Wikipedia gpewiki https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.4 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 31492 116680 116658 2026-11-11T16:57:49Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Levothyroxine''', dem sanso know as '''{{small|L}}-thyroxine''', be a synthetic form of de [[thyroid hormone]] thyroxine (T₄).<ref name="AHFS2016" /><ref name="King2010" /> E be used to treat [[hypothyroidism|thyroid hormone deficiency]] (hypothyroidism), wey dey include a severe form dem know as [[myxedema coma]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> E sanso fi be used to treat den prevent certain types of [[thyroid tumors]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> E no be indicated for [[weight loss]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Dem dey take levothyroxine [[oral administration|orally]] (by mouth) anaa given by [[intravenously|intravenous injection]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Levothyroxine get a [[Biological half-life|half-life]] of 7.5 days wen taken daily, so about six weeks be required give am to reach a steady level insyd de blood.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Side effects from excessive doses dey include weight loss, [[Heat intolerance|trouble tolerating heat]], sweating, anxiety, trouble sleeping, [[tremor]], den [[fast heart rate]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ein use no be recommended insyd people wey na dem recent get [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Na dem find ein use during [[pregnancy]] to be safe.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Dosing for be based on regular measurements of [[thyroid-stimulating hormone]] (TSH) den T₄ levels insyd de blood.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Much of de effect of levothyroxine dey follow ein conversion to [[triiodothyronine]] (T₃).<ref name="AHFS2016">{{cite web|title=Levothyroxine Sodium|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/levothyroxine-sodium.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221013136/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/levothyroxine-sodium.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] sio06c4gxc91lv6ij6ypxh72idg8h4m 116681 116680 2026-11-11T17:02:47Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Levothyroxine''', dem sanso know as '''{{small|L}}-thyroxine''', be a synthetic form of de [[thyroid hormone]] thyroxine (T₄).<ref name="AHFS2016" /><ref name="King2010" /> E be used to treat [[hypothyroidism|thyroid hormone deficiency]] (hypothyroidism), wey dey include a severe form dem know as [[myxedema coma]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> E sanso fi be used to treat den prevent certain types of [[thyroid tumors]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> E no be indicated for [[weight loss]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Dem dey take levothyroxine [[oral administration|orally]] (by mouth) anaa given by [[intravenously|intravenous injection]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Levothyroxine get a [[Biological half-life|half-life]] of 7.5 days wen taken daily, so about six weeks be required give am to reach a steady level insyd de blood.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Side effects from excessive doses dey include weight loss, [[Heat intolerance|trouble tolerating heat]], sweating, anxiety, trouble sleeping, [[tremor]], den [[fast heart rate]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ein use no be recommended insyd people wey na dem recent get [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Na dem find ein use during [[pregnancy]] to be safe.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Dosing for be based on regular measurements of [[thyroid-stimulating hormone]] (TSH) den T₄ levels insyd de blood.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Much of de effect of levothyroxine dey follow ein conversion to [[triiodothyronine]] (T₃).<ref name="AHFS2016">{{cite web|title=Levothyroxine Sodium|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/levothyroxine-sodium.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221013136/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/levothyroxine-sodium.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> Na dem first make levothyroxine insyd 1927.<ref name=King2010>{{cite book| vauthors = King TL, Brucker MC |title=Pharmacology for Women's Health|date=2010|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=978-1-4496-5800-7|page=544|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E9qVyrNPsBkC&pg=PA544|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910234123/https://books.google.com/books?id=E9qVyrNPsBkC&pg=PA544|archive-date=10 September 2017}}</ref> E dey on de [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO24th">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = The selection and use of essential medicines, 2025: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list | year = 2025 | hdl = 10665/382243 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | hdl-access = free | doi = 10.2471/B09474 | doi-access = free | id = License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO }}</ref> Levothyroxine be available as a [[generic medication]].<ref name=AHFS2016/> Insyd 2024, na e be de second most commonly prescribed medication insyd de [[United States]], plus more dan 82{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2024 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=6 November 2026 | archive-date=6 November 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261106222819/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Levothyroxine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2024 |url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Levothyroxine |access-date=10 August 2026 |website=ClinCalc}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 3l7wdpkwl5yeu71m5iaggt6dostz10k 116682 116681 2026-11-11T17:12:36Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Levothyroxine''', dem sanso know as '''{{small|L}}-thyroxine''', be a synthetic form of de [[thyroid hormone]] thyroxine (T₄).<ref name="AHFS2016" /><ref name="King2010" /> E be used to treat [[hypothyroidism|thyroid hormone deficiency]] (hypothyroidism), wey dey include a severe form dem know as [[myxedema coma]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> E sanso fi be used to treat den prevent certain types of [[thyroid tumors]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> E no be indicated for [[weight loss]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Dem dey take levothyroxine [[oral administration|orally]] (by mouth) anaa given by [[intravenously|intravenous injection]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Levothyroxine get a [[Biological half-life|half-life]] of 7.5 days wen taken daily, so about six weeks be required give am to reach a steady level insyd de blood.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Side effects from excessive doses dey include weight loss, [[Heat intolerance|trouble tolerating heat]], sweating, anxiety, trouble sleeping, [[tremor]], den [[fast heart rate]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ein use no be recommended insyd people wey na dem recent get [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Na dem find ein use during [[pregnancy]] to be safe.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Dosing for be based on regular measurements of [[thyroid-stimulating hormone]] (TSH) den T₄ levels insyd de blood.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Much of de effect of levothyroxine dey follow ein conversion to [[triiodothyronine]] (T₃).<ref name="AHFS2016">{{cite web|title=Levothyroxine Sodium|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/levothyroxine-sodium.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221013136/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/levothyroxine-sodium.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> Na dem first make levothyroxine insyd 1927.<ref name=King2010>{{cite book| vauthors = King TL, Brucker MC |title=Pharmacology for Women's Health|date=2010|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=978-1-4496-5800-7|page=544|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E9qVyrNPsBkC&pg=PA544|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910234123/https://books.google.com/books?id=E9qVyrNPsBkC&pg=PA544|archive-date=10 September 2017}}</ref> E dey on de [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO24th">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = The selection and use of essential medicines, 2025: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list | year = 2025 | hdl = 10665/382243 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | hdl-access = free | doi = 10.2471/B09474 | doi-access = free | id = License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO }}</ref> Levothyroxine be available as a [[generic medication]].<ref name=AHFS2016/> Insyd 2024, na e be de second most commonly prescribed medication insyd de [[United States]], plus more dan 82{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2024 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=6 November 2026 | archive-date=6 November 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261106222819/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Levothyroxine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2024 |url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Levothyroxine |access-date=10 August 2026 |website=ClinCalc}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite web | title=Real-world Evidence from a Narrow Therapeutic Index Product (Levothyroxine) Reflects the Therapeutic Equivalence of Generic Drug Products | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=19 November 2020 | url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/news-events-human-drugs/real-world-evidence-narrow-therapeutic-index-product-levothyroxine-reflects-therapeutic-equivalence | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002210651/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/news-events-human-drugs/real-world-evidence-narrow-therapeutic-index-product-levothyroxine-reflects-therapeutic-equivalence | url-status=dead | archive-date=2 October 2020 }} * [https://medspeakpro.org/terms/levothyroxine/ Levothyroxine pronunciation guide – audio, phonetic spelling, and syllable breakdown] [[Category:Drugs wey AbbVie develop]] [[Category:Hormones of de hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis]] [[Category:Hormones of de thyroid gland]] [[Category:Iodinated tyrosine derivatives]] [[Category:Drugs wey Merck develop]] [[Category:Drugs wey Pfizer develop]] [[Category:Thyroid hormone receptor agonists]] [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]] [[Category:Iodine-containing natural products]] [[Category:Organoiodides]] [[Category:1914 insyd science]] [[Category:1914 insyd de United States]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] afm2tox5moj5v1zw4h1p73tsp35rcn7 14 31493 116683 2026-11-11T17:13:32Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116683 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31494 116684 2026-11-11T17:15:18Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116684 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31495 116685 2026-11-11T17:15:52Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116685 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31496 116686 2026-11-11T17:17:08Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116686 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31497 116687 2026-11-11T17:18:45Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116687 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31498 116688 2026-11-11T17:18:57Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116688 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31499 116689 2026-11-11T17:19:15Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116689 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31500 116690 2026-11-11T17:19:28Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116690 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 31501 116691 2026-11-11T17:22:01Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456229|Shock (circulatory)]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 116691 wikitext text/x-wiki == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] lv7phf3xzu26ynuxyy396ffgo8ljw9w 116692 116691 2026-11-11T17:31:53Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shock''' be de state of insufficient [[blood flow]] to de [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]]s of de body as a result of problems plus de [[circulatory system]]. Initial symptoms of shock fi include weakness, [[tachycardia|elevated heart rate]], [[hyperventilation|fast breathing]], [[sweating]], anxiety, den increased thirst.<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Dis fi be followed by confusion, [[unconsciousness]], anaa [[cardiac arrest]], as complications worsen.<ref name="ITLSPg172">{{Cite book |title=International Trauma Life Support for Emergency Care Providers |date=2018 |publisher=Pearson Education Limited |isbn=978-1292-17084-8 |edition=8 |pages=172–73}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == 7z8uk466haj06f4dw1dncoc395bi06u 116693 116692 2026-11-11T17:35:49Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shock''' be de state of insufficient [[blood flow]] to de [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]]s of de body as a result of problems plus de [[circulatory system]]. Initial symptoms of shock fi include weakness, [[tachycardia|elevated heart rate]], [[hyperventilation|fast breathing]], [[sweating]], anxiety, den increased thirst.<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Dis fi be followed by confusion, [[unconsciousness]], anaa [[cardiac arrest]], as complications worsen.<ref name="ITLSPg172">{{Cite book |title=International Trauma Life Support for Emergency Care Providers |date=2018 |publisher=Pearson Education Limited |isbn=978-1292-17084-8 |edition=8 |pages=172–73}}</ref> Shock be divided into four main types based on de underlying cause: [[Hypovolemic shock|hypovolemic]], [[Cardiogenic shock|cardiogenic]], [[Obstructive shock|obstructive]], den [[distributive shock]].<ref name="ATLS2018">{{Cite book |title=ATLS – Advanced Trauma Life Support – Student Course Manual |date=2018 |publisher=American College of Surgeons |isbn=978-78-0-9968267 |edition=10 |pages=43–52, 135}}</ref> Hypovolemic shock, dem sanso know as low volume shock, fi be from bleeding, [[diarrhea]], anaa vomiting.<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Cardiogenic shock fi be secof a [[heart attack]] anaa [[cardiac contusion]].<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Obstructive shock fi be secof [[cardiac tamponade]] anaa a [[tension pneumothorax]].<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Distributive shock fi be secof [[sepsis]], [[anaphylaxis]], [[Neurogenic shock|injury to de upper spinal cord]], anaa certain [[overdose]]s.<ref name=ITLSPg172/><ref name="Stat2019Dis">{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=N |last2=Lopez |first2=RA |last3=Silberman |first3=M |date=January 2019 |title=Distributive Shock |journal=StatPearls (Internet) |pmid=29261964}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 3qkhkvuddxhuq476dmc4n9rifx3vnf4 116707 116693 2026-11-11T18:52:06Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shock''' be de state of insufficient [[blood flow]] to de [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]]s of de body as a result of problems plus de [[circulatory system]]. Initial symptoms of shock fi include weakness, [[tachycardia|elevated heart rate]], [[hyperventilation|fast breathing]], [[sweating]], anxiety, den increased thirst.<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Dis fi be followed by confusion, [[unconsciousness]], anaa [[cardiac arrest]], as complications worsen.<ref name="ITLSPg172">{{Cite book |title=International Trauma Life Support for Emergency Care Providers |date=2018 |publisher=Pearson Education Limited |isbn=978-1292-17084-8 |edition=8 |pages=172–73}}</ref> Shock be divided into four main types based on de underlying cause: [[Hypovolemic shock|hypovolemic]], [[Cardiogenic shock|cardiogenic]], [[Obstructive shock|obstructive]], den [[distributive shock]].<ref name="ATLS2018">{{Cite book |title=ATLS – Advanced Trauma Life Support – Student Course Manual |date=2018 |publisher=American College of Surgeons |isbn=978-78-0-9968267 |edition=10 |pages=43–52, 135}}</ref> Hypovolemic shock, dem sanso know as low volume shock, fi be from bleeding, [[diarrhea]], anaa vomiting.<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Cardiogenic shock fi be secof a [[heart attack]] anaa [[cardiac contusion]].<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Obstructive shock fi be secof [[cardiac tamponade]] anaa a [[tension pneumothorax]].<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Distributive shock fi be secof [[sepsis]], [[anaphylaxis]], [[Neurogenic shock|injury to de upper spinal cord]], anaa certain [[overdose]]s.<ref name=ITLSPg172/><ref name="Stat2019Dis">{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=N |last2=Lopez |first2=RA |last3=Silberman |first3=M |date=January 2019 |title=Distributive Shock |journal=StatPearls (Internet) |pmid=29261964}}</ref> De diagnosis generally be based on a combination of symptoms, [[physical examination]], den laboratory tests.<ref name=ATLS2018/> A decreased [[pulse pressure]] ([[systolic blood pressure]] minus [[diastolic blood pressure]]) anaa a fast heart rate dey raise concerns.<ref name=ITLSPg172/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 68e0xovq1lxltiscqbyiupielnkl8hl 116708 116707 2026-11-11T18:54:39Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shock''' be de state of insufficient [[blood flow]] to de [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]]s of de body as a result of problems plus de [[circulatory system]]. Initial symptoms of shock fi include weakness, [[tachycardia|elevated heart rate]], [[hyperventilation|fast breathing]], [[sweating]], anxiety, den increased thirst.<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Dis fi be followed by confusion, [[unconsciousness]], anaa [[cardiac arrest]], as complications worsen.<ref name="ITLSPg172">{{Cite book |title=International Trauma Life Support for Emergency Care Providers |date=2018 |publisher=Pearson Education Limited |isbn=978-1292-17084-8 |edition=8 |pages=172–73}}</ref> Shock be divided into four main types based on de underlying cause: [[Hypovolemic shock|hypovolemic]], [[Cardiogenic shock|cardiogenic]], [[Obstructive shock|obstructive]], den [[distributive shock]].<ref name="ATLS2018">{{Cite book |title=ATLS – Advanced Trauma Life Support – Student Course Manual |date=2018 |publisher=American College of Surgeons |isbn=978-78-0-9968267 |edition=10 |pages=43–52, 135}}</ref> Hypovolemic shock, dem sanso know as low volume shock, fi be from bleeding, [[diarrhea]], anaa vomiting.<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Cardiogenic shock fi be secof a [[heart attack]] anaa [[cardiac contusion]].<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Obstructive shock fi be secof [[cardiac tamponade]] anaa a [[tension pneumothorax]].<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Distributive shock fi be secof [[sepsis]], [[anaphylaxis]], [[Neurogenic shock|injury to de upper spinal cord]], anaa certain [[overdose]]s.<ref name=ITLSPg172/><ref name="Stat2019Dis">{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=N |last2=Lopez |first2=RA |last3=Silberman |first3=M |date=January 2019 |title=Distributive Shock |journal=StatPearls (Internet) |pmid=29261964}}</ref> De diagnosis generally be based on a combination of symptoms, [[physical examination]], den laboratory tests.<ref name=ATLS2018/> A decreased [[pulse pressure]] ([[systolic blood pressure]] minus [[diastolic blood pressure]]) anaa a fast heart rate dey raise concerns.<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Shock be a medical emergency den dey require urgent medical care. If shock be suspected, emergency help for be called immediately. While waiting for medical care, de individual for be, if safe, laid down (except insyd cases of suspected head anaa back injuries). De legs for be raised if possible, den de person for be kept warm. If de person be unresponsive, breathing for be monitored den CPR fi dey hia to be performed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shock |url=https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/shock |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=Red Cross |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104135009/https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/shock |url-status=live }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] j928ltzheyahbrivcehyx7x78ywo3sy 116709 116708 2026-11-11T19:00:05Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shock''' be de state of insufficient [[blood flow]] to de [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]]s of de body as a result of problems plus de [[circulatory system]]. Initial symptoms of shock fi include weakness, [[tachycardia|elevated heart rate]], [[hyperventilation|fast breathing]], [[sweating]], anxiety, den increased thirst.<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Dis fi be followed by confusion, [[unconsciousness]], anaa [[cardiac arrest]], as complications worsen.<ref name="ITLSPg172">{{Cite book |title=International Trauma Life Support for Emergency Care Providers |date=2018 |publisher=Pearson Education Limited |isbn=978-1292-17084-8 |edition=8 |pages=172–73}}</ref> Shock be divided into four main types based on de underlying cause: [[Hypovolemic shock|hypovolemic]], [[Cardiogenic shock|cardiogenic]], [[Obstructive shock|obstructive]], den [[distributive shock]].<ref name="ATLS2018">{{Cite book |title=ATLS – Advanced Trauma Life Support – Student Course Manual |date=2018 |publisher=American College of Surgeons |isbn=978-78-0-9968267 |edition=10 |pages=43–52, 135}}</ref> Hypovolemic shock, dem sanso know as low volume shock, fi be from bleeding, [[diarrhea]], anaa vomiting.<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Cardiogenic shock fi be secof a [[heart attack]] anaa [[cardiac contusion]].<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Obstructive shock fi be secof [[cardiac tamponade]] anaa a [[tension pneumothorax]].<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Distributive shock fi be secof [[sepsis]], [[anaphylaxis]], [[Neurogenic shock|injury to de upper spinal cord]], anaa certain [[overdose]]s.<ref name=ITLSPg172/><ref name="Stat2019Dis">{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=N |last2=Lopez |first2=RA |last3=Silberman |first3=M |date=January 2019 |title=Distributive Shock |journal=StatPearls (Internet) |pmid=29261964}}</ref> De diagnosis generally be based on a combination of symptoms, [[physical examination]], den laboratory tests.<ref name=ATLS2018/> A decreased [[pulse pressure]] ([[systolic blood pressure]] minus [[diastolic blood pressure]]) anaa a fast heart rate dey raise concerns.<ref name=ITLSPg172/> Shock be a medical emergency den dey require urgent medical care. If shock be suspected, emergency help for be called immediately. While waiting for medical care, de individual for be, if safe, laid down (except insyd cases of suspected head anaa back injuries). De legs for be raised if possible, den de person for be kept warm. If de person be unresponsive, breathing for be monitored den CPR fi dey hia to be performed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shock |url=https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/shock |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=Red Cross |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104135009/https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/shock |url-status=live }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{commons category}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shock (Circulatory)}} [[Category:Intensive care medicine]] [[Category:Medical emergencies]] [[Category:Causes of death]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] hn3pz018ksa4ql0icdd4851ztwnsde8 1 31502 116694 2026-11-11T17:39:16Z HulkNorris 8230 /* English version and here */ new section 116694 wikitext text/x-wiki == English version and here == Please help finding her date of birth and death. Thank you! [[User:HulkNorris|HulkNorris]] ([[User talk:HulkNorris|talk]]) 17:39, 11 November 2026 (GMT) kra5bqgbggdzard3f3gdg8214mxalq9 0 31503 116695 2026-11-11T18:21:38Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1500109|Acetylcysteine]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 116695 wikitext text/x-wiki == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] lv7phf3xzu26ynuxyy396ffgo8ljw9w 116696 116695 2026-11-11T18:30:35Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Acetylcysteine''' anaa '''''N''-acetylcysteine''' ('''NAC''') be a [[mucolytic]] wey be used to treat [[paracetamol overdose|paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose]] den to loosen thick [[mucus]] insyd individuals plus chronic bronchopulmonary disorders, such as [[pneumonia]] den [[bronchitis]].<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">{{cite web|title=Acetylcysteine|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/acetylcysteine.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=22 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923231013/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/acetylcysteine.html|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Sandoz">{{cite web | title = ACC® 600 ORAL Powder | publisher = [[Sandoz]] | url = https://my-sandoz-com-za-en.cms.sandoz.com/sites/default/files/2023-04/ACC%20600%20PI.pdf | access-date = 12 June 2025 | archive-date = 12 June 2025 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250612092745/https://my-sandoz-com-za-en.cms.sandoz.com/sites/default/files/2023-04/ACC%20600%20PI.pdf | url-status = bot: unknown | quote = Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic agent that reduces the viscosity of non-infected bronchial secretions probably by the splitting of disulphide bonds in mucoproteins. }}</ref> E be used to treat [[bezoars|lactobezoar]] insyd infants. E fi be taken [[Intravenous therapy|intravenously]], [[oral administration|orally]] (dem swallow by mouth), anaa [[Inhalation administration|by inhalation]] by use of a [[nebulizer]].<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists" /><ref name="f779">{{cite web | title=Acetylcysteine Oral Inhalation: MedlinePlus Drug Information | website=MedlinePlus | url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a615021.html | access-date=22 February 2025 | quote=Acetylcysteine comes as a solution (liquid) and concentrated solution to inhale by mouth using a nebulizer ...}}</ref> E sanso sometimes be used as a [[dietary supplement]].<ref name="Talbott-2012">{{cite book | vauthors = Talbott SM | date = 2012 | title = A Guide to Understanding Dietary Supplements | publisher = Routledge | page = 469 | isbn = 978-1-136-80570-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZZrW_j9XrcC&pg=PA469 | archive-date = 8 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170908143219/https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZZrW_j9XrcC&pg=PA469 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="University of Maryland Medical Center">{{cite web|title=Cysteine|url=http://www.umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/cysteine|publisher=University of Maryland Medical Center|access-date=23 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701184417/http://www.umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/cysteine|archive-date=1 July 2017}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == kpv98qc9ybbd8olmhdj380vq16pfxqk 116697 116696 2026-11-11T18:34:33Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Acetylcysteine''' anaa '''''N''-acetylcysteine''' ('''NAC''') be a [[mucolytic]] wey be used to treat [[paracetamol overdose|paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose]] den to loosen thick [[mucus]] insyd individuals plus chronic bronchopulmonary disorders, such as [[pneumonia]] den [[bronchitis]].<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">{{cite web|title=Acetylcysteine|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/acetylcysteine.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=22 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923231013/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/acetylcysteine.html|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Sandoz">{{cite web | title = ACC® 600 ORAL Powder | publisher = [[Sandoz]] | url = https://my-sandoz-com-za-en.cms.sandoz.com/sites/default/files/2023-04/ACC%20600%20PI.pdf | access-date = 12 June 2025 | archive-date = 12 June 2025 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250612092745/https://my-sandoz-com-za-en.cms.sandoz.com/sites/default/files/2023-04/ACC%20600%20PI.pdf | url-status = bot: unknown | quote = Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic agent that reduces the viscosity of non-infected bronchial secretions probably by the splitting of disulphide bonds in mucoproteins. }}</ref> E be used to treat [[bezoars|lactobezoar]] insyd infants. E fi be taken [[Intravenous therapy|intravenously]], [[oral administration|orally]] (dem swallow by mouth), anaa [[Inhalation administration|by inhalation]] by use of a [[nebulizer]].<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists" /><ref name="f779">{{cite web | title=Acetylcysteine Oral Inhalation: MedlinePlus Drug Information | website=MedlinePlus | url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a615021.html | access-date=22 February 2025 | quote=Acetylcysteine comes as a solution (liquid) and concentrated solution to inhale by mouth using a nebulizer ...}}</ref> E sanso sometimes be used as a [[dietary supplement]].<ref name="Talbott-2012">{{cite book | vauthors = Talbott SM | date = 2012 | title = A Guide to Understanding Dietary Supplements | publisher = Routledge | page = 469 | isbn = 978-1-136-80570-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZZrW_j9XrcC&pg=PA469 | archive-date = 8 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170908143219/https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZZrW_j9XrcC&pg=PA469 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="University of Maryland Medical Center">{{cite web|title=Cysteine|url=http://www.umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/cysteine|publisher=University of Maryland Medical Center|access-date=23 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701184417/http://www.umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/cysteine|archive-date=1 July 2017}}</ref> Common side effects dey include nausea den vomiting wen taken orally.<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"/> De skin occasionally fi cam be [[erythema|red]] den [[itch]]y plus any route of administration.<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"/> A non-immune type of [[anaphylaxis]] sanso fi occur.<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"/> E dey appear to be safe insyd [[pregnancy]].<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"/> For paracetamol overdose, e dey work by increasing de level of [[glutathione]], an antioxidant wey fi neutralize de toxic breakdown products of paracetamol.<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"/> Wen inhaled, e dey act as a [[Mucokinetics|mucolytic]] by decreasing de thickness of mucus.<ref name="Sadowska_2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sadowska AM, Verbraecken J, Darquennes K, De Backer WA | title = Role of ''N''-acetylcysteine in the management of COPD | journal = International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | volume = 1 | issue = 4 | pages = 425–434 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 18044098 | pmc = 2707813 | doi = 10.2147/copd.2006.1.4.425 | doi-access = free }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 99zv898fetmezvxxi1lu0xb81frnwal 116698 116697 2026-11-11T18:37:39Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Acetylcysteine''' anaa '''''N''-acetylcysteine''' ('''NAC''') be a [[mucolytic]] wey be used to treat [[paracetamol overdose|paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose]] den to loosen thick [[mucus]] insyd individuals plus chronic bronchopulmonary disorders, such as [[pneumonia]] den [[bronchitis]].<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">{{cite web|title=Acetylcysteine|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/acetylcysteine.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=22 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923231013/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/acetylcysteine.html|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Sandoz">{{cite web | title = ACC® 600 ORAL Powder | publisher = [[Sandoz]] | url = https://my-sandoz-com-za-en.cms.sandoz.com/sites/default/files/2023-04/ACC%20600%20PI.pdf | access-date = 12 June 2025 | archive-date = 12 June 2025 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250612092745/https://my-sandoz-com-za-en.cms.sandoz.com/sites/default/files/2023-04/ACC%20600%20PI.pdf | url-status = bot: unknown | quote = Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic agent that reduces the viscosity of non-infected bronchial secretions probably by the splitting of disulphide bonds in mucoproteins. }}</ref> E be used to treat [[bezoars|lactobezoar]] insyd infants. E fi be taken [[Intravenous therapy|intravenously]], [[oral administration|orally]] (dem swallow by mouth), anaa [[Inhalation administration|by inhalation]] by use of a [[nebulizer]].<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists" /><ref name="f779">{{cite web | title=Acetylcysteine Oral Inhalation: MedlinePlus Drug Information | website=MedlinePlus | url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a615021.html | access-date=22 February 2025 | quote=Acetylcysteine comes as a solution (liquid) and concentrated solution to inhale by mouth using a nebulizer ...}}</ref> E sanso sometimes be used as a [[dietary supplement]].<ref name="Talbott-2012">{{cite book | vauthors = Talbott SM | date = 2012 | title = A Guide to Understanding Dietary Supplements | publisher = Routledge | page = 469 | isbn = 978-1-136-80570-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZZrW_j9XrcC&pg=PA469 | archive-date = 8 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170908143219/https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZZrW_j9XrcC&pg=PA469 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="University of Maryland Medical Center">{{cite web|title=Cysteine|url=http://www.umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/cysteine|publisher=University of Maryland Medical Center|access-date=23 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701184417/http://www.umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/cysteine|archive-date=1 July 2017}}</ref> Common side effects dey include nausea den vomiting wen taken orally.<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"/> De skin occasionally fi cam be [[erythema|red]] den [[itch]]y plus any route of administration.<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"/> A non-immune type of [[anaphylaxis]] sanso fi occur.<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"/> E dey appear to be safe insyd [[pregnancy]].<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"/> For paracetamol overdose, e dey work by increasing de level of [[glutathione]], an antioxidant wey fi neutralize de toxic breakdown products of paracetamol.<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"/> Wen inhaled, e dey act as a [[Mucokinetics|mucolytic]] by decreasing de thickness of mucus.<ref name="Sadowska_2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sadowska AM, Verbraecken J, Darquennes K, De Backer WA | title = Role of ''N''-acetylcysteine in the management of COPD | journal = International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | volume = 1 | issue = 4 | pages = 425–434 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 18044098 | pmc = 2707813 | doi = 10.2147/copd.2006.1.4.425 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Acetylcysteine initially be patented insyd 1960 wey e cam into medical use insyd 1968.<ref name="Fischer-2006">{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR | date = 2006 | title = Analogue-Based Drug Discovery | location = Weinheim | publisher = Wiley-VCH | page = 544 | isbn = 978-3-527-60749-5 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA544 | archive-date = 8 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170908143219/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA544 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="US3091569A-1963">{{cite patent | number = US3091569A | inventor = Sheffner AL | title = Mucolytic-nu-acylated sulfhydryl compositions and process for treating animal mucus | gdate = 28 May 1963 | url = https://patents.google.com/patent/US3091569A/en }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806002723/https://patents.google.com/patent/US3091569A/en |date=6 August 2024 }}</ref><ref name="US patent 3091569-1963">{{cite patent | country = US | number = 3091569 | inventor = Sheffner AL | status = patent | title = Mucolytic-''N''-acylated sulfhydryl compositions and process for treating animal mucus | pubdate = 28 May 1963 | gdate = 28 May 1963 | fdate = 26 August 1960 | pridate = 26 August 1960 | assign1 = Mead Johnson & Co | assign2 = Mead Johnson & Company | url = https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?II=2&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19630528&CC=US&NR=3091569A&KC=A }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630120932/https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?II=2&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19630528&CC=US&NR=3091569A&KC=A |date=30 June 2024 }}</ref> E dey on de [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | year = 2023 | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | location = Geneva | publisher = World Health Organization | hdl = 10665/371090 | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access = free | vauthors = Organization WH }}</ref> E be available as a [[generic medication]].<ref name="Baker-2014">{{cite book | vauthors = Baker E | date = 2014 | title = Top 100 Drugs: Clinical pharmacology and practical prescribing | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences | isbn = 978-0-7020-5515-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oeYjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT44 | archive-date = 8 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170908143223/https://books.google.com/books?id=oeYjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT44 | entry = Acetylcysteine | url-status = live }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 0sr8hmtcji1rvxlppwrbkaur2e1iopt 116699 116698 2026-11-11T18:41:51Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Acetylcysteine''' anaa '''''N''-acetylcysteine''' ('''NAC''') be a [[mucolytic]] wey be used to treat [[paracetamol overdose|paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose]] den to loosen thick [[mucus]] insyd individuals plus chronic bronchopulmonary disorders, such as [[pneumonia]] den [[bronchitis]].<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">{{cite web|title=Acetylcysteine|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/acetylcysteine.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=22 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923231013/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/acetylcysteine.html|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Sandoz">{{cite web | title = ACC® 600 ORAL Powder | publisher = [[Sandoz]] | url = https://my-sandoz-com-za-en.cms.sandoz.com/sites/default/files/2023-04/ACC%20600%20PI.pdf | access-date = 12 June 2025 | archive-date = 12 June 2025 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250612092745/https://my-sandoz-com-za-en.cms.sandoz.com/sites/default/files/2023-04/ACC%20600%20PI.pdf | url-status = bot: unknown | quote = Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic agent that reduces the viscosity of non-infected bronchial secretions probably by the splitting of disulphide bonds in mucoproteins. }}</ref> E be used to treat [[bezoars|lactobezoar]] insyd infants. E fi be taken [[Intravenous therapy|intravenously]], [[oral administration|orally]] (dem swallow by mouth), anaa [[Inhalation administration|by inhalation]] by use of a [[nebulizer]].<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists" /><ref name="f779">{{cite web | title=Acetylcysteine Oral Inhalation: MedlinePlus Drug Information | website=MedlinePlus | url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a615021.html | access-date=22 February 2025 | quote=Acetylcysteine comes as a solution (liquid) and concentrated solution to inhale by mouth using a nebulizer ...}}</ref> E sanso sometimes be used as a [[dietary supplement]].<ref name="Talbott-2012">{{cite book | vauthors = Talbott SM | date = 2012 | title = A Guide to Understanding Dietary Supplements | publisher = Routledge | page = 469 | isbn = 978-1-136-80570-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZZrW_j9XrcC&pg=PA469 | archive-date = 8 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170908143219/https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZZrW_j9XrcC&pg=PA469 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="University of Maryland Medical Center">{{cite web|title=Cysteine|url=http://www.umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/cysteine|publisher=University of Maryland Medical Center|access-date=23 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701184417/http://www.umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/cysteine|archive-date=1 July 2017}}</ref> Common side effects dey include nausea den vomiting wen taken orally.<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"/> De skin occasionally fi cam be [[erythema|red]] den [[itch]]y plus any route of administration.<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"/> A non-immune type of [[anaphylaxis]] sanso fi occur.<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"/> E dey appear to be safe insyd [[pregnancy]].<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"/> For paracetamol overdose, e dey work by increasing de level of [[glutathione]], an antioxidant wey fi neutralize de toxic breakdown products of paracetamol.<ref name="The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"/> Wen inhaled, e dey act as a [[Mucokinetics|mucolytic]] by decreasing de thickness of mucus.<ref name="Sadowska_2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sadowska AM, Verbraecken J, Darquennes K, De Backer WA | title = Role of ''N''-acetylcysteine in the management of COPD | journal = International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | volume = 1 | issue = 4 | pages = 425–434 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 18044098 | pmc = 2707813 | doi = 10.2147/copd.2006.1.4.425 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Acetylcysteine initially be patented insyd 1960 wey e cam into medical use insyd 1968.<ref name="Fischer-2006">{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR | date = 2006 | title = Analogue-Based Drug Discovery | location = Weinheim | publisher = Wiley-VCH | page = 544 | isbn = 978-3-527-60749-5 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA544 | archive-date = 8 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170908143219/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA544 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="US3091569A-1963">{{cite patent | number = US3091569A | inventor = Sheffner AL | title = Mucolytic-nu-acylated sulfhydryl compositions and process for treating animal mucus | gdate = 28 May 1963 | url = https://patents.google.com/patent/US3091569A/en }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806002723/https://patents.google.com/patent/US3091569A/en |date=6 August 2024 }}</ref><ref name="US patent 3091569-1963">{{cite patent | country = US | number = 3091569 | inventor = Sheffner AL | status = patent | title = Mucolytic-''N''-acylated sulfhydryl compositions and process for treating animal mucus | pubdate = 28 May 1963 | gdate = 28 May 1963 | fdate = 26 August 1960 | pridate = 26 August 1960 | assign1 = Mead Johnson & Co | assign2 = Mead Johnson & Company | url = https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?II=2&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19630528&CC=US&NR=3091569A&KC=A }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630120932/https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?II=2&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19630528&CC=US&NR=3091569A&KC=A |date=30 June 2024 }}</ref> E dey on de [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | year = 2023 | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | location = Geneva | publisher = World Health Organization | hdl = 10665/371090 | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access = free | vauthors = Organization WH }}</ref> E be available as a [[generic medication]].<ref name="Baker-2014">{{cite book | vauthors = Baker E | date = 2014 | title = Top 100 Drugs: Clinical pharmacology and practical prescribing | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences | isbn = 978-0-7020-5515-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oeYjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT44 | archive-date = 8 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170908143223/https://books.google.com/books?id=oeYjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT44 | entry = Acetylcysteine | url-status = live }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{commons category}} [[Category:Acetamides]] [[Category:Alpha-amino acids]] [[Category:Amino acid derivatives]] [[Category:Antidotes]] [[Category:Antioxidants]] [[Category:Excipients]] [[Category:Excitatory amino acid receptor ligands]] [[Category:Ophthalmology drugs]] [[Category:Sulfur compounds]] [[Category:Thiols]] [[Category:Treatment of bipolar disorder]] [[Category:Treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder]] [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] fmywjgcacd02797abv1tl5mv9yfhmab 14 31504 116700 2026-11-11T18:42:53Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116700 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31505 116701 2026-11-11T18:43:06Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116701 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31506 116702 2026-11-11T18:43:20Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116702 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31507 116703 2026-11-11T18:44:51Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116703 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31508 116704 2026-11-11T18:45:06Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116704 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31509 116705 2026-11-11T18:48:54Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116705 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 31510 116706 2026-11-11T18:49:25Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116706 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 31511 116710 2026-11-11T19:01:41Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1462033|Uremia]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 116710 wikitext text/x-wiki == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] lv7phf3xzu26ynuxyy396ffgo8ljw9w 116711 116710 2026-11-11T19:05:51Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uremia''' be de group of symptoms wey dey occur as a result of [[poor kidney function]].<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Zemaitis |first1=MR |last2=Foris |first2=LA |last3=Katta |first3=S |last4=Bashir |first4=K |title=Uremia |date=January 2020 |pmid=28722889|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Dese symptoms fi include tiredness, nausea, loss of appetite, muscle cramps, itchiness, [[restless leg syndrome]], confusion, anaa a [[urine]]-like smell to de breath.<ref name=Stat2020/><ref name=Mey2007/> More serious complications fi include [[subdural hematoma]]s, [[uremic pericarditis|pericarditis]], anaa [[pulmonary edema]].<ref name=Stat2020/> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == mzbobpvp91tc5km4nsr063ufxxhve85 116712 116711 2026-11-11T19:11:22Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uremia''' be de group of symptoms wey dey occur as a result of [[poor kidney function]].<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Zemaitis |first1=MR |last2=Foris |first2=LA |last3=Katta |first3=S |last4=Bashir |first4=K |title=Uremia |date=January 2020 |pmid=28722889|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Dese symptoms fi include tiredness, nausea, loss of appetite, muscle cramps, itchiness, [[restless leg syndrome]], confusion, anaa a [[urine]]-like smell to de breath.<ref name=Stat2020/><ref name=Mey2007/> More serious complications fi include [[subdural hematoma]]s, [[uremic pericarditis|pericarditis]], anaa [[pulmonary edema]].<ref name=Stat2020/> De condition fi result from [[acute kidney failure|acute]] anaa [[chronic kidney failure]].<ref name=Stat2020/> Dis fi occur secof [[diabetes]], [[hypertension]], [[renal artery stenosis]], [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]], [[IgA nephropathy]], [[focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]], [[membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]], anaa [[polycystic kidney disease]].<ref name=Stat2020/> De underlying mechanism dey involve build up of waste products wey normally go be cleared by de kidneys.<ref name=Mey2007/> Uremic symptoms typically only dey occur wen de [[glomerular filtration rate]] (GFR) be less dan 15 mL/min.<ref name=Stat2020/> Though lesser degrees of symptoms fi occur at GFRs closer to normal.<ref name =Mey2007>{{cite journal |author1=Meyer TW |author2=Hostetter, TH| title=Uremia | journal=N Engl J Med | volume=357 | issue=13 | pages=1316–25 | year=2007 | pmid=17898101 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra071313 }}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == qlh1gil60r1aw0ojeh65xg02it55frh 116713 116712 2026-11-11T19:13:23Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uremia''' be de group of symptoms wey dey occur as a result of [[poor kidney function]].<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Zemaitis |first1=MR |last2=Foris |first2=LA |last3=Katta |first3=S |last4=Bashir |first4=K |title=Uremia |date=January 2020 |pmid=28722889|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Dese symptoms fi include tiredness, nausea, loss of appetite, muscle cramps, itchiness, [[restless leg syndrome]], confusion, anaa a [[urine]]-like smell to de breath.<ref name=Stat2020/><ref name=Mey2007/> More serious complications fi include [[subdural hematoma]]s, [[uremic pericarditis|pericarditis]], anaa [[pulmonary edema]].<ref name=Stat2020/> De condition fi result from [[acute kidney failure|acute]] anaa [[chronic kidney failure]].<ref name=Stat2020/> Dis fi occur secof [[diabetes]], [[hypertension]], [[renal artery stenosis]], [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]], [[IgA nephropathy]], [[focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]], [[membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]], anaa [[polycystic kidney disease]].<ref name=Stat2020/> De underlying mechanism dey involve build up of waste products wey normally go be cleared by de kidneys.<ref name=Mey2007/> Uremic symptoms typically only dey occur wen de [[glomerular filtration rate]] (GFR) be less dan 15 mL/min.<ref name=Stat2020/> Though lesser degrees of symptoms fi occur at GFRs closer to normal.<ref name =Mey2007>{{cite journal |author1=Meyer TW |author2=Hostetter, TH| title=Uremia | journal=N Engl J Med | volume=357 | issue=13 | pages=1316–25 | year=2007 | pmid=17898101 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra071313 }}</ref> Initial treatment be generally by [[dialysis]].<ref name=Stat2020/> [[Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent]]s fi be used insyd those plus [[anemia|low red blood cells]] den a low potassium diet fi be recommended.<ref name=Stat2020/> Dis fi be later followed by a [[kidney transplant]].<ref name=Stat2020/> Widout treatment outcomes be poor.<ref name=Stat2020/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] jv0qm0yckdqmd6kvhy1pbxrxr9jgm7w 116714 116713 2026-11-11T19:16:15Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uremia''' be de group of symptoms wey dey occur as a result of [[poor kidney function]].<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Zemaitis |first1=MR |last2=Foris |first2=LA |last3=Katta |first3=S |last4=Bashir |first4=K |title=Uremia |date=January 2020 |pmid=28722889|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Dese symptoms fi include tiredness, nausea, loss of appetite, muscle cramps, itchiness, [[restless leg syndrome]], confusion, anaa a [[urine]]-like smell to de breath.<ref name=Stat2020/><ref name=Mey2007/> More serious complications fi include [[subdural hematoma]]s, [[uremic pericarditis|pericarditis]], anaa [[pulmonary edema]].<ref name=Stat2020/> De condition fi result from [[acute kidney failure|acute]] anaa [[chronic kidney failure]].<ref name=Stat2020/> Dis fi occur secof [[diabetes]], [[hypertension]], [[renal artery stenosis]], [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]], [[IgA nephropathy]], [[focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]], [[membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]], anaa [[polycystic kidney disease]].<ref name=Stat2020/> De underlying mechanism dey involve build up of waste products wey normally go be cleared by de kidneys.<ref name=Mey2007/> Uremic symptoms typically only dey occur wen de [[glomerular filtration rate]] (GFR) be less dan 15 mL/min.<ref name=Stat2020/> Though lesser degrees of symptoms fi occur at GFRs closer to normal.<ref name =Mey2007>{{cite journal |author1=Meyer TW |author2=Hostetter, TH| title=Uremia | journal=N Engl J Med | volume=357 | issue=13 | pages=1316–25 | year=2007 | pmid=17898101 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra071313 }}</ref> Initial treatment be generally by [[dialysis]].<ref name=Stat2020/> [[Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent]]s fi be used insyd those plus [[anemia|low red blood cells]] den a low potassium diet fi be recommended.<ref name=Stat2020/> Dis fi be later followed by a [[kidney transplant]].<ref name=Stat2020/> Widout treatment outcomes be poor.<ref name=Stat2020/> De frequency of uremia be unclear as chaw people dey start dialysis before kidney function decrease to de level dem require for ein occurrence.<ref name=Stat2020/> De term "uremia" literally dey mean "urine insyd de blood".<ref name=Stat2020/> While dem originally use give all symptoms secof kidney failure, as of de 2000s e be used more for those symptoms wey no be secof fluid overload, [[electrolyte abnormalities]], anaa low red blood cells.<ref name=Mey2007/> De condition first be described insyd 1836 by [[Richard Bright]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tilney |first1=Nicholas L. |title=Transplant: From Myth to Reality |date=2003 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-09963-8 |page=46 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Transplant/K2XtU-b3UBwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Uremia+first+described+hippocrates&pg=PA46 |language=en |access-date=2020-11-25 |archive-date=2021-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827173245/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Transplant/K2XtU-b3UBwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Uremia+first+described+hippocrates&pg=PA46 |url-status=live }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] o2woxgxfnstg595h2qwfnlf982wlfpm 116715 116714 2026-11-11T21:55:18Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uremia''' be de group of symptoms wey dey occur as a result of [[poor kidney function]].<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Zemaitis |first1=MR |last2=Foris |first2=LA |last3=Katta |first3=S |last4=Bashir |first4=K |title=Uremia |date=January 2020 |pmid=28722889|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Dese symptoms fi include tiredness, nausea, loss of appetite, muscle cramps, itchiness, [[restless leg syndrome]], confusion, anaa a [[urine]]-like smell to de breath.<ref name=Stat2020/><ref name=Mey2007/> More serious complications fi include [[subdural hematoma]]s, [[uremic pericarditis|pericarditis]], anaa [[pulmonary edema]].<ref name=Stat2020/> De condition fi result from [[acute kidney failure|acute]] anaa [[chronic kidney failure]].<ref name=Stat2020/> Dis fi occur secof [[diabetes]], [[hypertension]], [[renal artery stenosis]], [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]], [[IgA nephropathy]], [[focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]], [[membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]], anaa [[polycystic kidney disease]].<ref name=Stat2020/> De underlying mechanism dey involve build up of waste products wey normally go be cleared by de kidneys.<ref name=Mey2007/> Uremic symptoms typically only dey occur wen de [[glomerular filtration rate]] (GFR) be less dan 15 mL/min.<ref name=Stat2020/> Though lesser degrees of symptoms fi occur at GFRs closer to normal.<ref name =Mey2007>{{cite journal |author1=Meyer TW |author2=Hostetter, TH| title=Uremia | journal=N Engl J Med | volume=357 | issue=13 | pages=1316–25 | year=2007 | pmid=17898101 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra071313 }}</ref> Initial treatment be generally by [[dialysis]].<ref name=Stat2020/> [[Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent]]s fi be used insyd those plus [[anemia|low red blood cells]] den a low potassium diet fi be recommended.<ref name=Stat2020/> Dis fi be later followed by a [[kidney transplant]].<ref name=Stat2020/> Widout treatment outcomes be poor.<ref name=Stat2020/> De frequency of uremia be unclear as chaw people dey start dialysis before kidney function decrease to de level dem require for ein occurrence.<ref name=Stat2020/> De term "uremia" literally dey mean "urine insyd de blood".<ref name=Stat2020/> While dem originally use give all symptoms secof kidney failure, as of de 2000s e be used more for those symptoms wey no be secof fluid overload, [[electrolyte abnormalities]], anaa low red blood cells.<ref name=Mey2007/> De condition first be described insyd 1836 by [[Richard Bright]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tilney |first1=Nicholas L. |title=Transplant: From Myth to Reality |date=2003 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-09963-8 |page=46 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Transplant/K2XtU-b3UBwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Uremia+first+described+hippocrates&pg=PA46 |language=en |access-date=2020-11-25 |archive-date=2021-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827173245/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Transplant/K2XtU-b3UBwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Uremia+first+described+hippocrates&pg=PA46 |url-status=live }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/uremia-uremic-syndrome Uremia], WebMD.com {{Authority control}} [[Category:Kidney diseases]] [[Category:Symptoms den signs: Urinary system]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 07gtnejdc6t3g6vzsej3ebbvajrht5h 14 31512 116716 2026-11-11T21:56:14Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 116716 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 31513 116717 2026-11-11T22:10:57Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1493589|Cariprazine]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 116717 wikitext text/x-wiki == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] lv7phf3xzu26ynuxyy396ffgo8ljw9w 116718 116717 2026-11-11T22:23:19Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cariprazine''', dem sell under de brand name '''Vraylar''' among odas, be an [[atypical antipsychotic]] wey [[Gedeon Richter (company)|Gedeon Richter]] develop,<ref name= "Laszlovszky_2021">{{cite journal | vauthors = Laszlovszky I, Barabássy Á, Németh G | title = Cariprazine, A Broad-Spectrum Antipsychotic for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: Pharmacology, Efficacy, and Safety | journal = Advances in Therapy | volume = 38 | issue = 7 | pages = 3652–3673 | date = July 2021 | pmid = 34091867 | pmc = 8279990 | doi = 10.1007/s12325-021-01797-5 }}</ref> wich be used insyd de treatment of [[schizophrenia]] den [[bipolar disorder]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Agai-Csongor E, Domány G, Nógrádi K, Galambos J, Vágó I, Keserű GM, Greiner I, Laszlovszky I, Gere A, Schmidt E, Kiss B, Vastag M, Tihanyi K, Sághy K, Laszy J, Gyertyán I, Zájer-Balázs M, Gémesi L, Kapás M, Szombathelyi Z | title = Discovery of cariprazine (RGH-188): a novel antipsychotic acting on dopamine D3/D2 receptors | journal = Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters | volume = 22 | issue = 10 | pages = 3437–3440 | date = May 2012 | pmid = 22537450 | doi = 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.104 }}</ref> E sanso be prescribed as an [[add-on treatment]] give bipolar [[Depression (mood)|depression]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Earley W, Burgess MV, Rekeda L, Dickinson R, Szatmári B, Németh G, McIntyre RS, Sachs GS, Yatham LN | title = Cariprazine Treatment of Bipolar Depression: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study | journal = [[The American Journal of Psychiatry]] | volume = 176 | issue = 6 | pages = 439–448 | date = June 2019 | pmid = 30845817 | doi = 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18070824 | title-link = doi | doi-access = free }}</ref> den [[major depressive disorder]].<ref name="Vraylar FDA label" /> Cariprazine dey act primarily as a [[Dopamine receptor D3|D₃]] den [[Dopamine receptor D2|D₂ receptor]] partial agonist, plus a preference give de D₃ receptor. E be a partial agonist at de serotonin [[5-HT1A receptor|5-HT_1A]] receptor den dey act as an antagonist at [[5-HT2B receptor|5-HT_2B]] den [[5-HT2A receptor|5-HT_2A]] receptors.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kiss B, Horváth A, Némethy Z, Schmidt E, Laszlovszky I, Bugovics G, Fazekas K, Hornok K, Orosz S, Gyertyán I, Agai-Csongor E, Domány G, Tihanyi K, Adham N, Szombathelyi Z | title = Cariprazine (RGH-188), a dopamine D(3) receptor-preferring, D(3)/D(2) dopamine receptor antagonist-partial agonist antipsychotic candidate: in vitro and neurochemical profile | journal = [[The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics]] | volume = 333 | issue = 1 | pages = 328–340 | date = April 2010 | pmid = 20093397 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.109.160432 | s2cid = 42933132 }}</ref> Dem dey take am by mouth.<ref name="Vraylar FDA label" /> De most prevalent side effects dey include [[nausea]], mild [[Somnolence|sedation]], [[fatigue]], [[diabetes]] regardless of weight changes, den dizziness. At higher dosages, der be an increased risk for [[Akathisia|restlessness]], [[insomnia]], den [[tremor]]s.<ref name="Vraylar FDA label" /> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == k6c99gsrgx8fun34xb34v7boi9b5vyb 116719 116718 2026-11-11T22:34:20Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cariprazine''', dem sell under de brand name '''Vraylar''' among odas, be an [[atypical antipsychotic]] wey [[Gedeon Richter (company)|Gedeon Richter]] develop,<ref name= "Laszlovszky_2021">{{cite journal | vauthors = Laszlovszky I, Barabássy Á, Németh G | title = Cariprazine, A Broad-Spectrum Antipsychotic for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: Pharmacology, Efficacy, and Safety | journal = Advances in Therapy | volume = 38 | issue = 7 | pages = 3652–3673 | date = July 2021 | pmid = 34091867 | pmc = 8279990 | doi = 10.1007/s12325-021-01797-5 }}</ref> wich be used insyd de treatment of [[schizophrenia]] den [[bipolar disorder]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Agai-Csongor E, Domány G, Nógrádi K, Galambos J, Vágó I, Keserű GM, Greiner I, Laszlovszky I, Gere A, Schmidt E, Kiss B, Vastag M, Tihanyi K, Sághy K, Laszy J, Gyertyán I, Zájer-Balázs M, Gémesi L, Kapás M, Szombathelyi Z | title = Discovery of cariprazine (RGH-188): a novel antipsychotic acting on dopamine D3/D2 receptors | journal = Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters | volume = 22 | issue = 10 | pages = 3437–3440 | date = May 2012 | pmid = 22537450 | doi = 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.104 }}</ref> E sanso be prescribed as an [[add-on treatment]] give bipolar [[Depression (mood)|depression]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Earley W, Burgess MV, Rekeda L, Dickinson R, Szatmári B, Németh G, McIntyre RS, Sachs GS, Yatham LN | title = Cariprazine Treatment of Bipolar Depression: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study | journal = [[The American Journal of Psychiatry]] | volume = 176 | issue = 6 | pages = 439–448 | date = June 2019 | pmid = 30845817 | doi = 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18070824 | title-link = doi | doi-access = free }}</ref> den [[major depressive disorder]].<ref name="Vraylar FDA label2">{{cite web |date=18 May 2019 |title=Vraylar- cariprazine capsule, gelatin coated Vraylar- cariprazine kit |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4b5f7c65-aa2d-452a-b3db-bc85c06ff12f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024131022/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4b5f7c65-aa2d-452a-b3db-bc85c06ff12f |archive-date=24 October 2020 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=DailyMed}}</ref> Cariprazine dey act primarily as a [[Dopamine receptor D3|D₃]] den [[Dopamine receptor D2|D₂ receptor]] partial agonist, plus a preference give de D₃ receptor. E be a partial agonist at de serotonin [[5-HT1A receptor|5-HT_1A]] receptor den dey act as an antagonist at [[5-HT2B receptor|5-HT_2B]] den [[5-HT2A receptor|5-HT_2A]] receptors.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kiss B, Horváth A, Némethy Z, Schmidt E, Laszlovszky I, Bugovics G, Fazekas K, Hornok K, Orosz S, Gyertyán I, Agai-Csongor E, Domány G, Tihanyi K, Adham N, Szombathelyi Z | title = Cariprazine (RGH-188), a dopamine D(3) receptor-preferring, D(3)/D(2) dopamine receptor antagonist-partial agonist antipsychotic candidate: in vitro and neurochemical profile | journal = [[The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics]] | volume = 333 | issue = 1 | pages = 328–340 | date = April 2010 | pmid = 20093397 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.109.160432 | s2cid = 42933132 }}</ref> Dem dey take am by mouth.<ref name="Vraylar FDA label2" /> De most prevalent side effects dey include [[nausea]], mild [[Somnolence|sedation]], [[fatigue]], [[diabetes]] regardless of weight changes, den dizziness. At higher dosages, der be an increased risk for [[Akathisia|restlessness]], [[insomnia]], den [[tremor]]s.<ref name="Vraylar FDA label2" /> Na cariprazine be approved for medical use insyd de US insyd September 2015.<ref name="FDA PR 20150917">{{cite press release|title= FDA approves new drug to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder|url= https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm463103.htm| website=fda.gov | publisher = [[Food and Drug Administration]] |date=17 September 2015|access-date=16 December 2019|archive-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126023445/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm463103.htm}}</ref> Na e be approved as a [[generic medication]] insyd 2022,<ref>{{cite web | title=2022 First Generic Drug Approvals | website= fda.gov | publisher = Food and Drug Administration| date=3 March 2023 | url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-and-biologic-approval-and-ind-activity-reports/2022-first-generic-drug-approvals | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630003602/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-and-biologic-approval-and-ind-activity-reports/2022-first-generic-drug-approvals | archive-date=30 June 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=30 June 2023}}</ref> buh e be covered by patents til 2029.<ref>{{cite web | title=Generic Vraylar Availability | website= Drugs.com | date=9 March 2023 | url=https://www.drugs.com/availability/generic-vraylar.html | access-date=26 March 2023 | archive-date=26 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193936/https://www.drugs.com/availability/generic-vraylar.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Na cariprazine be approved by de [[Therapeutic Goods Administration]] (TGA) for use insyd [[Australia]] insyd 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2020 |title=Reagila |url= https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/auspmd/reagila#:~:text=TGA%20decision:%20Reagila%20(cariprazine%20hydrochloride)%20is,approved%20to%20treat%20schizophrenia%20in%20adult%20patients.| website = tga.gov.au |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250519232630/https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/auspmd/reagila |archive-date=19 May 2025 |access-date=20 May 2025 |publisher= Therapeutic Drug Association Australia}}</ref> As of 2025, de cost of Cariprazine generally be around US$50,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2025 |title= Generic Vraylar Prices (Cariprazine) - U.S. & International |url=https://www.pharmacychecker.com/cariprazine/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602023357/https://www.pharmacychecker.com/cariprazine/#prices |archive-date=2 June 2025 |website= PharmacyChecker.com |language= en |access-date= 2025-06-02}}</ref> $25AUD<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2025 |title= Pharmaceutical Benefits: Fees, Patient Contributions and Safety Net Thresholds |url=https://www.pbs.gov.au/info/healthpro/explanatory-notes/front/fee#:~:text=From%201%20January%202025%20for%20PBS%20prescriptions%20general,concession%20card%29%20can%20be%20charged%20up%20to%20%2431.60. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602023923/https://www.pbs.gov.au/info/healthpro/explanatory-notes/front/fee |archive-date=2 June 2025 |website= pbs.gov.au | publisher= Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme |access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref> on de PBS den £80.36 insyd de UK wen on de [[National Health Service]] (NHS).<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2020 |title= Amendments to the Drug Tariff |website= nhsbsa.nhs.uk | publisher= NHS Business Services Authority |url= https://www.nhsbsa.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/2020-11/Drug%20Tariff%20December%202020.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250602020238/https://www.nhsbsa.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/2020-11/Drug%20Tariff%20December%202020.pdf |archive-date=2 June 2025 |access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 6mziosafmqc9o6rcb63je7ly5kdtql0 116722 116719 2026-11-11T22:49:26Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cariprazine''', dem sell under de brand name '''Vraylar''' among odas, be an [[atypical antipsychotic]] wey [[Gedeon Richter (company)|Gedeon Richter]] develop,<ref name= "Laszlovszky_2021">{{cite journal | vauthors = Laszlovszky I, Barabássy Á, Németh G | title = Cariprazine, A Broad-Spectrum Antipsychotic for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: Pharmacology, Efficacy, and Safety | journal = Advances in Therapy | volume = 38 | issue = 7 | pages = 3652–3673 | date = July 2021 | pmid = 34091867 | pmc = 8279990 | doi = 10.1007/s12325-021-01797-5 }}</ref> wich be used insyd de treatment of [[schizophrenia]] den [[bipolar disorder]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Agai-Csongor E, Domány G, Nógrádi K, Galambos J, Vágó I, Keserű GM, Greiner I, Laszlovszky I, Gere A, Schmidt E, Kiss B, Vastag M, Tihanyi K, Sághy K, Laszy J, Gyertyán I, Zájer-Balázs M, Gémesi L, Kapás M, Szombathelyi Z | title = Discovery of cariprazine (RGH-188): a novel antipsychotic acting on dopamine D3/D2 receptors | journal = Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters | volume = 22 | issue = 10 | pages = 3437–3440 | date = May 2012 | pmid = 22537450 | doi = 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.104 }}</ref> E sanso be prescribed as an [[add-on treatment]] give bipolar [[Depression (mood)|depression]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Earley W, Burgess MV, Rekeda L, Dickinson R, Szatmári B, Németh G, McIntyre RS, Sachs GS, Yatham LN | title = Cariprazine Treatment of Bipolar Depression: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study | journal = [[The American Journal of Psychiatry]] | volume = 176 | issue = 6 | pages = 439–448 | date = June 2019 | pmid = 30845817 | doi = 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18070824 | title-link = doi | doi-access = free }}</ref> den [[major depressive disorder]].<ref name="Vraylar FDA label2">{{cite web |date=18 May 2019 |title=Vraylar- cariprazine capsule, gelatin coated Vraylar- cariprazine kit |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4b5f7c65-aa2d-452a-b3db-bc85c06ff12f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024131022/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4b5f7c65-aa2d-452a-b3db-bc85c06ff12f |archive-date=24 October 2020 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=DailyMed}}</ref> Cariprazine dey act primarily as a [[Dopamine receptor D3|D₃]] den [[Dopamine receptor D2|D₂ receptor]] partial agonist, plus a preference give de D₃ receptor. E be a partial agonist at de serotonin [[5-HT1A receptor|5-HT_1A]] receptor den dey act as an antagonist at [[5-HT2B receptor|5-HT_2B]] den [[5-HT2A receptor|5-HT_2A]] receptors.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kiss B, Horváth A, Némethy Z, Schmidt E, Laszlovszky I, Bugovics G, Fazekas K, Hornok K, Orosz S, Gyertyán I, Agai-Csongor E, Domány G, Tihanyi K, Adham N, Szombathelyi Z | title = Cariprazine (RGH-188), a dopamine D(3) receptor-preferring, D(3)/D(2) dopamine receptor antagonist-partial agonist antipsychotic candidate: in vitro and neurochemical profile | journal = [[The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics]] | volume = 333 | issue = 1 | pages = 328–340 | date = April 2010 | pmid = 20093397 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.109.160432 | s2cid = 42933132 }}</ref> Dem dey take am by mouth.<ref name="Vraylar FDA label2" /> De most prevalent side effects dey include [[nausea]], mild [[Somnolence|sedation]], [[fatigue]], [[diabetes]] regardless of weight changes, den dizziness. At higher dosages, der be an increased risk for [[Akathisia|restlessness]], [[insomnia]], den [[tremor]]s.<ref name="Vraylar FDA label2" /> Na cariprazine be approved for medical use insyd de US insyd September 2015.<ref name="FDA PR 20150917">{{cite press release|title= FDA approves new drug to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder|url= https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm463103.htm| website=fda.gov | publisher = [[Food and Drug Administration]] |date=17 September 2015|access-date=16 December 2019|archive-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126023445/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm463103.htm}}</ref> Na e be approved as a [[generic medication]] insyd 2022,<ref>{{cite web | title=2022 First Generic Drug Approvals | website= fda.gov | publisher = Food and Drug Administration| date=3 March 2023 | url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-and-biologic-approval-and-ind-activity-reports/2022-first-generic-drug-approvals | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630003602/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-and-biologic-approval-and-ind-activity-reports/2022-first-generic-drug-approvals | archive-date=30 June 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=30 June 2023}}</ref> buh e be covered by patents til 2029.<ref>{{cite web | title=Generic Vraylar Availability | website= Drugs.com | date=9 March 2023 | url=https://www.drugs.com/availability/generic-vraylar.html | access-date=26 March 2023 | archive-date=26 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193936/https://www.drugs.com/availability/generic-vraylar.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Na cariprazine be approved by de [[Therapeutic Goods Administration]] (TGA) for use insyd [[Australia]] insyd 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2020 |title=Reagila |url= https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/auspmd/reagila#:~:text=TGA%20decision:%20Reagila%20(cariprazine%20hydrochloride)%20is,approved%20to%20treat%20schizophrenia%20in%20adult%20patients.| website = tga.gov.au |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250519232630/https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/auspmd/reagila |archive-date=19 May 2025 |access-date=20 May 2025 |publisher= Therapeutic Drug Association Australia}}</ref> As of 2025, de cost of Cariprazine generally be around US$50,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2025 |title= Generic Vraylar Prices (Cariprazine) - U.S. & International |url=https://www.pharmacychecker.com/cariprazine/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602023357/https://www.pharmacychecker.com/cariprazine/#prices |archive-date=2 June 2025 |website= PharmacyChecker.com |language= en |access-date= 2025-06-02}}</ref> $25AUD<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2025 |title= Pharmaceutical Benefits: Fees, Patient Contributions and Safety Net Thresholds |url=https://www.pbs.gov.au/info/healthpro/explanatory-notes/front/fee#:~:text=From%201%20January%202025%20for%20PBS%20prescriptions%20general,concession%20card%29%20can%20be%20charged%20up%20to%20%2431.60. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602023923/https://www.pbs.gov.au/info/healthpro/explanatory-notes/front/fee |archive-date=2 June 2025 |website= pbs.gov.au | publisher= Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme |access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref> on de PBS den £80.36 insyd de UK wen on de [[National Health Service]] (NHS).<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2020 |title= Amendments to the Drug Tariff |website= nhsbsa.nhs.uk | publisher= NHS Business Services Authority |url= https://www.nhsbsa.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/2020-11/Drug%20Tariff%20December%202020.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250602020238/https://www.nhsbsa.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/2020-11/Drug%20Tariff%20December%202020.pdf |archive-date=2 June 2025 |access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} {{Antipsychotics}} [[Category:Dichlorophenyl compounds]] [[Category:Drugs wey AbbVie develop]] [[Category:Atypical antipsychotics]] [[Category:Dimethylamino compounds]] [[Category:Dopamine antagonists]] [[Category:H1 receptor antagonists]] [[Category:Mood stabilizers]] [[Category:Serotonin-dopamine activity modulators]] [[Category:Serotonin receptor antagonists]] [[Category:Ureas]] [[Category:Piperazines]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] t1lumkz2bnz8x5pnnx1jdzk2gnmcils 10 31514 116720 2026-11-11T22:44:48Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh template 116720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Antipsychotics | title = [[Antipsychotic]]s ([[ATC code N05#N05A|N05A]]) | state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[Typical antipsychotic|Typical]] | list1 = * '''Dihydro[[acridine]]s:''' [[Clomacran]]^‡ * '''[[Butyrophenone]]s:''' [[Benperidol]] * [[Bromperidol]] ** [[Bromperidol decanoate]] * [[Clofluperol]] * [[Droperidol]] * [[Haloperidol]]^# ** [[Haloperidol decanoate]] * [[Moperone]] * [[Pipamperone]] * [[Spiperone]] * [[Timiperone]] * [[Trifluperidol]] * '''[[Diphenylbutylpiperidine]]s:''' [[Fluspirilene]] * [[Penfluridol]] * [[Pimozide]] * '''[[Phenothiazine]]s:''' [[Acepromazine]] * [[Acetophenazine]] * [[Butaperazine]] * [[Carfenazine|Carphenazine (carfenazine)]]^‡ * [[Chlorpromazine]] * [[Cyamemazine]] * [[Dixyrazine]] * [[Fluphenazine]] ** [[Fluphenazine decanoate]] ** [[Fluphenazine enanthate]] * [[Levomepromazine|Levomepromazine (methotrimeprazine)]] * [[Mesoridazine]] * [[Perazine]] * [[Periciazine]] * [[Perphenazine]] ** [[BL-1020]] ** [[Perphenazine decanoate]] ** [[Perphenazine enanthate]] * [[Piperacetazine]] * [[Pipotiazine]] ** [[Pipotiazine palmitate]] ** [[Pipotiazine undecylenate]] * [[Prochlorperazine]] * [[Promazine]] * [[Sulforidazine]] * [[Thiopropazate]] * [[Thioproperazine]] * [[Thioridazine]] * [[Trifluoperazine]] * [[Triflupromazine]] * '''[[Thioxanthene]]s:''' [[Chlorprothixene]] * [[Clopenthixol]] ** [[Clopenthixol decanoate]] * [[Flupentixol]] ** [[Flupentixol decanoate]] * [[Tiotixene|Tiotixene (thiothixene)]] * [[Zuclopenthixol]] ** [[Zuclopenthixol acetate]] ** [[Zuclopenthixol decanoate]] | group2 = Disputed | list2 = * '''[[Benzamide]]s:''' [[Amisulpride]] * [[Levosulpiride]] * [[Nemonapride]] * [[Remoxipride]]^‡ * [[Sulpiride]] * [[Sultopride]] * [[Tiapride]] * [[Veralipride]]^‡ * '''[[Butyrophenone]]s:''' [[Melperone]] * '''[[Tricyclic]]s:''' [[Carpipramine]] * [[Clocapramine]] * [[Clorotepine]] * [[Clotiapine]] * [[Isoclozapine]] * [[Mosapramine]] * [[Oxyprothepin decanoate]] * '''Others:''' [[Molindone]] | group3 = [[Atypical antipsychotic|Atypical]] | list3 = * '''[[Benzisoxazole]]/[[benzisothiazole]]s:''' [[Iloperidone]] * [[Lurasidone]] * [[Milsaperidone]] * [[Paliperidone]] ** [[Paliperidone palmitate]] * [[Perospirone]] * [[Risperidone]]^# * [[Ziprasidone]] * '''[[Butyrophenone]]s:''' [[Lumateperone]] * '''[[Phenylpiperazine]]s/[[2-Quinolone|quinolinones]]:''' [[Aripiprazole]] ** [[Aripiprazole lauroxil]] * [[Brilaroxazine]]^† * [[Brexpiprazole]] * [[Cariprazine]] * '''[[Tricyclic]]s:''' [[Asenapine]] * [[Clozapine]]^# * [[Loxapine]] * [[Olanzapine]] ([[Olanzapine/samidorphan|+samidorphan]]) * [[Quetiapine]] * [[Zotepine]] * '''Others:''' [[Blonanserin]] * [[Pimavanserin]] * [[Sertindole]] | group4 = Others | list4 = * '''[[Monoamine-depleting agent]]s:''' [[Oxypertine]] * [[Reserpine]] * [[Tetrabenazine]] * '''[[Muscarinic agonist]]s:''' [[Xanomeline/trospium chloride]] * ''Others/unknown:'' [[Azacyclonol]] | belowstyle = padding: 0px; | below = {{PharmNavFootnote}} }} <noinclude> {{collapsible option}} [[Category:Antipsychotics]] [[Category:Drug_templates by ATC]] </noinclude> g78okh9sxrukq8asamojq2csmzwq8hz 116721 116720 2026-11-11T22:47:16Z DaSupremo 9 116721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Antipsychotics | title = [[Antipsychotic]]s ([[ATC code N05#N05A|N05A]]) | state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[Typical antipsychotic|Typical]] | list1 = * '''Dihydro[[acridine]]s:''' [[Clomacran]]^‡ * '''[[Butyrophenone]]s:''' [[Benperidol]] * [[Bromperidol]] ** [[Bromperidol decanoate]] * [[Clofluperol]] * [[Droperidol]] * [[Haloperidol]]^# ** [[Haloperidol decanoate]] * [[Moperone]] * [[Pipamperone]] * [[Spiperone]] * [[Timiperone]] * [[Trifluperidol]] * '''[[Diphenylbutylpiperidine]]s:''' [[Fluspirilene]] * [[Penfluridol]] * [[Pimozide]] * '''[[Phenothiazine]]s:''' [[Acepromazine]] * [[Acetophenazine]] * [[Butaperazine]] * [[Carfenazine|Carphenazine (carfenazine)]]^‡ * [[Chlorpromazine]] * [[Cyamemazine]] * [[Dixyrazine]] * [[Fluphenazine]] ** [[Fluphenazine decanoate]] ** [[Fluphenazine enanthate]] * [[Levomepromazine|Levomepromazine (methotrimeprazine)]] * [[Mesoridazine]] * [[Perazine]] * [[Periciazine]] * [[Perphenazine]] ** [[BL-1020]] ** [[Perphenazine decanoate]] ** [[Perphenazine enanthate]] * [[Piperacetazine]] * [[Pipotiazine]] ** [[Pipotiazine palmitate]] ** [[Pipotiazine undecylenate]] * [[Prochlorperazine]] * [[Promazine]] * [[Sulforidazine]] * [[Thiopropazate]] * [[Thioproperazine]] * [[Thioridazine]] * [[Trifluoperazine]] * [[Triflupromazine]] * '''[[Thioxanthene]]s:''' [[Chlorprothixene]] * [[Clopenthixol]] ** [[Clopenthixol decanoate]] * [[Flupentixol]] ** [[Flupentixol decanoate]] * [[Tiotixene|Tiotixene (thiothixene)]] * [[Zuclopenthixol]] ** [[Zuclopenthixol acetate]] ** [[Zuclopenthixol decanoate]] | group2 = Disputed | list2 = * '''[[Benzamide]]s:''' [[Amisulpride]] * [[Levosulpiride]] * [[Nemonapride]] * [[Remoxipride]]^‡ * [[Sulpiride]] * [[Sultopride]] * [[Tiapride]] * [[Veralipride]]^‡ * '''[[Butyrophenone]]s:''' [[Melperone]] * '''[[Tricyclic]]s:''' [[Carpipramine]] * [[Clocapramine]] * [[Clorotepine]] * [[Clotiapine]] * [[Isoclozapine]] * [[Mosapramine]] * [[Oxyprothepin decanoate]] * '''Others:''' [[Molindone]] | group3 = [[Atypical antipsychotic|Atypical]] | list3 = * '''[[Benzisoxazole]]/[[benzisothiazole]]s:''' [[Iloperidone]] * [[Lurasidone]] * [[Milsaperidone]] * [[Paliperidone]] ** [[Paliperidone palmitate]] * [[Perospirone]] * [[Risperidone]]^# * [[Ziprasidone]] * '''[[Butyrophenone]]s:''' [[Lumateperone]] * '''[[Phenylpiperazine]]s/[[2-Quinolone|quinolinones]]:''' [[Aripiprazole]] ** [[Aripiprazole lauroxil]] * [[Brilaroxazine]]^† * [[Brexpiprazole]] * [[Cariprazine]] * '''[[Tricyclic]]s:''' [[Asenapine]] * [[Clozapine]]^# * [[Loxapine]] * [[Olanzapine]] ([[Olanzapine/samidorphan|+samidorphan]]) * [[Quetiapine]] * [[Zotepine]] * '''Others:''' [[Blonanserin]] * [[Pimavanserin]] * [[Sertindole]] | group4 = Others | list4 = * '''[[Monoamine-depleting agent]]s:''' [[Oxypertine]] * [[Reserpine]] * [[Tetrabenazine]] * '''[[Muscarinic agonist]]s:''' [[Xanomeline/trospium chloride]] * ''Others/unknown:'' [[Azacyclonol]] | belowstyle = padding: 0px; | below = {{PharmNavFootnote}} }} <noinclude> [[Category:Antipsychotics]] [[Category:Drug_templates by ATC]] </noinclude> m499g6rnv4lskyfii6jnbfzs3gh0ppz 0 31515 116723 2026-11-11T22:56:46Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1487343|Valproate]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 116723 wikitext text/x-wiki == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] lv7phf3xzu26ynuxyy396ffgo8ljw9w 116724 116723 2026-11-11T23:18:17Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Valproate''' ('''valproic acid''', '''VPA''', '''sodium valproate''', anaa '''valproate semisodium''') be a medication dem primarily use to treat [[epilepsy]] den as a [[mood stabilizer]] insyd de treatment of [[bipolar disorder]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Valproic Acid|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/valproic-acid.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|date=24 November 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731065623/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/valproic-acid.html|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> E be useful for de prevention of seizures insyd those plus [[absence seizure]]s, [[partial seizure]]s, den [[generalized seizure]]s.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> E fi be given [[intravenous]]ly anaa by mouth, den de tablet forms exist insyd both long- den short-acting formulations.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == 5qetwqu37kjgcjff767gu988umgr94b 116725 116724 2026-11-11T23:21:51Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 116725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Valproate''' ('''valproic acid''', '''VPA''', '''sodium valproate''', anaa '''valproate semisodium''') be a medication dem primarily use to treat [[epilepsy]] den as a [[mood stabilizer]] insyd de treatment of [[bipolar disorder]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|title=Valproic Acid|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/valproic-acid.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|date=24 November 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731065623/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/valproic-acid.html|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> E be useful for de prevention of seizures insyd those plus [[absence seizure]]s, [[partial seizure]]s, den [[generalized seizure]]s.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> E fi be given [[intravenous]]ly anaa by mouth, den de tablet forms exist insyd both long- den short-acting formulations.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Common side effects of valproate dey include nausea, vomiting, [[somnolence]], den dry mouth.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Serious side effects fi include [[Hepatotoxicity|liver failure]], den regular monitoring of [[liver function test]]s therefore be recommended.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Oda serious risks dey include [[pancreatitis]] den an increased [[suicide]] risk.<ref name=AHFS2015/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 7xhqhviaq5xykheqclar8t5qp3orkyc