Talking drum

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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|Akan tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ''' 

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|Akan tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.[25] 

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|Akan tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.[25]. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|Akan tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.[25]. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma.[26]. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. 

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|Akan tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.[25]. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma.[26]. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|Akan tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.[25]. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma.[26]. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.[27] 

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|Akan tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.[25]. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma.[26]. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.[27]. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,[28] luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|Akan tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.[25]. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma.[26]. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.[27]. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,[28] luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. 

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)[4].Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.[5]

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|Akan tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.[7] Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.[6]

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.[25]. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma.[26]. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.[27]. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,[28] luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|Akan tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria [9][10] n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan[11]

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).[6] lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.[25]. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma.[26]. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.[27]. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,[28] luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|Akan tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.[9] Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama.[12].

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.[15]. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.[15][16].

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.[25]. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma.[26]. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.[27]. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,[28] luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|Akan tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi Ghana la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.[17]. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la [18] 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima [19]. 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.[25]. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma.[26]. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.[27]. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,[28] luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan]] tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi [[Gaana|Ghana]] la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna [[Ghana]]. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;[20] 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.[21][22] Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.[23] 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.[24]. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.[4].A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.[25]. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma.[26]. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.[27]. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,[28] luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan]] tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi [[Gaana|Ghana]] la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna [[Ghana]]. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt; luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan]] tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi [[Gaana|Ghana]] la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna [[Ghana]]. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt; luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==
Luŋa woko boi la yima yima yɛsa la buuri yima yima la zuo amaa, sɛla n kɔ'ɔm dɛna buyina de la ka naaŋɔ puan.  

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan]] tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi [[Gaana|Ghana]] la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna [[Ghana]]. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt; luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==
Luŋa woko boi la yima yima yɛsa la buuri yima yima la zuo amaa, sɛla n kɔ'ɔm dɛna buyina de la ka naaŋɔ puan. Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti 'Tama' ti a dɛna Serer nɛreba luŋa la Wolof la Mandinka nɛreba mi kelum tara lunkaŋa taaba nuu. Ka woko beene de la santimita duma pia la buta (13 cm) la santimita duma bayopɔi ( 7 cm) n de luŋa la zuo. A voole gani luŋa woo mɛ.

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan]] tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi [[Gaana|Ghana]] la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna [[Ghana]]. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt; luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==
Luŋa woko boi la yima yima yɛsa la buuri yima yima la zuo amaa, sɛla n kɔ'ɔm dɛna buyina de la ka naaŋɔ puan. Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti 'Tama' ti a dɛna Serer nɛreba luŋa la Wolof la Mandinka nɛreba mi kelum tara lunkaŋa taaba nuu. Ka woko beene de la santimita duma pia la buta (13 cm) la santimita duma bayopɔi ( 7 cm) n de luŋa la zuo. A voole gani luŋa woo mɛ.

Yoruba la Dagomba nɛreba n kɔ'ɔm tara lunkara ti ba yi'ira ba ti 'Lunna' la Dùndún la. Ba woko beene paari santimita piseyi la but a ta paara pita la bunii ( 23–38 cm ). Gee ti zuo la mi woko beene paɛ santimita duma pia ta paara pia la bunii (10 and 18 cm).  Yoruba lunkara wa waabi ba ni dikɛ ba mɛ naara la lunbibesi.

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan]] tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi [[Gaana|Ghana]] la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna [[Ghana]]. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt; luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==
Luŋa woko boi la yima yima yɛsa la buuri yima yima la zuo amaa, sɛla n kɔ'ɔm dɛna buyina de la ka naaŋɔ puan. Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti 'Tama' ti a dɛna Serer nɛreba luŋa la Wolof la Mandinka nɛreba mi kelum tara lunkaŋa taaba nuu. Ka woko beene de la santimita duma pia la buta (13 cm) la santimita duma bayopɔi ( 7 cm) n de luŋa la zuo. A voole gani luŋa woo mɛ.

Yoruba la Dagomba nɛreba n kɔ'ɔm tara lunkara ti ba yi'ira ba ti 'Lunna' la Dùndún la. Ba woko beene paari santimita piseyi la but a ta paara pita la bunii ( 23–38 cm ). Gee ti zuo la mi woko beene paɛ santimita duma pia ta paara pia la bunii (10 and 18 cm).  Yoruba lunkara wa waabi ba ni dikɛ ba mɛ naara la lunbibesi. Ba yi'iri ba la 'Tama' bii 'Gangan' bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan.

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuri ==

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan]] tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi [[Gaana|Ghana]] la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna [[Ghana]]. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt; luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==
Luŋa woko boi la yima yima yɛsa la buuri yima yima la zuo amaa, sɛla n kɔ'ɔm dɛna buyina de la ka naaŋɔ puan. Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti 'Tama' ti a dɛna Serer nɛreba luŋa la Wolof la Mandinka nɛreba mi kelum tara lunkaŋa taaba nuu. Ka woko beene de la santimita duma pia la buta (13 cm) la santimita duma bayopɔi ( 7 cm) n de luŋa la zuo. A voole gani luŋa woo mɛ.

Yoruba la Dagomba nɛreba n kɔ'ɔm tara lunkara ti ba yi'ira ba ti 'Lunna' la Dùndún la. Ba woko beene paari santimita piseyi la but a ta paara pita la bunii ( 23–38 cm ). Gee ti zuo la mi woko beene paɛ santimita duma pia ta paara pia la bunii (10 and 18 cm).  Yoruba lunkara wa waabi ba ni dikɛ ba mɛ naara la lunbibesi. Ba yi'iri ba la 'Tama' bii 'Gangan' bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan.

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuribuuri ==
Luŋa ŋmi'a la ka voole ze'eti la ka maalegɔ puan la nɛreba la yetɔgum n naam se'em.  Playing styles are closely linked with the drum's construction and the tonal qualities of each language. Luŋa ŋmi'a voole boi la yima yima magesɛ wuu Fulani la zi'an woo ti ba tɔgera Mande luŋa ŋmi'a boi la kayima la basɛba lunsi ŋmi'a.

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan]] tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi [[Gaana|Ghana]] la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna [[Ghana]]. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt; luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==
Luŋa woko boi la yima yima yɛsa la buuri yima yima la zuo amaa, sɛla n kɔ'ɔm dɛna buyina de la ka naaŋɔ puan. Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti 'Tama' ti a dɛna Serer nɛreba luŋa la Wolof la Mandinka nɛreba mi kelum tara lunkaŋa taaba nuu. Ka woko beene de la santimita duma pia la buta (13 cm) la santimita duma bayopɔi ( 7 cm) n de luŋa la zuo. A voole gani luŋa woo mɛ.

Yoruba la Dagomba nɛreba n kɔ'ɔm tara lunkara ti ba yi'ira ba ti 'Lunna' la Dùndún la. Ba woko beene paari santimita piseyi la but a ta paara pita la bunii ( 23–38 cm ). Gee ti zuo la mi woko beene paɛ santimita duma pia ta paara pia la bunii (10 and 18 cm).  Yoruba lunkara wa waabi ba ni dikɛ ba mɛ naara la lunbibesi. Ba yi'iri ba la 'Tama' bii 'Gangan' bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan.

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuribuuri ==
Luŋa ŋmi'a la ka voole ze'eti la ka maalegɔ puan la nɛreba la yetɔgum n naam se'em.  Playing styles are closely linked with the drum's construction and the tonal qualities of each language. Luŋa ŋmi'a voole boi la yima yima magesɛ wuu Fulani la zi'an woo ti ba tɔgera Mande luŋa ŋmi'a boi la kayima la basɛba lunsi ŋmi'a.

Luŋa n ŋmi'iri se'em bɔna Senegal, Gambia, western Mali, la Guinea malema puan de la ba ni vɛ'ɛsa  luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam gee tara lundoore nyaa ŋmi'ira gee pɛkɛ luŋa miŋa kankaŋi. Ba tari luŋa wa mɛ ŋmi'ira tɔges 'Mbalax' zaaleŋa tɔgum bɔna Senegal.[29]

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan]] tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi [[Gaana|Ghana]] la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna [[Ghana]]. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt; luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==
Luŋa woko boi la yima yima yɛsa la buuri yima yima la zuo amaa, sɛla n kɔ'ɔm dɛna buyina de la ka naaŋɔ puan. Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti 'Tama' ti a dɛna Serer nɛreba luŋa la Wolof la Mandinka nɛreba mi kelum tara lunkaŋa taaba nuu. Ka woko beene de la santimita duma pia la buta (13 cm) la santimita duma bayopɔi ( 7 cm) n de luŋa la zuo. A voole gani luŋa woo mɛ.

Yoruba la Dagomba nɛreba n kɔ'ɔm tara lunkara ti ba yi'ira ba ti 'Lunna' la Dùndún la. Ba woko beene paari santimita piseyi la but a ta paara pita la bunii ( 23–38 cm ). Gee ti zuo la mi woko beene paɛ santimita duma pia ta paara pia la bunii (10 and 18 cm).  Yoruba lunkara wa waabi ba ni dikɛ ba mɛ naara la lunbibesi. Ba yi'iri ba la 'Tama' bii 'Gangan' bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan.

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuribuuri ==
Luŋa ŋmi'a la ka voole ze'eti la ka maalegɔ puan la nɛreba la yetɔgum n naam se'em.  Playing styles are closely linked with the drum's construction and the tonal qualities of each language. Luŋa ŋmi'a voole boi la yima yima magesɛ wuu Fulani la zi'an woo ti ba tɔgera Mande luŋa ŋmi'a boi la kayima la basɛba lunsi ŋmi'a.

Luŋa n ŋmi'iri se'em bɔna Senegal, Gambia, western Mali, la Guinea malema puan de la ba ni vɛ'ɛsa  luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam gee tara lundoore nyaa ŋmi'ira gee pɛkɛ luŋa miŋa kankaŋi. Ba tari luŋa wa mɛ ŋmi'ira tɔges 'Mbalax' zaaleŋa tɔgum bɔna Senegal.[29]

Fu san bisera Mali, Burkina Faso la Ghana, tara paara Niger, western-Chad, la Nigeria so'olum puan, amaa Fulani la sɛba n tɔgeri Mande yetɔgum ka pa'asɛ bini.  ba ni vɛ'ɛsa  luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam gee tara lundoore nyaa ŋmi'ira gee pɛkɛ luŋa miŋa kankaŋi. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgesa yetɔgum kara hali sɛba bɔkerɛ n tɔi. 

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan]] tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi [[Gaana|Ghana]] la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna [[Ghana]]. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt; luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==
Luŋa woko boi la yima yima yɛsa la buuri yima yima la zuo amaa, sɛla n kɔ'ɔm dɛna buyina de la ka naaŋɔ puan. Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti 'Tama' ti a dɛna Serer nɛreba luŋa la Wolof la Mandinka nɛreba mi kelum tara lunkaŋa taaba nuu. Ka woko beene de la santimita duma pia la buta (13 cm) la santimita duma bayopɔi ( 7 cm) n de luŋa la zuo. A voole gani luŋa woo mɛ.

Yoruba la Dagomba nɛreba n kɔ'ɔm tara lunkara ti ba yi'ira ba ti 'Lunna' la Dùndún la. Ba woko beene paari santimita piseyi la but a ta paara pita la bunii ( 23–38 cm ). Gee ti zuo la mi woko beene paɛ santimita duma pia ta paara pia la bunii (10 and 18 cm).  Yoruba lunkara wa waabi ba ni dikɛ ba mɛ naara la lunbibesi. Ba yi'iri ba la 'Tama' bii 'Gangan' bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan.

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuribuuri ==
Luŋa ŋmi'a la ka voole ze'eti la ka maalegɔ puan la nɛreba la yetɔgum n naam se'em.  Playing styles are closely linked with the drum's construction and the tonal qualities of each language. Luŋa ŋmi'a voole boi la yima yima magesɛ wuu Fulani la zi'an woo ti ba tɔgera Mande luŋa ŋmi'a boi la kayima la basɛba lunsi ŋmi'a.

Luŋa n ŋmi'iri se'em bɔna Senegal, Gambia, western Mali, la Guinea malema puan de la ba ni vɛ'ɛsa  luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam gee tara lundoore nyaa ŋmi'ira gee pɛkɛ luŋa miŋa kankaŋi. Ba tari luŋa wa mɛ ŋmi'ira tɔges 'Mbalax' zaaleŋa tɔgum bɔna Senegal.[29]

Fu san bisera Mali, Burkina Faso la Ghana, tara paara Niger, western-Chad, la Nigeria so'olum puan, amaa Fulani la sɛba n tɔgeri Mande yetɔgum ka pa'asɛ bini.  ba ni vɛ'ɛsa  luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam gee tara lundoore nyaa ŋmi'ira gee pɛkɛ luŋa miŋa kankaŋi. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgesa yetɔgum kara hali sɛba bɔkerɛ n tɔi.Fu san kelum bisɛ Niger–Congo yetɔgum duma teebule la puan, fu wan bɔkɛ sɛla woo suŋa suŋa magesɛ wuu Fuji yuuma n de Yoruba buuri bɔna Nigeria. 

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan]] tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi [[Gaana|Ghana]] la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna [[Ghana]]. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt; luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==
Luŋa woko boi la yima yima yɛsa la buuri yima yima la zuo amaa, sɛla n kɔ'ɔm dɛna buyina de la ka naaŋɔ puan. Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti 'Tama' ti a dɛna Serer nɛreba luŋa la Wolof la Mandinka nɛreba mi kelum tara lunkaŋa taaba nuu. Ka woko beene de la santimita duma pia la buta (13 cm) la santimita duma bayopɔi ( 7 cm) n de luŋa la zuo. A voole gani luŋa woo mɛ.

Yoruba la Dagomba nɛreba n kɔ'ɔm tara lunkara ti ba yi'ira ba ti 'Lunna' la Dùndún la. Ba woko beene paari santimita piseyi la but a ta paara pita la bunii ( 23–38 cm ). Gee ti zuo la mi woko beene paɛ santimita duma pia ta paara pia la bunii (10 and 18 cm).  Yoruba lunkara wa waabi ba ni dikɛ ba mɛ naara la lunbibesi. Ba yi'iri ba la 'Tama' bii 'Gangan' bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan.

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuribuuri ==
Luŋa ŋmi'a la ka voole ze'eti la ka maalegɔ puan la nɛreba la yetɔgum n naam se'em.  Playing styles are closely linked with the drum's construction and the tonal qualities of each language. Luŋa ŋmi'a voole boi la yima yima magesɛ wuu Fulani la zi'an woo ti ba tɔgera Mande luŋa ŋmi'a boi la kayima la basɛba lunsi ŋmi'a.

Luŋa n ŋmi'iri se'em bɔna Senegal, Gambia, western Mali, la Guinea malema puan de la ba ni vɛ'ɛsa  luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam gee tara lundoore nyaa ŋmi'ira gee pɛkɛ luŋa miŋa kankaŋi. Ba tari luŋa wa mɛ ŋmi'ira tɔges 'Mbalax' zaaleŋa tɔgum bɔna Senegal.[29]

Fu san bisera Mali, Burkina Faso la Ghana, tara paara Niger, western-Chad, la Nigeria so'olum puan, amaa Fulani la sɛba n tɔgeri Mande yetɔgum ka pa'asɛ bini.  ba ni vɛ'ɛsa  luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam gee tara lundoore nyaa ŋmi'ira gee pɛkɛ luŋa miŋa kankaŋi. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgesa yetɔgum kara hali sɛba bɔkerɛ n tɔi.Fu san kelum bisɛ Niger–Congo yetɔgum duma teebule la puan, fu wan bɔkɛ sɛla woo suŋa suŋa magesɛ wuu Fuji yuuma n de Yoruba buuri bɔna Nigeria. 

Buuri basɛba puan, nɛra woo ni tara la luŋa yu'urɛ ti ba duma tara ti la dɛna sɔɔleŋa bo'ora nɛreba basɛba. Magesɛ wuu Bulu n boi Cameroon tari yu'ura n ani wuu &quot;Fu san pugum yɛ lɔgesuma, nɔŋerɛ ti tu ɛɛra&quot; bii &quot; Sagirekatɛ la ka tari bia, yire sagirega la ka tari bia&quot;. 

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan]] tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi [[Gaana|Ghana]] la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna [[Ghana]]. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt; luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==
Luŋa woko boi la yima yima yɛsa la buuri yima yima la zuo amaa, sɛla n kɔ'ɔm dɛna buyina de la ka naaŋɔ puan. Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti 'Tama' ti a dɛna Serer nɛreba luŋa la Wolof la Mandinka nɛreba mi kelum tara lunkaŋa taaba nuu. Ka woko beene de la santimita duma pia la buta (13 cm) la santimita duma bayopɔi ( 7 cm) n de luŋa la zuo. A voole gani luŋa woo mɛ.

Yoruba la Dagomba nɛreba n kɔ'ɔm tara lunkara ti ba yi'ira ba ti 'Lunna' la Dùndún la. Ba woko beene paari santimita piseyi la but a ta paara pita la bunii ( 23–38 cm ). Gee ti zuo la mi woko beene paɛ santimita duma pia ta paara pia la bunii (10 and 18 cm).  Yoruba lunkara wa waabi ba ni dikɛ ba mɛ naara la lunbibesi. Ba yi'iri ba la 'Tama' bii 'Gangan' bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan.

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuribuuri ==
Luŋa ŋmi'a la ka voole ze'eti la ka maalegɔ puan la nɛreba la yetɔgum n naam se'em.  Playing styles are closely linked with the drum's construction and the tonal qualities of each language. Luŋa ŋmi'a voole boi la yima yima magesɛ wuu Fulani la zi'an woo ti ba tɔgera Mande luŋa ŋmi'a boi la kayima la basɛba lunsi ŋmi'a.

Luŋa n ŋmi'iri se'em bɔna Senegal, Gambia, western Mali, la Guinea malema puan de la ba ni vɛ'ɛsa  luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam gee tara lundoore nyaa ŋmi'ira gee pɛkɛ luŋa miŋa kankaŋi. Ba tari luŋa wa mɛ ŋmi'ira tɔges 'Mbalax' zaaleŋa tɔgum bɔna Senegal.[29]

Fu san bisera Mali, Burkina Faso la Ghana, tara paara Niger, western-Chad, la Nigeria so'olum puan, amaa Fulani la sɛba n tɔgeri Mande yetɔgum ka pa'asɛ bini.  ba ni vɛ'ɛsa  luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam gee tara lundoore nyaa ŋmi'ira gee pɛkɛ luŋa miŋa kankaŋi. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgesa yetɔgum kara hali sɛba bɔkerɛ n tɔi.Fu san kelum bisɛ Niger–Congo yetɔgum duma teebule la puan, fu wan bɔkɛ sɛla woo suŋa suŋa magesɛ wuu Fuji yuuma n de Yoruba buuri bɔna Nigeria. 

Buuri basɛba puan, nɛra woo ni tara la luŋa yu'urɛ ti ba duma tara ti la dɛna sɔɔleŋa bo'ora nɛreba basɛba. Magesɛ wuu Bulu n boi Cameroon tari yu'ura n ani wuu &quot;Fu san pugum yɛ lɔgesuma, nɔŋerɛ ti tu ɛɛra&quot; bii &quot; Sagirekatɛ la ka tari bia, yire sagirega la ka tari bia&quot;.Lunŋmi'ireba nyaa ni tara luŋa la ŋmi'ira yi'ira nɛreba la yu'ura.[30]. 

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan]] tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi [[Gaana|Ghana]] la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna [[Ghana]]. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt; luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==
Luŋa woko boi la yima yima yɛsa la buuri yima yima la zuo amaa, sɛla n kɔ'ɔm dɛna buyina de la ka naaŋɔ puan. Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti 'Tama' ti a dɛna Serer nɛreba luŋa la Wolof la Mandinka nɛreba mi kelum tara lunkaŋa taaba nuu. Ka woko beene de la santimita duma pia la buta (13 cm) la santimita duma bayopɔi ( 7 cm) n de luŋa la zuo. A voole gani luŋa woo mɛ.

Yoruba la Dagomba nɛreba n kɔ'ɔm tara lunkara ti ba yi'ira ba ti 'Lunna' la Dùndún la. Ba woko beene paari santimita piseyi la but a ta paara pita la bunii ( 23–38 cm ). Gee ti zuo la mi woko beene paɛ santimita duma pia ta paara pia la bunii (10 and 18 cm).  Yoruba lunkara wa waabi ba ni dikɛ ba mɛ naara la lunbibesi. Ba yi'iri ba la 'Tama' bii 'Gangan' bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan.

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuribuuri ==
[[File:WIKI LOVES AFRICA 2016 HYPERFOCALSTUDIOS.jpg|thumb| Lunŋmi'ireba n zɛ bɔbeyinɛ]]
Luŋa ŋmi'a la ka voole ze'eti la ka maalegɔ puan la nɛreba la yetɔgum n naam se'em.  Playing styles are closely linked with the drum's construction and the tonal qualities of each language. Luŋa ŋmi'a voole boi la yima yima magesɛ wuu Fulani la zi'an woo ti ba tɔgera Mande luŋa ŋmi'a boi la kayima la basɛba lunsi ŋmi'a.

Luŋa n ŋmi'iri se'em bɔna Senegal, Gambia, western Mali, la Guinea malema puan de la ba ni vɛ'ɛsa  luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam gee tara lundoore nyaa ŋmi'ira gee pɛkɛ luŋa miŋa kankaŋi. Ba tari luŋa wa mɛ ŋmi'ira tɔges 'Mbalax' zaaleŋa tɔgum bɔna Senegal.[29]

Fu san bisera Mali, Burkina Faso la Ghana, tara paara Niger, western-Chad, la Nigeria so'olum puan, amaa Fulani la sɛba n tɔgeri Mande yetɔgum ka pa'asɛ bini.  ba ni vɛ'ɛsa  luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam gee tara lundoore nyaa ŋmi'ira gee pɛkɛ luŋa miŋa kankaŋi. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgesa yetɔgum kara hali sɛba bɔkerɛ n tɔi.Fu san kelum bisɛ Niger–Congo yetɔgum duma teebule la puan, fu wan bɔkɛ sɛla woo suŋa suŋa magesɛ wuu Fuji yuuma n de Yoruba buuri bɔna Nigeria. 

Buuri basɛba puan, nɛra woo ni tara la luŋa yu'urɛ ti ba duma tara ti la dɛna sɔɔleŋa bo'ora nɛreba basɛba. Magesɛ wuu Bulu n boi Cameroon tari yu'ura n ani wuu &quot;Fu san pugum yɛ lɔgesuma, nɔŋerɛ ti tu ɛɛra&quot; bii &quot; Sagirekatɛ la ka tari bia, yire sagirega la ka tari bia&quot;.Lunŋmi'ireba nyaa ni tara luŋa la ŋmi'ira yi'ira nɛreba la yu'ura.[30]. 

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;


Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan]] tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi [[Gaana|Ghana]] la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna [[Ghana]]. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt; luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==
Luŋa woko boi la yima yima yɛsa la buuri yima yima la zuo amaa, sɛla n kɔ'ɔm dɛna buyina de la ka naaŋɔ puan. Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti 'Tama' ti a dɛna Serer nɛreba luŋa la Wolof la Mandinka nɛreba mi kelum tara lunkaŋa taaba nuu. Ka woko beene de la santimita duma pia la buta (13 cm) la santimita duma bayopɔi ( 7 cm) n de luŋa la zuo. A voole gani luŋa woo mɛ.

Yoruba la Dagomba nɛreba n kɔ'ɔm tara lunkara ti ba yi'ira ba ti 'Lunna' la Dùndún la. Ba woko beene paari santimita piseyi la but a ta paara pita la bunii ( 23–38 cm ). Gee ti zuo la mi woko beene paɛ santimita duma pia ta paara pia la bunii (10 and 18 cm).  Yoruba lunkara wa waabi ba ni dikɛ ba mɛ naara la lunbibesi. Ba yi'iri ba la 'Tama' bii 'Gangan' bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan.

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuribuuri ==
[[File:WIKI LOVES AFRICA 2016 HYPERFOCALSTUDIOS.jpg|thumb| Lunŋmi'ireba n zɛ bɔbeyinɛ]]
Luŋa ŋmi'a la ka voole ze'eti la ka maalegɔ puan la nɛreba la yetɔgum n naam se'em.  Playing styles are closely linked with the drum's construction and the tonal qualities of each language. Luŋa ŋmi'a voole boi la yima yima magesɛ wuu Fulani la zi'an woo ti ba tɔgera Mande luŋa ŋmi'a boi la kayima la basɛba lunsi ŋmi'a.

Luŋa n ŋmi'iri se'em bɔna Senegal, Gambia, western Mali, la Guinea malema puan de la ba ni vɛ'ɛsa  luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam gee tara lundoore nyaa ŋmi'ira gee pɛkɛ luŋa miŋa kankaŋi. Ba tari luŋa wa mɛ ŋmi'ira tɔges 'Mbalax' zaaleŋa tɔgum bɔna Senegal.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisera Mali, Burkina Faso la Ghana, tara paara Niger, western-Chad, la Nigeria so'olum puan, amaa Fulani la sɛba n tɔgeri Mande yetɔgum ka pa'asɛ bini.  ba ni vɛ'ɛsa  luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam gee tara lundoore nyaa ŋmi'ira gee pɛkɛ luŋa miŋa kankaŋi. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgesa yetɔgum kara hali sɛba bɔkerɛ n tɔi.Fu san kelum bisɛ Niger–Congo yetɔgum duma teebule la puan, fu wan bɔkɛ sɛla woo suŋa suŋa magesɛ wuu Fuji yuuma n de Yoruba buuri bɔna Nigeria. 

Buuri basɛba puan, nɛra woo ni tara la luŋa yu'urɛ ti ba duma tara ti la dɛna sɔɔleŋa bo'ora nɛreba basɛba. Magesɛ wuu Bulu n boi Cameroon tari yu'ura n ani wuu &quot;Fu san pugum yɛ lɔgesuma, nɔŋerɛ ti tu ɛɛra&quot; bii &quot; Sagirekatɛ la ka tari bia, yire sagirega la ka tari bia&quot;.Lunŋmi'ireba nyaa ni tara luŋa la ŋmi'ira yi'ira nɛreba la yu'ura.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==
Video of Senegalese talking drum, known as a Tama -&quot;Male' and the talking drum from africa&quot; (in) Youtube

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

* Drum (communication)
* Whistling languages, tonal transpositions of spoken languages

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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Luŋa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ ti ba tara tia dɔɔ (tile) maala ka. Ba ni maalɛ dɔɔ la mɛ ti la tari zuto tuyi gee ti tiŋasuka la n de sia la nyaa ni tara  fole bii yoko. Luŋa wa de la de'eŋo lɔkɔ n ze'ele tuma nɛresabesi so'olum ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'West Africa' la.

Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti a tɔgesɛ asaala yetɔgum. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa (lunŋmi'ira) la ni limesa mɛ gee gbɛkera mi'isi la ti la miina. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgera kɔɔsi yima yima la vo'osum yima yima ti la ŋwɔna la nɛresaala n tɔgeri se'em la&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa woo ni tari la zuto tuyi gee ti ba nyaa ni dikɛ mi'isi lui ba naɛ taaba kankaŋi. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa mɛ n boi kɛlumpaka puan gee nyaa ŋmi'ira. Se'em n ŋmi'iri luŋa la  ta'am ni gbɛkɛ bii a basɛ mi'isi la kola ti la suŋɛ ti luŋa la vo'osum la ka voole bɔna yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Luŋa wa mi'ilum la yuuntusa pia la anii n tole sa la ti lunŋmi'ireba yuum dɔla bilam tara lasebaarɛ paara nɛreba n boi satinzaarɛ n paɛ kilogiramɛ buyoobi ta paɛ bunii (solemiine puan: 6.4–8.0 km)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;.Sɛba duma nu'o n keŋe la luŋa ŋmi'a ta'am ni basɛ ti luŋa miŋa tɔgɛ yelebinaarɛ.Luŋa wa taaba boi Asia mɛ, amaa lunkaŋa ka tɔgeri wuu Africa luŋa la. Gee se'em ti ba yi'ira ti 'idakka' ta'am tɔgesa yuuma mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Luŋa wa buuri buuri bunuu de la 'dùndún' n de Yoruba duma dinɛ,  'atumpan' la 'fontomfrom' n de Asante (Ashanti) duma dinɛ. Ba ta'am dikɛ lasebaarɛ paɛ satinsi n zaɛ kilogiramɛ pita la buyi (32 km). Ti lunŋmi'ireba  basɛba nyaa ni toe sooleŋa miŋa nyaa ta'asɛ tole niŋa.[[File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|[[Yoruba music|Yoruba duma]] Lunŋmi'ireba: Yia daana la tari la lundaa [['omele ako']] bii [['batá']], gee ti bayi la mi tara lunya'asi 'dùndúns'.]]

== Luŋa wa yu'ura bɔna yetɔgum buuri buuri puan ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Yetɔgum
!Ba yi'iri luŋa se'em
|-
|[[Akan language|Akan]] tɔgum (Fante, Twi, Baoule)
|Dondo, Odondo
|-
|Bambara, Bozo, Dyula tɔgum
|Tamanin
|-
|Dagbani, Gurunsi, Moore tɔgum
|Lunna, Donno
|-
|Efik tɔgum
|Obodom
|-
|Fulani tɔgum
|Mbaggu, Baggel
|-
|Hausa tɔgum
|Kalangu, Dan Kar'bi
|-
|Songhai tɔgum
|Doodo
|-
|Serer, Wolof, Mandinka tɔgum
|Tama, Tamma
|-
|Yoruba tɔgum
|Dùndún, Gángan
|} 
[[File:Gangan.jpg|thumb|Lunya'aŋa n bala 'Gangan']]

== Tuusum ==
Luŋa de la sɛla ti nɛresabesi pugum tara ti la dabesa zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Ba kɔ'ɔm pɔsɛ zi'an yia de la Bono n boi [[Gaana|Ghana]] la Yoruba buuri malema puan n boi Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt; n de Hausa nɛreba la.  Yoruba duma ze'ele la Nigeria la Benin gee ti Dagomba duma mi ze'ele saazuen bɔna [[Ghana]]. Bana za'a waabi n lagum pɔsɛ luŋa wa yɛla saŋa kayima puan&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;

Amaa, tu tari de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba mɛ ti ba ŋwana la luŋa gee dagena luŋa. Basɛba yi'iri ba la Dunan bii Fontomfrom.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;Luŋa wa nyaa boi zi'an woo mɛ magesɛ wuu Cameroon la Chad gee tinsesi ti luŋa wa tuuma kɔ'ɔm zo'e kankaŋi de la Kanuri, Djerma, Fulani, la Hausa. 
[[File:Omele Bata drum.jpg|thumb|Luŋa dɔɔrɔ la gama 'Batá']]
'''Serer nɛreba'''

La boi Senegalese la Gambia duma tuusum puan mɛ ti sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti 'tama' bɔna Serer tɔgum puan de la Serer malema yuuma ti na yi'ira ti &quot;Woong&quot;. Serer duma budibeto sɛba ti ba nan ka gbaba la. Ba yi'ira ba la &quot;Xaat&quot; (n boi Serer tɔgum puan).&lt;ref&gt;http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/223&lt;/ref&gt;lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti &quot;tama' tari la Serer duma yimpu'usegɔ yɛla n pugum bɔna gee bo Ghana na'am la.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324828208&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisa Xaat malema la puan, 'tama' pa'asɛ la yuuma de'eŋo bunaasi puan. The Serer lunsi wa basɛba de la: Perngel; Lamb; Qiin; la Tama&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;.

Se'em ma'a ti niiŋa ni ta kaasɛ la ti Xaat la ni ga'arɛ mɛ gise ti mina n ta'am naɛ la 'tam-tam' la wa, iŋa la 'Perngel', Qiin la Tama.
[[File:The talking drum wooden frame.jpg|thumb|Dɔɔrɔ sɛba ti ba tari maala luŋa]]
— Henry Gravrand

Tuusum puan pa'alɛ ti, tama kɔ'ɔm ana mɛ wuu Serer junjung duma solensoleba ze'ele Senegambian. Fu ku dumiŋa de la sɛla ti nɛra woo wan ta'am iŋɛ amaa la nari ti la doose la  wara sɛka n de 'Jom'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire wa &quot;Jom&quot; vuurɛ de la &quot;na'ase&quot; bɔna Serer yetɔgum puan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Yoruba Nɛreba'''

Ayangalu

Ayangalu n de mina ti nɛrewoo mina ti iŋa n pɔsɛ Yoruba luŋa de'eŋo wa. Iŋa yuum ki la, ba dikɛ mɛ ti a lebege bagerɛ bii ba yuum mɛ e mɛ ti a dɛna bagerɛ bɔna 'Orishas' malema puan. Fu san paɛ Yoruba malema puan ba tari sira sakerɛ ti Ayangalu bo'ori sɛba duma woo n ŋmi'iri luŋa la sia puan inkpemesego ti ba tana ŋmi'ira suŋa suŋa. Yelebire wa &quot;Ayan&quot; vuurɛ de la lunŋmi'ira bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan. Bal n sɔi ti Yoruba yizuto ni dikɛ 'Ayan' pa'asa ba yi'ira puan la magesɛ wuu: Ayanbisi, Ayangbade, Ayantunde, Ayanwande. Bala pa'alɛ ti sɛba duma to ba dikɛ yu'urɛ wa siege baduma la ni tara la sia paŋa zɛ'ɛta 'Ayangalu' zi'an.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Diime sa la, luŋa ŋmi'a yuum de la Afirika duma de'eŋo lɔkɔ kankaŋi magesɛ wuu: Mbalax yuuma n boi Senegal bii Fuji la Jùjú yuuma n boi Nigeria ti ba yi'ira ti dùndún la. Amaa, dundun boi la ayima la Mandé nɛreba dinɛ la&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa bɔna pɔgedire malema puan, kum laarɛ puan, la nɛreba lagesegɔ zi'an. Ba tari luŋa wa naara la Afirika de'eŋo lɔgerɔ basɛba. 

== Ba ŋmi'iri luŋa se'em ==
[[File:Iya Ilu Dundun.png|thumb |Iya Ilu, [[Yoruba people|Yoruba duma]] Luŋa.]]
Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti 'Iya Ilu' la de la Yoruba nɛreba dinɛ. Luŋa wa de la sɛla ti ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ka tɔgesa tɔgum buuri buuri. Sɛla n wan basɛ ti bala ta'am iŋɛ de la, mina daana n ŋmi'iri luŋa nari ti vɛ'ɛsa luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ti ka voole la bɔna yima yima. Ba ni pɛkɛ luŋa wa mɛ bɔna kelempa puan lem sapiresi ti la suŋera ti luŋa la tana kaasa la nari se'em. Lunŋmi'ira la ta'am basɛ ti luŋa tana yi'ira kɔdaasi la kɔnya'asi yima yima&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51499&lt;/ref&gt; 

Solemiisi n yuum de sɛba n yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa de la sɛla n ta'am tɔgera. Hali, luŋa ta'am tari sɔɔleŋa kiŋɛ kalam gana weefo. Roger T. Clarke, n yuum wa'am Afirika ti a wa tum Yinɛ tuuma la yuum viisɛ baŋɛ ti luŋa la mi'isi ni bɔna la yima yima gana suŋera ti luŋa kaasega la ka vo'osum bɔna yima yima &quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afirika yetɔgum zo'e zo'e tari la kɔa limesego gana basera ti yelebire vuurɛ teera.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;Fu san bisera  Yoruba uetɔgum puan la boi bini mɛ. Amaa, Serer tɔgum puan kɔa limesego ka boi bini la 'Senegambian' yetɔgum duma la za'a gee 'Niger-Congo' yɔtɔgum za'a waabi tari kɔa limesego mɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sɛla n  de pakerɛ de la, luŋa iti la ŋwani tana tɔgera gee ka mina kɔdaa la kɔnya'aŋa yima yima bɔkera?.John F. Carrington yuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ bɔna 1949 yuunɛ la puan pa'ala se'em ti Afirika luŋa tana dikera sɔɔleŋa paara zi'ansi n zaɛ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. A yuum yeti luŋa woo tari la budaanɛ la pɔgenɛ kɔa ka limesego puan suŋera ti voole la kina zaara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.A yuum kelum viisɛ baŋɛ ti yelebire woo ti luŋa yi'ira ni dikɛ la yelebinaarɛ  n ka tari vuurɛ pa'asa bini [Viisegɔ lɔkɔ n nari la bɔna kalam]. 

'''Makerɛ'''

Sɔɔleŋa san dɛna ti &quot;kulum yire na&quot; lunŋmi'ireba ta'am ni lerege yeti: &quot; Basɛ ti fu nama wa'am bii lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, basɛ ti fu nama la lem na wuu ba iŋɛ se'em kiŋɛ la, dikɛ Fu nama burɛ tiŋa bii lem tinsɛka n de tu dinɛ la&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood&lt;/ref&gt;. Yelebire diyima, magesɛ wuu &quot;nambua&quot; ta'am lerege dɛna ti &quot; nambua la biswri la tiŋa nuuren bii tiŋa&quot; gee ti &quot;zaberɛ&quot; ta'am dɛna ti &quot;zaberɛ n tari namesegɔ kina na&quot;. 

Luŋa tɔgum dagi naana, yelebire diyina ma'a ni tara la yelebinaarɛ duma n paɛ se'em ma'a bala n sɔi ti se'em woo n zameseri luŋa ŋmi'a la ni ka dɛna tuumpika bo'ora ba duma&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Luŋa san ni tara yelebɛa zo'e zo'e bala n ni suŋera ti bɔkerɛ la dɛna naana bo'ora sɛba n kɛlesi la. Se'em ma'a ti solemiisi yuum ta baŋɛ ti luŋa ta'am tɔgera mɛ la ti luŋa ŋmi'a yuum ka le ba bɔna Afirika so'olum bala. 

Ba yuum sogese Carrington ti a yuum bo a puti'irɛ ti, yelebɛa sɛba n ka ba'am parɛ la, luŋa san ta yi'ira Ba, bɔkerɛ la ni tɔna mɛ. Magesɛ wuu, ba san dikɛ tɔgum bo'ora pugela, lunŋmi'ireba la daa ti'isɛ ti, ba tɔgeri bo'ora la zinnyɔgereba bii zim yuka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt;. Wuu Finnegan n pugum yele se'em la,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-west-african-drums-really-talk-180978296/&lt;/ref&gt; luŋa ka tɔgeri yeleyina ma'a. Luŋa tɔgeri zaaleŋa uɛla mɛ, yuuma, kum yuuma, tuusum yɛla, tɔgebiŋemo, dakerɛ duma, buuri na'asegɔ la malema yɛla. 

Fu san bisera Ashanti  bii Yoruba duma malema puan, luŋa ŋmi'a de la sɛla ti ba yuum ta'am basɛ ti la dɛna yelezuo bɔna ba malema la puan. Lunŋmi'ireba  yeleyele wuu sɛba tum la yue la yuum de la sɛba ti ba na'asa ba duma wuu naduma la.  

== Ba maale luŋa se'em ==
Luŋa woko boi la yima yima yɛsa la buuri yima yima la zuo amaa, sɛla n kɔ'ɔm dɛna buyina de la ka naaŋɔ puan. Lunsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti 'Tama' ti a dɛna Serer nɛreba luŋa la Wolof la Mandinka nɛreba mi kelum tara lunkaŋa taaba nuu. Ka woko beene de la santimita duma pia la buta (13 cm) la santimita duma bayopɔi ( 7 cm) n de luŋa la zuo. A voole gani luŋa woo mɛ.

Yoruba la Dagomba nɛreba n kɔ'ɔm tara lunkara ti ba yi'ira ba ti 'Lunna' la Dùndún la. Ba woko beene paari santimita piseyi la but a ta paara pita la bunii ( 23–38 cm ). Gee ti zuo la mi woko beene paɛ santimita duma pia ta paara pia la bunii (10 and 18 cm).  Yoruba lunkara wa waabi ba ni dikɛ ba mɛ naara la lunbibesi. Ba yi'iri ba la 'Tama' bii 'Gangan' bɔna Yoruba yetɔgum puan.

== Luŋa ŋmi'a buuri buuribuuri ==
[[File:WIKI LOVES AFRICA 2016 HYPERFOCALSTUDIOS.jpg|thumb| Lunŋmi'ireba n zɛ bɔbeyinɛ]]
Luŋa ŋmi'a la ka voole ze'eti la ka maalegɔ puan la nɛreba la yetɔgum n naam se'em.  Playing styles are closely linked with the drum's construction and the tonal qualities of each language. Luŋa ŋmi'a voole boi la yima yima magesɛ wuu Fulani la zi'an woo ti ba tɔgera Mande luŋa ŋmi'a boi la kayima la basɛba lunsi ŋmi'a.

Luŋa n ŋmi'iri se'em bɔna Senegal, Gambia, western Mali, la Guinea malema puan de la ba ni vɛ'ɛsa  luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam gee tara lundoore nyaa ŋmi'ira gee pɛkɛ luŋa miŋa kankaŋi. Ba tari luŋa wa mɛ ŋmi'ira tɔges 'Mbalax' zaaleŋa tɔgum bɔna Senegal.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499&lt;/ref&gt;

Fu san bisera Mali, Burkina Faso la Ghana, tara paara Niger, western-Chad, la Nigeria so'olum puan, amaa Fulani la sɛba n tɔgeri Mande yetɔgum ka pa'asɛ bini.  ba ni vɛ'ɛsa  luŋa mi'isi la mɛ ŋwana kalam kalam gee tara lundoore nyaa ŋmi'ira gee pɛkɛ luŋa miŋa kankaŋi. Bala n ni basɛ ti luŋa la tana tɔgesa yetɔgum kara hali sɛba bɔkerɛ n tɔi.Fu san kelum bisɛ Niger–Congo yetɔgum duma teebule la puan, fu wan bɔkɛ sɛla woo suŋa suŋa magesɛ wuu Fuji yuuma n de Yoruba buuri bɔna Nigeria. 

Buuri basɛba puan, nɛra woo ni tara la luŋa yu'urɛ ti ba duma tara ti la dɛna sɔɔleŋa bo'ora nɛreba basɛba. Magesɛ wuu Bulu n boi Cameroon tari yu'ura n ani wuu &quot;Fu san pugum yɛ lɔgesuma, nɔŋerɛ ti tu ɛɛra&quot; bii &quot; Sagirekatɛ la ka tari bia, yire sagirega la ka tari bia&quot;.Lunŋmi'ireba nyaa ni tara luŋa la ŋmi'ira yi'ira nɛreba la yu'ura.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000051499&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (lɔgerɔ) ==
[[Buuri Buuri: AfroCurationGhana2026]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nyiŋa Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ (External Links) ==
Video of Senegalese talking drum, known as a Tama -&quot;Male' and the talking drum from africa&quot; (in) Youtube

== Kelum bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ ==

* Drum (communication)
* Whistling languages, tonal transpositions of spoken languages

== Nɛreba bii gɔnɔ puti'ira (Bibliography) ==
•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;La civilisation seereer – Pangool, vol. 2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, pp. 40, 48–49, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2723610551&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

•(in French) Gravrand, Henry, &quot;L'Heritage spirituel Sereer: Valeur traditionelle d'hier, d'aujourd'hui et de demain&quot;, in Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-Africaine, 3e trimestre 1982 [1] Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 7 May 2012)

•(in English) Joof, Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham, &quot;Senegambia, the land of our heritage&quot; (1995)

•(in French) Sarr, Alioune, &quot;Histoire du Sine-Saloum&quot; (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987, p. 42.

•&quot;Drum Telegraphy&quot;. TIME, 21 September 1942. Online version accessed 7 November 2006.</text>
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== Gaana yuuma (Hailafu) buuri buuri ==
Gaana yuuma Hailafu pɔsɛ la 1980 sa ti nɛresabelesi dikɛ e gɛrekɛ la solemiisi yuuma n boe Amɛreka.

Gaana Hailafu yuuma daa pu la butã: Adaha Fanti Osibisaaba palm-wine music.</text>
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Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}</text>
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      <text bytes="594" sha1="s2efaqr8tme3i3m8hpj7wsokzep2a8n" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}</text>
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      <text bytes="1719" sha1="96dxaqfc8r1efwtqph3eechndd6mgyq" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

The mbira is a traditional instrument of the Shona People often used in religious ceremonies. It is the most iconic Shona instrument. There are several different varieties of mbira including the mbira dzavadzimu and mbira nyunga nyunga.

An Mbira dzavadzimu

Shona music is well known as representative of mbira (&quot;thumb piano&quot;) music. The performer of the &quot;kushaura&quot; (lead mbira part) often acts also as the lead vocalist, selecting a known melody or mbira pattern to accompany selected lyrics, usually a phrase or a few lines of text which are then commented upon improvisationally. The performer of the &quot;kutsinira&quot; (second mbira part) plays a pattern which interlocks with the &quot;kushaura&quot; in a way that creates the repeated notes which identify mbira music. The &quot;kutsinira&quot; part is sometimes the same part as the &quot;kushaura&quot;, but following the kushaura one pulse behind. The mbira players are accompanied by another less active singer who plays the hosho (a rattle) and responds to the improvised lyrics of the singer and, most importantly, embellishes and complements the lead vocal melody. (Garfias 1971)[citation needed]</text>
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      <text bytes="594" sha1="s2efaqr8tme3i3m8hpj7wsokzep2a8n" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}</text>
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      <text bytes="1929" sha1="jxi9dv7n39ils2hnsx1i6qgom1i3ajh" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []</text>
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      <text bytes="2400" sha1="lv6ilnru17sqhxzws97kkhr5ekg7zms" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

Ŋmi'a

Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Mhande lusi* 

1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego 

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*4Dinhe lusi* 

1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Chokoto lusi* 

(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego</text>
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      <text bytes="3197" sha1="t0w33cbcgdxljap7s00lrh7gzwl6b42" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

Ŋmi'a

Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Mhande lusi*

1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego 

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*4Dinhe lusi*

1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Chokoto lusi*

(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Hosho* 

Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Daani Shona yuuma*

Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Zina* 

Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]</text>
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      <text bytes="3795" sha1="5yxxanajatjrvc3e6yf1b4j0mry9k2n" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

Ŋmi'a

Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Mhande lusi*

1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego 

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*4Dinhe lusi*

1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Chokoto lusi*

(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Hosho* 

Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Daani Shona yuuma*

Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Zina*

Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba*

Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]</text>
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      <text bytes="5241" sha1="awiimus879ao73fz6ziusue5s2su4j5" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

Ŋmi'a

Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Mhande lusi*

1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego 

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*4Dinhe lusi*

1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Chokoto lusi*

(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Hosho* 

Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Daani Shona yuuma*

Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Zina*

Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba*

Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi marimba*

Shona marimbas de la yuum sɛka ti yuunɛ la tara vo'osum siyopɔi gee ti ba maalɛ ka la F#s gee ka pa'asɛ. Ba boi la diyima la marimbas basɛba  dɔla la ba bɛa/nink kara la di vua e boi bɛa/nini duma la puan (ti ba ta'am iŋɛ ti voole bɔna). Ba tari la marimba buuri buuri bunaasi ti ba ŋmi'ira e boi bani puan, si yu'ura de la voole daa e boi tiŋa,  tiŋasuka voole daa, voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a. Voole daa e boi tiŋa la e tari ninkara la usega gee me le dɛna bungirega, suna ti ba tara dibesi bunwogero bii kara ŋmi'ira. Tiŋasuka voole daa e le tagelɛ si kara bii aŋa puan, sɛka e tari vo'osum bunii gana voole daa e boi tiŋa. Ka me kelum tara kua e zoni saazuo gee la dibesi kara bii wogero, amaa la kɔ'ɔm ka ba'am wɔgɛ bii karegɛ bii voole daa e boi tiŋa la. Voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a lagum tara la dibega ayima bii yiŋa ti ba tara ŋmi'ira ka. Voole daa e gani za'a nuurɛ zoni zɔ'ɔra la sugenuurɛ buyi, ti la zɔna saazuo zuna la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a bunbila bii e boi tiŋa. 

Voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a e ŋmi'iri tilum bɔba, la voole daa e gani za'a ti la ita limesego.

Voole daa e boi tiŋa latiŋasuka voole daa ŋmi'iri la zi'isi ayima la taaba, ita ti yuunɛ la vuurɛ yɛsa. Marimba yu'urɛ yese me e boi Zimbabwe sukuu duma pɔɔsin, la sukuu duma zo'e zo'e ti ba tara magesɛ wuu bani ayima.</text>
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      <text bytes="5365" sha1="2zigd29qza9u0xhk86zjm0izw48xd67" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

Ŋmi'a

Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Mhande lusi*

1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego 

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*4Dinhe lusi*

1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Chokoto lusi*

(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Hosho* 

Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Daani Shona yuuma*

Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Zina*

Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba*

Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi marimba*

Shona marimbas de la yuum sɛka ti yuunɛ la tara vo'osum siyopɔi gee ti ba maalɛ ka la F#s gee ka pa'asɛ. Ba boi la diyima la marimbas basɛba  dɔla la ba bɛa/nink kara la di vua e boi bɛa/nini duma la puan (ti ba ta'am iŋɛ ti voole bɔna). Ba tari la marimba buuri buuri bunaasi ti ba ŋmi'ira e boi bani puan, si yu'ura de la voole daa e boi tiŋa,  tiŋasuka voole daa, voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a. Voole daa e boi tiŋa la e tari ninkara la usega gee me le dɛna bungirega, suna ti ba tara dibesi bunwogero bii kara ŋmi'ira. Tiŋasuka voole daa e le tagelɛ si kara bii aŋa puan, sɛka e tari vo'osum bunii gana voole daa e boi tiŋa. Ka me kelum tara kua e zoni saazuo gee la dibesi kara bii wogero, amaa la kɔ'ɔm ka ba'am wɔgɛ bii karegɛ bii voole daa e boi tiŋa la. Voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a lagum tara la dibega ayima bii yiŋa ti ba tara ŋmi'ira ka. Voole daa e gani za'a nuurɛ zoni zɔ'ɔra la sugenuurɛ buyi, ti la zɔna saazuo zuna la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a bunbila bii e boi tiŋa. 

Voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a e ŋmi'iri tilum bɔba, la voole daa e gani za'a ti la ita limesego.

Voole daa e boi tiŋa latiŋasuka voole daa ŋmi'iri la zi'isi ayima la taaba, ita ti yuunɛ la vuurɛ yɛsa. Marimba yu'urɛ yese me e boi Zimbabwe sukuu duma pɔɔsin, la sukuu duma zo'e zo'e ti ba tara magesɛ wuu bani ayima.</text>
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      <text bytes="5461" sha1="2cje8y6zxbahuhjp48d3xvt4ybpnatt" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

Ŋmi'a

Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Mhande lusi*

1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego 

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*4Dinhe lusi*

1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Chokoto lusi*

(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Hosho* 

Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Daani Shona yuuma*

Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Zina*

Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba*

Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
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&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi marimba*

Shona marimbas de la yuum sɛka ti yuunɛ la tara vo'osum siyopɔi gee ti ba maalɛ ka la F#s gee ka pa'asɛ. Ba boi la diyima la marimbas basɛba  dɔla la ba bɛa/nink kara la di vua e boi bɛa/nini duma la puan (ti ba ta'am iŋɛ ti voole bɔna). Ba tari la marimba buuri buuri bunaasi ti ba ŋmi'ira e boi bani puan, si yu'ura de la voole daa e boi tiŋa,  tiŋasuka voole daa, voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a. Voole daa e boi tiŋa la e tari ninkara la usega gee me le dɛna bungirega, suna ti ba tara dibesi bunwogero bii kara ŋmi'ira. Tiŋasuka voole daa e le tagelɛ si kara bii aŋa puan, sɛka e tari vo'osum bunii gana voole daa e boi tiŋa. Ka me kelum tara kua e zoni saazuo gee la dibesi kara bii wogero, amaa la kɔ'ɔm ka ba'am wɔgɛ bii karegɛ bii voole daa e boi tiŋa la. Voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a lagum tara la dibega ayima bii yiŋa ti ba tara ŋmi'ira ka. Voole daa e gani za'a nuurɛ zoni zɔ'ɔra la sugenuurɛ buyi, ti la zɔna saazuo zuna la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a bunbila bii e boi tiŋa. 

Voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a e ŋmi'iri tilum bɔba, la voole daa e gani za'a ti la ita limesego.

Voole daa e boi tiŋa latiŋasuka voole daa ŋmi'iri la zi'isi ayima la taaba, ita ti yuunɛ la vuurɛ yɛsa. Marimba yu'urɛ yese me e boi Zimbabwe sukuu duma pɔɔsin, la sukuu duma zo'e zo'e ti ba tara magesɛ wuu bani ayima.

This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''</text>
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      <text bytes="5487" sha1="d7cvbkp3erioj82ioj70htac0fyywh1" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

Ŋmi'a

Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Mhande lusi*

1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego 

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*4Dinhe lusi*

1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Chokoto lusi*

(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Hosho* 

Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Daani Shona yuuma*

Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Zina*

Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba*

Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
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|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi marimba*

Shona marimbas de la yuum sɛka ti yuunɛ la tara vo'osum siyopɔi gee ti ba maalɛ ka la F#s gee ka pa'asɛ. Ba boi la diyima la marimbas basɛba  dɔla la ba bɛa/nink kara la di vua e boi bɛa/nini duma la puan (ti ba ta'am iŋɛ ti voole bɔna). Ba tari la marimba buuri buuri bunaasi ti ba ŋmi'ira e boi bani puan, si yu'ura de la voole daa e boi tiŋa,  tiŋasuka voole daa, voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a. Voole daa e boi tiŋa la e tari ninkara la usega gee me le dɛna bungirega, suna ti ba tara dibesi bunwogero bii kara ŋmi'ira. Tiŋasuka voole daa e le tagelɛ si kara bii aŋa puan, sɛka e tari vo'osum bunii gana voole daa e boi tiŋa. Ka me kelum tara kua e zoni saazuo gee la dibesi kara bii wogero, amaa la kɔ'ɔm ka ba'am wɔgɛ bii karegɛ bii voole daa e boi tiŋa la. Voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a lagum tara la dibega ayima bii yiŋa ti ba tara ŋmi'ira ka. Voole daa e gani za'a nuurɛ zoni zɔ'ɔra la sugenuurɛ buyi, ti la zɔna saazuo zuna la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a bunbila bii e boi tiŋa. 

Voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a e ŋmi'iri tilum bɔba, la voole daa e gani za'a ti la ita limesego.

Voole daa e boi tiŋa latiŋasuka voole daa ŋmi'iri la zi'isi ayima la taaba, ita ti yuunɛ la vuurɛ yɛsa. Marimba yu'urɛ yese me e boi Zimbabwe sukuu duma pɔɔsin, la sukuu duma zo'e zo'e ti ba tara magesɛ wuu bani ayima.
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      <text bytes="5813" sha1="rvqv5zxptfhh1mlsosd1lcwlhy83tkq" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

Ŋmi'a

Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Mhande lusi*

1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego 

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*4Dinhe lusi*

1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Chokoto lusi*

(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Hosho* 

Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Daani Shona yuuma*

Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Zina*

Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba*

Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
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|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
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&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi marimba*

Shona marimbas de la yuum sɛka ti yuunɛ la tara vo'osum siyopɔi gee ti ba maalɛ ka la F#s gee ka pa'asɛ. Ba boi la diyima la marimbas basɛba  dɔla la ba bɛa/nink kara la di vua e boi bɛa/nini duma la puan (ti ba ta'am iŋɛ ti voole bɔna). Ba tari la marimba buuri buuri bunaasi ti ba ŋmi'ira e boi bani puan, si yu'ura de la voole daa e boi tiŋa,  tiŋasuka voole daa, voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a. Voole daa e boi tiŋa la e tari ninkara la usega gee me le dɛna bungirega, suna ti ba tara dibesi bunwogero bii kara ŋmi'ira. Tiŋasuka voole daa e le tagelɛ si kara bii aŋa puan, sɛka e tari vo'osum bunii gana voole daa e boi tiŋa. Ka me kelum tara kua e zoni saazuo gee la dibesi kara bii wogero, amaa la kɔ'ɔm ka ba'am wɔgɛ bii karegɛ bii voole daa e boi tiŋa la. Voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a lagum tara la dibega ayima bii yiŋa ti ba tara ŋmi'ira ka. Voole daa e gani za'a nuurɛ zoni zɔ'ɔra la sugenuurɛ buyi, ti la zɔna saazuo zuna la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a bunbila bii e boi tiŋa. 

Voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a e ŋmi'iri tilum bɔba, la voole daa e gani za'a ti la ita limesego.

Voole daa e boi tiŋa latiŋasuka voole daa ŋmi'iri la zi'isi ayima la taaba, ita ti yuunɛ la vuurɛ yɛsa. Marimba yu'urɛ yese me e boi Zimbabwe sukuu duma pɔɔsin, la sukuu duma zo'e zo'e ti ba tara magesɛ wuu bani ayima.
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== Yuunyuuneba ==

* Chartwell Dutiro
* Chiwoniso Maraire
* Chris Berry
* Cosmas Magaya
* Dumisani Maraire
* Ephat Mujuru
* Erica Azim
* Forward Kwenda
* Fabio Chivhanda
* Herbert Schwamborn
* James Chimombe
* Oliver Mtukudzi
* Stella Chiweshe
* Tendayi Gahamadze
* Hope Masike
* Thomas Mapfumo
* Jah Prayzah
* Leonard Dembo</text>
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      <text bytes="5833" sha1="nb85qtn9itwy0l11i7h3vf62wcrf6l7" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

Ŋmi'a

Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Mhande lusi*

1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego 

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*4Dinhe lusi*

1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Chokoto lusi*

(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Hosho* 

Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Daani Shona yuuma*

Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Zina*

Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba*

Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
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&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi marimba*

Shona marimbas de la yuum sɛka ti yuunɛ la tara vo'osum siyopɔi gee ti ba maalɛ ka la F#s gee ka pa'asɛ. Ba boi la diyima la marimbas basɛba  dɔla la ba bɛa/nink kara la di vua e boi bɛa/nini duma la puan (ti ba ta'am iŋɛ ti voole bɔna). Ba tari la marimba buuri buuri bunaasi ti ba ŋmi'ira e boi bani puan, si yu'ura de la voole daa e boi tiŋa,  tiŋasuka voole daa, voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a. Voole daa e boi tiŋa la e tari ninkara la usega gee me le dɛna bungirega, suna ti ba tara dibesi bunwogero bii kara ŋmi'ira. Tiŋasuka voole daa e le tagelɛ si kara bii aŋa puan, sɛka e tari vo'osum bunii gana voole daa e boi tiŋa. Ka me kelum tara kua e zoni saazuo gee la dibesi kara bii wogero, amaa la kɔ'ɔm ka ba'am wɔgɛ bii karegɛ bii voole daa e boi tiŋa la. Voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a lagum tara la dibega ayima bii yiŋa ti ba tara ŋmi'ira ka. Voole daa e gani za'a nuurɛ zoni zɔ'ɔra la sugenuurɛ buyi, ti la zɔna saazuo zuna la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a bunbila bii e boi tiŋa. 

Voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a e ŋmi'iri tilum bɔba, la voole daa e gani za'a ti la ita limesego.

Voole daa e boi tiŋa latiŋasuka voole daa ŋmi'iri la zi'isi ayima la taaba, ita ti yuunɛ la vuurɛ yɛsa. Marimba yu'urɛ yese me e boi Zimbabwe sukuu duma pɔɔsin, la sukuu duma zo'e zo'e ti ba tara magesɛ wuu bani ayima.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
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== Yuunyuuneba ==

* Chartwell Dutiro
* Chiwoniso Maraire
* Chris Berry
* Cosmas Magaya
* Dumisani Maraire
* Ephat Mujuru
* Erica Azim
* Forward Kwenda
* Fabio Chivhanda
* Herbert Schwamborn
* James Chimombe
* Oliver Mtukudzi
* Stella Chiweshe
* Tendayi Gahamadze
* Hope Masike
* Thomas Mapfumo
* Jah Prayzah
* Leonard Dembo


Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ</text>
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      <text bytes="8837" sha1="b6lmo8xi77aayg87w088r2haldoir6l" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

Ŋmi'a

Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Mhande lusi*

1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego 

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*4Dinhe lusi*

1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Chokoto lusi*

(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Hosho* 

Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Daani Shona yuuma*

Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Zina*

Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba*

Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
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&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi marimba*

Shona marimbas de la yuum sɛka ti yuunɛ la tara vo'osum siyopɔi gee ti ba maalɛ ka la F#s gee ka pa'asɛ. Ba boi la diyima la marimbas basɛba  dɔla la ba bɛa/nink kara la di vua e boi bɛa/nini duma la puan (ti ba ta'am iŋɛ ti voole bɔna). Ba tari la marimba buuri buuri bunaasi ti ba ŋmi'ira e boi bani puan, si yu'ura de la voole daa e boi tiŋa,  tiŋasuka voole daa, voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a. Voole daa e boi tiŋa la e tari ninkara la usega gee me le dɛna bungirega, suna ti ba tara dibesi bunwogero bii kara ŋmi'ira. Tiŋasuka voole daa e le tagelɛ si kara bii aŋa puan, sɛka e tari vo'osum bunii gana voole daa e boi tiŋa. Ka me kelum tara kua e zoni saazuo gee la dibesi kara bii wogero, amaa la kɔ'ɔm ka ba'am wɔgɛ bii karegɛ bii voole daa e boi tiŋa la. Voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a lagum tara la dibega ayima bii yiŋa ti ba tara ŋmi'ira ka. Voole daa e gani za'a nuurɛ zoni zɔ'ɔra la sugenuurɛ buyi, ti la zɔna saazuo zuna la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a bunbila bii e boi tiŋa. 

Voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a e ŋmi'iri tilum bɔba, la voole daa e gani za'a ti la ita limesego.

Voole daa e boi tiŋa latiŋasuka voole daa ŋmi'iri la zi'isi ayima la taaba, ita ti yuunɛ la vuurɛ yɛsa. Marimba yu'urɛ yese me e boi Zimbabwe sukuu duma pɔɔsin, la sukuu duma zo'e zo'e ti ba tara magesɛ wuu bani ayima.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
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|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
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== Yuunyuuneba ==

* Chartwell Dutiro
* Chiwoniso Maraire
* Chris Berry
* Cosmas Magaya
* Dumisani Maraire
* Ephat Mujuru
* Erica Azim
* Forward Kwenda
* Fabio Chivhanda
* Herbert Schwamborn
* James Chimombe
* Oliver Mtukudzi
* Stella Chiweshe
* Tendayi Gahamadze
* Hope Masike
* Thomas Mapfumo
* Jah Prayzah
* Leonard Dembo


Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ

== Le bisɛ ==

* Chimurenga
* Ngororombe
* Marimba (Zimbabwean)
* Music of Africa
* Music of Zimbabwe
* Shona language
* Shona people
* Bantu language
* Zimbabwe
* List of Zimbabwean musicians

== Digesegɔ/ Tepemeŋo ==

* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79703-2, Zimbabwe: ''The African Mbira: Music of the Shona People'' (2002). Liner notes by Robert Garfias (1971).
* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79704 Zimbabwe: ''The Soul of Mbira: Traditions of the Shona People'' (1973). &lt;small&gt;Produced by Paul Berliner&lt;/small&gt;
* Musical instruments 2: (LP) Reeds (Mbira). (1972) The Music of Africa series. 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. Recorded by Hugh Tracey. Kaleidophone, KMA 2.
* Mbira Music of Rhodesia, Performed by Abram Dumisani Maraire. (1972). Seattle: University of Washington Press, Ethnic Music Series. Garfias, R. (Ed.). 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. UWP-1001. &lt;small&gt;This disc features Maraire exclusively on Nyunga Nyunga mbira. A 12-page booklet by Maraire is included, describing the background, composition, and performance of nyunga-nyunga mbira music.&lt;/small&gt;

== Niŋa kaalegɔ ==

*
* Tracey, Andrew. (1970). How to play the mbira (dza vadzimu). Roodepoort, Transvaal, South Africa: International Library of African Music.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1961). The evolution of African music and its function in the present day. Johannesburg: Institute for the Study of Man in Africa.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1969). The Mbira class of African Instruments in Rhodesia (1932). African Music Society Journal, 4:3, 78-95.

== Yiŋa bɛɛna ==

* Zimbabwe Music Vibes Promoting Urban Culture
* ZimFest Annual Zimbabwean Music Festival in North America
* Zambuko Solomon Murungu's Shona Music Site
* Mbira.org Erica Azim's site, based in Berkeley, CA
* Dandemutande Shona Music site and mailing list

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Music of Africa
|-
!Sovereign states
|
* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
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* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
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* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
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* Sierra Leone
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* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
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* Togo
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* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
|-
!States with limited

recognition
|
* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
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|-
!Dependencies and

other territories
|
* Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain)
* Madeira (Portugal)
* Mayotte / Réunion (France)
* Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
* Western Sahara
|}
Buuri buuri:

* Music of Zimbabwe
* Shona
* Ethnomusicology</text>
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      <text bytes="8854" sha1="jvcyt89bwoimknjf47987toonuxd23y" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

== Mbire ==
Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

== Ŋmi'a ==
Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Mhande lusi*

1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego 

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*4Dinhe lusi*

1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Chokoto lusi*

(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Hosho* 

Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Daani Shona yuuma*

Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Zina*

Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba*

Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi marimba*

Shona marimbas de la yuum sɛka ti yuunɛ la tara vo'osum siyopɔi gee ti ba maalɛ ka la F#s gee ka pa'asɛ. Ba boi la diyima la marimbas basɛba  dɔla la ba bɛa/nink kara la di vua e boi bɛa/nini duma la puan (ti ba ta'am iŋɛ ti voole bɔna). Ba tari la marimba buuri buuri bunaasi ti ba ŋmi'ira e boi bani puan, si yu'ura de la voole daa e boi tiŋa,  tiŋasuka voole daa, voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a. Voole daa e boi tiŋa la e tari ninkara la usega gee me le dɛna bungirega, suna ti ba tara dibesi bunwogero bii kara ŋmi'ira. Tiŋasuka voole daa e le tagelɛ si kara bii aŋa puan, sɛka e tari vo'osum bunii gana voole daa e boi tiŋa. Ka me kelum tara kua e zoni saazuo gee la dibesi kara bii wogero, amaa la kɔ'ɔm ka ba'am wɔgɛ bii karegɛ bii voole daa e boi tiŋa la. Voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a lagum tara la dibega ayima bii yiŋa ti ba tara ŋmi'ira ka. Voole daa e gani za'a nuurɛ zoni zɔ'ɔra la sugenuurɛ buyi, ti la zɔna saazuo zuna la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a bunbila bii e boi tiŋa. 

Voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a e ŋmi'iri tilum bɔba, la voole daa e gani za'a ti la ita limesego.

Voole daa e boi tiŋa latiŋasuka voole daa ŋmi'iri la zi'isi ayima la taaba, ita ti yuunɛ la vuurɛ yɛsa. Marimba yu'urɛ yese me e boi Zimbabwe sukuu duma pɔɔsin, la sukuu duma zo'e zo'e ti ba tara magesɛ wuu bani ayima.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}

== Yuunyuuneba ==

* Chartwell Dutiro
* Chiwoniso Maraire
* Chris Berry
* Cosmas Magaya
* Dumisani Maraire
* Ephat Mujuru
* Erica Azim
* Forward Kwenda
* Fabio Chivhanda
* Herbert Schwamborn
* James Chimombe
* Oliver Mtukudzi
* Stella Chiweshe
* Tendayi Gahamadze
* Hope Masike
* Thomas Mapfumo
* Jah Prayzah
* Leonard Dembo


Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ

== Le bisɛ ==

* Chimurenga
* Ngororombe
* Marimba (Zimbabwean)
* Music of Africa
* Music of Zimbabwe
* Shona language
* Shona people
* Bantu language
* Zimbabwe
* List of Zimbabwean musicians

== Digesegɔ/ Tepemeŋo ==

* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79703-2, Zimbabwe: ''The African Mbira: Music of the Shona People'' (2002). Liner notes by Robert Garfias (1971).
* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79704 Zimbabwe: ''The Soul of Mbira: Traditions of the Shona People'' (1973). &lt;small&gt;Produced by Paul Berliner&lt;/small&gt;
* Musical instruments 2: (LP) Reeds (Mbira). (1972) The Music of Africa series. 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. Recorded by Hugh Tracey. Kaleidophone, KMA 2.
* Mbira Music of Rhodesia, Performed by Abram Dumisani Maraire. (1972). Seattle: University of Washington Press, Ethnic Music Series. Garfias, R. (Ed.). 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. UWP-1001. &lt;small&gt;This disc features Maraire exclusively on Nyunga Nyunga mbira. A 12-page booklet by Maraire is included, describing the background, composition, and performance of nyunga-nyunga mbira music.&lt;/small&gt;

== Niŋa kaalegɔ ==

*
* Tracey, Andrew. (1970). How to play the mbira (dza vadzimu). Roodepoort, Transvaal, South Africa: International Library of African Music.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1961). The evolution of African music and its function in the present day. Johannesburg: Institute for the Study of Man in Africa.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1969). The Mbira class of African Instruments in Rhodesia (1932). African Music Society Journal, 4:3, 78-95.

== Yiŋa bɛɛna ==

* Zimbabwe Music Vibes Promoting Urban Culture
* ZimFest Annual Zimbabwean Music Festival in North America
* Zambuko Solomon Murungu's Shona Music Site
* Mbira.org Erica Azim's site, based in Berkeley, CA
* Dandemutande Shona Music site and mailing list

{| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* &lt;abbr&gt;v&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;t&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;e&lt;/abbr&gt;

Music of Africa
|-
!Sovereign states
|
* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
|-
!States with limited

recognition
|
* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland
|-
!Dependencies and

other territories
|
* Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain)
* Madeira (Portugal)
* Mayotte / Réunion (France)
* Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
* Western Sahara
|}
Buuri buuri:

* Music of Zimbabwe
* Shona
* Ethnomusicology</text>
      <sha1>jvcyt89bwoimknjf47987toonuxd23y</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>23046</id>
      <parentid>23045</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-09T21:58:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akolpoka</username>
        <id>244</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created headings</comment>
      <origin>23046</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8874" sha1="60d71sebeqkv08l39wlk8yocoswvqi5" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

== Mbire ==
Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

== Ŋmi'a ==
Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

=== *Mhande lusi* ===
&lt;nowiki/&gt;
1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego 

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 

====  *4Dinhe lusi* ====
1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

===== *Chokoto lusi* =====
&lt;nowiki/&gt;
(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Hosho* 

Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Daani Shona yuuma*

Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Zina*

Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba*

Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi marimba*

Shona marimbas de la yuum sɛka ti yuunɛ la tara vo'osum siyopɔi gee ti ba maalɛ ka la F#s gee ka pa'asɛ. Ba boi la diyima la marimbas basɛba  dɔla la ba bɛa/nink kara la di vua e boi bɛa/nini duma la puan (ti ba ta'am iŋɛ ti voole bɔna). Ba tari la marimba buuri buuri bunaasi ti ba ŋmi'ira e boi bani puan, si yu'ura de la voole daa e boi tiŋa,  tiŋasuka voole daa, voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a. Voole daa e boi tiŋa la e tari ninkara la usega gee me le dɛna bungirega, suna ti ba tara dibesi bunwogero bii kara ŋmi'ira. Tiŋasuka voole daa e le tagelɛ si kara bii aŋa puan, sɛka e tari vo'osum bunii gana voole daa e boi tiŋa. Ka me kelum tara kua e zoni saazuo gee la dibesi kara bii wogero, amaa la kɔ'ɔm ka ba'am wɔgɛ bii karegɛ bii voole daa e boi tiŋa la. Voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a lagum tara la dibega ayima bii yiŋa ti ba tara ŋmi'ira ka. Voole daa e gani za'a nuurɛ zoni zɔ'ɔra la sugenuurɛ buyi, ti la zɔna saazuo zuna la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a bunbila bii e boi tiŋa. 

Voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a e ŋmi'iri tilum bɔba, la voole daa e gani za'a ti la ita limesego.

Voole daa e boi tiŋa latiŋasuka voole daa ŋmi'iri la zi'isi ayima la taaba, ita ti yuunɛ la vuurɛ yɛsa. Marimba yu'urɛ yese me e boi Zimbabwe sukuu duma pɔɔsin, la sukuu duma zo'e zo'e ti ba tara magesɛ wuu bani ayima.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}

== Yuunyuuneba ==

* Chartwell Dutiro
* Chiwoniso Maraire
* Chris Berry
* Cosmas Magaya
* Dumisani Maraire
* Ephat Mujuru
* Erica Azim
* Forward Kwenda
* Fabio Chivhanda
* Herbert Schwamborn
* James Chimombe
* Oliver Mtukudzi
* Stella Chiweshe
* Tendayi Gahamadze
* Hope Masike
* Thomas Mapfumo
* Jah Prayzah
* Leonard Dembo


Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ

== Le bisɛ ==

* Chimurenga
* Ngororombe
* Marimba (Zimbabwean)
* Music of Africa
* Music of Zimbabwe
* Shona language
* Shona people
* Bantu language
* Zimbabwe
* List of Zimbabwean musicians

== Digesegɔ/ Tepemeŋo ==

* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79703-2, Zimbabwe: ''The African Mbira: Music of the Shona People'' (2002). Liner notes by Robert Garfias (1971).
* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79704 Zimbabwe: ''The Soul of Mbira: Traditions of the Shona People'' (1973). &lt;small&gt;Produced by Paul Berliner&lt;/small&gt;
* Musical instruments 2: (LP) Reeds (Mbira). (1972) The Music of Africa series. 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. Recorded by Hugh Tracey. Kaleidophone, KMA 2.
* Mbira Music of Rhodesia, Performed by Abram Dumisani Maraire. (1972). Seattle: University of Washington Press, Ethnic Music Series. Garfias, R. (Ed.). 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. UWP-1001. &lt;small&gt;This disc features Maraire exclusively on Nyunga Nyunga mbira. A 12-page booklet by Maraire is included, describing the background, composition, and performance of nyunga-nyunga mbira music.&lt;/small&gt;

== Niŋa kaalegɔ ==

*
* Tracey, Andrew. (1970). How to play the mbira (dza vadzimu). Roodepoort, Transvaal, South Africa: International Library of African Music.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1961). The evolution of African music and its function in the present day. Johannesburg: Institute for the Study of Man in Africa.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1969). The Mbira class of African Instruments in Rhodesia (1932). African Music Society Journal, 4:3, 78-95.

== Yiŋa bɛɛna ==

* Zimbabwe Music Vibes Promoting Urban Culture
* ZimFest Annual Zimbabwean Music Festival in North America
* Zambuko Solomon Murungu's Shona Music Site
* Mbira.org Erica Azim's site, based in Berkeley, CA
* Dandemutande Shona Music site and mailing list

{| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* &lt;abbr&gt;v&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;t&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;e&lt;/abbr&gt;

Music of Africa
|-
!Sovereign states
|
* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
|-
!States with limited

recognition
|
* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland
|-
!Dependencies and

other territories
|
* Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain)
* Madeira (Portugal)
* Mayotte / Réunion (France)
* Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
* Western Sahara
|}
Buuri buuri:

* Music of Zimbabwe
* Shona
* Ethnomusicology</text>
      <sha1>60d71sebeqkv08l39wlk8yocoswvqi5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>23047</id>
      <parentid>23046</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-09T21:59:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akolpoka</username>
        <id>244</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Demesego</comment>
      <origin>23047</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8848" sha1="rfpglkpic185ymmpbtsszyieqmpo5lc" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

== Mbire ==
Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

== Ŋmi'a ==
Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

=== Mhande lusi ===
&lt;nowiki/&gt;
1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 

==== 4Dinhe lusi ====
1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

===== Chokoto lusi =====
&lt;nowiki/&gt;
(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


Hosho 

Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Daani Shona yuuma*

Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.


&lt;nowiki/&gt;*Zina*

Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba*

Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}


&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Shona yuuma e boi marimba*

Shona marimbas de la yuum sɛka ti yuunɛ la tara vo'osum siyopɔi gee ti ba maalɛ ka la F#s gee ka pa'asɛ. Ba boi la diyima la marimbas basɛba  dɔla la ba bɛa/nink kara la di vua e boi bɛa/nini duma la puan (ti ba ta'am iŋɛ ti voole bɔna). Ba tari la marimba buuri buuri bunaasi ti ba ŋmi'ira e boi bani puan, si yu'ura de la voole daa e boi tiŋa,  tiŋasuka voole daa, voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a. Voole daa e boi tiŋa la e tari ninkara la usega gee me le dɛna bungirega, suna ti ba tara dibesi bunwogero bii kara ŋmi'ira. Tiŋasuka voole daa e le tagelɛ si kara bii aŋa puan, sɛka e tari vo'osum bunii gana voole daa e boi tiŋa. Ka me kelum tara kua e zoni saazuo gee la dibesi kara bii wogero, amaa la kɔ'ɔm ka ba'am wɔgɛ bii karegɛ bii voole daa e boi tiŋa la. Voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a lagum tara la dibega ayima bii yiŋa ti ba tara ŋmi'ira ka. Voole daa e gani za'a nuurɛ zoni zɔ'ɔra la sugenuurɛ buyi, ti la zɔna saazuo zuna la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a bunbila bii e boi tiŋa. 

Voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a e ŋmi'iri tilum bɔba, la voole daa e gani za'a ti la ita limesego.

Voole daa e boi tiŋa latiŋasuka voole daa ŋmi'iri la zi'isi ayima la taaba, ita ti yuunɛ la vuurɛ yɛsa. Marimba yu'urɛ yese me e boi Zimbabwe sukuu duma pɔɔsin, la sukuu duma zo'e zo'e ti ba tara magesɛ wuu bani ayima.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}

== Yuunyuuneba ==

* Chartwell Dutiro
* Chiwoniso Maraire
* Chris Berry
* Cosmas Magaya
* Dumisani Maraire
* Ephat Mujuru
* Erica Azim
* Forward Kwenda
* Fabio Chivhanda
* Herbert Schwamborn
* James Chimombe
* Oliver Mtukudzi
* Stella Chiweshe
* Tendayi Gahamadze
* Hope Masike
* Thomas Mapfumo
* Jah Prayzah
* Leonard Dembo


Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ

== Le bisɛ ==

* Chimurenga
* Ngororombe
* Marimba (Zimbabwean)
* Music of Africa
* Music of Zimbabwe
* Shona language
* Shona people
* Bantu language
* Zimbabwe
* List of Zimbabwean musicians

== Digesegɔ/ Tepemeŋo ==

* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79703-2, Zimbabwe: ''The African Mbira: Music of the Shona People'' (2002). Liner notes by Robert Garfias (1971).
* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79704 Zimbabwe: ''The Soul of Mbira: Traditions of the Shona People'' (1973). &lt;small&gt;Produced by Paul Berliner&lt;/small&gt;
* Musical instruments 2: (LP) Reeds (Mbira). (1972) The Music of Africa series. 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. Recorded by Hugh Tracey. Kaleidophone, KMA 2.
* Mbira Music of Rhodesia, Performed by Abram Dumisani Maraire. (1972). Seattle: University of Washington Press, Ethnic Music Series. Garfias, R. (Ed.). 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. UWP-1001. &lt;small&gt;This disc features Maraire exclusively on Nyunga Nyunga mbira. A 12-page booklet by Maraire is included, describing the background, composition, and performance of nyunga-nyunga mbira music.&lt;/small&gt;

== Niŋa kaalegɔ ==

*
* Tracey, Andrew. (1970). How to play the mbira (dza vadzimu). Roodepoort, Transvaal, South Africa: International Library of African Music.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1961). The evolution of African music and its function in the present day. Johannesburg: Institute for the Study of Man in Africa.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1969). The Mbira class of African Instruments in Rhodesia (1932). African Music Society Journal, 4:3, 78-95.

== Yiŋa bɛɛna ==

* Zimbabwe Music Vibes Promoting Urban Culture
* ZimFest Annual Zimbabwean Music Festival in North America
* Zambuko Solomon Murungu's Shona Music Site
* Mbira.org Erica Azim's site, based in Berkeley, CA
* Dandemutande Shona Music site and mailing list

{| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* &lt;abbr&gt;v&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;t&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;e&lt;/abbr&gt;

Music of Africa
|-
!Sovereign states
|
* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
|-
!States with limited

recognition
|
* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland
|-
!Dependencies and

other territories
|
* Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain)
* Madeira (Portugal)
* Mayotte / Réunion (France)
* Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
* Western Sahara
|}
Buuri buuri:

* Music of Zimbabwe
* Shona
* Ethnomusicology</text>
      <sha1>rfpglkpic185ymmpbtsszyieqmpo5lc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>23048</id>
      <parentid>23047</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-09T22:03:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akolpoka</username>
        <id>244</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created headings</comment>
      <origin>23048</origin>
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      <text bytes="8811" sha1="i1w5lsl4xg1v0o8c8opcqrxfa1868fi" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

== Mbire ==
Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

== Ŋmi'a ==
Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

=== Mhande lusi ===
&lt;nowiki/&gt;
1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 

==== 4Dinhe lusi ====
1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

===== Chokoto lusi =====
&lt;nowiki/&gt;
(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


== Hosho ==
Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]

==  Daani Shona yuuma ==
Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.

==  Zina ==
Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

== Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba ==
Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}


== Shona yuuma e boi marimba ==
Shona marimbas de la yuum sɛka ti yuunɛ la tara vo'osum siyopɔi gee ti ba maalɛ ka la F#s gee ka pa'asɛ. Ba boi la diyima la marimbas basɛba  dɔla la ba bɛa/nink kara la di vua e boi bɛa/nini duma la puan (ti ba ta'am iŋɛ ti voole bɔna). Ba tari la marimba buuri buuri bunaasi ti ba ŋmi'ira e boi bani puan, si yu'ura de la voole daa e boi tiŋa,  tiŋasuka voole daa, voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a. Voole daa e boi tiŋa la e tari ninkara la usega gee me le dɛna bungirega, suna ti ba tara dibesi bunwogero bii kara ŋmi'ira. Tiŋasuka voole daa e le tagelɛ si kara bii aŋa puan, sɛka e tari vo'osum bunii gana voole daa e boi tiŋa. Ka me kelum tara kua e zoni saazuo gee la dibesi kara bii wogero, amaa la kɔ'ɔm ka ba'am wɔgɛ bii karegɛ bii voole daa e boi tiŋa la. Voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a lagum tara la dibega ayima bii yiŋa ti ba tara ŋmi'ira ka. Voole daa e gani za'a nuurɛ zoni zɔ'ɔra la sugenuurɛ buyi, ti la zɔna saazuo zuna la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a bunbila bii e boi tiŋa. 

Voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a e ŋmi'iri tilum bɔba, la voole daa e gani za'a ti la ita limesego.

Voole daa e boi tiŋa latiŋasuka voole daa ŋmi'iri la zi'isi ayima la taaba, ita ti yuunɛ la vuurɛ yɛsa. Marimba yu'urɛ yese me e boi Zimbabwe sukuu duma pɔɔsin, la sukuu duma zo'e zo'e ti ba tara magesɛ wuu bani ayima.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}

== Yuunyuuneba ==
* Chartwell Dutiro
* Chiwoniso Maraire
* Chris Berry
* Cosmas Magaya
* Dumisani Maraire
* Ephat Mujuru
* Erica Azim
* Forward Kwenda
* Fabio Chivhanda
* Herbert Schwamborn
* James Chimombe
* Oliver Mtukudzi
* Stella Chiweshe
* Tendayi Gahamadze
* Hope Masike
* Thomas Mapfumo
* Jah Prayzah
* Leonard Dembo


Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ

== Le bisɛ ==

* Chimurenga
* Ngororombe
* Marimba (Zimbabwean)
* Music of Africa
* Music of Zimbabwe
* Shona language
* Shona people
* Bantu language
* Zimbabwe
* List of Zimbabwean musicians

== Digesegɔ/ Tepemeŋo ==

* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79703-2, Zimbabwe: ''The African Mbira: Music of the Shona People'' (2002). Liner notes by Robert Garfias (1971).
* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79704 Zimbabwe: ''The Soul of Mbira: Traditions of the Shona People'' (1973). &lt;small&gt;Produced by Paul Berliner&lt;/small&gt;
* Musical instruments 2: (LP) Reeds (Mbira). (1972) The Music of Africa series. 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. Recorded by Hugh Tracey. Kaleidophone, KMA 2.
* Mbira Music of Rhodesia, Performed by Abram Dumisani Maraire. (1972). Seattle: University of Washington Press, Ethnic Music Series. Garfias, R. (Ed.). 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. UWP-1001. &lt;small&gt;This disc features Maraire exclusively on Nyunga Nyunga mbira. A 12-page booklet by Maraire is included, describing the background, composition, and performance of nyunga-nyunga mbira music.&lt;/small&gt;

== Niŋa kaalegɔ ==

*
* Tracey, Andrew. (1970). How to play the mbira (dza vadzimu). Roodepoort, Transvaal, South Africa: International Library of African Music.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1961). The evolution of African music and its function in the present day. Johannesburg: Institute for the Study of Man in Africa.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1969). The Mbira class of African Instruments in Rhodesia (1932). African Music Society Journal, 4:3, 78-95.

== Yiŋa bɛɛna ==

* Zimbabwe Music Vibes Promoting Urban Culture
* ZimFest Annual Zimbabwean Music Festival in North America
* Zambuko Solomon Murungu's Shona Music Site
* Mbira.org Erica Azim's site, based in Berkeley, CA
* Dandemutande Shona Music site and mailing list

{| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* &lt;abbr&gt;v&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;t&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;e&lt;/abbr&gt;

Music of Africa
|-
!Sovereign states
|
* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
|-
!States with limited

recognition
|
* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland
|-
!Dependencies and

other territories
|
* Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain)
* Madeira (Portugal)
* Mayotte / Réunion (France)
* Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
* Western Sahara
|}
Buuri buuri:

* Music of Zimbabwe
* Shona
* Ethnomusicology</text>
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      <id>23049</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-09T22:09:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akolpoka</username>
        <id>244</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added categories</comment>
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      <text bytes="8785" sha1="gaxqyszwdb5wvfdfs2bgn0lo5y6ojrq" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

== Mbire ==
Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

== Ŋmi'a ==
Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

=== Mhande lusi ===
&lt;nowiki/&gt;
1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 

==== 4Dinhe lusi ====
1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

===== Chokoto lusi =====
&lt;nowiki/&gt;
(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


== Hosho ==
Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]

==  Daani Shona yuuma ==
Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.

==  Zina ==
Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

== Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba ==
Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}


== Shona yuuma e boi marimba ==
Shona marimbas de la yuum sɛka ti yuunɛ la tara vo'osum siyopɔi gee ti ba maalɛ ka la F#s gee ka pa'asɛ. Ba boi la diyima la marimbas basɛba  dɔla la ba bɛa/nink kara la di vua e boi bɛa/nini duma la puan (ti ba ta'am iŋɛ ti voole bɔna). Ba tari la marimba buuri buuri bunaasi ti ba ŋmi'ira e boi bani puan, si yu'ura de la voole daa e boi tiŋa,  tiŋasuka voole daa, voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a. Voole daa e boi tiŋa la e tari ninkara la usega gee me le dɛna bungirega, suna ti ba tara dibesi bunwogero bii kara ŋmi'ira. Tiŋasuka voole daa e le tagelɛ si kara bii aŋa puan, sɛka e tari vo'osum bunii gana voole daa e boi tiŋa. Ka me kelum tara kua e zoni saazuo gee la dibesi kara bii wogero, amaa la kɔ'ɔm ka ba'am wɔgɛ bii karegɛ bii voole daa e boi tiŋa la. Voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a lagum tara la dibega ayima bii yiŋa ti ba tara ŋmi'ira ka. Voole daa e gani za'a nuurɛ zoni zɔ'ɔra la sugenuurɛ buyi, ti la zɔna saazuo zuna la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a bunbila bii e boi tiŋa. 

Voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a e ŋmi'iri tilum bɔba, la voole daa e gani za'a ti la ita limesego.

Voole daa e boi tiŋa latiŋasuka voole daa ŋmi'iri la zi'isi ayima la taaba, ita ti yuunɛ la vuurɛ yɛsa. Marimba yu'urɛ yese me e boi Zimbabwe sukuu duma pɔɔsin, la sukuu duma zo'e zo'e ti ba tara magesɛ wuu bani ayima.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}

== Yuunyuuneba ==
* Chartwell Dutiro
* Chiwoniso Maraire
* Chris Berry
* Cosmas Magaya
* Dumisani Maraire
* Ephat Mujuru
* Erica Azim
* Forward Kwenda
* Fabio Chivhanda
* Herbert Schwamborn
* James Chimombe
* Oliver Mtukudzi
* Stella Chiweshe
* Tendayi Gahamadze
* Hope Masike
* Thomas Mapfumo
* Jah Prayzah
* Leonard Dembo


Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ

== Le bisɛ ==

* Chimurenga
* Ngororombe
* Marimba (Zimbabwean)
* Music of Africa
* Music of Zimbabwe
* Shona language
* Shona people
* Bantu language
* Zimbabwe
* List of Zimbabwean musicians

== Digesegɔ/ Tepemeŋo ==

* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79703-2, Zimbabwe: ''The African Mbira: Music of the Shona People'' (2002). Liner notes by Robert Garfias (1971).
* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79704 Zimbabwe: ''The Soul of Mbira: Traditions of the Shona People'' (1973). &lt;small&gt;Produced by Paul Berliner&lt;/small&gt;
* Musical instruments 2: (LP) Reeds (Mbira). (1972) The Music of Africa series. 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. Recorded by Hugh Tracey. Kaleidophone, KMA 2.
* Mbira Music of Rhodesia, Performed by Abram Dumisani Maraire. (1972). Seattle: University of Washington Press, Ethnic Music Series. Garfias, R. (Ed.). 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. UWP-1001. &lt;small&gt;This disc features Maraire exclusively on Nyunga Nyunga mbira. A 12-page booklet by Maraire is included, describing the background, composition, and performance of nyunga-nyunga mbira music.&lt;/small&gt;

== Niŋa kaalegɔ ==

*
* Tracey, Andrew. (1970). How to play the mbira (dza vadzimu). Roodepoort, Transvaal, South Africa: International Library of African Music.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1961). The evolution of African music and its function in the present day. Johannesburg: Institute for the Study of Man in Africa.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1969). The Mbira class of African Instruments in Rhodesia (1932). African Music Society Journal, 4:3, 78-95.

== Yiŋa bɛɛna ==

* Zimbabwe Music Vibes Promoting Urban Culture
* ZimFest Annual Zimbabwean Music Festival in North America
* Zambuko Solomon Murungu's Shona Music Site
* Mbira.org Erica Azim's site, based in Berkeley, CA
* Dandemutande Shona Music site and mailing list

{| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* &lt;abbr&gt;v&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;t&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;e&lt;/abbr&gt;

Music of Africa
|-
!Sovereign states
|
* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
|-
!States with limited

recognition
|
* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland
|-
!Dependencies and

other territories
|
* Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain)
* Madeira (Portugal)
* Mayotte / Réunion (France)
* Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
* Western Sahara
|}
[[Buuri buuri: AfroCuration2026]]</text>
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      <id>23050</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-09T23:13:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>244</id>
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      <comment>Demesego</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="8785" sha1="lh4p4p6iuukcbrksorwmgu533tyii9m" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

== Mbire ==
Mbira la de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

== Ŋmi'a ==
Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

=== Mhande lusi ===
&lt;nowiki/&gt;
1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 

==== 4Dinhe lusi ====
1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

===== Chokoto lusi =====
&lt;nowiki/&gt;
(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


== Hosho ==
Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]

==  Daami Shona yuuma ==
Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.

==  Zina ==
Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

== Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba ==
Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}


== Shona yuuma e boi marimba ==
Shona marimbas de la yuum sɛka ti yuunɛ la tara vo'osum siyopɔi gee ti ba maalɛ ka la F#s gee ka pa'asɛ. Ba boi la diyima la marimbas basɛba  dɔla la ba bɛa/nink kara la di vua e boi bɛa/nini duma la puan (ti ba ta'am iŋɛ ti voole bɔna). Ba tari la marimba buuri buuri bunaasi ti ba ŋmi'ira e boi bani puan, si yu'ura de la voole daa e boi tiŋa,  tiŋasuka voole daa, voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a. Voole daa e boi tiŋa la e tari ninkara la usega gee me le dɛna bungirega, suna ti ba tara dibesi bunwogero bii kara ŋmi'ira. Tiŋasuka voole daa e le tagelɛ si kara bii aŋa puan, sɛka e tari vo'osum bunii gana voole daa e boi tiŋa. Ka me kelum tara kua e zoni saazuo gee la dibesi kara bii wogero, amaa la kɔ'ɔm ka ba'am wɔgɛ bii karegɛ bii voole daa e boi tiŋa la. Voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a lagum tara la dibega ayima bii yiŋa ti ba tara ŋmi'ira ka. Voole daa e gani za'a nuurɛ zoni zɔ'ɔra la sugenuurɛ buyi, ti la zɔna saazuo zuna la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a bunbila bii e boi tiŋa. 

Voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a e ŋmi'iri tilum bɔba, la voole daa e gani za'a ti la ita limesego.

Voole daa e boi tiŋa latiŋasuka voole daa ŋmi'iri la zi'isi ayima la taaba, ita ti yuunɛ la vuurɛ yɛsa. Marimba yu'urɛ yese me e boi Zimbabwe sukuu duma pɔɔsin, la sukuu duma zo'e zo'e ti ba tara magesɛ wuu bani ayima.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}

== Yuunyuuneba ==
* Chartwell Dutiro
* Chiwoniso Maraire
* Chris Berry
* Cosmas Magaya
* Dumisani Maraire
* Ephat Mujuru
* Erica Azim
* Forward Kwenda
* Fabio Chivhanda
* Herbert Schwamborn
* James Chimombe
* Oliver Mtukudzi
* Stella Chiweshe
* Tendayi Gahamadze
* Hope Masike
* Thomas Mapfumo
* Jah Prayzah
* Leonard Dembo


Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ

== Le bisɛ ==

* Chimurenga
* Ngororombe
* Marimba (Zimbabwean)
* Music of Africa
* Music of Zimbabwe
* Shona language
* Shona people
* Bantu language
* Zimbabwe
* List of Zimbabwean musicians

== Digesegɔ/ Tepemeŋo ==

* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79703-2, Zimbabwe: ''The African Mbira: Music of the Shona People'' (2002). Liner notes by Robert Garfias (1971).
* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79704 Zimbabwe: ''The Soul of Mbira: Traditions of the Shona People'' (1973). &lt;small&gt;Produced by Paul Berliner&lt;/small&gt;
* Musical instruments 2: (LP) Reeds (Mbira). (1972) The Music of Africa series. 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. Recorded by Hugh Tracey. Kaleidophone, KMA 2.
* Mbira Music of Rhodesia, Performed by Abram Dumisani Maraire. (1972). Seattle: University of Washington Press, Ethnic Music Series. Garfias, R. (Ed.). 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. UWP-1001. &lt;small&gt;This disc features Maraire exclusively on Nyunga Nyunga mbira. A 12-page booklet by Maraire is included, describing the background, composition, and performance of nyunga-nyunga mbira music.&lt;/small&gt;

== Niŋa kaalegɔ ==

*
* Tracey, Andrew. (1970). How to play the mbira (dza vadzimu). Roodepoort, Transvaal, South Africa: International Library of African Music.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1961). The evolution of African music and its function in the present day. Johannesburg: Institute for the Study of Man in Africa.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1969). The Mbira class of African Instruments in Rhodesia (1932). African Music Society Journal, 4:3, 78-95.

== Yiŋa bɛɛna ==

* Zimbabwe Music Vibes Promoting Urban Culture
* ZimFest Annual Zimbabwean Music Festival in North America
* Zambuko Solomon Murungu's Shona Music Site
* Mbira.org Erica Azim's site, based in Berkeley, CA
* Dandemutande Shona Music site and mailing list

{| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* &lt;abbr&gt;v&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;t&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;e&lt;/abbr&gt;

Music of Africa
|-
!Sovereign states
|
* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
|-
!States with limited

recognition
|
* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland
|-
!Dependencies and

other territories
|
* Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain)
* Madeira (Portugal)
* Mayotte / Réunion (France)
* Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
* Western Sahara
|}
[[Buuri buuri: AfroCuration2026]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-09T23:19:26Z</timestamp>
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        <id>244</id>
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      <comment>Demesego</comment>
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      <text bytes="8815" sha1="jan3rruw2f9lgqy0peo91fr3fqkxlxc" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

== Mbira ==
Yelezure lɔkɔ: Mbira

'''Mbira la''' de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

== Ŋmi'a ==
Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

=== Mhande lusi ===
&lt;nowiki/&gt;
1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 

==== 4Dinhe lusi ====
1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

===== Chokoto lusi =====
&lt;nowiki/&gt;
(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


== Hosho ==
Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]

==  Daami Shona yuuma ==
Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.

==  Zina ==
Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

== Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba ==
Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}


== Shona yuuma e boi marimba ==
Shona marimbas de la yuum sɛka ti yuunɛ la tara vo'osum siyopɔi gee ti ba maalɛ ka la F#s gee ka pa'asɛ. Ba boi la diyima la marimbas basɛba  dɔla la ba bɛa/nink kara la di vua e boi bɛa/nini duma la puan (ti ba ta'am iŋɛ ti voole bɔna). Ba tari la marimba buuri buuri bunaasi ti ba ŋmi'ira e boi bani puan, si yu'ura de la voole daa e boi tiŋa,  tiŋasuka voole daa, voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a. Voole daa e boi tiŋa la e tari ninkara la usega gee me le dɛna bungirega, suna ti ba tara dibesi bunwogero bii kara ŋmi'ira. Tiŋasuka voole daa e le tagelɛ si kara bii aŋa puan, sɛka e tari vo'osum bunii gana voole daa e boi tiŋa. Ka me kelum tara kua e zoni saazuo gee la dibesi kara bii wogero, amaa la kɔ'ɔm ka ba'am wɔgɛ bii karegɛ bii voole daa e boi tiŋa la. Voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a lagum tara la dibega ayima bii yiŋa ti ba tara ŋmi'ira ka. Voole daa e gani za'a nuurɛ zoni zɔ'ɔra la sugenuurɛ buyi, ti la zɔna saazuo zuna la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a bunbila bii e boi tiŋa. 

Voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a e ŋmi'iri tilum bɔba, la voole daa e gani za'a ti la ita limesego.

Voole daa e boi tiŋa latiŋasuka voole daa ŋmi'iri la zi'isi ayima la taaba, ita ti yuunɛ la vuurɛ yɛsa. Marimba yu'urɛ yese me e boi Zimbabwe sukuu duma pɔɔsin, la sukuu duma zo'e zo'e ti ba tara magesɛ wuu bani ayima.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}

== Yuunyuuneba ==
* Chartwell Dutiro
* Chiwoniso Maraire
* Chris Berry
* Cosmas Magaya
* Dumisani Maraire
* Ephat Mujuru
* Erica Azim
* Forward Kwenda
* Fabio Chivhanda
* Herbert Schwamborn
* James Chimombe
* Oliver Mtukudzi
* Stella Chiweshe
* Tendayi Gahamadze
* Hope Masike
* Thomas Mapfumo
* Jah Prayzah
* Leonard Dembo


Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ

== Le bisɛ ==

* Chimurenga
* Ngororombe
* Marimba (Zimbabwean)
* Music of Africa
* Music of Zimbabwe
* Shona language
* Shona people
* Bantu language
* Zimbabwe
* List of Zimbabwean musicians

== Digesegɔ/ Tepemeŋo ==

* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79703-2, Zimbabwe: ''The African Mbira: Music of the Shona People'' (2002). Liner notes by Robert Garfias (1971).
* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79704 Zimbabwe: ''The Soul of Mbira: Traditions of the Shona People'' (1973). &lt;small&gt;Produced by Paul Berliner&lt;/small&gt;
* Musical instruments 2: (LP) Reeds (Mbira). (1972) The Music of Africa series. 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. Recorded by Hugh Tracey. Kaleidophone, KMA 2.
* Mbira Music of Rhodesia, Performed by Abram Dumisani Maraire. (1972). Seattle: University of Washington Press, Ethnic Music Series. Garfias, R. (Ed.). 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. UWP-1001. &lt;small&gt;This disc features Maraire exclusively on Nyunga Nyunga mbira. A 12-page booklet by Maraire is included, describing the background, composition, and performance of nyunga-nyunga mbira music.&lt;/small&gt;

== Niŋa kaalegɔ ==

*
* Tracey, Andrew. (1970). How to play the mbira (dza vadzimu). Roodepoort, Transvaal, South Africa: International Library of African Music.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1961). The evolution of African music and its function in the present day. Johannesburg: Institute for the Study of Man in Africa.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1969). The Mbira class of African Instruments in Rhodesia (1932). African Music Society Journal, 4:3, 78-95.

== Yiŋa bɛɛna ==

* Zimbabwe Music Vibes Promoting Urban Culture
* ZimFest Annual Zimbabwean Music Festival in North America
* Zambuko Solomon Murungu's Shona Music Site
* Mbira.org Erica Azim's site, based in Berkeley, CA
* Dandemutande Shona Music site and mailing list

{| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* &lt;abbr&gt;v&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;t&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;e&lt;/abbr&gt;

Music of Africa
|-
!Sovereign states
|
* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
|-
!States with limited

recognition
|
* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland
|-
!Dependencies and

other territories
|
* Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain)
* Madeira (Portugal)
* Mayotte / Réunion (France)
* Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
* Western Sahara
|}
[[Buuri buuri: AfroCuration2026]]</text>
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      <id>23052</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-09T23:20:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Akolpoka</username>
        <id>244</id>
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      <text bytes="8821" sha1="3ipoi4zk72o7p75qia7v9mr0jufvq64" xml:space="preserve">Shona yuuma de la yuuma e de Shona nɛreba yuuma e boi Zimbabwe. Shona yuuma de la buuri la saŋa kayima yuuma kumesegɔ e boi Shona nɛreba e boi Zimbabwe, tiŋa la tinkatɛ kayima. Ka kɔ'ɔm lu' me kankaŋi la sɛɛsi puan yɛla, yɛa puan vom yɛla, la sɔlema soleŋo. Ba tari la Shona yuuma buuri zo'e zo'e ta pa'asɛ la mbira, yuuma, hosho la lusi ŋmi'a. Saŋa woo, yuum aŋa wa wan ta lagum me la wa'a, gee ti nɛreba zi'a bisera. Saŋa woo bana bayi' wa lagum pa'asɛ mɛ e boi yuuma-itegɔ puan gee ti bayi' la  me kelum tara nimmu'urɛ/ tuulum e boi Shona yimpu'usegɔ tuuma puan.{}

== Mbira ==
Yelezure lɔkɔ: Mbira

'''Mbira la''' de la buuri  malema e boi Shona nɛreba zi'an ti zo'e zo'e ti ba ni tara dɛ'ɛna e boi ba buuri malema de'eno puan. Kaŋa e kɔ'ɔm dɛna Shona buuri lɔgevore. Ba kɔ'ɔm tara la mbira lɔgerɔ yima yima buuri buuri ta pa'asɛ la mbira dzavadzimu la mbira nyunga nyunga.

Mbira dzavadzimu Shona yuuma la de la sɛka ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka suŋa suŋa ti ka ze'ele bo mbira (&quot;thumb pina&quot;) de'eŋo. Mina e tari/ e ŋmi'iri &quot;kushaura&quot; (ni gura mbira bɔba kayima) zo'e zo'e ni ita mɛ le yɛ'ɛsa dɛna bii niŋa daana e limesego, ni loe/gaŋɛ yuumsɛka ti ba mina bii mbira e naɛ/doli taaba ti ka dɔla la welesego yelesum duma la, ka ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelebire bii bɛɛna fii ti ba gulesɛ sɛka ti ba nyaa yuuna dɔla la ba e iŋɛ sɛla la. Mina e ni tara bii e ŋmi'iri &quot;kutsinira&quot; ( mbira Buyi bɔberɛ) ŋmi'ira ti la dɔla la &quot;kushaura&quot; iŋɛ se'em e wan ta'am maalɛ gulesegɔ  tulese/ tagesɛ ti ka ta'am ana bii baŋɛ ti la de la mbira yuuma. &quot;kutsinira&quot; la bɔberɛ la saŋa kasɛka ni dɛna la buyina bii &quot;kushaura&quot;, gee san dɔla la kushaura pooren gu'a buyina. Mbira ŋmi'ira la ni dɔla me la inkpemesego yuunyuuneba fii sɛba e ni ŋmi'ira hosho (sinyagerɛ) gee sakera dɔla la yuunsi'a ti yuunyuuna la, nimmu'urɛ paa bii sɛla e ba'am pakɛ, suŋera gee naara la  yuuma la kua. 

(Garfias 1971) []

== Ŋmi'a ==
Lusi ti ba ni tara pa'asera la wa'a la gee me ta'am kelum wan tara wa'ara wa'asi buuri buuri/ yima yima.

=== Mhande lusi ===
&lt;nowiki/&gt;
1. Shauro- ba tari e ita la limesego

2. Tsinhiro- ti ba tara sakera limesego 

==== 4Dinhe lusi ====
1. Mbito- ti ba ita niŋa limesego 

2. Mitumba miviri- ti ba tara sakera limesego

===== Chokoto lusi =====
&lt;nowiki/&gt;
(Buna de la zuto tuyi)

1. Chimudumbana- fii, ti ba tara kimesera

2. Chigubha- katɛ, ti ba tara sakera limesego


== Hosho ==
Lɔkɔ yelezure: Hosho (de'eŋo Lɔkɔ)

Saŋa woo ba ni tara la hosho dɔla la Shona yuuma la, bunfɔɔlega e foe- yese Maranka Wanɛ ti ba dikɛ hota biiri bii sɛla e wan damena ta'am ita voole ba san bigesera ka.[]

==  Daami Shona yuuma ==
Daami sa buuri Shona yuuma yuum de la mbira dzavadzimu ti ŋmi'ira zo'e zo'e yuum ni ŋmi'ira, hosho la ngoma lusi duma. Daami Shona yuuma la ba yuum ni ŋmi'ira ka mɛ e boi sia puan malema zi'an ti ba yi'ira ka ti bira.

==  Zina ==
Ba nyaa tee daami buuri Shona yuuma la kiŋɛ la zina wa de'eno lɔgerɔ dɛna bii nasaabugum kɔlɔ la gɔbega nu'o bɔba lusi buuri buuri, de'emdɛ'ɛneba magesɛ wuu Thomas Mapfumo, Stella Chiweshe, la Oliver Mtukudzi. Yuum ana wa kelum ta pa'asɛ mɛ la Chimurenga yɛla.[]

== Shona yuuma e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba ==
Shona yuuma nyɛ yu'urɛ mɛ e boi Gɔbega nu'o bɔba gee hali e boi Zuɔ nu'o bɔba bii Japan. Ba zamesɛ Shona mbira mɛ e boi British la American yunivɛsiti e boi yuuma zamesegɔ weeleŋo puan. Gulesegɔ kelum yese me pa'alɛ ti ba viisɛ tuunɛ la mɛ. United states &quot;solemitiŋa puan, Shona yuuma e de yuuma e yese e boi Colorado, California,  Pacific Saazuo la zuɔ nu'o bɔba la zi'isi asi'a e boi Argentina, zo'e zo'e yɛsera la yuunyuuneba la suŋerɛ ta pa'asɛ la Dumisani Maraire, Ephat Mujuru, Thomas Mapfumo la Erica Azim.[]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}


== Shona yuuma e boi marimba ==
Shona marimbas de la yuum sɛka ti yuunɛ la tara vo'osum siyopɔi gee ti ba maalɛ ka la F#s gee ka pa'asɛ. Ba boi la diyima la marimbas basɛba  dɔla la ba bɛa/nink kara la di vua e boi bɛa/nini duma la puan (ti ba ta'am iŋɛ ti voole bɔna). Ba tari la marimba buuri buuri bunaasi ti ba ŋmi'ira e boi bani puan, si yu'ura de la voole daa e boi tiŋa,  tiŋasuka voole daa, voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a. Voole daa e boi tiŋa la e tari ninkara la usega gee me le dɛna bungirega, suna ti ba tara dibesi bunwogero bii kara ŋmi'ira. Tiŋasuka voole daa e le tagelɛ si kara bii aŋa puan, sɛka e tari vo'osum bunii gana voole daa e boi tiŋa. Ka me kelum tara kua e zoni saazuo gee la dibesi kara bii wogero, amaa la kɔ'ɔm ka ba'am wɔgɛ bii karegɛ bii voole daa e boi tiŋa la. Voole daa e gani za'a la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a lagum tara la dibega ayima bii yiŋa ti ba tara ŋmi'ira ka. Voole daa e gani za'a nuurɛ zoni zɔ'ɔra la sugenuurɛ buyi, ti la zɔna saazuo zuna la voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a bunbila bii e boi tiŋa. 

Voole nya'aŋa e gani za'a e ŋmi'iri tilum bɔba, la voole daa e gani za'a ti la ita limesego.

Voole daa e boi tiŋa latiŋasuka voole daa ŋmi'iri la zi'isi ayima la taaba, ita ti yuunɛ la vuurɛ yɛsa. Marimba yu'urɛ yese me e boi Zimbabwe sukuu duma pɔɔsin, la sukuu duma zo'e zo'e ti ba tara magesɛ wuu bani ayima.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
|This section '''needs expansion'''. You can help by adding missing information. ''(May 2008)''
|}

== Yuunyuuneba ==
* Chartwell Dutiro
* Chiwoniso Maraire
* Chris Berry
* Cosmas Magaya
* Dumisani Maraire
* Ephat Mujuru
* Erica Azim
* Forward Kwenda
* Fabio Chivhanda
* Herbert Schwamborn
* James Chimombe
* Oliver Mtukudzi
* Stella Chiweshe
* Tendayi Gahamadze
* Hope Masike
* Thomas Mapfumo
* Jah Prayzah
* Leonard Dembo

==  Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ ==

== Le bisɛ ==

* Chimurenga
* Ngororombe
* Marimba (Zimbabwean)
* Music of Africa
* Music of Zimbabwe
* Shona language
* Shona people
* Bantu language
* Zimbabwe
* List of Zimbabwean musicians

== Digesegɔ/ Tepemeŋo ==

* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79703-2, Zimbabwe: ''The African Mbira: Music of the Shona People'' (2002). Liner notes by Robert Garfias (1971).
* Nonesuch Explorer Series 79704 Zimbabwe: ''The Soul of Mbira: Traditions of the Shona People'' (1973). &lt;small&gt;Produced by Paul Berliner&lt;/small&gt;
* Musical instruments 2: (LP) Reeds (Mbira). (1972) The Music of Africa series. 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. Recorded by Hugh Tracey. Kaleidophone, KMA 2.
* Mbira Music of Rhodesia, Performed by Abram Dumisani Maraire. (1972). Seattle: University of Washington Press, Ethnic Music Series. Garfias, R. (Ed.). 1 LP disc. 33&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁄&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rpm. mono. 12 in. UWP-1001. &lt;small&gt;This disc features Maraire exclusively on Nyunga Nyunga mbira. A 12-page booklet by Maraire is included, describing the background, composition, and performance of nyunga-nyunga mbira music.&lt;/small&gt;

== Niŋa kaalegɔ ==

*
* Tracey, Andrew. (1970). How to play the mbira (dza vadzimu). Roodepoort, Transvaal, South Africa: International Library of African Music.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1961). The evolution of African music and its function in the present day. Johannesburg: Institute for the Study of Man in Africa.
* Tracey, Hugh. (1969). The Mbira class of African Instruments in Rhodesia (1932). African Music Society Journal, 4:3, 78-95.

== Yiŋa bɛɛna ==

* Zimbabwe Music Vibes Promoting Urban Culture
* ZimFest Annual Zimbabwean Music Festival in North America
* Zambuko Solomon Murungu's Shona Music Site
* Mbira.org Erica Azim's site, based in Berkeley, CA
* Dandemutande Shona Music site and mailing list

{| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* &lt;abbr&gt;v&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;t&lt;/abbr&gt;
* &lt;abbr&gt;e&lt;/abbr&gt;

Music of Africa
|-
!Sovereign states
|
* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
|-
!States with limited

recognition
|
* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland
|-
!Dependencies and

other territories
|
* Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain)
* Madeira (Portugal)
* Mayotte / Réunion (France)
* Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
* Western Sahara
|}
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