Talking drum

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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia tile maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Language
!Name
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɔ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Ŋmi'iri buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Language
!Name
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɔ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Ŋmi'iri buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Language
!Name
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɔ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Language
!Name
|-
|Akan languages (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|Akan yetɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|Akan tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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        <username>Akoleko Atayinɛ</username>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|Akan tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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