 2012 |title=Arsenal Ladies manager Laura Harvey to join Seattle Reign |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/20824368 |access-date=23 January 2015 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Harvey lead de Gunners to de UEFA Women's Champions League semi-finals twice.<ref name="ussf-bio">{{Cite web |title=Laura Harvey |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/h/laura-harvey#:~:text=Harvey%20holds%20a%20USSF%20%E2%80%9CA,from%20Henley%20College%20in%201998. |access-date=8 October 2022 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> ==== Seattle Reign FC, 2013–2017 ==== On 21 December 2012, na dem name Harvey head coach of Seattle Reign FC for de inaugural season of de National Women's Soccer League, a new professional league insyd de United States.<ref name="st_1221122" /><ref name="uefa_121212">{{Cite web |date=21 December 2012 |title=Harvey leaves Arsenal for Seattle |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0257-0def164b1415-fc2cf37f8375-1000--harvey-leaves-arsenal-for-seattle/ |access-date=21 December 2012 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref><ref name="prost_122112">{{Cite web |date=21 December 2012 |title=Laura Harvey Interview – Meet Seattle's Newest Coach |url=http://www.prostamerika.com/2012/12/21/75937/75937 |access-date=21 December 2012 |website=Prost Amerika |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104082456/http://www.prostamerika.com/2012/12/21/75937/75937 |archive-date=4 January 2013}}</ref> De Reign face a tough first half of de season wey dem go 0–9–1 insyd dema first ten games after all three of dema American allocated players be unavailable: na Hope Solo be out for wrist surgery den recovery, na Amy Rodriguez be out for de season secof pregnancy, wey na Megan Rapinoe dey return mid-season after a six-month stint give Olympique Lyonnais.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oshan |first=Jeremiah |title=Seattle Reign's Hope Solo will miss 3–4 months after wrist surgery |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-womens-soccer/2013/3/9/4082994/seattle-reign-hope-solo-injury |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924105115/http://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-womens-soccer/2013/3/9/4082994/seattle-reign-hope-solo-injury |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=5 September 2013 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> Plus de return of Solo, Rapinoe, den sam additional lineup changes dem make during de early summer, de Reign turn dema regular season record around wey dem fini de season insyd seventh place plus a 5–14–3 record.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2013 Seattle Reign FC |url=http://www.nwslsoccer.com/teams/57943897/58150141-57943898/TEAM.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903052245/http://www.nwslsoccer.com/teams/57943897/58150141-57943898/TEAM.html |archive-date=3 September 2013 |access-date=5 September 2013 |publisher=National Women's Soccer League}}</ref> Insyd August 2013, Harvey sign a contract extension plus de Reign thru 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seattle Reign sign head coach Laura Harvey to contract extension through 2017 |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-womens-soccer/2013/8/22/4648480/seattle-reign-sign-head-coach-laura-harvey-extension |access-date=12 September 2013 |website=Sounder At Heart |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824151453/http://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-womens-soccer/2013/8/22/4648480/seattle-reign-sign-head-coach-laura-harvey-extension |archive-date=24 August 2013}}</ref> She lef de club insyd November 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2017 |title=Laura Harvey and Vlatko Andonovski Discuss the Future of Reign FC |url=https://medium.com/@ReignFC/laura-harvey-and-vlatko-andonovski-discuss-the-future-of-reign-fc-378d6f667729 |access-date=7 November 2017 |website=The Bold |publisher=Seattle Reign FC}}</ref> [[File:Jessfishlock_lauraharvey.png|right|thumb|240x240px|Harvey (right) plus Jess Fishlock, September 2016]] During de 2014 season, Harvey lead de Reign to set a league record unbeaten streak of 16 games during de first part of de season. During de 16 game stretch, de team compile a 13–0–3 record.<ref>{{cite news|title=Seattle Reign FC sees unbeaten streak end at 16|url=http://seattletimes.com/html/reign/2024057783_reign13xml.html|accessdate=12 November 2014|work=The Seattle Times|date=12 July 2014}}</ref> De Reign fini first insyd de regular season clinching de NWSL Shield for de first time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2014 |title=Reign Dominate Dash to Clinch Shield |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2014/7/30/5954319/reign-dominate-dash-to-clinch-shield |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123192354/http://www.sounderatheart.com/2014/7/30/5954319/reign-dominate-dash-to-clinch-shield |archive-date=23 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> After defeating de Washington Spirit 2–1 insyd de playoff semi-finals, na de Reign be defeated 2–1 by FC Kansas City during de championship final.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bird |first=Liviu |date=31 August 2014 |title=FC Kansas City beats Seattle Reign to win NWSL championship |url=https://www.si.com/planet-futbol/2014/08/31/amy-rodriguez-fc-kansas-city-nwsl-champions-over-seattle-reign |access-date=21 January 2015 |publisher=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> Following de regular season, na dem name Harvey de league ein Coach of de Year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pentz |first=Matt |date=27 August 2014 |title=Seattle's Laura Harvey named NWSL coach of the year |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/soundersfc/2014/08/27/seattles-laura-harvey-named-nwsl-coach-of-the-year/ |access-date=23 January 2015 |publisher=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Insyd December 2014, na dem name am FA Coach of de Year by de FA, wey na she be a finalist for de FIFA World Coach of de Year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2014 |title=Seattle Reign's Laura Harvey named FA Coach of the Year |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11095/9593048/seattle-reigns-laura-harvey-named-fa-coach-of-the-year |access-date=23 January 2015 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> During de 2015 season, Harvey lead de Reign to fini first insyd de regular season clinching de NWSL Shield for de second consecutive season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2015 |title=SEATTLE REIGN WIN NWSL SHIELD FOR 2ND STRAIGHT SEASON |url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/news-commentary/story/_/id/13526128/seattle-reign-win-nwsl-shield-2nd-straight-season |access-date=10 October 2015 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> After defeating de Washington Spirit 3–0 insyd a playoff semi-final, na de Reign be defeated 1–0 by FC Kansas City during de championship final insyd Portland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldberg |first=Jamie |date=1 October 2015 |title=NWSL Championship Game: FC Kansas City 1, Seattle Reign 0 – Live chat and updates recap |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/portland-thorns/2015/10/national_womens_soccer_league_5.html |access-date=10 October 2015 |publisher=The Oregonian}}</ref> Following de 2015 regular season, na dem name Harvey NWSL Coach of de Year for de second consecutive time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pentz |first=Matt |date=18 September 2015 |title=Reign FC's Laura Harvey named NWSL Coach of the Year for second straight season |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/reign-fcs-laura-harvey-named-nwsl-coach-of-the-year-for-second-straight-season/ |access-date=10 October 2015 |publisher=The Seattle Times}}</ref> On 7 November 2017, de Reign announce say Harvey step down as head coach den general manager, den dat de team hire FC Kansas City coach Vlatko Andonovski, wey defeat Harvey ein Reign FC teams insyd de 2014 den 2015 NWSL championship matches, on ein recommendation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2017 |title=Laura Harvey resigns as Reign coach, GM; Vlatko Andonovski takes over |url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/21333790/laura-harvey-resigns-seattle-reign-head-coach-general-manager |access-date=15 November 2017 |publisher=[[ESPN]] |agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2017 |title=Laura Harvey and Vlatko Andonovski Discuss the Future of Reign FC |url=https://medium.com/@ReignFC/laura-harvey-and-vlatko-andonovski-discuss-the-future-of-reign-fc-378d6f667729 |access-date=15 November 2017 |publisher=[[Seattle Reign FC]]/TheBold.net}}</ref> ==== Utah Royals FC, 2018–2020 ==== On 27 November 2017, Utah Royals FC announce Harvey as dema first head coach.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sltrib.com/sports/rsl/2017/11/27/real-salt-lake-hires-laura-harvey-to-coach-new-womens-soccer-team/|title=Real Salt Lake hires Laura Harvey to coach new women's soccer team|date=27 November 2017|access-date=22 April 2023|work=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]]|first=Maddie|last=Lee}}</ref> De Royals launch plus players dem primarily source from de defunct FC Kansas City, wich na dem spend almost all of de 2017 season out of playoff contention. De team ein struggles continue insyd Utah during de 2018 season, playing five winless matches before dema first victory on 5 May against Washington Spirit. De team then go on a 5–2–2 run wey keep dem in contention for de table ein fourth-place spot den playoff qualification, dem then add mid-season reinforcements of Christen Press, Samantha Johnson, den Makenzy Doniak. However, de Royals stumble into a three-match losing streak insyd July, den a 4–1–2 finish no be enough to qualify for de postseason.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ksl.com/article/46388541/utah-royals-end-inaugural-season-content-but-determined-to-improve-in-2019|title=Utah Royals end inaugural season content but determined to improve in 2019|date=9 September 2018|access-date=22 April 2023|work=[[KSL-TV|KSL]]|first=Sean|last=Walker}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2018/9/8/20653185/utah-royals-fc-concludes-inaugural-season-with-2-1-comeback-victory-over-chicago-red-stars|title=Utah Royals FC concludes inaugural season with 2-1 comeback victory over Chicago Red Stars|date=8 September 2018|access-date=22 April 2023|work=[[Deseret News]]|first=Ryan|last=McDonald}}</ref> Despite a strong 5–2–2 start to de 2019 season, de Royals fini de season 5–8–2 wey na dem be eliminated from NWSL playoff contention for de second consecutive season after losing to Chicago Red Stars on 28 September 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sltrib.com/sports/2019/09/29/utah-royals-fc-eliminated/|title=Utah Royals FC eliminated from playoffs with 2-1 loss to Chicago|date=28 September 2019|access-date=22 April 2023|work=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]]|first=Alex|last=Vejar}}</ref> While she initially expect to return to Utah for de 2020 season,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sltrib.com/sports/2019/10/24/royals-fc-gm-something/|title=Royals FC GM: 'Something has to change' after missing playoffs for second straight year|date=24 October 2019|access-date=22 April 2023|work=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]]|first=Alex|last=Vejar|quote=Harvey said she expects to return to Utah next season, though she won’t be the next coach of the U.S. Women’s National Team.}}</ref> on 7 January 2020 Royals FC announce say Harvey accept an appointment from U.S. Soccer to manage ein under-20 women's team.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/utah-royals-fc-parts-ways-with-head-coach-laura-harvey|title=Utah Royals FC parts ways with head coach Laura Harvey|date=7 January 2020|access-date=22 April 2023|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]|first=Matthew|last=Levine}}</ref> ==== Seattle Reign FC, 2021– ==== Harvey return to de Reign as head coach, wer na she previously coach from 2013 to 2017, after de 2020 Summer Olympics insyd August 2021.<ref name="return2" /> [[File:Harvey-Fishlock-2023.jpg|thumb|Jess Fishlock den Laura Harvey at Lumen Field insyd Seattle, July 2022]] De Reign fini second insyd de 2021 season plus a 13–8–3 season record, den 7–2–2 record under Harvey, buh dem loose to Washington Spirit 1–2 insyd de playoff semi-finals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/reign/ol-reign-season-ends-with-stunning-2-1-home-playoff-loss-to-washington-spirit/|title=OL Reign season ends with stunning 2-1 home playoff loss to Washington Spirit|date=14 November 2021|access-date=22 April 2023|work=[[Seattle Times]]|first=Jayda|last=Evans}}</ref> Na dem name Harvey 2021 NWSL Coach of de Year by a vote of owners, general managers, coaches, media, players, den fans; na de 2022 win be ein third.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/ol-reigns-laura-harvey-named-2021-nwsl-coach-of-the-year|title=OL Reign's Laura Harvey Named 2021 NWSL Coach of the Year|date=16 November 2021|access-date=22 April 2023|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League]]}}</ref> Insyd 2022, de Reign fini atop de NWSL table plus a 11–4–7 record wey e win ein third NWSL Shield, all under Harvey, buh dem loose to Kansas City Current 0–2 insyd de playoff semi-finals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kmbc.com/article/kc-current-championship-bound-semifinal/41747236|title=KC Current championship bound after semifinal victory over the OL Reign|date=23 October 2022|access-date=22 April 2023|work=[[KMBC-TV|KMBC News 9]]}}</ref> De Reign sanso fini atop de West Division of de 2022 NWSL Challenge Cup group stage plus an undefeated 4–0–2 record, buh dem fall to Washington Spirit insyd de playoff semi-finals 8–9 by penalty shoot-out after a scoreless draw.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2022/05/04/nwsl-washington-spirit-ol-reign-challenge-cup/|title=Spirit holds off OL Reign in PKs, advances to NWSL Challenge Cup final|date=4 May 2022|access-date=22 April 2023|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|first=Steven|last=Goff}}</ref> Harvey sanso lead de Reign to a 2022 The Women's Cup championship, defeating Club América insyd de semi-finals<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-reign/2022/8/17/23310368/ol-reign-club-america-womens-cup-victory-recap|title=OL Reign triumph over Club América in Women's Cup semifinal|date=17 August 2022|access-date=22 April 2023|work=Sounder at Heart|first=Jacob|last=Cristobal}}</ref> den hosts Racing Louisville FC insyd de finals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/sports/soccer/2022/08/21/racing-louisville-fc-falls-to-ol-reign-in-womens-cup-final/65411350007/|title=Racing Louisville was on its way to Women's Cup title repeat. OL Reign snatched it away|date=21 August 2022|access-date=22 April 2023|work=[[Louisville Courier Journal]]|first=J.L.|last=Kirven}}</ref> Na Harvey be a finalist for de 2022 NWSL Coach of de Year award. Insyd July 2023, Harvey cam be de first coach insyd league history to coach 200 regular season games. As of July 2023, she dey hold de NWSL record for most regular season wins.<ref name="sah-07232">{{cite web |last1=Rantz |first1=Suzie |date=July 1, 2023 |title=Laura Harvey will remain as OL Reign head coach through 2025 |url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/2023/7/1/23780527/laura-harvey-ol-reign-head-coach-2025 |access-date=24 July 2023 |publisher=Sounder at Heart |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724003912/https://www.sounderatheart.com/2023/7/1/23780527/laura-harvey-ol-reign-head-coach-2025 |archive-date=24 July 2023}}</ref> De same month, she extend ein contract as head coach thru de 2025 season.<ref name="sah-07232" /> Insyd an episode of de Soccerish podcast dem release on October 30, 2025, Harvey claim she use [[ChatGPT]] to generate suggested formations den tactics to use against NWSL opponents during de 2025 season, den after researching den reviewing de suggestions plus ein staff then dem employ ChatGPT ein suggested five-back formation against two of those opponents.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/oct/30/laura-harvey-chatgpt-seattle-reign-nwsl-tactics|title=Seattle Reign coach Laura Harvey says she used ChatGPT for team tactics|date=30 October 2025|access-date=31 October 2025|first1=Alexander|last1=Abnos|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kassouf |first=Jeff |date=30 October 2025 |title=Reign coach Harvey: ChatGPT helped with tactics, formations |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/46792636/reign-coach-harvey-chatgpt-helped-tactics-formations |access-date=31 October 2025 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> === International === From 2005–2011, Harvey serve as assistant coach give England's U-17, U-19 den U-23 national teams.<ref name="st_1221122" /><ref name="equalizer_122112">{{Cite web |last=Bird |first=Liviu |title=Ex-Arsenal Ladies coach takes over as Seattle Reign boss |url=http://equalizersoccer.com/2012/12/21/highly-successful-women%E2%80%99s-epl-coach-takes-over-seattle-reign/ |access-date=21 December 2012 |publisher=Equalizer Soccer}}</ref> Harvey be named as coach of de United States U-23 national team for a tournament insyd Spring 2017, after coaching dem thru a January camp. She reportedly take on an expanded role plus de United States Soccer Federation following ein exit from de Seattle Reign FC organization.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lauletta |first=Dan |date=7 November 2017 |title=Official: Reign name Vlatko Andonovski head coach after Laura Harvey steps down |url=http://equalizersoccer.com/2017/11/07/official-reign-name-vlatko-andonovski-head-coach-after-laura-harvey-steps-down/ |access-date=15 November 2017 |publisher=Equalizer Soccer}}</ref> From January 2020 to July 2021, na Harvey be de head coach of de United States women's national under-20 soccer team; she sanso serve as an assistant coach of de United States women's national soccer team.<ref name="us_u202">{{cite news|title=LAURA HARVEY HIRED AS HEAD COACH FOR OL REIGN|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2021/07/laura-harvey-leaves-us-soccer-to-re-join-ol-reign|access-date=16 July 2021|publisher=US Soccer|date=15 July 2021}}</ref> Harvey lead de U-20 team on a seven-game unbeaten streak den championship win at de 2020 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship insyd de Dominican Republic. De team, wich include future senior national team stars [[Sophia Wilson|Sophia Smith]], [[Trinity Rodman]], den [[Naomi Girma]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 13, 2020 |title=Laura Harvey selects USA roster for Concacaf Women's U-20 Championship |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/laura-harvey-selects-usa-roster-for-concacaf-womens-u-20-championship/ |access-date=24 July 2023 |publisher=SoccerWire}}</ref> outscore ein opponents 44-1 at de tournament.<ref name="soccerwire-u202">{{cite web |title=Laura Harvey departs U-20 USWNT head coach role to re-join OL Reign|url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/laura-harvey-departs-u-20-uswnt-head-coach-role-to-re-join-ol-reign/|publisher=SoccerWire|access-date=23 July 2023|date=July 15, 2021}}</ref> Secof de COVID-19 pandemic den subsequently dem cancel FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, Harvey get limited coaching opportunities during dis time though she credit de experience as a good learning den personal growth period.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2023 |title=Tobin Heath & Christen Press Discuss USA's 1s World Cup Match w/ Coach Laura Harvey Episode 2 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmFwes_YzSw&list=PLewEwnkn7mFRm25R-2uTiiEvyBNHNFPx5 |access-date=24 July 2023 |publisher=re-inc}}</ref> ==Managerial honours== '''Arsenal'''<ref name="awfc_honors" /> * [[FA Women's Premier League]]: [[2009–10 FA Women's Premier League|2009–10]] * [[FA Women's Super League]]: [[2011 FA WSL|2011]], [[2012 FA WSL|2012]] * [[FA Women's League Cup]]: 2011, 2012 * [[Women's FA Cup]]: [[2011 FA Women's Cup Final|2011]] '''Seattle Reign FC''' * [[NWSL Shield]]: [[2014 National Women's Soccer League season|2014]], [[2015 National Women's Soccer League season|2015]], [[2022 National Women's Soccer League season|2022]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Seattle Reign FC Capture NWSL Shield |url=http://www.nwslsoccer.com/News/826928.html |publisher=National Women's Soccer League |accessdate=3 August 2014 |date=31 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817101141/http://www.nwslsoccer.com/News/826928.html |archivedate=17 August 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.olreign.com/news/2022/10/1/match-recap-ol-reign-wins-2022-nwsl-shield|title=Match Recap: OL Reign Wins 2022 NWSL Shield|website=OL REIGN: WE ARE THE BOLD|access-date=2 October 2022|archive-date=29 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029034716/https://www.olreign.com/news/2022/10/1/match-recap-ol-reign-wins-2022-nwsl-shield|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=OL Reign claim NWSL Shield with comfortable win over Orlando |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37632476/ol-reign-claim-nwsl-shield-comfortable-win-orlando |publisher=ESPN |access-date=7 October 2022 |date=2 October 2022}}</ref> * [[The Women's Cup]]: [[2022 The Women's Cup|2022]]<ref>{{cite web |title=OL Reign Claim 2022 Women's Cup Title with 2-1 Win over Louisville |url=https://www.king5.com/article/sports/ol-reign-claim-2022-womens-cup-title-with-2-1-win-over-louisville/281-02e341dc-0186-4c81-b6a1-50662c2a15a7 |publisher=King 5 |access-date=7 October 2022 |date=20 August 2022}}</ref> '''United States U-20''' * [[CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship]]: [[2020 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship|2020]] '''Individual''' * [[NWSL Coach of the Year]]: 2014, 2015, 2021<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.olreign.com/news/laura-harvey-named-2021-nwsl-coach-of-the-year|title=Laura Harvey Named 2021 NWSL Coach of the Year|website=OL REIGN: WE ARE THE BOLD|access-date=16 November 2021|archive-date=24 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024163823/https://www.olreign.com/news/laura-harvey-named-2021-nwsl-coach-of-the-year|url-status=dead}}</ref> * FA Coach of the Year: 2014<ref>{{cite web|title=Harvey earns FA honour|url=http://www.football365.com/news/21554/9593048/Seattle-Reign-s-Laura-Harvey-named-FA-Coach-of-the-Year|publisher=Football 365|accessdate=6 December 2014|date=5 December 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210175212/http://www.football365.com/news/21554/9593048/Seattle-Reign-s-Laura-Harvey-named-FA-Coach-of-the-Year|archivedate=10 December 2014}}</ref> * FA Pro Game Female Elite Coach of the Year: 2014<ref name="facoty_2014">{{cite web|last1=Coupland|first1=Thomas|title=Laura Harvey Named Coach of the Year at FA Awards|url=http://www.thefa.com/news/st-georges-park/2014/dec/laura-harvey-named-coach-of-the-year|publisher=England Football Association|accessdate=18 October 2016|date=4 December 2014}}</ref> * [[The FA Women's Football Awards#Manager of the Year|FAWSL Manager of the Year]]: 2011<ref>{{cite web|title=Harvey is named Coach of the Season|url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/ladies-news/harvey-collects-fa-award-on-friday|publisher=Arsenal|accessdate=21 December 2012}}</ref> == References == <references /> ==External links== {{commons category|Laura Harvey}} * {{U.S. Soccer player|h/laura-harvey}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120212000353/http://www.arsenal.com/ladies/coaching-staff/laura-harvey Laura Harvey coach profile] at [[Arsenal W.F.C.|Arsenal]] (archived) {{DEFAULTSORT:Harvey, Laura}} [[Category:1980 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Seattle Reign FC head coaches]] [[Category:National Women's Soccer League head coaches]] [[Category:Arsenal W.F.C. managers]] [[Category:Birmingham City W.F.C. players]] [[Category:Women's Super League managers]] [[Category:English women's football managers]] [[Category:Alumni of de University of Wolverhampton]] [[Category:Women's association football midfielders]] [[Category:English women's footballers]] [[Category:Wolverhampton Wanderers W.F.C. players]] [[Category:Utah Royals FC head coaches]] [[Category:English expatriate football managers]] [[Category:English expatriate sportspeople insyd de United States]] [[Category:Footballers wey komot Nuneaton]] [[Category:United States women's national soccer team non-playing staff]] [[Category:21st-century English sportswomen]] 8py2hm2kd37khelth2ioifgas26vvwv 0 30318 116392 113765 2026-11-08T06:31:31Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, and guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] ntsgdbzzypcxyytyl4i5gssu7iihbvt 116393 116392 2026-11-08T06:35:32Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL). == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] iolnnwlq9yjcicp9xm55o0o1qc1g2ac 116394 116393 2026-11-08T06:36:04Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] mrzezjijyp2olfgsbu4xoiu9j4sq7fg 116395 116394 2026-11-08T06:37:17Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] tun2smqdopvrlusshso6kbsvcaub1yo 116396 116395 2026-11-08T06:40:49Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 5j1484q3ez9yi11pem74yt8m5jiyj5w 116397 116396 2026-11-08T06:41:47Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] e6s8ajvhr4d6rjv8axbzkc8b0cbhj27 116398 116397 2026-11-08T06:42:10Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] a6j9ko10evajmqbrq9mc2h15lv0ykus 116399 116398 2026-11-08T06:45:53Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] l2e5j7bir14f62znl05fzf40ud1lsre 116400 116399 2026-11-08T06:46:15Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref name=":1" /> == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] f9bkqdp4jjzf0gthck2f2qwhwyk7da8 116401 116400 2026-11-08T06:46:49Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] pzvqyo8t9iqkhxka8i19p3bf3zu2z79 116403 116401 2026-11-08T06:50:03Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] sh2hlko58uh321dvnbltavv1vpbx5el 116404 116403 2026-11-08T06:50:51Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] dhazeaeyxyo5loq1rch477jin4vlr48 116405 116404 2026-11-08T06:54:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] pjxuy9q20zzy8o3jmkuv8b3dlrw4rdh 116406 116405 2026-11-08T06:56:14Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 249rcf57z1n4zt869dblcex3ko8edhg 116407 116406 2026-11-08T06:56:34Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] nzj1rfzyeb8efywjn2yyf634akese5r 116408 116407 2026-11-08T06:56:52Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 371nr5ezg2brhy6x1fzrayskhzfym56 116411 116408 2026-11-08T07:10:43Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard. Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] h7o2kko34n5vnk9mzz94zalh1peh8iv 116412 116411 2026-11-08T07:11:21Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 4yq0gur898jt64dgmizw5ab7yl7prcu 116413 116412 2026-11-08T07:13:17Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] l1v5fwyfcpily4hcta97s4fqazkburo 116414 116413 2026-11-08T07:15:03Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 07xuqas9onz7rrtk8do3lhdoqih0kps 116415 116414 2026-11-08T07:19:24Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise. Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] ghm6h6vvumka7a5pqd9jgfnucustvmx 116417 116415 2026-11-08T07:19:49Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] q7fabwalrsnad8qwmwgrvroojrah9v3 116418 116417 2026-11-08T07:21:45Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] f46bbzium89s8jmhtu9hghf62tl8wfu 116419 116418 2026-11-08T07:22:57Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 241pl9txuk9swv0tup8veeq1h25donb 116420 116419 2026-11-08T07:24:02Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 62phrq78zohpjz2ig0yd488m12kijkb 116421 116420 2026-11-08T07:25:49Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 2uuwl5phywq3f6hgj4yqn6g19hcj7nl 116422 116421 2026-11-08T07:26:55Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 8io0be43mcj9cvjjrm6fh0x3r8h2rsv 116423 116422 2026-11-08T07:30:46Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]] == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 9mcnemipohn2ko8olmta6rsigu28img 116424 116423 2026-11-08T07:34:25Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution. Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 66yucgorp0j8wxceov2e076vgjobd4a 116425 116424 2026-11-08T07:35:18Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] ir03zgwnd6cv73bt8bpfjdd4vduh86w 116426 116425 2026-11-08T07:36:14Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 7bo4fiy4ezvsmiqxczhcqdre2h1l55k 116427 116426 2026-11-08T07:41:24Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 8leced5askqzvs39uxrwyuas5r1ipni 116428 116427 2026-11-08T07:42:10Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] d5jmhjnxz6c9i63u8ccougjjr2ft57r 116429 116428 2026-11-08T07:45:23Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design, speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 9i0u0gh4t9sl6pg3aav19ujfprhp4yg 116430 116429 2026-11-08T07:46:25Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] h7bjyvoyyhrvrfxal9w2chtfolw1vl3 116431 116430 2026-11-08T07:48:41Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] jy0qdimruz2jucflwgb19nua3ty2is0 116432 116431 2026-11-08T07:52:00Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics. Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] fgaegrif5jw7ak8dy3to9ltb44ay3pq 116433 116432 2026-11-08T07:52:39Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 6epjuaehrr18irpgqtpfgffd2amagiq 116434 116433 2026-11-08T07:56:10Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] opukgjxl0bdxch03vzoe4br0neszlia 116435 116434 2026-11-08T08:05:46Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]] == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 9dk6ahnm49xr45v3j7f621g2wwkzbc3 116436 116435 2026-11-08T08:07:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] ccvvqbjnxt3v3tn4jq541n4qggle880 116438 116436 2026-11-08T08:09:26Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] s5kg9u5obq656v7xde6zuelqxwqx4hd 116439 116438 2026-11-08T08:11:58Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport, Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport for California insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] o2qkuzldquwbn6t6cuigohyka3l436u 116440 116439 2026-11-08T08:13:23Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport for California insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] tq5n4fu1slbndmw626xn1mk8iibb6cf 116441 116440 2026-11-08T08:14:09Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] h377xn2rt7v9e6uk8bw732axoj3znhq 116442 116441 2026-11-08T08:16:47Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] c5ihepmz7v9tory6x4ch7zlbsqf47v4 116443 116442 2026-11-08T08:19:13Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] lna3mpopgezszzy8bz3ltxor5ka9ykw 116444 116443 2026-11-08T08:20:03Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 31e6ym38bloed71k1emdjdha3siqii6 116445 116444 2026-11-08T08:24:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] l9eotxgsyd8hq6khtl78r2794mzgdn6 116446 116445 2026-11-08T08:26:40Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]] == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] qj06mpd3huyhozx4j62bts5fqiw5cm9 116447 116446 2026-11-08T08:28:28Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] kv5zpkb4dfsj29nuw74athr2r5v11mq 116448 116447 2026-11-08T08:30:47Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 0d74a2qt91zjp5xijr18rkwqkm2gmtm 116449 116448 2026-11-08T08:32:16Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 69hde3zmk29helcgaqzulymlrmdui2u 116450 116449 2026-11-08T08:46:28Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]] == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] iygfxe1dtwp19gdrbm9eea0v7iehyfv 116451 116450 2026-11-08T08:48:14Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 1miwxk68wx0o3qwo8f18lpkiesbp2gv 116452 116451 2026-11-08T08:50:43Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (or remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 9zsv5luld6aocqp4betu94xol5nqm75 116453 116452 2026-11-08T08:52:28Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (or remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally), roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 93jfrzoa887170t16rr80c74zlf6oql 116454 116453 2026-11-08T08:53:33Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 5lqmgijbn7mjzglfo7dv07tyurt0tb6 116456 116454 2026-11-08T08:57:24Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] fo6o68wpkoj80s8pljxljmipl5q7jtt 116457 116456 2026-11-08T08:59:51Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards, (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] fsw1aud86gzfod4uif9ikgp69pobbic 116458 116457 2026-11-08T09:04:04Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards, (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] m5x2y4flokd5i0ih73wevtb2m5frw60 116459 116458 2026-11-08T09:05:32Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] dn2kiil3z2whkgj6n8msvusn98bewsr 116460 116459 2026-11-08T09:10:28Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. Both of de transmission effects wey dem note above fi emanate either from building occupants anaa from building mechanical systems wey dey include elevators, plumbing systems den heating, ventilating den air conditioning units. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 3ya2wb7vt0bqn6wgluegg239ocxgh8u 116461 116460 2026-11-08T09:10:45Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. Both of de transmission effects wey dem note above fi emanate either from building occupants anaa from building mechanical systems wey dey include elevators, plumbing systems den heating, ventilating den air conditioning units. For sam cases insyd, e dey merely necessary to specify de best available quieting technology for selecting such building hardware insyd. For oda cases insyd, shock mounting of systems to control vibration fi be for order insyd. For de case of plumbing systems insyd, der dey specific protocols wey dem develop, especially give water supply lines, to create isolation clamping of pipes within building walls. For de case of central air systems insyd, e dey important to baffle any ducts dat fi transmit sound between different building areas. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] r80ol39ibu9z7spmklgt3gl410ntu5c 116462 116461 2026-11-08T09:13:47Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. Both of de transmission effects wey dem note above fi emanate either from building occupants anaa from building mechanical systems wey dey include elevators, plumbing systems den heating, ventilating den air conditioning units. For sam cases insyd, e dey merely necessary to specify de best available quieting technology for selecting such building hardware insyd. For oda cases insyd, shock mounting of systems to control vibration fi be for order insyd. For de case of plumbing systems insyd, der dey specific protocols wey dem develop, especially give water supply lines, to create isolation clamping of pipes within building walls. For de case of central air systems insyd, e dey important to baffle any ducts dat fi transmit sound between different building areas. Designing special-purpose rooms get more exotic challenges, since dem rooms fi get requirements give unusual features wey dey include concert performance, sound studio recording, den lecture halls. For dem cases insyd, dem suppose analyze reverberation den reflection in order to not only quiet de rooms, but to prevent echo effects from occurring. For dem situations insyd, dem fi specify special sound baffles den sound absorptive lining materials to dampen unwanted effects. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 9gmmfns07hu2vdae7dd4f8nmoqrusyu 116464 116462 2026-11-08T09:19:54Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. Both of de transmission effects wey dem note above fi emanate either from building occupants anaa from building mechanical systems wey dey include elevators, plumbing systems den heating, ventilating den air conditioning units. For sam cases insyd, e dey merely necessary to specify de best available quieting technology for selecting such building hardware insyd. For oda cases insyd, shock mounting of systems to control vibration fi be for order insyd. For de case of plumbing systems insyd, der dey specific protocols wey dem develop, especially give water supply lines, to create isolation clamping of pipes within building walls. For de case of central air systems insyd, e dey important to baffle any ducts dat fi transmit sound between different building areas. Designing special-purpose rooms get more exotic challenges, since dem rooms fi get requirements give unusual features wey dey include concert performance, sound studio recording, den lecture halls. For dem cases insyd, dem suppose analyze reverberation den reflection in order to not only quiet de rooms, but to prevent echo effects from occurring. For dem situations insyd, dem fi specify special sound baffles den sound absorptive lining materials to dampen unwanted effects. == Post-architectural solutions == Acoustical wall den ceiling panels be a common commercial den residential solution give noise control for already-constructed buildings insyd. Dem fi construct acoustic panels of a variety of materials, though dem go frequently compose commercial acoustic applications of fiberglass anaa mineral wool-based acoustic substrates. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] hvjdjxkwrz32enjhqakxnies8o1e8e7 116465 116464 2026-11-08T09:23:28Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. Both of de transmission effects wey dem note above fi emanate either from building occupants anaa from building mechanical systems wey dey include elevators, plumbing systems den heating, ventilating den air conditioning units. For sam cases insyd, e dey merely necessary to specify de best available quieting technology for selecting such building hardware insyd. For oda cases insyd, shock mounting of systems to control vibration fi be for order insyd. For de case of plumbing systems insyd, der dey specific protocols wey dem develop, especially give water supply lines, to create isolation clamping of pipes within building walls. For de case of central air systems insyd, e dey important to baffle any ducts dat fi transmit sound between different building areas. Designing special-purpose rooms get more exotic challenges, since dem rooms fi get requirements give unusual features wey dey include concert performance, sound studio recording, den lecture halls. For dem cases insyd, dem suppose analyze reverberation den reflection in order to not only quiet de rooms, but to prevent echo effects from occurring. For dem situations insyd, dem fi specify special sound baffles den sound absorptive lining materials to dampen unwanted effects. == Post-architectural solutions == Acoustical wall den ceiling panels be a common commercial den residential solution give noise control for already-constructed buildings insyd. Dem fi construct acoustic panels of a variety of materials, though dem go frequently compose commercial acoustic applications of fiberglass anaa mineral wool-based acoustic substrates. For example, Mineral fiberboard be a commonly used acoustical substrate, den commercial thermal insulations, wey dey include dat dem use for de insulation of boiler tanks insyd, dey frequently repurposed give noise-controlling acoustic use based for demma effectiveness top at minimizing reverberations. De ideal acoustical panels be dem without a face anaa finish material dat fi interfere plus de performance of de acoustical infill, but aesthetic den safety concerns dey typically lead to fabric coverings anaa oda finishing materials to minimize impedance. Dem make panel finishings occasionally of a porous configuration of wood anaa metal. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] qsv1q4pi2n7fv6t6yp6tluyn6bqh0fr 116466 116465 2026-11-08T09:28:12Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. Both of de transmission effects wey dem note above fi emanate either from building occupants anaa from building mechanical systems wey dey include elevators, plumbing systems den heating, ventilating den air conditioning units. For sam cases insyd, e dey merely necessary to specify de best available quieting technology for selecting such building hardware insyd. For oda cases insyd, shock mounting of systems to control vibration fi be for order insyd. For de case of plumbing systems insyd, der dey specific protocols wey dem develop, especially give water supply lines, to create isolation clamping of pipes within building walls. For de case of central air systems insyd, e dey important to baffle any ducts dat fi transmit sound between different building areas. Designing special-purpose rooms get more exotic challenges, since dem rooms fi get requirements give unusual features wey dey include concert performance, sound studio recording, den lecture halls. For dem cases insyd, dem suppose analyze reverberation den reflection in order to not only quiet de rooms, but to prevent echo effects from occurring. For dem situations insyd, dem fi specify special sound baffles den sound absorptive lining materials to dampen unwanted effects. == Post-architectural solutions == Acoustical wall den ceiling panels be a common commercial den residential solution give noise control for already-constructed buildings insyd. Dem fi construct acoustic panels of a variety of materials, though dem go frequently compose commercial acoustic applications of fiberglass anaa mineral wool-based acoustic substrates. For example, Mineral fiberboard be a commonly used acoustical substrate, den commercial thermal insulations, wey dey include dat dem use for de insulation of boiler tanks insyd, dey frequently repurposed give noise-controlling acoustic use based for demma effectiveness top at minimizing reverberations. De ideal acoustical panels be dem without a face anaa finish material dat fi interfere plus de performance of de acoustical infill, but aesthetic den safety concerns dey typically lead to fabric coverings anaa oda finishing materials to minimize impedance. Dem make panel finishings occasionally of a porous configuration of wood anaa metal. Dem limit de effectiveness of post-construction acoustic treatment by de amount of space wey dem able to allocate to acoustic treatment, den so dem frequently make on-site acoustical wall panels to conform to de shape of de preexisting space. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] t7vg23xttcg6a9j1j15hiw5gwruueoc 116467 116466 2026-11-08T09:28:30Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. Both of de transmission effects wey dem note above fi emanate either from building occupants anaa from building mechanical systems wey dey include elevators, plumbing systems den heating, ventilating den air conditioning units. For sam cases insyd, e dey merely necessary to specify de best available quieting technology for selecting such building hardware insyd. For oda cases insyd, shock mounting of systems to control vibration fi be for order insyd. For de case of plumbing systems insyd, der dey specific protocols wey dem develop, especially give water supply lines, to create isolation clamping of pipes within building walls. For de case of central air systems insyd, e dey important to baffle any ducts dat fi transmit sound between different building areas. Designing special-purpose rooms get more exotic challenges, since dem rooms fi get requirements give unusual features wey dey include concert performance, sound studio recording, den lecture halls. For dem cases insyd, dem suppose analyze reverberation den reflection in order to not only quiet de rooms, but to prevent echo effects from occurring. For dem situations insyd, dem fi specify special sound baffles den sound absorptive lining materials to dampen unwanted effects. == Post-architectural solutions == Acoustical wall den ceiling panels be a common commercial den residential solution give noise control for already-constructed buildings insyd. Dem fi construct acoustic panels of a variety of materials, though dem go frequently compose commercial acoustic applications of fiberglass anaa mineral wool-based acoustic substrates. For example, Mineral fiberboard be a commonly used acoustical substrate, den commercial thermal insulations, wey dey include dat dem use for de insulation of boiler tanks insyd, dey frequently repurposed give noise-controlling acoustic use based for demma effectiveness top at minimizing reverberations. De ideal acoustical panels be dem without a face anaa finish material dat fi interfere plus de performance of de acoustical infill, but aesthetic den safety concerns dey typically lead to fabric coverings anaa oda finishing materials to minimize impedance. Dem make panel finishings occasionally of a porous configuration of wood anaa metal. Dem limit de effectiveness of post-construction acoustic treatment by de amount of space wey dem able to allocate to acoustic treatment, den so dem frequently make on-site acoustical wall panels to conform to de shape of de preexisting space. Dem dey do dis by "framing" de perimeter track into shape, infilling de acoustical substrate den sanso dey stretch den tuck de fabric into de perimeter frame system. Dem fi construct on-site wall panels to work around door frames, baseboard, anaa any oda intrusion. Dem fi create large panels (generally greater dan 50 feet) for walls den ceilings top plus dis method. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 65uc04cxj6vjjxv3eqxarj3spnfvuhk 116468 116467 2026-11-08T09:29:11Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. Both of de transmission effects wey dem note above fi emanate either from building occupants anaa from building mechanical systems wey dey include elevators, plumbing systems den heating, ventilating den air conditioning units. For sam cases insyd, e dey merely necessary to specify de best available quieting technology for selecting such building hardware insyd. For oda cases insyd, shock mounting of systems to control vibration fi be for order insyd. For de case of plumbing systems insyd, der dey specific protocols wey dem develop, especially give water supply lines, to create isolation clamping of pipes within building walls. For de case of central air systems insyd, e dey important to baffle any ducts dat fi transmit sound between different building areas. Designing special-purpose rooms get more exotic challenges, since dem rooms fi get requirements give unusual features wey dey include concert performance, sound studio recording, den lecture halls. For dem cases insyd, dem suppose analyze reverberation den reflection in order to not only quiet de rooms, but to prevent echo effects from occurring. For dem situations insyd, dem fi specify special sound baffles den sound absorptive lining materials to dampen unwanted effects. == Post-architectural solutions == Acoustical wall den ceiling panels be a common commercial den residential solution give noise control for already-constructed buildings insyd. Dem fi construct acoustic panels of a variety of materials, though dem go frequently compose commercial acoustic applications of fiberglass anaa mineral wool-based acoustic substrates. For example, Mineral fiberboard be a commonly used acoustical substrate, den commercial thermal insulations, wey dey include dat dem use for de insulation of boiler tanks insyd, dey frequently repurposed give noise-controlling acoustic use based for demma effectiveness top at minimizing reverberations. De ideal acoustical panels be dem without a face anaa finish material dat fi interfere plus de performance of de acoustical infill, but aesthetic den safety concerns dey typically lead to fabric coverings anaa oda finishing materials to minimize impedance. Dem make panel finishings occasionally of a porous configuration of wood anaa metal. Dem limit de effectiveness of post-construction acoustic treatment by de amount of space wey dem able to allocate to acoustic treatment, den so dem frequently make on-site acoustical wall panels to conform to de shape of de preexisting space. Dem dey do dis by "framing" de perimeter track into shape, infilling de acoustical substrate den sanso dey stretch den tuck de fabric into de perimeter frame system. Dem fi construct on-site wall panels to work around door frames, baseboard, anaa any oda intrusion. Dem fi create large panels (generally greater dan 50 feet) for walls den ceilings top plus dis method. Double-glazed den thicker windows sanso fi prevent sound transmission from de outdoors. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 9hucbvlbibb7o3jp3u0hh8y5wl38d8b 116470 116468 2026-11-08T10:47:59Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. Both of de transmission effects wey dem note above fi emanate either from building occupants anaa from building mechanical systems wey dey include elevators, plumbing systems den heating, ventilating den air conditioning units. For sam cases insyd, e dey merely necessary to specify de best available quieting technology for selecting such building hardware insyd. For oda cases insyd, shock mounting of systems to control vibration fi be for order insyd. For de case of plumbing systems insyd, der dey specific protocols wey dem develop, especially give water supply lines, to create isolation clamping of pipes within building walls. For de case of central air systems insyd, e dey important to baffle any ducts dat fi transmit sound between different building areas. Designing special-purpose rooms get more exotic challenges, since dem rooms fi get requirements give unusual features wey dey include concert performance, sound studio recording, den lecture halls. For dem cases insyd, dem suppose analyze reverberation den reflection in order to not only quiet de rooms, but to prevent echo effects from occurring. For dem situations insyd, dem fi specify special sound baffles den sound absorptive lining materials to dampen unwanted effects. == Post-architectural solutions == Acoustical wall den ceiling panels be a common commercial den residential solution give noise control for already-constructed buildings insyd. Dem fi construct acoustic panels of a variety of materials, though dem go frequently compose commercial acoustic applications of fiberglass anaa mineral wool-based acoustic substrates. For example, Mineral fiberboard be a commonly used acoustical substrate, den commercial thermal insulations, wey dey include dat dem use for de insulation of boiler tanks insyd, dey frequently repurposed give noise-controlling acoustic use based for demma effectiveness top at minimizing reverberations. De ideal acoustical panels be dem without a face anaa finish material dat fi interfere plus de performance of de acoustical infill, but aesthetic den safety concerns dey typically lead to fabric coverings anaa oda finishing materials to minimize impedance. Dem make panel finishings occasionally of a porous configuration of wood anaa metal. Dem limit de effectiveness of post-construction acoustic treatment by de amount of space wey dem able to allocate to acoustic treatment, den so dem frequently make on-site acoustical wall panels to conform to de shape of de preexisting space. Dem dey do dis by "framing" de perimeter track into shape, infilling de acoustical substrate den sanso dey stretch den tuck de fabric into de perimeter frame system. Dem fi construct on-site wall panels to work around door frames, baseboard, anaa any oda intrusion. Dem fi create large panels (generally greater dan 50 feet) for walls den ceilings top plus dis method. Double-glazed den thicker windows sanso fi prevent sound transmission from de outdoors. === Industrial === Dem traditionally associate industrial noise plus manufacturing settings wey industrial machinery dey produce intense sound levels, often upwards of 85 decibels. While dis circumstance be de most dramatic, der dey many oda work environments wey sound levels fi lie for de range of 70 to 75 decibels insyd, entirely composed of office equipment, music, public address systems, den even exterior noise intrusion. Either type of environment fi result for noise health effects insyd if de sound intensity den exposure time be too great. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] kcpoylyhvo5v755j1gcjpmcgs8f85eg 116472 116470 2026-11-08T10:52:48Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. Both of de transmission effects wey dem note above fi emanate either from building occupants anaa from building mechanical systems wey dey include elevators, plumbing systems den heating, ventilating den air conditioning units. For sam cases insyd, e dey merely necessary to specify de best available quieting technology for selecting such building hardware insyd. For oda cases insyd, shock mounting of systems to control vibration fi be for order insyd. For de case of plumbing systems insyd, der dey specific protocols wey dem develop, especially give water supply lines, to create isolation clamping of pipes within building walls. For de case of central air systems insyd, e dey important to baffle any ducts dat fi transmit sound between different building areas. Designing special-purpose rooms get more exotic challenges, since dem rooms fi get requirements give unusual features wey dey include concert performance, sound studio recording, den lecture halls. For dem cases insyd, dem suppose analyze reverberation den reflection in order to not only quiet de rooms, but to prevent echo effects from occurring. For dem situations insyd, dem fi specify special sound baffles den sound absorptive lining materials to dampen unwanted effects. == Post-architectural solutions == Acoustical wall den ceiling panels be a common commercial den residential solution give noise control for already-constructed buildings insyd. Dem fi construct acoustic panels of a variety of materials, though dem go frequently compose commercial acoustic applications of fiberglass anaa mineral wool-based acoustic substrates. For example, Mineral fiberboard be a commonly used acoustical substrate, den commercial thermal insulations, wey dey include dat dem use for de insulation of boiler tanks insyd, dey frequently repurposed give noise-controlling acoustic use based for demma effectiveness top at minimizing reverberations. De ideal acoustical panels be dem without a face anaa finish material dat fi interfere plus de performance of de acoustical infill, but aesthetic den safety concerns dey typically lead to fabric coverings anaa oda finishing materials to minimize impedance. Dem make panel finishings occasionally of a porous configuration of wood anaa metal. Dem limit de effectiveness of post-construction acoustic treatment by de amount of space wey dem able to allocate to acoustic treatment, den so dem frequently make on-site acoustical wall panels to conform to de shape of de preexisting space. Dem dey do dis by "framing" de perimeter track into shape, infilling de acoustical substrate den sanso dey stretch den tuck de fabric into de perimeter frame system. Dem fi construct on-site wall panels to work around door frames, baseboard, anaa any oda intrusion. Dem fi create large panels (generally greater dan 50 feet) for walls den ceilings top plus dis method. Double-glazed den thicker windows sanso fi prevent sound transmission from de outdoors. === Industrial === Dem traditionally associate industrial noise plus manufacturing settings wey industrial machinery dey produce intense sound levels, often upwards of 85 decibels. While dis circumstance be de most dramatic, der dey many oda work environments wey sound levels fi lie for de range of 70 to 75 decibels insyd, entirely composed of office equipment, music, public address systems, den even exterior noise intrusion. Either type of environment fi result for noise health effects insyd if de sound intensity den exposure time be too great. For de case of industrial equipment insyd, de most common techniques give noise protection of workers dey consist of shock mounting source equipment, creation of acrylic glass anaa oda solid barriers, den provision of ear protection equipment. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] cgnk1crte2todagsgf7t3mwi46ioi00 116473 116472 2026-11-08T10:53:16Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. Both of de transmission effects wey dem note above fi emanate either from building occupants anaa from building mechanical systems wey dey include elevators, plumbing systems den heating, ventilating den air conditioning units. For sam cases insyd, e dey merely necessary to specify de best available quieting technology for selecting such building hardware insyd. For oda cases insyd, shock mounting of systems to control vibration fi be for order insyd. For de case of plumbing systems insyd, der dey specific protocols wey dem develop, especially give water supply lines, to create isolation clamping of pipes within building walls. For de case of central air systems insyd, e dey important to baffle any ducts dat fi transmit sound between different building areas. Designing special-purpose rooms get more exotic challenges, since dem rooms fi get requirements give unusual features wey dey include concert performance, sound studio recording, den lecture halls. For dem cases insyd, dem suppose analyze reverberation den reflection in order to not only quiet de rooms, but to prevent echo effects from occurring. For dem situations insyd, dem fi specify special sound baffles den sound absorptive lining materials to dampen unwanted effects. == Post-architectural solutions == Acoustical wall den ceiling panels be a common commercial den residential solution give noise control for already-constructed buildings insyd. Dem fi construct acoustic panels of a variety of materials, though dem go frequently compose commercial acoustic applications of fiberglass anaa mineral wool-based acoustic substrates. For example, Mineral fiberboard be a commonly used acoustical substrate, den commercial thermal insulations, wey dey include dat dem use for de insulation of boiler tanks insyd, dey frequently repurposed give noise-controlling acoustic use based for demma effectiveness top at minimizing reverberations. De ideal acoustical panels be dem without a face anaa finish material dat fi interfere plus de performance of de acoustical infill, but aesthetic den safety concerns dey typically lead to fabric coverings anaa oda finishing materials to minimize impedance. Dem make panel finishings occasionally of a porous configuration of wood anaa metal. Dem limit de effectiveness of post-construction acoustic treatment by de amount of space wey dem able to allocate to acoustic treatment, den so dem frequently make on-site acoustical wall panels to conform to de shape of de preexisting space. Dem dey do dis by "framing" de perimeter track into shape, infilling de acoustical substrate den sanso dey stretch den tuck de fabric into de perimeter frame system. Dem fi construct on-site wall panels to work around door frames, baseboard, anaa any oda intrusion. Dem fi create large panels (generally greater dan 50 feet) for walls den ceilings top plus dis method. Double-glazed den thicker windows sanso fi prevent sound transmission from de outdoors. === Industrial === Dem traditionally associate industrial noise plus manufacturing settings wey industrial machinery dey produce intense sound levels, often upwards of 85 decibels. While dis circumstance be de most dramatic, der dey many oda work environments wey sound levels fi lie for de range of 70 to 75 decibels insyd, entirely composed of office equipment, music, public address systems, den even exterior noise intrusion. Either type of environment fi result for noise health effects insyd if de sound intensity den exposure time be too great. For de case of industrial equipment insyd, de most common techniques give noise protection of workers dey consist of shock mounting source equipment, creation of acrylic glass anaa oda solid barriers, den provision of ear protection equipment. For certain cases insyd dem fi redesign de machinery einself to operate for a manner insyd less prone to produce grating, grinding, frictional, anaa oda motions dat dey induce sound emissions. For recent years insyd, Buy Quiet programs den initiatives already arise for an effort insyd to combat occupational noise exposures. Dem programs dey promote de purchase of quieter tools den equipment den encourage manufacturers to design quieter equipment. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 19pzbj4eyzacittuz2us6tc085k1fcn 116475 116473 2026-11-08T10:57:55Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. Both of de transmission effects wey dem note above fi emanate either from building occupants anaa from building mechanical systems wey dey include elevators, plumbing systems den heating, ventilating den air conditioning units. For sam cases insyd, e dey merely necessary to specify de best available quieting technology for selecting such building hardware insyd. For oda cases insyd, shock mounting of systems to control vibration fi be for order insyd. For de case of plumbing systems insyd, der dey specific protocols wey dem develop, especially give water supply lines, to create isolation clamping of pipes within building walls. For de case of central air systems insyd, e dey important to baffle any ducts dat fi transmit sound between different building areas. Designing special-purpose rooms get more exotic challenges, since dem rooms fi get requirements give unusual features wey dey include concert performance, sound studio recording, den lecture halls. For dem cases insyd, dem suppose analyze reverberation den reflection in order to not only quiet de rooms, but to prevent echo effects from occurring. For dem situations insyd, dem fi specify special sound baffles den sound absorptive lining materials to dampen unwanted effects. == Post-architectural solutions == Acoustical wall den ceiling panels be a common commercial den residential solution give noise control for already-constructed buildings insyd. Dem fi construct acoustic panels of a variety of materials, though dem go frequently compose commercial acoustic applications of fiberglass anaa mineral wool-based acoustic substrates. For example, Mineral fiberboard be a commonly used acoustical substrate, den commercial thermal insulations, wey dey include dat dem use for de insulation of boiler tanks insyd, dey frequently repurposed give noise-controlling acoustic use based for demma effectiveness top at minimizing reverberations. De ideal acoustical panels be dem without a face anaa finish material dat fi interfere plus de performance of de acoustical infill, but aesthetic den safety concerns dey typically lead to fabric coverings anaa oda finishing materials to minimize impedance. Dem make panel finishings occasionally of a porous configuration of wood anaa metal. Dem limit de effectiveness of post-construction acoustic treatment by de amount of space wey dem able to allocate to acoustic treatment, den so dem frequently make on-site acoustical wall panels to conform to de shape of de preexisting space. Dem dey do dis by "framing" de perimeter track into shape, infilling de acoustical substrate den sanso dey stretch den tuck de fabric into de perimeter frame system. Dem fi construct on-site wall panels to work around door frames, baseboard, anaa any oda intrusion. Dem fi create large panels (generally greater dan 50 feet) for walls den ceilings top plus dis method. Double-glazed den thicker windows sanso fi prevent sound transmission from de outdoors. === Industrial === Dem traditionally associate industrial noise plus manufacturing settings wey industrial machinery dey produce intense sound levels, often upwards of 85 decibels. While dis circumstance be de most dramatic, der dey many oda work environments wey sound levels fi lie for de range of 70 to 75 decibels insyd, entirely composed of office equipment, music, public address systems, den even exterior noise intrusion. Either type of environment fi result for noise health effects insyd if de sound intensity den exposure time be too great. For de case of industrial equipment insyd, de most common techniques give noise protection of workers dey consist of shock mounting source equipment, creation of acrylic glass anaa oda solid barriers, den provision of ear protection equipment. For certain cases insyd dem fi redesign de machinery einself to operate for a manner insyd less prone to produce grating, grinding, frictional, anaa oda motions dat dey induce sound emissions. For recent years insyd, Buy Quiet programs den initiatives already arise for an effort insyd to combat occupational noise exposures. Dem programs dey promote de purchase of quieter tools den equipment den encourage manufacturers to design quieter equipment. For de case of more conventional office environments insyd, de techniques for architectural acoustics insyd discussed above fi apply. Oda solutions fi involve researching de quietest models of office equipment, particularly printers den photocopy machines. Dem often fit impact printers den oda equipment plus "acoustic hoods", enclosures to reduce emitted noise. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] cho6fpjdw0cyzhwu3tvgwj5swdsmxa8 116476 116475 2026-11-08T10:58:25Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. Both of de transmission effects wey dem note above fi emanate either from building occupants anaa from building mechanical systems wey dey include elevators, plumbing systems den heating, ventilating den air conditioning units. For sam cases insyd, e dey merely necessary to specify de best available quieting technology for selecting such building hardware insyd. For oda cases insyd, shock mounting of systems to control vibration fi be for order insyd. For de case of plumbing systems insyd, der dey specific protocols wey dem develop, especially give water supply lines, to create isolation clamping of pipes within building walls. For de case of central air systems insyd, e dey important to baffle any ducts dat fi transmit sound between different building areas. Designing special-purpose rooms get more exotic challenges, since dem rooms fi get requirements give unusual features wey dey include concert performance, sound studio recording, den lecture halls. For dem cases insyd, dem suppose analyze reverberation den reflection in order to not only quiet de rooms, but to prevent echo effects from occurring. For dem situations insyd, dem fi specify special sound baffles den sound absorptive lining materials to dampen unwanted effects. == Post-architectural solutions == Acoustical wall den ceiling panels be a common commercial den residential solution give noise control for already-constructed buildings insyd. Dem fi construct acoustic panels of a variety of materials, though dem go frequently compose commercial acoustic applications of fiberglass anaa mineral wool-based acoustic substrates. For example, Mineral fiberboard be a commonly used acoustical substrate, den commercial thermal insulations, wey dey include dat dem use for de insulation of boiler tanks insyd, dey frequently repurposed give noise-controlling acoustic use based for demma effectiveness top at minimizing reverberations. De ideal acoustical panels be dem without a face anaa finish material dat fi interfere plus de performance of de acoustical infill, but aesthetic den safety concerns dey typically lead to fabric coverings anaa oda finishing materials to minimize impedance. Dem make panel finishings occasionally of a porous configuration of wood anaa metal. Dem limit de effectiveness of post-construction acoustic treatment by de amount of space wey dem able to allocate to acoustic treatment, den so dem frequently make on-site acoustical wall panels to conform to de shape of de preexisting space. Dem dey do dis by "framing" de perimeter track into shape, infilling de acoustical substrate den sanso dey stretch den tuck de fabric into de perimeter frame system. Dem fi construct on-site wall panels to work around door frames, baseboard, anaa any oda intrusion. Dem fi create large panels (generally greater dan 50 feet) for walls den ceilings top plus dis method. Double-glazed den thicker windows sanso fi prevent sound transmission from de outdoors. === Industrial === Dem traditionally associate industrial noise plus manufacturing settings wey industrial machinery dey produce intense sound levels, often upwards of 85 decibels. While dis circumstance be de most dramatic, der dey many oda work environments wey sound levels fi lie for de range of 70 to 75 decibels insyd, entirely composed of office equipment, music, public address systems, den even exterior noise intrusion. Either type of environment fi result for noise health effects insyd if de sound intensity den exposure time be too great. For de case of industrial equipment insyd, de most common techniques give noise protection of workers dey consist of shock mounting source equipment, creation of acrylic glass anaa oda solid barriers, den provision of ear protection equipment. For certain cases insyd dem fi redesign de machinery einself to operate for a manner insyd less prone to produce grating, grinding, frictional, anaa oda motions dat dey induce sound emissions. For recent years insyd, Buy Quiet programs den initiatives already arise for an effort insyd to combat occupational noise exposures. Dem programs dey promote de purchase of quieter tools den equipment den encourage manufacturers to design quieter equipment. For de case of more conventional office environments insyd, de techniques for architectural acoustics insyd discussed above fi apply. Oda solutions fi involve researching de quietest models of office equipment, particularly printers den photocopy machines. Dem often fit impact printers den oda equipment plus "acoustic hoods", enclosures to reduce emitted noise. One source of annoying, if not loud, sound level emissions be lighting fixtures (notably older fluorescent globes). Dem fi retrofit anaa analyze dem fixtures to see weda over-illumination dey present, a common office environment issue. If over-illumination dey occur, de-lamping anaa reduced light bank usage fi apply. Photographers fi quieten noisy still cameras for a film set top wey dem dey use sound blimps. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] bygq0y7bdtplpxzrr8gk8n8vn6qy446 116477 116476 2026-11-08T10:59:01Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. Both of de transmission effects wey dem note above fi emanate either from building occupants anaa from building mechanical systems wey dey include elevators, plumbing systems den heating, ventilating den air conditioning units. For sam cases insyd, e dey merely necessary to specify de best available quieting technology for selecting such building hardware insyd. For oda cases insyd, shock mounting of systems to control vibration fi be for order insyd. For de case of plumbing systems insyd, der dey specific protocols wey dem develop, especially give water supply lines, to create isolation clamping of pipes within building walls. For de case of central air systems insyd, e dey important to baffle any ducts dat fi transmit sound between different building areas. Designing special-purpose rooms get more exotic challenges, since dem rooms fi get requirements give unusual features wey dey include concert performance, sound studio recording, den lecture halls. For dem cases insyd, dem suppose analyze reverberation den reflection in order to not only quiet de rooms, but to prevent echo effects from occurring. For dem situations insyd, dem fi specify special sound baffles den sound absorptive lining materials to dampen unwanted effects. == Post-architectural solutions == Acoustical wall den ceiling panels be a common commercial den residential solution give noise control for already-constructed buildings insyd. Dem fi construct acoustic panels of a variety of materials, though dem go frequently compose commercial acoustic applications of fiberglass anaa mineral wool-based acoustic substrates. For example, Mineral fiberboard be a commonly used acoustical substrate, den commercial thermal insulations, wey dey include dat dem use for de insulation of boiler tanks insyd, dey frequently repurposed give noise-controlling acoustic use based for demma effectiveness top at minimizing reverberations. De ideal acoustical panels be dem without a face anaa finish material dat fi interfere plus de performance of de acoustical infill, but aesthetic den safety concerns dey typically lead to fabric coverings anaa oda finishing materials to minimize impedance. Dem make panel finishings occasionally of a porous configuration of wood anaa metal. Dem limit de effectiveness of post-construction acoustic treatment by de amount of space wey dem able to allocate to acoustic treatment, den so dem frequently make on-site acoustical wall panels to conform to de shape of de preexisting space. Dem dey do dis by "framing" de perimeter track into shape, infilling de acoustical substrate den sanso dey stretch den tuck de fabric into de perimeter frame system. Dem fi construct on-site wall panels to work around door frames, baseboard, anaa any oda intrusion. Dem fi create large panels (generally greater dan 50 feet) for walls den ceilings top plus dis method. Double-glazed den thicker windows sanso fi prevent sound transmission from de outdoors. === Industrial === Dem traditionally associate industrial noise plus manufacturing settings wey industrial machinery dey produce intense sound levels,<ref>Randall F Barron and Barron F Barron, ''Industrial Noise Control and Acoustics'', Marcel Dekker, New York (2002) {{ISBN|978-0-8247-0701-9}}</ref> often upwards of 85 decibels. While dis circumstance be de most dramatic, der dey many oda work environments wey sound levels fi lie for de range of 70 to 75 decibels insyd, entirely composed of office equipment, music, public address systems, den even exterior noise intrusion. Either type of environment fi result for noise health effects insyd if de sound intensity den exposure time be too great. For de case of industrial equipment insyd, de most common techniques give noise protection of workers dey consist of shock mounting source equipment, creation of acrylic glass anaa oda solid barriers, den provision of ear protection equipment. For certain cases insyd dem fi redesign de machinery einself to operate for a manner insyd less prone to produce grating, grinding, frictional, anaa oda motions dat dey induce sound emissions. For recent years insyd, Buy Quiet programs den initiatives already arise for an effort insyd to combat occupational noise exposures. Dem programs dey promote de purchase of quieter tools den equipment den encourage manufacturers to design quieter equipment. For de case of more conventional office environments insyd, de techniques for architectural acoustics insyd discussed above fi apply. Oda solutions fi involve researching de quietest models of office equipment, particularly printers den photocopy machines. Dem often fit impact printers den oda equipment plus "acoustic hoods", enclosures to reduce emitted noise. One source of annoying, if not loud, sound level emissions be lighting fixtures (notably older fluorescent globes). Dem fi retrofit anaa analyze dem fixtures to see weda over-illumination dey present, a common office environment issue. If over-illumination dey occur, de-lamping anaa reduced light bank usage fi apply. Photographers fi quieten noisy still cameras for a film set top wey dem dey use sound blimps. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 1h92jywmmlrm1thzceeeu4706styz20 116479 116477 2026-11-08T11:02:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 116479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sound level meter with sound waves.png|thumb|A sound level meter]] '''Noise control''' anaa '''noise mitigation''' be set of strategies to reduce noise pollution anaa to reduce de impact of dat noise, weda outdoors anaa indoors. == Overview == De main areas of noise mitigation anaa abatement be: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning thru zoning codes,<ref>Benz Kotzen, [http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/ "Noise is an urban issue"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803045400/http://blogs.gre.ac.uk/architecture/2010/10/03/open-lecture-benz-kotzen-noise-is-an-urban-issue/|date=2016-08-03}}</ref> den occupational noise control. Roadway noise den aircraft noise be de most pervasive sources of environmental noise.<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf OSHA Fact Sheet: Laboratory Safety Noise], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829231722/https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf|date=2017-08-29}}</ref> Social activities go fi generate noise levels dat consistently dey affect de health of populations wey dey reside insyd anaa occupying areas, both indoor den outdoor, near entertainment venues dat feature amplified sounds den music dat dey present significant challenges give effective noise mitigation strategies. Dem already develop multiple techniques to address interior sound levels, wey local building codes encourage many of dem. For de best case of project designs insyd, dem encourage planners to work plus design engineers to examine trade-offs of roadway design den architectural design. Dem techniques dey include design of exterior walls, party walls, den floor den ceiling assemblies; moreova, der dey a host of specialized means give damping reverberation from special-purpose rooms such as auditoria, concert halls, entertainment den social venues, dining areas, audio recording rooms, den meeting rooms. Many of dem techniques dey rely upon material science applications of constructing sound baffles anaa using sound-absorbing liners give interior spaces. Industrial noise control be subset of interior architectural control of noise, plus emphasis for specific methods of sound isolation top from industrial machinery den give protection of workers at demma task stations. Sound masking be de active addition of noise to reduce de annoyance of certain sounds, de opposite of soundproofing. == Standards, recommendations, den guidelines == Organizations each get demma own standards, recommendations/guidelines, den directives give wat levels of noise workers wey dem permit to be around before dem suppose put noise controls into place. === Occupational Safety den Health Administration (OSHA) === OSHA ein requirements dey state dat wen dem expose workers to noise levels above 90 A-weighted decibels (dBA) for 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) insyd, dem suppose implement administrative controls den/anaa new engineering controls for de workplace insyd. OSHA sanso dey require dat dem suppose control impulse noises den impact noises to prevent dem noises from reaching past 140&nbsp;dB peak sound pressure levels (SPL).<ref>Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (1983). Occupational noise exposure; hearing conservation amendment, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910.95. ''Federal Register.'' 48(46): 9738-9785.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rawool |first1=Vishakha |title=Hearing Conservation in Occupational, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings |date=2012 |publisher=Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60406-256-4 |edition=First |location=New York, NY}}</ref> === Mine Safety den Health Organization (MSHA) === MSHA dey require dat dem suppose implement administrative den/anaa engineering controls for de workplace insyd wen dem expose miners to levels above 90 dBA TWA. If noise levels dey exceed 115 dBA, dem require miners to wear hearing protection. MSHA, therefore, dey require dat dem suppose reduce noise levels below 115&nbsp;dB TWA. Measuring noise levels give noise control decision-making suppose integrate all noises from 90&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Mine Safety and Health Administration. (1999). ''Health Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure: Final Rule'' (30 CFR Part 62, 64 Fed. Reg. 49548-49634, 49636-49637). Arlington, VA: Mine Safety and Health Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) === De FRA dey recommend dat dem suppose reduce worker exposure to noise wen demma noise exposure dey exceed 90&nbsp;dBA give an 8-hour TWA. Noise measurements suppose integrate all noises, wey dey include intermittent, continuous, impact, den impulse noises of 80&nbsp;dBA to 140&nbsp;dBA.<ref>Federal Railroad Administration (2008). 71 FR 63123, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 73 FR 79702, Dec. 30 2008. Part 227. ''Occupational Noise Exposure.'' Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === U.S. Department of Defense === De Department of Defense (DoD) dey suggest dat dem suppose control noise levels primarily thru engineering controls. De DoD dey require dat dem suppose reduce all steady-state noises to levels below 85 dBA den dat dem suppose reduce impulse noises below 140&nbsp;dB peak SPL. Dem no dey consider TWA exposures give de DoD ein requirements.<ref>U.S. Department of Defense. (2004). ''Instruction 6055.12. DoD Hearing Conservation Program.'' Washington, DC: Department of Defense.</ref><ref name=":1" /> === European Parliament den Council Directive === De European Parliament den Council Directive dey suppose require noise levels to reduce anaa eliminate using administrative den engineering controls. Dis directive dey require lower exposure action levels of 80 dBA give 8 hours plus 135&nbsp;dB peak SPL, along plus upper exposure action levels of 85 dBA give 8 hours plus 137 peak dBSPL. Exposure limits dey 87 dBA give 8 hours plus peak levels of 140 peak dBSPL.<ref>European Parliament and Council. (2003). ''Directive 2003/10/EC on the Minimum Health and Safety Requirements Regarding the Exposure of Workers to the Risks Arising from Physical Agents (Noise).'' Seventeenth individual Directive within the meaning of the Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). ''Off J Eur Union.'' L42/38/-L42/44.</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Approaches to noise control == An effective model give noise control be de source, path, den receiver model by Bolt den Ingard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=CM |title=Handbook of Noise Control |date=1957 |publisher=McGraw-Hill:22-31 |location=New York}}</ref> Dem fi control hazardous noise by reducing de noise output at ein source, minimizing de noise as e dey travel along a path to de listener, den dey provide equipment to de listener anaa receiver to attenuate de noise. === Sources === A variety of measures dey aim to reduce hazardous noise at ein source. Programs wey dey include Buy Quiet den de National Institute give Occupational Safety den Health (NIOSH) Prevention thru design promote research den design of quiet equipment den renovation den replacement of older hazardous equipment plus modern technologies.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=Prevention Through Design: Plan for the National Initiative |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |url-status=live |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053121/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-121/ |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |doi-access=free |website=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> === Path === De principle of noise reduction thru pathway modifications dey apply to de alteration of direct den indirect pathways give noise.<ref name=":1" /> Noise dat dey travel across reflective surfaces, wey dey include smooth floors, fi be hazardous. Pathway alterations dey include physical materials, wey dey include foam, dat dey absorb sound den walls to provide a sound barrier dat dey modify existing systems dat dey decrease hazardous noise. Sound dampening enclosures give loud equipment den isolation chambers from wey workers fi remotely control equipment, dem sanso fi design am. Dem methods dey prevent sound from traveling along a path to de worker anaa oda listeners. === Receiver === For de industrial anaa commercial setting insyd, workers suppose comply plus de appropriate Hearing conservation program. Administrative controls, wey dey incude de restriction of personnel for noisy areas insyd, dey prevent unnecessary noise exposure. Personal protective equipment wey dey include foam ear plugs anaa ear muffs to attenuate sound dey provide a last line of defense give de listener. == Basic technologies == * Sound insulation: dey prevent de transmission of noise by de introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials get high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc. * Sound absorption: a porous material wey dey act as a 'noise sponge' by converting de sound energy into heat for de material insyd. Common sound absorption materials dey include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams den fiberglass * Vibration damping: applicable give large vibrating surfaces. De damping mechanism dey work by extracting de vibration energy from de thin sheet den dey dissipate am as heat. A common material be sound-deadened steel. * Vibration isolation: dey prevent transmission of vibration energy from a source to a receiver by introducing a flexible element anaa a physical break. Common vibration isolators be springs, rubber mounts, cork etc. == Roadways == [[File:Geluidscherm Overschie.jpg|thumb|Dis noise abatement wall for de Netherlands insyd get a transparent section at de driver ein eye-level to reduce de visual impact give road users.]]Studies for noise barriers top show mixed results for demma ability top to effectively reduce noise pollution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Meryl |date=27 December 2017 |title=On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives? |url=https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407164021/https://undark.org/2017/12/27/highway-noise-barrier-science/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Undark |publisher=Undark.org}}</ref> Electric den hybrid vehicles fi reduce noise pollution, but only if dem vehicles dey make up a high proportion of total vehicles for de road top; even if traffic for an urban area insyd reach a makeup of fifty percent electric vehicles, de overall noise reduction achieved go only be a few decibels go be barely noticeable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pallas |first1=Marie-Agnès |title=Assessing the noise impact of electric and hybrid vehicles |url=https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103211046/https://www.ifsttar.fr/en/online-resources/science-and-society/hazards-and-the-environment/science-topics/how-to-deal-with-urban-noise/assessing-the-noise-impact-of-electric-and-hybrid-vehicles/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=IFSTTAR |publisher=IFSTTAR}}</ref> Highway noise be today wey motor type less affect am, since de effects for higher speed insyd be aerodynamic den tire noise related. Oda contributions to de reduction of noise at de source be: improved tire tread designs give trucks for de 1970s insyd, better shielding of diesel stacks for de 1980s insyd, den local vehicle regulation of unmuffled vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tire-Pavement Noise {{!}} Sound Control |url=http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050128/http://soundcontroltech.com/tire-pavement-noise/ |archive-date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=soundcontroltech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> De most fertile areas give roadway noise mitigation be for urban planning decisions, roadway design, noise barrier design,<ref>Benz Kotzen and Colin English, ''Environmental Noise Barriers: A Guide to Their Visual and Acoustic Design'', Spon Press, United Kingdom (1999) {{ISBN|978-0-419-23180-6}}</ref> speed control, surface pavement selection, den truck restrictions insyd. Speed control dey effective since de lowest sound emissions dey arise from vehicles moving smoothly at 30 to 60 kilometers per hour. Above dat range, sound emissions dey double plus every five miles per hour of speed. At de lowest speeds, braking den (engine) acceleration noise dey dominate. Selection of road surface pavement fi make a difference of a factor of two for sound levels insyd, give de speed regime above 30 kilometers per hour. Quieter pavements dey porous plus a negative surface texture den use small to medium-sized aggregates; de loudest pavements get transversely-grooved surfaces, positive surface textures, den larger aggregates. Surface friction den roadway safety be important considerations as well give pavement decisions. Wen designing new urban freeways anaa arterials, der dey numerous design decisions wey dey regard alignment den roadway geometrics.<ref>Myer Kutz, ''Handbook of Transportation Engineering'', McGraw-Hill (2004) {{ISBN|978-0-07-139122-1}}</ref> Use of a computer model to calculate sound levels already becam standard practice since de early 1970s. For dis way insyd dem fi minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to elevated sound levels. An analogous process dey exist give urban mass transit systems den oda rail transportation decisions. Early examples of urban rail systems wey dem design using dis technology be: Boston MBTA line expansions (1970s), San Francisco BART system expansion (1981), Houston METRORail system (1982), den de MAX Light Rail system for Portland, Oregon insyd (1983). Dem fi apply noise barriers to existing anaa planned surface transportation projects. Dem be one of de most effective actions wey dem take for retrofitting existing roadways insyd den commonly fi reduce adjacent land-use sound levels by up to ten decibels. Dem require a computer model to design de barrier since terrain, micrometeorology den oda locale-specific factors dey make de endeavor a very complex undertaking. For example, a roadway for a cut anaa strong prevailing winds insyd fi produce a setting wey atmospheric sound propagation dey unfavorable to any noise barrier. == Aircraft == [[File:Airbus A321 (British AW) - Aviation noise.jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 of British Airways for ein landing approach top to London Heathrow Airport, wey dey showing ein proximity to homes]]As for de case of roadway noise insyd, dem already make little progress for quelling aircraft noise insyd at de source, oda dan elimination of loud engine designs from de 1960s den earlier. Sekof ein velocity den volume, jet turbine engine exhaust noise dey defy reduction by any simple means. De most promising forms of aircraft noise abatement be thru land planning, flight operations restrictions den residential soundproofing. Flight restrictions fi take de form of preferred runway use, departure flight path den slope, den time-of-day restrictions. Dem tactics be sometimes controversial since dem fi impact aircraft safety, flying convenience den airline economics. For 1979 insyd, de US Congress authorize de FAA to devise technology den programs to attempt to insulate homes near airports. While dis obviously no dey aid de exterior environment, de program already be effective give residential den school interiors. Sam of de airports at wey dem apply de technology early on be San Francisco International Airport,<ref>''Final Report for the Aircraft Noise Insulation Project for San Francisco International Airport: Phase one Pilot Project'', FAA funded and prepared for the city of South San Francisco, Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, July, 1986</ref> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, John Wayne International Airport den San Jose International Airport<ref>C.M. Hogan and Ballard George, ''Pilot Noise Residential Insulation Program'', San Jose International Airport (1983)</ref> for California insyd. De underlying technology be a computer model wey dey simulate de propagation of aircraft noise den ein penetration into buildings. Dem fi analyze variations for aircraft types, flight patterns den local meteorology insyd along plus benefits of alternative building retrofit strategies wey dey include roof upgrading, window glazing improvement, fireplace baffling, caulking construction seams den oda measures. De computer model dey allow cost-effectiveness evaluations of a host of alternative strategies. For Canada insyd, Transport Canada dey prepare noise exposure forecasts (NEF) give each airport, wey dem dey use a computer model similar to dat dem use for de US insyd. Dem discourage residential land development within high-impact areas wey de forecast identify am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Canada |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171302/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-noise-nef-924.htm |archive-date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-02-23}}</ref> === Acoustic liners === [[File:Fan & nacelle Airbus A300's CF-6.JPG|thumb|Acoustic liners at de intake of a jet engine]] [[File:Acoustic Liner Composite Sandwich.png|thumb|A composite sandwich acoustic liner (A) plus perforate face-sheet (B) honeycomb core (C) den back-skin (D)]]Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, dey use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Dem apply liners for de internal walls of de engine nacelle top, both for de intake den by-pass ducts top, den dey use Helmholtz resonance principle give de dissipation of incident acoustic energy. == Architectural solutions == [[File:Sound Proofed HALL, Adonai Church, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Sound treatment panels contrast plus red curtains for a church meeting hall insyd]] [[File:Schallschleuse.JPG|thumb|Soundproof doors for a broadcast center insyd]] [[File:紙飛行機 (4720476854).jpg|thumb|Acoustic ceiling tiles]]Architectural acoustics noise control practices dey include interior sound reverberation reduction, inter-room noise transfer mitigation, den exterior building skin augmentation. For de case of construction of new (anaa remodeled) apartments, condominiums, hospitals, den hotels insyd, many states den cities get stringent building codes plus requirements of acoustical analysis, in order to protect building occupants. Plus regard to exterior noise, de codes usually dey require measurement of de exterior acoustic environment in order to determine de performance standard required give exterior building skin design. De architect fi work plus de acoustical scientist to arrive at de best cost-effective means of creating a quiet interior (normally 45&nbsp;dBA). De most important elements of design of de building skin be usually: glazing (glass thickness, double pane design etc.), perforated metal (wey dem use internally anaa externally),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stewart |first=William |date=February 2007 |title=Perforated metal systems sound absorbing surfaces |url=http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Construction Specifier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205093926/http://www.ssaacoustics.com/newspublications/perforated%20metal%20systems%20as%20sound%20absorbative%20surf.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-05 |access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> roof material, caulking standards, chimney baffles, exterior door design, mail slots, attic ventilation ports, den mounting of thru-de-wall air conditioners. Regarding sound generated insyd de building, der dey two principal types of transmission. Firstly, airborne sound travels thru walls anaa floor den ceiling assemblies den fi emanate from either human activities for adjacent living spaces insyd anaa from mechanical noise within de building systems. Human activities fi include voice, noise from amplified sound systems, anaa animal noise. Mechanical systems be elevator systems, boilers, refrigeration anaa air conditioning systems, generators den trash compactors. Aerodynamic sources dey include fans, pneumatics, den combustion. Noise control give aerodynamic sources dey include quiet air nozzles, pneumatic silencers den quiet fan technology. Since many mechanical sounds dey inherently loud, de principal design element be say to require de wall anaa ceiling assembly to meet certain performance standards,<ref>Cyril M. Harris, ''Noise Control in Buildings: A Practical Guide for Architects and Engineers'' (1994)</ref> (typically Sound transmission class of 50), wey dey allow considerable attenuation of de sound level wey dey reach occupants. Dem bell de second type of interior sound as Impact Insulation Class (IIC) transmission. Dis effect dey arise not from airborne transmission, but rada from de transmission of sound thru de building einself. De most common perception of IIC noise be from de footfall of occupants insyd living spaces above. Dem easily transfer low-frequency noise thru de ground den buildings. Dis type of noise be more difficult to abate, but dem suppose give consideration to isolating de floor assembly above anaa hanging de lower ceiling for resilient channel top. Both of de transmission effects wey dem note above fi emanate either from building occupants anaa from building mechanical systems wey dey include elevators, plumbing systems den heating, ventilating den air conditioning units. For sam cases insyd, e dey merely necessary to specify de best available quieting technology for selecting such building hardware insyd. For oda cases insyd, shock mounting of systems to control vibration fi be for order insyd. For de case of plumbing systems insyd, der dey specific protocols wey dem develop, especially give water supply lines, to create isolation clamping of pipes within building walls. For de case of central air systems insyd, e dey important to baffle any ducts dat fi transmit sound between different building areas. Designing special-purpose rooms get more exotic challenges, since dem rooms fi get requirements give unusual features wey dey include concert performance, sound studio recording, den lecture halls. For dem cases insyd, dem suppose analyze reverberation den reflection in order to not only quiet de rooms, but to prevent echo effects from occurring. For dem situations insyd, dem fi specify special sound baffles den sound absorptive lining materials to dampen unwanted effects. == Post-architectural solutions == Acoustical wall den ceiling panels be a common commercial den residential solution give noise control for already-constructed buildings insyd. Dem fi construct acoustic panels of a variety of materials, though dem go frequently compose commercial acoustic applications of fiberglass anaa mineral wool-based acoustic substrates. For example, Mineral fiberboard be a commonly used acoustical substrate, den commercial thermal insulations, wey dey include dat dem use for de insulation of boiler tanks insyd, dey frequently repurposed give noise-controlling acoustic use based for demma effectiveness top at minimizing reverberations. De ideal acoustical panels be dem without a face anaa finish material dat fi interfere plus de performance of de acoustical infill, but aesthetic den safety concerns dey typically lead to fabric coverings anaa oda finishing materials to minimize impedance. Dem make panel finishings occasionally of a porous configuration of wood anaa metal. Dem limit de effectiveness of post-construction acoustic treatment by de amount of space wey dem able to allocate to acoustic treatment, den so dem frequently make on-site acoustical wall panels to conform to de shape of de preexisting space. Dem dey do dis by "framing" de perimeter track into shape, infilling de acoustical substrate den sanso dey stretch den tuck de fabric into de perimeter frame system. Dem fi construct on-site wall panels to work around door frames, baseboard, anaa any oda intrusion. Dem fi create large panels (generally greater dan 50 feet) for walls den ceilings top plus dis method. Double-glazed den thicker windows sanso fi prevent sound transmission from de outdoors. === Industrial === Dem traditionally associate industrial noise plus manufacturing settings wey industrial machinery dey produce intense sound levels,<ref>Randall F Barron and Barron F Barron, ''Industrial Noise Control and Acoustics'', Marcel Dekker, New York (2002) {{ISBN|978-0-8247-0701-9}}</ref> often upwards of 85 decibels. While dis circumstance be de most dramatic, der dey many oda work environments wey sound levels fi lie for de range of 70 to 75 decibels insyd, entirely composed of office equipment, music, public address systems, den even exterior noise intrusion. Either type of environment fi result for noise health effects insyd if de sound intensity den exposure time be too great. For de case of industrial equipment insyd, de most common techniques give noise protection of workers dey consist of shock mounting source equipment, creation of acrylic glass anaa oda solid barriers, den provision of ear protection equipment. For certain cases insyd dem fi redesign de machinery einself to operate for a manner insyd less prone to produce grating, grinding, frictional, anaa oda motions dat dey induce sound emissions. For recent years insyd, Buy Quiet programs den initiatives already arise for an effort insyd to combat occupational noise exposures. Dem programs dey promote de purchase of quieter tools den equipment den encourage manufacturers to design quieter equipment.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html "CDC – Buy Quiet – NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topics"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160808151558/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html Archived] from the original on 2016-08-08. Retrieved 2017-09-10.</ref> For de case of more conventional office environments insyd, de techniques for architectural acoustics insyd discussed above fi apply. Oda solutions fi involve researching de quietest models of office equipment, particularly printers den photocopy machines. Dem often fit impact printers den oda equipment plus "acoustic hoods", enclosures to reduce emitted noise. One source of annoying, if not loud, sound level emissions be lighting fixtures (notably older fluorescent globes). Dem fi retrofit anaa analyze dem fixtures to see weda over-illumination dey present, a common office environment issue. If over-illumination dey occur, de-lamping anaa reduced light bank usage fi apply. Photographers fi quieten noisy still cameras for a film set top wey dem dey use sound blimps. == References == <references /> == External links == *[https://www.icacommission.org/ International Commission for Acoustics] *[https://acousticalsociety.org/ Acoustical Society of America] *[https://euracoustics.org European Acoustics Association] *[https://www.aia.org/ American Institute of Architects] *[https://ncac.com/ National Council of Acoustical Consultants] *[http://www.bifma.com/ Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100909071605/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=46&pg=3005%2F 'City of Melbourne' Citysounds guide to urban residential design] *[https://noiseabatementsociety.org/ Noise Abatement Society] * [https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/soundsolutions/ Noise control case studies] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603081642/http://www.industrialdeafnesswatch.co.uk/category/case-studies/ Industrial noise control case studies] * [https://isostore.com/research/ Multiple sound isolation research articles for beginners] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] *[[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|OSHA]] Technical manual; [https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/ Chapter III: Noise] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Building technology]] [[Category:Environmental engineering]] [[Category:Environmental design]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Noise control| ]] [[Category:Road infrastructure]] [[Category:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 37xc183n83ol4re7zbni8ngrleoqmg6 0 31163 116387 115567 2026-11-08T04:03:49Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hypospadias''' be a common malformation insyd fetal development of de penis insyd wich de urethra no dey open from ein usual location on de head of de penis. E be de second-most common birth defect of de male reproductive system, wey dey affect about one of every 250 males at birth,<ref name="Snodgrass">{{Cite book |last=Snodgrass |first=Warren |title=Campbell-Walsh Urology, Tenth Edition |publisher=Elsevier |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-4160-6911-9 |editor-last=Wein |editor-first=Allan |pages=3503–3536 |chapter=Chapter 130: Hypospadias |editor-last2=Campbell |editor-first2=Meredith F |editor-last3=Walsh |editor-first3=Patrick C |name-list-style=vanc}}</ref> although wen e dey include milder cases, be found insyd up to 4% of newborn males.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Boisen |first=K. A. |last2=Chellakooty |first2=M. |last3=Schmidt |first3=I. M. |last4=Kai |first4=C. M. |last5=Damgaard |first5=I. N. |last6=Suomi |first6=A.-M. |last7=Toppari |first7=J. |last8=Skakkebaek |first8=N. E. |last9=Main |first9=K. M. |date=July 2005 |title=Hypospadias in a Cohort of 1072 Danish Newborn Boys: Prevalence and Relationship to Placental Weight, Anthropometrical Measurements at Birth, and Reproductive Hormone Levels at Three Months of Age |url=https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-lookup/doi/10.1210/jc.2005-0302 |journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism |language=en |volume=90 |issue=7 |pages=4041–4046 |doi=10.1210/jc.2005-0302 |issn=0021-972X |pmid=15870122 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Roughly 90% of cases be de less serious distal hypospadias, insyd wich de urethral opening (de [[Urinary meatus|meatus]]) be on anaa near de head of de penis ([[Glans penis|glans]]). De remainder get proximal hypospadias, insyd wich de meatus dey locate on de shaft of de penis, near anaa within de [[scrotum]]. Shiny tissue anaa anything wey typically dey form de urethra instead dey extend from de meatus to de tip of de glans; dis tissue be called de [[urethral plate]]. Insyd chaw cases, de [[foreskin]] be less developed den no dey wrap completely around de penis, leaving de underside of de glans uncovered. Also, a downward bending of de penis, dem commonly refer to as [[chordee]], fi occur.<ref name="south">{{cite book |vauthors=King S, Beasley S |veditors=South M |title=Practical Paediatrics, Seventh Edition |url=https://archive.org/details/practicalpaediat0000unse_t9g5 |publisher=Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier |year=2012 |orig-date=1st. Pub. 1986 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/practicalpaediat0000unse_t9g5/page/266 266]–267 |chapter=Chapter 9.1:Surgical Conditions in Older Children |isbn=978-0-702-04292-8}}</ref> Chordee be found insyd 10% of distal hypospadias<ref name="Snodgrass" /> den 50% of proximal hypospadias<ref name="pmid19692004">{{cite journal |vauthors=Snodgrass W, Prieto J |title=Straightening ventral curvature while preserving the urethral plate in proximal hypospadias repair |journal=[[The Journal of Urology]] |volume=182 |issue=4 Suppl |pages=1720–5 |date=October 2009 | pmid = 19692004 |doi=10.1016/j.juro.2009.02.084}}</ref> cases at de time of surgery. Also, de scrotum fi be higher dan usual on either side of de penis (dem call [[penoscrotal transposition]]). De cause of hypospadias be unknown; scientists investigate both genetic den [[File:Urethral_variations_in_a_vulva.png|thumb|Urethral variations insyd a vulva]] environmental mechanisms, such as prenatal hormones.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Hypospadias - Symptoms and causes |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypospadias/symptoms-causes/syc-20355148 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=[[Mayo Clinic]] |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715193226/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypospadias/symptoms-causes/syc-20355148 |archive-date=2024-07-15}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |last1=Bouty |first1=Aurore |last2=Ayers |first2=Katie L. |last3=Pask |first3=Andrew |last4=Heloury |first4=Yves |last5=Sinclair |first5=Andrew H. |date=2015-11-28 |title=The Genetic and Environmental Factors Underlying Hypospadias |journal=Sexual Development |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=239–259 |doi=10.1159/000441988 |issn=1661-5425 |pmc=5012964 |pmid=26613581}}</ref> Anoda model dey suggest hypospadias dey arise as a result of unerased epigenetic markers wich canalize sexual development.<ref name=":1" /> E most often dey occur by einself, widout oda variations, although insyd about 10% of cases e fi be part of a [[disorder of sex development]] condition anaa a medical syndrome plus multiple abnormalities.<ref name="pmid2231648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stoll C, Alembik Y, Roth MP, Dott B |title=Genetic and environmental factors in hypospadias |journal=[[Journal of Medical Genetics]] |volume=27 |issue=9 |pages=559–63 |date=September 1990 |pmid=2231648 |pmc=1017217 |doi=10.1136/jmg.27.9.559}}</ref><ref name="pmid3746833">{{cite journal |vauthors=Calzolari E, Contiero MR, Roncarati E, Mattiuz PL, Volpato S |title=Aetiological factors in hypospadias |journal=[[Journal of Medical Genetics]] |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=333–7 |date=August 1986 |pmid=3746833 |pmc=1049700 |doi=10.1136/jmg.23.4.333}}</ref> De most common associated difference be an [[undescended testicle]], wich be reported insyd around 3% of infants plus distal hypospadias den 10% plus proximal hypospadias.<ref name=Wu2002>{{cite journal |last1=Wu |first1=Hongfei |last2=Wei |first2=Zhang |last3=M. |first3=Gu |name-list-style=vanc |year=2002 |title=Hypospadias and enlarged prostatic utricle |journal=Chinese Journal of Urology |volume=12 |pages=51–3 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZHMN200212028.htm |access-date=2015-04-11 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053005/http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZHMN200212028.htm }}</ref> De combination of hypospadias den an undescended testicle sometimes dey indicate a kiddie get a [[Disorders of sex development|disorder of sex development]], so additional testing fi be recommended to make sure de kiddies no get [[congenital adrenal hyperplasia]] plus salt-wasting (missed diagnoses of salt-wasting CAH be related to an increased risk of neonatal morbidity) anaa a similar condition wer immediate medical intervention be needed.<ref name="pmid9120962">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaefer M, Tobin MS, Hendren WH, Bauer SB, Peters CA, Atala A, Colodny AH, Mandell J, Retik AB |display-authors=6 |title=Continent urinary diversion: the Children's Hospital experience |journal=[[The Journal of Urology]] |volume=157 |issue=4 |pages=1394–9 |date=April 1997 |pmid=9120962 |doi=10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64998-X}}</ref><ref name="pmid11796295">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tarman GJ, Kaplan GW, Lerman SL, McAleer IM, Losasso BE |title=Lower genitourinary injury and pelvic fractures in pediatric patients |journal=Urology |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=123–6; discussion 126 |date=January 2002 |pmid=11796295 |doi=10.1016/S0090-4295(01)01526-6}}</ref> Otherwise no blood tests anaa X-rays be routinely needed insyd newborns plus hypospadias.<ref name="Snodgrass"/> Hypospadias fi be a symptom of a [[disorder of sex development]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/Pages/Explaining-Disorders-of-Sex-Development-Intersexuality.aspx |title=Explaining Disorders of Sex Development & Intersexuality |date=21 November 2015}}</ref> buh insyd most cases, hypospadias no be associated plus any oda condition.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://patient.info/health/penis-problems/hypospadias |title=Hypospadias |last=Tidy |first=Colin |date=January 19, 2016 |website=Patient |publisher=Patient Platform Ltd |access-date=October 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019001815/https://patient.info/health/penis-problems/hypospadias |archive-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> Hypospadias sometimes be counted under de intersex umbrella by intersex rights activist groups, wey consider de repositioning of a working urethra on a kiddie too young to consent to be a [[Intersex human rights|human rights]] violation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://interactadvocates.org/faq/ |title=What is intersex? Frequently Asked Questions and Intersex Definitions |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=interACT |access-date= May 7, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-14 |title=Alice Dreger: Do you have to pee standing up to be a real man? – Intersex Human Rights Australia |url=https://ihra.org.au/21870/alice-dreger-hypospadias/ |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=ihra.org.au |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526012336/https://ihra.org.au/21870/alice-dreger-hypospadias/ |archive-date=2024-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-04 |title=IGM |url=https://oiieurope.org/igm/ |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=OII Europe |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622021814/https://www.oiieurope.org/igm/ |archive-date=2024-06-22}}</ref> ==Causes== === Associated conditions === De following conditions sometimes fi cause hypospadias: * [[Androgen insensitivity syndrome]] * [[5α-Reductase 2 deficiency]] * [[17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III deficiency]] * [[Isolated 17,20-lyase deficiency]] * [[Cytochrome b5 deficiency|Cytochrome b₅ deficiency]] * [[Klinefelter syndrome]] * [[Mixed gonadal dysgenesis|Mixed gonadal dysgensis]] * [[Ovotesticular syndrome]] * [[Hypogonadism]] * [[Aromatase excess syndrome]] * [[Inborn errors of steroid metabolism#Androgen- and estrogen-specific|Inborn errors of steroid metabolism]] * [[Testicular dysgenesis syndrome]] ==Society den culture== Notable individuals plus hypospadias:<!--Sources and citations required.--> * [[Henry II of France]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The "infertility" of Catherine de Medici and its influence on 16th century France |url=https://www.canjurol.com/pdfs/DrGordetsky.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413223559/https://www.canjurol.com/pdfs/DrGordetsky.pdf |archive-date=2016-04-13}}</ref> * [[Brendan Cole]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brendan Cole hints at why he was axed from 'Strictly' |date=5 November 2018 |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/brendan-cole-im-strictly-143915021.html}}</ref> *[[Tiger Devore]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-14459843 |title=Male or female? Babies born on the sliding sex scale |work=[[BBC News]] |date=11 October 2011 |access-date=2016-05-12 }}</ref><ref name="rewire2018">{{Cite news |last=Littlefield |first=Amy |title =Intersex People Want to End Nonconsensual Surgeries. A California Resolution Is Their 'Warning Shot.' |work=[[Rewire.News]] |access-date=2018-11-30 |date=August 13, 2018 |url=https://rewire.news/article/2018/08/13/intersex-people-want-to-end-nonconsensual-surgeries-a-california-resolution-is-their-warning-shot/ }}</ref> * [[Troy Kinne]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Celebrity Vox Pop Troy Kinne |url=https://thecelebritywhisperer.com.au/2023/03/09/troy-kinne/ |access-date=2026-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250420113409/https://thecelebritywhisperer.com.au/2023/03/09/troy-kinne/ |archive-date=2025-04-20}}</ref> * [[Gabriel J. Martín]]<ref name="abc">[https://www.abc.es/sociedad/20141020/abci-intersexualidad-cuerpos-enganan-201410170853.html Intersexualidad: «Nunca me sentí niña y mi comportamiento masculino era un problema».] ''ABC''. 20 October 2014.</ref><ref name="verne">[https://verne.elpais.com/verne/2016/06/24/articulo/1466781342_404833.html La barba me dio la razón: aunque me criaran como una niña, yo era un niño.] ''El País''. 30 June 2016.</ref> * [[Shooting of Scout Schultz|Scout Schultz]]<ref name="atavist2018">{{Cite news |issue=82 |last=Lieberman |first=Hallie |title=The Trigger Effect |work=The Atavist Magazine |access-date=2018-08-31 |date=2018-08-29 |url=https://magazine.atavist.com/the-trigger-effect-scout-schultz-georgia-tech |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901113216/https://magazine.atavist.com/the-trigger-effect-scout-schultz-georgia-tech |archive-date=2018-09-01 |url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Lil Dicky]]<ref>Heifetz, Danny, [https://www.theringer.com/tv/2020/3/4/21164450/dave-lil-dicky-fxx-interview When a Dick Joke Isn't a Joke], theringer.com, March 2020</ref> * [[Sa Bangji]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=조선왕조실록 |url=https://sillok.history.go.kr/main/main.do;jsessionid=4xGQQuQUt7BeodVL2IbdYtsZLNOJ6A5cD_RIbVfb.node20 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=sillok.history.go.kr}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons category|Hypospadias}} {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Austin PF, Siow Y, Fallat ME, Cain MP, Rink RC, Casale AJ |title=The relationship between müllerian inhibiting substance and androgens in boys with hypospadias |journal=[[The Journal of Urology]] |volume=168 |issue=4 Pt 2 |pages=1784–8; discussion 1788 |date=October 2002 |pmid=12352359 |doi=10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64413-8}} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Patel RP, Shukla AR, Snyder HM |title=The island tube and island onlay hypospadias repairs offer excellent long-term outcomes: a 14-year followup |journal=[[The Journal of Urology]] |volume=172 |issue=4 Pt 2 |pages=1717–9; discussion 1719 |date=October 2004 |pmid=15371798 |doi=10.1097/01.ju.0000138903.20136.22}} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Retik AB, Atala A |title=Complications of hypospadias repair |journal=The Urologic Clinics of North America |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=329–39 |date=May 2002 |pmid=12371224 |doi=10.1016/S0094-0143(02)00026-5}} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Shukla AR, Patel RP, Canning DA |title=Hypospadias |journal=The Urologic Clinics of North America |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=445–60, viii |date=August 2004 |pmid=15313054 |doi=10.1016/j.ucl.2004.04.020}} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Paulozzi LJ |title=International trends in rates of hypospadias and cryptorchidism |journal=Environ Health Perspect |volume=107 |issue=4 |pages=297–302 |date=April 1999 |pmid=10090709 |pmc=1566511 |doi=10.1289/ehp.99107297 |bibcode=1999EnvHP.107..297P }} * {{cite journal |journal=Indian Journal of Urology |year=2008 |volume=24 |issue=2 |title=Special issue on hypospadias |url=http://www.indianjurol.com/showBackIssue.asp?issn=0970-1591;year=2008;volume=24;issue=2;month=April-June}} {{refend}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Congenital disorders of urinary system]] [[Category:Congenital disorders of male genital organs]] [[Category:Penis]] [[Category:Intersex variations]] [[Category:Human penis]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] rhhiu99a8ebw3b8rfmplzg3vi5zb4lo 0 31280 116355 115859 2026-11-07T19:40:56Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cisplatin''' be a chemical compound plus [[chemical formula|formula]] ''cis''-{{chem2|[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]}}. E be a [[coordination complex]] of [[platinum]] wey be used as a [[chemotherapy medication]] dem use to treat a number of [[cancers]].<ref name="AHFS2016">{{cite web |title=Cisplatin |url= https://www.drugs.com/monograph/cisplatin.html |publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221012444/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/cisplatin.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> Dese dey include [[testicular cancer]], [[ovarian cancer]], [[cervical cancer]], [[bladder cancer]], [[head and neck cancer]], [[esophageal cancer]], [[lung cancer]], [[mesothelioma]], [[brain tumors]] den [[neuroblastoma]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> E be given by [[intravenous|injection into a vein]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Common side effects dey include [[bone marrow suppression]], [[hearing problems]] wey dey include severe hearing loss, [[nephrotoxicity|kidney damage]], den [[vomiting]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Oun R, Moussa YE, Wheate NJ | title = The side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs: a review for chemists | journal = Dalton Transactions | volume = 47 | issue = 19 | pages = 6645–6653 | date = May 2018 | pmid = 29632935 | doi = 10.1039/c8dt00838h | bibcode = 2018DTr....47.6645O }}</ref><ref name="pmid29051464">{{cite journal |vauthors=Callejo A, Sedó-Cabezón L, Juan ID, Llorens J |title=Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity: Effects, Mechanisms and Protection Strategies |journal=Toxics |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=268–293 |date=July 2015 |pmid=29051464 |pmc=5606684 |doi=10.3390/toxics3030268|doi-access=free |bibcode=2015Toxic...3..268C }}</ref> Oda serious side effects dey include numbness, trouble walking, [[allergic reactions]], [[electrolyte problems]], den [[heart disease]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ein use during pregnancy fi cause harm to de developing fetus.<ref name="AHFS2016" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cisplatin Use During Pregnancy |url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/cisplatin.html |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=Drugs.com |language=en}}</ref> Cisplatin dey insyd de [[platinum-based antineoplastic]] family of medications.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> E dey work in part by binding to DNA den inhibiting [[DNA replication|ein replication]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Cisplatin first be reported insyd 1845 den licensed for medical use insyd 1978 den 1979.<ref name="AHFS2016" /><ref name="Fis2006">{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527607495|page=513|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA513 |language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220163817/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA513 |archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> E dey on de [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 | year = 2019 | hdl = 10665/325771 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO | hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="WHO22nd">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021) | year = 2021 | hdl = 10665/345533 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabrowiak |first1=James C. |chapter = Cisplatin |title=Metals in Medicine |date= 2009 |isbn=978-0-470-68196-1 |edition=1 |doi=10.1002/9780470684986.ch3 | pages =73–107 |publisher= John Wiley & Sons|language=en}} * {{cite book | vauthors = Riddell IA, Lippard SJ | veditors = Sigel A, Sigel H, Freisinger E, Sigel RK | title = Metallo-Drugs: Development and Action of Anticancer Agents | series = Metal Ions in Life Sciences | volume = 18 | date = 2018 | publisher = de Gruyter GmbH | location = Berlin | isbn = 978-3-11-046984-4 | doi = 10.1515/9783110470734-007 | pmid = 29394020 | pages = 1–42 | chapter = Cisplatin and Oxaliplatin: Our Current Understanding of Their Actions }} {{refend}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite web| url = https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/cisplatin | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160510050335/http://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/Cisplatin | url-status = dead | archive-date = 10 May 2016 | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine| work = Drug Information Portal | title = Cisplatin }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210624060839/https://publications.iarc.fr/_publications/media/download/3339/e9c601280dccaa5a877bbc1ef1bd8e4a683ec189.pdf IARC Monograph: "Cisplatin"] * Wikiversity page for the International Ototoxicity Management Group: https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/International_Ototoxicity_Management_Group_(IOMG) [[Category:Ammine complexes]] [[Category:Bioinorganic chemistry]] [[Category:Chemotherapy| ]] [[Category:Chloro complexes]] [[Category:IARC Group 2A carcinogens]] [[Category:Medicinal inorganic chemistry]] [[Category:Nephrotoxins]] [[Category:Platinum complexes]] [[Category:Platinum-based antineoplastic agents]] [[Category:Platinum(II) compounds]] [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]] [[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:Toxicology]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] junk1451i7exrdk2s0arb7w1so8c5x7 0 31374 115963 2026-11-07T11:59:07Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1500487|Ascites]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 115963 wikitext text/x-wiki == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] lv7phf3xzu26ynuxyy396ffgo8ljw9w 115964 115963 2026-11-07T12:04:41Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ascites''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|aɪ|t|i|z}};<ref name="Pron2017">{{cite web |author=Staff writer |year=2010 |title=Ascites |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ascites |access-date=December 14, 2017 |work=Dictionary.com |publisher=[[IAC (company)|IAC]] |location=Oakland, CA}}</ref> {{ety|el|''ἀσκός'' (askos)|bag, sac}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=Ascites: background |url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/170907-overview?form=fpf}}</ref>) be de abnormal build-up of [[Peritoneal fluid|fluid]] insyd de [[abdomen]].<ref name="PM2017">{{cite web|title=Ascites|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022961/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309020336/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022961/|archive-date=March 9, 2018|website=National Library of Medicine|access-date=14 December 2017 |author1=Pmhdev }}</ref> Technically, e be more dan {{convert|25|ml}} of fluid insyd de [[peritoneal cavity]], although volumes greater dan {{convert|1|l|spell=in}} fi occur.<ref name="Ped2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pedersen JS, Bendtsen F, Møller S | title = Management of cirrhotic ascites | journal = Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 124–137 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25954497 | pmc = 4416972 | doi = 10.1177/2040622315580069 }}</ref> Symptoms fi include increased abdominal size, increased weight, abdominal discomfort, den [[shortness of breath]]. Complications fi include [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]].<ref name="Mer2016">{{cite web | vauthors = Tholey D |title=Ascites - Hepatic and Biliary Disorders|url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/approach-to-the-patient-with-liver-disease/ascites|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=14 December 2017|language=en-CA|date=May 2016}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == 9ana8iadr35vlvu0y1w5lx2dltw9by3 115965 115964 2026-11-07T13:08:14Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ascites''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|aɪ|t|i|z}};<ref name="Pron2017">{{cite web |author=Staff writer |year=2010 |title=Ascites |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ascites |access-date=December 14, 2017 |work=Dictionary.com |publisher=[[IAC (company)|IAC]] |location=Oakland, CA}}</ref> {{ety|el|''ἀσκός'' (askos)|bag, sac}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=Ascites: background |url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/170907-overview?form=fpf}}</ref>) be de abnormal build-up of [[Peritoneal fluid|fluid]] insyd de [[abdomen]].<ref name="PM2017">{{cite web|title=Ascites|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022961/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309020336/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022961/|archive-date=March 9, 2018|website=National Library of Medicine|access-date=14 December 2017 |author1=Pmhdev }}</ref> Technically, e be more dan {{convert|25|ml}} of fluid insyd de [[peritoneal cavity]], although volumes greater dan {{convert|1|l|spell=in}} fi occur.<ref name="Ped2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pedersen JS, Bendtsen F, Møller S | title = Management of cirrhotic ascites | journal = Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 124–137 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25954497 | pmc = 4416972 | doi = 10.1177/2040622315580069 }}</ref> Symptoms fi include increased abdominal size, increased weight, abdominal discomfort, den [[shortness of breath]]. Complications fi include [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]].<ref name="Mer2016">{{cite web | vauthors = Tholey D |title=Ascites - Hepatic and Biliary Disorders|url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/approach-to-the-patient-with-liver-disease/ascites|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=14 December 2017|language=en-CA|date=May 2016}}</ref> Insyd de [[developed world]], de most common cause be [[liver cirrhosis]], wey ein underlying mechanism dey involve [[portal hypertension|high blood pressure insyd de portal system]] den dysfunction of [[blood vessels]]. Oda causes dey include [[cancer]], [[heart failure]], [[tuberculosis]], [[pancreatitis]], den [[Budd–Chiari syndrome|blockage of de hepatic vein]].<ref name=Ped2015/> Diagnosis typically be based on an examination togeda plus [[ultrasound]] anaa a [[CT scan]]. Testing de fluid fi help in determining de underlying cause.<ref name=Mer2016/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] qnrm9og4thkxaccrhnc6mmnasj4r1bq 115967 115965 2026-11-07T13:28:41Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ascites''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|aɪ|t|i|z}};<ref name="Pron2017">{{cite web |author=Staff writer |year=2010 |title=Ascites |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ascites |access-date=December 14, 2017 |work=Dictionary.com |publisher=[[IAC (company)|IAC]] |location=Oakland, CA}}</ref> {{ety|el|''ἀσκός'' (askos)|bag, sac}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=Ascites: background |url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/170907-overview?form=fpf}}</ref>) be de abnormal build-up of [[Peritoneal fluid|fluid]] insyd de [[abdomen]].<ref name="PM2017">{{cite web|title=Ascites|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022961/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309020336/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022961/|archive-date=March 9, 2018|website=National Library of Medicine|access-date=14 December 2017 |author1=Pmhdev }}</ref> Technically, e be more dan {{convert|25|ml}} of fluid insyd de [[peritoneal cavity]], although volumes greater dan {{convert|1|l|spell=in}} fi occur.<ref name="Ped2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pedersen JS, Bendtsen F, Møller S | title = Management of cirrhotic ascites | journal = Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 124–137 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25954497 | pmc = 4416972 | doi = 10.1177/2040622315580069 }}</ref> Symptoms fi include increased abdominal size, increased weight, abdominal discomfort, den [[shortness of breath]]. Complications fi include [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]].<ref name="Mer2016">{{cite web | vauthors = Tholey D |title=Ascites - Hepatic and Biliary Disorders|url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/approach-to-the-patient-with-liver-disease/ascites|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=14 December 2017|language=en-CA|date=May 2016}}</ref> Insyd de [[developed world]], de most common cause be [[liver cirrhosis]], wey ein underlying mechanism dey involve [[portal hypertension|high blood pressure insyd de portal system]] den dysfunction of [[blood vessels]]. Oda causes dey include [[cancer]], [[heart failure]], [[tuberculosis]], [[pancreatitis]], den [[Budd–Chiari syndrome|blockage of de hepatic vein]].<ref name=Ped2015/> Diagnosis typically be based on an examination togeda plus [[ultrasound]] anaa a [[CT scan]]. Testing de fluid fi help in determining de underlying cause.<ref name=Mer2016/> Treatment often dey involve a [[low-salt diet]], medication such as [[diuretic]]s, den [[paracentesis|draining de fluid]]. A [[transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt]] (TIPS) fi be placed buh e be associated plus complications.<ref name=Mer2016/> Attempts to treat de underlying cause, such as by a [[liver transplant]], fi be considered. Of those plus [[cirrhosis]], more dan half develop ascites insyd de ten years following diagnosis. Of those insyd dis group wey dey develop ascites, half go die within three years.<ref name=Ped2015/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 73w6j6xud1eok404rqvco5hp8t30ubq 115968 115967 2026-11-07T13:37:18Z DaSupremo 9 /* Etymology */ Improve article 115968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ascites''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|aɪ|t|i|z}};<ref name="Pron2017">{{cite web |author=Staff writer |year=2010 |title=Ascites |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ascites |access-date=December 14, 2017 |work=Dictionary.com |publisher=[[IAC (company)|IAC]] |location=Oakland, CA}}</ref> {{ety|el|''ἀσκός'' (askos)|bag, sac}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=Ascites: background |url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/170907-overview?form=fpf}}</ref>) be de abnormal build-up of [[Peritoneal fluid|fluid]] insyd de [[abdomen]].<ref name="PM2017">{{cite web|title=Ascites|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022961/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309020336/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022961/|archive-date=March 9, 2018|website=National Library of Medicine|access-date=14 December 2017 |author1=Pmhdev }}</ref> Technically, e be more dan {{convert|25|ml}} of fluid insyd de [[peritoneal cavity]], although volumes greater dan {{convert|1|l|spell=in}} fi occur.<ref name="Ped2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pedersen JS, Bendtsen F, Møller S | title = Management of cirrhotic ascites | journal = Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 124–137 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25954497 | pmc = 4416972 | doi = 10.1177/2040622315580069 }}</ref> Symptoms fi include increased abdominal size, increased weight, abdominal discomfort, den [[shortness of breath]]. Complications fi include [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]].<ref name="Mer2016">{{cite web | vauthors = Tholey D |title=Ascites - Hepatic and Biliary Disorders|url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/approach-to-the-patient-with-liver-disease/ascites|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=14 December 2017|language=en-CA|date=May 2016}}</ref> Insyd de [[developed world]], de most common cause be [[liver cirrhosis]], wey ein underlying mechanism dey involve [[portal hypertension|high blood pressure insyd de portal system]] den dysfunction of [[blood vessels]]. Oda causes dey include [[cancer]], [[heart failure]], [[tuberculosis]], [[pancreatitis]], den [[Budd–Chiari syndrome|blockage of de hepatic vein]].<ref name=Ped2015/> Diagnosis typically be based on an examination togeda plus [[ultrasound]] anaa a [[CT scan]]. Testing de fluid fi help in determining de underlying cause.<ref name=Mer2016/> Treatment often dey involve a [[low-salt diet]], medication such as [[diuretic]]s, den [[paracentesis|draining de fluid]]. A [[transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt]] (TIPS) fi be placed buh e be associated plus complications.<ref name=Mer2016/> Attempts to treat de underlying cause, such as by a [[liver transplant]], fi be considered. Of those plus [[cirrhosis]], more dan half develop ascites insyd de ten years following diagnosis. Of those insyd dis group wey dey develop ascites, half go die within three years.<ref name=Ped2015/> ==Etymology== De [[Latin]] ascites, originally from [[Greek language|Greek]] (askites [ασκίτης]), mean "bag-like dropsy," from askós (ἀσκός), a leather bag anaa sheepskin ("wineskin") dem use for carrying wine, water anaa oil.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wong F, Blendis L | title = Historical Aspects of Ascites and the Hepatorenal Syndrome | journal = Clinical Liver Disease | volume = 18 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = 14–27 | date = October 2021 | pmid = 34745581 | pmc = 8555459 | doi = 10.1002/cld.1090 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] em9ixewymf4qfmisfkd40xwq9wp31bt 115969 115968 2026-11-07T13:49:58Z DaSupremo 9 /* Causes */ Improve article 115969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ascites''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|aɪ|t|i|z}};<ref name="Pron2017">{{cite web |author=Staff writer |year=2010 |title=Ascites |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ascites |access-date=December 14, 2017 |work=Dictionary.com |publisher=[[IAC (company)|IAC]] |location=Oakland, CA}}</ref> {{ety|el|''ἀσκός'' (askos)|bag, sac}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=Ascites: background |url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/170907-overview?form=fpf}}</ref>) be de abnormal build-up of [[Peritoneal fluid|fluid]] insyd de [[abdomen]].<ref name="PM2017">{{cite web|title=Ascites|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022961/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309020336/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022961/|archive-date=March 9, 2018|website=National Library of Medicine|access-date=14 December 2017 |author1=Pmhdev }}</ref> Technically, e be more dan {{convert|25|ml}} of fluid insyd de [[peritoneal cavity]], although volumes greater dan {{convert|1|l|spell=in}} fi occur.<ref name="Ped2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pedersen JS, Bendtsen F, Møller S | title = Management of cirrhotic ascites | journal = Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 124–137 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25954497 | pmc = 4416972 | doi = 10.1177/2040622315580069 }}</ref> Symptoms fi include increased abdominal size, increased weight, abdominal discomfort, den [[shortness of breath]]. Complications fi include [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]].<ref name="Mer2016">{{cite web | vauthors = Tholey D |title=Ascites - Hepatic and Biliary Disorders|url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/approach-to-the-patient-with-liver-disease/ascites|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=14 December 2017|language=en-CA|date=May 2016}}</ref> Insyd de [[developed world]], de most common cause be [[liver cirrhosis]], wey ein underlying mechanism dey involve [[portal hypertension|high blood pressure insyd de portal system]] den dysfunction of [[blood vessels]]. Oda causes dey include [[cancer]], [[heart failure]], [[tuberculosis]], [[pancreatitis]], den [[Budd–Chiari syndrome|blockage of de hepatic vein]].<ref name=Ped2015/> Diagnosis typically be based on an examination togeda plus [[ultrasound]] anaa a [[CT scan]]. Testing de fluid fi help in determining de underlying cause.<ref name=Mer2016/> Treatment often dey involve a [[low-salt diet]], medication such as [[diuretic]]s, den [[paracentesis|draining de fluid]]. A [[transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt]] (TIPS) fi be placed buh e be associated plus complications.<ref name=Mer2016/> Attempts to treat de underlying cause, such as by a [[liver transplant]], fi be considered. Of those plus [[cirrhosis]], more dan half develop ascites insyd de ten years following diagnosis. Of those insyd dis group wey dey develop ascites, half go die within three years.<ref name=Ped2015/> ==Etymology== De [[Latin]] ascites, originally from [[Greek language|Greek]] (askites [ασκίτης]), mean "bag-like dropsy," from askós (ἀσκός), a leather bag anaa sheepskin ("wineskin") dem use for carrying wine, water anaa oil.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wong F, Blendis L | title = Historical Aspects of Ascites and the Hepatorenal Syndrome | journal = Clinical Liver Disease | volume = 18 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = 14–27 | date = October 2021 | pmid = 34745581 | pmc = 8555459 | doi = 10.1002/cld.1090 }}</ref> ==Causes== Causes of high [[serum-ascites albumin gradient]] (SAAG or transudate) be:<ref name="OTM2">{{cite book |title=Oxford textbook of medicine |vauthors=Warrell DA, Cox TN, Firth JD, Benz ED |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-262922-0 |location=Oxford}}</ref> * [[Cirrhosis]] – 81% (alcoholic insyd 65%, viral insyd 10%, cryptogenic insyd 6%) * [[Heart failure]] – 3% * Hepatic venous occlusion: [[Budd–Chiari syndrome]] anaa [[veno-occlusive disease]] * [[Constrictive pericarditis]] * [[Kwashiorkor]] (kiddie time protein-energy malnutrition) Causes of low SAAG ("exudate") be * [[Cancer]] ([[metastasis]] den [[primary peritoneal carcinoma]]tosis) – 10% * Infection: [[Tuberculosis]] – 2% anaa [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]] * [[Pancreatitis]] – 1% * [[Serositis]] * [[Nephrotic syndrome]]<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Burroughs AK, Westaby D | chapter = Chapter 7: Liver, biliary tract and pancreatic disease | veditors = Clark ML, Kumar P | title = Kumar & Clark's Clinical Medicine | edition = 8th | date = 2012 | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences | pages = 303–370 (335) | isbn = 978-0-7020-5304-7 }}</ref> * Hereditary [[angioedema]]<ref name="pmid9636820">{{cite journal | vauthors = Branco-Ferreira M, Pedro E, Barbosa MA, Carlos AG | title = Ascites in hereditary angioedema | journal = Allergy | volume = 53 | issue = 5 | pages = 543–545 | date = May 1998 | pmid = 9636820 | doi = 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb04098.x | s2cid = 35762764 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] socs360cmq9jdq5jru9nk1rs6r2yi75 115970 115969 2026-11-07T13:56:01Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ascites''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|aɪ|t|i|z}};<ref name="Pron2017">{{cite web |author=Staff writer |year=2010 |title=Ascites |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ascites |access-date=December 14, 2017 |work=Dictionary.com |publisher=[[IAC (company)|IAC]] |location=Oakland, CA}}</ref> {{ety|el|''ἀσκός'' (askos)|bag, sac}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=Ascites: background |url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/170907-overview?form=fpf}}</ref>) be de abnormal build-up of [[Peritoneal fluid|fluid]] insyd de [[abdomen]].<ref name="PM2017">{{cite web|title=Ascites|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022961/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309020336/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022961/|archive-date=March 9, 2018|website=National Library of Medicine|access-date=14 December 2017 |author1=Pmhdev }}</ref> Technically, e be more dan {{convert|25|ml}} of fluid insyd de [[peritoneal cavity]], although volumes greater dan {{convert|1|l|spell=in}} fi occur.<ref name="Ped2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pedersen JS, Bendtsen F, Møller S | title = Management of cirrhotic ascites | journal = Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 124–137 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25954497 | pmc = 4416972 | doi = 10.1177/2040622315580069 }}</ref> Symptoms fi include increased abdominal size, increased weight, abdominal discomfort, den [[shortness of breath]]. Complications fi include [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]].<ref name="Mer2016">{{cite web | vauthors = Tholey D |title=Ascites - Hepatic and Biliary Disorders|url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/approach-to-the-patient-with-liver-disease/ascites|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=14 December 2017|language=en-CA|date=May 2016}}</ref> Insyd de [[developed world]], de most common cause be [[liver cirrhosis]], wey ein underlying mechanism dey involve [[portal hypertension|high blood pressure insyd de portal system]] den dysfunction of [[blood vessels]]. Oda causes dey include [[cancer]], [[heart failure]], [[tuberculosis]], [[pancreatitis]], den [[Budd–Chiari syndrome|blockage of de hepatic vein]].<ref name=Ped2015/> Diagnosis typically be based on an examination togeda plus [[ultrasound]] anaa a [[CT scan]]. Testing de fluid fi help in determining de underlying cause.<ref name=Mer2016/> Treatment often dey involve a [[low-salt diet]], medication such as [[diuretic]]s, den [[paracentesis|draining de fluid]]. A [[transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt]] (TIPS) fi be placed buh e be associated plus complications.<ref name=Mer2016/> Attempts to treat de underlying cause, such as by a [[liver transplant]], fi be considered. Of those plus [[cirrhosis]], more dan half develop ascites insyd de ten years following diagnosis. Of those insyd dis group wey dey develop ascites, half go die within three years.<ref name=Ped2015/> ==Etymology== De [[Latin]] ascites, originally from [[Greek language|Greek]] (askites [ασκίτης]), mean "bag-like dropsy," from askós (ἀσκός), a leather bag anaa sheepskin ("wineskin") dem use for carrying wine, water anaa oil.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wong F, Blendis L | title = Historical Aspects of Ascites and the Hepatorenal Syndrome | journal = Clinical Liver Disease | volume = 18 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = 14–27 | date = October 2021 | pmid = 34745581 | pmc = 8555459 | doi = 10.1002/cld.1090 }}</ref> ==Causes== Causes of high [[serum-ascites albumin gradient]] (SAAG or transudate) be:<ref name="OTM2">{{cite book |title=Oxford textbook of medicine |vauthors=Warrell DA, Cox TN, Firth JD, Benz ED |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-262922-0 |location=Oxford}}</ref> * [[Cirrhosis]] – 81% (alcoholic insyd 65%, viral insyd 10%, cryptogenic insyd 6%) * [[Heart failure]] – 3% * Hepatic venous occlusion: [[Budd–Chiari syndrome]] anaa [[veno-occlusive disease]] * [[Constrictive pericarditis]] * [[Kwashiorkor]] (kiddie time protein-energy malnutrition) Causes of low SAAG ("exudate") be * [[Cancer]] ([[metastasis]] den [[primary peritoneal carcinoma]]tosis) – 10% * Infection: [[Tuberculosis]] – 2% anaa [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]] * [[Pancreatitis]] – 1% * [[Serositis]] * [[Nephrotic syndrome]]<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Burroughs AK, Westaby D | chapter = Chapter 7: Liver, biliary tract and pancreatic disease | veditors = Clark ML, Kumar P | title = Kumar & Clark's Clinical Medicine | edition = 8th | date = 2012 | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences | pages = 303–370 (335) | isbn = 978-0-7020-5304-7 }}</ref> * Hereditary [[angioedema]]<ref name="pmid9636820">{{cite journal | vauthors = Branco-Ferreira M, Pedro E, Barbosa MA, Carlos AG | title = Ascites in hereditary angioedema | journal = Allergy | volume = 53 | issue = 5 | pages = 543–545 | date = May 1998 | pmid = 9636820 | doi = 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb04098.x | s2cid = 35762764 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Symptoms den signs: Digestive system den abdomen]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 6wm1vmf18kv1k3kgbz88ql5b3fn3mlb 0 31375 115966 2026-11-07T13:28:18Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1504783|Apomorphine]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 115966 wikitext text/x-wiki == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] lv7phf3xzu26ynuxyy396ffgo8ljw9w 115971 115966 2026-11-07T14:10:56Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Apomorphine''', dem sell under de brand name '''Apokyn''' among odas, be a type of [[aporphine]] wey dey function as a non-[[binding selectivity|selective]] [[dopamine agonist]] wich dey activate both [[D2-like receptor|D₂-like]] den, to a much lesser extent, [[D1-like receptor|D₁-like receptor]]s.<ref name="pmid12388666">{{cite journal | vauthors = Millan MJ, Maiofiss L, Cussac D, Audinot V, Boutin JA, Newman-Tancredi A | title = Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. I. A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 303 | issue = 2 | pages = 791–804 | date = November 2002 | pmid = 12388666 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.102.039867 | s2cid = 6200455 }}</ref> E sanso dey act as an [[receptor antagonist|antagonist]] of [[5-HT2 receptor|5-HT₂]] den [[alpha-adrenergic receptor|α-adrenergic receptor]]s plus high [[affinity (pharmacology)|affinity]]. De compound be an alkaloid wey dey belong to ''[[Nymphaea caerulea]]'' (blue lotus), buh sanso be historically known as a [[morphine]] decomposition product dem make by boiling morphine plus concentrated acid, hence de ''-morphine'' suffix. Contrary to ein name, apomorphine no actually dey contain morphine anaa ein skeleton, nor e dey bind to [[opioid receptor]]s. De ''apo-'' prefix dey relate to am being a [[morphine]] derivative ("[comes] from morphine"). == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == idu3bflr0bmd1s3d2prkhlxt2ixexfz 115972 115971 2026-11-07T14:20:21Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Apomorphine''', dem sell under de brand name '''Apokyn''' among odas, be a type of [[aporphine]] wey dey function as a non-[[binding selectivity|selective]] [[dopamine agonist]] wich dey activate both [[D2-like receptor|D₂-like]] den, to a much lesser extent, [[D1-like receptor|D₁-like receptor]]s.<ref name="pmid12388666">{{cite journal | vauthors = Millan MJ, Maiofiss L, Cussac D, Audinot V, Boutin JA, Newman-Tancredi A | title = Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. I. A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 303 | issue = 2 | pages = 791–804 | date = November 2002 | pmid = 12388666 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.102.039867 | s2cid = 6200455 }}</ref> E sanso dey act as an [[receptor antagonist|antagonist]] of [[5-HT2 receptor|5-HT₂]] den [[alpha-adrenergic receptor|α-adrenergic receptor]]s plus high [[affinity (pharmacology)|affinity]]. De compound be an alkaloid wey dey belong to ''[[Nymphaea caerulea]]'' (blue lotus), buh sanso be historically known as a [[morphine]] decomposition product dem make by boiling morphine plus concentrated acid, hence de ''-morphine'' suffix. Contrary to ein name, apomorphine no actually dey contain morphine anaa ein skeleton, nor e dey bind to [[opioid receptor]]s. De ''apo-'' prefix dey relate to am being a [[morphine]] derivative ("[comes] from morphine"). Historically, apomorphine be tried for a variety of uses, wey dey include as a way to relieve anxiety den craving insyd alcoholics, an emetic (to induce vomiting), for treating [[stereotypies]] (repeated behaviour) insyd farmyard animals, den more recently insyd treating [[erectile dysfunction]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Albersen M, Mwamukonda KB, Shindel AW, Lue TF | title = Evaluation and treatment of erectile dysfunction | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 95 | issue = 1 | pages = 201–212 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 21095423 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.08.016 | series = Urologic Issues for the Internist }}</ref> Currently, apomorphine be used insyd de treatment of [[Parkinson's disease]]. E be a potent [[emetic]] wey e for no be administered widout an [[antiemetic]] such as [[domperidone]]. De emetic properties of apomorphine be exploited insyd veterinary medicine to induce therapeutic [[emesis]] insyd canines wey recently dem ingest toxic anaa foreign substances. == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] dxfloxv6xnn3rb9u8oh2uzu102pmk44 115973 115972 2026-11-07T14:31:38Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Apomorphine''', dem sell under de brand name '''Apokyn''' among odas, be a type of [[aporphine]] wey dey function as a non-[[binding selectivity|selective]] [[dopamine agonist]] wich dey activate both [[D2-like receptor|D₂-like]] den, to a much lesser extent, [[D1-like receptor|D₁-like receptor]]s.<ref name="pmid12388666">{{cite journal | vauthors = Millan MJ, Maiofiss L, Cussac D, Audinot V, Boutin JA, Newman-Tancredi A | title = Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. I. A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 303 | issue = 2 | pages = 791–804 | date = November 2002 | pmid = 12388666 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.102.039867 | s2cid = 6200455 }}</ref> E sanso dey act as an [[receptor antagonist|antagonist]] of [[5-HT2 receptor|5-HT₂]] den [[alpha-adrenergic receptor|α-adrenergic receptor]]s plus high [[affinity (pharmacology)|affinity]]. De compound be an alkaloid wey dey belong to ''[[Nymphaea caerulea]]'' (blue lotus), buh sanso be historically known as a [[morphine]] decomposition product dem make by boiling morphine plus concentrated acid, hence de ''-morphine'' suffix. Contrary to ein name, apomorphine no actually dey contain morphine anaa ein skeleton, nor e dey bind to [[opioid receptor]]s. De ''apo-'' prefix dey relate to am being a [[morphine]] derivative ("[comes] from morphine"). Historically, apomorphine be tried for a variety of uses, wey dey include as a way to relieve anxiety den craving insyd alcoholics, an emetic (to induce vomiting), for treating [[stereotypies]] (repeated behaviour) insyd farmyard animals, den more recently insyd treating [[erectile dysfunction]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Albersen M, Mwamukonda KB, Shindel AW, Lue TF | title = Evaluation and treatment of erectile dysfunction | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 95 | issue = 1 | pages = 201–212 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 21095423 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.08.016 | series = Urologic Issues for the Internist }}</ref> Currently, apomorphine be used insyd de treatment of [[Parkinson's disease]]. E be a potent [[emetic]] wey e for no be administered widout an [[antiemetic]] such as [[domperidone]]. De emetic properties of apomorphine be exploited insyd veterinary medicine to induce therapeutic [[emesis]] insyd canines wey recently dem ingest toxic anaa foreign substances. Na apomorphine be used to treat a variety of maladies, wey dey include to induce vomiting insyd cases of poisoning, to relieve [[bronchitis]] den oda respiratory illnesses, as an [[operant conditioning|aversive conditioner]] insyd [[substance abuse]] treatment, to quell [[mania]] anaa [[anxiety]], to treat [[erectile dysfunction]], den to treat various movement disorders, among odas.<ref name="Auffret_20182">{{cite journal |vauthors=Auffret M, Drapier S, Vérin M |date=June 2018 |title=The Many Faces of Apomorphine: Lessons from the Past and Challenges for the Future |journal=Drugs in R&d |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.1007/s40268-018-0230-3 |pmc=5995787 |pmid=29546602}}</ref>{{rp|96–99}} Der be conflicting studies about de drug ein efficacy insyd treating addiction.<ref name="Auffret_20182" />{{rp|98}} == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] h7l1n02v3kh40wukkw4cubdvaqghm32 115974 115973 2026-11-07T14:47:56Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 115974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Apomorphine''', dem sell under de brand name '''Apokyn''' among odas, be a type of [[aporphine]] wey dey function as a non-[[binding selectivity|selective]] [[dopamine agonist]] wich dey activate both [[D2-like receptor|D₂-like]] den, to a much lesser extent, [[D1-like receptor|D₁-like receptor]]s.<ref name="pmid12388666">{{cite journal | vauthors = Millan MJ, Maiofiss L, Cussac D, Audinot V, Boutin JA, Newman-Tancredi A | title = Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. I. A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 303 | issue = 2 | pages = 791–804 | date = November 2002 | pmid = 12388666 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.102.039867 | s2cid = 6200455 }}</ref> E sanso dey act as an [[receptor antagonist|antagonist]] of [[5-HT2 receptor|5-HT₂]] den [[alpha-adrenergic receptor|α-adrenergic receptor]]s plus high [[affinity (pharmacology)|affinity]]. De compound be an alkaloid wey dey belong to ''[[Nymphaea caerulea]]'' (blue lotus), buh sanso be historically known as a [[morphine]] decomposition product dem make by boiling morphine plus concentrated acid, hence de ''-morphine'' suffix. Contrary to ein name, apomorphine no actually dey contain morphine anaa ein skeleton, nor e dey bind to [[opioid receptor]]s. De ''apo-'' prefix dey relate to am being a [[morphine]] derivative ("[comes] from morphine"). Historically, apomorphine be tried for a variety of uses, wey dey include as a way to relieve anxiety den craving insyd alcoholics, an emetic (to induce vomiting), for treating [[stereotypies]] (repeated behaviour) insyd farmyard animals, den more recently insyd treating [[erectile dysfunction]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Albersen M, Mwamukonda KB, Shindel AW, Lue TF | title = Evaluation and treatment of erectile dysfunction | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 95 | issue = 1 | pages = 201–212 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 21095423 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.08.016 | series = Urologic Issues for the Internist }}</ref> Currently, apomorphine be used insyd de treatment of [[Parkinson's disease]]. E be a potent [[emetic]] wey e for no be administered widout an [[antiemetic]] such as [[domperidone]]. De emetic properties of apomorphine be exploited insyd veterinary medicine to induce therapeutic [[emesis]] insyd canines wey recently dem ingest toxic anaa foreign substances. Na apomorphine be used to treat a variety of maladies, wey dey include to induce vomiting insyd cases of poisoning, to relieve [[bronchitis]] den oda respiratory illnesses, as an [[operant conditioning|aversive conditioner]] insyd [[substance abuse]] treatment, to quell [[mania]] anaa [[anxiety]], to treat [[erectile dysfunction]], den to treat various movement disorders, among odas.<ref name="Auffret_20182">{{cite journal |vauthors=Auffret M, Drapier S, Vérin M |date=June 2018 |title=The Many Faces of Apomorphine: Lessons from the Past and Challenges for the Future |journal=Drugs in R&d |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.1007/s40268-018-0230-3 |pmc=5995787 |pmid=29546602}}</ref>{{rp|96–99}} Der be conflicting studies about de drug ein efficacy insyd treating addiction.<ref name="Auffret_20182" />{{rp|98}} == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:5-HT2A antagonists]] [[Category:5-HT2B antagonists]] [[Category:5-HT2C antagonists]] [[Category:Alpha blockers]] [[Category:Aporphines]] [[Category:Catechols]] [[Category:D1 receptor agonists]] [[Category:D2 receptor agonists]] [[Category:D3 receptor agonists]] [[Category:D4 receptor agonists]] [[Category:D5 receptor agonists]] [[Category:Emetics]] [[Category:Erectile dysfunction drugs]] [[Category:Sexual orientation den medicine]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] cyob4d7ed6cuxxwfvsfd2r7xn8nqbm3 14 31376 115975 2026-11-07T14:52:13Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 115975 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31377 115976 2026-11-07T14:52:24Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 115976 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31378 115977 2026-11-07T14:52:37Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 115977 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31379 115978 2026-11-07T14:55:53Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 115978 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31380 115979 2026-11-07T14:56:42Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 115979 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31381 115980 2026-11-07T14:58:24Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 115980 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31382 115981 2026-11-07T14:58:45Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 115981 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 31383 115982 2026-11-07T14:59:39Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 Created page with "Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132449/http://ghanaschools.info/listing/mfantsipim-secondary/ "Mfantsipim Senior Secondary School"]}}, Ghana Schools.</ref>. Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, an..." 115982 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132449/http://ghanaschools.info/listing/mfantsipim-secondary/ "Mfantsipim Senior Secondary School"]}}, Ghana Schools.</ref>. Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster. k7mj0yftkzbkpzpv4vkgcln2sdby3kd 115984 115982 2026-11-07T15:04:46Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 115984 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster. nvlja57xdi9hgyb7e5773qqjv73vmm6 115987 115984 2026-11-07T15:07:10Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 115987 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132449/http://ghanaschools.info/listing/mfantsipim-secondary/ "Mfantsipim Senior Secondary School"]}}, Ghana Schools.</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster. mncviwaxeu24mxpc5znt65rrbldbqw4 115990 115987 2026-11-07T15:08:57Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 115990 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132449/http://ghanaschools.info/listing/mfantsipim-secondary/ "Mfantsipim Senior Secondary School"]}}, Ghana Schools.</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster. 92b5aw6p7ihs0ln4j7jyuuse52wz70f 115992 115990 2026-11-07T15:11:13Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 115992 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster. 01p3rdl6yi3ijdkvkwq34r3ysn38min 115993 115992 2026-11-07T15:12:22Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 115993 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster. Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College. 0ujlt1b4ip7bna3bbr3nt7fx93jgzj8 115997 115993 2026-11-07T15:14:12Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 115997 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College. ayhtwhp8prbebm3pvyydf4u4slqmc5l 115998 115997 2026-11-07T15:15:29Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 115998 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref> 21wqnq0jy9ph29fjb1ophrpm6ik4bvl 116000 115998 2026-11-07T15:16:12Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 116000 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> fmb02f02nsr4wljlx3it893yjwd8o7c 116001 116000 2026-11-07T15:16:34Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 116001 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == References == fhv6fljlt4drnsutt5ua8749drp1urc 116006 116001 2026-11-07T15:18:08Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 116006 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == == References == c5peegycfbei921rijd4kra485acy8r 116007 116006 2026-11-07T15:19:27Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116007 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. == References == hmygubrvqun85f0cuk2z1fjfh36piua 116012 116007 2026-11-07T15:22:09Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116012 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. == References == kg2a7ne4wgg9e9mhopnd3sz3qm8xddj 116013 116012 2026-11-07T15:23:14Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116013 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. == References == 7kst9kg6pobfufh77zplgfr3ar5fum1 116015 116013 2026-11-07T15:24:08Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116015 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. == References == sh9xuzqzzmpx4expm2ri0cmafzvbj0w 116016 116015 2026-11-07T15:24:59Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116016 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School. == References == 4t4qim530ltogjsktkrbve5flapyaik 116017 116016 2026-11-07T15:25:30Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116017 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> == References == 2qmp1ov144e7kkzn834u7cz2jrme30c 116018 116017 2026-11-07T15:26:07Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116018 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> Foundation den Early Growth == References == c6gkav3ae9501e9ke40q9uhmunn4rnw 116019 116018 2026-11-07T15:26:33Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116019 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' == References == mad0gpvk75nc3p8sd4s8khiz06vy4o9 116023 116019 2026-11-07T15:30:01Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116023 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. == References == gh85cbhyc4uypzppqvf7kjef7r2e6un 116026 116023 2026-11-07T15:31:33Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116026 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. == References == 20jnkjz48xrwipvg234n1o93o8tkg7e 116029 116026 2026-11-07T15:33:47Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116029 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead. == References == ivzmou6g421qhr7fx2lw7lx1bvy0lo4 116031 116029 2026-11-07T15:36:20Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116031 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead. The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. == References == 4q9rn7l8lhhcna0d3ougmuac9tcknpi 116033 116031 2026-11-07T15:36:59Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116033 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead. The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today. == References == hyj6hibx7kyuvhpzaxt7f3b8g94mkzx 116037 116033 2026-11-07T15:38:51Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116037 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead. The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today. For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem," wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change. == References == imz1t3mmlqkujzy8uien7aq335siuk8 116039 116037 2026-11-07T15:39:57Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116039 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead. The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today. Name Change and Development For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem," wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change. == References == 0nzhe90ydcihuqddzzj3e2ikrlhog8s 116043 116039 2026-11-07T15:41:56Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116043 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead. The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today. '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem," wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change. == References == fj3gy2tlcpyi14wu0gmihc1plrkfuu1 116047 116043 2026-11-07T15:45:18Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116047 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead. The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today. '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem," wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim. == References == er6348dan6qp04kj1ano9io7qyrq37g 116049 116047 2026-11-07T15:46:18Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116049 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today. '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem," wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim. == References == twhali4w2vyliugj06s9vm959dl97aw 116050 116049 2026-11-07T15:46:50Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116050 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today. '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem," wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim. == References == 7bifybn09a7rqfluqeywtmnnax03m4w 116051 116050 2026-11-07T15:47:34Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116051 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem," wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim. == References == fkekw3oc8rhqis2rsxf4n8pfppjal65 116054 116051 2026-11-07T15:48:53Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116054 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim. == References == nm7j6bpjm5r5ege5pyjs317bbmfhc11 116057 116054 2026-11-07T15:49:38Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116057 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> == References == cg5q5um1j0a6fdgzj3dlwdflafa8265 116060 116057 2026-11-07T15:53:06Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116060 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == == References == nxapiscgjsm7m5df3w5gdo182hz6zqt 116063 116060 2026-11-07T15:54:08Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116063 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> Demma relocation den expansion == Demma academic den cultural traditions == == References == spu1iums5cticg9h82xtn2ulr5cj922 116065 116063 2026-11-07T15:54:46Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116065 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' == Demma academic den cultural traditions == == References == l2i67rbd6va5mpvtsk2fkniyjusu2u2 116067 116065 2026-11-07T15:56:10Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116067 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more. == Demma academic den cultural traditions == == References == it7wntl8jwjz0d5f1o340ea4dy2yiy7 116069 116067 2026-11-07T15:56:46Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* History */ 116069 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == == References == 4j7i55qffjvdh4j9luq6ybuy7q60o6t 116075 116069 2026-11-07T16:01:06Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Demma academic den cultural traditions */ 116075 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day. This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. == References == ehpzhk97ie2ib4vbvjpewuvcxmn2o1l 116077 116075 2026-11-07T16:01:36Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Demma academic den cultural traditions */ 116077 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. == References == 63og2umouc3omzb75se0i783mnj9ege 116079 116077 2026-11-07T16:02:45Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Demma academic den cultural traditions */ 116079 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for. == References == 0f131ieozsltmc60j1q591nsjf2l3tx 116080 116079 2026-11-07T16:03:10Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Demma academic den cultural traditions */ 116080 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == References == 6ssghpeyxpsuj3n2bzmjy6yb8hul8xn 116081 116080 2026-11-07T16:03:37Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Demma academic den cultural traditions */ 116081 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == References == 7aqtprb8tyrs5yd8demgs4hzfncitbw 116082 116081 2026-11-07T16:04:18Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Demma academic den cultural traditions */ 116082 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025 == References == f2jdbr3l6gnbdvbcmzspz1mf0fzrqzc 116083 116082 2026-11-07T16:05:04Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Demma academic den cultural traditions */ 116083 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' == References == 034q8tuja8ub265tbckp2vvmh95kjja 116087 116083 2026-11-07T16:06:44Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Demma academic den cultural traditions */ 116087 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. == References == j6pxqw6mqvoitv9eb3zwejsib207fgg 116090 116087 2026-11-07T16:07:22Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Demma academic den cultural traditions */ 116090 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: == References == h34y0set3nso03n64lvemngh3zekc5m 116092 116090 2026-11-07T16:08:18Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Demma academic den cultural traditions */ 116092 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points == References == gcpoqsvekcaoj3sv4q9fwjwhyta9iou 116096 116092 2026-11-07T16:09:15Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Demma academic den cultural traditions */ 116096 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana. == References == 76uqcx3n23cdpsi925q9sp0eid70y44 116099 116096 2026-11-07T16:09:48Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Demma academic den cultural traditions */ 116099 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == References == ijc1hn2peunayvyq61u8wdw0qao5bfx 116102 116099 2026-11-07T16:10:27Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 116102 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == == References == olm7jxooo7mkjolsxpi1rkhpxbvgoct 116121 116102 2026-11-07T16:16:26Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116121 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. == References == njhogzo0jdmy7sl5osj3w41ehz0usuu 116124 116121 2026-11-07T16:16:46Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116124 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. == References == g8ym5glwf1awj3y4z76lkk118epizp2 116127 116124 2026-11-07T16:17:06Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116127 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). == References == h1pxy01v714ircpvoowgb1tbf5pk97t 116130 116127 2026-11-07T16:18:04Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116130 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. == References == f7kim7ntfqopxjepzdv1mjac7k6bpch 116131 116130 2026-11-07T16:18:24Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116131 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. == References == 1bhbo5p4dj0htsy9dynnr8krmgx5s54 116134 116131 2026-11-07T16:18:53Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116134 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. == References == psdjn7a9ykc4wr62a1ubbcq9lfhzetl 116136 116134 2026-11-07T16:19:14Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116136 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). == References == di8in8826f1tm4xftdw3n4hj3l8uspa 116137 116136 2026-11-07T16:19:33Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116137 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. == References == fr67tnsmup0ii59pd4rmald660ejmpq 116138 116137 2026-11-07T16:19:57Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116138 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. == References == svrigr81okjp8epnkcs0bhjx5wglwkb 116140 116138 2026-11-07T16:20:14Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116140 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. == References == 1j97awr2zl9q5mrf7964p073a7b1ado 116142 116140 2026-11-07T16:20:31Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116142 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. == References == jeuxrfpfakl85suq2a9jcjtja7vunmj 116146 116142 2026-11-07T16:20:52Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116146 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. == References == 940lexwq3ycch9v6nrcxojbmzju8zvg 116148 116146 2026-11-07T16:21:08Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116148 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. == References == lt5hgeuoa3ta5f2ortlcx9dpyksx32t 116149 116148 2026-11-07T16:21:25Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116149 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. == References == tqt7srbugno01bt43b47z3ochs6o8jv 116150 116149 2026-11-07T16:21:49Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116150 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. == References == kwnmlnoii21zvz7ms3ih7qy3owuog0g 116152 116150 2026-11-07T16:22:33Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116152 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. == References == 72vnjf73mz9zoly7mqui9lmenucwkum 116154 116152 2026-11-07T16:22:55Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116154 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. == References == 85wmlfkirxbwo6fe17pgmwumsbhy1hg 116156 116154 2026-11-07T16:23:18Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116156 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. == References == ci73qos11fkp3xms8bn91gwyhj7tmpp 116158 116156 2026-11-07T16:23:38Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116158 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of Ghana. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == qy7ozabo9szqgfzhi4uxlllxwyrakyy 116164 116158 2026-11-07T16:25:35Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116164 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == 3j5ppm3ieb4m4sxzi55miarot7ujpq1 116171 116164 2026-11-07T16:27:23Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116171 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana. Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == o9p1ucof21odo91d7t6nxlx34gmv14k 116178 116171 2026-11-07T16:28:32Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116178 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer. Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == dh0hg1itijsy9o2uqhturd9xh97po6u 116182 116178 2026-11-07T16:28:55Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116182 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician. Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == sdgpphpvdlhk2nxff90vu29dp08aq6y 116186 116182 2026-11-07T16:29:34Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116186 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972). Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == 65kl1lmoj0khcyw2wtb9brsdslsche5 116189 116186 2026-11-07T16:30:01Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116189 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == 1h36p13dgv9xuxbfqlcmmpg9ckb6b7w 116195 116189 2026-11-07T16:30:49Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116195 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana. Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == 6txxvbevhg8wf9vxgssg1zeyaj5yyu9 116196 116195 2026-11-07T16:31:34Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116196 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician. Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == a2holgg2bzof2e4wnackbhithirjbu1 116199 116196 2026-11-07T16:32:10Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116199 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana. John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == aw6hw0xo2p3ivte4bw1huqdobsbv416 116201 116199 2026-11-07T16:32:40Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116201 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast. Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == izg6h7qni5kizxfedrmt06bpzx9ye5j 116202 116201 2026-11-07T16:33:14Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116202 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area. Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == dz7f7sfbmhnyqxm70wqv4w47m8lyokg 116205 116202 2026-11-07T16:33:54Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116205 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist. Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == 2c71j03qej7tycunsxwzmxb2u52ad30 116207 116205 2026-11-07T16:34:29Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116207 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer. Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == 5qh1mlkuepuno1lyqfjwwfwft1ibbkp 116209 116207 2026-11-07T16:34:59Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116209 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England. Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == m6hb6k1tcnb0u6h3nnjobl2e0t3ywhi 116212 116209 2026-11-07T16:35:33Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116212 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> Tsatsu Tsikata - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == fv24plr13rjoxo7t5yqyd90xrm9iesw 116216 116212 2026-11-07T16:36:24Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116216 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> Alex Quaison-Sackey - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == l97kgksp5ei15rdgfh7mj6ut32mm5bs 116220 116216 2026-11-07T16:37:08Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116220 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. J. E. Casely Hayford - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == 81dpm283l7o2jx55f4026gzinfll811 116222 116220 2026-11-07T16:38:35Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116222 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Kofi Abrefa Busia - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == 4gdt6suk5k1iit78j4v28ffizsq3a7g 116228 116222 2026-11-07T16:39:20Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116228 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == 4j65173na2xwiyy893077bu03u7okjg 116231 116228 2026-11-07T16:39:54Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116231 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == References == pugud3vi7vvpi6x714x6uhrethsh5a9 116234 116231 2026-11-07T16:40:25Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Notable alumni */ 116234 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == == References == bw17jsvgihuj0ifm4fuorb1n6txnmvu 116244 116234 2026-11-07T16:41:56Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Awards */ 116244 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == Dem win the National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) for 1999, 2014, 2024, and 2025. Dem also become champions for the 2024 NSMQ, showing their strong performance for science and mathematics. For 2021, Mfantsipim win the National Public Speaking Competition, proving say their students no dey shine only for academics but also for communication and public speaking. The school be six-time Sprite Basketball Champions, making them one of the most successful basketball schools for Ghana. == References == nx88h1bwzca19gt5my5tlb3r7rxmgul 116249 116244 2026-11-07T16:43:08Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Awards */ 116249 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == Dem win the National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) for 1999, 2014, 2024, and 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> Dem also become champions for the 2024 NSMQ, showing their strong performance for science and mathematics. For 2021, Mfantsipim win the National Public Speaking Competition, proving say their students no dey shine only for academics but also for communication and public speaking. The school be six-time Sprite Basketball Champions, making them one of the most successful basketball schools for Ghana. == References == qvzyi28xaie2il19nj2uduvrg2vwmtq 116253 116249 2026-11-07T16:43:39Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Awards */ 116253 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == Dem win the National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) for 1999, 2014, 2024, and 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> Dem also become champions for the 2024 NSMQ, showing their strong performance for science and mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=NSMQ playback: Mfantsipim beats Augusco, Keta SHTS to win contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq-playback-mfantsipim-beats-augusco-keta-shts-to-win-contest/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2021, Mfantsipim win the National Public Speaking Competition, proving say their students no dey shine only for academics but also for communication and public speaking. The school be six-time Sprite Basketball Champions, making them one of the most successful basketball schools for Ghana. == References == jtfdp1nyssdcwr1jcb1aem2a0f0y9ox 116255 116253 2026-11-07T16:44:04Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Awards */ 116255 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == Dem win the National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) for 1999, 2014, 2024, and 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> Dem also become champions for the 2024 NSMQ, showing their strong performance for science and mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=NSMQ playback: Mfantsipim beats Augusco, Keta SHTS to win contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq-playback-mfantsipim-beats-augusco-keta-shts-to-win-contest/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim School comes from behind to win third NSMQ trophy, thrashing AUGUSCO, KETASCO {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/mfantsipim-school-comes-from-behind-to-win-third-nsmq-trophy-thrashing-augusco-ketasco/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2021, Mfantsipim win the National Public Speaking Competition, proving say their students no dey shine only for academics but also for communication and public speaking. The school be six-time Sprite Basketball Champions, making them one of the most successful basketball schools for Ghana. == References == ha1h6ouffg6xajsnv3ucvyw1ie5i331 116259 116255 2026-11-07T16:44:28Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Awards */ 116259 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == Dem win the National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) for 1999, 2014, 2024, and 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> Dem also become champions for the 2024 NSMQ, showing their strong performance for science and mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=NSMQ playback: Mfantsipim beats Augusco, Keta SHTS to win contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq-playback-mfantsipim-beats-augusco-keta-shts-to-win-contest/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim School comes from behind to win third NSMQ trophy, thrashing AUGUSCO, KETASCO {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/mfantsipim-school-comes-from-behind-to-win-third-nsmq-trophy-thrashing-augusco-ketasco/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School beats Augusco with one point to win 2024 NSMQ |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/316936/Mfantsipim-School-beats-Augusco-with-one-point-to-win-2024-NSMQ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> For 2021, Mfantsipim win the National Public Speaking Competition, proving say their students no dey shine only for academics but also for communication and public speaking. The school be six-time Sprite Basketball Champions, making them one of the most successful basketball schools for Ghana. == References == 364ql0eof3l9ugzbr0ybmpk7paiv501 116260 116259 2026-11-07T16:44:51Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Awards */ 116260 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == Dem win the National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) for 1999, 2014, 2024, and 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> Dem also become champions for the 2024 NSMQ, showing their strong performance for science and mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=NSMQ playback: Mfantsipim beats Augusco, Keta SHTS to win contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq-playback-mfantsipim-beats-augusco-keta-shts-to-win-contest/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim School comes from behind to win third NSMQ trophy, thrashing AUGUSCO, KETASCO {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/mfantsipim-school-comes-from-behind-to-win-third-nsmq-trophy-thrashing-augusco-ketasco/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School beats Augusco with one point to win 2024 NSMQ |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/316936/Mfantsipim-School-beats-Augusco-with-one-point-to-win-2024-NSMQ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HAMMOND |first=WISDOM K. E. |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim wins 2024 NSMQ Finals by just 1 point difference |url=https://educationnewsconsult.com/blog/mfantsipim-wins-2024-nsmq-finals-by-just-1-point-difference/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Education-News Consult |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2021, Mfantsipim win the National Public Speaking Competition, proving say their students no dey shine only for academics but also for communication and public speaking. The school be six-time Sprite Basketball Champions, making them one of the most successful basketball schools for Ghana. == References == j62c380sd88u9e5tziat720osng66ht 116261 116260 2026-11-07T16:45:25Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Awards */ 116261 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == Dem win the National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) for 1999, 2014, 2024, and 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> Dem also become champions for the 2024 NSMQ, showing their strong performance for science and mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=NSMQ playback: Mfantsipim beats Augusco, Keta SHTS to win contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq-playback-mfantsipim-beats-augusco-keta-shts-to-win-contest/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim School comes from behind to win third NSMQ trophy, thrashing AUGUSCO, KETASCO {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/mfantsipim-school-comes-from-behind-to-win-third-nsmq-trophy-thrashing-augusco-ketasco/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School beats Augusco with one point to win 2024 NSMQ |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/316936/Mfantsipim-School-beats-Augusco-with-one-point-to-win-2024-NSMQ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HAMMOND |first=WISDOM K. E. |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim wins 2024 NSMQ Finals by just 1 point difference |url=https://educationnewsconsult.com/blog/mfantsipim-wins-2024-nsmq-finals-by-just-1-point-difference/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Education-News Consult |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2021, Mfantsipim win the National Public Speaking Competition,<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Public Speaking Competition (2026) |url=https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/GH/Unknown/491505027529054/National-Public-Speaking-Competition |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=www.schoolandcollegelistings.com}}</ref> proving say their students no dey shine only for academics but also for communication and public speaking. The school be six-time Sprite Basketball Champions, making them one of the most successful basketball schools for Ghana. == References == b6wpte1325bf54ywyu7mykw6qyve2ix 116263 116261 2026-11-07T16:45:57Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Awards */ 116263 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == Dem win the National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) for 1999, 2014, 2024, and 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> Dem also become champions for the 2024 NSMQ, showing their strong performance for science and mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=NSMQ playback: Mfantsipim beats Augusco, Keta SHTS to win contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq-playback-mfantsipim-beats-augusco-keta-shts-to-win-contest/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim School comes from behind to win third NSMQ trophy, thrashing AUGUSCO, KETASCO {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/mfantsipim-school-comes-from-behind-to-win-third-nsmq-trophy-thrashing-augusco-ketasco/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School beats Augusco with one point to win 2024 NSMQ |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/316936/Mfantsipim-School-beats-Augusco-with-one-point-to-win-2024-NSMQ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HAMMOND |first=WISDOM K. E. |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim wins 2024 NSMQ Finals by just 1 point difference |url=https://educationnewsconsult.com/blog/mfantsipim-wins-2024-nsmq-finals-by-just-1-point-difference/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Education-News Consult |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2021, Mfantsipim win the National Public Speaking Competition,<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Public Speaking Competition (2026) |url=https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/GH/Unknown/491505027529054/National-Public-Speaking-Competition |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=www.schoolandcollegelistings.com}}</ref> proving say their students no dey shine only for academics but also for communication and public speaking. The school be six-time Sprite Basketball Champions, making them one of the most successful basketball schools for Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/awards |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == References == 668ok6cf2t3h7le9qeij5mrzmhv0gln 116264 116263 2026-11-07T16:46:19Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Awards */ 116264 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == * Dem win the National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) for 1999, 2014, 2024, and 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> * Dem also become champions for the 2024 NSMQ, showing their strong performance for science and mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=NSMQ playback: Mfantsipim beats Augusco, Keta SHTS to win contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq-playback-mfantsipim-beats-augusco-keta-shts-to-win-contest/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim School comes from behind to win third NSMQ trophy, thrashing AUGUSCO, KETASCO {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/mfantsipim-school-comes-from-behind-to-win-third-nsmq-trophy-thrashing-augusco-ketasco/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School beats Augusco with one point to win 2024 NSMQ |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/316936/Mfantsipim-School-beats-Augusco-with-one-point-to-win-2024-NSMQ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HAMMOND |first=WISDOM K. E. |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim wins 2024 NSMQ Finals by just 1 point difference |url=https://educationnewsconsult.com/blog/mfantsipim-wins-2024-nsmq-finals-by-just-1-point-difference/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Education-News Consult |language=en-US}}</ref> * For 2021, Mfantsipim win the National Public Speaking Competition,<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Public Speaking Competition (2026) |url=https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/GH/Unknown/491505027529054/National-Public-Speaking-Competition |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=www.schoolandcollegelistings.com}}</ref> proving say their students no dey shine only for academics but also for communication and public speaking. * The school be six-time Sprite Basketball Champions, making them one of the most successful basketball schools for Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/awards |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == References == 13926ni1bbbakxgy7setmdu9etr9ztu 116265 116264 2026-11-07T16:47:00Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 116265 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == * Dem win the National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) for 1999, 2014, 2024, and 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> * Dem also become champions for the 2024 NSMQ, showing their strong performance for science and mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=NSMQ playback: Mfantsipim beats Augusco, Keta SHTS to win contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq-playback-mfantsipim-beats-augusco-keta-shts-to-win-contest/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim School comes from behind to win third NSMQ trophy, thrashing AUGUSCO, KETASCO {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/mfantsipim-school-comes-from-behind-to-win-third-nsmq-trophy-thrashing-augusco-ketasco/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School beats Augusco with one point to win 2024 NSMQ |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/316936/Mfantsipim-School-beats-Augusco-with-one-point-to-win-2024-NSMQ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HAMMOND |first=WISDOM K. E. |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim wins 2024 NSMQ Finals by just 1 point difference |url=https://educationnewsconsult.com/blog/mfantsipim-wins-2024-nsmq-finals-by-just-1-point-difference/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Education-News Consult |language=en-US}}</ref> * For 2021, Mfantsipim win the National Public Speaking Competition,<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Public Speaking Competition (2026) |url=https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/GH/Unknown/491505027529054/National-Public-Speaking-Competition |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=www.schoolandcollegelistings.com}}</ref> proving say their students no dey shine only for academics but also for communication and public speaking. * The school be six-time Sprite Basketball Champions, making them one of the most successful basketball schools for Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/awards |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] nsthsdth3rfwqn4ggfs04lm2onv2143 116269 116265 2026-11-07T16:47:23Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 116269 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == * Dem win the National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) for 1999, 2014, 2024, and 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> * Dem also become champions for the 2024 NSMQ, showing their strong performance for science and mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=NSMQ playback: Mfantsipim beats Augusco, Keta SHTS to win contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq-playback-mfantsipim-beats-augusco-keta-shts-to-win-contest/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim School comes from behind to win third NSMQ trophy, thrashing AUGUSCO, KETASCO {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/mfantsipim-school-comes-from-behind-to-win-third-nsmq-trophy-thrashing-augusco-ketasco/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School beats Augusco with one point to win 2024 NSMQ |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/316936/Mfantsipim-School-beats-Augusco-with-one-point-to-win-2024-NSMQ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HAMMOND |first=WISDOM K. E. |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim wins 2024 NSMQ Finals by just 1 point difference |url=https://educationnewsconsult.com/blog/mfantsipim-wins-2024-nsmq-finals-by-just-1-point-difference/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Education-News Consult |language=en-US}}</ref> * For 2021, Mfantsipim win the National Public Speaking Competition,<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Public Speaking Competition (2026) |url=https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/GH/Unknown/491505027529054/National-Public-Speaking-Competition |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=www.schoolandcollegelistings.com}}</ref> proving say their students no dey shine only for academics but also for communication and public speaking. * The school be six-time Sprite Basketball Champions, making them one of the most successful basketball schools for Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/awards |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Boys' schools insyd Ghana]] ru0o6k3cbwrod0bm7rp6oufsgwkwmr6 116273 116269 2026-11-07T16:49:13Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 116273 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == * Dem win the National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) for 1999, 2014, 2024, and 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> * Dem also become champions for the 2024 NSMQ, showing their strong performance for science and mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=NSMQ playback: Mfantsipim beats Augusco, Keta SHTS to win contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq-playback-mfantsipim-beats-augusco-keta-shts-to-win-contest/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim School comes from behind to win third NSMQ trophy, thrashing AUGUSCO, KETASCO {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/mfantsipim-school-comes-from-behind-to-win-third-nsmq-trophy-thrashing-augusco-ketasco/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School beats Augusco with one point to win 2024 NSMQ |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/316936/Mfantsipim-School-beats-Augusco-with-one-point-to-win-2024-NSMQ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HAMMOND |first=WISDOM K. E. |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim wins 2024 NSMQ Finals by just 1 point difference |url=https://educationnewsconsult.com/blog/mfantsipim-wins-2024-nsmq-finals-by-just-1-point-difference/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Education-News Consult |language=en-US}}</ref> * For 2021, Mfantsipim win the National Public Speaking Competition,<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Public Speaking Competition (2026) |url=https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/GH/Unknown/491505027529054/National-Public-Speaking-Competition |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=www.schoolandcollegelistings.com}}</ref> proving say their students no dey shine only for academics but also for communication and public speaking. * The school be six-time Sprite Basketball Champions, making them one of the most successful basketball schools for Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/awards |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Boys' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Education for Ghana insyd]] tu7w4qc0ghis4svc4a4px18mlzuqjqr 116275 116273 2026-11-07T16:50:08Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 116275 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == * Dem win the National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) for 1999, 2014, 2024, and 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> * Dem also become champions for the 2024 NSMQ, showing their strong performance for science and mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=NSMQ playback: Mfantsipim beats Augusco, Keta SHTS to win contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq-playback-mfantsipim-beats-augusco-keta-shts-to-win-contest/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim School comes from behind to win third NSMQ trophy, thrashing AUGUSCO, KETASCO {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/mfantsipim-school-comes-from-behind-to-win-third-nsmq-trophy-thrashing-augusco-ketasco/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School beats Augusco with one point to win 2024 NSMQ |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/316936/Mfantsipim-School-beats-Augusco-with-one-point-to-win-2024-NSMQ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HAMMOND |first=WISDOM K. E. |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim wins 2024 NSMQ Finals by just 1 point difference |url=https://educationnewsconsult.com/blog/mfantsipim-wins-2024-nsmq-finals-by-just-1-point-difference/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Education-News Consult |language=en-US}}</ref> * For 2021, Mfantsipim win the National Public Speaking Competition,<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Public Speaking Competition (2026) |url=https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/GH/Unknown/491505027529054/National-Public-Speaking-Competition |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=www.schoolandcollegelistings.com}}</ref> proving say their students no dey shine only for academics but also for communication and public speaking. * The school be six-time Sprite Basketball Champions, making them one of the most successful basketball schools for Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/awards |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Boys' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Education for Ghana insyd]] [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] t1rk5u267k1lp6n8nwnosgmokbxlh9m 116276 116275 2026-11-07T16:50:40Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 116276 wikitext text/x-wiki Mfantsipim School na boys-only day and boarding secondary school wey dey Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by the Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, and spiritual growth for the then Gold Coast. The school first name be Wesleyan High School, and the first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years when dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" because plenty people know am as the first and oldest senior high school for the old Gold Coast (now Ghana). The school don help produce and inspire other big schools like Prempeh College.<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == The idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, but dem no fit establish am until 1876. For that year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast through support from local businessmen den the Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make the school dey Accra because the British government wan move the Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. But because Cape Coast people push hard for the project and dem need start the school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, that one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish the school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. The main reason wey dem establish the school be make dem train teachers, and dem start with only 17 students. The idea to establish one big secondary school for the Gold Coast start way back for 1865, but e take 11 years before dem finally fit make the dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make the school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support the idea and dem need start the school quick-quick. Because of that, dem finally establish the school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> The first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. E be only 17 years old when dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though e be young and no get plenty experience that time, Picot play very important role for the early development and growth of the school. E help lay the strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim become one of the most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student called John Mensah Sarbah establish another school wey dem call Mfantsipim. The name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," but e also carry the idea of gathering plenty scholars together for positive change.Later that same year, the two schools merge under the supervision of the Methodist Church, and dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, the school dey operate inside the premises of Cape Coast Castle. But for 1930, dem move am go the current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. This move help the school expand and develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == The school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> This program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. The school anthem, Botae Pa, too dey sung for different school programs and occasions. The song dey talk about the school's history, values, achievements, and the goals wey the school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School for Cape Coast, wey people dey call Kwabotwe or simply Botwe, show great performance as dem successfully defend their championship title. For the grand finale wey happen for Cape Coast, Mfantsipim beat St. Augustine's College and Opoku Ware School after one tough and exciting competition. At the end of the contest: * Mfantsipim School score 56 points and carry the trophy * St. Augustine's College come second with 42 points * Opoku Ware School come third with 29 points This victory make Mfantsipim win the NSMQ trophy for two years back-to-back, proving once again why plenty people regard am as one of the top schools for Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == * Dem win the National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) for 1999, 2014, 2024, and 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> * Dem also become champions for the 2024 NSMQ, showing their strong performance for science and mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=NSMQ playback: Mfantsipim beats Augusco, Keta SHTS to win contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq-playback-mfantsipim-beats-augusco-keta-shts-to-win-contest/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim School comes from behind to win third NSMQ trophy, thrashing AUGUSCO, KETASCO {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/mfantsipim-school-comes-from-behind-to-win-third-nsmq-trophy-thrashing-augusco-ketasco/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School beats Augusco with one point to win 2024 NSMQ |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/316936/Mfantsipim-School-beats-Augusco-with-one-point-to-win-2024-NSMQ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HAMMOND |first=WISDOM K. E. |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim wins 2024 NSMQ Finals by just 1 point difference |url=https://educationnewsconsult.com/blog/mfantsipim-wins-2024-nsmq-finals-by-just-1-point-difference/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Education-News Consult |language=en-US}}</ref> * For 2021, Mfantsipim win the National Public Speaking Competition,<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Public Speaking Competition (2026) |url=https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/GH/Unknown/491505027529054/National-Public-Speaking-Competition |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=www.schoolandcollegelistings.com}}</ref> proving say their students no dey shine only for academics but also for communication and public speaking. * The school be six-time Sprite Basketball Champions, making them one of the most successful basketball schools for Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/awards |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Boys' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Education for Ghana insyd]] [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Mfantsipim School alumni]] clopeb22ouhnei60q8kotowiwg9a9fb 116282 116276 2026-11-07T16:55:15Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 116282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mfantsipim School''' be boys-only day den boarding secondary school wey dey [[Cape Coast]], Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by de Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, den spiritual growth for de then [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]]. De school first name be Wesleyan High School, den de first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years wen dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" secof plenty people know am as de first den oldest senior high school for de old Gold Coast (now Ghana). De school help produce den inspire oda big schools like [[Prempeh College]].<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == De idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, buh dem no fit establish am until 1876. For dat year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast thru support from local businessmen den de Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make de school dey [[Accra]] secof de British government wan move de Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. Buh secof Cape Coast people push hard for de project wey dem need start de school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, dat one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish de school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. De main reason wey dem establish de school be make dem train teachers, wey dem start plus only 17 students. De idea to establish one big secondary school for de Gold Coast start way back for 1865, buh e take 11 years before dem finally fit make de dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make de school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support de idea wey dem need start de school quick-quick. Secof that, dem finally establish de school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> De first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. He be only 17 years old wen dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though he be young wey no get plenty experience dat time, Picot play very important role for de early development den growth of de school. He help lay de strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim cam be one of de most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student dem call John Mensah Sarbah establish anoda school wey dem call Mfantsipim. De name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," buh he sanso carry de idea of gathering plenty scholars togeda for positive change. Later dat same year, de two schools merge under de supervision of de Methodist Church, wey dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, de school dey operate insyd de premises of [[Cape Coast Castle]]. But for 1930, dem move am go de current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. Dis move help de school expand den develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == De school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> Dis program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. De school anthem, Botae Pa, too dem sing for different school programs den occasions. De song dey talk about de school ein history, values, achievements, den de goals wey de school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School insyd Cape Coast, dem popularly know as Kwabotwe anaa simply Botwe, gallantly defend ein title wen e beat St. Augustine's College, Cape Coast, den [[Opoku Ware School]], [[Kumasi]], at de grand finale of National Science and Mathematics Quiz (NSMQ) 2025 dem hold insyd Cape Coast. At de end of de fiercely contested final, Mfantsipim School lift de trophy for de second consecutive time plus 56 points, while St. Augustine's College follow insyd second place plus 42 points wey Opoku Ware School get 29 points to place third.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice President of [[Ghana]]. Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner and former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, and writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, and former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former President of the ECOWAS Commission. [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, and first director of the Ghana Drama Studio. [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist and politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, and political leader for the Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat and the first Black President of the UN General Assembly. Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, and nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic and lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> Arthur Wharton - the first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of KNUST. == Awards == * Dem win the National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) for 1999, 2014, 2024, and 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> * Dem also become champions for the 2024 NSMQ, showing their strong performance for science and mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=NSMQ playback: Mfantsipim beats Augusco, Keta SHTS to win contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq-playback-mfantsipim-beats-augusco-keta-shts-to-win-contest/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim School comes from behind to win third NSMQ trophy, thrashing AUGUSCO, KETASCO {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/mfantsipim-school-comes-from-behind-to-win-third-nsmq-trophy-thrashing-augusco-ketasco/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School beats Augusco with one point to win 2024 NSMQ |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/316936/Mfantsipim-School-beats-Augusco-with-one-point-to-win-2024-NSMQ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HAMMOND |first=WISDOM K. E. |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim wins 2024 NSMQ Finals by just 1 point difference |url=https://educationnewsconsult.com/blog/mfantsipim-wins-2024-nsmq-finals-by-just-1-point-difference/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Education-News Consult |language=en-US}}</ref> * For 2021, Mfantsipim win the National Public Speaking Competition,<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Public Speaking Competition (2026) |url=https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/GH/Unknown/491505027529054/National-Public-Speaking-Competition |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=www.schoolandcollegelistings.com}}</ref> proving say their students no dey shine only for academics but also for communication and public speaking. * The school be six-time Sprite Basketball Champions, making them one of the most successful basketball schools for Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/awards |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Boys' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Education for Ghana insyd]] [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Mfantsipim School alumni]] 4i64lsn50gyikajp1cm0zonblh0fgms 116302 116282 2026-11-07T17:06:39Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mfantsipim School''' be boys-only day den boarding secondary school wey dey [[Cape Coast]], Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by de Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, den spiritual growth for de then [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]]. De school first name be Wesleyan High School, den de first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years wen dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" secof plenty people know am as de first den oldest senior high school for de old Gold Coast (now Ghana). De school help produce den inspire oda big schools like [[Prempeh College]].<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == De idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, buh dem no fit establish am until 1876. For dat year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast thru support from local businessmen den de Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make de school dey [[Accra]] secof de British government wan move de Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. Buh secof Cape Coast people push hard for de project wey dem need start de school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, dat one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish de school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. De main reason wey dem establish de school be make dem train teachers, wey dem start plus only 17 students. De idea to establish one big secondary school for de Gold Coast start way back for 1865, buh e take 11 years before dem finally fit make de dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make de school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support de idea wey dem need start de school quick-quick. Secof that, dem finally establish de school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> De first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. He be only 17 years old wen dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though he be young wey no get plenty experience dat time, Picot play very important role for de early development den growth of de school. He help lay de strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim cam be one of de most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student dem call John Mensah Sarbah establish anoda school wey dem call Mfantsipim. De name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," buh he sanso carry de idea of gathering plenty scholars togeda for positive change. Later dat same year, de two schools merge under de supervision of de Methodist Church, wey dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, de school dey operate insyd de premises of [[Cape Coast Castle]]. But for 1930, dem move am go de current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. Dis move help de school expand den develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == De school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> Dis program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. De school anthem, Botae Pa, too dem sing for different school programs den occasions. De song dey talk about de school ein history, values, achievements, den de goals wey de school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School insyd Cape Coast, dem popularly know as Kwabotwe anaa simply Botwe, gallantly defend ein title wen e beat St. Augustine's College, Cape Coast, den [[Opoku Ware School]], [[Kumasi]], at de grand finale of National Science and Mathematics Quiz (NSMQ) 2025 dem hold insyd Cape Coast. At de end of de fiercely contested final, Mfantsipim School lift de trophy for de second consecutive time plus 56 points, while St. Augustine's College follow insyd second place plus 42 points wey Opoku Ware School get 29 points to place third.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == * Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. * Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice Pee of [[Ghana]]. * Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner den former Secretary-General of de [[United Nations]] (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> * Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice Pee of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/}}</ref> * Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, den writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> * Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, den politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> * [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, den former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> * Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former Presido of de [[ECOWAS]] Commission. * [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> * Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, den first director of de Ghana Drama Studio. * [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist den politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> * Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> * John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, den political leader for de Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> * Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> * [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat den de first Black Presido of de UN General Assembly. * Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, den nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> * [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic den lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> * Arthur Wharton - de first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> * Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|KNUST]]. == Awards == * Winners of de 1999, 2014, 2024 den 2025 editions of de [[Ghana National Science and Maths Quiz|National Science and Maths Quiz]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> * Winners of de 2024 edition of de National Science and Maths Quiz<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=NSMQ playback: Mfantsipim beats Augusco, Keta SHTS to win contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq-playback-mfantsipim-beats-augusco-keta-shts-to-win-contest/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim School comes from behind to win third NSMQ trophy, thrashing AUGUSCO, KETASCO {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/mfantsipim-school-comes-from-behind-to-win-third-nsmq-trophy-thrashing-augusco-ketasco/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School beats Augusco with one point to win 2024 NSMQ |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/316936/Mfantsipim-School-beats-Augusco-with-one-point-to-win-2024-NSMQ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HAMMOND |first=WISDOM K. E. |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim wins 2024 NSMQ Finals by just 1 point difference |url=https://educationnewsconsult.com/blog/mfantsipim-wins-2024-nsmq-finals-by-just-1-point-difference/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Education-News Consult |language=en-US}}</ref> * Winner of de 2021 of National Public Speaking competitions<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Public Speaking Competition (2026) |url=https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/GH/Unknown/491505027529054/National-Public-Speaking-Competition |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=www.schoolandcollegelistings.com}}</ref> * Six-time Sprite basketball champions<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/awards |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Boys' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Education for Ghana insyd]] [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Mfantsipim School alumni]] [[Category:1876 establishments insyd de Gold Coast (British colony)]] [[Category:Methodist schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Education insyd de Central Region (Ghana)]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1876]] 4n46ta2voq6fxdxxdbr2g2pjwrdbynd 116365 116302 2026-11-07T21:22:08Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mfantsipim School''' be boys-only day den boarding secondary school wey dey [[Cape Coast]], Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2019|title=Tears at Mfantsipim school amidst tight security|url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Tears-at-Mfantsipim-school-amidst-tight-security-781570|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> Dem establish am for 1876 by de Methodist Church make e help build students for book knowledge, good character, den spiritual growth for de then [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]]. De school first name be Wesleyan High School, den de first headmaster be James Picot, one French scholar. E get only 17 years wen dem appoint am as headmaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=No-Body |first=Mr |date=2023-11-15 |title=James Piccot, the first Headmaster of Mfantsipim SHS |url=https://ghanaeducation.org/james-piccot-the-first-headmaster-of-mfantsipim-shs/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Ghana Education News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mfantsipim School get nickname "The School" secof plenty people know am as de first den oldest senior high school for de old Gold Coast (now Ghana). De school help produce den inspire oda big schools like [[Prempeh College]].<ref>"Mfantsipim School" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132522/https://content.ghanagrio.com/article/378-mfantsipim-school.html|date=28 January 2018}}, ''Ghana Nation'', 13 March 2017.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coverghana.com.gh |date=2023-03-20 |title=List of Oldest Senior High Schools in Ghana: Senior High Schools before Independence |url=https://coverghana.com.gh/list-of-oldest-senior-high-schools-in-ghana-senior-high-schools-before-independence/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=CoverGhana |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == De idea to start one big secondary school for Gold Coast come up for 1865, buh dem no fit establish am until 1876. For dat year, dem establish Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast thru support from local businessmen den de Methodist Missionary Society for London. At first, dem plan say make de school dey [[Accra]] secof de British government wan move de Gold Coast capital from Cape Coast go Accra for 1870 insyd. Buh secof Cape Coast people push hard for de project wey dem need start de school quick, dem finally establish am for Cape Coast. Even though dem think say later dem go move am go Accra, dat one never happen. On 3rd April 1876, dem officially establish de school as Wesleyan High School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mfantsipim School |url=https://infoguideghana.com/history-of-mfantsipim-senior-high-school/#google_vignette |website=infoguideghana.com}}</ref> '''<big>Foundation den Early Growth</big>''' Mfantsipim School start for 1876 as Wesleyan High School for Cape Coast. De main reason wey dem establish de school be make dem train teachers, wey dem start plus only 17 students. De idea to establish one big secondary school for de Gold Coast start way back for 1865, buh e take 11 years before dem finally fit make de dream come true. Even though dem first plan say make de school dey Accra, local people for Cape Coast strongly support de idea wey dem need start de school quick-quick. Secof that, dem finally establish de school for Cape Coast instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School History {{!}} Schools in Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/history |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-05 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Best Online Portal |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204121412/https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |archive-date=2024-12-04}}</ref> De first headmaster be James Picot, one young French scholar. He be only 17 years old wen dem appoint am as headmaster. Even though he be young wey no get plenty experience dat time, Picot play very important role for de early development den growth of de school. He help lay de strong foundation wey make Mfantsipim cam be one of de most respected schools for Ghana today.<ref>{{cite web |title=The School – MOBA |url=https://mfantsipim.com/school/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030419100004/http://www.mfantsipim.com/school/ |archive-date=2003-04-19}}</ref> '''<big>Name change den ein development</big>''' For 1905, one old student dem call John Mensah Sarbah establish anoda school wey dem call Mfantsipim. De name come from "Mfantsefo-apem,"<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2017 |title=Meaning of 'Mfantsipim' |url=http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/http://africaschoolsonline.com/user/mfantsiedu-gh/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=14 June 2018 |website=AfricaSchoolsOnline |df=dmy-all}}</ref> wey literally mean "thousands of Fantes," buh he sanso carry de idea of gathering plenty scholars togeda for positive change. Later dat same year, de two schools merge under de supervision of de Methodist Church, wey dem keep the name Mfantsipim.<ref>Richard Bagudu (2007). ''Judging Annan''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|9781425960933}}, pp.&#x20;22–23.</ref> '''<big>Demma relocation den expansion</big>''' At first, de school dey operate insyd de premises of [[Cape Coast Castle]]. But for 1930, dem move am go de current location for Kwabotwe Hill for northern Cape Coast. Dis move help de school expand den develop more.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=17 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204121412/https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |archive-date=4 December 2024}}</ref> == Demma academic den cultural traditions == De school dey celebrate important events every year, like Speech and Prize Giving Day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola-Morris |first=Jessie |date=2024-11-14 |title=Mfantsipim Head Boy Delivers Heartwarming Speech, Mesmerises Ghanaians With His Impecabble Swedish – YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/271169-mfantsipim-headboy-delivers-heartwarming-speech-mesmerises-ghanaians-impecabble-swedish/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> Dis program start long time ago for 1908 by Rev. W. T. Balmer. De school anthem, Botae Pa, too dem sing for different school programs den occasions. De song dey talk about de school ein history, values, achievements, den de goals wey de school dey strive for.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Mfantsipim School: History, Academic Excellence, and Admission Process |url=https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |access-date=17 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204121412/https://ghanadmission.com/mfantsipim-school/ |archive-date=4 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gyasi |first=Kwame |date=2016 |title=Mfantsipim – 140 Years Of Senior Secondary Education In Ghana (1) |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/738842/mfantsipim-140-years-of-senior-secondary-educati.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> '''<big>National Science and Maths Quiz (NSMQ) 2025</big>''' Mfantsipim School insyd Cape Coast, dem popularly know as Kwabotwe anaa simply Botwe, gallantly defend ein title wen e beat St. Augustine's College, Cape Coast, den [[Opoku Ware School]], [[Kumasi]], at de grand finale of National Science and Mathematics Quiz (NSMQ) 2025 dem hold insyd Cape Coast. At de end of de fiercely contested final, Mfantsipim School lift de trophy for de second consecutive time plus 56 points, while St. Augustine's College follow insyd second place plus 42 points wey Opoku Ware School get 29 points to place third.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfantsipim@nsmq2025 |url=https://www.nsmq.com.gh/post/nsmq-2025-mfantsipim-school-makes-history-with-back-to-back-victory-in-fierce-all-boys-derby |website=National Science and Math Quiz}}</ref> == Notable alumni == * Ernest Addison - former Governor of Bank of Ghana. * Paa Kwesi Amissah-Arthur - former Vice Pee of [[Ghana]]. * Kofi Annan - Nobel Peace Prize winner den former Secretary-General of de [[United Nations]] (UN).<ref>Appiah, Edwin, [https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/August-10th/kofi-annan-led-demo-over-food-at-mfantsipim.php "Kofi Annan led 'demo' over food at Mfantsipim"], ''Joy Online'', 10 August 2017.</ref> * Kow Nkensen Arkaah - former Vice Pee of Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Remembering the Late Kow Nkensen Arkaah |url=https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/ |access-date=17 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204121525/https://african-research.com/research/political-history/remembering-the-late-kow-nkensen-arkaah/ |archive-date=4 December 2024}}</ref> * Raphael Armattoe - scientist, nationalist, den writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulster Honours Famous Ghanaian Scientist! |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/422961/ulster-honours-famous-ghanaian-scientist.html}}</ref> * Albert Adu Boahen - historian, academic, den politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Kwadwo Adu Boahen &#124; University of Ghana Alumni Relations Office |url=https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517234032/https://ar.ug.edu.gh/albert-kwadwo-adu-boahen |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> * [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] - academic, political leader, den former Prime Minister of Ghana (1969-1972).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kofi Abrefa Busia |url=https://www.wesleysoxford.org.uk/people/lay-people/kofi-abrefa-busia}}</ref> * Mohamed Ibn Chambas - former Presido of de [[ECOWAS]] Commission. * [[Joseph W.S. de Graft-Johnson|Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson]] - former Vice President of Ghana.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okyere |first1=Letitia Degraft |title=The First Vice president: A Biography of JWS de Graft-Johnson |date=16 February 2024 |publisher=MacSwain |isbn=978-1956776003}}</ref> * Joe de Graft - famous writer, playwright, dramatist, den first director of de Ghana Drama Studio. * [[J. E. Casely Hayford]] - journalist den politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford: "Uncrowned King of West Africa," Father of Ghana's Nationalism, Pan-Africanist and the Founder of the National Congress of British West Africa |url=https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/11/joseph-ephraim-casely-hayford-uncrowned.html}}</ref> * Kobina Arku Korsah - first Chief Justice of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Ghanaians who have been knighted by the British monarchy |url=https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118094313/https://theindependentghana.com/six-ghanaians-who-have-been-knighted-by-the-british-monarchy/ |archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> * John Mensah Sarbah - diplomat, respected lawyer, den political leader for de Gold Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The Life of John Mensah Sarbah" |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207235941/https://www.ug.edu.gh/docs/TheLifeofJohnMensahSarbah.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> * Nana Kobina Nketsia V - Paramount Chief (Omanhen) of Essikado Traditional Area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nana Kobena Nketsia |url=https://werus.org/nana-kobena-nketsia/ |website=werus.org}}</ref> * [[Alex Quaison-Sackey]] - diplomat den de first Black Presido of de UN General Assembly. * Kobina Sekyi - lawyer, writer, den nationalist.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yirenkyi |first=Samuel Manaseh |author2=Ernest Kwasi Amponsah |date=April 2014 |title=Theatre and Social Change: Reasserting Traditional Values Through Theatre: The Role of Kobina Sekyi |url=http://www.ajssal.com/AJSSAL_Vol.%201,%20No.%204,%20April%202014/THEATRE.pdf |journal=American Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Literature |volume=1 |pages=1–8 |access-date=18 May 2024 |number=4}}</ref> * [[Tsatsu Tsikata]] - academic den lawyer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsatsu Tsikata &#124; Who's Who in Ghana |url=https://whoswhoghana.app/legal-practitioners/tsatsu-tsikata/}}</ref> * Arthur Wharton - de first Black professional footballer for England.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Arthur Wharton: the world's first black professional footballer in from Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/575218/arthur-wharton-the-worlds-first-black-professional-footbal.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> * Prof. Kwasi Kwarfo Adarkwa - former Vice-Chancellor of [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|KNUST]]. == Awards == * Winners of de 1999, 2014, 2024 den 2025 editions of de [[Ghana National Science and Maths Quiz|National Science and Maths Quiz]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mfantsipim 2014 National Science & Maths Quiz|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|location=Accra, Ghana|date=9 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003627/http://www.graphic.com.gh/juniors/junior-news/26764-mfantsipim-school-wins-science-maths-quiz.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> * Winners of de 2024 edition of de National Science and Maths Quiz<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=NSMQ playback: Mfantsipim beats Augusco, Keta SHTS to win contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq-playback-mfantsipim-beats-augusco-keta-shts-to-win-contest/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim School comes from behind to win third NSMQ trophy, thrashing AUGUSCO, KETASCO {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/mfantsipim-school-comes-from-behind-to-win-third-nsmq-trophy-thrashing-augusco-ketasco/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School beats Augusco with one point to win 2024 NSMQ |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/316936/Mfantsipim-School-beats-Augusco-with-one-point-to-win-2024-NSMQ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HAMMOND |first=WISDOM K. E. |date=2024-10-30 |title=Mfantsipim wins 2024 NSMQ Finals by just 1 point difference |url=https://educationnewsconsult.com/blog/mfantsipim-wins-2024-nsmq-finals-by-just-1-point-difference/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Education-News Consult |language=en-US}}</ref> * Winner of de 2021 of National Public Speaking competitions<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Public Speaking Competition (2026) |url=https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/GH/Unknown/491505027529054/National-Public-Speaking-Competition |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=www.schoolandcollegelistings.com}}</ref> * Six-time Sprite basketball champions<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mfantsipim School {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/mfantsipim-school/awards |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Boys' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Education for Ghana insyd]] [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Mfantsipim School alumni]] [[Category:1876 establishments insyd de Gold Coast (British colony)]] [[Category:Methodist schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Education insyd de Central Region (Ghana)]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1876]] m2au8t24c7ovdp6hl983aeosrke3d96 0 31384 115983 2026-11-07T15:02:43Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 Created page with "Obuasi Senior High Technical School be government senior high school wey both boys and girls dey attend. Di school dey Obuasi, for Ashanti Region, Ghana. E dey between two towns wey dem dey call Gausu and Koffikrom." 115983 wikitext text/x-wiki Obuasi Senior High Technical School be government senior high school wey both boys and girls dey attend. Di school dey Obuasi, for Ashanti Region, Ghana. E dey between two towns wey dem dey call Gausu and Koffikrom. pt7zugjiww4rjkupikrpnorswductce 115988 115983 2026-11-07T15:07:15Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 115988 wikitext text/x-wiki Obuasi Senior High Technical School be [[:en:Public_school_(government_funded)|public]] [[:en:Co-educational|co-educational]] second-cycle [[:en:High_school|high school]] wey dey [[:en:Obuasi|Obuasi]], for Ashanti Region of Ghana. Di school dey between two towns wey dem dey call Gausu and Koffikrom. pbkhbdblbmnyq0p16w3pe416y51cvao 115989 115988 2026-11-07T15:08:48Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 115989 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Obuasi Senior High Technical School''' be [[:en:Public_school_(government_funded)|public]] [[:en:Co-educational|co-educational]] second-cycle [[:en:High_school|high school]] wey dey [[:en:Obuasi|Obuasi]], for [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana. Di school dey between two towns wey dem dey call Gausu and Koffikrom<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=Obuasi Senior High/Tech - |url=https://www.zaatu.com/listing/obuasi-senior-high-tech/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>. h8u49kxnqyukkqlpzraefh5ryx7d23t 115991 115989 2026-11-07T15:09:07Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 115991 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Obuasi Senior High Technical School''' be [[:en:Public_school_(government_funded)|public]] [[:en:Co-educational|co-educational]] second-cycle [[:en:High_school|high school]] wey dey [[:en:Obuasi|Obuasi]], for [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana. Di school dey between two towns wey dem dey call Gausu and Koffikrom<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=Obuasi Senior High/Tech - |url=https://www.zaatu.com/listing/obuasi-senior-high-tech/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>. == References == k6av90r3t5gza1pt15gjbat0rca9es8 115995 115991 2026-11-07T15:13:42Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 115995 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Obuasi Senior High Technical School''' be [[:en:Public_school_(government_funded)|public]] [[:en:Co-educational|co-educational]] second-cycle [[:en:High_school|high school]] wey dey [[:en:Obuasi|Obuasi]], for [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana. Di school dey between two towns wey dem dey call Gausu and Koffikrom<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=Obuasi Senior High/Tech - |url=https://www.zaatu.com/listing/obuasi-senior-high-tech/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>. Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah establish am for 1965 as Government Secondary Technical School, wey be school for boys only and dey offer only science and technical programmes. Na di first school of ein kind for northern sector of Ghana. For 1990, dem change Obuasi Secondary Technical School make e become school wey both boys and girls dey attend, to help support di “More Girls in Science” campaign wey Ghana government start. == References == disjmwvp4a5diut6fol1y7g5xpy2ckl 116002 115995 2026-11-07T15:16:45Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116002 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Obuasi Senior High Technical School''' be [[:en:Public_school_(government_funded)|public]] [[:en:Co-educational|co-educational]] second-cycle [[:en:High_school|high school]] wey dey [[:en:Obuasi|Obuasi]], for [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana. Di school dey between two towns wey dem dey call Gausu and Koffikrom<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=Obuasi Senior High/Tech - |url=https://www.zaatu.com/listing/obuasi-senior-high-tech/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>. Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah establish am for 1965 as Government Secondary Technical School, wey be school for boys only and dey offer only science and technical programmes. Na di first school of ein kind for northern sector of Ghana. For 1990, dem change Obuasi Secondary Technical School make e become school wey both boys and girls dey attend, to help support di “More Girls in Science” campaign wey Ghana government start. For 2019, di school reach di quarter-finals stage of di National Science and Maths Quiz Competition after dem beat St. Francis Xavier Minor Seminary and Krobo Girls SHS<ref>{{Citation |title=NSMQ 2019 ONE-EIGHTH: KROBO GIRLS' SHS VS OBUASI SHTS VS ST. FRANCIS XAVIER MINOR SEMINARY SHS |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkqNsYlM-iI |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en}}</ref>.Di school come first with 44 points, followed by St. Francis wey get 18 points, and Krobo wey get 16 points. Masters Kojo Daniel Eshun and Lawrence Adjei be di proud contestants wey represent di school dat day. Obuasi Senior High Technical School win di Ashanti Regional Milo Soccer Competition for 2005 and 2015. == References == 002hapwv3x3q61ezre6g2snlv7b8o17 116011 116002 2026-11-07T15:20:53Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116011 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Obuasi Senior High Technical School''' be [[:en:Public_school_(government_funded)|public]] [[:en:Co-educational|co-educational]] second-cycle [[:en:High_school|high school]] wey dey [[:en:Obuasi|Obuasi]], for [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana. Di school dey between two towns wey dem dey call Gausu and Koffikrom<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=Obuasi Senior High/Tech - |url=https://www.zaatu.com/listing/obuasi-senior-high-tech/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>. Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah establish am for 1965 as Government Secondary Technical School, wey be school for boys only and dey offer only science and technical programmes. Na di first school of ein kind for northern sector of Ghana. For 1990, dem change Obuasi Secondary Technical School make e become school wey both boys and girls dey attend, to help support di “More Girls in Science” campaign wey Ghana government start. For 2019, di school reach di quarter-finals stage of di National Science and Maths Quiz Competition after dem beat St. Francis Xavier Minor Seminary and Krobo Girls SHS<ref>{{Citation |title=NSMQ 2019 ONE-EIGHTH: KROBO GIRLS' SHS VS OBUASI SHTS VS ST. FRANCIS XAVIER MINOR SEMINARY SHS |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkqNsYlM-iI |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en}}</ref>.Di school come first with 44 points, followed by St. Francis wey get 18 points, and Krobo wey get 16 points. Masters Kojo Daniel Eshun and Lawrence Adjei be di proud contestants wey represent di school dat day. Obuasi Senior High Technical School win di Ashanti Regional Milo Soccer Competition for 2005 and 2015<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obuasi Senior High Technical School |url=https://searchgh.com/school/obuasi-senior-high-technical-school/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=SearchGH Business Directory |language=en-US}}</ref>. For di Zonal Inter-Colleges Athletics Competition, dem don win several times. Dem claim say students from di school create “a touchless bin” as part of di fight against [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana|COVID-19]]. Again, na di first school wey win di maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge for 2021. == References == fw75gbfhsc1qjngfrsmhvxnqabmgdai 116014 116011 2026-11-07T15:23:42Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116014 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Obuasi Senior High Technical School''' be [[:en:Public_school_(government_funded)|public]] [[:en:Co-educational|co-educational]] second-cycle [[:en:High_school|high school]] wey dey [[:en:Obuasi|Obuasi]], for [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana. Di school dey between two towns wey dem dey call Gausu and Koffikrom<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=Obuasi Senior High/Tech - |url=https://www.zaatu.com/listing/obuasi-senior-high-tech/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>. Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah establish am for 1965 as Government Secondary Technical School, wey be school for boys only and dey offer only science and technical programmes. Na di first school of ein kind for northern sector of Ghana. For 1990, dem change Obuasi Secondary Technical School make e become school wey both boys and girls dey attend, to help support di “More Girls in Science” campaign wey Ghana government start. For 2019, di school reach di quarter-finals stage of di National Science and Maths Quiz Competition after dem beat St. Francis Xavier Minor Seminary and Krobo Girls SHS<ref>{{Citation |title=NSMQ 2019 ONE-EIGHTH: KROBO GIRLS' SHS VS OBUASI SHTS VS ST. FRANCIS XAVIER MINOR SEMINARY SHS |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkqNsYlM-iI |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en}}</ref>.Di school come first with 44 points, followed by St. Francis wey get 18 points, and Krobo wey get 16 points. Masters Kojo Daniel Eshun and Lawrence Adjei be di proud contestants wey represent di school dat day. Obuasi Senior High Technical School win di Ashanti Regional Milo Soccer Competition for 2005 and 2015<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obuasi Senior High Technical School |url=https://searchgh.com/school/obuasi-senior-high-technical-school/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=SearchGH Business Directory |language=en-US}}</ref>. For di Zonal Inter-Colleges Athletics Competition, dem don win several times<ref>{{Cite news|author=Boadu, Kwame Asare|date=7 January 2014|title=Obuasi Sec-Tech Old Students Support Alma Mater|url=http://graphic.com.gh/news/education/15273-obuasi-sec-tech-old-students-support-alma-mater.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=7 June 2016|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref>. Dem claim say students from di school create “a touchless bin” as part of di fight against [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana|COVID-19]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Covid-19 safety protocol receives boost; Obuasi SecTech designs touchless bin |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/covid-19-safety-protocol-receives-boost-obuasi-sectech-designs-touchless-bin/ |access-date=2021-02-05 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. Again, na di first school wey win di maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge for 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2021 |title=Obuasi SHTS wins maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/obuasi-shts-wins-maiden-sci-tech-innovation-challenge/mb21te9 |website=Pulse Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-01 |title=Obuasi SHTS wins maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/obuasi-shts-wins-maiden-sci-tech-innovation-challenge/ |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. == References == 4o8n83tyfstxept1lq3rp9inlrwjyn2 116020 116014 2026-11-07T15:28:15Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Obuasi Senior High Technical School''' be [[:en:Public_school_(government_funded)|public]] [[:en:Co-educational|co-educational]] second-cycle [[:en:High_school|high school]] wey dey [[:en:Obuasi|Obuasi]], for [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana. Di school dey between two towns wey dem dey call Gausu and Koffikrom<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=Obuasi Senior High/Tech - |url=https://www.zaatu.com/listing/obuasi-senior-high-tech/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>. Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah establish am for 1965 as Government Secondary Technical School, wey be school for boys only and dey offer only science and technical programmes. Na di first school of ein kind for northern sector of Ghana. For 1990, dem change Obuasi Secondary Technical School make e become school wey both boys and girls dey attend, to help support di “More Girls in Science” campaign wey Ghana government start. For 2019, di school reach di quarter-finals stage of di National Science and Maths Quiz Competition after dem beat St. Francis Xavier Minor Seminary and Krobo Girls SHS<ref>{{Citation |title=NSMQ 2019 ONE-EIGHTH: KROBO GIRLS' SHS VS OBUASI SHTS VS ST. FRANCIS XAVIER MINOR SEMINARY SHS |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkqNsYlM-iI |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en}}</ref>.Di school come first with 44 points, followed by St. Francis wey get 18 points, and Krobo wey get 16 points. Masters Kojo Daniel Eshun and Lawrence Adjei be di proud contestants wey represent di school dat day. Obuasi Senior High Technical School win di Ashanti Regional Milo Soccer Competition for 2005 and 2015<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obuasi Senior High Technical School |url=https://searchgh.com/school/obuasi-senior-high-technical-school/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=SearchGH Business Directory |language=en-US}}</ref>. For di Zonal Inter-Colleges Athletics Competition, dem don win several times<ref>{{Cite news|author=Boadu, Kwame Asare|date=7 January 2014|title=Obuasi Sec-Tech Old Students Support Alma Mater|url=http://graphic.com.gh/news/education/15273-obuasi-sec-tech-old-students-support-alma-mater.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=7 June 2016|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref>. Dem claim say students from di school create “a touchless bin” as part of di fight against [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana|COVID-19]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Covid-19 safety protocol receives boost; Obuasi SecTech designs touchless bin |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/covid-19-safety-protocol-receives-boost-obuasi-sectech-designs-touchless-bin/ |access-date=2021-02-05 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. Again, na di first school wey win di maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge for 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2021 |title=Obuasi SHTS wins maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/obuasi-shts-wins-maiden-sci-tech-innovation-challenge/mb21te9 |website=Pulse Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-01 |title=Obuasi SHTS wins maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/obuasi-shts-wins-maiden-sci-tech-innovation-challenge/ |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. == References == bll4l38e7bek8ntenq2sghagxxn9671 116025 116020 2026-11-07T15:31:01Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Obuasi Senior High Technical School''' be [[:en:Public_school_(government_funded)|public]] [[:en:Co-educational|co-educational]] second-cycle [[:en:High_school|high school]] wey dey [[:en:Obuasi|Obuasi]], for [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana. Di school dey between two towns wey dem dey call Gausu and Koffikrom<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=Obuasi Senior High/Tech - |url=https://www.zaatu.com/listing/obuasi-senior-high-tech/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>. Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah establish am for 1965 as Government Secondary Technical School, wey be school for boys only and dey offer only science and technical programmes. Na di first school of ein kind for northern sector of Ghana. For 1990, dem change Obuasi Secondary Technical School make e become school wey both boys and girls dey attend, to help support di “More Girls in Science” campaign wey Ghana government start. For 2019, di school reach di quarter-finals stage of di National Science and Maths Quiz Competition after dem beat St. Francis Xavier Minor Seminary and Krobo Girls SHS<ref>{{Citation |title=NSMQ 2019 ONE-EIGHTH: KROBO GIRLS' SHS VS OBUASI SHTS VS ST. FRANCIS XAVIER MINOR SEMINARY SHS |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkqNsYlM-iI |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en}}</ref>.Di school come first with 44 points, followed by St. Francis wey get 18 points, and Krobo wey get 16 points. Masters Kojo Daniel Eshun and Lawrence Adjei be di proud contestants wey represent di school dat day. Obuasi Senior High Technical School win di Ashanti Regional Milo Soccer Competition for 2005 and 2015<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obuasi Senior High Technical School |url=https://searchgh.com/school/obuasi-senior-high-technical-school/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=SearchGH Business Directory |language=en-US}}</ref>. For di Zonal Inter-Colleges Athletics Competition, dem don win several times<ref>{{Cite news|author=Boadu, Kwame Asare|date=7 January 2014|title=Obuasi Sec-Tech Old Students Support Alma Mater|url=http://graphic.com.gh/news/education/15273-obuasi-sec-tech-old-students-support-alma-mater.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=7 June 2016|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref>. Dem claim say students from di school create “a touchless bin” as part of di fight against [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana|COVID-19]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Covid-19 safety protocol receives boost; Obuasi SecTech designs touchless bin |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/covid-19-safety-protocol-receives-boost-obuasi-sectech-designs-touchless-bin/ |access-date=2021-02-05 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. Again, na di first school wey win di maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge for 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2021 |title=Obuasi SHTS wins maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/obuasi-shts-wins-maiden-sci-tech-innovation-challenge/mb21te9 |website=Pulse Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-01 |title=Obuasi SHTS wins maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/obuasi-shts-wins-maiden-sci-tech-innovation-challenge/ |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. == History == == Admissions == == Student Populations == == Curriculum and halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alumni == == References == psze259jq6dj1wfhuabdso94bs8b8ex 116338 116025 2026-11-07T17:45:36Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 116338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Obuasi Senior High Technical School''' be [[:en:Public_school_(government_funded)|public]] [[:en:Co-educational|co-educational]] second-cycle [[:en:High_school|high school]] wey dey [[:en:Obuasi|Obuasi]], for [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana. De school dey between two towns wey dem dey call Gausu den Koffikrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=Obuasi Senior High/Tech - |url=https://www.zaatu.com/listing/obuasi-senior-high-tech/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> Osagyefo Dr. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] establish am for 1965 as Government Secondary Technical School, wey be school for boys only wey dem offer only science den technical programmes. Na de first school of ein kind for northern sector of Ghana. For 1990, dem change am go Obuasi Secondary Technical School make e cam be school wey both boys den girls dey attend, to help support de “More Girls in Science” campaign wey Ghana government start. For 2019, de school reach di quarter-finals stage of de [[Ghana National Science and Maths Quiz|National Science and Maths Quiz]] Competition after dem beat St. Francis Xavier Minor Seminary den Krobo Girls SHS.<ref>{{Citation |title=NSMQ 2019 ONE-EIGHTH: KROBO GIRLS' SHS VS OBUASI SHTS VS ST. FRANCIS XAVIER MINOR SEMINARY SHS |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkqNsYlM-iI |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en}}</ref> De school come first plus 44 points, wey St. Francis follow wey get 18 points, den Krobo wey get 16 points. Masters Kojo Daniel Eshun den Lawrence Adjei be de proud contestants wey represent de school dat day. Obuasi Senior High Technical School win de Ashanti Regional Milo Soccer Competition for 2005 den 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obuasi Senior High Technical School |url=https://searchgh.com/school/obuasi-senior-high-technical-school/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=SearchGH Business Directory |language=en-US}}</ref> For de Zonal Inter-Colleges Athletics Competition, dem win several times.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Boadu, Kwame Asare|date=7 January 2014|title=Obuasi Sec-Tech Old Students Support Alma Mater|url=http://graphic.com.gh/news/education/15273-obuasi-sec-tech-old-students-support-alma-mater.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=7 June 2016|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> Dem claim say students from de school create “a touchless bin” as part of de fight against [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana|COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Covid-19 safety protocol receives boost; Obuasi SecTech designs touchless bin |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/covid-19-safety-protocol-receives-boost-obuasi-sectech-designs-touchless-bin/ |access-date=2021-02-05 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Again, na de first school wey win de maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge for 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2021 |title=Obuasi SHTS wins maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/obuasi-shts-wins-maiden-sci-tech-innovation-challenge/mb21te9 |website=Pulse Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-01 |title=Obuasi SHTS wins maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/obuasi-shts-wins-maiden-sci-tech-innovation-challenge/ |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == == Admissions == == Student Populations == == Curriculum den halls of residence == == Awards den Recognition == == Alumni == == References == insss4xsp8xnkfixx9103m0n3i5ab7a 116369 116338 2026-11-07T22:10:09Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Obuasi Senior High Technical School''' be [[:en:Public_school_(government_funded)|public]] [[:en:Co-educational|co-educational]] second-cycle [[:en:High_school|high school]] wey dey [[:en:Obuasi|Obuasi]], for [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana. De school dey between two towns wey dem dey call Gausu den Koffikrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=Obuasi Senior High/Tech - |url=https://www.zaatu.com/listing/obuasi-senior-high-tech/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> Osagyefo Dr. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] establish am for 1965 as Government Secondary Technical School, wey be school for boys only wey dem offer only science den technical programmes. Na de first school of ein kind for northern sector of Ghana. For 1990, dem change am go Obuasi Secondary Technical School make e cam be school wey both boys den girls dey attend, to help support de “More Girls in Science” campaign wey Ghana government start. For 2019, de school reach di quarter-finals stage of de [[Ghana National Science and Maths Quiz|National Science and Maths Quiz]] Competition after dem beat St. Francis Xavier Minor Seminary den Krobo Girls SHS.<ref>{{Citation |title=NSMQ 2019 ONE-EIGHTH: KROBO GIRLS' SHS VS OBUASI SHTS VS ST. FRANCIS XAVIER MINOR SEMINARY SHS |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkqNsYlM-iI |access-date=2023-07-01 |language=en}}</ref> De school come first plus 44 points, wey St. Francis follow wey get 18 points, den Krobo wey get 16 points. Masters Kojo Daniel Eshun den Lawrence Adjei be de proud contestants wey represent de school dat day. Obuasi Senior High Technical School win de Ashanti Regional Milo Soccer Competition for 2005 den 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obuasi Senior High Technical School |url=https://searchgh.com/school/obuasi-senior-high-technical-school/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=SearchGH Business Directory |language=en-US}}</ref> For de Zonal Inter-Colleges Athletics Competition, dem win several times.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Boadu, Kwame Asare|date=7 January 2014|title=Obuasi Sec-Tech Old Students Support Alma Mater|url=http://graphic.com.gh/news/education/15273-obuasi-sec-tech-old-students-support-alma-mater.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=7 June 2016|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> Dem claim say students from de school create “a touchless bin” as part of de fight against [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana|COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Covid-19 safety protocol receives boost; Obuasi SecTech designs touchless bin |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/covid-19-safety-protocol-receives-boost-obuasi-sectech-designs-touchless-bin/ |access-date=2021-02-05 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Again, na de first school wey win de maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge for 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2021 |title=Obuasi SHTS wins maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/obuasi-shts-wins-maiden-sci-tech-innovation-challenge/mb21te9 |website=Pulse Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-01 |title=Obuasi SHTS wins maiden Sci-Tech Innovation Challenge - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/obuasi-shts-wins-maiden-sci-tech-innovation-challenge/ |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == History == == Admissions == == Student Populations == == Curriculum den halls of residence == == Awards den Recognition == == Alumni == == References == <references /> [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1965]] [[Category:High schools insyd de Ashanti Region]] [[Category:Public schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Technical schools]] [[Category:1965 establishments insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Mixed schools insyd Ghana]] lman01pu5wsxfc34m3suntjlq8x8glz 0 31385 115985 2026-11-07T15:05:22Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 Created page with "== Adu Gyamfi Senior High School ==" 115985 wikitext text/x-wiki == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == e3pdp76qktxoz6r8b7jz3glc36txalj 115986 115985 2026-11-07T15:06:40Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 115986 wikitext text/x-wiki == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' is a public senior high school located at Jamasi in the Sekyere East District of the Ashanti Region of Ghana. sb8hw3o9tzs87lf0fme1iwwuds67for 115994 115986 2026-11-07T15:13:18Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 115994 wikitext text/x-wiki == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' is a public senior high school located at Jamasi in the Sekyere East District of the Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == REFERENCE == <references /> dajl96ksvew1zipwfvvh3bedc1yed8l 116003 115994 2026-11-07T15:16:48Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116003 wikitext text/x-wiki == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == REFERENCE == <references /> piminb3qkdu2oixdpwb73k41y1174mt 116004 116003 2026-11-07T15:17:35Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116004 wikitext text/x-wiki == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == == REFERENCE == <references /> t205z2hqeo8nstwenpoqw5775bo1kyb 116009 116004 2026-11-07T15:19:47Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116009 wikitext text/x-wiki == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem established Adu Gyamfi Senior High school in 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebi private institution == REFERENCE == <references /> rjehnnx0s7nq4idsyhl9h7f4ty99bac 116010 116009 2026-11-07T15:20:30Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116010 wikitext text/x-wiki == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem established Adu Gyamfi Senior High school in 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebi private institution. == REFERENCE == <references /> 2xwktknoq9gh6zcy4lzlulm1r75ouz4 116021 116010 2026-11-07T15:28:54Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116021 wikitext text/x-wiki == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem established Adu Gyamfi Senior High school in 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebi private institution.. At first na dem dey call am Presbyterian Secondary Commercial School (PRESCO) == REFERENCE == <references /> 0xit5a1em7t3o21co7zfj5acuz0fmol 116022 116021 2026-11-07T15:29:08Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116022 wikitext text/x-wiki == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem established Adu Gyamfi Senior High school in 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebi private institution.. At first na dem dey call am Presbyterian Secondary Commercial School (PRESCO). == REFERENCE == <references /> rm6zj05pbaq7pntcub1rdkz3eiffznj 116024 116022 2026-11-07T15:30:24Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116024 wikitext text/x-wiki == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem established Adu Gyamfi Senior High school in 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebi private institution.. At first na dem dey call am Presbyterian Secondary Commercial School (PRESCO).De first headmaster for de school be E.K. Sarpong, with a student population of 80. == REFERENCE == <references /> n4djivkw4umx0tcfn8of4zb6w51n0hq 116027 116024 2026-11-07T15:31:50Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116027 wikitext text/x-wiki == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem established Adu Gyamfi Senior High school in 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebi private institution.. At first na dem dey call am Presbyterian Secondary Commercial School (PRESCO).De first headmaster for de school be E.K. Sarpong, with a student population of 80. De institution was absorbed into de public school system in 1974, and its name was changed to Adu Gyamfi Secondary School. == REFERENCE == <references /> fb8tqh435pkqyxjvtltuaqzabdlxhw8 116028 116027 2026-11-07T15:33:15Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem established Adu Gyamfi Senior High school in 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebi private institution.. At first na dem dey call am Presbyterian Secondary Commercial School (PRESCO).De first headmaster for de school be E.K. Sarpong, with a student population of 80. De institution was absorbed into de public school system in 1974, and its name was changed to Adu Gyamfi Secondary School. == REFERENCE == <references /> 7i9o8qgzu3fjsez7k1l125mun92aivq 116030 116028 2026-11-07T15:34:20Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem established Adu Gyamfi Senior High school in 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebi private institution.. At first na dem dey call am Presbyterian Secondary Commercial School (PRESCO).De first headmaster for de school be E.K. Sarpong, with a student population of 80. De institution was absorbed into de public school system in 1974, wey dem change de name to Adu Gyamfi Secondary School. == REFERENCE == <references /> trpinklnt25n8noclz7wd6n25a8r3qu 116035 116030 2026-11-07T15:37:52Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem established Adu Gyamfi Senior High school in 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebi private institution.. At first na dem dey call am Presbyterian Secondary Commercial School (PRESCO).De first headmaster for de school be E.K. Sarpong, with a student population of 80. De institution was absorbed into de public school system in 1974, wey dem change de name to Adu Gyamfi Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/aduGyamfi.htm |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com}}</ref> == REFERENCE == <references /> 2uyfa6e1t275k6sg02xs696p9xicj39 116038 116035 2026-11-07T15:39:25Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem established Adu Gyamfi Senior High school in 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebi private institution.. At first na dem dey call am Presbyterian Secondary Commercial School (PRESCO).De first headmaster for de school be E.K. Sarpong, with a student population of 80. De institution was absorbed into de public school system in 1974, wey dem change de name to Adu Gyamfi Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/aduGyamfi.htm |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com}}</ref><ref>[https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school/about]{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school/about |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == REFERENCE == <references /> nxfncqgz8bdff81g2xb9lranywbjiax 116040 116038 2026-11-07T15:40:12Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem established Adu Gyamfi Senior High school in 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebi private institution.. At first na dem dey call am Presbyterian Secondary Commercial School (PRESCO).De first headmaster for de school be E.K. Sarpong, with a student population of 80. De institution was absorbed into de public school system in 1974, wey dem change de name to Adu Gyamfi Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/aduGyamfi.htm |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com}}</ref><ref>[https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school/about]{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school/about |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Admissions == == REFERENCE == <references /> oulmjin0lltbttv722e69v6nsedq8bz 116041 116040 2026-11-07T15:40:48Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem established Adu Gyamfi Senior High school in 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebi private institution.. At first na dem dey call am Presbyterian Secondary Commercial School (PRESCO).De first headmaster for de school be E.K. Sarpong, with a student population of 80. De institution was absorbed into de public school system in 1974, wey dem change de name to Adu Gyamfi Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/aduGyamfi.htm |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com}}</ref><ref>[https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school/about]{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school/about |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Admissions == == Curriculum and halls of residence == == REFERENCE == <references /> rh1eg6shujpcd1u58zwjsilsv409rhv 116042 116041 2026-11-07T15:41:31Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem established Adu Gyamfi Senior High school in 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebi private institution.. At first na dem dey call am Presbyterian Secondary Commercial School (PRESCO).De first headmaster for de school be E.K. Sarpong, with a student population of 80. De institution was absorbed into de public school system in 1974, wey dem change de name to Adu Gyamfi Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/aduGyamfi.htm |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com}}</ref><ref>[https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school/about]{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school/about |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Admissions == == Curriculum and halls of residence == == Student Population == == REFERENCE == <references /> 7ggxykmjjfwye8665jcgz9oei18q1lt 116044 116042 2026-11-07T15:42:02Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem established Adu Gyamfi Senior High school in 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebi private institution.. At first na dem dey call am Presbyterian Secondary Commercial School (PRESCO).De first headmaster for de school be E.K. Sarpong, with a student population of 80. De institution was absorbed into de public school system in 1974, wey dem change de name to Adu Gyamfi Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/aduGyamfi.htm |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com}}</ref><ref>[https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school/about]{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school/about |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Admissions == == Curriculum and halls of residence == == Student Population == == Awards and recognition == == REFERENCE == <references /> 9oc2u0mw3y98ree6mq7bx95vewwv8hh 116045 116044 2026-11-07T15:42:22Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Adu Gyamfi Senior High School == '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi in de Sekyere East District of de Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem established Adu Gyamfi Senior High school in 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebi private institution.. At first na dem dey call am Presbyterian Secondary Commercial School (PRESCO).De first headmaster for de school be E.K. Sarpong, with a student population of 80. De institution was absorbed into de public school system in 1974, wey dem change de name to Adu Gyamfi Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/aduGyamfi.htm |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com}}</ref><ref>[https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school/about]{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school/about |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Admissions == == Curriculum and halls of residence == == Student Population == == Awards and recognition == == REFERENCE == <references /> 53oc07ljd3d5xlrbihj83wypfrghh8u 116374 116045 2026-11-07T22:44:53Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 116374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Adu Gyamfi Senior High School''' be a public senior high school wey dey Jamasi insyd de Sekyere East District of de [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High School benefits from sanitation facility |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school-benefits-from-sanitation-facility/ |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi SHS launches 40th anniversary programme |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/173107/1/adu-gyamfi-shs-launches-40th-anniversary-programme.html |accessdate=2015-05-26}}</ref> == History == Dem establish Adu Gyamfi Senior High school insyd 1968 by Jamasi Presbyterian Church. Na ebe private institution.. At first na dem dey call am Presbyterian Secondary Commercial School (PRESCO). De first headmaster for de school be E.K. Sarpong, plus a student population of 80. De institution be absorbed into de public school system insyd 1974, wey dem change de name to Adu Gyamfi Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/aduGyamfi.htm |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com}}</ref><ref>[https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school/about]{{Cite web |title=Adu Gyamfi Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/adu-gyamfi-senior-high-school/about |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Admissions == == Curriculum den halls of residence == == Student Population == == Awards den recognition == == References == <references /> [[Category:High schools insyd de Ashanti Region]] [[Category:Public schools insyd de Ashanti Region]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1968]] [[Category:1968 establishments insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Mixed schools insyd Ghana]] tqb5vlrncahcede0xjgpc9kjt7pu354 0 31386 116032 2026-11-07T15:36:54Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367755031|Kumasi Girls Senior High School]]" 116032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox school|name=Kumasi Girls Senior High School|image=|image_size=|caption=|location=[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]|address=P. O. Box KS, Kumasi|region=[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]|town=[[Kumasi]]|state=|province=|county=|postal_code=|zipcode=|country=Ghana|coordinates=|school_number=|school_board=|authority=|religious_affiliation=Christianity - Methodist|denomination=|oversight=[[Ministry of Education]]|affiliation=|authorizer=|superintendent=|trustee=|founder=Caxton Williams|specialist=|session=|president=|head_of_school=|head_teacher=|head_label=Headmistress|head=|Headmistress=|principal=|viceprincipal=|dean=|faculty=|administrator=|rector=|chaplain=Sophia Nyarko Manu|director=|custodian=|staff=|USNWR_ranking=First Choice|enrollment=|MOE=|ceeb=|school_code=|local_authority=|ofsted=|test_average=|national_ranking=|classrooms=|avg_class_size=|classes_offered=General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts|ratio=|graduates=|gender=Girls|lower_age=14|upper_age=18|houses=7|schooltype=[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls|fundingtype=|system=|fees=|tuition=|revenue=|endowment=|budget=|products=|age_range=|grades=|language=|campus=|campus_size=|campus_type=|hours_in_day=|athletics=|athletic_conference=|slogan=|song=|fight_song=|motto=Semper Fidelis|accreditation=|rival=|mascot image=|sports=|patron=|nickname=KUGISS|colours=[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]]|mascot=|yearbook=|publication=|newspaper=|opened=|established=|founded=1953|status=Active|closed=|alumni=AHEMAA|gradeK=|grade1=|grade2=|grade3=|grade4=|grade5=|grade6=|grade7=|grade8=|grade9=|grade10=|grade11=|grade12=|grade13=|other_grade_label=|other=|communities=|feeder_schools=|free_label=|free_text=|free_label1=|free_text1=|free_label2=|free_text2=|free_label3=|free_text3=|free_label4=|free_text4=|free_label5=|free_text5=|footnotes=}}<templatestyles src="Infobox school/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School dey Abrepo, one suburb for Kumasi inside Ashanti Region, Ghana. The school dey close to the County Hospital. E come under government management for 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] ii83kx2fa7ibodyzies8kwncrjzbj7g 116053 116032 2026-11-07T15:48:48Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367755031|Kumasi Girls Senior High School]]" 116053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox school|name=Kumasi Girls Senior High School|image=|image_size=|caption=|location=[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]|address=P. O. Box KS, Kumasi|region=[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]|town=[[Kumasi]]|state=|province=|county=|postal_code=|zipcode=|country=Ghana|coordinates=|school_number=|school_board=|authority=|religious_affiliation=Christianity - Methodist|denomination=|oversight=[[Ministry of Education]]|affiliation=|authorizer=|superintendent=|trustee=|founder=Caxton Williams|specialist=|session=|president=|head_of_school=|head_teacher=|head_label=Headmistress|head=|Headmistress=|principal=|viceprincipal=|dean=|faculty=|administrator=|rector=|chaplain=Sophia Nyarko Manu|director=|custodian=|staff=|USNWR_ranking=First Choice|enrollment=|MOE=|ceeb=|school_code=|local_authority=|ofsted=|test_average=|national_ranking=|classrooms=|avg_class_size=|classes_offered=General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts|ratio=|graduates=|gender=Girls|lower_age=14|upper_age=18|houses=7|schooltype=[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls|fundingtype=|system=|fees=|tuition=|revenue=|endowment=|budget=|products=|age_range=|grades=|language=|campus=|campus_size=|campus_type=|hours_in_day=|athletics=|athletic_conference=|slogan=|song=|fight_song=|motto=Semper Fidelis|accreditation=|rival=|mascot image=|sports=|patron=|nickname=KUGISS|colours=[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]]|mascot=|yearbook=|publication=|newspaper=|opened=|established=|founded=1953|status=Active|closed=|alumni=AHEMAA|gradeK=|grade1=|grade2=|grade3=|grade4=|grade5=|grade6=|grade7=|grade8=|grade9=|grade10=|grade11=|grade12=|grade13=|other_grade_label=|other=|communities=|feeder_schools=|free_label=|free_text=|free_label1=|free_text1=|free_label2=|free_text2=|free_label3=|free_text3=|free_label4=|free_text4=|free_label5=|free_text5=|footnotes=}}<templatestyles src="Infobox school/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey Abrepo, one suburb for Kumasi inside Ashanti Region, Ghana. The school dey close to the County Hospital. E come under government management for 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 5x064sxoo626n8ez29p1p0qvhnmu2gh 116055 116053 2026-11-07T15:49:27Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367755031|Kumasi Girls Senior High School]]" 116055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox school|name=Kumasi Girls Senior High School|image=|image_size=|caption=|location=[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]|address=P. O. Box KS, Kumasi|region=[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]|town=[[Kumasi]]|state=|province=|county=|postal_code=|zipcode=|country=Ghana|coordinates=|school_number=|school_board=|authority=|religious_affiliation=Christianity - Methodist|denomination=|oversight=[[Ministry of Education]]|affiliation=|authorizer=|superintendent=|trustee=|founder=Caxton Williams|specialist=|session=|president=|head_of_school=|head_teacher=|head_label=Headmistress|head=|Headmistress=|principal=|viceprincipal=|dean=|faculty=|administrator=|rector=|chaplain=Sophia Nyarko Manu|director=|custodian=|staff=|USNWR_ranking=First Choice|enrollment=|MOE=|ceeb=|school_code=|local_authority=|ofsted=|test_average=|national_ranking=|classrooms=|avg_class_size=|classes_offered=General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts|ratio=|graduates=|gender=Girls|lower_age=14|upper_age=18|houses=7|schooltype=[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls|fundingtype=|system=|fees=|tuition=|revenue=|endowment=|budget=|products=|age_range=|grades=|language=|campus=|campus_size=|campus_type=|hours_in_day=|athletics=|athletic_conference=|slogan=|song=|fight_song=|motto=Semper Fidelis|accreditation=|rival=|mascot image=|sports=|patron=|nickname=KUGISS|colours=[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]]|mascot=|yearbook=|publication=|newspaper=|opened=|established=|founded=1953|status=Active|closed=|alumni=AHEMAA|gradeK=|grade1=|grade2=|grade3=|grade4=|grade5=|grade6=|grade7=|grade8=|grade9=|grade10=|grade11=|grade12=|grade13=|other_grade_label=|other=|communities=|feeder_schools=|free_label=|free_text=|free_label1=|free_text1=|free_label2=|free_text2=|free_label3=|free_text3=|free_label4=|free_text4=|free_label5=|free_text5=|footnotes=}}<templatestyles src="Infobox school/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for Abrepo, one suburb for Kumasi inside Ashanti Region, Ghana. The school dey close to the County Hospital. E come under government management for 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] pg8cj61n4g6p1pw22z4zkbp6w3hbsur 116059 116055 2026-11-07T15:50:19Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367755031|Kumasi Girls Senior High School]]" 116059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox school|name=Kumasi Girls Senior High School|image=|image_size=|caption=|location=[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]|address=P. O. Box KS, Kumasi|region=[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]|town=[[Kumasi]]|state=|province=|county=|postal_code=|zipcode=|country=Ghana|coordinates=|school_number=|school_board=|authority=|religious_affiliation=Christianity - Methodist|denomination=|oversight=[[Ministry of Education]]|affiliation=|authorizer=|superintendent=|trustee=|founder=Caxton Williams|specialist=|session=|president=|head_of_school=|head_teacher=|head_label=Headmistress|head=|Headmistress=|principal=|viceprincipal=|dean=|faculty=|administrator=|rector=|chaplain=Sophia Nyarko Manu|director=|custodian=|staff=|USNWR_ranking=First Choice|enrollment=|MOE=|ceeb=|school_code=|local_authority=|ofsted=|test_average=|national_ranking=|classrooms=|avg_class_size=|classes_offered=General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts|ratio=|graduates=|gender=Girls|lower_age=14|upper_age=18|houses=7|schooltype=[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls|fundingtype=|system=|fees=|tuition=|revenue=|endowment=|budget=|products=|age_range=|grades=|language=|campus=|campus_size=|campus_type=|hours_in_day=|athletics=|athletic_conference=|slogan=|song=|fight_song=|motto=Semper Fidelis|accreditation=|rival=|mascot image=|sports=|patron=|nickname=KUGISS|colours=[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]]|mascot=|yearbook=|publication=|newspaper=|opened=|established=|founded=1953|status=Active|closed=|alumni=AHEMAA|gradeK=|grade1=|grade2=|grade3=|grade4=|grade5=|grade6=|grade7=|grade8=|grade9=|grade10=|grade11=|grade12=|grade13=|other_grade_label=|other=|communities=|feeder_schools=|free_label=|free_text=|free_label1=|free_text1=|free_label2=|free_text2=|free_label3=|free_text3=|free_label4=|free_text4=|free_label5=|free_text5=|footnotes=}}<templatestyles src="Infobox school/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for Abrepo, one suburb for Kumasi insyd Ashanti Region, Ghana. The school dey close to the County Hospital. E come under government management for 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 2xgehjunr4nit35d14kb4btitlekyxq 116072 116059 2026-11-07T15:59:26Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116072 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for Abrepo, one suburb for Kumasi insyd Ashanti Region, Ghana. The school dey close to the County Hospital. E come under government management for 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] hiardbq2ge92s0lmevuynadwxk0hxy6 116085 116072 2026-11-07T16:05:08Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116085 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for Abrepo, one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd Ashanti Region, Ghana. De school dey close to the County Hospital. E come under government management for 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 1iag41g8eqc56zsuqqftv444lj61e1v 116091 116085 2026-11-07T16:07:28Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116091 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd Ashanti Region, Ghana. De school dey close to the County Hospital. E come under government management for 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] sz39rzoqusu9ulyzwtyma4pq6ajcayn 116093 116091 2026-11-07T16:08:24Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116093 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana. De school dey close to the County Hospital. E come under government management for 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] lk5tfkqryk0seejo704envq9qbn3taa 116094 116093 2026-11-07T16:08:52Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116094 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.T school dey close to the County Hospital. E come under government management for 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 2wff52l0jiflife6hqmvvmyhimqqedv 116095 116094 2026-11-07T16:09:12Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116095 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.Th school dey close to the County Hospital. E come under government management for 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] ctw0ru1tbsz4q4xulcgcqf9catr6il9 116097 116095 2026-11-07T16:09:23Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116097 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to the County Hospital. E come under government management for 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] c5rr6bh7p0s7liip7dygoelweeb0909 116100 116097 2026-11-07T16:09:51Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116100 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to d County Hospital. E come under government management for 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] dzz2amjlpgz7pkfu6os4mnix0jlmjpc 116101 116100 2026-11-07T16:10:05Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116101 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. E come under government management for 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] t7ulimknic3ex8jd95a3sddpww6rcql 116105 116101 2026-11-07T16:11:30Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116105 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] acj6thea7rhqj5kqqonbe08zivuujo6 116106 116105 2026-11-07T16:11:50Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116106 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government st 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 6gqalko3b1rnhp6bv6js7ixzgkqsjzf 116107 116106 2026-11-07T16:12:05Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116107 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government star 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] s2c319f696p3hvez1krztlrvc0u06e4 116108 116107 2026-11-07T16:12:19Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116108 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] nfg6hgz10ojpxy3318bv25soz16l7qu 116109 116108 2026-11-07T16:12:31Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116109 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start t 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 3nl02c23xb6vip2sl75qyn993rxkwvn 116111 116109 2026-11-07T16:12:44Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116111 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] f0cnpdoggj7ybnja75ylxn6ko3r9idf 116113 116111 2026-11-07T16:12:58Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116113 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to de 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] binz7zd8i38zv4xvzstculf6ilsqa6c 116114 116113 2026-11-07T16:13:14Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116114 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] gseff6oq8e06ffohvmm5rydk08bo9qq 116116 116114 2026-11-07T16:14:22Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116116 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey m1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 4hpf5ttraotrdpz0wiuh5948l7dh2wi 116117 116116 2026-11-07T16:15:28Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116117 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey man 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 1uizr5ji5aitklgi7lltkmj2zkamev4 116118 116117 2026-11-07T16:15:51Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116118 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] cgt1vgc5g43i6rh8eikfj3jr9wse3fn 116119 116118 2026-11-07T16:16:10Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116119 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage dis1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] cxhlcmrh2113cnaiqse16azhshaxe2m 116122 116119 2026-11-07T16:16:32Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116122 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] lq2mbm91n703wngnznax60hsc6hbazs 116123 116122 2026-11-07T16:16:43Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116123 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de sch 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] n2qka29mmgk6zwe34cc0mcqs5l0kj79 116125 116123 2026-11-07T16:16:58Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116125 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] qev3kigkxlo9li705yflc3hwfy0f3n8 116128 116125 2026-11-07T16:17:32Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116128 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those from Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] i9c2nhgv5lbsi0zr7v4lhs7ptvpah0q 116132 116128 2026-11-07T16:18:26Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116132 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those we Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] jdudusaaek3flgcswd5zztc98g7ixh8 116133 116132 2026-11-07T16:18:47Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116133 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 0miged3nidbl41g8o4mmmsf59u4yi4d 116139 116133 2026-11-07T16:20:00Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116139 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dey Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] nussl7sy620oj24xkor6ewvbw0spmsw 116141 116139 2026-11-07T16:20:16Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116141 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] rgefotjeqvyb58odzwiyt0ffbvgaoj0 116143 116141 2026-11-07T16:20:34Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116143 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey bas Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] lqrb812ta8ow9gfgwcsuhceqfa4q63x 116145 116143 2026-11-07T16:20:49Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116145 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 571x7krpbnck2pua7kmw4695pz1dc34 116147 116145 2026-11-07T16:21:04Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116147 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], Ghana.The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 09iyuus9y4ha5owyw4fc18freasc73a 116151 116147 2026-11-07T16:21:51Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116151 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' For November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 888c2wzj6aw71kz7t0cftjzvjpq660c 116153 116151 2026-11-07T16:22:50Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116153 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' A November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] d2ugb92llvit7b4bahzbi4zpvryhh28 116155 116153 2026-11-07T16:23:03Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116155 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] kpa9fips0ldoked8cyzvouznz5yfox9 116157 116155 2026-11-07T16:23:20Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116157 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] l8se4vhq36k5ufc6dm55b00vnjrwcrf 116159 116157 2026-11-07T16:23:41Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116159 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, the school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] k9q5eklmxpzpsiid8amqpeb4mpdvb3w 116160 116159 2026-11-07T16:24:16Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116160 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, na school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] e6mt3e1xnk8s4furcim9omoqho3nldr 116161 116160 2026-11-07T16:24:28Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116161 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 4057wry0zs00xhbu35gxah8jh47mcyt 116162 116161 2026-11-07T16:24:47Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116162 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school in 1953. The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 5z8t0sixcnznnn3dpbpni55u5o34ua1 116167 116162 2026-11-07T16:26:34Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116167 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == I Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school . The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 6nd48up9fa8al16pdedxg3kvfk8u8v1 116168 116167 2026-11-07T16:26:46Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116168 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school . The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] g0ugp8gu36bb738o5y0u4vwn5ox7g11 116170 116168 2026-11-07T16:27:18Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116170 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953 Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school . The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 8im7jqwva30my47ukxqekorcqv3evej 116173 116170 2026-11-07T16:27:31Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116173 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) start as a private girls' secondary school . The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] nyb9x90fcpayux1evxq17z7d1n4oqjm 116174 116173 2026-11-07T16:27:53Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116174 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person who establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 19romt52ugca8d2hty2p1gdlsz0dqb3 116176 116174 2026-11-07T16:28:14Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116176 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person w establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] fcl8g4w6wl8r8ylhf61ec5sht3aufca 116177 116176 2026-11-07T16:28:27Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116177 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person we establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 2jgpoo7bcw0hdd20d9h53msl468f5hh 116179 116177 2026-11-07T16:28:41Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116179 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. The school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 1twqedtfm1vzouzypw9x5b6my0m5y8q 116183 116179 2026-11-07T16:29:18Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116183 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] n85xy1bzd0wrm5hgjqciuppkteqte1a 116185 116183 2026-11-07T16:29:34Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116185 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By th school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] p83m4fpilfvtb3ndxn0udg7tyrvoacx 116187 116185 2026-11-07T16:29:44Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116187 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By the school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] lqsz8394aboz28e8hfa27krsz0ab2pk 116188 116187 2026-11-07T16:29:56Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116188 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] rnguhfc6vhiugpxammp2nypwix0ootz 116190 116188 2026-11-07T16:30:15Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116190 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] pg90ztqfjej0b1ircdz4bc2683dob7g 116192 116190 2026-11-07T16:30:28Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116192 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey fo Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] sozebvmamqb3e91wtrpjplpwblpgiko 116193 116192 2026-11-07T16:30:39Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116193 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] qy4m8ux375wma90gi06ol9wvad1mmj0 116197 116193 2026-11-07T16:31:34Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116197 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner com move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] spv5ma8u43xfjxm2iimmyyas9pdp1w6 116198 116197 2026-11-07T16:31:48Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116198 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to Bomso Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] qf50sy408ym5sg1ftdvmqe9kqanl332 116203 116198 2026-11-07T16:33:27Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116203 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go Old Tafo, where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] tc3bisbmvcgma4y8gwdivy7393qpl5h 116206 116203 2026-11-07T16:34:14Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116206 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get a strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] s04pp3xccg96oqifx2cm9fshg313ni4 116208 116206 2026-11-07T16:34:57Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116208 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get so strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] dquhmf07boj6be2almmj5pkib54dazd 116210 116208 2026-11-07T16:35:19Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116210 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get som strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] mkph0cx60r66v1u7w98ojtdsaz95l62 116211 116210 2026-11-07T16:35:31Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116211 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] dx2cyw0f7zesv6wqm85jnerlfx63ye1 116214 116211 2026-11-07T16:35:57Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116214 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some ki strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 53vypiqw2vt386pzszrs4jrhcj3ow4w 116215 116214 2026-11-07T16:36:08Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116215 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with their boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] j5aau424k8u5q3jilqavboumitnwhwz 116217 116215 2026-11-07T16:36:28Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116217 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with de boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] fhvlyaemovs4vsssz2yp7xtde7asn6f 116218 116217 2026-11-07T16:36:39Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116218 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dem boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] jdhumasp9pv3g3iibcbn2voultyu1wv 116219 116218 2026-11-07T16:36:52Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116219 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, Kumasi High School. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] hlmoii2n6tncfz2rlwjuchfvekn5bel 116221 116219 2026-11-07T16:37:31Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116221 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. The two schools get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] iao88rl3zeppq6z28rqkhlov561g4sk 116223 116221 2026-11-07T16:38:36Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116223 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. De get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 9nay56bs47dyj7pzceicif68m2qts3m 116224 116223 2026-11-07T16:38:50Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116224 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dem get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 57hfxfp1aogcag953t46cyvc6o26g67 116225 116224 2026-11-07T16:38:59Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116225 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] nizvm33m6k269udiq4t639ugy4nau86 116226 116225 2026-11-07T16:39:10Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116226 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema bo get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] apxy53h7a2id3eeflky78ie320a4yvg 116227 116226 2026-11-07T16:39:19Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116227 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] imk1o78aisyzr4587f5jqo85b5b3j23 116229 116227 2026-11-07T16:39:30Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116229 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy' get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] hqqiqyxh6z8u0uaypitj5fo5yr38ds2 116230 116229 2026-11-07T16:39:40Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116230 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's get a special bond wey dem dey call MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] eh6t52re3kgv99c0jvcvefrumgt225t 116232 116230 2026-11-07T16:40:05Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116232 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's s MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] jfqcb492drud3dmbjl2exgwdqqy59yb 116233 116232 2026-11-07T16:40:21Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116233 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's sc MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] syfum1zr6sf1hnlb0ggsly2ohb01unw 116235 116233 2026-11-07T16:40:32Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116235 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's sch MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] p4goqwqitjdyd5vown8lb10verukoir 116236 116235 2026-11-07T16:40:42Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116236 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's scho MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] mhjeau8u86bk7e8cpnw9gmfgb0zu3jb 116238 116236 2026-11-07T16:40:53Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116238 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's schoo MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] rozgjcva8xodmylmq2m41363abe4xwx 116239 116238 2026-11-07T16:41:03Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116239 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] hxw5ezjtts2vvo7uicow6jfh42vzeu6 116240 116239 2026-11-07T16:41:13Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116240 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] n7507bdszbzozy7bjkgxgoxvspoewdt 116241 116240 2026-11-07T16:41:23Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116241 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get so MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] ak45pp9eyl3va5qr2ly8cdd0zuzh9y1 116242 116241 2026-11-07T16:41:34Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116242 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get some MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] i1jssh548nebbe64vjlqux2dznoesew 116243 116242 2026-11-07T16:41:51Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116243 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get some gu MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 79r4ewb9b851hp36yzxvhi1bg6csisy 116245 116243 2026-11-07T16:42:01Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116245 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get some guy MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] kvbivvn6oht1af0glmck1a1710tbrij 116246 116245 2026-11-07T16:42:13Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116246 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get some guy man MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] nzj3vn5jrekx70jy0y3inxb2khjt3tx 116247 116246 2026-11-07T16:42:26Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116247 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get some guy man na MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] ryvuae3qy83dfpdnkzve325s4116kem 116248 116247 2026-11-07T16:42:38Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116248 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get some guy man name MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 6snefw2p7k3x0qldzg78odxl2qi5rtd 116250 116248 2026-11-07T16:43:13Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116250 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get some guy man (spe MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] 4q7f8uj3qretwqwxattta55jqsggfa9 116251 116250 2026-11-07T16:43:26Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116251 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get some guy man (speci MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] e791aki8zy6abcticijme5v78wvk50e 116252 116251 2026-11-07T16:43:37Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116252 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get some guy man (special MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] osdsbrkletcs8bcj1uzww0h3ti05a7l 116254 116252 2026-11-07T16:43:57Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116254 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get some guy man (special) name MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] lt5c8sxmdebtvqnql05mtc916imxj09 116256 116254 2026-11-07T16:44:09Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116256 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get some guy man (special) name cal MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] trh891levlim3niwcsjetj1on2iz6wr 116258 116256 2026-11-07T16:44:23Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116258 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get some guy man (special) name called MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] qrvt1o446roko8kbbq2lqfe5gbwxstb 116266 116258 2026-11-07T16:47:08Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116266 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get some guy man (special) name called MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school co get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] hq1uakwbmegus9jwru31ch1t7m9bxz8 116267 116266 2026-11-07T16:47:19Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116267 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get some guy man (special) name called MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school com get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] l7efe71grp86jjh5wapssj8t9u6unba 116270 116267 2026-11-07T16:47:34Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116270 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard ib-school" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme" |Kumasi Girls Senior High School |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Location |- class="adr" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">P. O. Box KS, Kumasi</div><br /><br /><div class="street-address" style="display:inline;">[[Abrepo]] [[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Ashanti Region (Ghana)|Ashanti Region]]</div><br /><br /><div class="locality" style="display:inline;">[[Kumasi]]</div><br /><br /><div class="country-name" style="display:inline;">Ghana</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" |Information |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |School type | class="infobox-data" |[[Public school (government funded)|Public]] [[high school]], all-girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Motto | class="infobox-data" |Semper Fidelis |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Religious affiliation</div> | class="infobox-data" |Christianity - Methodist |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |1953 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Caxton Williams |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Status | class="infobox-data" |Active |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oversight | class="infobox-data" |[[Ministry of Education]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Chaplain | class="infobox-data" |Sophia Nyarko Manu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gender | class="infobox-data" |Girls |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Age | class="infobox-data" |14&#x20;to 18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Classes offered</div> | class="infobox-data" |General Arts, General Science, Business, Home Economics, Visual Arts |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Houses | class="infobox-data" |7 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Colours | class="infobox-data" |[[Blue (color)|Blue]] and [[White (color)|white]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Athletic nickname|Nickname]] | class="infobox-data" |KUGISS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[U.S. News & World Report|USNWR]] ranking</div> | class="infobox-data" |First Choice |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alumni | class="infobox-data" |AHEMAA |} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]].The school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school in 1963, and since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, the school celebrated ein 60th anniversary. By that time, nah de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == In 1953, Kumasi Girls Senior High School (KUGISS) started as a private girls' secondary school . The person wey establish the school be Caxton Williams, a man from Sierra Leone. By then, school first dey for Susanso, close to [[:en:Bomso|Bomso]] Junction on the Kumasi-Accra road. For the early 1960s, the owner come move the school go [[:en:Old_Tafo|Old Tafo]], where e continue to operate in rented buildings until 1992. That be the time the school move go its current permanent location for Abrepo. Government take over the management of the school in 1963..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and Halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls get some kind strong relationship with dema boys' school, [[:en:Kumasi_High_School|Kumasi High School]]. Dema boy's school get some guy man (special) name called MMRAHEMMAA. For September 2024, the school come get access to a mechanized water system through the support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with short description]] tr1et5kqgurg8o9hw3bxszf1a49692c 116376 116270 2026-11-07T23:08:36Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 116376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kumasi Girls Senior High School''' dey for [[:en:Abrepo|Abrepo]], one suburb for [[:en:Kumasi|Kumasi]] insyd [[:en:Ashanti_region|Ashanti Region]], [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]]. De school dey close to de County Hospital. Government start to dey manage de school insyd 1963, den since then, e dey provide education for girls, especially those wey dem dey base for Ashanti Region'''.''' As at November 2023, de school celebrate ein 60th anniversary. By dat time, na de school get about 3,200 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School celebrates 60th anniversary, calls for infrastructural support |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kumasi-girls-senior-high-school-celebrates-60th-anniversary-calls-for-infrastructural-support/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == History == Na dem start de school as a private secondary school give girls by Caxton Williams, a Sierra Leonean, insyd 1953. Na Kumasi Girls' Senior High School (KUGISS) first be situated at Susanso, near [[Bomso]] Junction on de Kumasi-Accra road. Insyd de early 1960s, de proprietor move de school to [[Old Tafo]] wer e remain insyd rented premises til 1992 wen na dem move de school go ein present den permanent site at Abrepo. De government take over de administration of de school insyd 1963.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Girls Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kumasi-girls-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=schoolsInGh}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum den Halls of residence == == Awards den Recognition == == Alliance == Kumasi Girls dey maintain an ongoing alliance plus dema boys' school, [[Kumasi High School]], dem call MMRAHEMMAA.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOBsN55li2o |title=Kumasi Girls' Senior High School AHEMAA KUGISS Aerial View 4K |date=2024-07-27 |last=Susan Media |access-date=2025-06-24 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Insyd September 2024, de school get mechanized water project plus de support of Young Visionary Leaders, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2024-09-30 |title=Kumasi Girls SHS gets mechanized water project [Photos] - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/kumasi-girls-shs-gets-mechanized-water-project-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:High schools insyd de Ashanti Region]] [[Category:Education insyd Kumasi]] [[Category:Christian girls' schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1953]] [[Category:1953 establishments insyd de Gold Coast (British colony)]] [[Category:Methodist schools insyd Ghana]] b0zpqp8mkt9solj8ljv7venr81dgjqv 0 31387 116034 2026-11-07T15:37:32Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 Created page with "'''Asare Bediako Senior High School''' (wey dem also dey call '''ABSEC''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Akrokerri|Akrokerri]], for [[Adansi North District]], inside [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana." 116034 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asare Bediako Senior High School''' (wey dem also dey call '''ABSEC''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Akrokerri|Akrokerri]], for [[Adansi North District]], inside [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana. ql6aibxnh2e1abkwgrgxoimrjgd50gc 116036 116034 2026-11-07T15:38:48Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116036 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asare Bediako Senior High School''' (wey dem also dey call '''ABSEC''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Akrokerri|Akrokerri]], for [[Adansi North District]], inside [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-27 |title=Asare Bediako SHS: Over 300 female students risk eviction over unpaid rent |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Asare-Bediako-SHS-Over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent-1389289 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Body of suspected illegal miner who drowned at Akrokerri retrieved – Police |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1117571/body-of-suspected-illegal-miner-who-drowned-at.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref>. == References == jrco9ilai1k036hzed0uq1j9295sxuq 116046 116036 2026-11-07T15:45:18Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116046 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asare Bediako Senior High School''' (wey dem also dey call '''ABSEC''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Akrokerri|Akrokerri]], for [[Adansi North District]], inside [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-27 |title=Asare Bediako SHS: Over 300 female students risk eviction over unpaid rent |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Asare-Bediako-SHS-Over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent-1389289 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Body of suspected illegal miner who drowned at Akrokerri retrieved – Police |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1117571/body-of-suspected-illegal-miner-who-drowned-at.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> == History == Dem establish di school for 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2012, di headmaster of di school be Mr. C. W. Nuakoh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako SHS Appeals for Bus {{!}} News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/asare-bediako-shs-appeals-for-bus/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2017, Anglogold Ashanti provide di school with mechanized boreholes and water tanks.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold drills boreholes for Creeky, Asare Bediako SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-drills-boreholes-for-creeky-asare-bediako-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> For 2021, di headmaster of di school be Dr. Emmanuel Asiedu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Kojo |date=2021-10-27 |title=Over 300 Asare Bediako SHS female students to be evicted over unpaid rent |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/asare-bediako-shs-landlords-threaten-eviction-over-unpaid-rent/k6qcg87 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Starrfm.com.gh |title=Asare Bediako SHS: Over 300 female students risk eviction over unpaid rent |url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2021/10/asare-bediako-shs-over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2021, Helping Africa Foundation provide di school with ICT centres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-06 |title=Helping Africa Foundation provides 3 communities with ICT Centers - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/helping-africa-foundation-provides-3-communities-with-ict-centers/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Helping Africa Foundation Provides Three Communities With ICT Centers |url=https://peacefmonline.com/pages/local/tech/202111/455081.php |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref> == References == 62pbx5ub806zlbowjon2vnlwovr2gaz 116056 116046 2026-11-07T15:49:36Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116056 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asare Bediako Senior High School''' (wey dem also dey call '''ABSEC''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Akrokerri|Akrokerri]], for [[Adansi North District]], inside [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-27 |title=Asare Bediako SHS: Over 300 female students risk eviction over unpaid rent |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Asare-Bediako-SHS-Over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent-1389289 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Body of suspected illegal miner who drowned at Akrokerri retrieved – Police |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1117571/body-of-suspected-illegal-miner-who-drowned-at.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> == History == Dem establish di school for 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2012, di headmaster of di school be Mr. C. W. Nuakoh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako SHS Appeals for Bus {{!}} News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/asare-bediako-shs-appeals-for-bus/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2017, [[:en:AngloGold_Ashanti|Anglogold Ashanti]] provide di school with mechanized [[:en:Borehole|boreholes]] and [[:en:Water_tank|water tanks]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold drills boreholes for Creeky, Asare Bediako SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-drills-boreholes-for-creeky-asare-bediako-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> For 2021, di headmaster of di school be Dr. Emmanuel Asiedu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Kojo |date=2021-10-27 |title=Over 300 Asare Bediako SHS female students to be evicted over unpaid rent |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/asare-bediako-shs-landlords-threaten-eviction-over-unpaid-rent/k6qcg87 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Starrfm.com.gh |title=Asare Bediako SHS: Over 300 female students risk eviction over unpaid rent |url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2021/10/asare-bediako-shs-over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2021, Helping [[:en:Africat_Foundation|Africa Foundation]] provide di school with [[:en:Information_and_communications_technology|ICT]] centres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-06 |title=Helping Africa Foundation provides 3 communities with ICT Centers - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/helping-africa-foundation-provides-3-communities-with-ict-centers/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Helping Africa Foundation Provides Three Communities With ICT Centers |url=https://peacefmonline.com/pages/local/tech/202111/455081.php |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref> Di school motto be “Knowledge and Hard Work”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/asareBediako.htm |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com}}</ref> Di Obuasi Area of di Church of Pentecost donate 200 desks give di school to support am because furniture no dey enough for di students.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-17 |title=Obuasi Area Church of Pentecost donates desks to Asare Bediako SHS |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/02/obuasi-area-church-of-pentecost-donates-desks-to-asare-bediako-shs/ |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == References == 2we2y3bvlax4dwzgaz27knzbc99hswp 116061 116056 2026-11-07T15:53:25Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116061 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asare Bediako Senior High School''' (wey dem also dey call '''ABSEC''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Akrokerri|Akrokerri]], for [[Adansi North District]], inside [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-27 |title=Asare Bediako SHS: Over 300 female students risk eviction over unpaid rent |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Asare-Bediako-SHS-Over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent-1389289 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Body of suspected illegal miner who drowned at Akrokerri retrieved – Police |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1117571/body-of-suspected-illegal-miner-who-drowned-at.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> == History == Dem establish di school for 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2012, di headmaster of di school be Mr. C. W. Nuakoh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako SHS Appeals for Bus {{!}} News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/asare-bediako-shs-appeals-for-bus/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2017, [[:en:AngloGold_Ashanti|Anglogold Ashanti]] provide di school with mechanized [[:en:Borehole|boreholes]] and [[:en:Water_tank|water tanks]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold drills boreholes for Creeky, Asare Bediako SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-drills-boreholes-for-creeky-asare-bediako-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> For 2021, di headmaster of di school be Dr. Emmanuel Asiedu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Kojo |date=2021-10-27 |title=Over 300 Asare Bediako SHS female students to be evicted over unpaid rent |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/asare-bediako-shs-landlords-threaten-eviction-over-unpaid-rent/k6qcg87 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Starrfm.com.gh |title=Asare Bediako SHS: Over 300 female students risk eviction over unpaid rent |url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2021/10/asare-bediako-shs-over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2021, Helping [[:en:Africat_Foundation|Africa Foundation]] provide di school with [[:en:Information_and_communications_technology|ICT]] centres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-06 |title=Helping Africa Foundation provides 3 communities with ICT Centers - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/helping-africa-foundation-provides-3-communities-with-ict-centers/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Helping Africa Foundation Provides Three Communities With ICT Centers |url=https://peacefmonline.com/pages/local/tech/202111/455081.php |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref> Di school motto be “Knowledge and Hard Work”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/asareBediako.htm |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com}}</ref> Di Obuasi Area of di Church of Pentecost donate 200 desks give di school to support am because furniture no dey enough for di students.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-17 |title=Obuasi Area Church of Pentecost donates desks to Asare Bediako SHS |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/02/obuasi-area-church-of-pentecost-donates-desks-to-asare-bediako-shs/ |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Awards and Recognition == == Curriculum and halls of residence == == Alumni == == Features == Di school dey near one [[:en:Waterlogging_(agriculture)|waterlogged]] valley, and e sit on about 75 acres of land.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/asare-bediako-senior-high/about |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == References == 93z56wblk52uha8blwb5tzjmas7ncjt 116064 116061 2026-11-07T15:54:45Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Asare Bediako Senior High School''' (wey dem also dey call '''ABSEC''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Akrokerri|Akrokerri]], for [[Adansi North District]], inside [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-27 |title=Asare Bediako SHS: Over 300 female students risk eviction over unpaid rent |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Asare-Bediako-SHS-Over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent-1389289 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Body of suspected illegal miner who drowned at Akrokerri retrieved – Police |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1117571/body-of-suspected-illegal-miner-who-drowned-at.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> == History == Dem establish di school for 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2012, di headmaster of di school be Mr. C. W. Nuakoh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako SHS Appeals for Bus {{!}} News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/asare-bediako-shs-appeals-for-bus/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2017, [[:en:AngloGold_Ashanti|Anglogold Ashanti]] provide di school with mechanized [[:en:Borehole|boreholes]] and [[:en:Water_tank|water tanks]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold drills boreholes for Creeky, Asare Bediako SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-drills-boreholes-for-creeky-asare-bediako-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> For 2021, di headmaster of di school be Dr. Emmanuel Asiedu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Kojo |date=2021-10-27 |title=Over 300 Asare Bediako SHS female students to be evicted over unpaid rent |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/asare-bediako-shs-landlords-threaten-eviction-over-unpaid-rent/k6qcg87 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Starrfm.com.gh |title=Asare Bediako SHS: Over 300 female students risk eviction over unpaid rent |url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2021/10/asare-bediako-shs-over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2021, Helping [[:en:Africat_Foundation|Africa Foundation]] provide di school with [[:en:Information_and_communications_technology|ICT]] centres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-06 |title=Helping Africa Foundation provides 3 communities with ICT Centers - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/helping-africa-foundation-provides-3-communities-with-ict-centers/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Helping Africa Foundation Provides Three Communities With ICT Centers |url=https://peacefmonline.com/pages/local/tech/202111/455081.php |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref> Di school motto be “Knowledge and Hard Work”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/asareBediako.htm |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com}}</ref> Di Obuasi Area of di Church of Pentecost donate 200 desks give di school to support am because furniture no dey enough for di students.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-17 |title=Obuasi Area Church of Pentecost donates desks to Asare Bediako SHS |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/02/obuasi-area-church-of-pentecost-donates-desks-to-asare-bediako-shs/ |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Awards and Recognition == == Curriculum and halls of residence == == Alumni == == Features == Di school dey near one [[:en:Waterlogging_(agriculture)|waterlogged]] valley, and e sit on about 75 acres of land.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/asare-bediako-senior-high/about |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == References == 8ag6h586gmoewhunr9ke518gkvk9200 116352 116064 2026-11-07T19:22:21Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Asare Bediako Senior High School''' (wey dem also dey call '''ABSEC''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Akrokerri|Akrokerri]], for [[Adansi North District]], inside [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208055424/https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |archive-date=2023-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-27 |title=Asare Bediako SHS: Over 300 female students risk eviction over unpaid rent |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Asare-Bediako-SHS-Over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent-1389289 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110120817/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Asare-Bediako-SHS-Over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent-1389289 |archive-date=2022-11-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Body of suspected illegal miner who drowned at Akrokerri retrieved – Police |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1117571/body-of-suspected-illegal-miner-who-drowned-at.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> == History == Dem establish di school for 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208055424/https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |archive-date=2023-12-08}}</ref> For 2012, di headmaster of di school be Mr. C. W. Nuakoh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako SHS Appeals for Bus {{!}} News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/asare-bediako-shs-appeals-for-bus/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2017, [[:en:AngloGold_Ashanti|Anglogold Ashanti]] provide di school with mechanized [[:en:Borehole|boreholes]] and [[:en:Water_tank|water tanks]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold drills boreholes for Creeky, Asare Bediako SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-drills-boreholes-for-creeky-asare-bediako-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> For 2021, di headmaster of di school be Dr. Emmanuel Asiedu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Kojo |date=2021-10-27 |title=Over 300 Asare Bediako SHS female students to be evicted over unpaid rent |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/asare-bediako-shs-landlords-threaten-eviction-over-unpaid-rent/k6qcg87 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Starrfm.com.gh |title=Asare Bediako SHS: Over 300 female students risk eviction over unpaid rent |url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2021/10/asare-bediako-shs-over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204011522/https://starrfm.com.gh/2021/10/asare-bediako-shs-over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent/ |archive-date=2024-12-04}}</ref> For 2021, Helping [[:en:Africat_Foundation|Africa Foundation]] provide di school with [[:en:Information_and_communications_technology|ICT]] centres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-06 |title=Helping Africa Foundation provides 3 communities with ICT Centers - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/helping-africa-foundation-provides-3-communities-with-ict-centers/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Helping Africa Foundation Provides Three Communities With ICT Centers |url=https://peacefmonline.com/pages/local/tech/202111/455081.php |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110120920/https://peacefmonline.com/pages/local/tech/202111/455081.php |archive-date=2022-11-10}}</ref> Di school motto be “Knowledge and Hard Work”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/asareBediako.htm |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203015412/https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/asareBediako.htm |archive-date=2024-12-03}}</ref> Di Obuasi Area of di Church of Pentecost donate 200 desks give di school to support am because furniture no dey enough for di students.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-17 |title=Obuasi Area Church of Pentecost donates desks to Asare Bediako SHS |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/02/obuasi-area-church-of-pentecost-donates-desks-to-asare-bediako-shs/ |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Awards and Recognition == == Curriculum and halls of residence == == Alumni == == Features == Di school dey near one [[:en:Waterlogging_(agriculture)|waterlogged]] valley, and e sit on about 75 acres of land.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/asare-bediako-senior-high/about |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == References == tpe5rxl557hsi43edo59y2i2c1t0bui 116378 116352 2026-11-07T23:20:19Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 116378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Asare Bediako Senior High School''' (wey dem also dey call '''ABSEC''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey Akrokerri, for [[Adansi North District]], insyd [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208055424/https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |archive-date=2023-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-27 |title=Asare Bediako SHS: Over 300 female students risk eviction over unpaid rent |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Asare-Bediako-SHS-Over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent-1389289 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110120817/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Asare-Bediako-SHS-Over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent-1389289 |archive-date=2022-11-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Body of suspected illegal miner who drowned at Akrokerri retrieved – Police |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1117571/body-of-suspected-illegal-miner-who-drowned-at.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> == History == Dem establish de school for 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208055424/https://quicaccess.com/school/asare-bediako-senior-high-school/ |archive-date=2023-12-08}}</ref> For 2012, de headmaster of de school be Mr. C. W. Nuakoh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako SHS Appeals for Bus {{!}} News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/asare-bediako-shs-appeals-for-bus/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> For 2017, Anglogold Ashanti provide de school plus mechanized [[:en:Borehole|boreholes]] den [[:en:Water_tank|water tanks]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold drills boreholes for Creeky, Asare Bediako SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-drills-boreholes-for-creeky-asare-bediako-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> For 2021, de headmaster of de school be Dr. Emmanuel Asiedu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Kojo |date=2021-10-27 |title=Over 300 Asare Bediako SHS female students to be evicted over unpaid rent |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/asare-bediako-shs-landlords-threaten-eviction-over-unpaid-rent/k6qcg87 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Starrfm.com.gh |title=Asare Bediako SHS: Over 300 female students risk eviction over unpaid rent |url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2021/10/asare-bediako-shs-over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204011522/https://starrfm.com.gh/2021/10/asare-bediako-shs-over-300-female-students-risk-eviction-over-unpaid-rent/ |archive-date=2024-12-04}}</ref> For 2021, Helping [[:en:Africat_Foundation|Africa Foundation]] provide de school plus [[:en:Information_and_communications_technology|ICT]] centres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-06 |title=Helping Africa Foundation provides 3 communities with ICT Centers - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/helping-africa-foundation-provides-3-communities-with-ict-centers/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Helping Africa Foundation Provides Three Communities With ICT Centers |url=https://peacefmonline.com/pages/local/tech/202111/455081.php |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110120920/https://peacefmonline.com/pages/local/tech/202111/455081.php |archive-date=2022-11-10}}</ref> De school motto be “Knowledge and Hard Work”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/asareBediako.htm |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203015412/https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/asareBediako.htm |archive-date=2024-12-03}}</ref> De Obuasi Area of de Church of Pentecost donate 200 desks give de school to support am secof furniture no dey enough give de students.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-17 |title=Obuasi Area Church of Pentecost donates desks to Asare Bediako SHS |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/02/obuasi-area-church-of-pentecost-donates-desks-to-asare-bediako-shs/ |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Awards den Recognition == == Curriculum den halls of residence == == Alumni == == Features == De school dey near one waterlogged valley, wey e dey sit on about 75 acres of land.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asare Bediako Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/asare-bediako-senior-high/about |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:1993 establishments insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1993]] [[Category:Mixed schools insyd Ghana]] fq7rhyb3mea1ccohq2clsag5aj4301u 0 31388 116048 2026-11-07T15:45:28Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 Created page with "== Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School ==" 116048 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == drv7il6jck1u6yzszelfkx4vfw6dyxg 116052 116048 2026-11-07T15:48:08Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116052 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana. 0046bf3znsdmu7k4yd8jhe66n26mbbm 116058 116052 2026-11-07T15:50:02Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116058 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref> r8mmjg2d7ta3kbp254xv9ikn04b7hkk 116062 116058 2026-11-07T15:53:32Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116062 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref> == REFERENCE == <references /> cgedtlnae0x334cdn8e7m0orqo3062x 116066 116062 2026-11-07T15:55:45Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116066 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == REFERENCE == <references /> 0knahmnt977nfzxzqtlpvc4uivq452z 116068 116066 2026-11-07T15:56:20Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116068 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == == REFERENCE == <references /> jqdleppnoki3vnyfncia8pxgvdbn6n4 116070 116068 2026-11-07T15:58:11Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116070 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == REFERENCE == <references /> ngsrjekzqleh7e8magv83301sapozza 116071 116070 2026-11-07T15:58:49Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116071 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == == REFERENCE == <references /> 5eistmltpqax09u99lh66fz07uy2oxi 116073 116071 2026-11-07T16:00:35Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116073 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. Kwame Nkrumah established on 5 September 1959 with de aim of providing second cycle education to children within de catchment area and beyond == REFERENCE == <references /> 76gf5knxq5py2rf8kdoujb1a12mgjy2 116074 116073 2026-11-07T16:00:50Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116074 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. Kwame Nkrumah established on 5 September 1959 with de aim of providing second cycle education to children within de catchment area and beyond. == REFERENCE == <references /> oh0wvjdac6qdhe7xq491guhxpv4uypl 116076 116074 2026-11-07T16:01:20Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116076 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. Kwame Nkrumah established on 5 September 1959 with de aim of providing second cycle education to children within de catchment area and beyond.<ref name=":1" /> == REFERENCE == <references /> 8cbw5t6hfpb3jj3gti01itu28ku0h7z 116078 116076 2026-11-07T16:02:40Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116078 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. Kwame Nkrumah established on 5 September 1959 with de aim of providing second cycle education to children within de catchment area and beyond.<ref name=":1" /> Dem established am under de Ghana Education Trust Fund den funded by de Ghana Cocoa Board. == REFERENCE == <references /> avn8dayic216y1nb7d0wa59n2nwdea5 116084 116078 2026-11-07T16:05:05Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116084 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. Kwame Nkrumah established on 5 September 1959 with de aim of providing second cycle education to children within de catchment area and beyond.<ref name=":1" /> Dem established am under de Ghana Education Trust Fund den funded by de Ghana Cocoa Board. De foundation stone was laid by Ferdinand Goka, de then Volta regional commissioner. Wey de first classes started with 66 boys on 19 January 1960 == REFERENCE == <references /> 2gdr2xnm8gegxrig37rq7sq0qdqhq75 116086 116084 2026-11-07T16:05:26Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116086 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. Kwame Nkrumah established on 5 September 1959 with de aim of providing second cycle education to children within de catchment area and beyond.<ref name=":1" /> Dem established am under de Ghana Education Trust Fund den funded by de Ghana Cocoa Board. De foundation stone was laid by Ferdinand Goka, de then Volta regional commissioner. Wey de first classes started with 66 boys on 19 January 1960. == REFERENCE == <references /> 4ktuei0ss73iqk04f024ytezcdaactk 116098 116086 2026-11-07T16:09:34Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116098 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. Kwame Nkrumah established on 5 September 1959 with de aim of providing second cycle education to children within de catchment area and beyond.<ref name=":1" /> Dem established am under de Ghana Education Trust Fund den funded by de Ghana Cocoa Board. De foundation stone was laid by Ferdinand Goka, de then Volta regional commissioner. Wey de first classes started with 66 boys on 19 January 1960. De school celebrated ein 60th anniversary in November 2019 == REFERENCE == <references /> g30ggajiybe1du3p4lw3i799z44yyjl 116104 116098 2026-11-07T16:11:17Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116104 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. Kwame Nkrumah established on 5 September 1959 with de aim of providing second cycle education to children within de catchment area and beyond.<ref name=":1" /> Dem established am under de Ghana Education Trust Fund den funded by de Ghana Cocoa Board. De foundation stone was laid by Ferdinand Goka, de then Volta regional commissioner. Wey de first classes started with 66 boys on 19 January 1960. De school celebrated ein 60th anniversary in November 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi Asato Senior High 60th Anniversary Is Coming Soon |url=https://myshsrank.com/post/kadjebi-asato-senior-high-60th-anniversary-is-coming-soon |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}} - {{Cite web |title=KASEC 60th Anniversary Celebration Part 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VN-ozWC8uY |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=YouTube}}</ref> == REFERENCE == <references /> 7ce5jxhqdbg6oz6ec807v4qe7fnzbl7 116110 116104 2026-11-07T16:12:42Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116110 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. Kwame Nkrumah established on 5 September 1959 with de aim of providing second cycle education to children within de catchment area and beyond.<ref name=":1" /> Dem established am under de Ghana Education Trust Fund den funded by de Ghana Cocoa Board. De foundation stone was laid by Ferdinand Goka, de then Volta regional commissioner. Wey de first classes started with 66 boys on 19 January 1960. De school celebrated ein 60th anniversary in November 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi Asato Senior High 60th Anniversary Is Coming Soon |url=https://myshsrank.com/post/kadjebi-asato-senior-high-60th-anniversary-is-coming-soon |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}} - {{Cite web |title=KASEC 60th Anniversary Celebration Part 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VN-ozWC8uY |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=YouTube}}</ref> De old Students Union - de Kasec Old Students Union (KOSU) - started in de early 1990s in de New York den New Jersey areas of de United State == REFERENCE == <references /> 0co2s2s5gce7nwc09onai909gg8u1tb 116115 116110 2026-11-07T16:13:31Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116115 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. Kwame Nkrumah established on 5 September 1959 with de aim of providing second cycle education to children within de catchment area and beyond.<ref name=":1" /> Dem established am under de Ghana Education Trust Fund den funded by de Ghana Cocoa Board. De foundation stone was laid by Ferdinand Goka, de then Volta regional commissioner. Wey de first classes started with 66 boys on 19 January 1960. De school celebrated ein 60th anniversary in November 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi Asato Senior High 60th Anniversary Is Coming Soon |url=https://myshsrank.com/post/kadjebi-asato-senior-high-60th-anniversary-is-coming-soon |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}} - {{Cite web |title=KASEC 60th Anniversary Celebration Part 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VN-ozWC8uY |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=YouTube}}</ref> De old Students Union - de Kasec Old Students Union (KOSU) - started in de early 1990s in de New York den New Jersey areas of de United State. == REFERENCE == <references /> 3cfw5f61fp6e3zdzsvihlgshbds2tq3 116126 116115 2026-11-07T16:16:59Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116126 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. Kwame Nkrumah established on 5 September 1959 with de aim of providing second cycle education to children within de catchment area and beyond.<ref name=":1" /> Dem established am under de Ghana Education Trust Fund den funded by de Ghana Cocoa Board. De foundation stone was laid by Ferdinand Goka, de then Volta regional commissioner. Wey de first classes started with 66 boys on 19 January 1960. De school celebrated ein 60th anniversary in November 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi Asato Senior High 60th Anniversary Is Coming Soon |url=https://myshsrank.com/post/kadjebi-asato-senior-high-60th-anniversary-is-coming-soon |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}} - {{Cite web |title=KASEC 60th Anniversary Celebration Part 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VN-ozWC8uY |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=YouTube}}</ref> De old Students Union - de Kasec Old Students Union (KOSU) - started in de early 1990s in de New York den New Jersey areas of de United State. During this period, initial members met informally at members’ residences to discuss matters of mutual interest den benefit wey dem examine ways to offer support to their ''alma mater''. == REFERENCE == <references /> cc62q5maiquodp7c6yz7bvdavdbfaf1 116129 116126 2026-11-07T16:17:56Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116129 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. Kwame Nkrumah established on 5 September 1959 with de aim of providing second cycle education to children within de catchment area and beyond.<ref name=":1" /> Dem established am under de Ghana Education Trust Fund den funded by de Ghana Cocoa Board. De foundation stone was laid by Ferdinand Goka, de then Volta regional commissioner. Wey de first classes started with 66 boys on 19 January 1960. De school celebrated ein 60th anniversary in November 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi Asato Senior High 60th Anniversary Is Coming Soon |url=https://myshsrank.com/post/kadjebi-asato-senior-high-60th-anniversary-is-coming-soon |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}} - {{Cite web |title=KASEC 60th Anniversary Celebration Part 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VN-ozWC8uY |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=YouTube}}</ref> De old Students Union - de Kasec Old Students Union (KOSU) - started in de early 1990s in de New York den New Jersey areas of de United State. During this period, initial members met informally at members’ residences to discuss matters of mutual interest den benefit wey dem examine ways to offer support to their ''alma mater''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni & Friends |url=http://kaseconline.org/alumni--friends.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727140105/http://kaseconline.org/alumni--friends.html |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-27 |publisher=Kadjebi-Asato Secondary School}}</ref> == REFERENCE == <references /> j6okd9dr160zyys2891b0m7pe8fb266 116135 116129 2026-11-07T16:19:11Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116135 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. Kwame Nkrumah established on 5 September 1959 with de aim of providing second cycle education to children within de catchment area and beyond.<ref name=":1" /> Dem established am under de Ghana Education Trust Fund den funded by de Ghana Cocoa Board. De foundation stone was laid by Ferdinand Goka, de then Volta regional commissioner. Wey de first classes started with 66 boys on 19 January 1960. De school celebrated ein 60th anniversary in November 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi Asato Senior High 60th Anniversary Is Coming Soon |url=https://myshsrank.com/post/kadjebi-asato-senior-high-60th-anniversary-is-coming-soon |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}} - {{Cite web |title=KASEC 60th Anniversary Celebration Part 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VN-ozWC8uY |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=YouTube}}</ref> De old Students Union - de Kasec Old Students Union (KOSU) - started in de early 1990s in de New York den New Jersey areas of de United State. During this period, initial members met informally at members’ residences to discuss matters of mutual interest den benefit wey dem examine ways to offer support to their ''alma mater''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni & Friends |url=http://kaseconline.org/alumni--friends.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727140105/http://kaseconline.org/alumni--friends.html |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-27 |publisher=Kadjebi-Asato Secondary School}}</ref> In February 2009, a few alumni, wey dey de New York area, gathered together via telephone conferencing to rebuild the KOSU-Global organization. == REFERENCE == <references /> fe36j246ppoyhhugimbedrskp6483c9 116144 116135 2026-11-07T16:20:45Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116144 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School == '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns known as Kadjebi den Asato, which give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District in de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. Kwame Nkrumah established on 5 September 1959 with de aim of providing second cycle education to children within de catchment area and beyond.<ref name=":1" /> Dem established am under de Ghana Education Trust Fund den funded by de Ghana Cocoa Board. De foundation stone was laid by Ferdinand Goka, de then Volta regional commissioner. Wey de first classes started with 66 boys on 19 January 1960. De school celebrated ein 60th anniversary in November 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi Asato Senior High 60th Anniversary Is Coming Soon |url=https://myshsrank.com/post/kadjebi-asato-senior-high-60th-anniversary-is-coming-soon |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}} - {{Cite web |title=KASEC 60th Anniversary Celebration Part 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VN-ozWC8uY |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=YouTube}}</ref> De old Students Union - de Kasec Old Students Union (KOSU) - started in de early 1990s in de New York den New Jersey areas of de United State. During this period, initial members met informally at members’ residences to discuss matters of mutual interest den benefit wey dem examine ways to offer support to their ''alma mater''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni & Friends |url=http://kaseconline.org/alumni--friends.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727140105/http://kaseconline.org/alumni--friends.html |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-27 |publisher=Kadjebi-Asato Secondary School}}</ref> In February 2009, a few alumni, wey dey de New York area, gathered together via telephone conferencing to rebuild the KOSU-Global organization. == Headmasters == == REFERENCE == <references /> idquxdrbnj2m4wcb3q5n87ei22ntbvu 116379 116144 2026-11-07T23:29:11Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 116379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns dem know as Kadjebi den Asato, wich dey give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District insyd de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] establish on 5 September 1959 plus de aim of providing second cycle education to kiddies within de catchment area den beyond.<ref name=":1" /> Dem establish am under de Ghana Education Trust Fund wey be funded by de Ghana Cocoa Board. De foundation stone be laid by Ferdinand Goka, de then Volta regional commissioner. Wey de first classes start plus 66 boys on 19 January 1960. De school celebrate ein 60th anniversary insyd November 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi Asato Senior High 60th Anniversary Is Coming Soon |url=https://myshsrank.com/post/kadjebi-asato-senior-high-60th-anniversary-is-coming-soon |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}} - {{Cite web |title=KASEC 60th Anniversary Celebration Part 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VN-ozWC8uY |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=YouTube}}</ref> De old Students Union - de Kasec Old Students Union (KOSU) - start insyd de early 1990s insyd de New York den New Jersey areas of de [[United States]]. During dis period, initial members meet informally at members’ residences to discuss matters of mutual interest den benefit wey dem examine ways to offer support to dema ''alma mater''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni & Friends |url=http://kaseconline.org/alumni--friends.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727140105/http://kaseconline.org/alumni--friends.html |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-27 |publisher=Kadjebi-Asato Secondary School}}</ref> Insyd February 2009, a few alumni, wey dey de New York area, gather togeda via telephone conferencing to rebuild de KOSU-Global organization. == Headmasters == == Notable alumni == == References == <references /> 4lmvh0sua9kuc2hi8o9lly5wzq6stoa 116380 116379 2026-11-07T23:29:54Z DaSupremo 9 /* Headmasters */ Improve article 116380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns dem know as Kadjebi den Asato, wich dey give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District insyd de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] establish on 5 September 1959 plus de aim of providing second cycle education to kiddies within de catchment area den beyond.<ref name=":1" /> Dem establish am under de Ghana Education Trust Fund wey be funded by de Ghana Cocoa Board. De foundation stone be laid by Ferdinand Goka, de then Volta regional commissioner. Wey de first classes start plus 66 boys on 19 January 1960. De school celebrate ein 60th anniversary insyd November 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi Asato Senior High 60th Anniversary Is Coming Soon |url=https://myshsrank.com/post/kadjebi-asato-senior-high-60th-anniversary-is-coming-soon |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}} - {{Cite web |title=KASEC 60th Anniversary Celebration Part 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VN-ozWC8uY |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=YouTube}}</ref> De old Students Union - de Kasec Old Students Union (KOSU) - start insyd de early 1990s insyd de New York den New Jersey areas of de [[United States]]. During dis period, initial members meet informally at members’ residences to discuss matters of mutual interest den benefit wey dem examine ways to offer support to dema ''alma mater''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni & Friends |url=http://kaseconline.org/alumni--friends.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727140105/http://kaseconline.org/alumni--friends.html |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-27 |publisher=Kadjebi-Asato Secondary School}}</ref> Insyd February 2009, a few alumni, wey dey de New York area, gather togeda via telephone conferencing to rebuild de KOSU-Global organization. == Headmasters == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ordinal !Name !Term start !Term end |- |1 |A. D. Addo Yobo |1960 |1965 |- |2 |S. K. Afari |1965 |1972 |- |3 |J. B. Yegbe | |AG |- |4 |H. K. Owusu |1973 |1981 |- |5 |E. K. Gawu |1981 |1984 |- |6 |E. K. Kokorokoi |1984 |1986 |- |7 |I. K. Cudjoe |1986 |1996 |- |8 |Mr F.K Korwu |1996 |2003 |- |9 |Mussah Yamba Issahaku |2003 |2009 |- |10 |Thomas Fourdjour-Ababio |2009 |2017 |- |11 |Gideon Tay<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mornah|first=Kennedy|date=2019-11-28|title=Kadjebi Asato SHS Headmaster cries out; says female students are consuming too much 'wee' toffee|url=https://bestnewsgh.com/kadjebi-asato-shs-headmaster-cries-out-says-female-students-are-consuming-too-much-wee-toffee/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=BestNewsGH}}</ref> |2017 |2020 |- |12 |Daniel K. Lenwah (SVD)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-01|title=Graduating students of Kadjebi-Asato SHS urged to be good ambassadors |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/graduating-students-of-kadjebi-asato-shs-urged-to-be-good-ambassadors/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=Joy Online}}</ref> |2020 |Incumbent |} == Notable alumni == == References == <references /> ji2af3pqb2rmsjgat0it9tzfl8192vb 116381 116380 2026-11-07T23:31:09Z DaSupremo 9 /* Notable alumni */ Improve article 116381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns dem know as Kadjebi den Asato, wich dey give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District insyd de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] establish on 5 September 1959 plus de aim of providing second cycle education to kiddies within de catchment area den beyond.<ref name=":1" /> Dem establish am under de Ghana Education Trust Fund wey be funded by de Ghana Cocoa Board. De foundation stone be laid by Ferdinand Goka, de then Volta regional commissioner. Wey de first classes start plus 66 boys on 19 January 1960. De school celebrate ein 60th anniversary insyd November 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi Asato Senior High 60th Anniversary Is Coming Soon |url=https://myshsrank.com/post/kadjebi-asato-senior-high-60th-anniversary-is-coming-soon |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}} - {{Cite web |title=KASEC 60th Anniversary Celebration Part 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VN-ozWC8uY |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=YouTube}}</ref> De old Students Union - de Kasec Old Students Union (KOSU) - start insyd de early 1990s insyd de New York den New Jersey areas of de [[United States]]. During dis period, initial members meet informally at members’ residences to discuss matters of mutual interest den benefit wey dem examine ways to offer support to dema ''alma mater''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni & Friends |url=http://kaseconline.org/alumni--friends.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727140105/http://kaseconline.org/alumni--friends.html |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-27 |publisher=Kadjebi-Asato Secondary School}}</ref> Insyd February 2009, a few alumni, wey dey de New York area, gather togeda via telephone conferencing to rebuild de KOSU-Global organization. == Headmasters == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ordinal !Name !Term start !Term end |- |1 |A. D. Addo Yobo |1960 |1965 |- |2 |S. K. Afari |1965 |1972 |- |3 |J. B. Yegbe | |AG |- |4 |H. K. Owusu |1973 |1981 |- |5 |E. K. Gawu |1981 |1984 |- |6 |E. K. Kokorokoi |1984 |1986 |- |7 |I. K. Cudjoe |1986 |1996 |- |8 |Mr F.K Korwu |1996 |2003 |- |9 |Mussah Yamba Issahaku |2003 |2009 |- |10 |Thomas Fourdjour-Ababio |2009 |2017 |- |11 |Gideon Tay<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mornah|first=Kennedy|date=2019-11-28|title=Kadjebi Asato SHS Headmaster cries out; says female students are consuming too much 'wee' toffee|url=https://bestnewsgh.com/kadjebi-asato-shs-headmaster-cries-out-says-female-students-are-consuming-too-much-wee-toffee/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=BestNewsGH}}</ref> |2017 |2020 |- |12 |Daniel K. Lenwah (SVD)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-01|title=Graduating students of Kadjebi-Asato SHS urged to be good ambassadors |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/graduating-students-of-kadjebi-asato-shs-urged-to-be-good-ambassadors/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=Joy Online}}</ref> |2020 |Incumbent |} == Notable alumni == * [[Rashid Bawa]], former member of parliament * [[John Kwadwo Gyapong]], Ghanaian politician * [[Clemence Jackson Honyenuga]], Justice of de [[Supreme Court of Ghana]] (2020–2023) den Paramount Chief of Nyagbo Traditional Area * [[Joseph Kwadwo Ofori]], Ghanaian politician == References == <references /> cs93vn8yjmyfjovv9ppfkexy66eok3l 116382 116381 2026-11-07T23:32:39Z DaSupremo 9 Add categories 116382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School''' ('''KASEC''') be a co-educational, boarding senior high school wey dey de border of two towns dem know as Kadjebi den Asato, wich dey give de school ein name. E dey Kadjebi District insyd de Oti Region of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/kadjebi-asato-senior-high |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi-Asato Senior High School |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kadjebi/798267790243191/Kadjebi-Asato-Senior-High-School |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=FindGlocal}}</ref> == Crest == De school crest be a combination of a book den an eagle, plus a wisdom knot den de motto ''Consilio et Animis'' ("By Wisdom and Courage"). == History == De school be one of de trust schools wey Dr. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] establish on 5 September 1959 plus de aim of providing second cycle education to kiddies within de catchment area den beyond.<ref name=":1" /> Dem establish am under de Ghana Education Trust Fund wey be funded by de Ghana Cocoa Board. De foundation stone be laid by Ferdinand Goka, de then Volta regional commissioner. Wey de first classes start plus 66 boys on 19 January 1960. De school celebrate ein 60th anniversary insyd November 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadjebi Asato Senior High 60th Anniversary Is Coming Soon |url=https://myshsrank.com/post/kadjebi-asato-senior-high-60th-anniversary-is-coming-soon |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Myshsrank}} - {{Cite web |title=KASEC 60th Anniversary Celebration Part 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VN-ozWC8uY |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=YouTube}}</ref> De old Students Union - de Kasec Old Students Union (KOSU) - start insyd de early 1990s insyd de New York den New Jersey areas of de [[United States]]. During dis period, initial members meet informally at members’ residences to discuss matters of mutual interest den benefit wey dem examine ways to offer support to dema ''alma mater''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni & Friends |url=http://kaseconline.org/alumni--friends.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727140105/http://kaseconline.org/alumni--friends.html |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-27 |publisher=Kadjebi-Asato Secondary School}}</ref> Insyd February 2009, a few alumni, wey dey de New York area, gather togeda via telephone conferencing to rebuild de KOSU-Global organization. == Headmasters == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ordinal !Name !Term start !Term end |- |1 |A. D. Addo Yobo |1960 |1965 |- |2 |S. K. Afari |1965 |1972 |- |3 |J. B. Yegbe | |AG |- |4 |H. K. Owusu |1973 |1981 |- |5 |E. K. Gawu |1981 |1984 |- |6 |E. K. Kokorokoi |1984 |1986 |- |7 |I. K. Cudjoe |1986 |1996 |- |8 |Mr F.K Korwu |1996 |2003 |- |9 |Mussah Yamba Issahaku |2003 |2009 |- |10 |Thomas Fourdjour-Ababio |2009 |2017 |- |11 |Gideon Tay<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mornah|first=Kennedy|date=2019-11-28|title=Kadjebi Asato SHS Headmaster cries out; says female students are consuming too much 'wee' toffee|url=https://bestnewsgh.com/kadjebi-asato-shs-headmaster-cries-out-says-female-students-are-consuming-too-much-wee-toffee/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=BestNewsGH}}</ref> |2017 |2020 |- |12 |Daniel K. Lenwah (SVD)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-01|title=Graduating students of Kadjebi-Asato SHS urged to be good ambassadors |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/graduating-students-of-kadjebi-asato-shs-urged-to-be-good-ambassadors/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=Joy Online}}</ref> |2020 |Incumbent |} == Notable alumni == * [[Rashid Bawa]], former member of parliament * [[John Kwadwo Gyapong]], Ghanaian politician * [[Clemence Jackson Honyenuga]], Justice of de [[Supreme Court of Ghana]] (2020–2023) den Paramount Chief of Nyagbo Traditional Area * [[Joseph Kwadwo Ofori]], Ghanaian politician == References == <references /> [[Category:1959 establishments insyd Ghana]] [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Oti Region]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1959]] ncd63qz9h7uxfykgxxet4b3178voqsw 0 31389 116103 2026-11-07T16:10:55Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 Created page with "Bodwesango Senior High School be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Bodwesango|Bodwesango]], for [[Adansi North District]], inside [[Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold presents 4,000 books to 9 SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-presents-4-000-books-to-9-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MSMQ 2019:..." 116103 wikitext text/x-wiki Bodwesango Senior High School be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Bodwesango|Bodwesango]], for [[Adansi North District]], inside [[Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold presents 4,000 books to 9 SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-presents-4-000-books-to-9-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MSMQ 2019: Kumasi SHS Lead The Way As Ashanti Regional Qualifiers Take Off |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/920735/msmq-2019-kumasi-shs-lead-the-way-as-ashanti-regional-quali.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bodwesango Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/bodwesango-senior-high/about |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bodwesango Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/bodwesango-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Histroy == For 2009, di school take part in di Inter-School Debate under di topic: “Leaders are born but not made”, wey dem come second as di first runner-up.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Otumfuo commended for his role in education |url=https://www.businessghana.com/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and halls of residence == == Awards and Recognitions == == Alumni == == Former headteachers == * For 2011, Nana Osarfo Akowuah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bodwesango SHS appeals for science laboratory |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/323371/bodwesango-shs-appeals-for-science-laboratory.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> * For 2021, [[:en:John_Yaw_Afoakwah|John Yaw Afoakwah]] be di Chaplain and teacher for di school.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography of Most Rev. Fr. John Yaw Afoakwah |url=https://www.obuasidiocese.com/obuasi-diocese |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.obuasidiocese.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> == References == h8hmtcbzgat0pfsj6ucwgyqttj8ixkm 116112 116103 2026-11-07T16:12:52Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Bodwesango Senior High School be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Bodwesango|Bodwesango]], for [[Adansi North District]], inside [[Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold presents 4,000 books to 9 SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-presents-4-000-books-to-9-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MSMQ 2019: Kumasi SHS Lead The Way As Ashanti Regional Qualifiers Take Off |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/920735/msmq-2019-kumasi-shs-lead-the-way-as-ashanti-regional-quali.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bodwesango Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/bodwesango-senior-high/about |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bodwesango Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/bodwesango-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Histroy == For 2009, di school take part in di Inter-School Debate under di topic: “Leaders are born but not made”, wey dem come second as di first runner-up.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Otumfuo commended for his role in education |url=https://www.businessghana.com/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and halls of residence == == Awards and Recognitions == == Alumni == == Former headteachers == * For 2011, Nana Osarfo Akowuah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bodwesango SHS appeals for science laboratory |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/323371/bodwesango-shs-appeals-for-science-laboratory.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> * For 2021, [[:en:John_Yaw_Afoakwah|John Yaw Afoakwah]] be di Chaplain and teacher for di school.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography of Most Rev. Fr. John Yaw Afoakwah |url=https://www.obuasidiocese.com/obuasi-diocese |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.obuasidiocese.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> == References == e8heapz0c8q4mjzqlsbgiehmpynep4u 116353 116112 2026-11-07T19:30:54Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Bodwesango Senior High School be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Bodwesango|Bodwesango]], for [[Adansi North District]], inside [[Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold presents 4,000 books to 9 SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-presents-4-000-books-to-9-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MSMQ 2019: Kumasi SHS Lead The Way As Ashanti Regional Qualifiers Take Off |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/920735/msmq-2019-kumasi-shs-lead-the-way-as-ashanti-regional-quali.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bodwesango Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/bodwesango-senior-high/about |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bodwesango Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/bodwesango-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006042135/https://quicaccess.com/school/bodwesango-senior-high-school/ |archive-date=2022-10-06}}</ref> == Histroy == For 2009, di school take part in di Inter-School Debate under di topic: “Leaders are born but not made”, wey dem come second as di first runner-up.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Otumfuo commended for his role in education |url=https://www.businessghana.com/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and halls of residence == == Awards and Recognitions == == Alumni == == Former headteachers == * For 2011, Nana Osarfo Akowuah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bodwesango SHS appeals for science laboratory |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/323371/bodwesango-shs-appeals-for-science-laboratory.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> * For 2021, [[:en:John_Yaw_Afoakwah|John Yaw Afoakwah]] be di Chaplain and teacher for di school.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography of Most Rev. Fr. John Yaw Afoakwah |url=https://www.obuasidiocese.com/obuasi-diocese |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.obuasidiocese.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> == References == ocl5zttl1286ma7r9rwtvlzpk4kgtgv 116383 116353 2026-11-07T23:37:37Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 116383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bodwesango Senior High School''' be mixed second-cycle school wey dey Bodwesango, for Adansi North District, insyd [[Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold presents 4,000 books to 9 SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-presents-4-000-books-to-9-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MSMQ 2019: Kumasi SHS Lead The Way As Ashanti Regional Qualifiers Take Off |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/920735/msmq-2019-kumasi-shs-lead-the-way-as-ashanti-regional-quali.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bodwesango Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/bodwesango-senior-high/about |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bodwesango Senior High School |url=https://quicaccess.com/school/bodwesango-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006042135/https://quicaccess.com/school/bodwesango-senior-high-school/ |archive-date=2022-10-06}}</ref> == Histroy == For 2009, de school take part insyd de Inter-School Debate under de topic: “Leaders are born but not made”, wey dem come second as de first runner-up.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Otumfuo commended for his role in education |url=https://www.businessghana.com/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum den halls of residence == == Awards den Recognitions == == Alumni == == Former headteachers == * For 2011, Nana Osarfo Akowuah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bodwesango SHS appeals for science laboratory |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/323371/bodwesango-shs-appeals-for-science-laboratory.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> * For 2021, John Yaw Afoakwah be de Chaplain den teacher for de school.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography of Most Rev. Fr. John Yaw Afoakwah |url=https://www.obuasidiocese.com/obuasi-diocese |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.obuasidiocese.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Education insyd de Ashanti Region]] [[Category:Mixed schools insyd Ghana]] 494k09wpto6xemow5w8aw23p99copyf 0 31390 116165 2026-11-07T16:26:09Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 Created page with "'''Dompoase Senior High School''' (wey dem also dey call '''DOSS''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Dompoase|Dompoase]], for [[:en:Adansi_North_District|Adansi North District]], insyd [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Early Detection Campaign On Breast Cancer Reach Dompoase SHS In The Ashanti Region |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/health/201502/231210.php |access-date=2022-11-10 |..." 116165 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dompoase Senior High School''' (wey dem also dey call '''DOSS''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Dompoase|Dompoase]], for [[:en:Adansi_North_District|Adansi North District]], insyd [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Early Detection Campaign On Breast Cancer Reach Dompoase SHS In The Ashanti Region |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/health/201502/231210.php |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=Joy Learning Essay Club: Kwakye Rosemary, Maame Akyaa Oppong emerge winners of Ghana Month edition - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/joy-learning-essay-club-kwakye-rosemary-maame-akyaa-oppong-emerge-winners-of-ghana-month-edition/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-25 |title=DOSS Alumini Association in North America holds Annual Meeting |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/DOSS-Alumini-Association-in-North-America-holds-Annual-Meeting-663244 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> [[:en:AngloGold_Ashanti|AngloGold Ashanti]] provides books give di school, [[:en:Akrofuom_Senior_High_Technical_School|Akrofuom SHS]], [[:en:Asare_Bediako_Senior_High_School|Asare Bediako SHS]] and other schools.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold presents 4,000 books to 9 SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-presents-4-000-books-to-9-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> tik3kp94go9a0z1n9ns07p9fiqwhazo 116169 116165 2026-11-07T16:26:56Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116169 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dompoase Senior High School''' (wey dem also dey call '''DOSS''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Dompoase|Dompoase]], for [[:en:Adansi_North_District|Adansi North District]], insyd [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Early Detection Campaign On Breast Cancer Reach Dompoase SHS In The Ashanti Region |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/health/201502/231210.php |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=Joy Learning Essay Club: Kwakye Rosemary, Maame Akyaa Oppong emerge winners of Ghana Month edition - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/joy-learning-essay-club-kwakye-rosemary-maame-akyaa-oppong-emerge-winners-of-ghana-month-edition/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-25 |title=DOSS Alumini Association in North America holds Annual Meeting |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/DOSS-Alumini-Association-in-North-America-holds-Annual-Meeting-663244 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> [[:en:AngloGold_Ashanti|AngloGold Ashanti]] provides books give di school, [[:en:Akrofuom_Senior_High_Technical_School|Akrofuom SHS]], [[:en:Asare_Bediako_Senior_High_School|Asare Bediako SHS]] and other schools.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold presents 4,000 books to 9 SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-presents-4-000-books-to-9-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> == References == 23s9yjkuq3ognt53y7od8jpebqry3lu 116204 116169 2026-11-07T16:33:53Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116204 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dompoase Senior High School''' (wey dem also dey call '''DOSS''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Dompoase|Dompoase]], for [[:en:Adansi_North_District|Adansi North District]], insyd [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Early Detection Campaign On Breast Cancer Reach Dompoase SHS In The Ashanti Region |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/health/201502/231210.php |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=Joy Learning Essay Club: Kwakye Rosemary, Maame Akyaa Oppong emerge winners of Ghana Month edition - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/joy-learning-essay-club-kwakye-rosemary-maame-akyaa-oppong-emerge-winners-of-ghana-month-edition/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-25 |title=DOSS Alumini Association in North America holds Annual Meeting |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/DOSS-Alumini-Association-in-North-America-holds-Annual-Meeting-663244 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> [[:en:AngloGold_Ashanti|AngloGold Ashanti]] provides books give di school, [[:en:Akrofuom_Senior_High_Technical_School|Akrofuom SHS]], [[:en:Asare_Bediako_Senior_High_School|Asare Bediako SHS]] and other schools.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold presents 4,000 books to 9 SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-presents-4-000-books-to-9-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem establish di school for 1974.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dompoase SHS Lacks Basic Infrastructure News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/dompoase-shs-lacks-basic-infrastructure/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alumni == == Former headteachers == * For 2014, Opoku Asamoah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-09 |title=Dompoase SHS students, Senior Prefect arrested for armed robbery - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/dompoase-shs-students-senior-prefect-arrested-for-armed-robbery/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Dompoase school prefect wanted for robbery|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/dompoase-school-prefect-wanted-for-robbery.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> * For 2016, Doris Bimpong.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dompoase SHS Lacks Basic Infrastructure News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/dompoase-shs-lacks-basic-infrastructure/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> * Haruna Oppong be di headmaster of di school.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adansi North: 300 mono desks donated to Dompoase SHS |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Reader/e45e099-1f9c-445b-93 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaDistricts.com}}</ref> == References == dyvgh4eno9oo0kq5iabgdpkfknj59so 116213 116204 2026-11-07T16:35:44Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dompoase Senior High School''' (wey dem also dey call '''DOSS''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Dompoase|Dompoase]], for [[:en:Adansi_North_District|Adansi North District]], insyd [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Early Detection Campaign On Breast Cancer Reach Dompoase SHS In The Ashanti Region |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/health/201502/231210.php |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=Joy Learning Essay Club: Kwakye Rosemary, Maame Akyaa Oppong emerge winners of Ghana Month edition - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/joy-learning-essay-club-kwakye-rosemary-maame-akyaa-oppong-emerge-winners-of-ghana-month-edition/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-25 |title=DOSS Alumini Association in North America holds Annual Meeting |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/DOSS-Alumini-Association-in-North-America-holds-Annual-Meeting-663244 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> [[:en:AngloGold_Ashanti|AngloGold Ashanti]] provides books give di school, [[:en:Akrofuom_Senior_High_Technical_School|Akrofuom SHS]], [[:en:Asare_Bediako_Senior_High_School|Asare Bediako SHS]] and other schools.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold presents 4,000 books to 9 SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-presents-4-000-books-to-9-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem establish di school for 1974.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dompoase SHS Lacks Basic Infrastructure News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/dompoase-shs-lacks-basic-infrastructure/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alumni == == Former headteachers == * For 2014, Opoku Asamoah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-09 |title=Dompoase SHS students, Senior Prefect arrested for armed robbery - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/dompoase-shs-students-senior-prefect-arrested-for-armed-robbery/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Dompoase school prefect wanted for robbery|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/dompoase-school-prefect-wanted-for-robbery.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> * For 2016, Doris Bimpong.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dompoase SHS Lacks Basic Infrastructure News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/dompoase-shs-lacks-basic-infrastructure/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> * Haruna Oppong be di headmaster of di school.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adansi North: 300 mono desks donated to Dompoase SHS |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Reader/e45e099-1f9c-445b-93 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaDistricts.com}}</ref> == References == ga0rvz7o8642fhhjh6781x7z4bnuwtd 116359 116213 2026-11-07T19:51:15Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dompoase Senior High School''' (wey dem also dey call '''DOSS''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey [[:en:Dompoase|Dompoase]], for [[:en:Adansi_North_District|Adansi North District]], insyd [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Early Detection Campaign On Breast Cancer Reach Dompoase SHS In The Ashanti Region |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/health/201502/231210.php |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203163320/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/health/201502/231210.php |archive-date=2024-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=Joy Learning Essay Club: Kwakye Rosemary, Maame Akyaa Oppong emerge winners of Ghana Month edition - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/joy-learning-essay-club-kwakye-rosemary-maame-akyaa-oppong-emerge-winners-of-ghana-month-edition/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-25 |title=DOSS Alumini Association in North America holds Annual Meeting |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/DOSS-Alumini-Association-in-North-America-holds-Annual-Meeting-663244 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> [[:en:AngloGold_Ashanti|AngloGold Ashanti]] provides books give di school, [[:en:Akrofuom_Senior_High_Technical_School|Akrofuom SHS]], [[:en:Asare_Bediako_Senior_High_School|Asare Bediako SHS]] and other schools.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold presents 4,000 books to 9 SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-presents-4-000-books-to-9-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem establish di school for 1974.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dompoase SHS Lacks Basic Infrastructure News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/dompoase-shs-lacks-basic-infrastructure/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum and halls of residence == == Awards and Recognition == == Alumni == == Former headteachers == * For 2014, Opoku Asamoah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-09 |title=Dompoase SHS students, Senior Prefect arrested for armed robbery - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/dompoase-shs-students-senior-prefect-arrested-for-armed-robbery/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Dompoase school prefect wanted for robbery|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/dompoase-school-prefect-wanted-for-robbery.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> * For 2016, Doris Bimpong.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dompoase SHS Lacks Basic Infrastructure News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/dompoase-shs-lacks-basic-infrastructure/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> * Haruna Oppong be di headmaster of di school.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adansi North: 300 mono desks donated to Dompoase SHS |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Reader/e45e099-1f9c-445b-93 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaDistricts.com}}</ref> == References == hor7if7edxuoqqx89pwqqwvvfjluzjk 116469 116359 2026-11-08T10:33:40Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 116469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dompoase Senior High School''' (wey dem sanso dey call '''DOSS''') be mixed second-cycle school wey dey Dompoase, for Adansi North District, insyd [[Ashanti Region]] of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Early Detection Campaign On Breast Cancer Reach Dompoase SHS In The Ashanti Region |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/health/201502/231210.php |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203163320/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/health/201502/231210.php |archive-date=2024-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=Joy Learning Essay Club: Kwakye Rosemary, Maame Akyaa Oppong emerge winners of Ghana Month edition - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/joy-learning-essay-club-kwakye-rosemary-maame-akyaa-oppong-emerge-winners-of-ghana-month-edition/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-25 |title=DOSS Alumini Association in North America holds Annual Meeting |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/DOSS-Alumini-Association-in-North-America-holds-Annual-Meeting-663244 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> AngloGold Ashanti provide books give de school, Akrofuom SHS, [[Asare Bediako Senior High School|Asare Bediako SHS]] den oda schools.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anglogold presents 4,000 books to 9 SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/anglogold-presents-4-000-books-to-9-shs.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem establish de school insyd 1974.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dompoase SHS Lacks Basic Infrastructure News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/dompoase-shs-lacks-basic-infrastructure/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Curriculum den halls of residence == == Awards den Recognition == == Alumni == == Former headteachers == * For 2014, Opoku Asamoah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-09 |title=Dompoase SHS students, Senior Prefect arrested for armed robbery - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/dompoase-shs-students-senior-prefect-arrested-for-armed-robbery/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Dompoase school prefect wanted for robbery|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/dompoase-school-prefect-wanted-for-robbery.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2022-11-10|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> * For 2016, Doris Bimpong.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dompoase SHS Lacks Basic Infrastructure News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/dompoase-shs-lacks-basic-infrastructure/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> * Haruna Oppong be de headmaster of de school.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adansi North: 300 mono desks donated to Dompoase SHS |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Reader/e45e099-1f9c-445b-93 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=GhanaDistricts.com}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:1974 establishments insyd Ghana]] [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1974]] [[Category:Mixed schools insyd Ghana]] 8xpsq3igd4q8a7jypz88a4rf9hzgibp 0 31391 116166 2026-11-07T16:26:19Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 Created page with "== Oda Senior High School ==" 116166 wikitext text/x-wiki == Oda Senior High School == bvzl635amr8wuk995wbtltuk6mdezei 116172 116166 2026-11-07T16:27:24Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116172 wikitext text/x-wiki == Oda Senior High School == '''Oda Senior High School''' (ODASCO) be a co-educational second-cycle institution wey dey Akim Oda, situated in de Birim Central Municipal District in de Eastern Region of Ghana a2fvcrj55k818d2wlcd7qo0r0hmgtnh 116175 116172 2026-11-07T16:28:12Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116175 wikitext text/x-wiki == Oda Senior High School == '''Oda Senior High School''' (ODASCO) be a co-educational second-cycle institution wey dey Akim Oda, situated in de Birim Central Municipal District in de Eastern Region of Ghana<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=Old students of Oda SHS donate hospital equipment to alma mater |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Old-students-of-Oda-SHS-donate-hospital-equipment-to-alma-mater-668813 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> 41mzl6hv1jqq1mmwu4ny4zbtvgthwxu 116180 116175 2026-11-07T16:28:44Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116180 wikitext text/x-wiki == Oda Senior High School == '''Oda Senior High School''' (ODASCO) be a co-educational second-cycle institution wey dey Akim Oda, situated in de Birim Central Municipal District in de Eastern Region of Ghana<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=Old students of Oda SHS donate hospital equipment to alma mater |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Old-students-of-Oda-SHS-donate-hospital-equipment-to-alma-mater-668813 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> == REFERENCE == 7kqa4amd7bvsjxkho27tgn8awa7g827 116184 116180 2026-11-07T16:29:26Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116184 wikitext text/x-wiki == Oda Senior High School == '''Oda Senior High School''' (ODASCO) be a co-educational second-cycle institution wey dey Akim Oda, situated in de Birim Central Municipal District in de Eastern Region of Ghana<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=Old students of Oda SHS donate hospital equipment to alma mater |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Old-students-of-Oda-SHS-donate-hospital-equipment-to-alma-mater-668813 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/160451/government-spend-gh160m-on-oda-senior-high-school.html|title=Government Spend GH¢160m On Oda Senior High School|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref> == REFERENCE == jj7r4nz7xlpr5w387cr7rlkhtqulfbo 116191 116184 2026-11-07T16:30:16Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116191 wikitext text/x-wiki == Oda Senior High School == '''Oda Senior High School''' (ODASCO) be a co-educational second-cycle institution wey dey Akim Oda, situated in de Birim Central Municipal District in de Eastern Region of Ghana<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=Old students of Oda SHS donate hospital equipment to alma mater |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Old-students-of-Oda-SHS-donate-hospital-equipment-to-alma-mater-668813 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/160451/government-spend-gh160m-on-oda-senior-high-school.html|title=Government Spend GH¢160m On Oda Senior High School|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-09-07 |title=Oda Senior High School |url=https://africaschoolsonline.com/user/odaaedu-gh/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Africa Schools Online}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> == REFERENCE == jdwpqhvz1bq651qt2htkk9njv1cf3yu 116194 116191 2026-11-07T16:30:48Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116194 wikitext text/x-wiki == Oda Senior High School == '''Oda Senior High School''' (ODASCO) be a co-educational second-cycle institution wey dey Akim Oda, situated in de Birim Central Municipal District in de Eastern Region of Ghana<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=Old students of Oda SHS donate hospital equipment to alma mater |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Old-students-of-Oda-SHS-donate-hospital-equipment-to-alma-mater-668813 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/160451/government-spend-gh160m-on-oda-senior-high-school.html|title=Government Spend GH¢160m On Oda Senior High School|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-09-07 |title=Oda Senior High School |url=https://africaschoolsonline.com/user/odaaedu-gh/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Africa Schools Online}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=citifmonline}}</ref> == REFERENCE == 3r9kynebchztrvbj285t5zo1b9jbtu1 116200 116194 2026-11-07T16:32:33Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116200 wikitext text/x-wiki == Oda Senior High School == '''Oda Senior High School''' (ODASCO) be a co-educational second-cycle institution wey dey Akim Oda, situated in de Birim Central Municipal District in de Eastern Region of Ghana<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=Old students of Oda SHS donate hospital equipment to alma mater |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Old-students-of-Oda-SHS-donate-hospital-equipment-to-alma-mater-668813 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/160451/government-spend-gh160m-on-oda-senior-high-school.html|title=Government Spend GH¢160m On Oda Senior High School|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-09-07 |title=Oda Senior High School |url=https://africaschoolsonline.com/user/odaaedu-gh/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Africa Schools Online}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=citifmonline}}</ref> De school offer courses like General Science, Agriculture, Business, Visual Arts, Home Economics den General Arts. Because of dema performance in WASSCE, dem ranked dem among category B. == REFERENCE == 6jfb1vo9o81dw9xpl3icobqxxtmtuxm 116281 116200 2026-11-07T16:54:53Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116281 wikitext text/x-wiki == Oda Senior High School == '''Oda Senior High School''' (ODASCO) be a co-educational second-cycle institution wey dey Akim Oda, situated in de Birim Central Municipal District in de Eastern Region of Ghana<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=Old students of Oda SHS donate hospital equipment to alma mater |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Old-students-of-Oda-SHS-donate-hospital-equipment-to-alma-mater-668813 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/160451/government-spend-gh160m-on-oda-senior-high-school.html|title=Government Spend GH¢160m On Oda Senior High School|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-09-07 |title=Oda Senior High School |url=https://africaschoolsonline.com/user/odaaedu-gh/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Africa Schools Online}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=citifmonline}}</ref> De school offer courses like General Science, Agriculture, Business, Visual Arts, Home Economics den General Arts. Because of dema performance in WASSCE, dem ranked dem among category B. == History == De school was established in 1960 with only 95 students.<ref name=":0" /> The Erstwhile Ghana Educational Trust (GET) == REFERENCE == mfafw3zxikoyd47vx5z8korpic7wf5t 116283 116281 2026-11-07T16:55:53Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116283 wikitext text/x-wiki == Oda Senior High School == '''Oda Senior High School''' (ODASCO) be a co-educational second-cycle institution wey dey Akim Oda, situated in de Birim Central Municipal District in de Eastern Region of Ghana<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=Old students of Oda SHS donate hospital equipment to alma mater |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Old-students-of-Oda-SHS-donate-hospital-equipment-to-alma-mater-668813 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/160451/government-spend-gh160m-on-oda-senior-high-school.html|title=Government Spend GH¢160m On Oda Senior High School|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-09-07 |title=Oda Senior High School |url=https://africaschoolsonline.com/user/odaaedu-gh/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Africa Schools Online}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=citifmonline}}</ref> De school offer courses like General Science, Agriculture, Business, Visual Arts, Home Economics den General Arts. Because of dema performance in WASSCE, dem ranked dem among category B. == History == De school was established in 1960 with only 95 students.De Erstwhile Ghana Educational Trust (GET) == REFERENCE == 9vfhlf3m08ioajj2km8acgn5dyn85k5 116285 116283 2026-11-07T16:57:13Z TSIGBAGLI CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2573 116285 wikitext text/x-wiki == Oda Senior High School == '''Oda Senior High School''' (ODASCO) be a co-educational second-cycle institution wey dey Akim Oda, situated in de Birim Central Municipal District in de Eastern Region of Ghana<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=Old students of Oda SHS donate hospital equipment to alma mater |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Old-students-of-Oda-SHS-donate-hospital-equipment-to-alma-mater-668813 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/160451/government-spend-gh160m-on-oda-senior-high-school.html|title=Government Spend GH¢160m On Oda Senior High School|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-09-07 |title=Oda Senior High School |url=https://africaschoolsonline.com/user/odaaedu-gh/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Africa Schools Online}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=citifmonline}}</ref> De school offer courses like General Science, Agriculture, Business, Visual Arts, Home Economics den General Arts. Because of dema performance in WASSCE, dem ranked dem among category B. == History == De school was established in 1960 with only 95 students.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US}}</ref>De Erstwhile Ghana Educational Trust (GET) == REFERENCE == 48p36ysg8sapskaf726zqs9ugjdn25a 116366 116285 2026-11-07T21:51:26Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 116366 wikitext text/x-wiki == Oda Senior High School == '''Oda Senior High School''' (ODASCO) be a co-educational second-cycle institution wey dey Akim Oda, situated in de Birim Central Municipal District in de Eastern Region of Ghana<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=Old students of Oda SHS donate hospital equipment to alma mater |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Old-students-of-Oda-SHS-donate-hospital-equipment-to-alma-mater-668813 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/160451/government-spend-gh160m-on-oda-senior-high-school.html|title=Government Spend GH¢160m On Oda Senior High School|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-09-07 |title=Oda Senior High School |url=https://africaschoolsonline.com/user/odaaedu-gh/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Africa Schools Online}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121001504/https://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-date=2025-01-21 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=citifmonline}}</ref> De school offer courses like General Science, Agriculture, Business, Visual Arts, Home Economics den General Arts. Because of dema performance in WASSCE, dem ranked dem among category B. == History == De school was established in 1960 with only 95 students.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121001504/https://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-date=2025-01-21}}</ref>De Erstwhile Ghana Educational Trust (GET) == REFERENCE == k2xwg3y3jmekdtqmv422nh6yhvu77le 116471 116366 2026-11-08T10:50:04Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oda Senior High School''' (ODASCO) be a co-educational second-cycle institution wey dey Akim Oda, situated insyd de Birim Central Municipal District insyd de Eastern Region of Ghana<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=Old students of Oda SHS donate hospital equipment to alma mater |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Old-students-of-Oda-SHS-donate-hospital-equipment-to-alma-mater-668813 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/160451/government-spend-gh160m-on-oda-senior-high-school.html|title=Government Spend GH¢160m On Oda Senior High School|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-09-07 |title=Oda Senior High School |url=https://africaschoolsonline.com/user/odaaedu-gh/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Africa Schools Online}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121001504/https://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-date=2025-01-21 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=citifmonline}}</ref> De school dey offer courses like General Science, Agriculture, Business, Visual Arts, Home Economics den General Arts. Secof dema performance insyd WASSCE, dem rank dem among category B. == History == Dem establish de school insyd 1960 plus only 95 students.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121001504/https://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-date=2025-01-21}}</ref> De Erstwhile Ghana Educational Trust (GET) under de chairmanship of Nana Ayirebi Acquah of [[Winneba]], establish de school situated at Oda Eastern Region of Ghana insyd de Birim South District as a co-educational boarding institution insyd September 1960 during de [[Kwame Nkrumah|Nkrumah]] regime. == References == l54btusbavlf9uk9xjlvp2xf5x1hy6j 116474 116471 2026-11-08T10:57:24Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oda Senior High School''' (ODASCO) be a co-educational second-cycle institution wey dey Akim Oda, situated insyd de Birim Central Municipal District insyd de Eastern Region of Ghana<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=Old students of Oda SHS donate hospital equipment to alma mater |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Old-students-of-Oda-SHS-donate-hospital-equipment-to-alma-mater-668813 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/160451/government-spend-gh160m-on-oda-senior-high-school.html|title=Government Spend GH¢160m On Oda Senior High School|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-09-07 |title=Oda Senior High School |url=https://africaschoolsonline.com/user/odaaedu-gh/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Africa Schools Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121001504/https://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-date=2025-01-21 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=citifmonline}}</ref> De school dey offer courses like General Science, Agriculture, Business, Visual Arts, Home Economics den General Arts. Secof dema performance insyd WASSCE, dem rank dem among category B. == History == Dem establish de school insyd 1960 plus only 95 students.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121001504/https://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-date=2025-01-21}}</ref> De Erstwhile Ghana Educational Trust (GET) under de chairmanship of Nana Ayirebi Acquah of [[Winneba]], establish de school situated at Oda Eastern Region of Ghana insyd de Birim South District as a co-educational boarding institution insyd September 1960 during de [[Kwame Nkrumah|Nkrumah]] regime. == Enrollment == As of 2015, Oda Senior High School get a student population of 2,242 students.<ref name=":1" /> == Headmasters den Headmistresses == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Name !Tenure |- |David Afosah-Anim |2003 - 2015 |- |Francis K. Appiah |2008- 2019 |- |Madam Philomena |2019-2021 |- |Mr. Evans Boafo |2021-2025 |- |Mr. Eric Amoah |2025–present |- | | |} == References == 9rnm2xyg156h67rvm0rum9u1wn822fw 116478 116474 2026-11-08T10:59:31Z DaSupremo 9 /* Alumni */ Improve article 116478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oda Senior High School''' (ODASCO) be a co-educational second-cycle institution wey dey Akim Oda, situated insyd de Birim Central Municipal District insyd de Eastern Region of Ghana<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=Old students of Oda SHS donate hospital equipment to alma mater |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Old-students-of-Oda-SHS-donate-hospital-equipment-to-alma-mater-668813 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/160451/government-spend-gh160m-on-oda-senior-high-school.html|title=Government Spend GH¢160m On Oda Senior High School|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-09-07 |title=Oda Senior High School |url=https://africaschoolsonline.com/user/odaaedu-gh/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Africa Schools Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121001504/https://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-date=2025-01-21 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=citifmonline}}</ref> De school dey offer courses like General Science, Agriculture, Business, Visual Arts, Home Economics den General Arts. Secof dema performance insyd WASSCE, dem rank dem among category B. == History == Dem establish de school insyd 1960 plus only 95 students.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121001504/https://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-date=2025-01-21}}</ref> De Erstwhile Ghana Educational Trust (GET) under de chairmanship of Nana Ayirebi Acquah of [[Winneba]], establish de school situated at Oda Eastern Region of Ghana insyd de Birim South District as a co-educational boarding institution insyd September 1960 during de [[Kwame Nkrumah|Nkrumah]] regime. == Enrollment == As of 2015, Oda Senior High School get a student population of 2,242 students.<ref name=":1" /> == Headmasters den Headmistresses == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Name !Tenure |- |David Afosah-Anim |2003 - 2015 |- |Francis K. Appiah |2008- 2019 |- |Madam Philomena |2019-2021 |- |Mr. Evans Boafo |2021-2025 |- |Mr. Eric Amoah |2025–present |- | | |} == Alumni == * [[Edward Amoako Asante]], Ghanaian judge * [[Albert Antwi-Boasiako]], public servant * [[Akua Sarpong-Ayisa]], Ghanaian entrepreneur * [[Sammy Flex]], journalist * [[William Quaitoo]], politician == References == iftwg02s3c00nfuhwckgjdpwtup77gg 116480 116478 2026-11-08T11:05:26Z DaSupremo 9 Add categories 116480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oda Senior High School''' (ODASCO) be a co-educational second-cycle institution wey dey Akim Oda, situated insyd de Birim Central Municipal District insyd de Eastern Region of Ghana<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=Old students of Oda SHS donate hospital equipment to alma mater |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Old-students-of-Oda-SHS-donate-hospital-equipment-to-alma-mater-668813 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/160451/government-spend-gh160m-on-oda-senior-high-school.html|title=Government Spend GH¢160m On Oda Senior High School|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-09-07 |title=Oda Senior High School |url=https://africaschoolsonline.com/user/odaaedu-gh/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Africa Schools Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121001504/https://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-date=2025-01-21 |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=citifmonline}}</ref> De school dey offer courses like General Science, Agriculture, Business, Visual Arts, Home Economics den General Arts. Secof dema performance insyd WASSCE, dem rank dem among category B. == History == Dem establish de school insyd 1960 plus only 95 students.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2015-12-10 |title=Oda students receive 'Amissah Arthur Leadership' award |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |access-date=2019-09-07 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121001504/https://citifmonline.com/2015/12/oda-students-receive-amissah-arthur-leadership-award/ |archive-date=2025-01-21}}</ref> De Erstwhile Ghana Educational Trust (GET) under de chairmanship of Nana Ayirebi Acquah of [[Winneba]], establish de school situated at Oda Eastern Region of Ghana insyd de Birim South District as a co-educational boarding institution insyd September 1960 during de [[Kwame Nkrumah|Nkrumah]] regime. == Enrollment == As of 2015, Oda Senior High School get a student population of 2,242 students.<ref name=":1" /> == Headmasters den Headmistresses == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Name !Tenure |- |David Afosah-Anim |2003 - 2015 |- |Francis K. Appiah |2008- 2019 |- |Madam Philomena |2019-2021 |- |Mr. Evans Boafo |2021-2025 |- |Mr. Eric Amoah |2025–present |- | | |} == Alumni == * [[Edward Amoako Asante]], Ghanaian judge * [[Albert Antwi-Boasiako]], public servant * [[Akua Sarpong-Ayisa]], Ghanaian entrepreneur * [[Sammy Flex]], journalist * [[William Quaitoo]], politician == References == <references /> [[Category:High schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1960]] [[Category:Public schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Education insyd de Eastern Region (Ghana)]] [[Category:1960 establishments insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Mixed schools insyd Ghana]] qkhlaae5xj3da22yb9uqgcuqbwvjo1j 0 31392 116237 2026-11-07T16:40:50Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 Created page with "'''Konongo Odumase Senior High School''' be mixed second-cycle school wey both boys and girls dey attend. Di school dey [[:en:Konongo,_Ghana|Konongo-Odumase]], for [[:en:Asante_Akim_North_Municipal_District|Asante Akim Central District]], inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2010 |title=Konongo Odumase SHS Old Students Hold 3rd Inter Tertiary Congress |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/265062/1/konongo-odumase-shs-..." 116237 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Konongo Odumase Senior High School''' be mixed second-cycle school wey both boys and girls dey attend. Di school dey [[:en:Konongo,_Ghana|Konongo-Odumase]], for [[:en:Asante_Akim_North_Municipal_District|Asante Akim Central District]], inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2010 |title=Konongo Odumase SHS Old Students Hold 3rd Inter Tertiary Congress |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/265062/1/konongo-odumase-shs-old-students-hold-3rd-inter-te.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]] (via Modernghana.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana » Ashanti Region » Asante Akim North District |url=http://asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=nws&read=13638 |access-date=27 May 2015 |website=asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh}}</ref> prht6mtagzdv00j6o6slnhzj6f110ou 116257 116237 2026-11-07T16:44:19Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116257 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Konongo Odumase Senior High School''' be mixed second-cycle school wey both boys and girls dey attend. Di school dey [[:en:Konongo,_Ghana|Konongo-Odumase]], for [[:en:Asante_Akim_North_Municipal_District|Asante Akim Central District]], inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2010 |title=Konongo Odumase SHS Old Students Hold 3rd Inter Tertiary Congress |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/265062/1/konongo-odumase-shs-old-students-hold-3rd-inter-te.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]] (via Modernghana.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana » Ashanti Region » Asante Akim North District |url=http://asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=nws&read=13638 |access-date=27 May 2015 |website=asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem start di school as '''Konongo Odumasi Secondary School''', but dem change di name to Konongo Odumase Senior High School around 2005, when di [[:en:Kufuor_government|Kufuor government]] decide to change di names of all senior secondary schools for di country to senior high schools.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 April 2012 |title=Nana Konadu: Renaming of JSS & SSS to JHS & SHS needless |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/nana-konadu-renaming-of-jss-sss-to-jhs-shs-needless/ |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=NewsGhana.com.gh |publisher=NewsGhana}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Antwi II |first1=Nana Kofi |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11925253 |title=Asante-Akyem Odumase : a historical perspective |date=2015 |publisher=Advent Press |isbn=9789988224479 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref> Dis one be part of di “Accelerated Development Plan for Education” wey dem start after Kwame Nkrumah ein Convention People's Party win di 1951 Gold Coast Legislative Election. == References == gwbeoad002kyh5mphdkss0aryhqrws6 116262 116257 2026-11-07T16:45:30Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116262 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Konongo Odumase Senior High School''' be mixed second-cycle school wey both boys and girls dey attend. Di school dey [[:en:Konongo,_Ghana|Konongo-Odumase]], for [[:en:Asante_Akim_North_Municipal_District|Asante Akim Central District]], inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2010 |title=Konongo Odumase SHS Old Students Hold 3rd Inter Tertiary Congress |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/265062/1/konongo-odumase-shs-old-students-hold-3rd-inter-te.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]] (via Modernghana.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana » Ashanti Region » Asante Akim North District |url=http://asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=nws&read=13638 |access-date=27 May 2015 |website=asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem start di school as '''Konongo Odumasi Secondary School''', but dem change di name to Konongo Odumase Senior High School around 2005, when di [[:en:Kufuor_government|Kufuor government]] decide to change di names of all senior secondary schools for di country to senior high schools.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 April 2012 |title=Nana Konadu: Renaming of JSS & SSS to JHS & SHS needless |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/nana-konadu-renaming-of-jss-sss-to-jhs-shs-needless/ |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=NewsGhana.com.gh |publisher=NewsGhana}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Antwi II |first1=Nana Kofi |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11925253 |title=Asante-Akyem Odumase : a historical perspective |date=2015 |publisher=Advent Press |isbn=9789988224479 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref> Dis one be part of di “Accelerated Development Plan for Education” wey dem start after [[:en:Kwame_Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] ein [[:en:Convention_People's_Party|Convention People's Party]] win di 1951 Gold Coast Legislative Election. == References == a0uvqyyziv6dy53t14oxzhonj8jsww1 116268 116262 2026-11-07T16:47:20Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116268 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Konongo Odumase Senior High School''' be mixed second-cycle school wey both boys and girls dey attend. Di school dey [[:en:Konongo,_Ghana|Konongo-Odumase]], for [[:en:Asante_Akim_North_Municipal_District|Asante Akim Central District]], inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2010 |title=Konongo Odumase SHS Old Students Hold 3rd Inter Tertiary Congress |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/265062/1/konongo-odumase-shs-old-students-hold-3rd-inter-te.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]] (via Modernghana.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana » Ashanti Region » Asante Akim North District |url=http://asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=nws&read=13638 |access-date=27 May 2015 |website=asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem start di school as '''Konongo Odumasi Secondary School''', but dem change di name to Konongo Odumase Senior High School around 2005, when di [[:en:Kufuor_government|Kufuor government]] decide to change di names of all senior secondary schools for di country to senior high schools.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 April 2012 |title=Nana Konadu: Renaming of JSS & SSS to JHS & SHS needless |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/nana-konadu-renaming-of-jss-sss-to-jhs-shs-needless/ |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=NewsGhana.com.gh |publisher=NewsGhana}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Antwi II |first1=Nana Kofi |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11925253 |title=Asante-Akyem Odumase : a historical perspective |date=2015 |publisher=Advent Press |isbn=9789988224479 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref> Dis one be part of di “Accelerated Development Plan for Education” wey dem start after [[:en:Kwame_Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] ein [[:en:Convention_People's_Party|Convention People's Party]] win di [[:en:1951_Gold_Coast_legislative_election|1951 Gold Coast Legislative Election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> == References == occ0q0pe63xf7sgvnnpxlnpmf41isn5 116271 116268 2026-11-07T16:48:08Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116271 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Konongo Odumase Senior High School''' be mixed second-cycle school wey both boys and girls dey attend. Di school dey [[:en:Konongo,_Ghana|Konongo-Odumase]], for [[:en:Asante_Akim_North_Municipal_District|Asante Akim Central District]], inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2010 |title=Konongo Odumase SHS Old Students Hold 3rd Inter Tertiary Congress |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/265062/1/konongo-odumase-shs-old-students-hold-3rd-inter-te.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]] (via Modernghana.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana » Ashanti Region » Asante Akim North District |url=http://asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=nws&read=13638 |access-date=27 May 2015 |website=asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem start di school as '''Konongo Odumasi Secondary School''', but dem change di name to Konongo Odumase Senior High School around 2005, when di [[:en:Kufuor_government|Kufuor government]] decide to change di names of all senior secondary schools for di country to senior high schools.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 April 2012 |title=Nana Konadu: Renaming of JSS & SSS to JHS & SHS needless |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/nana-konadu-renaming-of-jss-sss-to-jhs-shs-needless/ |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=NewsGhana.com.gh |publisher=NewsGhana}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Antwi II |first1=Nana Kofi |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11925253 |title=Asante-Akyem Odumase : a historical perspective |date=2015 |publisher=Advent Press |isbn=9789988224479 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref> Dis one be part of di “Accelerated Development Plan for Education” wey dem start after [[:en:Kwame_Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] ein [[:en:Convention_People's_Party|Convention People's Party]] win di [[:en:1951_Gold_Coast_legislative_election|1951 Gold Coast Legislative Election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Two important teachers wey dey among di first teachers for di school na D. A. Agyei and B. Spio-Garbrah. Di school move go ein current permanent site for 1963. Dem nickname di original school site “Biafra”, after di secessionist state of Biafra wey dem associate with di Nigerian Civil War. == References == kilvitc110sd6mdi2ah6kp4quaanaca 116274 116271 2026-11-07T16:49:30Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116274 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Konongo Odumase Senior High School''' be mixed second-cycle school wey both boys and girls dey attend. Di school dey [[:en:Konongo,_Ghana|Konongo-Odumase]], for [[:en:Asante_Akim_North_Municipal_District|Asante Akim Central District]], inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2010 |title=Konongo Odumase SHS Old Students Hold 3rd Inter Tertiary Congress |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/265062/1/konongo-odumase-shs-old-students-hold-3rd-inter-te.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]] (via Modernghana.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana » Ashanti Region » Asante Akim North District |url=http://asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=nws&read=13638 |access-date=27 May 2015 |website=asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem start di school as '''Konongo Odumasi Secondary School''', but dem change di name to Konongo Odumase Senior High School around 2005, when di [[:en:Kufuor_government|Kufuor government]] decide to change di names of all senior secondary schools for di country to senior high schools.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 April 2012 |title=Nana Konadu: Renaming of JSS & SSS to JHS & SHS needless |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/nana-konadu-renaming-of-jss-sss-to-jhs-shs-needless/ |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=NewsGhana.com.gh |publisher=NewsGhana}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Antwi II |first1=Nana Kofi |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11925253 |title=Asante-Akyem Odumase : a historical perspective |date=2015 |publisher=Advent Press |isbn=9789988224479 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref> Dis one be part of di “Accelerated Development Plan for Education” wey dem start after [[:en:Kwame_Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] ein [[:en:Convention_People's_Party|Convention People's Party]] win di [[:en:1951_Gold_Coast_legislative_election|1951 Gold Coast Legislative Election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Two important teachers wey dey among di first teachers for di school na D. A. Agyei and B. Spio-Garbrah. Di school move go ein current permanent site for 1963. Dem nickname di original school site “Biafra”, after di [[:en:Secession|secessionist]] state of [[:en:Biafra|Biafra]] wey dem associate with di [[:en:Nigerian_Civil_War|Nigerian Civil War]]. == References == 9gtnyfctpxaf3it2olfw7xgazjxaqi7 116277 116274 2026-11-07T16:51:42Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116277 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Konongo Odumase Senior High School''' be mixed second-cycle school wey both boys and girls dey attend. Di school dey [[:en:Konongo,_Ghana|Konongo-Odumase]], for [[:en:Asante_Akim_North_Municipal_District|Asante Akim Central District]], inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2010 |title=Konongo Odumase SHS Old Students Hold 3rd Inter Tertiary Congress |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/265062/1/konongo-odumase-shs-old-students-hold-3rd-inter-te.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]] (via Modernghana.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana » Ashanti Region » Asante Akim North District |url=http://asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=nws&read=13638 |access-date=27 May 2015 |website=asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem start di school as '''Konongo Odumasi Secondary School''', but dem change di name to Konongo Odumase Senior High School around 2005, when di [[:en:Kufuor_government|Kufuor government]] decide to change di names of all senior secondary schools for di country to senior high schools.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 April 2012 |title=Nana Konadu: Renaming of JSS & SSS to JHS & SHS needless |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/nana-konadu-renaming-of-jss-sss-to-jhs-shs-needless/ |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=NewsGhana.com.gh |publisher=NewsGhana}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Antwi II |first1=Nana Kofi |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11925253 |title=Asante-Akyem Odumase : a historical perspective |date=2015 |publisher=Advent Press |isbn=9789988224479 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref> Dis one be part of di “Accelerated Development Plan for Education” wey dem start after [[:en:Kwame_Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] ein [[:en:Convention_People's_Party|Convention People's Party]] win di [[:en:1951_Gold_Coast_legislative_election|1951 Gold Coast Legislative Election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Two important teachers wey dey among di first teachers for di school na D. A. Agyei and B. Spio-Garbrah. Di school move go ein current permanent site for 1963. Dem nickname di original school site “Biafra”, after di [[:en:Secession|secessionist]] state of [[:en:Biafra|Biafra]] wey dem associate with di [[:en:Nigerian_Civil_War|Nigerian Civil War]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> == References == bbd7f7v6dl8r5vo1225vbpsgv7n0x73 116279 116277 2026-11-07T16:53:16Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116279 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Konongo Odumase Senior High School''' be mixed second-cycle school wey both boys and girls dey attend. Di school dey [[:en:Konongo,_Ghana|Konongo-Odumase]], for [[:en:Asante_Akim_North_Municipal_District|Asante Akim Central District]], inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2010 |title=Konongo Odumase SHS Old Students Hold 3rd Inter Tertiary Congress |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/265062/1/konongo-odumase-shs-old-students-hold-3rd-inter-te.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]] (via Modernghana.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana » Ashanti Region » Asante Akim North District |url=http://asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=nws&read=13638 |access-date=27 May 2015 |website=asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem start di school as '''Konongo Odumasi Secondary School''', but dem change di name to Konongo Odumase Senior High School around 2005, when di [[:en:Kufuor_government|Kufuor government]] decide to change di names of all senior secondary schools for di country to senior high schools.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 April 2012 |title=Nana Konadu: Renaming of JSS & SSS to JHS & SHS needless |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/nana-konadu-renaming-of-jss-sss-to-jhs-shs-needless/ |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=NewsGhana.com.gh |publisher=NewsGhana}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Antwi II |first1=Nana Kofi |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11925253 |title=Asante-Akyem Odumase : a historical perspective |date=2015 |publisher=Advent Press |isbn=9789988224479 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref> Dis one be part of di “Accelerated Development Plan for Education” wey dem start after [[:en:Kwame_Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] ein [[:en:Convention_People's_Party|Convention People's Party]] win di [[:en:1951_Gold_Coast_legislative_election|1951 Gold Coast Legislative Election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Two important teachers wey dey among di first teachers for di school na D. A. Agyei and B. Spio-Garbrah. Di school move go ein current permanent site for 1963. Dem nickname di original school site “Biafra”, after di [[:en:Secession|secessionist]] state of [[:en:Biafra|Biafra]] wey dem associate with di [[:en:Nigerian_Civil_War|Nigerian Civil War]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Di school expand make e include Sixth Form, wey dem dey run Advanced Level courses for di 1965/1966 academic year. B. Spio-Garbrah, wey be di first headmaster of di school and also an artist, na ein design di school crest. Di first head boy of di school be S. K. Obeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Konongo Odumasi Senior High School move from Category B go Category A after di 2023 [[:en:West_African_Senior_School_Certificate_Examination|WASSCE]] examination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Konongo Odumase Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/konongo-odumase-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=www.schoolsingh.com}}</ref> == References == nn46xd8jg6ko90zzbsg5h6drccic1z8 116284 116279 2026-11-07T16:56:51Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116284 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Konongo Odumase Senior High School''' be mixed second-cycle school wey both boys and girls dey attend. Di school dey [[:en:Konongo,_Ghana|Konongo-Odumase]], for [[:en:Asante_Akim_North_Municipal_District|Asante Akim Central District]], inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2010 |title=Konongo Odumase SHS Old Students Hold 3rd Inter Tertiary Congress |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/265062/1/konongo-odumase-shs-old-students-hold-3rd-inter-te.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]] (via Modernghana.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana » Ashanti Region » Asante Akim North District |url=http://asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=nws&read=13638 |access-date=27 May 2015 |website=asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem start di school as '''Konongo Odumasi Secondary School''', but dem change di name to Konongo Odumase Senior High School around 2005, when di [[:en:Kufuor_government|Kufuor government]] decide to change di names of all senior secondary schools for di country to senior high schools.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 April 2012 |title=Nana Konadu: Renaming of JSS & SSS to JHS & SHS needless |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/nana-konadu-renaming-of-jss-sss-to-jhs-shs-needless/ |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=NewsGhana.com.gh |publisher=NewsGhana}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Antwi II |first1=Nana Kofi |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11925253 |title=Asante-Akyem Odumase : a historical perspective |date=2015 |publisher=Advent Press |isbn=9789988224479 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref> Dis one be part of di “Accelerated Development Plan for Education” wey dem start after [[:en:Kwame_Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] ein [[:en:Convention_People's_Party|Convention People's Party]] win di [[:en:1951_Gold_Coast_legislative_election|1951 Gold Coast Legislative Election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Two important teachers wey dey among di first teachers for di school na D. A. Agyei and B. Spio-Garbrah. Di school move go ein current permanent site for 1963. Dem nickname di original school site “Biafra”, after di [[:en:Secession|secessionist]] state of [[:en:Biafra|Biafra]] wey dem associate with di [[:en:Nigerian_Civil_War|Nigerian Civil War]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Di school expand make e include Sixth Form, wey dem dey run Advanced Level courses for di 1965/1966 academic year. B. Spio-Garbrah, wey be di first headmaster of di school and also an artist, na ein design di school crest. Di first head boy of di school be S. K. Obeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Konongo Odumasi Senior High School move from Category B go Category A after di 2023 [[:en:West_African_Senior_School_Certificate_Examination|WASSCE]] examination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Konongo Odumase Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/konongo-odumase-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=www.schoolsingh.com}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Awards and recognition == == Alumni == == Riots == For November 2016, some students for di school cause riots wey make dem temporarily close di school. Dis happen because di students want make dem remove di headmistress of di school.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 2016 |title=Konongo-Odumase SHS closed down |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Konongo-Odumase-SHS-closed-down-490199 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=Ghanaweb.com |publisher=GhanaWeb}}</ref> == References == 0z1jcnd5n19f2e9qi6bepvkllrgtts3 116297 116284 2026-11-07T17:00:40Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Konongo Odumase Senior High School''' be mixed second-cycle school wey both boys and girls dey attend. Di school dey [[:en:Konongo,_Ghana|Konongo-Odumase]], for [[:en:Asante_Akim_North_Municipal_District|Asante Akim Central District]], inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2010 |title=Konongo Odumase SHS Old Students Hold 3rd Inter Tertiary Congress |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/265062/1/konongo-odumase-shs-old-students-hold-3rd-inter-te.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]] (via Modernghana.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana » Ashanti Region » Asante Akim North District |url=http://asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=nws&read=13638 |access-date=27 May 2015 |website=asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem start di school as '''Konongo Odumasi Secondary School''', but dem change di name to Konongo Odumase Senior High School around 2005, when di [[:en:Kufuor_government|Kufuor government]] decide to change di names of all senior secondary schools for di country to senior high schools.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 April 2012 |title=Nana Konadu: Renaming of JSS & SSS to JHS & SHS needless |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/nana-konadu-renaming-of-jss-sss-to-jhs-shs-needless/ |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=NewsGhana.com.gh |publisher=NewsGhana}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Antwi II |first1=Nana Kofi |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11925253 |title=Asante-Akyem Odumase : a historical perspective |date=2015 |publisher=Advent Press |isbn=9789988224479 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref> Dis one be part of di “Accelerated Development Plan for Education” wey dem start after [[:en:Kwame_Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] ein [[:en:Convention_People's_Party|Convention People's Party]] win di [[:en:1951_Gold_Coast_legislative_election|1951 Gold Coast Legislative Election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Two important teachers wey dey among di first teachers for di school na D. A. Agyei and B. Spio-Garbrah. Di school move go ein current permanent site for 1963. Dem nickname di original school site “Biafra”, after di [[:en:Secession|secessionist]] state of [[:en:Biafra|Biafra]] wey dem associate with di [[:en:Nigerian_Civil_War|Nigerian Civil War]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Di school expand make e include Sixth Form, wey dem dey run Advanced Level courses for di 1965/1966 academic year. B. Spio-Garbrah, wey be di first headmaster of di school and also an artist, na ein design di school crest. Di first head boy of di school be S. K. Obeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Konongo Odumasi Senior High School move from Category B go Category A after di 2023 [[:en:West_African_Senior_School_Certificate_Examination|WASSCE]] examination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Konongo Odumase Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/konongo-odumase-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=www.schoolsingh.com}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Awards and recognition == == Alumni == == Riots == For November 2016, some students for di school cause riots wey make dem temporarily close di school. Dis happen because di students want make dem remove di headmistress of di school.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 2016 |title=Konongo-Odumase SHS closed down |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Konongo-Odumase-SHS-closed-down-490199 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=Ghanaweb.com |publisher=GhanaWeb}}</ref> == References == gqhgn8ek5uj603f4t1w2eigfuenvxhj 116481 116297 2026-11-08T11:23:04Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Konongo Odumase Senior High School''' be mixed second-cycle school wey both boys den girls dey attend. De school dey Konongo-Odumase, for Asante Akim Central District, insyd [[Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2010 |title=Konongo Odumase SHS Old Students Hold 3rd Inter Tertiary Congress |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/265062/1/konongo-odumase-shs-old-students-hold-3rd-inter-te.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]] (via Modernghana.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana » Ashanti Region » Asante Akim North District |url=http://asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=nws&read=13638 |access-date=27 May 2015 |website=asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem start de school as '''Konongo Odumasi Secondary School''', buh dem change de name to Konongo Odumase Senior High School around 2005, wen de [[John Kufuor|Kufuor]] government decide to change de names of all senior secondary schools for de country to senior high schools.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 April 2012 |title=Nana Konadu: Renaming of JSS & SSS to JHS & SHS needless |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/nana-konadu-renaming-of-jss-sss-to-jhs-shs-needless/ |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=NewsGhana.com.gh |publisher=NewsGhana}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Antwi II |first1=Nana Kofi |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11925253 |title=Asante-Akyem Odumase : a historical perspective |date=2015 |publisher=Advent Press |isbn=9789988224479 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref> Dis one be part of de “Accelerated Development Plan for Education” wey dem start after [[Kwame Nkrumah]] ein Convention People's Party win di 1951 Gold Coast Legislative Election.<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Two important teachers wey dey among de first teachers for de school be D. A. Agyei den B. Spio-Garbrah. De school move go ein current permanent site for 1963. Dem nickname de original school site “Biafra”, after de secessionist state of Biafra wey dem associate plus de Nigerian Civil War.<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> De school expand make e include Sixth Form, wey dem dey run Advanced Level courses for de 1965/1966 academic year. B. Spio-Garbrah, wey be de first headmaster of de school den sanso be an artist, wey design de school crest. De first head boy of de school be S. K. Obeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Konongo Odumasi Senior High School move from Category B go Category A after de 2023 WASSCE examination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Konongo Odumase Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/konongo-odumase-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=www.schoolsingh.com}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Awards den recognition == == Alumni == == Riots == For November 2016, some students for de school cause riots wey make dem temporarily close de school. Dis happen secof de students wan make dem remove de headmistress of de school.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 2016 |title=Konongo-Odumase SHS closed down |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Konongo-Odumase-SHS-closed-down-490199 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=Ghanaweb.com |publisher=GhanaWeb}}</ref> == References == <references /> ==External links== * {{URL|kohighschool.net}}, the school's official website {{DEFAULTSORT:Konongo Odumase Senior High School}} [[Category:1953 establishments insyd de Gold Coast (British colony)]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1953]] [[Category:High schools insyd de Ashanti Region]] [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd de Ashanti Region]] [[Category:Mixed schools insyd Ghana]] fndud7vf98c550wt5rj332t4bxywory 116482 116481 2026-11-08T11:28:30Z DaSupremo 9 /* Notable alumni */ Improve article 116482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Konongo Odumase Senior High School''' be mixed second-cycle school wey both boys den girls dey attend. De school dey Konongo-Odumase, for Asante Akim Central District, insyd [[Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2010 |title=Konongo Odumase SHS Old Students Hold 3rd Inter Tertiary Congress |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/265062/1/konongo-odumase-shs-old-students-hold-3rd-inter-te.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]] (via Modernghana.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana » Ashanti Region » Asante Akim North District |url=http://asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=nws&read=13638 |access-date=27 May 2015 |website=asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem start de school as '''Konongo Odumasi Secondary School''', buh dem change de name to Konongo Odumase Senior High School around 2005, wen de [[John Kufuor|Kufuor]] government decide to change de names of all senior secondary schools for de country to senior high schools.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 April 2012 |title=Nana Konadu: Renaming of JSS & SSS to JHS & SHS needless |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/nana-konadu-renaming-of-jss-sss-to-jhs-shs-needless/ |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=NewsGhana.com.gh |publisher=NewsGhana}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Antwi II |first1=Nana Kofi |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11925253 |title=Asante-Akyem Odumase : a historical perspective |date=2015 |publisher=Advent Press |isbn=9789988224479 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref> Dis one be part of de “Accelerated Development Plan for Education” wey dem start after [[Kwame Nkrumah]] ein Convention People's Party win di 1951 Gold Coast Legislative Election.<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Two important teachers wey dey among de first teachers for de school be D. A. Agyei den B. Spio-Garbrah. De school move go ein current permanent site for 1963. Dem nickname de original school site “Biafra”, after de secessionist state of Biafra wey dem associate plus de Nigerian Civil War.<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> De school expand make e include Sixth Form, wey dem dey run Advanced Level courses for de 1965/1966 academic year. B. Spio-Garbrah, wey be de first headmaster of de school den sanso be an artist, wey design de school crest. De first head boy of de school be S. K. Obeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Konongo Odumasi Senior High School move from Category B go Category A after de 2023 WASSCE examination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Konongo Odumase Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/konongo-odumase-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=www.schoolsingh.com}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Awards den recognition == == Alumni == == Riots == For November 2016, some students for de school cause riots wey make dem temporarily close de school. Dis happen secof de students wan make dem remove de headmistress of de school.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 2016 |title=Konongo-Odumase SHS closed down |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Konongo-Odumase-SHS-closed-down-490199 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=Ghanaweb.com |publisher=GhanaWeb}}</ref> ==Notable alumni== *[[Kwadwo Owusu Afriyie]] – general secretary of de [[New Patriotic Party]] den chief executive officer of de [[Forestry Commission (Ghana)|Forestry Commission]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/mr-kwadwo-owusu-afriyie-to-be-director-general-of-g-p-h-a.html |location=Accra, Ghana|title='Sir John' to head G.P.H.A. as Director General |last=Ocloo |first=Della Russel |date=26 January 2017 |accessdate=21 January 2020 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> *[[Ofori Amponsah|Samuel Ofori Amponsah]] – musician *[[Papa Arko]] – 1983 African Cup of Champions Clubs winner<ref name="ashsrc"/> *[[Yaa Ntiamoah Badu]] – former pro vice chancellor of de [[University of Ghana]] *[[Paul Baffoe-Bonnie]] – [[Chief Justice of Ghana|chief justice of Ghana]] den [[Supreme Court of Ghana|Supreme Court judge]]<ref>{{cite web |author1=Godwill Arthur-Mensah |title=Parliament approves Justice Paul Baffoe-Bonnie as Chief Justice of Ghana |url=https://gna.org.gh/2025/11/parliament-approves-justice-paul-baffoe-bonnie-as-chief-justice-of-ghana/ |website=Ghana News Agency |publisher=Ghana News Agency |access-date=16 November 2025 |date=13 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Four new Supreme Court Judges Sworn In |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Four-new-Supreme-Court-Judges-Sworn-In-145184 |website=ghanaweb.com |publisher=GhanaWeb |accessdate=21 January 2020 |date=11 June 2008}}</ref> *[[Daasebre Oti Boateng]] – Ghanaian statistician, academic den Omanhene (paramount chief) of [[New-Juaben Municipal District|New Juaben]] insyd de [[Eastern Region (Ghana)|Eastern Region]] *[[Charles de Graft Dickson]] – [[Parliament of Ghana|member of Parliament]] insyd de First Republic den Minister of Defence<ref>{{cite book |last=Mensah |first=Sylvester A. |accessdate=21 January 2020 |date=2013 |title=In the Shadows of Politics |publisher=Author House |isbn=9781491886809 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c-xIAgAAQBAJ&q=Charles+de+Graft+Dickson&pg=PA13}}</ref> *[[Owusu Achaw Duah]] – MP give [[Offinso South (Ghana parliament constituency)|Offinso South]] *[[Dorcas Gyimah]] – Ghanaian sprinter *[[Mohammed Rabiu]] – footballer<ref>{{cite web |author1=Godfred Akoto Boafo |title=Brazil 2014: Group G, Ghana |url=https://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/in-english/2014/fifa-world-cup-2014-brazil-group-g-ghana-89836.html |website=ElUniversal.mx |publisher=ElUniversal |accessdate=16 November 2019 |date=9 June 2014}}</ref> *[[Afia Amankwaah Tamakloe]] – TV den radio personality, journalist *[[Kofi Wampah]] – former governor of de [[Bank of Ghana]]<ref name="kono">{{Cite news | url=http://graphic.com.gh/General-News/dr-wampah-sworn-in-bog-governor.html |location=Accra, Ghana| title=Dr Wampah sworn in BoG Governor on 04 April 2013. | date=4 April 2013 |accessdate=21 January 2020|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> == References == <references /> ==External links== * {{URL|kohighschool.net}}, the school's official website {{DEFAULTSORT:Konongo Odumase Senior High School}} [[Category:1953 establishments insyd de Gold Coast (British colony)]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1953]] [[Category:High schools insyd de Ashanti Region]] [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd de Ashanti Region]] [[Category:Mixed schools insyd Ghana]] 7nzu6d4y472wssof7eosc4npb8hpxnf 116483 116482 2026-11-08T11:31:21Z DaSupremo 9 /* Notable alumni */ Fix reference 116483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Konongo Odumase Senior High School''' be mixed second-cycle school wey both boys den girls dey attend. De school dey Konongo-Odumase, for Asante Akim Central District, insyd [[Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2010 |title=Konongo Odumase SHS Old Students Hold 3rd Inter Tertiary Congress |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/265062/1/konongo-odumase-shs-old-students-hold-3rd-inter-te.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]] (via Modernghana.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana » Ashanti Region » Asante Akim North District |url=http://asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=nws&read=13638 |access-date=27 May 2015 |website=asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh}}</ref> == Histroy == Dem start de school as '''Konongo Odumasi Secondary School''', buh dem change de name to Konongo Odumase Senior High School around 2005, wen de [[John Kufuor|Kufuor]] government decide to change de names of all senior secondary schools for de country to senior high schools.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 April 2012 |title=Nana Konadu: Renaming of JSS & SSS to JHS & SHS needless |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/nana-konadu-renaming-of-jss-sss-to-jhs-shs-needless/ |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=NewsGhana.com.gh |publisher=NewsGhana}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Antwi II |first1=Nana Kofi |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11925253 |title=Asante-Akyem Odumase : a historical perspective |date=2015 |publisher=Advent Press |isbn=9789988224479 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref> Dis one be part of de “Accelerated Development Plan for Education” wey dem start after [[Kwame Nkrumah]] ein Convention People's Party win di 1951 Gold Coast Legislative Election.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Two important teachers wey dey among de first teachers for de school be D. A. Agyei den B. Spio-Garbrah. De school move go ein current permanent site for 1963. Dem nickname de original school site “Biafra”, after de secessionist state of Biafra wey dem associate plus de Nigerian Civil War.<ref name=":1" /> De school expand make e include Sixth Form, wey dem dey run Advanced Level courses for de 1965/1966 academic year. B. Spio-Garbrah, wey be de first headmaster of de school den sanso be an artist, wey design de school crest. De first head boy of de school be S. K. Obeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF KONONGO-ODUMASI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |url=https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027234046/https://ashsrc.com/konongo-odumase-shs/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=AshSRC.com |publisher=AshantiSRC}}</ref> Konongo Odumasi Senior High School move from Category B go Category A after de 2023 WASSCE examination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Konongo Odumase Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/konongo-odumase-senior-high/about |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=www.schoolsingh.com}}</ref> == Admissions == == Student Population == == Awards den recognition == == Alumni == == Riots == For November 2016, some students for de school cause riots wey make dem temporarily close de school. Dis happen secof de students wan make dem remove de headmistress of de school.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 2016 |title=Konongo-Odumase SHS closed down |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Konongo-Odumase-SHS-closed-down-490199 |accessdate=16 November 2019 |website=Ghanaweb.com |publisher=GhanaWeb}}</ref> ==Notable alumni== *[[Kwadwo Owusu Afriyie]] – general secretary of de [[New Patriotic Party]] den chief executive officer of de [[Forestry Commission (Ghana)|Forestry Commission]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/mr-kwadwo-owusu-afriyie-to-be-director-general-of-g-p-h-a.html |location=Accra, Ghana|title='Sir John' to head G.P.H.A. as Director General |last=Ocloo |first=Della Russel |date=26 January 2017 |accessdate=21 January 2020 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> *[[Ofori Amponsah|Samuel Ofori Amponsah]] – musician *[[Papa Arko]] – 1983 African Cup of Champions Clubs winner<ref name=":1" /> *[[Yaa Ntiamoah Badu]] – former pro vice chancellor of de [[University of Ghana]] *[[Paul Baffoe-Bonnie]] – [[Chief Justice of Ghana|chief justice of Ghana]] den [[Supreme Court of Ghana|Supreme Court judge]]<ref>{{cite web |author1=Godwill Arthur-Mensah |title=Parliament approves Justice Paul Baffoe-Bonnie as Chief Justice of Ghana |url=https://gna.org.gh/2025/11/parliament-approves-justice-paul-baffoe-bonnie-as-chief-justice-of-ghana/ |website=Ghana News Agency |publisher=Ghana News Agency |access-date=16 November 2025 |date=13 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Four new Supreme Court Judges Sworn In |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Four-new-Supreme-Court-Judges-Sworn-In-145184 |website=ghanaweb.com |publisher=GhanaWeb |accessdate=21 January 2020 |date=11 June 2008}}</ref> *[[Daasebre Oti Boateng]] – Ghanaian statistician, academic den Omanhene (paramount chief) of [[New-Juaben Municipal District|New Juaben]] insyd de [[Eastern Region (Ghana)|Eastern Region]] *[[Charles de Graft Dickson]] – [[Parliament of Ghana|member of Parliament]] insyd de First Republic den Minister of Defence<ref>{{cite book |last=Mensah |first=Sylvester A. |accessdate=21 January 2020 |date=2013 |title=In the Shadows of Politics |publisher=Author House |isbn=9781491886809 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c-xIAgAAQBAJ&q=Charles+de+Graft+Dickson&pg=PA13}}</ref> *[[Owusu Achaw Duah]] – MP give [[Offinso South (Ghana parliament constituency)|Offinso South]] *[[Dorcas Gyimah]] – Ghanaian sprinter *[[Mohammed Rabiu]] – footballer<ref>{{cite web |author1=Godfred Akoto Boafo |title=Brazil 2014: Group G, Ghana |url=https://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/in-english/2014/fifa-world-cup-2014-brazil-group-g-ghana-89836.html |website=ElUniversal.mx |publisher=ElUniversal |accessdate=16 November 2019 |date=9 June 2014}}</ref> *[[Afia Amankwaah Tamakloe]] – TV den radio personality, journalist *[[Kofi Wampah]] – former governor of de [[Bank of Ghana]]<ref name="kono">{{Cite news | url=http://graphic.com.gh/General-News/dr-wampah-sworn-in-bog-governor.html |location=Accra, Ghana| title=Dr Wampah sworn in BoG Governor on 04 April 2013. | date=4 April 2013 |accessdate=21 January 2020|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> == References == <references /> ==External links== * {{URL|kohighschool.net}}, the school's official website {{DEFAULTSORT:Konongo Odumase Senior High School}} [[Category:1953 establishments insyd de Gold Coast (British colony)]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1953]] [[Category:High schools insyd de Ashanti Region]] [[Category:Boarding schools insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Public schools insyd de Ashanti Region]] [[Category:Mixed schools insyd Ghana]] sdsgbu823042aeq0m7at5tdmxa3iqhj 0 31393 116278 2026-11-07T16:52:48Z Aldayaman 8590 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1384006779|Jacob Tremblay]]" 116278 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Tremblay''' wey dem born for October 5, 2006 na Canadian actor. E start im career as pikin actor for 2010s, e come extend to voice acting for big animated shows and serious roles for independent films. Tremblay first make name for him role as pikin wey born for captivity for Room 2015, na that one make e win Critics Choice Movie Award for best young performer. gybcstkm63rolgrnfgsdtjzk7fyngdy 116484 116278 2026-11-08T11:42:01Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jacob Tremblay''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|r|ɒ|m|b|l|eɪ}} {{Respell|TROM|blay}}; born October 5, 2006) be a Canadian actor. Beginning ein career as a [[child actor]] insyd de 2010s, he expand to [[voice acting]] insyd mainstream animated media den mature roles insyd [[independent film]]s. Tremblay first gain recognition for ein role as a kiddie dem born insyd captivity insyd ''[[Room (2015 film)|Room]]'' (2015), for wich he win de [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer]] wey he cam be de youngest nominee for de [[Actor Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role]]. Continued recognition cam from ein roles as a kiddie plus [[Treacher Collins syndrome|Treacher Collins Syndrome]] insyd de drama ''[[Wonder (film)|Wonder]]'' (2017) den a naive sixth grader insyd de comedy ''[[Good Boys (film)|Good Boys]]'' (2019). Tremblay take on voice roles as [[Damian Wayne|Damian Wayne / Robin]] insyd ''[[Harley Quinn (TV series)|Harley Quinn]]'' (2019), de [[title character]]s insyd ''[[Luca (2021 film)|Luca]]'' (2021) den ''[[Orion and the Dark]]'' (2024), wich earned am an [[Children's and Family Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Voice Performer in an Animated or Preschool Animated Program|Emmy Award]], [[List of The Little Mermaid characters#Flounder|Flounder]] insyd ''[[The Little Mermaid (2023 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (2023), den Curtis insyd ''[[Wildwood (film)|Wildwood]]'' (2026). He return to live-action projects plus more mature roles insyd de biographical crime films ''[[Sovereign (film)|Sovereign]]'' (2025), wich earn am an [[Independent Spirit Award]] nomination, den ''[[Unabomber (film)|Unabomber]]'' (2026), insyd wich he portray de [[Ted Kaczynski|titular domestic terrorist]]. == References == cjjsxizxszkymnqbze4xhe0hzqira9y 116485 116484 2026-11-08T11:46:12Z DaSupremo 9 /* Early life */ Improve article 116485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jacob Tremblay''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|r|ɒ|m|b|l|eɪ}} {{Respell|TROM|blay}}; born October 5, 2006) be a Canadian actor. Beginning ein career as a [[child actor]] insyd de 2010s, he expand to [[voice acting]] insyd mainstream animated media den mature roles insyd [[independent film]]s. Tremblay first gain recognition for ein role as a kiddie dem born insyd captivity insyd ''[[Room (2015 film)|Room]]'' (2015), for wich he win de [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer]] wey he cam be de youngest nominee for de [[Actor Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role]]. Continued recognition cam from ein roles as a kiddie plus [[Treacher Collins syndrome|Treacher Collins Syndrome]] insyd de drama ''[[Wonder (film)|Wonder]]'' (2017) den a naive sixth grader insyd de comedy ''[[Good Boys (film)|Good Boys]]'' (2019). Tremblay take on voice roles as [[Damian Wayne|Damian Wayne / Robin]] insyd ''[[Harley Quinn (TV series)|Harley Quinn]]'' (2019), de [[title character]]s insyd ''[[Luca (2021 film)|Luca]]'' (2021) den ''[[Orion and the Dark]]'' (2024), wich earned am an [[Children's and Family Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Voice Performer in an Animated or Preschool Animated Program|Emmy Award]], [[List of The Little Mermaid characters#Flounder|Flounder]] insyd ''[[The Little Mermaid (2023 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (2023), den Curtis insyd ''[[Wildwood (film)|Wildwood]]'' (2026). He return to live-action projects plus more mature roles insyd de biographical crime films ''[[Sovereign (film)|Sovereign]]'' (2025), wich earn am an [[Independent Spirit Award]] nomination, den ''[[Unabomber (film)|Unabomber]]'' (2026), insyd wich he portray de [[Ted Kaczynski|titular domestic terrorist]]. ==Early life== Na dem born Tremblay, de middle of three kiddies, on October 5, 2006, insyd [[Vancouver]], British Columbia.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Coggan |first=Devan |date=October 5, 2015 |title=Brie Larson serenades her Room costar Jacob Tremblay for his 9th birthday |url=https://www.ew.com/article/2015/10/05/brie-larson-happy-birthday-jacob-tremblay-room |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=April 17, 2020 |archive-date=November 14, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114145234/https://www.ew.com/article/2015/10/05/brie-larson-happy-birthday-jacob-tremblay-room |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=BarDown |date=June 22, 2017 |title=Vancouver actor Jacob Tremblay roasted his hometown Canucks at the NHL Awards - Article |url=https://www.bardown.com/vancouver-actor-jacob-tremblay-roasted-his-hometown-canucks-at-the-nhl-awards-1.786337 |access-date=May 3, 2021 |website=BARDOWN |language=en}}</ref> Ein poppie be a police detective. Tremblay ein sistos be actresses Erica den [[Emma Tremblay]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barnes |first=Brooks |date=December 12, 2015 |title=Hollywood's ''It'' Kid: A Blast of Fresh Air on the Oscar Trail |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/13/fashion/room-jacob-tremblay-oscars.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=December 26, 2022 |access-date=March 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226232832/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/13/fashion/room-jacob-tremblay-oscars.html |url-status=live}}</ref> His maternal grandfather is Chilean.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7956956/luca-star-jacob-tremblay-covid-shot/#:~:text=Tremblay%20had%20to%20pronounce%20certain,mother%27s%20side%20is%20from%20Chile |title=''Luca'' star Jacob Tremblay on the 'relief' of getting first COVID 19 vaccine shot |work=Global News}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == hqic3i2p68prco66tor2q87xso4t9pu 0 31394 116280 2026-11-07T16:54:33Z Aldayaman 8590 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382559583|Kinda Alloush]]" 116280 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kinda Alloush''' na Arabic babe wey born for 27 March 1982 for Damascus. She be Syrian actress wey people sabi for her roles for Syrian and Egyptian drama plus cinema. 20nvtawusih7zot871i2k3jfnyrnjrs 3 31395 116286 2026-11-07T16:57:15Z DaSupremo 9 /* Ghanaian Pidgin */ new section 116286 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ghanaian Pidgin == Hello @[[User:Naula Ayisabun Aningore|Naula Ayisabun Aningore]]. thanks for your translations. I would like to draw your attention to your translations. It contains Nigerian Pidgin words so kindly take note. Regards [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:57, 7 November 2026 (GMT) 0g8c3gf2859657bq6xmrhpd6ffp6wo4 116328 116286 2026-11-07T17:12:03Z Naula Ayisabun Aningore 2564 /* Ghanaian Pidgin */ Reply 116328 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ghanaian Pidgin == Hello @[[User:Naula Ayisabun Aningore|Naula Ayisabun Aningore]]. thanks for your translations. I would like to draw your attention to your translations. It contains Nigerian Pidgin words so kindly take note. Regards [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:57, 7 November 2026 (GMT) :Well noted, will work on it and take note as well [[User:Naula Ayisabun Aningore|Naula Ayisabun Aningore]] ([[User talk:Naula Ayisabun Aningore|talk]]) 17:12, 7 November 2026 (GMT) d5iobyqu8hjn09hbqxb9nt7ggpodt53 0 31396 116287 2026-11-07T16:57:18Z Aldayaman 8590 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382741509|Leon Angel]]" 116287 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leon Angel''' wey dem born 15 May 1900, die 12 July 1973, na him dem dey call Leon most times, na Egyptian actor wey everybody sabi for him work wey e do for 1930s. e show for some muslim-jewish buddy film dem wey e play one funny jewish guy role For all di Jews wey dey Egypt wey dey do film, na only Leon be di Jewish star wey carry di main role for one Egyptian film, and e play Jewish character. g9equor4mnipdw3cpbdfd69nsve2ydn 0 31397 116288 2026-11-07T16:57:39Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 Created page with "'''Yaa'''" 116288 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yaa''' j8a2ydzdei1ueb2vvls2le2crjej8s9 116289 116288 2026-11-07T16:57:57Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116289 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yaa As''' gbs3ut7apk77t9ix2d8cdm0xlvlmjke 116290 116289 2026-11-07T16:58:09Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116290 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yaa Asant''' 2eq4bqdg50r0mgmhuxxff22ew89fwm8 116291 116290 2026-11-07T16:58:21Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116291 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yaa Asantew''' dkwqjeqnn9i21cx1skhfaoa0wp6bfpj 116292 116291 2026-11-07T16:58:40Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116292 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yaa Asantewa''' 0nkf4akce09xd4q4xjg437chr6nrnau 116293 116292 2026-11-07T16:58:54Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116293 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yaa Asantewaa''' g4z01i80bzk9unmik63zfov8s7rub5g 116294 116293 2026-11-07T16:59:27Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116294 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yaa Asantewaa Girls'''' riwuufirwnqjvyut3avby7zd5s3uv9i 116296 116294 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116307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a p (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls in Tanoso in the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana 46b8h1iuabxgrinrvw1awhi3gryu9qb 116309 116307 2026-11-07T17:07:40Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116309 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a publ (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls in Tanoso in the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana 7aobje5p2zo2tvxkvsemg8rb4758gs8 116310 116309 2026-11-07T17:07:54Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116310 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a public (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls in Tanoso in the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana rba4kpiyrcypw6vc8zqtfsj4kmabslu 116311 116310 2026-11-07T17:08:06Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116311 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a 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for girls in Tanoso in the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana c7wjcl8jgw2opvc7dvogkqqs16o5njr 116322 116321 2026-11-07T17:10:29Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116322 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls wey de (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls in Tanoso in the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana phflaim4lhore3vuye5m526iqk849u6 116323 116322 2026-11-07T17:10:40Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116323 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls wey dey (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls in Tanoso in the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana joas4jneaqevezymgqruxw385neayrn 116324 116323 2026-11-07T17:10:56Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116324 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls wey dey bas (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls in Tanoso in the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana 0unird2dzt47scg5jnymfdcwaq0vxy3 116325 116324 2026-11-07T17:11:08Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116325 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls wey dey base (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls in Tanoso in the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana 127i6q4riau0wv6kshklyoaptdjuiba 116326 116325 2026-11-07T17:11:23Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116326 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls wey dey base fo (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls in Tanoso in the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana 3zhlx4w23sszy92hm58pjoxwteu6ydp 116327 116326 2026-11-07T17:12:01Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116327 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls wey dey base for (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls in Tanoso in the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana bul76psa6jg1e086upye8hgkytonwc5 116329 116327 2026-11-07T17:12:46Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116329 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls wey dey base for Tanoso in the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls in Tanoso in the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana 3e94zc5adefvfcoy9z3djf9xnnfxn6r 116330 116329 2026-11-07T17:12:59Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116330 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls wey dey base for Tanoso for in the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls in Tanoso in the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana 0wykejm1b7jdq9h0m24tchx6q0po20f 116331 116330 2026-11-07T17:13:24Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116331 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls wey dey base for Tanoso for insyd the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi the Ashanti Region of Ghana (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls in Tanoso in the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana 7o3zdeswzdb8y1tzmcqet4uoki6z6hp 116332 116331 2026-11-07T17:24:04Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116332 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls wey dey base for Tanoso for insyd the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi the Ashanti Region of Ghana. mozxc3j62p0t3bvv4znaawj1g48hkqn 116333 116332 2026-11-07T17:25:48Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116333 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls wey dey base for Tanoso for insyd the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi the Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Citation |title=Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-11-07 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yaa_Asantewaa_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1384306249 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> kxvi4oj5xmj8n09fg71uf5ltlx2u94b 116335 116333 2026-11-07T17:27:10Z Yakubu Philemon Mbalabna 5061 116335 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior''''' (YAGSHS) is a public high school for girls wey dey base for Tanoso for insyd the Atwima Mponua District in Kumasi the Ashanti Region of Ghana.<ref>{{Citation |title=Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-11-07 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yaa_Asantewaa_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1384306249 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior High School |date=2026-11-07 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yaa_Asantewaa_Girls%27_Senior_High_School&oldid=1384306249 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> = REFERENCE = 3zbmsj3pdoto2us9rga9th77r0c74yy 0 31398 116295 2026-11-07T16:59:33Z Aldayaman 8590 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375728415|Togo Mizrahi]]" 116295 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Togo Mizrahi''' be Egyptian actor and filmmaker wey born June 2, 1901 and die June 5, 1986. Mizrahi be correct filmmaker wey sabi make funny comedy and sweet musical dem well well. On top him film work, Mizrahi get him PhD too. d no be word o, abeg give me correct one make I fit help you. for economics and sabi talk plenty language dem 1 for most time for him career, Mizrahi dey produce, direct, and write most of him films. lzotxfswtbw1w3wljqs6bastnt9aaqz 0 31399 116305 2026-11-07T17:06:59Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 Created page with "'''Barekese Senior High School (BASEC)''' be public Category C mixed high school wey both boys and girls dey attend. E dey Barekese, for Atwima Nwabiagya North Municipal, inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]]. Barekese dey about 25 kilometres (16 miles) from central part of [[Kumasi]], and you fit find am off di [[:en:Offinso|Offinso]] Road through Abrepo Junction. Di school get student population wey pass 3,000 students." 116305 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barekese Senior High School (BASEC)''' be public Category C mixed high school wey both boys and girls dey attend. E dey Barekese, for Atwima Nwabiagya North Municipal, inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]]. Barekese dey about 25 kilometres (16 miles) from central part of [[Kumasi]], and you fit find am off di [[:en:Offinso|Offinso]] Road through Abrepo Junction. Di school get student population wey pass 3,000 students. 5sqgm8l4e5d31efbzlbu9b2kfkov4b2 116315 116305 2026-11-07T17:09:03Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116315 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barekese Senior High School (BASEC)''' be public Category C mixed high school<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Education Service's Senior High and Technical Vocational Schools |url=https://ges.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/SHSTVET_SCHOOLS.pdf}}</ref> wey both boys and girls dey attend. E dey Barekese, for Atwima Nwabiagya North Municipal, inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]]. Barekese dey about 25 kilometres (16 miles) from central part of [[Kumasi]], and you fit find am off di [[:en:Offinso|Offinso]] Road through Abrepo Junction. Di school get student population wey pass 3,000 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barekese Senior High School - Contacts & Business Details |url=https://yellowpagesghana.com.gh/listing/barekese-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2026-06-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref> qc36orbhc9lr1y5inmvm4h6b13vk0oj 116334 116315 2026-11-07T17:26:24Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116334 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barekese Senior High School (BASEC)''' be public Category C mixed high school<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Education Service's Senior High and Technical Vocational Schools |url=https://ges.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/SHSTVET_SCHOOLS.pdf}}</ref> wey both boys and girls dey attend. E dey Barekese, for Atwima Nwabiagya North Municipal, inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]]. Barekese dey about 25 kilometres (16 miles) from central part of [[Kumasi]], and you fit find am off di [[:en:Offinso|Offinso]] Road through Abrepo Junction. Di school get student population wey pass 3,000 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barekese Senior High School - Contacts & Business Details |url=https://yellowpagesghana.com.gh/listing/barekese-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2026-06-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Histroy == Barekese Senior High School was established on the 11th October 2004 as a Community School and in 2006, it was subsequently absorbed by the Government as a co-educational institution with facilities for Boarding and Day students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barekese Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/barekese-senior-high/about |access-date=2026-06-20 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == School motto == == References == g4gw6zemwm27jqoon6arj08xfdeatq6 116336 116334 2026-11-07T17:31:43Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116336 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barekese Senior High School (BASEC)''' be public Category C mixed high school<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Education Service's Senior High and Technical Vocational Schools |url=https://ges.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/SHSTVET_SCHOOLS.pdf}}</ref> wey both boys and girls dey attend. E dey Barekese, for Atwima Nwabiagya North Municipal, inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]]. Barekese dey about 25 kilometres (16 miles) from central part of [[Kumasi]], and you fit find am off di [[:en:Offinso|Offinso]] Road through Abrepo Junction. Di school get student population wey pass 3,000 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barekese Senior High School - Contacts & Business Details |url=https://yellowpagesghana.com.gh/listing/barekese-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2026-06-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Histroy == Barekese Senior High School was established on the 11th October 2004 as a Community School and in 2006, it was subsequently absorbed by the Government as a co-educational institution with facilities for Boarding and Day students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barekese Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/barekese-senior-high/about |access-date=2026-06-20 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == School motto == Di official motto of Barekese Senior High School be “Blazing the Trail”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barekese Senior High School, P. O Box BP 369, Kumasi (2026) |url=https://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kumasi/159427964071229/Barekese-Senior-High-School |access-date=2026-06-20 |website=www.findglocal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Barekese Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/barekese-senior-high/about |access-date=2026-06-20 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> And ein slogan be “Abammofo” == References == 2883k09n0c8zpyv441sanw90yt700tz 116337 116336 2026-11-07T17:32:22Z Emmanuella Ackon 2562 116337 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barekese Senior High School (BASEC)''' be public Category C mixed high school<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Education Service's Senior High and Technical Vocational Schools |url=https://ges.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/SHSTVET_SCHOOLS.pdf}}</ref> wey both boys and girls dey attend. E dey Barekese, for Atwima Nwabiagya North Municipal, inside [[:en:Ashanti_Region|Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]]. Barekese dey about 25 kilometres (16 miles) from central part of [[Kumasi]], and you fit find am off di [[:en:Offinso|Offinso]] Road through Abrepo Junction. Di school get student population wey pass 3,000 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barekese Senior High School - Contacts & Business Details |url=https://yellowpagesghana.com.gh/listing/barekese-senior-high-school/ |access-date=2026-06-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Histroy == Barekese Senior High School was established on the 11th October 2004 as a Community School and in 2006, it was subsequently absorbed by the Government as a co-educational institution with facilities for Boarding and Day students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barekese Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/barekese-senior-high/about |access-date=2026-06-20 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == School motto == Di official motto of Barekese Senior High School be “Blazing the Trail”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barekese Senior High School, P. O Box BP 369, Kumasi (2026) |url=https://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kumasi/159427964071229/Barekese-Senior-High-School |access-date=2026-06-20 |website=www.findglocal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Barekese Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/barekese-senior-high/about |access-date=2026-06-20 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> And ein slogan be “Abammofo”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barekese Senior High {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/barekese-senior-high/about |access-date=2026-06-20 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == References == 6yn7ci12ciwiak32kjsp6jc4t3bdvrn 14 31400 116306 2026-11-07T17:07:08Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116306 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31401 116308 2026-11-07T17:07:19Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116308 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 31402 116339 2026-11-07T18:16:09Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1501559|Diabetic ketoacidosis]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 116339 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diabetic ketoacidosis''' ('''DKA''') == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] mk9d68zq1x6qc9t4g8p3tez42755gau 116340 116339 2026-11-07T18:32:04Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Diabetic ketoacidosis''' ('''DKA''') be a potentially life-threatening acute complication of [[diabetes mellitus]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> Signs den symptoms fi include [[vomiting]], [[abdominal pain]], [[Kussmaul breathing|deep gasping breathing]], [[polyuria|increased urination]], weakness, [[mental confusion|confusion]] den occasionally [[coma|loss of consciousness]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> A person ein breath fi develop a specific "fruity" anaa acetone smell.<ref name=BMJ2015/> De onset of symptoms usually be rapid.<ref name=BMJ2015/> People widout a previous diagnosis of diabetes fi develop DKA as de first obvious symptom.<ref name=BMJ2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Misra S, Oliver NS | title = Diabetic ketoacidosis in adults | journal = BMJ | volume = 351 | article-number = h5660 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26510442 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.h5660 | hdl-access = free | s2cid = 38872958 | hdl = 10044/1/41091 }}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] b00tehdu0t0chfg7ycktrytwz5t9qql 116341 116340 2026-11-07T18:45:32Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Diabetic ketoacidosis''' ('''DKA''') be a potentially life-threatening acute complication of [[diabetes mellitus]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> Signs den symptoms fi include [[vomiting]], [[abdominal pain]], [[Kussmaul breathing|deep gasping breathing]], [[polyuria|increased urination]], weakness, [[mental confusion|confusion]] den occasionally [[coma|loss of consciousness]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> A person ein breath fi develop a specific "fruity" anaa acetone smell.<ref name=BMJ2015/> De onset of symptoms usually be rapid.<ref name=BMJ2015/> People widout a previous diagnosis of diabetes fi develop DKA as de first obvious symptom.<ref name=BMJ2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Misra S, Oliver NS | title = Diabetic ketoacidosis in adults | journal = BMJ | volume = 351 | article-number = h5660 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26510442 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.h5660 | hdl-access = free | s2cid = 38872958 | hdl = 10044/1/41091 }}</ref> DKA dey happen most often insyd those plus [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|type 1 diabetes]] buh sanso fi occur insyd those plus oda types of diabetes under certain circumstances.<ref name=BMJ2015/> Triggers fi include [[infection]], no dey take [[insulin (medication)|insulin]] correctly, [[stroke]] den certain medications such as [[corticosteroids|steroids]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> DKA dey result from a shortage of insulin; in response, de body dey switch to burning [[fatty acid]]s, wich dey produce acidic [[ketone bodies]].<ref name=ADA2009>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN | title = Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes | journal = Diabetes Care | volume = 32 | issue = 7 | pages = 1335–1343 | date = July 2009 | pmid = 19564476 | pmc = 2699725 | doi = 10.2337/dc09-9032 }}</ref> DKA typically be diagnosed wen testing find [[high blood sugar]], [[acidosis|low blood pH]] den [[ketoacids|keto acids]] insyd either de blood anaa urine.<ref name=BMJ2015/> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 194feyj9h62tzgty687ttg7ca2j2go1 116342 116341 2026-11-07T18:48:22Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Diabetic ketoacidosis''' ('''DKA''') be a potentially life-threatening acute complication of [[diabetes mellitus]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> Signs den symptoms fi include [[vomiting]], [[abdominal pain]], [[Kussmaul breathing|deep gasping breathing]], [[polyuria|increased urination]], weakness, [[mental confusion|confusion]] den occasionally [[coma|loss of consciousness]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> A person ein breath fi develop a specific "fruity" anaa acetone smell.<ref name=BMJ2015/> De onset of symptoms usually be rapid.<ref name=BMJ2015/> People widout a previous diagnosis of diabetes fi develop DKA as de first obvious symptom.<ref name=BMJ2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Misra S, Oliver NS | title = Diabetic ketoacidosis in adults | journal = BMJ | volume = 351 | article-number = h5660 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26510442 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.h5660 | hdl-access = free | s2cid = 38872958 | hdl = 10044/1/41091 }}</ref> DKA dey happen most often insyd those plus [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|type 1 diabetes]] buh sanso fi occur insyd those plus oda types of diabetes under certain circumstances.<ref name=BMJ2015/> Triggers fi include [[infection]], no dey take [[insulin (medication)|insulin]] correctly, [[stroke]] den certain medications such as [[corticosteroids|steroids]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> DKA dey result from a shortage of insulin; in response, de body dey switch to burning [[fatty acid]]s, wich dey produce acidic [[ketone bodies]].<ref name=ADA2009>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN | title = Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes | journal = Diabetes Care | volume = 32 | issue = 7 | pages = 1335–1343 | date = July 2009 | pmid = 19564476 | pmc = 2699725 | doi = 10.2337/dc09-9032 }}</ref> DKA typically be diagnosed wen testing find [[high blood sugar]], [[acidosis|low blood pH]] den [[ketoacids|keto acids]] insyd either de blood anaa urine.<ref name=BMJ2015/> De primary treatment of DKA be plus [[intravenous fluid]]s den insulin.<ref name=BMJ2015/> Dey depend on de severity, insulin fi be given intravenously anaa by [[subcutaneous administration|injection under de skin]].<ref name=ADA2009/> Usually, [[potassium]] sanso be needed to prevent de development of [[hypokalemia|low blood potassium]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> Thru out treatment, blood glucose den potassium levels for be regularly checked.<ref name=BMJ2015/> Underlying causes give de DKA for be identified.<ref name=JBDS/> Insyd those plus severely low blood pH wey be critically ill, [[sodium bicarbonate]] fi be given; however, ein use be of unclear benefit den typically no be recommended.<ref name=BMJ2015/><ref name=JBDS/> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == m2ylsxkem5qx0z12hm3vv8rwhtsm1qx 116343 116342 2026-11-07T18:51:09Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Diabetic ketoacidosis''' ('''DKA''') be a potentially life-threatening acute complication of [[diabetes mellitus]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> Signs den symptoms fi include [[vomiting]], [[abdominal pain]], [[Kussmaul breathing|deep gasping breathing]], [[polyuria|increased urination]], weakness, [[mental confusion|confusion]] den occasionally [[coma|loss of consciousness]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> A person ein breath fi develop a specific "fruity" anaa acetone smell.<ref name=BMJ2015/> De onset of symptoms usually be rapid.<ref name=BMJ2015/> People widout a previous diagnosis of diabetes fi develop DKA as de first obvious symptom.<ref name=BMJ2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Misra S, Oliver NS | title = Diabetic ketoacidosis in adults | journal = BMJ | volume = 351 | article-number = h5660 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26510442 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.h5660 | hdl-access = free | s2cid = 38872958 | hdl = 10044/1/41091 }}</ref> DKA dey happen most often insyd those plus [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|type 1 diabetes]] buh sanso fi occur insyd those plus oda types of diabetes under certain circumstances.<ref name=BMJ2015/> Triggers fi include [[infection]], no dey take [[insulin (medication)|insulin]] correctly, [[stroke]] den certain medications such as [[corticosteroids|steroids]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> DKA dey result from a shortage of insulin; in response, de body dey switch to burning [[fatty acid]]s, wich dey produce acidic [[ketone bodies]].<ref name=ADA2009>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN | title = Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes | journal = Diabetes Care | volume = 32 | issue = 7 | pages = 1335–1343 | date = July 2009 | pmid = 19564476 | pmc = 2699725 | doi = 10.2337/dc09-9032 }}</ref> DKA typically be diagnosed wen testing find [[high blood sugar]], [[acidosis|low blood pH]] den [[ketoacids|keto acids]] insyd either de blood anaa urine.<ref name=BMJ2015/> De primary treatment of DKA be plus [[intravenous fluid]]s den insulin.<ref name=BMJ2015/> Dey depend on de severity, insulin fi be given intravenously anaa by [[subcutaneous administration|injection under de skin]].<ref name=ADA2009/> Usually, [[potassium]] sanso be needed to prevent de development of [[hypokalemia|low blood potassium]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> Thru out treatment, blood glucose den potassium levels for be regularly checked.<ref name=BMJ2015/> Underlying causes give de DKA for be identified.<ref name="JBDS2">{{cite web |author=Joint British Diabetes Societies Inpatient Care Group |date=June 2021 |title=The Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults |url=https://abcd.care/resource/management-diabetic-ketoacidosis-dka-adults |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209064832/https://abcd.care/resource/management-diabetic-ketoacidosis-dka-adults |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=10 August 2021 |publisher=Association of British Clinical Diabetologists}}</ref> Insyd those plus severely low blood pH wey be critically ill, [[sodium bicarbonate]] fi be given; however, ein use be of unclear benefit den typically no be recommended.<ref name=BMJ2015/><ref name="JBDS2" /> Rates of DKA dey vary around de world.<ref name=Mal2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maletkovic J, Drexler A | title = Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state | journal = Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America | volume = 42 | issue = 4 | pages = 677–695 | date = December 2013 | pmid = 24286946 | doi = 10.1016/j.ecl.2013.07.001 }}</ref> Each year, about 4% of type 1 diabetics insyd de [[United Kingdom]] dey develop DKA, versus 25% of type 1 diabetics insyd [[Malaysia]].<ref name=BMJ2015/><ref name=Mal2013/> Na DKA first be described insyd 1886 wey e continue to be a universally fatal condition til introduction of insulin therapy insyd de 1920s.<ref name=Eledrisi>{{cite journal | vauthors = Eledrisi MS, Alshanti MS, Shah MF, Brolosy B, Jaha N | title = Overview of the diagnosis and management of diabetic ketoacidosis | journal = The American Journal of the Medical Sciences | volume = 331 | issue = 5 | pages = 243–251 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16702793 | doi = 10.1097/00000441-200605000-00002 }}</ref> Plus adequate den timely treatment, de risk of death be between <1% den 5%.<ref name=BMJ2015/><ref name="JBDS2" /> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] fjph2tqcj7ahc2jvesx71k0emeonos2 116344 116343 2026-11-07T18:52:59Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Diabetic ketoacidosis''' ('''DKA''') be a potentially life-threatening acute complication of [[diabetes mellitus]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> Signs den symptoms fi include [[vomiting]], [[abdominal pain]], [[Kussmaul breathing|deep gasping breathing]], [[polyuria|increased urination]], weakness, [[mental confusion|confusion]] den occasionally [[coma|loss of consciousness]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> A person ein breath fi develop a specific "fruity" anaa acetone smell.<ref name=BMJ2015/> De onset of symptoms usually be rapid.<ref name=BMJ2015/> People widout a previous diagnosis of diabetes fi develop DKA as de first obvious symptom.<ref name=BMJ2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Misra S, Oliver NS | title = Diabetic ketoacidosis in adults | journal = BMJ | volume = 351 | article-number = h5660 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26510442 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.h5660 | hdl-access = free | s2cid = 38872958 | hdl = 10044/1/41091 }}</ref> DKA dey happen most often insyd those plus [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|type 1 diabetes]] buh sanso fi occur insyd those plus oda types of diabetes under certain circumstances.<ref name=BMJ2015/> Triggers fi include [[infection]], no dey take [[insulin (medication)|insulin]] correctly, [[stroke]] den certain medications such as [[corticosteroids|steroids]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> DKA dey result from a shortage of insulin; in response, de body dey switch to burning [[fatty acid]]s, wich dey produce acidic [[ketone bodies]].<ref name=ADA2009>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN | title = Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes | journal = Diabetes Care | volume = 32 | issue = 7 | pages = 1335–1343 | date = July 2009 | pmid = 19564476 | pmc = 2699725 | doi = 10.2337/dc09-9032 }}</ref> DKA typically be diagnosed wen testing find [[high blood sugar]], [[acidosis|low blood pH]] den [[ketoacids|keto acids]] insyd either de blood anaa urine.<ref name=BMJ2015/> De primary treatment of DKA be plus [[intravenous fluid]]s den insulin.<ref name=BMJ2015/> Dey depend on de severity, insulin fi be given intravenously anaa by [[subcutaneous administration|injection under de skin]].<ref name=ADA2009/> Usually, [[potassium]] sanso be needed to prevent de development of [[hypokalemia|low blood potassium]].<ref name=BMJ2015/> Thru out treatment, blood glucose den potassium levels for be regularly checked.<ref name=BMJ2015/> Underlying causes give de DKA for be identified.<ref name="JBDS2">{{cite web |author=Joint British Diabetes Societies Inpatient Care Group |date=June 2021 |title=The Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults |url=https://abcd.care/resource/management-diabetic-ketoacidosis-dka-adults |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209064832/https://abcd.care/resource/management-diabetic-ketoacidosis-dka-adults |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=10 August 2021 |publisher=Association of British Clinical Diabetologists}}</ref> Insyd those plus severely low blood pH wey be critically ill, [[sodium bicarbonate]] fi be given; however, ein use be of unclear benefit den typically no be recommended.<ref name=BMJ2015/><ref name="JBDS2" /> Rates of DKA dey vary around de world.<ref name=Mal2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maletkovic J, Drexler A | title = Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state | journal = Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America | volume = 42 | issue = 4 | pages = 677–695 | date = December 2013 | pmid = 24286946 | doi = 10.1016/j.ecl.2013.07.001 }}</ref> Each year, about 4% of type 1 diabetics insyd de [[United Kingdom]] dey develop DKA, versus 25% of type 1 diabetics insyd [[Malaysia]].<ref name=BMJ2015/><ref name=Mal2013/> Na DKA first be described insyd 1886 wey e continue to be a universally fatal condition til introduction of insulin therapy insyd de 1920s.<ref name=Eledrisi>{{cite journal | vauthors = Eledrisi MS, Alshanti MS, Shah MF, Brolosy B, Jaha N | title = Overview of the diagnosis and management of diabetic ketoacidosis | journal = The American Journal of the Medical Sciences | volume = 331 | issue = 5 | pages = 243–251 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16702793 | doi = 10.1097/00000441-200605000-00002 }}</ref> Plus adequate den timely treatment, de risk of death be between <1% den 5%.<ref name=BMJ2015/><ref name="JBDS2" /> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Diabetic Ketoacidosis}} [[Category:Complications of diabetes]] [[Category:Medical emergencies]] [[Category:Type 1 diabetes]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] kx9ykebu55kp885wv7yccclcrunu61z 14 31403 116345 2026-11-07T18:53:27Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116345 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 31404 116346 2026-11-07T18:55:05Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458784|Chlamydia]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 116346 wikitext text/x-wiki == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] lv7phf3xzu26ynuxyy396ffgo8ljw9w 116347 116346 2026-11-07T19:01:54Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chlamydia''', be more specifically a '''chlamydia infection''', be a [[sexually transmitted disease|sexually transmitted infection]] wey de bacterium ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'' cause.<ref name=CDCStats2015/> Chaw people wey be infected no get symptoms.<ref name=CDCFact2016/> Wen symptoms do appear, dem fi occur only several weeks after infection;<ref name=CDCFact2016/> de [[incubation period]] between exposure wey e be able to infect odas be thought to be on de order of two to six weeks.<ref>{{cite book|title=Krasner's Microbial Challenge|date=2018|page=366| vauthors = Shors T }}</ref> Symptoms insyd women fi include [[vaginal discharge]] anaa [[burning with urination]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/> Symptoms insyd men fi include discharge from de penis, burning plus urination, anaa [[epididymitis|pain den swelling of one anaa both testicles]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/> De infection fi spread to de upper genital tract insyd women, wey dey cause [[pelvic inflammatory disease]], wich fi result in future [[infertility]] anaa [[ectopic pregnancy]].<ref name="CDC2015">{{cite web |title=2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines |url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/chlamydia.htm |publisher=CDC |access-date=10 June 2016|date=4 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611072758/http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/chlamydia.htm|archive-date=11 June 2016}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == o76mzmjyc33eu8t9c5pio63vu54w8kw 116348 116347 2026-11-07T19:03:40Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chlamydia''', be more specifically a '''chlamydia infection''', be a [[sexually transmitted disease|sexually transmitted infection]] wey de bacterium ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'' cause.<ref name=CDCStats2015/> Chaw people wey be infected no get symptoms.<ref name=CDCFact2016/> Wen symptoms do appear, dem fi occur only several weeks after infection;<ref name=CDCFact2016/> de [[incubation period]] between exposure wey e be able to infect odas be thought to be on de order of two to six weeks.<ref>{{cite book|title=Krasner's Microbial Challenge|date=2018|page=366| vauthors = Shors T }}</ref> Symptoms insyd women fi include [[vaginal discharge]] anaa [[burning with urination]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/> Symptoms insyd men fi include discharge from de penis, burning plus urination, anaa [[epididymitis|pain den swelling of one anaa both testicles]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/> De infection fi spread to de upper genital tract insyd women, wey dey cause [[pelvic inflammatory disease]], wich fi result in future [[infertility]] anaa [[ectopic pregnancy]].<ref name="CDC2015">{{cite web |title=2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines |url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/chlamydia.htm |publisher=CDC |access-date=10 June 2016|date=4 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611072758/http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/chlamydia.htm|archive-date=11 June 2016}}</ref> Chlamydia infections fi occur insyd oda areas besides de genitals, wey dey include de anus, eyes, throat, den lymph nodes. Repeated chlamydia infections of de eyes wey go widout treatment fi result in [[trachoma]], a common cause of blindness insyd de [[developing world]].<ref name="CDC2009Eye">{{cite web | title = CDC – Trachoma, Hygiene-related Diseases, Healthy Water | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url = https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/trachoma.html | access-date = 24 July 2015 | date = 28 December 2009 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150905105656/http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/trachoma.html | archive-date = 5 September 2015 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] qb7bu9ahc4zoill8rceh0vbm4mlexmo 116349 116348 2026-11-07T19:06:51Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chlamydia''', be more specifically a '''chlamydia infection''', be a [[sexually transmitted disease|sexually transmitted infection]] wey de bacterium ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'' cause.<ref name=CDCStats2015/> Chaw people wey be infected no get symptoms.<ref name=CDCFact2016/> Wen symptoms do appear, dem fi occur only several weeks after infection;<ref name=CDCFact2016/> de [[incubation period]] between exposure wey e be able to infect odas be thought to be on de order of two to six weeks.<ref>{{cite book|title=Krasner's Microbial Challenge|date=2018|page=366| vauthors = Shors T }}</ref> Symptoms insyd women fi include [[vaginal discharge]] anaa [[burning with urination]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/> Symptoms insyd men fi include discharge from de penis, burning plus urination, anaa [[epididymitis|pain den swelling of one anaa both testicles]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/> De infection fi spread to de upper genital tract insyd women, wey dey cause [[pelvic inflammatory disease]], wich fi result in future [[infertility]] anaa [[ectopic pregnancy]].<ref name="CDC2015">{{cite web |title=2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines |url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/chlamydia.htm |publisher=CDC |access-date=10 June 2016|date=4 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611072758/http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/chlamydia.htm|archive-date=11 June 2016}}</ref> Chlamydia infections fi occur insyd oda areas besides de genitals, wey dey include de anus, eyes, throat, den lymph nodes. Repeated chlamydia infections of de eyes wey go widout treatment fi result in [[trachoma]], a common cause of blindness insyd de [[developing world]].<ref name="CDC2009Eye">{{cite web | title = CDC – Trachoma, Hygiene-related Diseases, Healthy Water | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url = https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/trachoma.html | access-date = 24 July 2015 | date = 28 December 2009 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150905105656/http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/trachoma.html | archive-date = 5 September 2015 }}</ref> Chlamydia fi be spread during [[vaginal intercourse|vaginal]], [[anal sex|anal]], [[oral sex|oral]], anaa [[Non-penetrative sex#Manual sex|manual sex]] wey e fi be passed from an infected mommie to ein baby during childbirth.<ref name="CDCFact2016">{{cite web |title=Chlamydia – CDC Fact Sheet |url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia.htm |publisher=CDC |access-date=10 June 2016|date=19 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611024217/http://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia.htm|archive-date=11 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last1 = Hoyle | first1 = Alice | last2 = McGeeney | first2 = Ester |title=Great Relationships and Sex Education|publisher=Taylor and Francis|year=2019|access-date=11 July 2023|isbn=978-1-35118-825-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KE7ADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT261}}</ref> De eye infections sanso fi be spread by personal contact, flies, den contaminated towels insyd areas plus poor sanitation.<ref name=CDC2009Eye/> Infection by de bacterium ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' only dey occur insyd humans.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Graeter L |title=Elsevier's Medical Laboratory Science Examination Review|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-29241-2|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc9sBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910235426/https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc9sBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|archive-date=10 September 2017}}</ref> Diagnosis often be by [[screening test|screening]], wich be recommended yearly insyd sexually active women under de age of 25, odas at higher risk, den at de first [[prenatal visit]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/><ref name=CDC2015/> Testing fi be done on de urine anaa a swab of de cervix, vagina, anaa [[urethra]].<ref name=CDC2015/> Rectal anaa mouth swabs be required to diagnose infections insyd those areas.<ref name=CDC2015/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] bzncwjgb4b3g1rqujw037gm5piwd2cp 116350 116349 2026-11-07T19:09:58Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chlamydia''', be more specifically a '''chlamydia infection''', be a [[sexually transmitted disease|sexually transmitted infection]] wey de bacterium ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'' cause.<ref name=CDCStats2015/> Chaw people wey be infected no get symptoms.<ref name=CDCFact2016/> Wen symptoms do appear, dem fi occur only several weeks after infection;<ref name=CDCFact2016/> de [[incubation period]] between exposure wey e be able to infect odas be thought to be on de order of two to six weeks.<ref>{{cite book|title=Krasner's Microbial Challenge|date=2018|page=366| vauthors = Shors T }}</ref> Symptoms insyd women fi include [[vaginal discharge]] anaa [[burning with urination]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/> Symptoms insyd men fi include discharge from de penis, burning plus urination, anaa [[epididymitis|pain den swelling of one anaa both testicles]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/> De infection fi spread to de upper genital tract insyd women, wey dey cause [[pelvic inflammatory disease]], wich fi result in future [[infertility]] anaa [[ectopic pregnancy]].<ref name="CDC2015">{{cite web |title=2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines |url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/chlamydia.htm |publisher=CDC |access-date=10 June 2016|date=4 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611072758/http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/chlamydia.htm|archive-date=11 June 2016}}</ref> Chlamydia infections fi occur insyd oda areas besides de genitals, wey dey include de anus, eyes, throat, den lymph nodes. Repeated chlamydia infections of de eyes wey go widout treatment fi result in [[trachoma]], a common cause of blindness insyd de [[developing world]].<ref name="CDC2009Eye">{{cite web | title = CDC – Trachoma, Hygiene-related Diseases, Healthy Water | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url = https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/trachoma.html | access-date = 24 July 2015 | date = 28 December 2009 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150905105656/http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/trachoma.html | archive-date = 5 September 2015 }}</ref> Chlamydia fi be spread during [[vaginal intercourse|vaginal]], [[anal sex|anal]], [[oral sex|oral]], anaa [[Non-penetrative sex#Manual sex|manual sex]] wey e fi be passed from an infected mommie to ein baby during childbirth.<ref name="CDCFact2016">{{cite web |title=Chlamydia – CDC Fact Sheet |url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia.htm |publisher=CDC |access-date=10 June 2016|date=19 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611024217/http://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia.htm|archive-date=11 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last1 = Hoyle | first1 = Alice | last2 = McGeeney | first2 = Ester |title=Great Relationships and Sex Education|publisher=Taylor and Francis|year=2019|access-date=11 July 2023|isbn=978-1-35118-825-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KE7ADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT261}}</ref> De eye infections sanso fi be spread by personal contact, flies, den contaminated towels insyd areas plus poor sanitation.<ref name=CDC2009Eye/> Infection by de bacterium ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' only dey occur insyd humans.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Graeter L |title=Elsevier's Medical Laboratory Science Examination Review|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-29241-2|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc9sBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910235426/https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc9sBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|archive-date=10 September 2017}}</ref> Diagnosis often be by [[screening test|screening]], wich be recommended yearly insyd sexually active women under de age of 25, odas at higher risk, den at de first [[prenatal visit]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/><ref name=CDC2015/> Testing fi be done on de urine anaa a swab of de cervix, vagina, anaa [[urethra]].<ref name=CDC2015/> Rectal anaa mouth swabs be required to diagnose infections insyd those areas.<ref name=CDC2015/> Prevention be by [[Sexual abstinence|not having sex]], de use of [[condom]]s, anaa having sex plus one oda person per, wey no be infected.<ref name=CDCFact2016/> Chlamydia fi be cured by [[antibiotic]]s, plus typically either [[azithromycin]] anaa [[doxycycline]] be used.<ref name=CDC2015/> [[Erythromycin]] anaa azithromycin be recommended insyd babies den during [[pregnancy]].<ref name=CDC2015/> Sexual partners sanso for be treated, den infected people for be advised make dem no have sex for seven days den til symptom free.<ref name=CDC2015/> [[Gonorrhea]], [[syphilis]], den [[HIV/AIDS|HIV]] for be tested for insyd those wey be infected.<ref name=CDC2015/> Following treatment, people san for be tested after three months.<ref name=CDC2015/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 8ht1w19lw09ng62i5xxyf6lrs8aw7dk 116351 116350 2026-11-07T19:13:01Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chlamydia''', be more specifically a '''chlamydia infection''', be a [[sexually transmitted disease|sexually transmitted infection]] wey de bacterium ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'' cause.<ref name=CDCStats2015/> Chaw people wey be infected no get symptoms.<ref name=CDCFact2016/> Wen symptoms do appear, dem fi occur only several weeks after infection;<ref name=CDCFact2016/> de [[incubation period]] between exposure wey e be able to infect odas be thought to be on de order of two to six weeks.<ref>{{cite book|title=Krasner's Microbial Challenge|date=2018|page=366| vauthors = Shors T }}</ref> Symptoms insyd women fi include [[vaginal discharge]] anaa [[burning with urination]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/> Symptoms insyd men fi include discharge from de penis, burning plus urination, anaa [[epididymitis|pain den swelling of one anaa both testicles]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/> De infection fi spread to de upper genital tract insyd women, wey dey cause [[pelvic inflammatory disease]], wich fi result in future [[infertility]] anaa [[ectopic pregnancy]].<ref name="CDC2015">{{cite web |title=2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines |url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/chlamydia.htm |publisher=CDC |access-date=10 June 2016|date=4 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611072758/http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/chlamydia.htm|archive-date=11 June 2016}}</ref> Chlamydia infections fi occur insyd oda areas besides de genitals, wey dey include de anus, eyes, throat, den lymph nodes. Repeated chlamydia infections of de eyes wey go widout treatment fi result in [[trachoma]], a common cause of blindness insyd de [[developing world]].<ref name="CDC2009Eye">{{cite web | title = CDC – Trachoma, Hygiene-related Diseases, Healthy Water | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url = https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/trachoma.html | access-date = 24 July 2015 | date = 28 December 2009 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150905105656/http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/trachoma.html | archive-date = 5 September 2015 }}</ref> Chlamydia fi be spread during [[vaginal intercourse|vaginal]], [[anal sex|anal]], [[oral sex|oral]], anaa [[Non-penetrative sex#Manual sex|manual sex]] wey e fi be passed from an infected mommie to ein baby during childbirth.<ref name="CDCFact2016">{{cite web |title=Chlamydia – CDC Fact Sheet |url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia.htm |publisher=CDC |access-date=10 June 2016|date=19 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611024217/http://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia.htm|archive-date=11 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last1 = Hoyle | first1 = Alice | last2 = McGeeney | first2 = Ester |title=Great Relationships and Sex Education|publisher=Taylor and Francis|year=2019|access-date=11 July 2023|isbn=978-1-35118-825-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KE7ADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT261}}</ref> De eye infections sanso fi be spread by personal contact, flies, den contaminated towels insyd areas plus poor sanitation.<ref name=CDC2009Eye/> Infection by de bacterium ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' only dey occur insyd humans.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Graeter L |title=Elsevier's Medical Laboratory Science Examination Review|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-29241-2|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc9sBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910235426/https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc9sBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|archive-date=10 September 2017}}</ref> Diagnosis often be by [[screening test|screening]], wich be recommended yearly insyd sexually active women under de age of 25, odas at higher risk, den at de first [[prenatal visit]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/><ref name=CDC2015/> Testing fi be done on de urine anaa a swab of de cervix, vagina, anaa [[urethra]].<ref name=CDC2015/> Rectal anaa mouth swabs be required to diagnose infections insyd those areas.<ref name=CDC2015/> Prevention be by [[Sexual abstinence|not having sex]], de use of [[condom]]s, anaa having sex plus one oda person per, wey no be infected.<ref name=CDCFact2016/> Chlamydia fi be cured by [[antibiotic]]s, plus typically either [[azithromycin]] anaa [[doxycycline]] be used.<ref name=CDC2015/> [[Erythromycin]] anaa azithromycin be recommended insyd babies den during [[pregnancy]].<ref name=CDC2015/> Sexual partners sanso for be treated, den infected people for be advised make dem no have sex for seven days den til symptom free.<ref name=CDC2015/> [[Gonorrhea]], [[syphilis]], den [[HIV/AIDS|HIV]] for be tested for insyd those wey be infected.<ref name=CDC2015/> Following treatment, people san for be tested after three months.<ref name=CDC2015/> Chlamydia be one of de most common sexually transmitted infections, wey dey affect about 4.2% of women den 2.7% of men worldwide.<ref name="New2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Newman L, Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Wijesooriya NS, Unemo M, Low N, Stevens G, Gottlieb S, Kiarie J, Temmerman M | title = Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting | journal = PLOS One | volume = 10 | issue = 12 | article-number = e0143304 | date = 8 December 2015 | pmid = 26646541 | pmc = 4672879 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0143304 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2015PLoSO..1043304N }}</ref><ref name="WHO2015Fact">{{cite web|title=Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Fact sheet N°110|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs110/en/|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=10 June 2016|date=December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125133056/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs110/en/|archive-date=25 November 2014}}</ref> Insyd 2015, na about 61 million new cases occur globally.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 | vauthors = Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, Carter A, Casey DC, Charlson FJ, Chen AZ, Coggeshall M, Cornaby L, Dandona L, Dicker DJ, Dilegge T, Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming T, Forouzanfar MH, Fullman N, Gething PW, Goldberg EM, Graetz N, Haagsma JA, Hay SI, Johnson CO, Kassebaum NJ, Kawashima T, Kemmer L, etal }}</ref> Insyd de [[United States]], na about 1.4 million cases be reported insyd 2014.<ref name="CDCStats2015">{{cite web|title=2014 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance Chlamydia|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/chlamydia.htm|access-date=10 June 2016|date=17 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610151338/http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/chlamydia.htm|archive-date=10 June 2016}}</ref> Infections be most common among those between de ages of 15 den 25 den be more common insyd women dan men.<ref name=CDC2015/><ref name=CDCStats2015/> Insyd 2015, infections result in about 200 deaths.<ref name="GBD2015De">{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 | vauthors = Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, Casey DC, Charlson FJ, Chen AZ, Coates MM, Coggeshall M, Dandona L, Dicker DJ, Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Foreman K, Forouzanfar MH, Fraser MS, Fullman N, Gething PW, Goldberg EM, Graetz N, Haagsma JA, Hay SI, Huynh C, Johnson CO, Kassebaum NJ, Kinfu Y, Kulikoff XR, etal }}</ref> De word ''chlamydia'' be from de [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] {{Lang|grc|χλαμύδα}}, wey dey mean 'cloak'.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Stevenson A |title=Oxford dictionary of English.|date=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-19-957112-3|page=306|edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=anecAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA306|access-date=10 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910235426/https://books.google.com/books?id=anecAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA306|archive-date=10 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Byrne GI | title = Chlamydia uncloaked | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 100 | issue = 14 | pages = 8040–8042 | date = July 2003 | pmid = 12835422 | pmc = 166176 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1533181100 | bibcode = 2003PNAS..100.8040B | quote = The term was coined based on the incorrect conclusion that Chlamydia are intracellular protozoan pathogens that appear to cloak the nucleus of infected cells. | doi-access = free }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 9j0owe44h9f71vzdazk822dul6hc2pz 116356 116351 2026-11-07T19:47:42Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chlamydia''', be more specifically a '''chlamydia infection''', be a [[sexually transmitted disease|sexually transmitted infection]] wey de bacterium ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'' cause.<ref name=CDCStats2015/> Chaw people wey be infected no get symptoms.<ref name=CDCFact2016/> Wen symptoms do appear, dem fi occur only several weeks after infection;<ref name=CDCFact2016/> de [[incubation period]] between exposure wey e be able to infect odas be thought to be on de order of two to six weeks.<ref>{{cite book|title=Krasner's Microbial Challenge|date=2018|page=366| vauthors = Shors T }}</ref> Symptoms insyd women fi include [[vaginal discharge]] anaa [[burning with urination]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/> Symptoms insyd men fi include discharge from de penis, burning plus urination, anaa [[epididymitis|pain den swelling of one anaa both testicles]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/> De infection fi spread to de upper genital tract insyd women, wey dey cause [[pelvic inflammatory disease]], wich fi result in future [[infertility]] anaa [[ectopic pregnancy]].<ref name="CDC2015">{{cite web |title=2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines |url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/chlamydia.htm |publisher=CDC |access-date=10 June 2016|date=4 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611072758/http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/chlamydia.htm|archive-date=11 June 2016}}</ref> Chlamydia infections fi occur insyd oda areas besides de genitals, wey dey include de anus, eyes, throat, den lymph nodes. Repeated chlamydia infections of de eyes wey go widout treatment fi result in [[trachoma]], a common cause of blindness insyd de [[developing world]].<ref name="CDC2009Eye">{{cite web | title = CDC – Trachoma, Hygiene-related Diseases, Healthy Water | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url = https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/trachoma.html | access-date = 24 July 2015 | date = 28 December 2009 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150905105656/http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/trachoma.html | archive-date = 5 September 2015 }}</ref> Chlamydia fi be spread during [[vaginal intercourse|vaginal]], [[anal sex|anal]], [[oral sex|oral]], anaa [[Non-penetrative sex#Manual sex|manual sex]] wey e fi be passed from an infected mommie to ein baby during childbirth.<ref name="CDCFact2016">{{cite web |title=Chlamydia – CDC Fact Sheet |url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia.htm |publisher=CDC |access-date=10 June 2016|date=19 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611024217/http://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia.htm|archive-date=11 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last1 = Hoyle | first1 = Alice | last2 = McGeeney | first2 = Ester |title=Great Relationships and Sex Education|publisher=Taylor and Francis|year=2019|access-date=11 July 2023|isbn=978-1-35118-825-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KE7ADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT261}}</ref> De eye infections sanso fi be spread by personal contact, flies, den contaminated towels insyd areas plus poor sanitation.<ref name=CDC2009Eye/> Infection by de bacterium ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' only dey occur insyd humans.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Graeter L |title=Elsevier's Medical Laboratory Science Examination Review|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-29241-2|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc9sBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910235426/https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc9sBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|archive-date=10 September 2017}}</ref> Diagnosis often be by [[screening test|screening]], wich be recommended yearly insyd sexually active women under de age of 25, odas at higher risk, den at de first [[prenatal visit]].<ref name=CDCFact2016/><ref name=CDC2015/> Testing fi be done on de urine anaa a swab of de cervix, vagina, anaa [[urethra]].<ref name=CDC2015/> Rectal anaa mouth swabs be required to diagnose infections insyd those areas.<ref name=CDC2015/> Prevention be by [[Sexual abstinence|not having sex]], de use of [[condom]]s, anaa having sex plus one oda person per, wey no be infected.<ref name=CDCFact2016/> Chlamydia fi be cured by [[antibiotic]]s, plus typically either [[azithromycin]] anaa [[doxycycline]] be used.<ref name=CDC2015/> [[Erythromycin]] anaa azithromycin be recommended insyd babies den during [[pregnancy]].<ref name=CDC2015/> Sexual partners sanso for be treated, den infected people for be advised make dem no have sex for seven days den til symptom free.<ref name=CDC2015/> [[Gonorrhea]], [[syphilis]], den [[HIV/AIDS|HIV]] for be tested for insyd those wey be infected.<ref name=CDC2015/> Following treatment, people san for be tested after three months.<ref name=CDC2015/> Chlamydia be one of de most common sexually transmitted infections, wey dey affect about 4.2% of women den 2.7% of men worldwide.<ref name="New2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Newman L, Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Wijesooriya NS, Unemo M, Low N, Stevens G, Gottlieb S, Kiarie J, Temmerman M | title = Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting | journal = PLOS One | volume = 10 | issue = 12 | article-number = e0143304 | date = 8 December 2015 | pmid = 26646541 | pmc = 4672879 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0143304 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2015PLoSO..1043304N }}</ref><ref name="WHO2015Fact">{{cite web|title=Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Fact sheet N°110|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs110/en/|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=10 June 2016|date=December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125133056/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs110/en/|archive-date=25 November 2014}}</ref> Insyd 2015, na about 61 million new cases occur globally.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 | vauthors = Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, Carter A, Casey DC, Charlson FJ, Chen AZ, Coggeshall M, Cornaby L, Dandona L, Dicker DJ, Dilegge T, Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming T, Forouzanfar MH, Fullman N, Gething PW, Goldberg EM, Graetz N, Haagsma JA, Hay SI, Johnson CO, Kassebaum NJ, Kawashima T, Kemmer L, etal }}</ref> Insyd de [[United States]], na about 1.4 million cases be reported insyd 2014.<ref name="CDCStats2015">{{cite web|title=2014 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance Chlamydia|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/chlamydia.htm|access-date=10 June 2016|date=17 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610151338/http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/chlamydia.htm|archive-date=10 June 2016}}</ref> Infections be most common among those between de ages of 15 den 25 den be more common insyd women dan men.<ref name=CDC2015/><ref name=CDCStats2015/> Insyd 2015, infections result in about 200 deaths.<ref name="GBD2015De">{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 | vauthors = Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, Casey DC, Charlson FJ, Chen AZ, Coates MM, Coggeshall M, Dandona L, Dicker DJ, Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Foreman K, Forouzanfar MH, Fraser MS, Fullman N, Gething PW, Goldberg EM, Graetz N, Haagsma JA, Hay SI, Huynh C, Johnson CO, Kassebaum NJ, Kinfu Y, Kulikoff XR, etal }}</ref> De word ''chlamydia'' be from de [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] {{Lang|grc|χλαμύδα}}, wey dey mean 'cloak'.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Stevenson A |title=Oxford dictionary of English.|date=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-19-957112-3|page=306|edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=anecAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA306|access-date=10 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910235426/https://books.google.com/books?id=anecAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA306|archive-date=10 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Byrne GI | title = Chlamydia uncloaked | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 100 | issue = 14 | pages = 8040–8042 | date = July 2003 | pmid = 12835422 | pmc = 166176 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1533181100 | bibcode = 2003PNAS..100.8040B | quote = The term was coined based on the incorrect conclusion that Chlamydia are intracellular protozoan pathogens that appear to cloak the nucleus of infected cells. | doi-access = free }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{commons category|Chlamydia infections}} * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chlamydia WHO fact sheet on chlamydia] * [https://www.cdc.gov/chlamydia/about/ About Chlamydia] from the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]] * [https://data.niaid.nih.gov/diseases/chlamydia NIAID Data Ecosystem - Chlamydia] {{Offline|med}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chlamydia Infection}} [[Category:Sexually transmitted infections]] [[Category:Chlamydia infections| ]] [[Category:Chlamydiota]] [[Category:Infectious causes of cancer]] [[Category:Vaccine-preventable diseases]] [[Category:Infections plus a predominantly sexual mode of transmission]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] aze3oed8lyouqdijnixntybk2cree0v 14 31405 116357 2026-11-07T19:48:56Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116357 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31406 116358 2026-11-07T19:49:06Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116358 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 31407 116368 2026-11-07T21:56:46Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1459197|Lichen sclerosus]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 116368 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lichen sclerosus''' ('''LS''' == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r1ogw0umtn0njh30g98rmhq0mmdayj8 14 31408 116372 2026-11-07T22:17:40Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116372 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31409 116373 2026-11-07T22:17:54Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116373 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31410 116375 2026-11-07T22:47:06Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116375 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31411 116377 2026-11-07T23:08:57Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116377 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10 31412 116486 2026-11-08T11:57:18Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh template 116486 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+Key |{{Pending|{{dagger|alt=Denotes film or TV productions that have not yet been released}}}} |Denotes films that have not yet been released |}<noinclude> {{Documentation|content= == Usage == Use {{tlc|Pending films key}} to create key legend placed above list tables that include pending (filming{{\}}post-production - no [[WP:CRSTAL]]) films. == See also == * [[Template:Pending film]] - for an individual pending (filming{{\}}post-production) film in list table * [[Template:Pending series key]] - key placed above list tables that include pending (filming{{\}}post-production) television series * [[Template:Pending series]] - for an individual pending (filming{{\}}post-production) television series in list table }} [[Category:Film templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 0z5aeo9hx7ogy1ngnhiuseoewxsyqjo 14 31413 116487 2026-11-08T11:58:51Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116487 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1