Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2795 826734 704648 2026-04-26T18:51:58Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:The_States_of_the_Nigerian_Region_in_the_16th_century.png|thumb|313x313px|Gobir a karni na 16 Najeriya]][[File:The States of the Nigerian Region in the 19th Century.png|thumb]][[File:Advancing Stability in Northern Nigeria discussion with ten northern Nigerian governors on the frontlines of the country's most pressing challenges held by the United States Peace Institute on 23 April 2024 - 2.jpg|thumb|313×313p×]] '''Gobir''' (Demonym: ''Gobirawa'') birni ne dayake a cikin [[Najeriya]] . Wanda [[Hausawa|Hausa]] ne suka kafa ta a ƙarni na 11, '''Gobir''' na ɗaya daga cikin dauloli bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|Ƙasar Hausa]], kuma ta ci gaba da zama a ƙarƙashin mulkin Hausa kusan shekaru 700. Babban birninta shine garin [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]] . A farkon ƙarni na 19 wasu daga cikin daular da ke mulki sun gudu zuwa [[Arewa (Najeriya)|Arewa]] zuwa inda ake ƙira [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar a yanzu]] daga inda daular da ta yi hamayya ta ci gaba da mulki a matsayin Sarkin Gobir (''Sultan na Gobir'') a [[Tibiri]]. A shekara ta 1975 wani [[sarki]] na [[gargajiya]] ya sake zama a [[Sabon Birni]], [[Najeriya|Najeriya.]]<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == === Tarihin Farko === Gobir na ɗaya daga cikin masarautu Bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|na Kasar Hausa]], wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[ƙarni]] na 11. Gidan Sarkin ya kasance a [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a arewa maso yammacin Kasar.<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> === Jihad na Fulani === [[File:Gobir man.jpg|thumb|Mutumin Gobir]] Gobir ana tunawa da shi musamman a matsayin babban abokin adawar mai da'awar [[Musulunci]] na [[Fulani]] [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] . Bawa, mai mulkin Gobir, ya bayyana ya gayyaci [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|dan Fodio]] zuwa yankin a cikin shekara ta 1774; Dan Fodio ya yi gidansa a cikin ƙaramin garin [[Degel]], kuma ya fara wa'azi. An ba Dan Fodio wani rawar da ya taka a cikin ilimin dan uwan Bawa kuma daga baya ya maye gurbinsa, [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] (r. 1803-8), amma kuma ya kai farmaki a fili ga abin da ya gani a matsayin cin zarafin ƙwararrun Hausa, musamman nauyin da suka sanya wa talakawa. Sarki [[Nafata]] (r. 1797-98) ya sauya manufofin haƙuri na Bawa, kuma ya ji tsoron karuwar makamai tsakanin mabiyan dan Fodio. Shugabannin biyu na gaba sun yi tsalle-tsalle tsakanin matakai masu cin gashin kansu da masu sassaucin ra'ayi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Meredith |first=Martin |url=http://archive.org/details/fortunesofafrica0000mere_b3d2 |title=The fortunes of Africa : a 5000-year history of wealth, greed, and endeavour |date=2014 |publisher=New York : Public Affairs |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-61039-459-8 |pages=164}}</ref> Lokacin da Yunfa ya hau kan mulki a shekarar 1803, nan da nan ya sami kansa cikin rikici da Dan Fodio, kuma bayan ya kasa kashe shi, ya kori Dan Fodio da mabiyansa daga Degel. Dan Fodio yayi kira ta hanyar tara dangin Fulani a cikin rundunar [[jihadi]], ya fara [[Jihadin Danfodio|Yaƙin Fulani]] kuma daga ƙarshe ya kafa Khalifancin Sokoto. Duk da wasu nasarorin daga farko da sojojin Gobir da sauran jihohin kasar Hausa suka samu (musamman a [[Yaƙin Tsuntua]]), dan Fodio ya sami nasarar cinye yankin da ke kewaye da shi. Sojojinsa sun kwace babban birnin Gobir, [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1808, inda suka kashe Sarki Yunfa. Kuma Jihar ta shigo cikin Sokoto. === Fita === Sarkin '''Ali Dan Yakubu''' da '''Sarki Mayak'''i sun ci gaba da adawa da Jihadists a Arewa maso gabas. Tare da taimakon Sarkin [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] na ƙarshe wanda ya gina sabon babban birnin Gobir a [[Tibiri]], kilomita 10 daga arewacin [[Maradi]] a shekara ta 1836. &nbsp;Lokacin da Gobir Sultan ya tayar da mulkin [[Sokoto]] a wannan shekarar, [[Muhammadu Bello|Sokoto Sultan Muhammed Bello]] ya murkushe tawaye a [[Yakin Gawakuke|Yaƙin Gawakuke]] . A nan ne har yanzu [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] tsohuwar daular sarakunan Hausa na Gobir. Wani reshe mai hamayya na daular yana da wurin zama a [[Sabon Birni]] a arewacin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Sokoto Caliphate|last=Last|first=Murray|pages=74–5}}</ref> Tsohon Sarkin Gobir [[Muhammadu Bawa]] ya yi mulki a Sabon Birni daga shekara ta 1975 zuwa shekarar 2004. == Manazarta == === Bayani === {{Reflist}} === Bayanan littattafai === * "Usman dan Fodio. " ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', wanda aka samu a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2005. * F. Daniyel. "Shehu dan Fodio". ''Jaridar Royal African Society'' 25.99 (Abril 1926): 278-283. * [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan. * [[Boubou Hama]] ''Tarihin Gobir da Sokoto.'' Kasancewar Afirka (Paris/Dakar), 1967. * [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html Jerin sarakunan Gobir] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070528000007/http://www.diafrica.org/nigeriaop/Vishigh/phd3.htm Igba Rumun Vishigh. Kiristanci da tsibirin a cikin DIALOGUE: Arewa maso yammacin NIGERIA, 1960-1990.] Jami'ar Jos, Najeriya (1997). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010737/http://www.yantaru.org/essentialshehu.pdf Muhammad Sharee. Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye"]. Cibiyar Musulunci - Nazarin Afirka (1999). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120227111409/http://nigerdiaspora.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3609:la-vie-dune-cour-de-chefferie-le-gobir-hier-et-aujourdhui&catid=16:soci&Itemid=66 Rayuwar fadar shugabanci: Gobir jiya da yau ]. Zeinabou Gaoh, ONEP Maradi, [[Le Sahel|Sahel]] (Niger). 30 ga Oktoba 2009. [[Category: Tarihin Najeriya]] 82s5lnyba193fjcfi0yi2sdv3f4w1uh 826735 826734 2026-04-26T18:52:45Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:The_States_of_the_Nigerian_Region_in_the_16th_century.png|thumb|313x313px|Gobir a karni na 16 Najeriya]][[File:The States of the Nigerian Region in the 19th Century.png|thumb]][[File:Advancing Stability in Northern Nigeria discussion with ten northern Nigerian governors on the frontlines of the country's most pressing challenges held by the United States Peace Institute on 23 April 2024 - 2.jpg|thumb|313×313p×]] '''Gobir''' (Demonym: ''Gobirawa'') birni ne dayake a cikin [[Najeriya]] . Wanda [[Hausawa|Hausa]] ne suka kafa ta a ƙarni na 11, '''Gobir''' na ɗaya daga cikin dauloli bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|Ƙasar Hausa]], kuma ta ci gaba da zama a ƙarƙashin mulkin Hausa kusan shekaru 700. Babban birninta shine garin [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]] . A farkon ƙarni na 19 wasu daga cikin daular da ke mulki sun gudu zuwa [[Arewa (Najeriya)|Arewa]] zuwa inda ake ƙira [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar a yanzu]] daga inda daular da ta yi hamayya ta ci gaba da mulki a matsayin Sarkin Gobir (''Sultan na Gobir'') a [[Tibiri]]. A shekara ta 1975 wani [[sarki]] na [[gargajiya]] ya sake zama a [[Sabon Birni]], [[Najeriya|Najeriya.]]<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == === Tarihin Farko === Gobir na ɗaya daga cikin masarautu Bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|na Ƙasar Hausa]], wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[ƙarni]] na 11. Gidan Sarkin ya kasance a [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a arewa maso yammacin Kasar.<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> === Jihad na Fulani === [[File:Gobir man.jpg|thumb|Mutumin Gobir]] Gobir ana tunawa da shi musamman a matsayin babban abokin adawar mai da'awar [[Musulunci]] na [[Fulani]] [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] . Bawa, mai mulkin Gobir, ya bayyana ya gayyaci [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|dan Fodio]] zuwa yankin a cikin shekara ta 1774; Dan Fodio ya yi gidansa a cikin ƙaramin garin [[Degel]], kuma ya fara wa'azi. An ba Dan Fodio wani rawar da ya taka a cikin ilimin dan uwan Bawa kuma daga baya ya maye gurbinsa, [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] (r. 1803-8), amma kuma ya kai farmaki a fili ga abin da ya gani a matsayin cin zarafin ƙwararrun Hausa, musamman nauyin da suka sanya wa talakawa. Sarki [[Nafata]] (r. 1797-98) ya sauya manufofin haƙuri na Bawa, kuma ya ji tsoron karuwar makamai tsakanin mabiyan dan Fodio. Shugabannin biyu na gaba sun yi tsalle-tsalle tsakanin matakai masu cin gashin kansu da masu sassaucin ra'ayi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Meredith |first=Martin |url=http://archive.org/details/fortunesofafrica0000mere_b3d2 |title=The fortunes of Africa : a 5000-year history of wealth, greed, and endeavour |date=2014 |publisher=New York : Public Affairs |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-61039-459-8 |pages=164}}</ref> Lokacin da Yunfa ya hau kan mulki a shekarar 1803, nan da nan ya sami kansa cikin rikici da Dan Fodio, kuma bayan ya kasa kashe shi, ya kori Dan Fodio da mabiyansa daga Degel. Dan Fodio yayi kira ta hanyar tara dangin Fulani a cikin rundunar [[jihadi]], ya fara [[Jihadin Danfodio|Yaƙin Fulani]] kuma daga ƙarshe ya kafa Khalifancin Sokoto. Duk da wasu nasarorin daga farko da sojojin Gobir da sauran jihohin kasar Hausa suka samu (musamman a [[Yaƙin Tsuntua]]), dan Fodio ya sami nasarar cinye yankin da ke kewaye da shi. Sojojinsa sun kwace babban birnin Gobir, [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1808, inda suka kashe Sarki Yunfa. Kuma Jihar ta shigo cikin Sokoto. === Fita === Sarkin '''Ali Dan Yakubu''' da '''Sarki Mayak'''i sun ci gaba da adawa da Jihadists a Arewa maso gabas. Tare da taimakon Sarkin [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] na ƙarshe wanda ya gina sabon babban birnin Gobir a [[Tibiri]], kilomita 10 daga arewacin [[Maradi]] a shekara ta 1836. &nbsp;Lokacin da Gobir Sultan ya tayar da mulkin [[Sokoto]] a wannan shekarar, [[Muhammadu Bello|Sokoto Sultan Muhammed Bello]] ya murkushe tawaye a [[Yakin Gawakuke|Yaƙin Gawakuke]] . A nan ne har yanzu [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] tsohuwar daular sarakunan Hausa na Gobir. Wani reshe mai hamayya na daular yana da wurin zama a [[Sabon Birni]] a arewacin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Sokoto Caliphate|last=Last|first=Murray|pages=74–5}}</ref> Tsohon Sarkin Gobir [[Muhammadu Bawa]] ya yi mulki a Sabon Birni daga shekara ta 1975 zuwa shekarar 2004. == Manazarta == === Bayani === {{Reflist}} === Bayanan littattafai === * "Usman dan Fodio. " ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', wanda aka samu a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2005. * F. Daniyel. "Shehu dan Fodio". ''Jaridar Royal African Society'' 25.99 (Abril 1926): 278-283. * [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan. * [[Boubou Hama]] ''Tarihin Gobir da Sokoto.'' Kasancewar Afirka (Paris/Dakar), 1967. * [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html Jerin sarakunan Gobir] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070528000007/http://www.diafrica.org/nigeriaop/Vishigh/phd3.htm Igba Rumun Vishigh. Kiristanci da tsibirin a cikin DIALOGUE: Arewa maso yammacin NIGERIA, 1960-1990.] Jami'ar Jos, Najeriya (1997). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010737/http://www.yantaru.org/essentialshehu.pdf Muhammad Sharee. Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye"]. Cibiyar Musulunci - Nazarin Afirka (1999). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120227111409/http://nigerdiaspora.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3609:la-vie-dune-cour-de-chefferie-le-gobir-hier-et-aujourdhui&catid=16:soci&Itemid=66 Rayuwar fadar shugabanci: Gobir jiya da yau ]. Zeinabou Gaoh, ONEP Maradi, [[Le Sahel|Sahel]] (Niger). 30 ga Oktoba 2009. [[Category: Tarihin Najeriya]] rlrreiricu0zkgr01440y0rhgo9reoj 826736 826735 2026-04-26T18:53:34Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:The_States_of_the_Nigerian_Region_in_the_16th_century.png|thumb|313x313px|Gobir a karni na 16 Najeriya]][[File:The States of the Nigerian Region in the 19th Century.png|thumb]][[File:Advancing Stability in Northern Nigeria discussion with ten northern Nigerian governors on the frontlines of the country's most pressing challenges held by the United States Peace Institute on 23 April 2024 - 2.jpg|thumb|313×313p×]] '''Gobir''' (Demonym: ''Gobirawa'') birni ne dayake a cikin [[Najeriya]] . Wanda [[Hausawa|Hausa]] ne suka kafa ta a ƙarni na 11, '''Gobir''' na ɗaya daga cikin dauloli bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|Ƙasar Hausa]], kuma ta ci gaba da zama a ƙarƙashin mulkin Hausa kusan shekaru 700. Babban birninta shine garin [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]] . A farkon ƙarni na 19 wasu daga cikin daular da ke mulki sun gudu zuwa [[Arewa (Najeriya)|Arewa]] zuwa inda ake ƙira [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar a yanzu]] daga inda daular da ta yi hamayya ta ci gaba da mulki a matsayin Sarkin Gobir (''Sultan na Gobir'') a [[Tibiri]]. A shekara ta 1975 wani [[sarki]] na [[gargajiya]] ya sake zama a [[Sabon Birni]], [[Najeriya|Najeriya.]]<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == === Tarihin Farko === Gobir na ɗaya daga cikin masarautu Bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|na Ƙasar Hausa]], wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[ƙarni]] na 11. Gidan Sarkin ya kasance a [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a arewa maso yammacin Kasar.<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> === Jihad na Fulani === [[File:Gobir man.jpg|thumb|Mutumin Gobir]] Gobir ana tunawa da shi musamman a matsayin babban abokin adawar mai da'awar [[Musulunci]] na [[Fulani]] [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]]. Bawa, mai mulkin Gobir, ya bayyana ya gayyaci [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|dan Fodio]] zuwa yankin a cikin shekara ta 1774; Dan Fodio ya yi gidansa a cikin ƙaramin garin [[Degel]], kuma ya fara wa'azi. An ba Dan Fodio wani rawar da ya taka a cikin ilimin dan uwan Bawa kuma daga baya ya maye gurbinsa, [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] (r. 1803-8), amma kuma ya kai farmaki a fili ga abin da ya gani a matsayin cin zarafin ƙwararrun Hausa, musamman nauyin da suka sanya wa talakawa. Sarki [[Nafata]] (r. 1797-98) ya sauya manufofin haƙuri na Bawa, kuma ya ji tsoron karuwar makamai tsakanin mabiyan dan Fodio. Shugabannin biyu na gaba sun yi tsalle-tsalle tsakanin matakai masu cin gashin kansu da masu sassaucin ra'ayi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Meredith |first=Martin |url=http://archive.org/details/fortunesofafrica0000mere_b3d2 |title=The fortunes of Africa : a 5000-year history of wealth, greed, and endeavour |date=2014 |publisher=New York : Public Affairs |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-61039-459-8 |pages=164}}</ref> Lokacin da Yunfa ya hau kan mulki a shekarar 1803, nan da nan ya sami kansa cikin rikici da Dan Fodio, kuma bayan ya kasa kashe shi, ya kori Dan Fodio da mabiyansa daga Degel. Dan Fodio yayi kira ta hanyar tara dangin Fulani a cikin rundunar [[jihadi]], ya fara [[Jihadin Danfodio|Yaƙin Fulani]] kuma daga ƙarshe ya kafa Khalifancin Sokoto. Duk da wasu nasarorin daga farko da sojojin Gobir da sauran jihohin kasar Hausa suka samu (musamman a [[Yaƙin Tsuntua]]), dan Fodio ya sami nasarar cinye yankin da ke kewaye da shi. Sojojinsa sun kwace babban birnin Gobir, [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1808, inda suka kashe Sarki Yunfa. Kuma Jihar ta shigo cikin Sokoto. === Fita === Sarkin '''Ali Dan Yakubu''' da '''Sarki Mayak'''i sun ci gaba da adawa da Jihadists a Arewa maso gabas. Tare da taimakon Sarkin [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] na ƙarshe wanda ya gina sabon babban birnin Gobir a [[Tibiri]], kilomita 10 daga arewacin [[Maradi]] a shekara ta 1836. &nbsp;Lokacin da Gobir Sultan ya tayar da mulkin [[Sokoto]] a wannan shekarar, [[Muhammadu Bello|Sokoto Sultan Muhammed Bello]] ya murkushe tawaye a [[Yakin Gawakuke|Yaƙin Gawakuke]] . A nan ne har yanzu [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] tsohuwar daular sarakunan Hausa na Gobir. Wani reshe mai hamayya na daular yana da wurin zama a [[Sabon Birni]] a arewacin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Sokoto Caliphate|last=Last|first=Murray|pages=74–5}}</ref> Tsohon Sarkin Gobir [[Muhammadu Bawa]] ya yi mulki a Sabon Birni daga shekara ta 1975 zuwa shekarar 2004. == Manazarta == === Bayani === {{Reflist}} === Bayanan littattafai === * "Usman dan Fodio. " ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', wanda aka samu a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2005. * F. Daniyel. "Shehu dan Fodio". ''Jaridar Royal African Society'' 25.99 (Abril 1926): 278-283. * [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan. * [[Boubou Hama]] ''Tarihin Gobir da Sokoto.'' Kasancewar Afirka (Paris/Dakar), 1967. * [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html Jerin sarakunan Gobir] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070528000007/http://www.diafrica.org/nigeriaop/Vishigh/phd3.htm Igba Rumun Vishigh. Kiristanci da tsibirin a cikin DIALOGUE: Arewa maso yammacin NIGERIA, 1960-1990.] Jami'ar Jos, Najeriya (1997). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010737/http://www.yantaru.org/essentialshehu.pdf Muhammad Sharee. Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye"]. Cibiyar Musulunci - Nazarin Afirka (1999). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120227111409/http://nigerdiaspora.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3609:la-vie-dune-cour-de-chefferie-le-gobir-hier-et-aujourdhui&catid=16:soci&Itemid=66 Rayuwar fadar shugabanci: Gobir jiya da yau ]. Zeinabou Gaoh, ONEP Maradi, [[Le Sahel|Sahel]] (Niger). 30 ga Oktoba 2009. [[Category: Tarihin Najeriya]] ic6ofgwickpcxdjdihlyhvpy0iygdq6 826737 826736 2026-04-26T18:55:38Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:The_States_of_the_Nigerian_Region_in_the_16th_century.png|thumb|313x313px|Gobir a karni na 16 Najeriya]][[File:The States of the Nigerian Region in the 19th Century.png|thumb]][[File:Advancing Stability in Northern Nigeria discussion with ten northern Nigerian governors on the frontlines of the country's most pressing challenges held by the United States Peace Institute on 23 April 2024 - 2.jpg|thumb|313×313p×]] '''Gobir''' (Demonym: ''Gobirawa'') birni ne dayake a cikin [[Najeriya]] . Wanda [[Hausawa|Hausa]] ne suka kafa ta a ƙarni na 11, '''Gobir''' na ɗaya daga cikin dauloli bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|Ƙasar Hausa]], kuma ta ci gaba da zama a ƙarƙashin mulkin Hausa kusan shekaru 700. Babban birninta shine garin [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]] . A farkon ƙarni na 19 wasu daga cikin daular da ke mulki sun gudu zuwa [[Arewa (Najeriya)|Arewa]] zuwa inda ake ƙira [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar a yanzu]] daga inda daular da ta yi hamayya ta ci gaba da mulki a matsayin Sarkin Gobir (''Sultan na Gobir'') a [[Tibiri]]. A shekara ta 1975 wani [[sarki]] na [[gargajiya]] ya sake zama a [[Sabon Birni]], [[Najeriya|Najeriya.]]<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == === Tarihin Farko === Gobir na ɗaya daga cikin masarautu Bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|na Ƙasar Hausa]], wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[ƙarni]] na 11. Gidan Sarkin ya kasance a [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a arewa maso yammacin Kasar.<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> === Jihad na Fulani === [[File:Gobir man.jpg|thumb|Mutumin Gobir]] Gobir ana tunawa da shi musamman a matsayin babban abokin adawar mai da'awar [[Musulunci]] na [[Fulani]] [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]]. Bawa, mai mulkin Gobir, ya bayyana ya gayyaci [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|dan Fodio]] zuwa yankin a cikin shekara ta 1774; Dan Fodio ya yi gidansa a cikin ƙaramin garin [[Degel]], kuma ya fara wa'azi. An ba Dan Fodio wani rawar da ya taka a cikin ilimin dan uwan Bawa kuma daga baya ya maye gurbinsa, [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] (r. 1803-8), amma kuma ya kai farmaki a fili ga abin da ya gani a matsayin cin zarafin ƙwararrun Hausa, musamman nauyin da suka sanya wa talakawa. Sarki [[Nafata]] (r. 1797-98) ya sauya manufofin haƙuri na Bawa, kuma ya ji tsoron karuwar makamai tsakanin mabiyan dan Fodio. Shugabannin biyu na gaba sun yi tsalle-tsalle tsakanin matakai masu cin gashin kansu da masu sassaucin ra'ayi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Meredith |first=Martin |url=http://archive.org/details/fortunesofafrica0000mere_b3d2 |title=The fortunes of Africa : a 5000-year history of wealth, greed, and endeavour |date=2014 |publisher=New York : Public Affairs |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-61039-459-8 |pages=164}}</ref> Lokacin da Yunfa ya hau kan mulki a shekarar 1803, nan da nan ya sami kansa cikin rikici da Ɗan Fodio, kuma bayan ya kasa kashe shi, ya kori Dan Fodio da mabiyansa daga Degel. Dan Fodio yayi kira ta hanyar tara dangin Fulani a cikin rundunar [[jihadi]], ya fara [[Jihadin Danfodio|Yaƙin Fulani]] kuma daga ƙarshe ya kafa Khalifancin Sokoto. Duk da wasu nasarorin daga farko da sojojin Gobir da sauran jihohin kasar Hausa suka samu (musamman a [[Yaƙin Tsuntua]]), dan Fodio ya sami nasarar cinye yankin da ke kewaye da shi. Sojojinsa sun kwace babban birnin Gobir, [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1808, inda suka kashe Sarki Yunfa. Kuma Jihar ta shigo cikin Sokoto. === Fita === Sarkin '''Ali Dan Yakubu''' da '''Sarki Mayak'''i sun ci gaba da adawa da Jihadists a Arewa maso gabas. Tare da taimakon Sarkin [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] na ƙarshe wanda ya gina sabon babban birnin Gobir a [[Tibiri]], kilomita 10 daga arewacin [[Maradi]] a shekara ta 1836. &nbsp;Lokacin da Gobir Sultan ya tayar da mulkin [[Sokoto]] a wannan shekarar, [[Muhammadu Bello|Sokoto Sultan Muhammed Bello]] ya murkushe tawaye a [[Yakin Gawakuke|Yaƙin Gawakuke]] . A nan ne har yanzu [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] tsohuwar daular sarakunan Hausa na Gobir. Wani reshe mai hamayya na daular yana da wurin zama a [[Sabon Birni]] a arewacin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Sokoto Caliphate|last=Last|first=Murray|pages=74–5}}</ref> Tsohon Sarkin Gobir [[Muhammadu Bawa]] ya yi mulki a Sabon Birni daga shekara ta 1975 zuwa shekarar 2004. == Manazarta == === Bayani === {{Reflist}} === Bayanan littattafai === * "Usman dan Fodio. " ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', wanda aka samu a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2005. * F. Daniyel. "Shehu dan Fodio". ''Jaridar Royal African Society'' 25.99 (Abril 1926): 278-283. * [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan. * [[Boubou Hama]] ''Tarihin Gobir da Sokoto.'' Kasancewar Afirka (Paris/Dakar), 1967. * [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html Jerin sarakunan Gobir] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070528000007/http://www.diafrica.org/nigeriaop/Vishigh/phd3.htm Igba Rumun Vishigh. Kiristanci da tsibirin a cikin DIALOGUE: Arewa maso yammacin NIGERIA, 1960-1990.] Jami'ar Jos, Najeriya (1997). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010737/http://www.yantaru.org/essentialshehu.pdf Muhammad Sharee. Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye"]. Cibiyar Musulunci - Nazarin Afirka (1999). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120227111409/http://nigerdiaspora.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3609:la-vie-dune-cour-de-chefferie-le-gobir-hier-et-aujourdhui&catid=16:soci&Itemid=66 Rayuwar fadar shugabanci: Gobir jiya da yau ]. Zeinabou Gaoh, ONEP Maradi, [[Le Sahel|Sahel]] (Niger). 30 ga Oktoba 2009. [[Category: Tarihin Najeriya]] 3qlc02pe4g2alm0pxy79bgr2wicahdg 826738 826737 2026-04-26T18:56:09Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:The_States_of_the_Nigerian_Region_in_the_16th_century.png|thumb|313x313px|Gobir a karni na 16 Najeriya]][[File:The States of the Nigerian Region in the 19th Century.png|thumb]][[File:Advancing Stability in Northern Nigeria discussion with ten northern Nigerian governors on the frontlines of the country's most pressing challenges held by the United States Peace Institute on 23 April 2024 - 2.jpg|thumb|313×313p×]] '''Gobir''' (Demonym: ''Gobirawa'') birni ne dayake a cikin [[Najeriya]] . Wanda [[Hausawa|Hausa]] ne suka kafa ta a ƙarni na 11, '''Gobir''' na ɗaya daga cikin dauloli bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|Ƙasar Hausa]], kuma ta ci gaba da zama a ƙarƙashin mulkin Hausa kusan shekaru 700. Babban birninta shine garin [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]] . A farkon ƙarni na 19 wasu daga cikin daular da ke mulki sun gudu zuwa [[Arewa (Najeriya)|Arewa]] zuwa inda ake ƙira [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar a yanzu]] daga inda daular da ta yi hamayya ta ci gaba da mulki a matsayin Sarkin Gobir (''Sultan na Gobir'') a [[Tibiri]]. A shekara ta 1975 wani [[sarki]] na [[gargajiya]] ya sake zama a [[Sabon Birni]], [[Najeriya|Najeriya.]]<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == === Tarihin Farko === Gobir na ɗaya daga cikin masarautu Bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|na Ƙasar Hausa]], wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[ƙarni]] na 11. Gidan Sarkin ya kasance a [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a arewa maso yammacin Kasar.<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> === Jihad na Fulani === [[File:Gobir man.jpg|thumb|Mutumin Gobir]] Gobir ana tunawa da shi musamman a matsayin babban abokin adawar mai da'awar [[Musulunci]] na [[Fulani]] [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]]. Bawa, mai mulkin Gobir, ya bayyana ya gayyaci [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|dan Fodio]] zuwa yankin a cikin shekara ta 1774; Dan Fodio ya yi gidansa a cikin ƙaramin garin [[Degel]], kuma ya fara wa'azi. An ba Dan Fodio wani rawar da ya taka a cikin ilimin dan uwan Bawa kuma daga baya ya maye gurbinsa, [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] (r. 1803-8), amma kuma ya kai farmaki a fili ga abin da ya gani a matsayin cin zarafin ƙwararrun Hausa, musamman nauyin da suka sanya wa talakawa. Sarki [[Nafata]] (r. 1797-98) ya sauya manufofin haƙuri na Bawa, kuma ya ji tsoron karuwar makamai tsakanin mabiyan dan Fodio. Shugabannin biyu na gaba sun yi tsalle-tsalle tsakanin matakai masu cin gashin kansu da masu sassaucin ra'ayi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Meredith |first=Martin |url=http://archive.org/details/fortunesofafrica0000mere_b3d2 |title=The fortunes of Africa : a 5000-year history of wealth, greed, and endeavour |date=2014 |publisher=New York : Public Affairs |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-61039-459-8 |pages=164}}</ref> Lokacin da Yunfa ya hau kan mulki a shekarar 1803, nan da nan ya sami kansa cikin rikici da Ɗan Fodio, kuma bayan ya kasa kashe shi, ya kori Dan Fodio da mabiyansa daga Degel. Dan Fodio yayi kira ta hanyar tara dangin Fulani a cikin rundunar [[jihadi]], ya fara [[Jihadin Danfodio|Yaƙin Fulani]] kuma daga ƙarshe ya kafa Khalifancin Sokoto. Duk da wasu nasarorin daga farko da sojojin Gobir da sauran jihohin kasar Hausa suka samu (musamman a [[Yaƙin Tsuntua]]), dan Fodio ya sami nasarar cinye yankin da ke kewaye da shi. Sojojinsa sun kwace babban birnin Gobir, [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1808, inda suka kashe Sarki Yunfa. Kuma Jihar ta shigo cikin Sokoto. === Fita === Sarkin '''Ali Dan Yakubu''' da '''Sarki Mayak'''i sun ci gaba da adawa da Jihadists a Arewa maso gabas. Tare da taimakon Sarkin [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] na ƙarshe wanda ya gina sabon babban birnin Gobir a [[Tibiri]], kilomita 10 daga arewacin [[Maradi]] a shekara ta 1836. &nbsp;Lokacin da Gobir Sultan ya tayar da mulkin [[Sokoto]] a wannan shekarar, [[Muhammadu Bello|Sokoto Sultan Muhammed Bello]] ya murkushe tawaye a [[Yakin Gawakuke|Yaƙin Gawakuke]] . A nan ne har yanzu [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] tsohuwar daular sarakunan Hausa na Gobir. Wani reshe mai hamayya na daular yana da wurin zama a [[Sabon Birni]] a arewacin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Sokoto Caliphate|last=Last|first=Murray|pages=74–5}}</ref> Tsohon Sarkin Gobir [[Muhammadu Bawa]] ya yi mulki a Sabon Birni daga shekara ta 1975 zuwa shekarar 2004. == Manazarta == === Bayani === {{Reflist}} === Bayanan littattafai === * "Usman dan Fodio. " ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', wanda aka samu a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2005. * F. Daniyel. "Shehu dan Fodio". ''Jaridar Royal African Society'' 25.99 (Abril 1926): 278-283. * [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan. * [[Boubou Hama]] ''Tarihin Gobir da Sokoto.'' Kasancewar Afirka (Paris/Dakar), 1967. * [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html Jerin sarakunan Gobir] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070528000007/http://www.diafrica.org/nigeriaop/Vishigh/phd3.htm Igba Rumun Vishigh. Kiristanci da tsibirin a cikin DIALOGUE: Arewa maso yammacin NIGERIA, 1960-1990.] Jami'ar Jos, Najeriya (1997). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010737/http://www.yantaru.org/essentialshehu.pdf Muhammad Sharee. Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye"]. Cibiyar Musulunci - Nazarin Afirka (1999). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120227111409/http://nigerdiaspora.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3609:la-vie-dune-cour-de-chefferie-le-gobir-hier-et-aujourdhui&catid=16:soci&Itemid=66 Rayuwar fadar shugabanci: Gobir jiya da yau ]. Zeinabou Gaoh, ONEP Maradi, [[Le Sahel|Sahel]] (Niger). 30 ga Oktoba 2009. [[Category: Tarihin Najeriya]] e2cpav8p04z36asv3lidi7hssamxtzo 826739 826738 2026-04-26T18:56:45Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:The_States_of_the_Nigerian_Region_in_the_16th_century.png|thumb|313x313px|Gobir a karni na 16 Najeriya]][[File:The States of the Nigerian Region in the 19th Century.png|thumb]][[File:Advancing Stability in Northern Nigeria discussion with ten northern Nigerian governors on the frontlines of the country's most pressing challenges held by the United States Peace Institute on 23 April 2024 - 2.jpg|thumb|313×313p×]] '''Gobir''' (Demonym: ''Gobirawa'') birni ne dayake a cikin [[Najeriya]] . Wanda [[Hausawa|Hausa]] ne suka kafa ta a ƙarni na 11, '''Gobir''' na ɗaya daga cikin dauloli bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|Ƙasar Hausa]], kuma ta ci gaba da zama a ƙarƙashin mulkin Hausa kusan shekaru 700. Babban birninta shine garin [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]] . A farkon ƙarni na 19 wasu daga cikin daular da ke mulki sun gudu zuwa [[Arewa (Najeriya)|Arewa]] zuwa inda ake ƙira [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar a yanzu]] daga inda daular da ta yi hamayya ta ci gaba da mulki a matsayin Sarkin Gobir (''Sultan na Gobir'') a [[Tibiri]]. A shekara ta 1975 wani [[sarki]] na [[gargajiya]] ya sake zama a [[Sabon Birni]], [[Najeriya|Najeriya.]]<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == === Tarihin Farko === Gobir na ɗaya daga cikin masarautu Bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|na Ƙasar Hausa]], wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[ƙarni]] na 11. Gidan Sarkin ya kasance a [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a arewa maso yammacin Kasar.<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> === Jihad na Fulani === [[File:Gobir man.jpg|thumb|Mutumin Gobir]] Gobir ana tunawa da shi musamman a matsayin babban abokin adawar mai da'awar [[Musulunci]] na [[Fulani]] [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Ɗan Fodio]]. Bawa, mai mulkin Gobir, ya bayyana ya gayyaci [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|dan Fodio]] zuwa yankin a cikin shekara ta 1774; Dan Fodio ya yi gidansa a cikin ƙaramin garin [[Degel]], kuma ya fara wa'azi. An ba Dan Fodio wani rawar da ya taka a cikin ilimin dan uwan Bawa kuma daga baya ya maye gurbinsa, [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] (r. 1803-8), amma kuma ya kai farmaki a fili ga abin da ya gani a matsayin cin zarafin ƙwararrun Hausa, musamman nauyin da suka sanya wa talakawa. Sarki [[Nafata]] (r. 1797-98) ya sauya manufofin haƙuri na Bawa, kuma ya ji tsoron karuwar makamai tsakanin mabiyan dan Fodio. Shugabannin biyu na gaba sun yi tsalle-tsalle tsakanin matakai masu cin gashin kansu da masu sassaucin ra'ayi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Meredith |first=Martin |url=http://archive.org/details/fortunesofafrica0000mere_b3d2 |title=The fortunes of Africa : a 5000-year history of wealth, greed, and endeavour |date=2014 |publisher=New York : Public Affairs |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-61039-459-8 |pages=164}}</ref> Lokacin da Yunfa ya hau kan mulki a shekarar 1803, nan da nan ya sami kansa cikin rikici da Ɗan Fodio, kuma bayan ya kasa kashe shi, ya kori Dan Fodio da mabiyansa daga Degel. Dan Fodio yayi kira ta hanyar tara dangin Fulani a cikin rundunar [[jihadi]], ya fara [[Jihadin Danfodio|Yaƙin Fulani]] kuma daga ƙarshe ya kafa Khalifancin Sokoto. Duk da wasu nasarorin daga farko da sojojin Gobir da sauran jihohin kasar Hausa suka samu (musamman a [[Yaƙin Tsuntua]]), dan Fodio ya sami nasarar cinye yankin da ke kewaye da shi. Sojojinsa sun kwace babban birnin Gobir, [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1808, inda suka kashe Sarki Yunfa. Kuma Jihar ta shigo cikin Sokoto. === Fita === Sarkin '''Ali Dan Yakubu''' da '''Sarki Mayak'''i sun ci gaba da adawa da Jihadists a Arewa maso gabas. Tare da taimakon Sarkin [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] na ƙarshe wanda ya gina sabon babban birnin Gobir a [[Tibiri]], kilomita 10 daga arewacin [[Maradi]] a shekara ta 1836. &nbsp;Lokacin da Gobir Sultan ya tayar da mulkin [[Sokoto]] a wannan shekarar, [[Muhammadu Bello|Sokoto Sultan Muhammed Bello]] ya murkushe tawaye a [[Yakin Gawakuke|Yaƙin Gawakuke]] . A nan ne har yanzu [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] tsohuwar daular sarakunan Hausa na Gobir. Wani reshe mai hamayya na daular yana da wurin zama a [[Sabon Birni]] a arewacin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Sokoto Caliphate|last=Last|first=Murray|pages=74–5}}</ref> Tsohon Sarkin Gobir [[Muhammadu Bawa]] ya yi mulki a Sabon Birni daga shekara ta 1975 zuwa shekarar 2004. == Manazarta == === Bayani === {{Reflist}} === Bayanan littattafai === * "Usman dan Fodio. " ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', wanda aka samu a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2005. * F. Daniyel. "Shehu dan Fodio". ''Jaridar Royal African Society'' 25.99 (Abril 1926): 278-283. * [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan. * [[Boubou Hama]] ''Tarihin Gobir da Sokoto.'' Kasancewar Afirka (Paris/Dakar), 1967. * [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html Jerin sarakunan Gobir] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070528000007/http://www.diafrica.org/nigeriaop/Vishigh/phd3.htm Igba Rumun Vishigh. Kiristanci da tsibirin a cikin DIALOGUE: Arewa maso yammacin NIGERIA, 1960-1990.] Jami'ar Jos, Najeriya (1997). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010737/http://www.yantaru.org/essentialshehu.pdf Muhammad Sharee. Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye"]. Cibiyar Musulunci - Nazarin Afirka (1999). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120227111409/http://nigerdiaspora.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3609:la-vie-dune-cour-de-chefferie-le-gobir-hier-et-aujourdhui&catid=16:soci&Itemid=66 Rayuwar fadar shugabanci: Gobir jiya da yau ]. Zeinabou Gaoh, ONEP Maradi, [[Le Sahel|Sahel]] (Niger). 30 ga Oktoba 2009. [[Category: Tarihin Najeriya]] gh4vl3o1ys13c8h4ds3j4ft52fapsc0 826740 826739 2026-04-26T18:58:05Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:The_States_of_the_Nigerian_Region_in_the_16th_century.png|thumb|313x313px|Gobir a karni na 16 Najeriya]][[File:The States of the Nigerian Region in the 19th Century.png|thumb]][[File:Advancing Stability in Northern Nigeria discussion with ten northern Nigerian governors on the frontlines of the country's most pressing challenges held by the United States Peace Institute on 23 April 2024 - 2.jpg|thumb|313×313p×]] '''Gobir''' (Demonym: ''Gobirawa'') birni ne dayake a cikin [[Najeriya]] . Wanda [[Hausawa|Hausa]] ne suka kafa ta a ƙarni na 11, '''Gobir''' na ɗaya daga cikin dauloli bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|Ƙasar Hausa]], kuma ta ci gaba da zama a ƙarƙashin mulkin Hausa kusan shekaru 700. Babban birninta shine garin [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]] . A farkon ƙarni na 19 wasu daga cikin daular da ke mulki sun gudu zuwa [[Arewa (Najeriya)|Arewa]] zuwa inda ake ƙira [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar a yanzu]] daga inda daular da ta yi hamayya ta ci gaba da mulki a matsayin Sarkin Gobir (''Sultan na Gobir'') a [[Tibiri]]. A shekara ta 1975 wani [[sarki]] na [[gargajiya]] ya sake zama a [[Sabon Birni]], [[Najeriya|Najeriya.]]<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == === Tarihin Farko === Gobir na ɗaya daga cikin masarautu Bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|na Ƙasar Hausa]], wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[ƙarni]] na 11. Gidan Sarkin ya kasance a [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a arewa maso yammacin Kasar.<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> === Jihad na Fulani === [[File:Gobir man.jpg|thumb|Mutumin Gobir]] Gobir ana tunawa da shi musamman a matsayin babban abokin adawar mai da'awar [[Musulunci]] na [[Fulani]] [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Ɗan Fodio]]. Bawa, mai mulkin Gobir, ya bayyana ya gayyaci [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|dan Fodio]] zuwa yankin a cikin shekara ta 1774; Dan Fodio ya yi gidansa a cikin ƙaramin garin [[Degel]], kuma ya fara wa'azi. An ba Dan Fodio wani rawar da ya taka a cikin ilimin dan uwan Bawa kuma daga baya ya maye gurbinsa, [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] (r. 1803-8), amma kuma ya kai farmaki a fili ga abin da ya gani a matsayin cin zarafin ƙwararrun Hausa, musamman nauyin da suka sanya wa talakawa. Sarki [[Nafata]] (r. 1797-98) ya sauya manufofin haƙuri na Bawa, kuma ya ji tsoron karuwar makamai tsakanin mabiyan dan Fodio. Shugabannin biyu na gaba sun yi tsalle-tsalle tsakanin matakai masu cin gashin kansu da masu sassaucin ra'ayi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Meredith |first=Martin |url=http://archive.org/details/fortunesofafrica0000mere_b3d2 |title=The fortunes of Africa : a 5000-year history of wealth, greed, and endeavour |date=2014 |publisher=New York : Public Affairs |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-61039-459-8 |pages=164}}</ref> Lokacin da Yunfa ya hau kan mulki a shekarar 1803, nan da nan ya sami kansa cikin rikici da Ɗan Fodio, kuma bayan ya kasa kashe shi, ya kori Dan Fodio da mabiyansa daga Degel. Dan Fodio yayi kira ta hanyar tara dangin Fulani a cikin rundunar [[jihadi]], ya fara [[Jihadin Danfodio|Yaƙin Fulani]] kuma daga ƙarshe ya kafa Khalifancin Sokoto. Duk da wasu nasarorin daga farko da sojojin Gobir da sauran jihohin kasar Hausa suka samu (musamman a [[Yaƙin Tsuntua]]), dan Fodio ya sami nasarar cinye yankin da ke kewaye da shi. Sojojinsa sun kwace babban birnin Gobir, [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1808, inda suka kashe Sarki Yunfa. Kuma Jihar ta shigo cikin Sokoto. === Fita === Sarkin '''Ali Dan Yakubu''' da '''Sarki Mayak'''i sun ci gaba da adawa da Jihadists a Arewa maso gabas. Tare da taimakon Sarkin [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] na ƙarshe wanda ya gina sabon babban birnin Gobir a [[Tibiri]], kilomita 10 daga arewacin [[Maradi]] a shekara ta 1836. &nbsp;Lokacin da Gobir Sultan ya tayar da mulkin [[Sokoto]] a wannan shekarar, [[Muhammadu Bello|Sokoto Sultan Muhammed Bello]] ya murkushe tawaye a [[Yakin Gawakuke|Yaƙin Gawakuke]] . A nan ne har yanzu [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] tsohuwar daular sarakunan Hausa na Gobir. Wani reshe mai hamayya na daular yana da wurin zama a [[Sabon Birni]] a arewacin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Sokoto Caliphate|last=Last|first=Murray|pages=74–5}}</ref> Tsohon Sarkin Gobir [[Muhammadu Bawa]] ya yi mulki a Sabon Birni daga shekara ta 1975 zuwa shekarar 2004. == Manazarta == === Bayani === {{Reflist}} === Bayanan littattafai === * "Usman dan Fodio. " ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', wanda aka samu a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2005. * F. Daniyel. "Shehu Ɗan Fodio". ''Jaridar Royal African Society'' 25.99 (Abril 1926): 278-283. * [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan. * [[Boubou Hama]] ''Tarihin Gobir da Sokoto.'' Kasancewar Afirka (Paris/Dakar), 1967. * [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html Jerin sarakunan Gobir] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070528000007/http://www.diafrica.org/nigeriaop/Vishigh/phd3.htm Igba Rumun Vishigh. Kiristanci da tsibirin a cikin DIALOGUE: Arewa maso yammacin NIGERIA, 1960-1990.] Jami'ar Jos, Najeriya (1997). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010737/http://www.yantaru.org/essentialshehu.pdf Muhammad Sharee. Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye"]. Cibiyar Musulunci - Nazarin Afirka (1999). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120227111409/http://nigerdiaspora.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3609:la-vie-dune-cour-de-chefferie-le-gobir-hier-et-aujourdhui&catid=16:soci&Itemid=66 Rayuwar fadar shugabanci: Gobir jiya da yau ]. Zeinabou Gaoh, ONEP Maradi, [[Le Sahel|Sahel]] (Niger). 30 ga Oktoba 2009. [[Category: Tarihin Najeriya]] 3cr67llhp790yhoub7o2hhplhyu2zi5 826742 826740 2026-04-26T18:59:29Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:The_States_of_the_Nigerian_Region_in_the_16th_century.png|thumb|313x313px|Gobir a karni na 16 Najeriya]][[File:The States of the Nigerian Region in the 19th Century.png|thumb]][[File:Advancing Stability in Northern Nigeria discussion with ten northern Nigerian governors on the frontlines of the country's most pressing challenges held by the United States Peace Institute on 23 April 2024 - 2.jpg|thumb|313×313p×]] '''Gobir''' (Demonym: ''Gobirawa'') birni ne dayake a cikin [[Najeriya]] . Wanda [[Hausawa|Hausa]] ne suka kafa ta a ƙarni na 11, '''Gobir''' na ɗaya daga cikin dauloli bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|Ƙasar Hausa]], kuma ta ci gaba da zama a ƙarƙashin mulkin Hausa kusan shekaru 700. Babban birninta shine garin [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]] . A farkon ƙarni na 19 wasu daga cikin daular da ke mulki sun gudu zuwa [[Arewa (Najeriya)|Arewa]] zuwa inda ake ƙira [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar a yanzu]] daga inda daular da ta yi hamayya ta ci gaba da mulki a matsayin Sarkin Gobir (''Sultan na Gobir'') a [[Tibiri]]. A shekara ta 1975 wani [[sarki]] na [[gargajiya]] ya sake zama a [[Sabon Birni]], [[Najeriya|Najeriya.]]<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == === Tarihin Farko === Gobir na ɗaya daga cikin masarautu Bakwai na asali na [[Hausa Bakwai|na Ƙasar Hausa]], wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[ƙarni]] na 11. Gidan Sarkin ya kasance a [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a arewa maso yammacin Kasar.<ref>Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.</ref> === Jihad na Fulani === [[File:Gobir man.jpg|thumb|Mutumin Gobir]] Gobir ana tunawa da shi musamman a matsayin babban abokin adawar mai da'awar [[Musulunci]] na [[Fulani]] [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Ɗan Fodio]]. Bawa, mai mulkin Gobir, ya bayyana ya gayyaci [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|dan Fodio]] zuwa yankin a cikin shekara ta 1774; Dan Fodio ya yi gidansa a cikin ƙaramin garin [[Degel]], kuma ya fara wa'azi. An ba Dan Fodio wani rawar da ya taka a cikin ilimin dan uwan Bawa kuma daga baya ya maye gurbinsa, [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] (r. 1803-8), amma kuma ya kai farmaki a fili ga abin da ya gani a matsayin cin zarafin ƙwararrun Hausa, musamman nauyin da suka sanya wa talakawa. Sarki [[Nafata]] (r. 1797-98) ya sauya manufofin haƙuri na Bawa, kuma ya ji tsoron karuwar makamai tsakanin mabiyan dan Fodio. Shugabannin biyu na gaba sun yi tsalle-tsalle tsakanin matakai masu cin gashin kansu da masu sassaucin ra'ayi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Meredith |first=Martin |url=http://archive.org/details/fortunesofafrica0000mere_b3d2 |title=The fortunes of Africa : a 5000-year history of wealth, greed, and endeavour |date=2014 |publisher=New York : Public Affairs |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-61039-459-8 |pages=164}}</ref> Lokacin da Yunfa ya hau kan mulki a shekarar 1803, nan da nan ya sami kansa cikin rikici da Ɗan Fodio, kuma bayan ya kasa kashe shi, ya kori Dan Fodio da mabiyansa daga Degel. Dan Fodio yayi kira ta hanyar tara dangin Fulani a cikin rundunar [[jihadi]], ya fara [[Jihadin Danfodio|Yaƙin Fulani]] kuma daga ƙarshe ya kafa Khalifancin Sokoto. Duk da wasu nasarorin daga farko da sojojin Gobir da sauran jihohin kasar Hausa suka samu (musamman a [[Yaƙin Tsuntua]]), dan Fodio ya sami nasarar cinye yankin da ke kewaye da shi. Sojojinsa sun kwace babban birnin Gobir, [[Alƙalawa|Alkalawa]], a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1808, inda suka kashe Sarki Yunfa. Kuma Jihar ta shigo cikin Sokoto. === Fita === Sarkin '''Ali Dan Yakubu''' da '''Sarki Mayak'''i sun ci gaba da adawa da Jihadists a Arewa maso gabas. Tare da taimakon Sarkin [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] na ƙarshe wanda ya gina sabon babban birnin Gobir a [[Tibiri]], kilomita 10 daga arewacin [[Maradi]] a shekara ta 1836. &nbsp;Lokacin da Gobir Sultan ya tayar da mulkin [[Sokoto]] a wannan shekarar, [[Muhammadu Bello|Sokoto Sultan Muhammed Bello]] ya murkushe tawaye a [[Yakin Gawakuke|Yaƙin Gawakuke]] . A nan ne har yanzu [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] tsohuwar daular sarakunan Hausa na Gobir. Wani reshe mai hamayya na daular yana da wurin zama a [[Sabon Birni]] a arewacin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Sokoto Caliphate|last=Last|first=Murray|pages=74–5}}</ref> Tsohon Sarkin Gobir [[Muhammadu Bawa]] ya yi mulki a Sabon Birni daga shekara ta 1975 zuwa shekarar 2004. == Manazarta == === Bayani === {{Reflist}} === Bayanan littattafai === * "Usman dan Fodio. " ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', wanda aka samu a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2005. * F. Daniyel. "Shehu Ɗan Fodio". ''Jaridar Royal African Society'' 25.99 (Abril 1926): 278-283. * [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan. * [[Boubou Hama]] ''Tarihin Gobir da Sokoto.'' Kasancewar Afirka (Paris/Dakar), 1967. * [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_native.html Jerin sarakunan Gobir] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070528000007/http://www.diafrica.org/nigeriaop/Vishigh/phd3.htm Igba Rumun Vishigh. Kiristanci da tsibirin a cikin DIALOGUE: Arewa maso yammacin NIGERIA, 1960-1990.] Jami'ar Jos, Najeriya (1997). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010737/http://www.yantaru.org/essentialshehu.pdf Muhammad Sharee. Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye"]. Cibiyar Musulunci - Nazarin Afirka (1999). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120227111409/http://nigerdiaspora.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3609:la-vie-dune-cour-de-chefferie-le-gobir-hier-et-aujourdhui&catid=16:soci&Itemid=66 Rayuwar fadar shugabanci: Gobir jiya da yau ]. Zeinabou Gaoh, ONEP Maradi, [[Le Sahel|Sahel]] (Niger). 30 ga Oktoba 2009. [[Category: Tarihin Najeriya]] 8vz89oi1q0moanywcd2q4fajbmhydsi 3 6214 826652 824429 2026-04-26T13:35:00Z ~2026-25442-87 44329 /* Itaciyyar zamani */ sabon sashe 826652 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa == Hi, Welcome on the Hausa Wikipedia. Sorry that this message is in English - we are very few editors here and most of us speak only basic/survival Hausa... so I'm very glad to see that someone who speaks fluently has just arrived. Wishing you a good time contributing to this project (please spread the news around you, since it needs more Hausa speakers!), --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:30, 12 Agusta 2017 (UTC) :Nagode [[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], Zanyi kokari in jawo mutane don mu inganta [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. :Thank you [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], I will try to draw more people to help develop this [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:47, 10 Satumba 2017 (UTC) ::Congratulations on your recent edits! I just wanted to ask if you had received my email from last week (there is a project in order to promote Wikipedia among Hausa speakers that I would like to talk you about), and if not, at which email address I could reach out to you. Thanks a lot, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:03, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) :::Thanks Don. I have received it, and I will reply you there –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:23, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) ::::I replied. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:48, 6 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) :Hello, iam jalamcy2023 by name iam also a participant of Wikipedia, I used to edits in wikis, so iam try to filled the data support form but it refuse to open for me I don't no what's wrong, and I need the data because I don't have money to buy, please I need your help, so that I should continue my work in Wikipedia, I really enjoyed working with you. Thanks [[User:Jalamcy2023|Jalamcy2023]] ([[User talk:Jalamcy2023|talk]]) 14:28, 12 Satumba 2023 (UTC) == Help == I am Hausa by tribe,and I am interested to start editing and creating some page need ur help don Camilo and ammar,sorry nt gud in speaking English. [[User:Slmdbr|Slmdbr]] ([[User talk:Slmdbr|talk]]) 15:20, 21 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) ==Translation of three sentences== Dear Ammarpad, I hope this finds you well. [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] posted this request on my talk page, but sadly my Hausa is too weak to translate it correctly. Maybe you will be able to help him? Thanks a lot, kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 12:29, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) We are working on an offline distribution system for Wikipedia in Nigeria. Am needing help with the translation of the three sentences '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Internet-in-a-Box/Nigeria#Hausa here]'''. Wondering if you can help. Thanks [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 11:48, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) *@Doc James and DonCamillo. I have translated it. I will also send someone to translate the Igbo, if no one did. Thank you all. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 00:01, 15 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) :Thanks a lot! :) --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC) == Facebook page == Dear Ammar, Just to mention that I have just created a Facebook page regarding the Hausa Wikipedia, in order to get more interest from Hausa-speaking people: you're welcome if you want to like it or share it with your friends: [https://www.facebook.com/HausaWikipedia/ Hausa Wikipedia] Thanks a lot, Kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC) :Thanks a lot. I have seen it, will share too. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:48, 8 Maris 2018 (UTC) == Neman Admin == Barka dai Mr.Ammarpad, Ina da matukar sha'awa sosai na taimaka a wannan shafin na hausa Wikipedia. Ni Bahaushe ne kuma ina gane Turanci, na fassara makaloli da dama daga Turanci Zuwa Hausa sabo da haka ne nake nema wannan shafin ya bani Admin domin karin tallafawa sosai. Nagode [[Abubakar A Gwanki]] :[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]] Naji dadin kasancewar ka bahaushe anan. Kasan babu Hausawa da yawa da zamu gina shi. Amma akwai shirye-shiryen da akeyi na farfado da it's. A wane gari kake zaune? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:27, 11 Mayu 2018 (UTC) ::Mr.Ammarpad ina zaune ne a kauyen [[Gwanki]] na karamar hukumar [[Bagwai]] a jihar [[Kano]] Najeriya. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]]. :::OK, da kwai shirin taro na musamman da ake fatan yi a Kano domin fadada wannan Wikipedia da kuma sawa dalibai suyi rubuta a nan, zan nemeka in sha Allah. Kuma idan ka gama rubuta bayani a shafin tattaunawa (kamar nan da muke magana) kawai ka rubuta (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) guda hudu, banda bracket din, to zaka ga sunan ka, da kwanan wata, ya fito da kanshi. Kamar yadda zaka ga nawa a kasa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:05, 12 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == [[AuwalAzare]] == This page can be deleted (again), apparently. [[User:PlyrStar93|PlyrStar93]] ([[User talk:PlyrStar93|talk]]) 04:16, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :[[User:PlyrStar93|PlyStar93]]. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 04:47, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == Auwal Azare == Barla dai malam Ammarpad, Wanda ya kirkiri wannan makalar ta '''Auwal Azare''' ya tubtubeni game da yadda za'ayi unblocking nashi. Idan da yadda za'ayi to a taimaka. Nagode AAgwanki 16:16, 19 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Gwanki]] Bani na yi blocking din shi ba. Daga can babban shafin [[Special:CentralAuth/Auwall|Meta da Wikifidiya ta Truranci]] akayi blocking din shi. Sannn '''ka daina kirkirar article akan shi''', ci gaba da yin hakan za iya ja yayi blocking dinka. Wikipedia ba wurin talla bane, kuma ba kowa ake rubuta ma tarihi ba sai sannanun mutane na hakika irin yan siyasa da makamantansu. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:30, 21 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == help == Please how to add reference and make template on Hausa articles. It's hard to me. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 07:39, 22 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]]: Yanzu babu template din anan sai an dauko su daga Wikipedia ta turanci. Amma idan kana son ka fiddo reference kawai kasa '''<nowiki><ref> .......</ref> </nowiki>''' a karshen bayanin zaka ga reference din ya fito a kasa kamar haka (<ref>misali</ref>). Inda ka ga nasa dash (....) sai ka sa link din bayanin wato kamar BBC Hausa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:54, 25 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == Databox == Hi Ammar, Well done on the translation of technical messages, I had started this a long time ago but you are way better than me at this! By the way, I have started to translate Wikidata properties into Hausa. This can be useful because since recently there is a new tool called Databox: it allows, with very simple code, to have an infobox with a lot of useful information on many articles: I have created [[Napoleon]] to give an example. As you can see all the properties are not translated yet into Hausa. It can enable us to create thousands of stubs here on the Hausa Wikipedia (or just add an infobox to the existing articles). I have put some on [[User:DonCamillo|my userpage]], you can translate them here if you want, or translate them directly on Wikidata if you are familiar with the "labels" system. Have a great day! Best regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 06:11, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC) :You're welcome {{@|DonCamillo}}, I will look into them and do the appropriate thing. By the way, I am working on new, more intuitive [[Wikipedia:Sabon babban shafi|main page here]], you can have a look and tweak as deem fit. You'll find some templates like [[Template:Articles needed|this]] and [[Template:Invite|this]] are transcluded, so they can be edited independent of main page. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 19:12, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC) == Reason for deletion of the article Abubakar A Gwanki == I have created many articles here in Hausa language Wikipedia, I didn't see anyone deleted but only one article of "Abubakar A Gwanki" why is being deleted? Nasan Dai dukkan makalolin da na kirkira shima kamar sauran ne amma kuma sai shi kadai ne naga ka goge shi. __ [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 17:14, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC) :{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} Ina so in tabbatar ma abun da kake yi a Hausa Wikipedia kana kokari, kuma ina fatan ka ida fahimtar ta baki daya. Na dauki number wayarka zan neme ka mu tattauna abubuwa da dama. Amma ka daina kirkirar mukala akanka ko wani abokinka. Mukalar insakulofidiya ana rubuta ta ne kawai akan mutane fitatattu na gaskiya. Shiya sa kaga aka goge [[:en:Abubakar A Gwanki|abunda ka rubuta a Wikipedia ta turanci]]. Na gode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:38, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC) == Translation request == Hello! May I ask you for a translation of the phrase '''Automatic refresh''' into {{#language:ha}}? Thanks [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 18:23, 20 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) :Will do that on translatewiki –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:05, 26 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) ::It is not a MediaWiki message; just my own request. [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 19:43, 27 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) == Neman taimako Daga Abdulmalik mansur sharif == Assalamu alaikum Ammarpad, Sunana abdulmalik mansur sharif a garin kano nake ni dalibi ne maison bincike, karance-karance da kuma rubutu musamman sanin tarihi dan Allah inaso a bani dama kuma asakani a hanya nayi wasu rubutun ta yadda zan anfanar da al'ummar hausawa, nadanyi wani Karin bayani akan tarihi Michael Jackson zaku iya dubawa Ku gani Dan Allah. Ina data zaku taimakeni. :Sannu da zuwa {{@|Ameer Maleek}} na duba gyaran da kayi kuma nayi farin ciki. A halin yanzu da kwai hausawa yan kadan a shafin, ina fatan zaka ci gaba da ziyartar shi lokaci lokaci. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:56, 7 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) == Godiya == Na gode in Allah ya yarda zanci gaba da bada gudun mowa Dari bisa dari kuma Dan idan kuna da wata kungiya inaso nazama member saboda na kara kwarewa Na kuma samu Karin ilimi da kuma hanyar da zan inganta rubuce rubuce Na. Na gode :{{@|Ameer Maleek}} OK, ka ban numbarka ta waya, zan neme ka. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 13 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) aslm wai wannan malamin yana ina azaune Lamba: 08160956607 Gari: kano Nigeria == [[Kira]] == Hi Ammarpad, sorry for writing in English. An IP has blanked the page above, do you think it was correct? If it was we can delete it. Regards [[User:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[User talk:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 05:58, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC) :Hi {{@|DARIO SEVERI}} I have restored it and will develop it very soon. It is useful stub about [[:en:Blacsmith|Blacksmithing]]. Thank you. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 06:39, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC) == David oyedepo == Wanene crista == WAM 2018 == Salam Ammarpad, Bansan ko zaka shiga cikin wannan gasar ba, amma idan kanada sha'awa zaka iya shiga, ka duba Karin bayani anan [[Wikipedia:Watan Yan'Asiya]]. Nagode. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 21:24, 8 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC) == Hausa Wikimedians User Group == Hello! [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] I would like to let you know that I have started our Hausa editors community user group [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] in order to have a connected and collaborative working environment, that would serve as a primary place for co-ordinating of activities that would support us all in our editing and order related endeavors to improve and make quality contents of the Wikimedia projects. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 12:39, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) :Thanks {{@|The Living love}}, I will take a look. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:26, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) Hello {{@|Ammarpad}}, I'm sorry for contacting you here lately but I've sent you a message through WhatsApp earlier. I've spoken with {{@|DonCamillo}} regarding the application for recognition of our UG Hausa Wikimedians as I earlier told you about, and he's given 100% support for it. I hope to hear from you after seeing my messages. Thanks [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:32, 8 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) :Hello [[user:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], as I told you, the [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] is already on recognition process with the affiliation Committee of the '''WMF''', but the changes you've made just recently has changed everything in the application form we sent, and this has affected the mission which is very crucial. Please let us adhere to the previous name and design of the group. I would also start a discussion on the home page of the project on how we can select boards and audit committee for the group. As founding members I, you and [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]]'s email were all sent to the AffCom committee and I hope they would certainly contact you. If permitted I can undo all the changes or you do it yourself, and if otherwise please let me know. Thanks -[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 02:55, 13 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) ::Zanyi reply ta WhatsApp. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:35, 14 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) :Slm [[user:Ammarpad|Ammar]] na maka magana ta whatsapp da email, dangane da message din da AffCom suka dawo dashi. Yanzu bansan me zaka ce ba.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:28, 7 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) ::Nayi reply. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:49, 8 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) == Moustapha == Hakananna sai nayi nazari == I-mel == Sannu! Na turo maka sakon I-mel. Na gode. [[User:Engr Muhammad Khamis|Engr Muhammad Khamis]] ([[User talk:Engr Muhammad Khamis|talk]]) 09:11, 10 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) narda == Gyara == Barka da rana! Ina son Na ankarar da admins wata matsala da na gano ta a wannan shafin. Matsalar kuwa itace mu masu amfani da wayoyi wajen editing wannan shafin baya bude mana a Babban Shafi (desktop version), Idan da mai yiwuwa to a gyara. - [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 11:56, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) :{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} OK, ina ganin wannan haka site din yake ne. Yanzu kaga nima ina kan wayar hannu ne, in kana son komawa desktop version, saidai ka latsa "Babban shafi" da kanka, zaka ga wurin a can kasan kowane shafi. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:08, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) == gidanhaki == Gidanhaki dai shiya ce mai din bin tarifi ta kafune tun da zuwan shehu uthaman bin fodiyo allah shi yarda dashi izuwa kawo yanzu sai dai karin suna datakeyi a sassa daban daban da fannin muhammad sani gidanhaki Slm ammarpad dan allah inaso na kirkiri shafuka na hausa Assalam == Kwankwaso,s wife == Kwankwaso,s wife == Various requests == Hello, Could you please: *Replace the [[MediaWiki:Common.css|Hausa wiki css]] with the [[:en:MediaWiki:Common.css|english wiki css]]. It fixes, amongst others, the position of the infoboxes. *Delete these two pages: [[Template:Wikibase]], [[Module:Wikibase]]. *Edit these localization pages (Just modify the values on the right hand side): **[[Template:Infobox biography/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/basketball/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/football/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/tennis/localize]]. Thanks. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 18:23, 15 Mayu 2019 (UTC) == Alijos A Shehu == Sunan DUNiYA == Ibrahim kabiru gagarawa == Ina Neman yadda zan bude account na Wikipedia :{{@| 197.210.47.39}} Ka shiga [[Special:CreateAccount]]. Ko kuma ka tura man sunanka da email ta email dina <code>ammar@wikimedia.org.ng</code>. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:04, 13 ga Yuni, 2019 (UTC) == Muhamadu == Salm YA AKEBUDE EMAIL == yusuf == Ibrahim == sa idu musa == riji yan gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu kano == sa idu musa rijiya gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu IP == Yayi daidai kobaiyiba awayar mindakai == 88465702 == Kaka ari == layisantara == lawal ninazauna awurare dabandaba naungowa natashi dagabayan garin daura sunwajan gari shadam bu == Aslm barkan'mu da warhaka ina mana patan alkhairi baki daya yan uwana musilmai == Ina godiya ga allah daya bamu damar yadda damu kasance atare da juna == babani == 112202 == Translation == I want to know if I can translate a Wikipedia article from 'English Wikipedia' to 'Hausa Wikipedia'. If yes, I want to know more about it. Thanks. == ibraheem Adamu gumel jigawa state == barkanku DA fatan kuna lafeeya I want be among members of this organization wannni yafara shugaban kasa a nejire == Neman taimako == Barkanku da aiki, ni sunana ABDULMALIK MANSUR ina zaune a garin kano nayi rijista da wannan shafi ne domin nima na bada gudunmowa. Dan Allah ina bukatar shawarwarinku da kuma taimakon ku na gode. Godiya [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 17:25, 13 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC) :Yawwa {{@|Maliky}} Barka da zuwa, kamar dame dame kake bukatar ka sani? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:31, 16 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC) Kamar yadda ake yin table da kuma saka hoto. [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 11:41, 14 Satumba 2020 (UTC) == Muhammad Huwaidahu sufi == Facebook Wkslm lafiya kalau == 0852 == Aa == Aliyu iliyasu dangada == Nima inaso nabada gudummawa sosai Dan kara bunkasa yaren hausa innasamu damar hakan dukda ba sosai nake fashintar turanciba amma ina ganeshi misali wasu kalmomi da zamuso agyagygyara kuma muna munna da akasamar da wannan shafin muna jinjina maka matuka very good, [[Special:Contributions/105.112.25.48|105.112.25.48]] 10:00, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) :Yawwa yayi kyau, kuma muna maraba daku. Zaka iya shiga group dinmu na WhatsApp domin ci gaba da tattaunawa da kuma sanin shirye shiryen mu. Kuma ya kamata ka [[Special:CreateAccount|kirkiri sabon account]] don ka samu username na dindindin. Kana iya sake tambaya na idan kana neman karin bayani. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:09, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == ismail == Labaran duniya == Abdullahi dahiru odo ogun == Barkan muda warhaka! :Yawwa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 11:58, 31 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) == na kirkira mukala == Ya zan sanya reference ::Ka duba shafinka na tattaunawa na anyi maka bayanin hakan. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:08, 16 ga Faburairu, 2021 (UTC) == From == Ghy == J k musa yaro == Son annabi shine so har abada shine son da mutum zai rika ya amfanar dashi duniya da lahira Allah kasa mudace allah kasamu cekinyan tatu bayin ka Asslm dan Allah ina da tambaya idan kana kusa == mansir isah == unguwar.magaji. kakngi.giwa.area.Kaduna.state Crawle == aminuidris0808811 == aminuiris == Auwal dalladi kargi == An haifi auwal a ranar 01/06/2000 == Databox == Asslm. Ammar ya ake sanya databox. Na yi translation na [[Jami'ar Jos]] amman daga baya naga '''Uncle bash''' ya saka databox. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 08:38, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) :@[[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]], Za ka rubuta <nowiki>{{databox}}</nowiki> ne a farkon article din. Har da brackets (braces) din. Daga nan zaka ga information din ya fito. A wani article din kuma ba zaka gani ba, amma duk daya ne. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:04, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], na saka ma [[Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna]] yayi. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 16:34, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) ==Neman shawara== Masha Allah Gaskiya naji dadi sosai kasancewar ansamu mai kula da page na Wikipedia da Hausa hakan ba qaramin cigaba ne ba ace Yaren Hausa yasamu irin wannan daukaka ta hanyar Mr.Ammarpad. Mr. Ammarpad ina jinjina a gareka,Allah yaqara daukaka,yayimaka jagora adukan lamurranka. A qarshe ina neman shawarar ka akan yadda za,ayi nabudawa garina Salame Wikipedia,Kasancewar Salame tsohon garine mai dinbin tarihi a daular Usmaniyya Wanda shine mahaifar Sheik Abdulqadir bn Mustafa alturud Salame. Daga Kabiru Aliyu Salame,Gwadabawa local government,Sokoto state,Nigeria. [[User:Kabir salame|Kabir salame]] ([[User talk:Kabir salame|talk]]) 18:54, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) :Barka da zuwa Malam Kabir, muna farin ciki da zuwanka. :Ka duba tutorial din mu: [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]] akwai bayani sosae akan yadda zaka yi gyara da ƙirƙira sabbin muƙaloli a Wikipedia. :Akwai kuma bayani na musamman a wannan shafin shima: [[Wikipedia:Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 14 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) <u>ja layi</u> COMMUNIYT SYSTERM ALL THE USE VALU TRY [[Special:Contributions/197.210.70.246|197.210.70.246]] 23:09, 7 Disamba 2022 (UTC) == Jami u lawal == Allah yajikan zulaihatu == Databox == Barka da safe, Ammar, Ina fata kana lafiya. Congratulations on the work you are doing to add "databox" to articles where it was missing! I have been doing that manually for a long time but you have very clearly found a faster way to do it. :) Could you tell me which tool you are using? Nagode sosai, –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 07:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) :Barka da yau {{@|DonCamillo|p=}} and sannu da ƙoƙari. Yes yana da wahala manually and can be quite slow. Ina amfani ne da custom PHP code ta hanyar [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=help&modules=edit module na editing], ba tool bane dake a kan wiki ba. Nagode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) == Saifillahi Abdullahi mlf == Kaura ne katsina SANI ABAKAR S D P SOKOTO WAMAKKO LG RUGGAR MONDE AR == Abia == Anyinasarar kama dantaaddaa'ngelzarma'jihar yobe karamunhukumar fune == ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA == ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA == FUNAKAA == FUNAKAA agaskiya inada tambaya to kamar ita wannan kasar ta jamhoriyar nijar wane laifine muhammadu bazoum yake dashi har sukan yimasa juyi mulki == Gaisuwa == Na gode kwarai,muna alfahari daku wurin nuna kulawa akan mu, Godiya nake [[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]] ([[User talk:El-Abdallaah|talk]]) 07:59, 31 ga Augusta, 2023 (UTC) :Nagode, @[[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]]. Barka da ƙoƙari. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:53, 1 Satumba 2023 (UTC) == Usman abubakar == Ita rayuwa wace abace da Allah madau kakin sarki yatsa ramana ita == ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar == Ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar [[Special:Contributions/105.112.235.123|105.112.235.123]] 15:56, 9 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == maganin daji == maganin daji [[Special:Contributions/2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6|2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6]] 20:01, 19 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == Ali musa == An haife shi Chida ga watan Oktoba 1986 cikin@ gari gidan kube @ dake jahar maradi [[Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism]] [[Special:Contributions/41.254.48.53|41.254.48.53]] 21:45, 24 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == Rigar kusa == "Rigar kusa" kauye ne dake karamar hukumar musawa katsina state. Rigar kusa kauye ne mai dauke dauke da yawa matasa da kuma dattawa masana sunce rigar kusa tsohon gari ne. Rigarkusa kauyika da dama yahada da yar kiya,sabongida slow,bambama da sauransu. Tana wutar nantarki da asibiti da makaranta primary da nasury. == Ghana Boy 055 == Chapiou @ [[Special:Contributions/154.160.9.24|154.160.9.24]] 12:09, 21 ga Maris, 2024 (UTC) == ALIYO == BORNO == Namespaces == Hi! You [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3A%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&diff=213527&oldid=181184 emptied] the page "Wikipedia:Ƙofan al'umma" some time ago. There was a section I added there with a question about namespace names. It can be seen here in an old revision: [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&oldid=181178#Namespaces You know the Hausa language, and you are also very experienced with MediaWiki. Can you please check the table and tell me whether the proposed names are good? Thanks! [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 18:30, 11 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC) :I made a new section about this here: [[Wikipedia:Kofan al'umma#Namespace name translations]]. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 20:01, 12 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC) == Shehu gibirima == Shehu gibirima [[Musamman:Contributions/102.91.4.40|102.91.4.40]] 19:03, 24 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) == Salisu garba == Assalamu alaikum inason tan baya kozan shiwaka tana da sinada rin ciwon tayi pot == Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru == Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru [[Musamman:Contributions/105.112.117.72|105.112.117.72]] 13:47, 28 ga Augusta, 2024 (UTC) == ABDULRAHMAN HARUNA == KADUNA == Bbca == A == HAUSA RIGAR SILKE == DUK WANI ABU DA YA SHAFI INGANTA HARSHEN HAUSA DA HAƁAKATA [[User:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU]] ([[User talk:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|talk]]) 15:05, 2 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC) == shaaibu == JIGAWA == SHEHU USMANU == GADA BUNGUDU ZAMFARA NIGERIA == AmmarBot for Swahili Wikipedia == Hello brother, I hope you are doing great after the series of sessions at Wikimania. I also hope you've returned safely to your home country. I was just asking about the bot issue which I shared with you back in Nairobi. Any progress so far? [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 12:36, 15 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :Hello @[[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]], I am fine. I hope you reached home safely too. :I have set up the code now, I just need the translated text. Please share the welcome text. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:22, 16 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) ::Hello back @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]. I have replied to the email. [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 17:46, 17 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == 7 == uyt [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2025-29458-90|&#126;2025-29458-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2025-29458-90|talk]]) 17:51, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Taba nono na mace == Lawan abdulhamid == Lawan abdulhamid kano MIYzansa == Nakasa yin rijista == Nakasa yin rajista miyasane == SLM == SLM == Isma.il.abdul.yar.runfa == 08142754552 Aslm da farko sunana Abdul'aziz Anas ni ina yankin malumfashi ne '''mazaunin yakinkin karamar hukumar malumfashi garin YABA taken wanna rubutu da nakeyi shine ina da burin naga na wallafar da wani littafi Wanda na rubuta na da mashi suna rayuwar mu a yau .Wannan shine taken Wannan rubutu''' [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-11554-74|&#126;2026-11554-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-11554-74|talk]]) 13:02, 21 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji == suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-11940-32|&#126;2026-11940-32]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-11940-32|talk]]) 22:34, 22 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Dodik == imomaliyev [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12770-62|&#126;2026-12770-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12770-62|talk]]) 13:18, 26 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Fulani daneji == danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12974-74|&#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:35, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Tarihin fulani daneji == danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12974-74|&#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:36, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == NURA FADA MUHAMMED == assalama alaikum waramatullah ta alawabar katuhum dafar kodai sunana NURA FADA MUHAMMED MUBI kemikagai suwaga shugabannin kasarmu najeriya dakuma sauran gomnonin jahohin dake afadin najeriya tareda rokon allah subahanahu wata alamadaukakin yabawa shugaban kasar nigeria nisan kona da yawan nasarar wajenganin anshimma wannan zaben dayatinkaromu nashekara ta 2027 alfarman annabi tareda rokonku dan allah dan annabin allah idon allah yasa wanan sakon taje indanake keutata zato taje todan allah kuyikokarin nemoni a number tawa don da sauran bayanin ne al,umar najeriya 07025450283, inajiranku == inason zuwa gambiya == neman aure zasu bani [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-13669-78|&#126;2026-13669-78]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-13669-78|talk]]) 02:28, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Nazifi == yes [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-13801-80|&#126;2026-13801-80]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-13801-80|talk]]) 16:48, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Usmanisah01234@gmail.com == Usmanu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14055-73|&#126;2026-14055-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14055-73|talk]]) 20:11, 4 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == AISHA ABDULLAHI == assalama alaikum mutanen wikipedia hausa == Abdul Aziz == Ssdf [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14413-94|&#126;2026-14413-94]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14413-94|talk]]) 07:21, 6 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == YAHAYA MUSA == 6/3/2026 Ni atemakeni bandasanaa == Isah Abubakar == kaduna steste nigeria inaneman temaku kudi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14783-76|&#126;2026-14783-76]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14783-76|talk]]) 05:47, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Help == Please help me improve [[Gaza genocide|this]] article I recently created; my Hausa language skills are poor. Also, please add [[:en:Gaza_genocide|this]] article to the Hausa Wikipedia as it is important. Thank you. [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 15:48, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah == Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14911-34|&#126;2026-14911-34]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14911-34|talk]]) 18:45, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == INASONASHIGA == WALLAHI == Alkasim == alkasim [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15496-73|&#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:39, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Alkasim == alkasim [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15496-73|&#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:40, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) Jahan dosso partama nawa ne Garett [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15494-30|&#126;2026-15494-30]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15494-30|talk]]) 23:24, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Auwalu mansur gaya == A garin gaya na bada tallafin Ramadan a Kofar gidan Sarkin garin Wanda ya hada da shinkafa da wake da ruwan Leda da lemon fata == Block review == Hi! Could I ask for your review of the block on [[Musamman:Contributions/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] placed by a global sysop roughly a year ago? If you do not think their contributions necessitate it, I'd recommend removing the block. The short version on my end is that [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] created a new account, [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu mc|Adamu mc]], after their account was blocked and subsequently locked. I identified this yesterday and globally blocked the new account. However, reviewing their edits, I don't think they're actually connected to AhmedMustafaaaa. If their contributions to this wiki do not warrant a block, removing their previous account's block would be useful. Thanks for your time, and let me know if I should send this request elsewhere. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 18:40, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]], I am not very familiar with this user, but from looking at the accounts involved, I agree they are the least likely to be AhmedMustafaaaa. Although [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] appears to be independently blocked on Wikidata and MediaWiki.org for unrelated reasons, their actions here on this wiki are quite acceptable and do not warrant a block. :I am fine with removing the block from the older account. However, it is worth noting that they created Adamu_ab about a month before the first account was blocked. They then immediately switched to the second account on the day the first was blocked. They need to stick to a single account and appeal blocks from there. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:33, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]: Indeed - part of a global unblock for them would be a commitment to using a single account, and the old account will likely remain locked. Thanks for looking into this. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 14:49, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Jimi boi gk == Washer boi == (Ibrahim bako) == Bissimillahi rahamani rahim == Zanshuga == masha Allah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-17709-67|&#126;2026-17709-67]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-17709-67|talk]]) 20:02, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-17806-26|&#126;2026-17806-26]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-17806-26|talk]]) 22:04, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == I need to edit == yusuf bin shaik [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-18422-17|&#126;2026-18422-17]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-18422-17|talk]]) 01:37, 25 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Dari daya == Litafi dari daya == Gali == Gufanar da mal. Nasir el rufa'i a gabar kotu == ALI ISA JC NAWA == CHAM == Sai anjima == sai anjima [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-19045-00|&#126;2026-19045-00]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-19045-00|talk]]) 11:00, 27 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == xxwxx == pap pu wwxx [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-19636-09|&#126;2026-19636-09]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-19636-09|talk]]) 18:16, 29 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Masaudu == Ina son koyon NAHAWU [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20180-81|&#126;2026-20180-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20180-81|talk]]) 10:05, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Ina bukatar taimakonku == Ina bukatar taimakonku [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20156-98|&#126;2026-20156-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20156-98|talk]]) 12:50, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Menene amfanin na'a na'a. == Menene amfanin na'a na'a. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20503-90|&#126;2026-20503-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20503-90|talk]]) 01:46, 3 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Learning physics topics == Explain why ph [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20678-19|&#126;2026-20678-19]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20678-19|talk]]) 08:30, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == ١٢٣٤٥ == روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20875-04|&#126;2026-20875-04]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20875-04|talk]]) 15:56, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Chrome == روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20860-61|&#126;2026-20860-61]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20860-61|talk]]) 16:09, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Inason shiga kasara == yanada sauki kokuma yabinyake Kuma yakudian kasar suke [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21619-45|&#126;2026-21619-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21619-45|talk]]) 15:43, 7 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Fty == Fg [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21613-47|&#126;2026-21613-47]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21613-47|talk]]) 04:11, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alikirashi45 == alikirashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21759-98|&#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:05, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alikirashi45 == alikirashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21759-98|&#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:06, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Jibril auwal hamza == Inaso Na goge asusuna Na access bank Nada Wani asusuna Yaya zanyi domin Yin hakan == Usseni. Ibbirashim == 08133144879 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23155-49|&#126;2026-23155-49]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23155-49|talk]]) 14:59, 14 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Correction == The image of the statue, is not of Tullio Moneta but that of his Uncle/Great uncle, Ernesto Theodore Moneta. Tullio lived in Johannesburg, South Africa, not Durban. Mike Hoare lived in the Durban area. Wikipedia is a popular site as a source of credible information. Please be certain of facts before posting information on people. Thank you. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23654-39|&#126;2026-23654-39]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23654-39|talk]]) 17:00, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Ahmad Rufai == Ahmad Rufai [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23571-21|&#126;2026-23571-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23571-21|talk]]) 23:36, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Sutura == Sutura [[User:Ahamad roufaï|Ahamad roufaï]] ([[User talk:Ahamad roufaï|talk]]) 23:44, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-24499-81|&#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:23, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Misali kasa ko bishyu haka == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-24499-81|&#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:24, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alhamdu lillah == masha Allah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-24815-45|&#126;2026-24815-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-24815-45|talk]]) 16:13, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Itaciyyar zamani == shin tayaya Zan Iya gabatar Da darasi Mai Anfani a wannan gida Dan cigaban Al,umma GABA daya . Zan so in Samu damar Hakan in sha Allah. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-25442-87|&#126;2026-25442-87]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-25442-87|talk]]) 13:35, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) jwaj8236ahfmiioipxgvey6zjsgkw9d 0 7195 826704 524309 2026-04-26T17:06:32Z Usmanmaifada 20279 826704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} [[File:National RANGER-505 1970s small-sized black-and-white television set.jpg|thumb|hoton mutum ya bayyana a cikin talabijin]] [[File:Early portable tv.jpg|thumb|Hoton tv]] '''Talabijin''' ita ce na'urar kallon hoton bidiyo. [[File:RCA 630-TS Television.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton talabijin ta farko da aka fara saidawa a kasuwa a shekarun 1946–1947]] Talabijin (TV) hanyar sadarwa ce don watsa hotuna da sauti masu motsi. Bugu da ƙari, kalmar na iya nufin saitin talabijin na zahiri maimakon matsakaicin watsawa. Talabijin babbar hanya ce ta talla, nishaɗi, [[labarai]], da wasanni. Matsakaicin yana da ikon fiye da "watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo," wanda ke nufin siginar sauti da aka aika zuwa masu karɓar rediyo. Masu karɓar talabijin mai fa'ida a kan nuni don siyarwa a kantin sayar da kayan lantarki a cikin 2008 Talabijin ya zama samuwa a cikin nau'ikan gwaji na ɗanyen aiki a cikin 1920s, amma bayan shekaru da yawa na ci gaba da haɓaka sabuwar fasaha ta kasuwa ga masu amfani. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ingantaccen tsarin watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na baki da fari ya zama sananne a Burtaniya da Amurka, kuma shirye-shiryen talabijin sun zama ruwan dare a gidaje, kasuwanci, da cibiyoyi. A cikin shekarun 1950, talabijin ita ce hanya ta farko don rinjayar ra'ayin jama'a.[1] A tsakiyar 1960s, an gabatar da watsa shirye-shiryen launi a cikin Amurka da yawancin sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa. ==Manazarta== https://books.google.com/books?id=7c0ycySng4YC&pg=PA53 https://web.archive.org/web/20150428042640/http://www.tvtechnology.com/opinions/0087/the-state-of-television-worldwide/222681 r8xti1h1u9mimtdoq4p80z0xhzc33x4 826705 826704 2026-04-26T17:06:54Z Usmanmaifada 20279 826705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} [[File:National RANGER-505 1970s small-sized black-and-white television set.jpg|thumb|hoton mutum ya bayyana a cikin talabijin]] [[File:Early portable tv.jpg|thumb|Hoton tv]] '''Talabijin''' ita ce na'urar kallon hoton bidiyo. [[File:RCA 630-TS Television.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton talabijin ta farko da aka fara saidawa a kasuwa a shekarun 1946–1947]] Talabijin (TV) hanyar [[sadarwa]] ce don watsa hotuna da sauti masu motsi. Bugu da ƙari, kalmar na iya nufin saitin talabijin na zahiri maimakon matsakaicin watsawa. Talabijin babbar hanya ce ta talla, nishaɗi, [[labarai]], da wasanni. Matsakaicin yana da ikon fiye da "watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo," wanda ke nufin siginar sauti da aka aika zuwa masu karɓar rediyo. Masu karɓar talabijin mai fa'ida a kan nuni don siyarwa a kantin sayar da kayan lantarki a cikin 2008 Talabijin ya zama samuwa a cikin nau'ikan gwaji na ɗanyen aiki a cikin 1920s, amma bayan shekaru da yawa na ci gaba da haɓaka sabuwar fasaha ta kasuwa ga masu amfani. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ingantaccen tsarin watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na baki da fari ya zama sananne a Burtaniya da Amurka, kuma shirye-shiryen talabijin sun zama ruwan dare a gidaje, kasuwanci, da cibiyoyi. A cikin shekarun 1950, talabijin ita ce hanya ta farko don rinjayar ra'ayin jama'a.[1] A tsakiyar 1960s, an gabatar da watsa shirye-shiryen launi a cikin Amurka da yawancin sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa. ==Manazarta== https://books.google.com/books?id=7c0ycySng4YC&pg=PA53 https://web.archive.org/web/20150428042640/http://www.tvtechnology.com/opinions/0087/the-state-of-television-worldwide/222681 rqp4g04rpccbjgy21kz2m92bbqs89yj 826706 826705 2026-04-26T17:07:19Z Usmanmaifada 20279 826706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} [[File:National RANGER-505 1970s small-sized black-and-white television set.jpg|thumb|hoton mutum ya bayyana a cikin talabijin]] [[File:Early portable tv.jpg|thumb|Hoton tv]] '''Talabijin''' ita ce na'urar kallon hoton bidiyo. [[File:RCA 630-TS Television.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton talabijin ta farko da aka fara saidawa a kasuwa a shekarun 1946–1947]] Talabijin (TV) hanyar [[sadarwa]] ce don watsa hotuna da sauti masu motsi. Bugu da ƙari, kalmar na iya nufin saitin talabijin na zahiri maimakon matsakaicin watsawa. Talabijin babbar hanya ce ta talla, nishaɗi, [[labarai]], da wasanni. Matsakaicin yana da ikon fiye da "watsa shirye-shiryen [[rediyo]]," wanda ke nufin siginar sauti da aka aika zuwa masu karɓar rediyo. Masu karɓar talabijin mai fa'ida a kan nuni don siyarwa a kantin sayar da kayan lantarki a cikin 2008 Talabijin ya zama samuwa a cikin nau'ikan gwaji na ɗanyen aiki a cikin 1920s, amma bayan shekaru da yawa na ci gaba da haɓaka sabuwar fasaha ta kasuwa ga masu amfani. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ingantaccen tsarin watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na baki da fari ya zama sananne a Burtaniya da Amurka, kuma shirye-shiryen talabijin sun zama ruwan dare a gidaje, kasuwanci, da cibiyoyi. A cikin shekarun 1950, talabijin ita ce hanya ta farko don rinjayar ra'ayin jama'a.[1] A tsakiyar 1960s, an gabatar da watsa shirye-shiryen launi a cikin Amurka da yawancin sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa. ==Manazarta== https://books.google.com/books?id=7c0ycySng4YC&pg=PA53 https://web.archive.org/web/20150428042640/http://www.tvtechnology.com/opinions/0087/the-state-of-television-worldwide/222681 s49wtvsg5un84ugfn9zjtrd67qq4n0o 826708 826706 2026-04-26T17:07:53Z Usmanmaifada 20279 826708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} [[File:National RANGER-505 1970s small-sized black-and-white television set.jpg|thumb|hoton mutum ya bayyana a cikin talabijin]] [[File:Early portable tv.jpg|thumb|Hoton tv]] '''Talabijin''' ita ce na'urar kallon hoton bidiyo. [[File:RCA 630-TS Television.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton talabijin ta farko da aka fara saidawa a kasuwa a shekarun 1946–1947]] Talabijin (TV) hanyar [[sadarwa]] ce don watsa hotuna da sauti masu motsi. Bugu da ƙari, kalmar na iya nufin saitin talabijin na zahiri maimakon matsakaicin watsawa. Talabijin babbar hanya ce ta talla, [[nishaɗi]], [[labarai]], da wasanni. Matsakaicin yana da ikon fiye da "watsa shirye-shiryen [[rediyo]]," wanda ke nufin siginar sauti da aka aika zuwa masu karɓar rediyo. Masu karɓar talabijin mai fa'ida a kan nuni don siyarwa a kantin sayar da kayan lantarki a cikin 2008 Talabijin ya zama samuwa a cikin nau'ikan gwaji na ɗanyen aiki a cikin 1920s, amma bayan shekaru da yawa na ci gaba da haɓaka sabuwar fasaha ta kasuwa ga masu amfani. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ingantaccen tsarin watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na baki da fari ya zama sananne a Burtaniya da Amurka, kuma shirye-shiryen talabijin sun zama ruwan dare a gidaje, kasuwanci, da cibiyoyi. A cikin shekarun 1950, talabijin ita ce hanya ta farko don rinjayar ra'ayin jama'a.[1] A tsakiyar 1960s, an gabatar da watsa shirye-shiryen launi a cikin Amurka da yawancin sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa. ==Manazarta== https://books.google.com/books?id=7c0ycySng4YC&pg=PA53 https://web.archive.org/web/20150428042640/http://www.tvtechnology.com/opinions/0087/the-state-of-television-worldwide/222681 0cfjqlyeog5w0uyc1zgl1gr0ub0o5ea 826709 826708 2026-04-26T17:08:30Z Usmanmaifada 20279 826709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} [[File:National RANGER-505 1970s small-sized black-and-white television set.jpg|thumb|hoton mutum ya bayyana a cikin talabijin]] [[File:Early portable tv.jpg|thumb|Hoton tv]] '''Talabijin''' ita ce na'urar kallon hoton bidiyo. [[File:RCA 630-TS Television.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton talabijin ta farko da aka fara saidawa a kasuwa a shekarun 1946–1947]] Talabijin (TV) hanyar [[sadarwa]] ce don watsa hotuna da sauti masu motsi. Bugu da ƙari, kalmar na iya nufin saitin talabijin na zahiri maimakon matsakaicin watsawa. Talabijin babbar hanya ce ta [[talla]], [[nishaɗi]], [[labarai]], da wasanni. Matsakaicin yana da ikon fiye da "watsa shirye-shiryen [[rediyo]]," wanda ke nufin siginar sauti da aka aika zuwa masu karɓar rediyo. Masu karɓar talabijin mai fa'ida a kan nuni don siyarwa a kantin sayar da kayan lantarki a cikin 2008 Talabijin ya zama samuwa a cikin nau'ikan gwaji na ɗanyen aiki a cikin 1920s, amma bayan shekaru da yawa na ci gaba da haɓaka sabuwar fasaha ta kasuwa ga masu amfani. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ingantaccen tsarin watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na baki da fari ya zama sananne a Burtaniya da Amurka, kuma shirye-shiryen talabijin sun zama ruwan dare a gidaje, kasuwanci, da cibiyoyi. A cikin shekarun 1950, talabijin ita ce hanya ta farko don rinjayar ra'ayin jama'a.[1] A tsakiyar 1960s, an gabatar da watsa shirye-shiryen launi a cikin Amurka da yawancin sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa. ==Manazarta== https://books.google.com/books?id=7c0ycySng4YC&pg=PA53 https://web.archive.org/web/20150428042640/http://www.tvtechnology.com/opinions/0087/the-state-of-television-worldwide/222681 dyxqqlhruwo5uk3wam0e1ok6lzh495z 826710 826709 2026-04-26T17:09:54Z Usmanmaifada 20279 826710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} [[File:National RANGER-505 1970s small-sized black-and-white television set.jpg|thumb|hoton mutum ya bayyana a cikin talabijin]] [[File:Early portable tv.jpg|thumb|Hoton tv]] '''Talabijin''' ita ce na'urar kallon hoton bidiyo. [[File:RCA 630-TS Television.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton talabijin ta farko da aka fara saidawa a kasuwa a shekarun 1946–1947]] Talabijin (TV) hanyar [[sadarwa]] ce don watsa hotuna da sauti masu motsi. Bugu da ƙari, kalmar na iya nufin saitin talabijin na zahiri maimakon matsakaicin watsawa. Talabijin babbar hanya ce ta [[talla]], [[nishaɗi]], [[labarai]], da wasanni. Matsakaicin yana da ikon fiye da "watsa shirye-shiryen [[rediyo]]," wanda ke nufin siginar sauti da aka aika zuwa masu karɓar rediyo. Masu karɓar talabijin mai fa'ida a kan nuni don siyarwa a kantin sayar da kayan lantarki a cikin 2008 Talabijin ya zama samuwa a cikin nau'ikan gwaji na ɗanyen aiki a cikin 1920s, amma bayan shekaru da yawa na ci gaba da haɓaka sabuwar fasaha ta kasuwa ga masu amfani. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ingantaccen tsarin watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na baki da fari ya zama sananne a Burtaniya da Amurka, kuma shirye-shiryen talabijin sun zama ruwan dare a gidaje, [[kasuwanci]], da cibiyoyi. A cikin shekarun 1950, talabijin ita ce hanya ta farko don rinjayar ra'ayin jama'a.[1] A tsakiyar 1960s, an gabatar da watsa shirye-shiryen launi a cikin Amurka da yawancin sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa. ==Manazarta== https://books.google.com/books?id=7c0ycySng4YC&pg=PA53 https://web.archive.org/web/20150428042640/http://www.tvtechnology.com/opinions/0087/the-state-of-television-worldwide/222681 8r6crw0lmyl3onbl8p0u7i7gmvst0y3 826751 826710 2026-04-26T19:04:12Z Mahuta 11340 826751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} [[File:National RANGER-505 1970s small-sized black-and-white television set.jpg|thumb|hoton mutum ya bayyana a cikin talabijin]] [[File:Early portable tv.jpg|thumb|Hoton tv]] '''Talabijin''' ita ce na'urar kallon hoton bidiyo. [[File:RCA 630-TS Television.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton talabijin ta farko da aka fara saidawa a kasuwa a shekarun 1946–1947]] Talabijin (TV) hanyar [[sadarwa]] ce don watsa hotuna da sauti masu motsi. Bugu da ƙari, kalmar na iya nufin saitin talabijin na zahiri maimakon matsakaicin watsawa. Talabijin babbar hanya ce ta [[talla]], [[nishaɗi]], [[labarai]], da wasanni. Matsakaicin yana da ikon fiye da "watsa shirye-shiryen [[rediyo]]," wanda ke nufin siginar sauti da aka aika zuwa masu karɓar rediyo. Masu karɓar talabijin mai fa'ida a kan nuni don siyarwa a kantin sayar da kayan lantarki a cikin 2008 Talabijin ya zama samuwa a cikin nau'ikan gwaji na ɗanyen aiki a cikin shekara ta 1920s, amma bayan shekaru da yawa na ci gaba da haɓaka sabuwar fasaha ta kasuwa ga masu amfani. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ingantaccen tsarin watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na baki da fari ya zama sananne a Burtaniya da Amurka, kuma shirye-shiryen talabijin sun zama ruwan dare a gidaje, [[kasuwanci]], da cibiyoyi. A cikin shekarun 1950, talabijin ita ce hanya ta farko don rinjayar ra'ayin jama'a.[1] A tsakiyar 1960s, an gabatar da watsa shirye-shiryen launi a cikin ƙasar Amurka da yawancin sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa. ==Manazarta== https://books.google.com/books?id=7c0ycySng4YC&pg=PA53 https://web.archive.org/web/20150428042640/http://www.tvtechnology.com/opinions/0087/the-state-of-television-worldwide/222681 ic4jmvg6fg9lwyb72l8bspr27p1j4bi 0 8802 826716 815894 2026-04-26T17:22:52Z M Bash Ne 12403 826716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Mahatma Gandhi Statue, Vidhana Soudha (02).jpg|thumb|Mutum mutumin Mahatma Gandhi a Vidhana Soudha]] [[File:Gandhi spinning.jpg|thumb|Gandhi na saka]] [[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee paying homage at the Samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi on his 147th birth anniversary, at Rajghat, in Delhi.jpg|thumb|Shugaban kasa, Shri Pranab Mukherjee yana mika gaisuwa a Samadhi din Mahatma Gandhi a ranar haihuwarsa ta 147th Rajghat, a Delhi]] [[File:Mahatma Gandhi 1948-1.jpg|thumb|Mahatma Gandhi a kan postal stamp na kasar India a 1948]] [[File:Gandhi en Valladolid.jpg|thumb|mutumin Gandhi a Valladolid Spain]] [[Fayil:Mahatma-Gandhi, studio, 1931.jpg|thumb|Mahatma Gandhi]] '''Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi''' IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|ɑː|n|d|i|,_|ˈ|ɡ|æ|n|d|;<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/gandhi "Gandhi"]. webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114041417/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/gandhi |date=14 January 2015. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> IPA|Gujarati IPA-hns|ˈmoːɦəndaːs ˈkərəmtʃənd ˈɡaːndʱi|lang|Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi; An haife shi ne cikin watan Octoban shekara ta (1869 zuwa 30 January 1948) yakasance mutumin Indiyane shi kuma mai kare hakkin Dan'adam, yazama Shugaban Kungiyar Ƴancin Ƙasar Indiya masu fito na fito da mulkin mallakar ƙasar [[Birtaniya]]. Ta amfani da babu fada a Neman bukatun mu, [[civil disobedience]], Gandhi yajagoranci [[Indiya]] har tasamu encin Kai, da samar da [[Civil rights movements|civil rights]] da freedom across the world. The [[honorific]] '''[[Mahātmā]]''' ([[Sanskrit]]: "high-souled", "venerable")<ref name="McGregor1993">{{Cite book|last=McGregor|first=Ronald Stuart|title=The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MILAQgAACAAJ&pg=PA79|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-864339-5|page=799|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012220431/http://books.google.com/books?id=MILAQgAACAAJ&pg=PA799|archivedate=12 October 2013|df=dmy-all}} Quote: (''mahā-'' (S. "great, mighty, large, ..., eminent") + ''[[Ātman (Hinduism)|ātmā]]'' (S. "'''1.'''soul, spirit; the self, the individual; the mind, the heart; '''2.'''<nowiki> the ultimate being."): "high-souled, of noble nature; a noble or venerable man."}}</nowiki></ref> – applied to him first in (1914 ) acikin South Africa<ref name="rajmohan_gandhi_p172">[[Mahatma Gandhi#Rajmohan|Gandhi, Rajmohan (2006)]] [https://books.google.com/?id=FauJL7LKXmkC&pg=PA172 p. 172]: "...&nbsp;Kasturba would accompany Gandhi on his departure from Cape Town for England in July 1914 ''en route'' to India. ... In different South African towns ([[Pretoria]], [[Cape Town]], [[Bloemfontein]], [[Johannesburg]], and the [[KwaZulu-Natal|Natal]] cities of [[Durban]] and [[Verulam, KwaZulu-Natal|Verulam]]), the struggle's martyrs were honoured and the Gandhi's bade farewell. Addresses in [[Durban]] and Verulam referred to Gandhi as a 'Mahatma', 'great soul'. He was seen as a great soul because he had taken up the poor's cause. The whites too said good things about Gandhi, who predicted a future for the Empire if it respected justice." (p. 172).</ref> – Ana kiransa da '''Bapu''' a kasarsa wato ''Baba'' da harshen [℅Gujarati]] ,<ref name="McAllister1982" /> ''papa'')<ref name="McAllister1982">{{Cite book|last=McAllister|first=Pam|title=Reweaving the Web of Life: Feminism and Nonviolence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vt8hAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA194 |year=1982|publisher=New Society Publishers|isbn=978-0-86571-017-7|page=194 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012210751/http://books.google.com/books?id=vt8hAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA194|archivedate=12 October 2013 }} Quote: "With love, Yours, Bapu (You closed with the term of endearment used by your close friends, the term you used with all the movement leaders, roughly meaning 'Papa'." Another letter written in 1940 shows similar tenderness and caring.</ref><ref name="Eck2003">{{Cite book|last=Eck|first=Diana L.|author-link=Diana Eck|title=Encountering God: A Spiritual Journey from Bozeman to Banaras|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XpR0AmKLeY4C&pg=PA210 |year=2003|publisher=Beacon Press|isbn=978-0-8070-7301-8|page=210|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012220529/http://books.google.com/books?id=XpR0AmKLeY4C&pg=PA210|archivedate=12 October 2013 }} Quote: "...&nbsp;his niece Manu, who, like others called this immortal Gandhi 'Bapu,' meaning not 'father,' but the familiar, 'daddy'." (p. 210)</ref> kuma '''Gandhi [[-ji|ji]]''', da kuma babban kasarmu.<ref name="archive.indianexpress.com">[http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/gandhi-not-formally-conferred-father-of-the-nation-title-govt/973101/ "Gandhi not formally conferred 'Father of the Nation' title: Govt"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906121950/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/gandhi-not-formally-conferred-father-of-the-nation-title-govt/973101|date=6 September 2014}}, ''[[The Indian Express]]'', 11 July 2012.</ref><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Constitution-doesnt-permit-Father-of-the-Nation-title-Government/articleshow/16961980.cms "Constitution doesn't permit 'Father of the Nation' title: Government"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107223546/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Constitution-doesnt-permit-Father-of-the-Nation-title-Government/articleshow/16961980.cms |date=7 January 2017 }}, ''The Times of India'', 26 October 2012.</ref> An haife shi, sannan kuma da girmansa daga gidan [[Hindu]] [[Bania (caste)|merchant caste]] dake coastal [[Gujarat]], [[Indiya]], Yayi karatun [[lauya]] [[Inner Temple]], [[Landan]], Gandhi da farko yadauka nonviolent civil disobedience a matsayin expatriate [[lawyer]] a kasar South Africa,a yankin yan'indiya masu nemain yanci. Bayan dawowarsa [[Indiya]] aikin shekara ta (1915) ya shirya da harhada kananan manoma, da kananan maaikata dansu shiga zanga zanga akan biyan kudin haraji dasu keyi sosai da wariya daake nuna masu. Da yazama Shugaban [[Indian National Congress]] acikin shekara ta (1921) Gandhi yajagoranci campaigns akan abubuwan dasuka damu al'ummarsa da kuma yin nasarar samun mulkin kai ko ''[[Swaraj]]''. Gandhi yajagoranci Indiya Dan tunkarar harajin [[gishiri]] da [[turawa]] suka kakaba masu biya [[Salt March|Dandi Salt March]] acikin shekara ta (193) daga nan kuma yajasu suka nema turawan dasu bar kasar Indiya acikin shekara ta (1942) An kulle shi na tsawon shekaru a lokuta daban daban a kasarsa da kuma South Africa. Yarayu modestly a [[Sabarmati Ashram|self-sufficient residential community]] kuma yanasa kayan al adar kasar Indiya, Abincinsa ganyanyaki ne kuma yazabi hakan ne a matsayin gyaran rayuwarsa da yakin siyasarsa. Yadda Gandhi yake neman yancin kai a Indiya ta hanyar kula da yawan masu addinai, dukda hakan yasa musulmai sun kalubalance shi acikin farkon shekara ta (1940) wadanda sune suke neman yancin kasar musulmai kadai a waccan lokaci.<ref name=Khan2007-page1>{{cite book|last=Khan|first=Yasmin|title=The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i9WdQp2pwOYC&pg=PA18|access-date=1 September 2013|year=2007|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-12078-3|page=18|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012210526/http://books.google.com/books?id=i9WdQp2pwOYC&pg=PA18|archivedate=12 October 2013| Quote: "the Muslim League had only caught on among South Asian Muslims during the Second World War. ... By the late 1940s, the League and the Congress had impressed in the British their own visions of a free future for Indian people. ... one, articulated by the Congress, rested on the idea of a united, plural India as a home for all Indians and the other, spelt out by the League, rested on the foundation of Muslim nationalism and the carving out of a separate Muslim homeland." (p. 18)}}</ref> Acikin watan Augustan shekara ta 1947 Britaniya ta baiwa indiya yanci<ref name=Khan2007-page1/> inda suka kasa kasar biyu da bangaren Indiyan yan'Hindu zalla da kuma bangaren Indiya ta [[Musulmi|musulmai]] zalla wato [[Pakistan]].<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite book|last=Khan|first=Yasmin|title=The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i9WdQp2pwOYC&pg=PA1 |year=2007|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-12078-3|page=1 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012210022/http://books.google.com/books?id=i9WdQp2pwOYC&pg=PA1|archivedate=12 October 2013| Quote: "South Asians learned that the British Indian empire would be partitioned on 3 June 1947. They heard about it on the radio, from relations and friends, by reading newspapers and, later, through government pamphlets. Among a population of almost four hundred million, where the vast majority lived in the countryside, ..., it is hardly surprising that many ... did not hear the news for many weeks afterwards. For some, the butchery and forced relocation of the summer months of 1947 may have been the first they know about the creation of the two new states rising from the fragmentary and terminally weakened British empire in India." (p. 1)}}</ref> Kamar yadda aka Samu watsuwar yan'Hindu, Muslimai, da yan'Sikh yasa rikicin addinin yabarke musamman a yankin Punjab, da [[Bengal]]. Eschewing the [[Independence Day (India)|official celebration of independence]] a [[Delhi]], Gandhi yaziyarce inda rikicin yashafa domin nuna tausayawa agaresu, a watan da yabiyo baya yafara yin azumi har mutuwarsa dan neman hana kara faruwar rikicin, azuminsa na karshe dayayi itace aranar (12) ga watan Janairun shekara ta (1948) lokacin yana da shekara (78)<ref name=Brown1991-p380>[[#Brown1991|Brown (1991)]], p. 380: "Despite and indeed because of his sense of helplessness Delhi was to be the scene of what he called his greatest fast. ... His decision was made suddenly, though after considerable thought – he gave no hint of it even to Nehru and Patel who were with him shortly before he announced his intention at a prayer-meeting on 12 January 1948. He said he would fast until communal peace was restored, real peace rather than the calm of a dead city imposed by police and troops. Patel and the government took the fast partly as condemnation of their decision to withhold a considerable cash sum still outstanding to Pakistan as a result of the allocation of undivided India's assets, because the hostilities that had broken out in Kashmir; ... But even when the government agreed to pay out the cash, Gandhi would not break his fast: that he would only do after a large number of important politicians and leaders of communal bodies agreed to a joint plan for restoration of normal life in the city."</ref> da kuma burinsa na matsi dan ganin kasarsa Indiya ta biya dukiyoyin da kasar Pakistan take binsu.<ref name=Brown1991-p380/> wasu yan Indiya sunyi tunanin ko Gandhi yacika nuna kusanci.<ref name=Brown1991-p380/><ref name="CushRobinson2008"/> daga cikin su akwai [[Nathuram Godse]], wanda daga baya yakashe a [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalist]], Gandhi aranar 30 gawan janairun shekara ta (1948)a harbeshi da harshashi uku a kirjinsa.<ref name="CushRobinson2008">{{Cite book|last1=Cush|first1=Denise|last2=Robinson|first2=Catherine|last3=York|first3=Michael|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_T0HeWE-EAC&pg=PA544 |year=2008|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-7007-1267-0|page=544|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012221104/http://books.google.com/books?id=i_T0HeWE-EAC&pg=PA544|archivedate=12 October 2013| Quote: "The apotheosis of this contrast is the assassination of Gandhi in 1948 by a militant Nathuram Godse, on the basis of his 'weak' accommodationist approach towards the new state of Pakistan." (p. 544)}}</ref> Captured along with many of his co-conspirators and collaborators, Godse and his co-conspirator [[Narayan Apte]] were tried, convicted and executed while many of their other accomplices were given prison sentences. [[Fayil:Mahatma Gandhi (4).jpg|thumb|Mahatma Gandhi]] Ana gudanar da bikin haihuwar Gandhi a duk (2) ga watan October, bikin a Indiya suna kiran bikin da [[Gandhi Jayanti]], a duk [[duniya]] kuma [[International Day of Non-Violence|International Day of Nonviolence]]. ==Rayuwar farko da asali== '''Iyaye''' Mahaifin Gandhi, Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi (1822-1885), yayi aiki a matsayin dewan (babban minista) na jihar Porbandar. Iyalinsa sun samo asali ne daga ƙauyen Kutiana a lokacin a cikin jihar Junagadh a lokacin. Ko da yake Karamchand ya kasance magatakarda ne kawai a gwamnatin jihar kuma yana da ilimin firamare, ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama babban minista. A lokacin aikinsa Karamchand ya yi aure sau hudu. Matansa biyu na farko sun rasu suna ƙanana, bayan kowacce ta haifi diya mace, kuma aurensa na uku bai haihu ba. A cikin 1857, Karamchand ya nemi izinin matarsa ta uku don ya sake yin aure; A wannan shekarar, ya auri Putlibai (1844-1891), wanda shi ma ya fito daga Junagadh, kuma ya fito daga dangin Pranami Vaishnava. Karamchand da Putlibai suna da yara hudu: ɗa, Laxmidas (c. 1860–1914); 'ya mace, Raliatbehn (1862-1960); ɗa na biyu, Karsandas (c. 1866–1913). da ɗa na uku, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi wanda aka haife shi a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 1869 a Porbandar (wanda kuma aka sani da Sudamapuri), wani garin bakin teku a kan Kathiawar Peninsula sannan kuma wani yanki na karamar sarauta ta Porbandar a cikin Hukumar Kathiawar ta Burtaniya Raj. A cikin 1874, mahaifin Gandhi, Karamchand, ya bar Porbandar zuwa karamar jihar Rajkot, inda ya zama mai ba da shawara ga mai mulkinta, Thakur Sahib; duk da cewa Rajkot kasa ce mai daraja fiye da Porbandar, hukumar siyasar yankin Biritaniya tana can, wanda ya baiwa diwan jihar wani ma'aunin tsaro. A cikin 1876, Karamchand ya zama diwan na Rajkot kuma ɗan'uwansa Tulsidas ya gaje shi a matsayin diwan na Porbandar. Daga nan dangin Karamchand suka koma tare da shi a Rajkot. Sun ƙaura zuwa gidansu na Kaba Gandhi No Delo a cikin 1881. '''Yarantaka''' Tun yana yaro, 'yar uwarsa Raliat ta bayyana Gandhi a matsayin "marasa hutawa kamar mercury, ko dai yana wasa ko yawo. Daya daga cikin abubuwan da ya fi so shi ne murda kunnuwan karnuka." Al'adun gargajiya na Indiya, musamman labarun Shravana da sarki Harishchandra, sun yi tasiri sosai ga Gandhi a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa. A cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, Gandhi ya bayyana cewa sun bar wani ra'ayi maras gogewa a zuciyarsa. Gandhi ya rubuta: "Yana damun ni kuma tabbas na yi wa kaina Harishchandra sau da yawa ba tare da adadi ba." Gane farkon Gandhi da gaskiya da ƙauna a matsayin maɗaukakin ƙima ana iya gano shi ga waɗannan fitattun haruffa. Addinin dangin ya kasance mai ban mamaki. An haifi Mohandas a cikin dangin Gujarati Hindu Modh Bania. Mahaifin Gandhi, Karamchand, Hindu ne kuma mahaifiyarsa Putlibai ta fito daga dangin Pranami Vaishnava Hindu. Mahaifin Gandhi dan kabilar Modh Baniya ne a cikin varna na Vaishya. Mahaifiyarsa ta fito ne daga al'adar Pranami na tsakiyar Krishna bhakti, wanda rubutun addini ya haɗa da Bhagavad Gita, Bhagavata Purana, da tarin matani 14 tare da koyarwar da al'adar ta yi imanin sun haɗa da ainihin Vedas, Alqur'ani da Littafi Mai-Tsarki. . Mahaifiyarsa ta rinjayi Gandhi sosai, mace mai tsoron Allah wadda "ba za ta yi tunanin cin abincinta ba ba tare da sallarta ta yau da kullun ba... za ta dauki alwashi mafi wahala kuma ta ci gaba da yin su ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. Yin azumi biyu ko uku a jere ba kome ba ne. ta." Yana da shekaru tara, Gandhi ya shiga makarantar gida a Rajkot, kusa da gidansa. A can, ya karanta rudiments na lissafi, tarihi, Gujarati harshe da kuma labarin kasa. Yana da shekaru 11, Gandhi ya shiga makarantar sakandare a Rajkot, Alfred High School. Ya kasance matsakaicin ɗalibi, ya sami wasu kyaututtuka, amma ɗalibi ne mai kunya da ɗaure harshe, ba tare da sha'awar wasanni ba; Abokan Gandhi kawai littattafai da darussan makaranta. '''Aure''' A watan Mayun 1883, Mohandas Gandhi mai shekaru 13 ya auri Kasturbai Gokuldas Kapadia mai shekaru 14 (sunan farko an rage shi zuwa "Kasturba", kuma cikin ƙauna ga "Ba") a cikin shirin aure, bisa ga al'adar yankin a lokacin. Ana cikin haka ne ya yi rashin nasara a shekara guda a makaranta amma daga baya aka ba shi damar gyarawa ta hanyar habaka karatunsa. Bikin Gandhi na haɗin gwiwa ne, inda ɗan uwansa da ɗan uwansa ma suka yi aure. Yayin da yake tunawa da ranar aurensu, Gandhi ya taɓa cewa, "Kamar yadda ba mu da masaniya game da aure, a gare mu yana nufin sa sababbin tufafi ne kawai, cin kayan zaki da wasa da dangi." Kamar yadda al'adar ta kasance, amarya ta kasance mai yawan lokaci a gidan iyayenta, kuma ba tare da mijinta ba. Da yake rubuta shekaru da yawa bayan haka, Mohandas ya bayyana cike da nadama game da sha'awar da yake ji ga amaryar tasa ta hanyar cewa, "Ko a makaranta na kan yi tunaninta, kuma tunanin dare da taronmu na gaba ya kasance yana damuna." Daga baya Gandhi ya tuna yana jin kishi da mallake ta, kamar lokacin da Kasturba za ta ziyarci wani haikali tare da budurwar ta da kuma yin sha'awar jima'i a cikin tunaninsa game da ita. A ƙarshen 1885, mahaifin Gandhi, Karamchand, ya mutu. Gandhi ya bar gadon mahaifinsa don kasancewa da matarsa mintuna kaɗan kafin rasuwarsa. Shekaru da yawa bayan haka Gandhi ya rubuta "Idan sha'awar dabba ba ta makantar da ni ba, da a cece ni daga azabar rabuwa da mahaifina a lokacinsa na ƙarshe." Daga baya, Gandhi, ɗan shekara 16 a lokacin, da matarsa ’yar shekara 17, sun haifi ɗansu na fari, wanda ya rayu kwanaki kaɗan kawai. Mutuwar biyu ta ba Gandhi rai. Ma'auratan Gandhi sun sami ƙarin 'ya'ya huɗu, dukansu maza: Harilal, an haife shi a 1888; Manilal, an haife shi a shekara ta 1892; Ramdas, an haife shi a shekara ta 1897; da Devdas, an haife shi a 1900. A cikin Nuwamba 1887, Gandhi mai shekaru 18 ya kammala karatun sakandare a Ahmedabad. A cikin Janairu 1888, ya yi rajista a Kwalejin Samaldas a Jihar Bhavnagar, sannan ya zama cibiyar bayar da digiri na farko na manyan makarantu a yankin. Duk da haka, Gandhi ya bar waje, kuma ya koma ga iyalinsa a Porbandar. Ilimin da ke wajen makaranta Gandhi ya inganta ta hanyar fallasa adabin Gujarati musamman masu gyara irin su Narmad da Govardhanram Tripathi, waɗanda ayyukansu suka faɗakar da Gujaratis ga nasu kurakuran da raunin su kamar imani da akidar addini. '''Shekara uku a London Dalibin doka''' [[Fayil:MAHATMA_GANDHI_1869-1948_lived_here_as_a_law_student.jpg|thumb|Mahatma Ghandi yayinda yake dalibin doka]] Gandhi ya fice daga kwalejin mafi arha da zai iya samu a Bombay. Mavji Dave Joshiji, wani firist na Brahmin kuma abokin iyali, ya shawarci Gandhi da iyalinsa cewa ya kamata ya yi la'akari da nazarin shari'a a London. A cikin Yuli 1888, matar Gandhi Kasturba ta haifi ɗansu na farko mai rai, Harilal. Mahaifiyar Gandhi ba ta jin daɗin yadda Gandhi ya bar matarsa da danginsa da tafiya mai nisa daga gida. Kawun Gandhi Tulsidas shima yayi kokarin hana dan dan uwansa, amma Gandhi ya so ya tafi. Don ya rinjayi matarsa da mahaifiyarsa, Gandhi ya yi alkawari a gaban mahaifiyarsa cewa ba zai daina nama, barasa, da mata ba. Ɗan’uwan Gandhi, Laxmidas, wanda ya riga ya zama lauya, ya yi murna da shirin nazarin Gandhi na London kuma ya ba shi goyon baya. Putlibai ya ba Gandhi izini da albarka. A ranar 10 ga Agusta 1888, Gandhi, mai shekaru 18, ya bar Porbandar zuwa Mumbai, wanda a lokacin ake kira Bombay. Wata jarida a cikin gida da ke ba da labarin bankwana da tsohuwar makarantarsa ta Rajkot ta lura cewa Gandhi shine Bania na farko daga Kathiawar da ya wuce Ingila don jarrabawar Barrister. Yayin da Mohandas Gandhi yake jiran jirgin ruwa zuwa Landan, ya gano cewa ya jawo fushin Modh Banias na Bombay. Bayan ya isa Bombay, ya zauna tare da al'ummar Modh Bania na gida wanda dattawan suka gargadi Gandhi cewa Ingila za ta gwada shi don ya gwada shi. ya sabawa addininsa, da ci da sha ta hanyoyin kasashen yamma. Duk da cewa Gandhi ya sanar da su alkawarin da ya yi wa mahaifiyarsa da albarkarta, an kore Gandhi daga zuriyarsa. Gandhi ya yi watsi da wannan, kuma a ranar 4 ga Satumba, ya tashi daga Bombay zuwa London, tare da ɗan'uwansa ya gan shi. Gandhi ya halarci Kwalejin Jami'a, London, inda ya dauki darasi a cikin adabin Ingilishi tare da Henry Morley a cikin 1888-1889. Gandhi kuma ya yi rajista a Inns of Court School of Law a cikin Haikali na ciki da niyyar zama barista. Kunyarsa ta kuruciya da jajircewarsa sun ci gaba tun lokacin samartaka. Gandhi ya riƙe waɗannan halayen lokacin da ya isa Landan, amma ya shiga ƙungiyar masu yin magana a bainar jama'a kuma ya shawo kan kunyarsa sosai don yin doka. Gandhi ya nuna matukar sha'awar jin daɗin al'ummomin dockland da ke fama da talauci. A cikin 1889, takaddamar kasuwanci ta barke a London, tare da masu aikin doki suna yajin aiki don samun ingantacciyar albashi da yanayi, da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa, masu kera jiragen ruwa, 'yan matan masana'anta da sauran su shiga yajin aikin cikin hadin kai. 'Yan wasan sun yi nasara, a wani bangare saboda shiga tsakani na Cardinal Manning, wanda ya jagoranci Gandhi da wani abokin Indiya don ziyartar Cardinal tare da gode masa bisa aikin da ya yi. '''Cin ganyayyaki da aikin kwamiti''' Alkawarin da ya yi wa mahaifiyarsa ya shafi lokacin Gandhi a Landan. Gandhi yayi ƙoƙari ya ɗauki al'adun "Turanci", gami da ɗaukar darussan rawa. Duk da haka, bai ji daɗin abincin ganyayyakin da uwargidansa ke bayarwa ba kuma yana yawan jin yunwa har sai ya sami ɗaya daga cikin ƴan gidajen cin ganyayyaki na Landan. Tasirin rubutun Henry Salt, Gandhi ya shiga kungiyar masu cin ganyayyaki ta London kuma an zabe shi a kwamitin zartarwa karkashin jagorancin shugabanta kuma mai ba da taimako Arnold Hills. Nasarar da aka samu yayin da yake cikin kwamitin ita ce kafa kungiyar Bayswater. Wasu daga cikin masu cin ganyayyaki Gandhi ya sadu da su membobin Theosophical Society, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1875 don haɓaka ƴan uwantaka na duniya, wanda kuma ya keɓe ga nazarin adabin Buddha da Hindu. Sun ƙarfafa Gandhi ya haɗa su cikin karanta Bhagavad Gita duka a cikin fassarar har ma da na asali. Gandhi yana da abokantaka da haɗin kai tare da Hills, amma mutanen biyu sun ɗauki ra'ayi daban-daban game da ci gaba da kasancewa membobin LVS na ɗan'uwan memba Thomas Allinson. Rashin jituwarsu shine sanannen misali na farko na ƙalubalantar ikon Gandhi, duk da jin kunyarsa da ɓacin ransa game da adawa. Allinson ya kasance yana haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin rigakafin haihuwa, amma Hills bai yarda da waɗannan ba, yana ganin sun lalata ɗabi'ar jama'a. Ya yi imani cin ganyayyaki ya zama motsi na ɗabi'a don haka kada Allinson ya ci gaba da kasancewa memba na LVS. Gandhi ya raba ra'ayoyin Hills game da haɗarin hana haihuwa, amma ya kare hakkin Allinson na bambanta. Zai yi wuya Gandhi ya ƙalubalanci Hills; Hills yana da shekaru 12 a matsayin babba kuma ba kamar Gandhi ba, mai iya magana sosai. Hills ya ba da kuɗin LVS kuma ya kasance kyaftin na masana'antu tare da kamfaninsa na Thames Ironworks yana ɗaukar mutane sama da 6,000 a Gabashin Ƙarshen London. Hills kuma ƙwararren ɗan wasa ne wanda daga baya ya kafa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta West Ham United. A cikin 1927 littafin tarihin kansa, Vol. Ni, Gandhi ya rubuta: Tambayar ta ba ni sha'awa sosai ... Ina matukar girmama Mista Hills da karimcinsa. Amma ina ganin bai dace ba a keɓe mutum daga cikin jama'ar masu cin ganyayyaki kawai saboda ya ƙi ɗaukar ɗabi'a mai tsarki a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan al'umma. An gabatar da kudirin cire Allinson, kuma kwamitin ya yi muhawara tare da kada kuri'a. Kunyar Gandhi ta kasance cikas ga kare Allinson a taron kwamitin. Gandhi ya rubuta ra'ayoyinsa a takarda, amma kunya ta hana Gandhi karanta muhawararsa, don haka Hills, shugaban kasa, ya nemi wani dan kwamitin ya karanta masa. Ko da yake wasu mambobin kwamitin sun amince da Gandhi, an yi asarar kuri'un kuma an cire Allinson. Babu wani yanayi mai wahala, tare da Hills ya ba da shawarar gasa a liyafar bankwana na LVS don girmama dawowar Gandhi Indiya. '''An kira zuwa mashaya''' Gandhi, yana da shekaru 22, an kira shi zuwa mashaya a watan Yuni 1891 sannan ya bar London zuwa Indiya, inda ya sami labarin cewa mahaifiyarsa ta rasu yayin da yake Landan kuma danginsa sun kiyaye labarin Gandhi. Yunkurinsa na kafa doka a Bombay ya ci tura saboda Gandhi a hankali ya kasa yin tambayoyi ga shaidu. Ya koma Rajkot don yin gyare-gyaren rayuwa don rubuta koke ga masu kara, amma Gandhi an tilasta masa tsayawa bayan ya yi wa jami'in Burtaniya Sam Sunny zagon kasa. A cikin 1893, wani musulmi ɗan kasuwa a Kathiawar mai suna Dada Abdullah ya tuntubi Gandhi. Abdullah ya mallaki babban kasuwancin jigilar kayayyaki mai nasara a Afirka ta Kudu. Dan uwansa na nesa a Johannesburg yana buƙatar lauya, kuma sun fi son wanda ke da gadon Kathiawari. Gandhi ya yi tambaya game da albashinsa na aikin. Sun ba da jimlar albashin £105 (~ $4,143 a cikin kuɗin 2023) da kuɗin balaguro. Ya yarda da shi, da sanin cewa zai kasance aƙalla alkawari na shekara ɗaya a cikin Colony na Natal, Afirka ta Kudu, kuma wani ɓangare na Daular Burtaniya. '''Mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a a Afirka ta Kudu (1893-1914)''' A cikin Afrilu 1893, Gandhi, ɗan shekara 23, ya tashi zuwa Afirka ta Kudu don zama lauyan ɗan uwan Abdullah. Gandhi ya shafe shekaru 21 a Afirka ta Kudu inda ya bunkasa ra'ayinsa na siyasa, da'a, da siyasa. A wannan lokacin Gandhi ya koma Indiya a taƙaice a cikin 1902 don tattara tallafi don jin daɗin Indiyawa a Afirka ta Kudu. Nan da nan da ya isa Afirka ta Kudu, Gandhi ya fuskanci wariya saboda launin fatarsa da kuma gadonsa. Ba a yarda Gandhi ya zauna tare da fasinjoji na Turai a cikin wasan motsa jiki ba kuma an gaya masa ya zauna a kasa kusa da direba, sannan ya yi masa duka lokacin da ya ki; A wani wuri kuma, an harba Gandhi a cikin wani magudanar ruwa domin ya jajirce wajen tafiya kusa da wani gida, a wani misali kuma an jefar da shi daga jirgin kasa a Pietermaritzburg bayan ya ki barin aji na farko. Gandhi ya zauna a tashar jirgin kasa, yana rawar jiki duk dare yana tunanin ko zai koma Indiya ko ya yi zanga-zangar neman hakkinsa. Gandhi ya zaɓi yin zanga-zanga kuma an ba shi izinin shiga jirgin washegari. A wani labarin kuma, alkalin wata kotun Durban ya umurci Gandhi da ya cire rawaninsa, wanda ya ki yin hakan. An hana Indiyawa tafiya a kan hanyoyin jama'a a Afirka ta Kudu. Wani dan sanda ya kori Gandhi daga kan titin ba tare da gargadi ba. Lokacin da Gandhi ya isa Afirka ta Kudu, a cewar Arthur Herman, ya yi tunanin kansa a matsayin "Dan Biritaniya na farko, kuma ɗan Indiya na biyu." Duk da haka, kyamar Gandhi da ’yan uwansa Indiyawa daga mutanen Biritaniya da Gandhi ya fuskanta kuma ya lura ya dame shi sosai. Gandhi ya same shi abin wulakanci, yana kokawa don fahimtar yadda wasu mutane za su iya jin girma ko fifiko ko jin daɗin irin waɗannan ayyuka na rashin ɗan adam. Gandhi ya fara tambayar matsayin mutanensa a daular Burtaniya. Shari'ar Abdullah da ta kawo shi Afirka ta Kudu ta ƙare a watan Mayu 1894, kuma al'ummar Indiya sun shirya liyafa ta bankwana ga Gandhi yayin da yake shirin komawa Indiya. An mai da jam'iyyar bankwana ta zama kwamitin aiki don tsara yadda za a bijirewa sabuwar shawarar gwamnatin Natal ta nuna wariya. Wannan ya sa Gandhi ya tsawaita lokacin zamansa na asali a Afirka ta Kudu. Gandhi ya shirya taimaka wa Indiyawa wajen adawa da wani kudirin doka na hana su 'yancin kada kuri'a, wani hakki sannan ya ba da shawarar zama wani hakki na Turai. Ya roki Joseph Chamberlain, sakataren mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, da ya sake duba matsayinsa kan wannan kudiri. Ko da yake ya kasa dakatar da zartar da dokar, Gandhi ya yi nasara wajen jawo hankalin Indiyawa a Afirka ta Kudu. Ya taimaka ya sami Natal Indian Congress a cikin 1894, kuma ta wannan ƙungiyar, Gandhi ya ƙera al'ummar Indiyawa na Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin haɗin kai na siyasa. A cikin Janairu 1897, lokacin da Gandhi ya sauka a Durban, gungun fararen fata sun kai masa hari, kuma Gandhi ya tsere ne kawai ta hanyar ƙoƙarin matar babban jami'in 'yan sanda. A lokacin Yaƙin Boer, Gandhi ya ba da kansa a cikin 1900 don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar masu ɗaukar nauyi kamar Natal Indian Ambulance Corps. A cewar Arthur Herman, Gandhi ya so ya karyata ra’ayin ‘yan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya na cewa ‘yan Hindu ba su dace da ayyukan “na miji” da suka hada da hadari da aiki ba, sabanin yadda musulmi ‘yan gudun hijira suke yi. Gandhi ya haɓaka masu aikin sa kai na Indiya 1,100, don tallafawa sojojin Burtaniya da ke yaƙi da Boers. An horar da su kuma an ba su takardar shaidar likita don yin hidima a kan layin gaba. Sun kasance mataimaka a yakin Colenso zuwa gawarwakin agajin gaggawa na farin kaya. A yakin Spion Kop, Gandhi da masu dauke da shi sun koma fagen daga kuma dole ne su dauki sojoji da suka ji rauni zuwa mil mil zuwa asibitin filin tun da filin ya yi tsanani ga motocin daukar marasa lafiya. Gandhi da wasu Indiyawa 37 sun sami lambar yabo ta Sarauniyar Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 1906, gwamnatin Transvaal ta fitar da wata sabuwar doka da ta tilasta yin rajistar al'ummar Indiyawa da Sinawa. A babban taron zanga-zangar da aka gudanar a Johannesburg a ranar 11 ga Satumbar waccan shekarar, Gandhi ya ɗauki hanyar Satyagraha da ke ci gaba da ci gaba (ba da kai ga gaskiya), ko zanga-zangar da ba ta da tushe, a karon farko. A cewar Anthony Parel, rubutun ɗabi'a na Tamil Tirukkuṛaḷ kuma ya rinjayi Gandhi bayan Leo Tolstoy ya ambata a cikin wasiƙun da suka fara da "Wasika zuwa ga Hindu." Gandhi ya bukaci Indiyawa da su bijirewa sabuwar dokar kuma su fuskanci hukuncin yin hakan. Tunaninsa na zanga-zangar, ƙwarewar lallashi, da hulɗar jama'a sun bayyana. Gandhi ya koma Indiya a cikin 1915. '''Turawan mulkin mallakan Indiyawa da Afirka''' Gandhi ya mayar da hankalinsa kan Indiyawa da 'yan Afirka yayin da yake Afirka ta Kudu. Da farko Gandhi ba ya sha'awar siyasa, amma hakan ya canza bayan da aka nuna masa wariya da cin zarafi kamar yadda wani jami'in farar fata ya yi masa korar kocin jirgin kasa. Bayan faruwar irin wadannan abubuwa da dama da fararen fata a Afirka ta Kudu, tunanin Gandhi da mayar da hankali ya canza, kuma ya ji cewa dole ne ya yi tsayayya da wannan kuma ya yi gwagwarmayar neman hakki. Gandhi ya shiga siyasa ta hanyar kafa majalisar Natal Indian Congress. A cewar Ashwin Desai da Goolam Vahed, ra'ayin Gandhi game da wariyar launin fata yana da jayayya a wasu lokuta. Ya fuskanci tsanantawa tun daga farko a Afirka ta Kudu. Kamar sauran mutane masu launin fata, jami'an farar fata sun hana Gandhi hakkinsa, kuma 'yan jarida da wadanda ke kan tituna sun yi wa Gandhi lakabi da "parasite", "semi-barbarous", "canker", "squalid coolie", "mutumin rawaya", da sauran al'amura. Har ma mutane za su tofa masa yawu don nuna ƙiyayyar launin fata. Yayin da yake Afirka ta Kudu, Gandhi ya mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin Indiyawa na wariyar launin fata kafin ya fara mai da hankali kan wariyar launin fata ga 'yan Afirka. A wasu lokuta, jihar Desai da Vahed, halin Gandhi na ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarorin ra'ayin kabilanci da cin zarafin Afirka. A lokacin wani jawabi a watan Satumba na 1896, Gandhi ya koka da cewa turawan da ke mulkin mallaka na Afirka ta Kudu na Birtaniya suna "kaskantar da Indiyawa zuwa matakin danyen Kaffir." Masana sun ba da misali da cewa Gandhi a lokacin yana tunanin Indiyawa da baƙar fata Afirka ta Kudu daban. Kamar yadda wani misali da Herman ya bayar, Gandhi, yana da shekaru 24, ya shirya taƙaitaccen doka don Majalisar Natal a 1895, yana neman 'yancin zaɓe ga Indiyawa. Gandhi ya buga tarihin kabilanci da ra'ayin 'yan Gabashin Turai cewa "Anglo-Saxon da Indiyawa sun fito ne daga hannun Aryan ɗaya ko kuma mutanen Indo-Turai" kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba za a haɗa Indiyawa da 'yan Afirka ba. Shekaru bayan haka, Gandhi da abokan aikinsa sun yi hidima da taimaka wa 'yan Afirka a matsayin ma'aikatan jinya da kuma adawa da wariyar launin fata. Wanda ya lashe kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel, Nelson Mandela na daga cikin masu sha'awar yunkurin Gandhi na yaki da wariyar launin fata a Afirka. Babban hoton Gandhi, jihar Desai da Vahed, an sake sabunta shi tun lokacin da aka kashe shi kamar yadda Gandhi ya kasance waliyyi ne, lokacin da a zahiri, rayuwarsa ta kasance mai rikitarwa, tana ɗauke da gaskiyar da ba ta dace ba, kuma ta kasance wacce ta canza akan lokaci. Masanan sun kuma yi nuni da shaida ga dimbin tarihi na hadin gwiwa da kokarin da Gandhi da mutanen Indiya suka yi tare da mutanen Afirka ta Kudu wadanda ba farar fata ba a kan zaluncin ‘yan Afirka da wariyar launin fata. A cikin 1903, Gandhi ya fara ra'ayin Indiyawa, wata jarida da ke ɗauke da sababbin Indiyawa a Afirka ta Kudu, Indiyawa a Indiya tare da labarai akan dukkan batutuwa - zamantakewa, ɗabi'a da hankali. Kowane fitowar ta kasance mai harsuna da yawa kuma tana ɗauke da abubuwa cikin Ingilishi, Gujarati, Hindi da Tamil. Yana ɗaukar tallace-tallace, ya dogara sosai kan gudummawar Gandhi (sau da yawa ana buga shi ba tare da layi ba) kuma ya kasance 'mai ba da shawara' ga dalilin Indiya. A cikin 1906, lokacin da Tawayen Bambatha ya barke a yankin Natal, Gandhi mai shekaru 36 a lokacin, duk da jin tausayin 'yan tawayen Zulu, ya karfafa wa Indiyawan Afirka ta Kudu kwarin guiwa da su kafa kungiyar sa kai mai dauke da shimfida. Da yake rubuce-rubuce a cikin ra'ayin Indiya, Gandhi yayi jayayya cewa aikin soja zai kasance da amfani ga al'ummar Indiya kuma yana da'awar zai ba su "lafiya da farin ciki." A ƙarshe Gandhi ya jagoranci ƙungiyar sa kai gauraye na Indiya da Afirka masu ɗaukar shimfiɗa don kula da mayaƙan da suka ji rauni a lokacin da ake murkushe tawayen. Sashen kula da lafiya da Gandhi ya ba da umarnin yin aikin kasa da watanni biyu kafin a wargaza su. Bayan da aka murkushe tawayen, tsarin mulkin mallaka bai nuna sha'awar ba wa al'ummar Indiya 'yancin ɗan adam da aka bai wa farar Afirka ta Kudu ba. Wannan ya sa Gandhi ya zama cikin rudani da Daular kuma ya tayar da farkawa ta ruhaniya a cikinsa; Masanin tarihi Arthur L. Herman ya rubuta cewa Ghandi ya fuskanci Afirka wani bangare ne na babban rashin jin dadinsa da yammacin duniya, inda ya mayar da Gandhi zuwa "marasa hadin kai." A shekara ta 1910, jaridar Gandhi, Ra'ayin Indiya, ta ba da rahotanni game da wariyar launin fata ga 'yan Afirka daga mulkin mallaka. Gandhi ya bayyana cewa, 'yan Afirka su ne "mazaunan kasar su kadai." A cikin 1910, Gandhi ya kafa, tare da taimakon abokinsa Hermann Kallenbach, al'umma mai akida da suka kira Tolstoy Farm kusa da Johannesburg. A can, Gandhi ya raya manufofinsa na tsayin daka cikin lumana. A cikin shekaru bayan bakar fata na Afirka ta Kudu sun sami 'yancin kada kuri'a a Afirka ta Kudu (1994), Gandhi ya yi shela a matsayin gwarzo na kasa mai tarin abubuwan tarihi. Gwagwarmayar samun 'yancin kai na Indiya (1915-1947) Bisa bukatar Gopal Krishna Gokhale, wanda C. F. Andrews ya mika wa Gandhi, Gandhi ya koma Indiya a cikin 1915. Ya kawo suna a duniya a matsayin babban dan kishin Indiya, masanin ra'ayi da mai tsara al'umma. Gandhi ya shiga Majalisar Dokokin Indiya kuma Gokhale ya gabatar da shi ga al'amuran Indiya, siyasa da al'ummar Indiya. Gokhale babban jigo ne na Jam'iyyar Congress Party wanda aka fi sani da kamun kai da daidaitawa, da kuma dagewar sa kan aiki a cikin tsarin. Gandhi ya ɗauki tsarin sassaucin ra'ayi na Gokhale bisa al'adun Whiggish na Biritaniya kuma ya canza shi don sa ya zama Indiyanci. Gandhi ya karbi shugabancin Majalisa a 1920 kuma ya fara kara yawan bukatu har zuwa ranar 26 ga Janairu 1930 Majalisar Indiya ta ayyana 'yancin kai na Indiya. Birtaniya ba ta amince da sanarwar ba, amma an yi shawarwari, tare da Majalisa ta taka rawa a gwamnatin larduna a ƙarshen 1930s. Gandhi da Majalisa sun janye goyon bayansu ga Raj lokacin da Mataimakin ya ayyana yaki a kan Jamus a watan Satumba na 1939 ba tare da shawara ba. Tashin hankali ya ta'azzara har sai da Gandhi ya bukaci 'yancin kai cikin gaggawa a shekarar 1942, kuma Birtaniya ta mayar da martani ta hanyar daure shi da dubun dubatar shugabannin Majalisar. A halin da ake ciki, Kungiyar Musulmai ta ba da hadin kai da Birtaniyya tare da matsa kaimi, kan adawar Gandhi, kan bukatar kafa kasar musulmi gaba daya ta Pakistan. A watan Agustan 1947, Birtaniya ta raba kasa tare da Indiya da Pakistan kowannensu ya sami 'yancin kai bisa sharuddan da Gandhi ya ƙi. '''Matsayi a Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya''' A cikin Afrilu 1918, a lokacin ƙarshen yakin duniya na 1, mataimakin ya gayyaci Gandhi zuwa taron yaki a Delhi. Gandhi ya amince ya goyi bayan yunkurin yakin. Ya bambanta da yakin Zulu na 1906 da barkewar yakin duniya na 1 a 1914, lokacin da ya dauki masu aikin sa kai ga Ambulance Corps, wannan lokacin Gandhi ya yi yunkurin daukar mayakan. A cikin wata takarda ta watan Yuni na shekara ta 1918 mai take "Ƙara don Shiga", Gandhi ya rubuta: "Don kawo irin wannan yanayi ya kamata mu sami ikon kare kanmu, wato ikon ɗaukar makamai da kuma yin amfani da su... Idan muka muna so mu koyi amfani da makamai tare da aika aika mafi girma, aikinmu ne mu sanya kanmu cikin soja." Duk da haka, Gandhi ya bayyana a cikin wata wasika zuwa ga sakataren sirri na mataimakin mataimakin cewa "da kansa ba zai kashe ko raunata kowa ba, aboki ko abokin gaba." Goyon bayan Gandhi ga yaƙin neman zaɓe ya haifar da ayar tambaya game da daidaito akan rashin tashin hankali. Sakataren sirri na Gandhi ya lura cewa "Tambayar daidaito tsakanin akidarsa ta 'Ahimsa' (rashin tashin hankali) da yakin neman daukar ma'aikata ya taso ba kawai a lokacin ba amma tun daga lokacin ake tattaunawa. Babban nasarar Gandhi ta farko ta zo ne a cikin 1917 tare da tashin hankalin Champaran a Bihar. Rikicin Champaran ya tayar da manoman yankin da galibin masu shukar Anglo-Indiya wadanda gwamnatin yankin ke marawa baya. An tilasta wa manoma yin noman indigo (Indigofera sp.), amfanin gonar Indigo rini wanda buƙatunsa ke raguwa sama da shekaru ashirin kuma an tilasta musu sayar da amfanin gonakinsu ga masu shuka akan farashi mai ƙayyadaddun. Ba su ji daɗi da wannan ba, manoman sun yi kira ga Gandhi a ashram ɗinsa a Ahmedabad. Da yake bin dabarun zanga-zangar rashin tashin hankali, Gandhi ya dauki gwamnatin da mamaki kuma ya sami rangwame daga hukumomi. '''Khida tashin hankali''' A cikin 1918, Kheda ta fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa da yunwa kuma manoma suna neman taimako daga haraji. Gandhi ya koma hedkwatarsa zuwa Nadiad, yana shirya dimbin magoya baya da sabbin masu sa kai daga yankin, wanda ya fi shahara shi ne Vallabhbhai Patel. Yin amfani da rashin haɗin kai a matsayin dabara, Gandhi ya ƙaddamar da yaƙin neman zaɓe inda manoma suka yi alkawarin rashin biyan kuɗin shiga ko da a ƙarƙashin barazanar kwace ƙasa. Kauracewa zamantakewa na mamlatdars da talatdars (jami'an kudaden shiga a gundumar) sun raka tada hankalin. Gandhi ya yi aiki tukuru don samun goyon bayan jama'a don tada zaune tsaye a fadin kasar. Tsawon watanni biyar, gwamnatin ta ƙi, amma a ƙarshen Mayu 1918, gwamnati ta ba da damar yin tanadi mai mahimmanci kuma ta sassauta sharuddan biyan harajin kuɗin shiga har sai yunwa ta ƙare. A Kheda, Vallabhbhai Patel ya wakilci manoma a tattaunawa da Birtaniya, wadanda suka dakatar da tattara kudaden shiga tare da sakin dukkan fursunonin. '''motsin Khilafa''' A shekara ta 1919, bayan yakin duniya na daya, Gandhi (mai shekaru 49) ya nemi hadin kan musulmi a fagen siyasa a yakin da yake yi da daular Burtaniya ta hanyar tallafawa daular Usmaniyya da ta sha kaye a yakin duniya. Kafin wannan yunƙuri na Gandhi, rigingimun al'umma da tarzomar addini tsakanin Hindu da Musulmai sun zama ruwan dare a Indiya ta Burtaniya, kamar tarzomar 1917-18. Gandhi ya riga ya goyi bayan kambin Burtaniya a yakin duniya na farko. Wannan shawarar ta Gandhi ta kasance wani ɓangare na alƙawarin Birtaniyya don rama taimakon da swaraj (gwamnatin kai) ga Indiyawa bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya. Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta ba da, maimakon mulkin kai, ƙananan gyare-gyare a maimakon haka, abin takaici. Gandhi. Ya shelanta niyyar satyagraha (rashin biyayya). Jami'an mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya sun yi yunƙurin su ta hanyar zartar da dokar Rowlatt, don toshe motsin Gandhi. Dokar ta bai wa gwamnatin Birtaniyya damar daukar mahalarta masu tayar da kayar baya a matsayin masu laifi kuma ta ba ta tushen doka don kama kowa don "hana tsarewa mara iyaka, daurewa ba tare da bitar shari'a ba ko kuma bukatar yin gwaji." Gandhi yana jin cewa haɗin gwiwar Hindu da Musulmi ya zama dole don ci gaban siyasa a kan Burtaniya. Ya dauki nauyin kungiyar Khilafat, inda musulmi 'yan Sunna a Indiya, shugabanninsu irin su sarakunan sarakunan Indiya da 'yan'uwan Ali suka yi wa Khalifan Turkiyya zagon kasa a matsayin wata alama ta hadin kai ta al'ummar musulmi 'yan Sunna (ummah). Sun dauki Halifa a matsayin hanyar da suke da ita na goyon bayan Musulunci da shari'ar Musulunci bayan daular Usmaniyya ta sha kaye a yakin duniya na daya. Taimakon Gandhi ga kungiyar Khilafat ya haifar da sakamako iri-iri. Da farko ya haifar da goyon bayan musulmi mai karfi ga Gandhi. Duk da haka, shugabannin Hindu ciki har da Rabindranath Tagore sun koka game da shugabancin Gandhi saboda suna adawa da amincewa ko goyon bayan Halifan Musulunci na Sunni a Turkiyya. Ƙaruwar goyon bayan musulmi ga Gandhi, bayan da ya jajirce wajen yaƙin Halifa, ya dakatar da rikicin kabilanci tsakanin Hindu da Musulmi na ɗan lokaci. Ya ba da shaida na haɗin kai tsakanin al'umma a cikin haɗin gwiwa na Rowlatt satyagraha zanga-zangar zanga-zangar, yana daga darajar Gandhi a matsayin jagoran siyasa ga Birtaniya. Goyon bayansa ga kungiyar Khilafat ya kuma taimaka wa Gandhi a gefe Muhammad Ali Jinnah, wanda ya bayyana adawarsa da tsarin tafiyar satyagraha rashin hadin kai na Gandhi. Jinnah ya fara samar da goyon bayansa mai zaman kansa, sannan ya ci gaba da jagorantar bukatar kasashen yamma da gabashin Pakistan. Ko da yake sun amince gabaɗaya game da 'yancin kai na Indiya, sun yi rashin jituwa kan hanyoyin cimma wannan. Jinnah ta fi sha'awar mu'amala da Birtaniya ta hanyar shawarwarin tsarin mulki, maimakon yunkurin tayar da hankulan jama'a. A cikin 1922, ƙungiyar Khilafat ta rushe a hankali bayan ƙarshen ƙungiyar rashin haɗin gwiwa tare da kama Gandhi. Yawancin shugabannin musulmi da wakilai sun yi watsi da Gandhi da Majalisa. Rikicin kabilanci tsakanin mabiya addinin Hindu da musulmi ya yi tashe, kuma munanan tarzomar addini ta sake bayyana a garuruwa da dama, tare da 91 a Lardunan Agra da Oudh kadai. '''Rashin haɗin kai''' Babban labarin: motsin da ba haɗin kai Da littafinsa Hind Swaraj (1909) Gandhi, mai shekaru 40, ya bayyana cewa an kafa mulkin Birtaniya a Indiya tare da haɗin gwiwar Indiyawa kuma ya tsira ne kawai saboda wannan haɗin gwiwar. Idan Indiyawa suka ƙi ba da haɗin kai, mulkin Birtaniya zai rushe kuma swaraj ('yancin kai na Indiya) zai zo. A watan Fabrairun 1919, Gandhi ya gargadi mataimakin na Indiya tare da hanyar sadarwa ta USB cewa idan Birtaniyya za ta zartar da Dokar Rowlatt, zai yi kira ga Indiyawa su fara rashin biyayya. Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta yi biris da shi kuma ta zartar da dokar, tana mai cewa ba za ta yi kasa a gwiwa ba ga barazanar. Rikicin jama'a na satyagraha ya biyo baya, tare da taruwa don nuna rashin amincewa da Dokar Rowlatt. A ranar 30 ga Maris 1919, jami'an shari'ar Burtaniya sun bude wuta kan taron mutane marasa makami, cikin lumana, suna halartar satyagraha a Delhi. Jama’a sun yi tarzoma domin ramuwar gayya. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1919, ranar bikin Hindu, Gandhi ya nemi taron jama'a da su tuna kada su cutar da mutanen Burtaniya, ko kuma su kashe su, amma su nuna bacin ransu da zaman lafiya, su kaurace wa kayayyakin Birtaniyya da kona duk wani tufafin Burtaniya da suka mallaka. Ya kuma jaddada amfani da rashin tashin hankali ga Birtaniya da juna, ko da kuwa wani bangare ya yi amfani da tashin hankali. Al'umma a duk faɗin Indiya sun ba da sanarwar shirin yin taro da yawa don yin zanga-zangar. Gwamnati ta gargade shi da kar ya shiga Delhi, amma Gandhi ya ki bin umarnin kuma an kama shi a ranar 9 ga Afrilu. A ranar 13 ga Afrilun 1919, mutane da suka hada da mata da yara suka taru a wani wurin shakatawa na Amritsar, kuma jami’in sojan Indiya na Birtaniya Reginald Dyer ya kewaye su ya umarci dakarun da ke karkashinsa da su yi musu luguden wuta. Sakamakon kisan gilla na Jallianwala Bagh (ko kisan kiyashin Amritsar) na daruruwan Sikh da farar hula na Hindu ya fusata yankin amma wasu 'yan Birtaniyya da sassan kafofin watsa labarai na Burtaniya sun goyi bayansu a matsayin martanin da ya dace. Gandhi a Ahmedabad, a washegarin kisan kiyashin da aka yi a Amritsar, bai soki Birtaniya ba, a maimakon haka ya soki ‘yan kasarsa da cewa ba su yi amfani da ‘kauna’ kadai ba wajen magance ‘kiyayya’ da gwamnatin Birtaniya ke yi. Gandhi ya bukaci al’ummar Indiya da su daina duk wani tashin hankali, su daina barnata dukiyoyi, sannan suka yi gaggawar mutuwa don matsawa Indiyawan dakatar da tarzoma. Kisan gillar da Gandhi ya mayar da martani ga shi ya motsa mutane da yawa, amma kuma ya sa wasu Sikhs da Hindu suka fusata cewa Dyer yana tserewa da kisan kai. Turawan Ingila ne suka kafa kwamitocin bincike, wanda Gandhi ya nemi Indiyawa da su kauracewa taron. Abubuwan da suka faru, kisan kiyashi da martani na Birtaniya, ya jagoranci Gandhi ga imani cewa Indiyawa ba za su taba samun daidaito daidai ba a karkashin mulkin Birtaniya, kuma ya mayar da hankalinsa ga swaraj da 'yancin kai na siyasa ga Indiya. A cikin 1921, Gandhi shine shugaban majalisar dokokin Indiya. Ya sake shirya majalisar. Tare da Congress yanzu a bayan Gandhi, da goyon bayan musulmi ya haifar da goyon bayan kungiyar Khilafat don mayar da Halifa a Turkiyya, Gandhi yana da goyon bayan siyasa da kuma kulawar Birtaniya Raj. Gandhi ya faɗaɗa dandalinsa na rashin haɗin kai don haɗawa da manufofin swadeshi - ƙauracewa kayan da aka kera daga waje, musamman kayan Burtaniya. Wanda ke da alaƙa da wannan shine shawararsa na cewa duk Indiyawa za su sa khadi (kafaffen gida) maimakon kayan da aka yi a Biritaniya. Gandhi ya gargadi maza da mata Indiyawa, masu arziki ko matalauta, da su ba da lokaci a kowace rana suna juyar da khadi don goyon bayan yunkurin 'yancin kai. Baya ga kauracewa kayayyakin Biritaniya, Gandhi ya bukaci jama'a da su kauracewa cibiyoyin Biritaniya da kotunan shari'a, da su yi murabus daga aikin gwamnati, su yi watsi da lakabi da martabar Burtaniya. Don haka Gandhi ya fara tafiyarsa da nufin gurgunta gwamnatin Indiya ta Biritaniya ta fuskar tattalin arziki, siyasa da gudanarwa. Roko na "Rashin haɗin kai" ya girma, shahararsa ta zamantakewa ta jawo shiga daga kowane bangare na al'ummar Indiya. An kama Gandhi a ranar 10 ga Maris 1922, an yi masa shari'a don tayar da zaune tsaye, kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru shida a gidan yari. Ya fara hukuncinsa ne a ranar 18 ga Maris 1922. Da Gandhi ya keɓe a gidan yari, Majalisar Dokokin Indiya ta rabu gida biyu, wanda Chitta Ranjan Das da Motilal Nehru ke jagoranta suna goyon bayan shiga jam'iyyar a majalisar dokoki, ɗayan kuma Chakravarti Rajagopalachari da Sardar Vallabhbhai suka jagoranta. Patel, yana adawa da wannan motsi. Bugu da kari kuma an kawo karshen hadin gwiwa tsakanin mabiya addinin Hindu da musulmi yayin da kungiyar Khilafat ta ruguje tare da bullowar Atatürk a kasar Turkiyya. Shugabannin Musulmi sun bar Majalisa suka fara kafa kungiyoyin Musulmi. Tushen siyasar da ke bayan Gandhi ya rabu gida biyu. An sake shi a cikin Fabrairu 1924 don aikin appendicitis, wanda ya yi shekaru biyu kawai. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Gandhi student full.jpg|Gandhi a lokacin yana Dalibi File:Gandhi_turban.jpg|Gandhi a lokacin kuriciya </gallery> ==Manazarta == <references/> {{DEFAULTSORT:Gandhi, Mahatma}} [[Category:Mutanen Indiya]] cadh35dbprvkv69gv49d3ofkyh4f1k4 0 10278 826789 339481 2026-04-26T20:19:27Z ~2026-25510-97 44342 Gyara 826789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:New York 1911.webm|thumb|Birnin New York a shekarar 1911]] '''New York''' jiha ne daga jihohin ƙasar Tarayyar [[Amurka]], a Arewa maso Gabashin ƙasar. Jihar Tarayyar [[Amurka]] ne daga shekara ta 1788, Babban birnin jihar [[New York]], Albany ne. Jihar [[New York]] yana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita arabba’i 141,300, da yawan jama'a 19,542,209, Gwamnan jihar [[New York]] Andrew Cuomo ne, daga shekara ta 2018. == Tarihi == == Mulki == == Arziki == == Wasanni == == Fannin tsarotsaro == == Kimiya da Fasaha == == Sifiri == === Sifirin Jirgin Sama === === Sifirin Jirgin Kasa === == Al'adu == === Mutane === === Yaruka === === Abinci === === Tufafi === == Ilimi == == Addinai == === Musulunci === === Kiristanci === == Hotuna == == Hoto == <gallery> File:Long Island City New York May 2015 panorama 3.jpg|Long Island a New York File:Pont de Brooklyn de nuit - Octobre 2008 edit.jpg|Pont de Brooklyn kenan File:Lower Manhattan from Brooklyn May 2015 panorama.jpg|Brooklyn File:New York City (New York, USA), Brooklyn Bridge -- 2012 -- 6630.jpg|New York File:New York state geographic map-en.svg|Taswiran New York File:New York City (New York, USA), Rockefeller Center -- 2012 -- 6413.jpg| Garin Nwe York </gallery> {{DEFAULTSORT:New York}} [[Category:Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka]] {{Jihohin Taraiyar Amurka}} hua0qmn52k49hh4xvj8u1av6us8w4w0 0 10715 826745 826597 2026-04-26T19:00:57Z Mahuta 11340 826745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Mallam Adamu Ciroma, IMF 62ph020927tl.jpg|thumb|Adamu Corona a wani taro yana kawo wasu muhimman abubuwa]] '''Adamu Ciroma''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwanba, shekara ta 1934, kuma ya mutu a ranar 5 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2018)<ref>{{Cite web |title=BREAKING: Ex-Minister of Finance, Adamu Ciroma, died at 84 |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/breaking-ex-minister-of-finance-adamu-ciroma-died-at-84-259556.html |access-date=2019-04-05 |archive-date=2018-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705180410/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/breaking-ex-minister-of-finance-adamu-ciroma-died-at-84-259556.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kasan ce [[dan Nijeriya|ɗan Nijeriya]] ɗan siyasa kuma Gwamnan [[Babban Bankin Nijeriya|Babban Bankin]] Nijeriya.An haife shi ne a birnin [[Potiskum|Pataskum]] dake [[Jihar Yobe]]<ref name=":0">Bolaji Adepegba, ''Adamu Ciroma, tested and trusted yet uncrowned'', Daily Independent Online, Nov 27, 2003 [http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/nov/27/0102.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203442/http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/nov/27/0102.html|date=2016-03-04}}</ref>.<ref name=":1">Olajide Aluko. Nigeria and Britain after Gowon, African Affairs > Vol. 76, No. 304 (Jul., 1977), pp. 9</ref> Ya kasan ce memban Jam'iyyar [[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] ne har yayi wafati bai sauya sheƙa ba daga (PDP). == Aikin jamhuriya ta biyu == A shekarar 1979, Ciroma yana ɗaya daga cikin masu neman takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar NPN ta ƙasa da suka tsaya takara a zaɓen fidda gwani na shugaban jam'iyyar, <ref>Shehu Shagari. Beckoned To Serve. Heinemann Educational Books, Nigeria, 2001.pp214.</ref> wanda ake zaton gungun Mafiya Kaduna marasa fuska ne suka ɗauki nauyinsa, ƙungiyar da ake yaɗa jita-jita ta ƴan boko daga Arewa, hafsoshi da jami'ai da ma’aikatan da aka jibge a kewayen Kaduna.<ref>Shehu Othman, Classes, Crises and Coup: The Demise of Shagari's Regime, African Affairs > Vol. 83, No. 333 Oct., 1984. pp 447, 449  </ref> Ya zo na uku a zaɓen fidda gwani, bayan Shehu Shagari da Maitama Sule, wanda Hamza Rafindadi Zayyad shugaban kamfanin ci gaban New Nigeria ne ya ɗauki nauyin takararsa.<ref>William Reno. Old Brigades, Money Bags, New Breeds, and the Ironies of Reform in Nigeria. Canadian Journal of African Studies > Vol. 27, No. 1 (1993), pp. 75</ref> Ciroma ya kasance sakataren NPN a taƙaice, sannan ya riƙe muƙamin ministan masana'antu, noma da kuɗi a lokuta daban-daban. A matsayinsa na babban minista a gwamnatin Shagari, ya taka rawar gani wajen aiwatar da ajandar shugaban ƙasa musamman a fannin samar da abinci da kuma haɗa kai da hukumomin ƙasa da ƙasakasa wajen bunƙasa shirin bunƙasa noma (ADP).<ref>Quentin Peel, "Shagari shuffles Cabinet", Financial Times, February 16, 1982.</ref> A watan Satumba na 1983, an naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin miƙa mulki na shugaban ƙasa, wanda ya kara nuna amincewar da shugaban kasar ke da shi kan iyawar sa. An wajabta wa kwamitin ne ya gabatar da shawarwari kan yadda za a sake fasalin gwamnatin tarayya da ke cikin mawuyacin hali.<ref>Quentin Peel, "President's party wins majority in Nigerian Assembly", Financial Times, September 6, 1983.</ref> == Aikin Jamhuriya ta Hudu == Ciroma dai ya kasance ɗan jam’iyyar PDP ne. Ya taɓa riƙe muƙamin ministar kuɗi a gwamnatin Olusegun Obasanjo daga shekarar 1999 zuwa 2003. A halin yanzu uwargidansa Maryam Ciroma ce ke riƙe da mukamin shugabar mata na jam'iyyar PDP ta ƙasa a Najeriya. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{Stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ciroma, Adamu}} [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin Babban bankin Najeriya]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1934]] [[Category:Yan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar Yobe]] sziro9url6xsoye0b0n1ir7hpkt4ro8 826985 826745 2026-04-27T10:51:34Z Mahuta 11340 826985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Mallam Adamu Ciroma, IMF 62ph020927tl.jpg|thumb|Adamu Corona a wani taro yana kawo wasu muhimman abubuwa]] '''Adamu Ciroma''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwanba, shekara ta 1934, kuma ya mutu a ranar 5 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2018)<ref>{{Cite web |title=BREAKING: Ex-Minister of Finance, Adamu Ciroma, died at 84 |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/breaking-ex-minister-of-finance-adamu-ciroma-died-at-84-259556.html |access-date=2019-04-05 |archive-date=2018-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705180410/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/breaking-ex-minister-of-finance-adamu-ciroma-died-at-84-259556.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kasan ce [[dan Nijeriya|ɗan Nijeriya]] ɗan siyasa kuma Gwamnan [[Babban Bankin Nijeriya|Babban Bankin]] Nijeriya.An haife shi ne a birnin [[Potiskum|Pataskum]] dake [[Jihar Yobe]]<ref name=":0">Bolaji Adepegba, ''Adamu Ciroma, tested and trusted yet uncrowned'', Daily Independent Online, Nov 27, 2003 [http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/nov/27/0102.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203442/http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/nov/27/0102.html|date=2016-03-04}}</ref>.<ref name=":1">Olajide Aluko. Nigeria and Britain after Gowon, African Affairs > Vol. 76, No. 304 (Jul., 1977), pp. 9</ref> Ya kasan ce memban Jam'iyyar [[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] ne har yayi wafati bai sauya sheƙa ba daga (PDP). == Aikin jamhuriya ta biyu == A shekarar 1979, Ciroma yana ɗaya daga cikin masu neman takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar NPN ta ƙasa da suka tsaya takara a zaɓen fidda gwani na shugaban jam'iyyar, <ref>Shehu Shagari. Beckoned To Serve. Heinemann Educational Books, Nigeria, 2001.pp214.</ref> wanda ake zaton gungun Mafiya Kaduna marasa fuska ne suka ɗauki nauyinsa, ƙungiyar da ake yaɗa jita-jita ta ƴan boko daga Arewa, hafsoshi da jami'ai da ma’aikatan da aka jibge a kewayen Kaduna.<ref>Shehu Othman, Classes, Crises and Coup: The Demise of Shagari's Regime, African Affairs > Vol. 83, No. 333 Oct., 1984. pp 447, 449  </ref> Ya zo na uku a zaɓen fidda gwani, bayan Shehu Shagari da Maitama Sule, wanda Hamza Rafindadi Zayyad shugaban kamfanin ci gaban New Nigeria ne ya ɗauki nauyin takararsa.<ref>William Reno. Old Brigades, Money Bags, New Breeds, and the Ironies of Reform in Nigeria. Canadian Journal of African Studies > Vol. 27, No. 1 (1993), pp. 75</ref> Ciroma ya kasance sakataren NPN a taƙaice, sannan ya riƙe muƙamin ministan masana'antu, noma da kuɗi a lokuta daban-daban. A matsayinsa na babban minista a gwamnatin Shagari, ya taka rawar gani wajen aiwatar da ajandar shugaban ƙasa musamman a fannin samar da abinci da kuma haɗa kai da hukumomin ƙasa da ƙasakasa wajen bunƙasa shirin bunƙasa noma (ADP).<ref>Quentin Peel, "Shagari shuffles Cabinet", Financial Times, February 16, 1982.</ref> A watan Satumba na 1983, an naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin miƙa mulki na shugaban ƙasa, wanda ya kara nuna amincewar da shugaban ƙasar ke da shi kan iyawar sa. An wajabta wa kwamitin ne ya gabatar da shawarwari kan yadda za a sake fasalin gwamnatin tarayya da ke cikin mawuyacin hali.<ref>Quentin Peel, "President's party wins majority in Nigerian Assembly", Financial Times, September 6, 1983.</ref> == Aikin Jamhuriya ta Hudu == Ciroma dai ya kasance ɗan jam’iyyar PDP ne. Ya taɓa riƙe muƙamin ministar kuɗi a gwamnatin Olusegun Obasanjo daga shekarar 1999 zuwa 2003. A halin yanzu uwargidansa Maryam Ciroma ce ke riƙe da mukamin shugabar mata na jam'iyyar PDP ta ƙasa a Najeriya. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{Stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ciroma, Adamu}} [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin Babban bankin Najeriya]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1934]] [[Category:Yan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar Yobe]] 3rw1mkneoxgbhvdxaen1hoxr71kn8v3 0 12402 826890 442316 2026-04-27T06:46:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gatarin kurege''' (''gààtárín kùùréégéé'' a [[Sokoto]]) (''Eulophia cristata'') [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] c1qq0uflabjz1isjyxe1emfksw3j6ym 0 12416 826785 290368 2026-04-26T20:16:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Antia toxi 101009-7190 mp.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Farin loko]] [[File:Antiaris toxicaria-Brahmagiri, AJT Johnsingh. .DSCN7493.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Farin loko]] '''Farin loko''' (''fárín loko'') (''Antiaris africana'') [[bishiya]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> [[File:Antia toxi 101009-7191 mp.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Farin loko]] [[File:Annales d'horticulture et de botanique, ou Flore des jardins du royaume des Pays-Bas, et histoire des plantes cultives les plus intressantes des possessions nerlandaises aux Indes orientales, en (18382094706).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Farin loko]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bishiya]] 5pn24cb1pxr2z6175xjmx9xun21v5o2 0 12418 826859 444224 2026-04-27T04:17:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Range plants of Arizona and New Mexico - names, symbols and notations (IA CAT10507105).pdf|thumb|Zanen gaba a magziko]] '''Gaba''' (''gábàà'') (''Andropogon tectorum; A. gayanus'') [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] tg128m2xo01rg149c0ycv7k05cnsmkl 0 12552 826956 710439 2026-04-27T09:00:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Geranci''' yare ne wanda asalin sa daga jihar [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Najeriya]]. Kamar yadda bincike ya nuna akwai sama da mutane 200,000 waɗanda ƴan asalin ƙabilar Gera ne kuma Geranci shine yaren da suka fi ji da iyawa a yayin magana. Duk da cewa yanzu Hausa ta kusa gama laƙume yaren, a da akwai ƙauyuka da suka kai 30 waɗanda duka yaren Gera ne, amma yanzu bazai wuce ƙauyuka 4 ba ko su Hausa kusan gama haɗiye su. ==Kalmomi== Kalmomin Geranci da Hausa da [[Turanci]]:<ref>Blench, Roger. 2006. ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/Chadic/West/Gere/Gere%20three%20lang%20vocab.pdf Gere-Hausa-English wordlist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523002453/https://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/Chadic/West/Gere/Gere%20three%20lang%20vocab.pdf |date=2024-05-23 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Geranci !! Hausa !! Turanci !! (notes) |- | auzau || [[manomi]] || farmers || |- | babi || [[biyar]] || five || |- | bana || [[gida]] || home || |- | bar || [[goma]] || ten || |- | bara || [[gada]] || small antelope || |- | basi || [[ribi]] || beniseed || |- | bawi || [[baki]] || mouth || [báwî] |- | belmi || [[goggo]] || baboon || |- | beshim || [[shidda]] || six || |- | bewa || [[bunsuru]] || he goat || |- | biɗi || [[biri]] || monkey || |- | bigini || [[inane]] || Where? || [bìgínî] |- | bini || [[dutsen nika]] || grinding stone || bìní |- | binmi || [[sani]] || to know || [bín!mí] |- | birbi || [[dare]] || night || |- | bisaɓu || [[damina]] || rainy season || |- | bisi || [[karba]] || take || [bìsì] |- | bishimbulu || [[bakwai]] || seven || |- | biwi || [[baya]] || back || [bíwì] |- | bizawa || [[kaka]] || harvest time || |- | boɓa || [[uba]] || father || |- | bori || [[koma]] || go back || bórì |- | bougendiki || [[bakin hanya]] || mouth of the road || |- | buɗa || [[wanka]] || to bathe || ɓùdá |- | buɗa || [[toka]] || ashes || |- | bufishi || [[da rana]] || day || |- | bunu || [[nan]] || here || |- | bur || [[ba ni]] || give me || |- | bura || [[gawa]] || dead body || bùrá |- | burmi || [[guiwa]] || knee || |- | burni || [[ba ni]] || give me || |- | busa || [[hazo]] || harmattan || |- | busimi || [[kirji]] || chest || |- | busiya || [[hula]] || cap/hat || [búsìyà] |- | buwa || [[rami]] || hole || [bùwá] |- | buya || [[gemu]] || beard || |- | gab || [[cikin]] || inside || gǝb |- | ɓa || [[Allah]] || God || |- | ɓaninja || [[tara]] || nine || |- | ɓiliwi || [[tsuntsu]] || bird || |- | caɗeca || [[yayane]] || How is it? || |- | catili || [[jemage]] || bat || |- | dana || [[kujera]] || chair || |- | dari || [[daddawa]] || locust bean || [dǝri] |- | darni || [[danga]] || fence (local) || [dǝrni] |- | dauduwa || [[kudi]] || money || |- | dejana || [[burugali]] || stick for blending soup || |- | denasiri || [[masara]] || maize || |- | dina || [[shekara]] || year || |- | dinza || [[alade]] || pig || |- | diumi || [[zabuwa]] || guinea fowl || |- | dora || [[aboki]] || male friend || dórà |- | dora || [[rafi]] || pond || dórá |- | dumbula || [[kadangariya]] || female lizard || |- | dunja || [[kwado]] || toad || |- | duru || [[gyada]] || groundnut || |- | dusa || [[buge shi]] || beat him || |- | dusha || [[doki]] || horse || |- | duwa || [[duka]] || to beat || |- | duwala || [[doya]] || cassava (fresh) || |- | ɗani || [[sama]] || up, sky, heaven || |- | ɗashi || [[gobe]] || tomorrow || |- | ɗawimi || [[an samu]] || found || |- | ɗelimsa || [[harshe]] || tongue || |-y | ɗelmi || [[ɗanɗena]] || lick || |- | ɗeru || [[babu]] || no; none || |- | ɗishi || [[fata]] || skin of an animal || |- | ɗuwa || [[wari]] || bad smell || |- | faɗa || [[ciwo]] || pain || |- | fala || [[gona]] || farm || |- | fanni || [[cire mini]] || remove it for me || |- | faya || [[wadansu]] || others bilabial fricative || [fàyá] |- | faya || [[wutsiya]] || tail || [fáyà] |- | feɗa || [[fartanya]] || hoe || |- | ficci || [[fita]] || going out || |- | fiɗi || [[fito]] || go out || |- | fishi || [[rana]] || sun || |- | fituwi || [[shekaranjiya]] || day before yesterday || |- | gaara || [[tsofuwa tsoho]] || old person || |- | gab || [[cikin]] || inside || |- | gali || [[tara]] || gather together || galî or galii? |- | gawa || [[daki]] || room || |- | gembuwa || [[kofa]] || door || |- | gendiki || [[hanya]] || road || |- | gicci || [[dauka]] || taking || |- | gini || [[dauka]] || take it || |- | ginni || [[dauko mini]] || take it for me || |- | gisira || [[gishiri]] || salt || gisɨra |- | giwi || [[dutse]] || stone || |- | gowa || [[kadewa]] || pumpkin || |- | gulɓuni || [[farshe]] || fingernail || gulɓɨni |- | gurgutu || [[kurciya]] || laughing dove || |- | gwalfa || [[sarauta]] || authority, power || |- | gwami || [[hada]] || gather together || |- | gwandi || [[burgu]] || giant rat male bandicoot? || |- | gwandimi || [[zaure]] || parlor, sitting room || |- | haɗi || [[ka ci]] || eat (command) || |- | hama || [[ruwa]] || water || |- | handimi || [[wake]] || beans (generic) || |- | hani || [[ina]] || Where? || |- | hara || [[kaya]] || thorn || |- | harɗa || [[hakarkari]] || ribs || |- | hauni || [[nuna mini]] || show me || |- | haushi || [[gari]] || flour for bread || |- | hauya || [[muciya]] || TZ stirring stick || |- | hawi || [[ciki]] || stomach || |- | hawiya || [[one]] || thousand || |- | haza || [[hanji]] || intestines || |- | huɗu || [[fuɗu]] || four || |- | huki || [[sake]] || release (it) || |- | huni || [[zuba]] || pour it for me || |- | hurɗu || [[takwas]] || eight || |- | husha || [[wuka]] || knife for cutting meat || |- | isa || [[koyi]] || egg || |- | jijana || [[burugali]] || small forked stick for blending soup || |- | jimusuni || [[abin su]] || their thing; theirs || |- | jinguma || [[damisa]] || leopard || |- | jitina || [[abinci]] || food free || var. jicina |- | ka || [[kai]] || head || |- | kabaɗi || [[hamsin]] || fifty || |- | kabeshim || [[settin]] || sixty || |- | kabishimbulu || [[saba'ín]] || seventy || |- | kaɓaninja || [[tasa'in]] || ninety || |- | kahuɗu || [[arba'in]] || forty || |- | kahurɗu || [[tammanin]] || eighty || |- | kakunu || [[talatin]] || thirty || |- | kalfa || [[rumfa]] || shed || |- | kali || [[wuce]] || pass || |- | kalmi || [[dodo]] || Gere idol || |- | kambulu || [[ashirin]] || twenty || |- | kamiya || [[anjima]] || later || |- | kamya || [[da]] || long ago || kǝmya & maybe [my] cons |- | kande || [[zan je]] || I will go || |- | karatu || [[karatu]] || reading || |- | karfa || [[takalmi]] || shoe || f=bilabial fricative |- | karkali || [[kura]] || hyena || |- | kasmi || [[bera]] || rat (house) || kasǝmi – ǝ is transitional v |- | kasuwa || [[kasuwa]] || market || |- | kawa || [[fada]] || fighting || [káwà] |- | kawa || [[kunya]] || shy || [káwà] |- | kawuya || [[shinkafa]] || rice (head of grass) || |- | kirfa || [[kifi]] || fish || f=bilabial fricative |- | kirni || [[gaya mini]] || tell-me || |- | kirsa || [[kuraraji]] || disease of a cow (boils) || |- | kirsi || [[gaya masa]] || tell-him || |- | kiti || [[koyo]] || learn (command) || |- | koi || [[kalwa]] || locust pod flour || |- | kukuɗa || [[kunu]] || “pap”, drink from flour || |- | kumbu || [[damo]] || monitor lizard (land) || |- | kumi || [[kunne]] || ear || |- | kunu || [[uku]] || three || kunnun (nasalized) |- | kwaɗa || [[kwarya]] || calabash || |- | kwali || [[garma]] || plough || |- | kwalmi || [[na ji]] || I have heard || transitional vowel |- | kwamnimi || [[ya 'ishe ni]] || I am full || kwamnɨmi |- | kwanga || [[lauje]] || sickle to cut rice and grass || |- | ƙ || || with, and, pronoun || |- | ƙeɗuwi || [[kitse]] || fat || |- | ƙsansa || [[da safe]] || early morning || |- | laawi || [[yaro]] || child || |- | lanu || [[yaron nan]] || this boy || |- | laumi || [[zaafi]] || hot || |- | lawi || [[nama]] || meat || |- | li || [[tashi]] || stand || |- | lini || [[wuya]] || neck || |- | linza || [[jijiya]] || root || |- | loomi || [[haihuwa]] || birth || |- | lumba || || one hundred || |- | lumba || [[karkashi]] || leaf for soup || lùmbá |- | lumba || [[dri]] || one hundred || |- | lumsa || [[juji]] || rubbish heap || |- | lunga || [[yaayi]] || bushy or weedy || |- | lungura || [[riga]] || cloth || |- | mala || [[daji]] || bush || maala? |- | malu || [[sarki]] || chief || |- | mamba || [[zawo]] || diarrhoea || |- | mandursha || [[kunama]] || scorpion || |- | man || [[bari]] || leave it || |- | mani || [[bari]] || leave it || |- | mansa || [[bar shi]] || leave him || |- | marɗa || [[gero]] || millet || |- | mauri || [[ɓarawo]] || thief || |- | meɗa || [[wani]] || someone || |- | membi || [[wani wuri]] || somewhere || |- | misini || [[giya]] || alcohol/beer || |- | mizi || [[miji]] || man || |- | moi || [[ɗaya]] || one || |- | mori || [[mai]] || oil || |- | mundi || [[mune]] || we (emphatic) || |- | mundu || [[mata]] || woman || |- | munu || [[nawa]] || how much? || |- | mbarmi || [[mutani]] || human being || |- | mbashini || [[kokowa]] || traditional wrestling || |- | mbauda || [[kwando]] || basket (big) || |- | mbera || [[baƙo]] || stranger || |- | mbo || [[wawa]] || fool || |- | mbulu || [[biyu]] || two || |- | naya || [[wancan]] || that-one || |- | ne || [[gani]] || look || nê |- | nena || [[ganni]] || look-at-me || |- | newa || [[karfi]] || strong || |- | niga || [[ga ni]] || here I am || [nɨga] |- | nimini || [[nawa]] || my own || [nɨmɨni] |- | nimishi || [[naki]] || your (singular, fem) || [nɨmɨshi] |- | nu || [[wannan]] || this || |- | ndali || [[duba]] || look || |- | ndei || [[sanyi]] || feeling cold || ndǝi ndéí |- | ndei || [[tafi]] || go (command) || ndèì |- | ndini || [[yara]] || children || |- | ndiya || [[sa'a]] || cow || |- | ndoma || [[jini]] || blood || |- | ndosi || [[tukunya]] || a pot (for cooking) || |- | ndui || [[zo]] || come || |- | nduƙnaya || [[ta can]] || over there || nduƙɨnaya |- | ndurmbera || [[baaƙo]] || stranger || |- | ndushi || [[kawo]] || bring || |- | ngaimi || [[kulle]] || cat || |- | ngama || [[daɗi]] || good || |- | ngani || [[ɗaura]] || tie || |- | ngarngazi || [[mijin kadangare]] || male lizard || |- | ngirga || [[jaka]] || shoulder bag || |- | ngora || [[jaki]] || donkey || |- | ngwaimi || [[ganye]] || leaves of a tree || |- | ngwali || [[jifa]] || throw || |- | njoni || [[jiya]] || yesterday || |- | nwanda || [[tauri]] || hard || nwàndá |- | nwanda || [[uwa]] || mother || nwàndá |- | nwaki || [[ɗanɗana]] || “taste” || |- | har || [[har]] || until, up to, even || |- | ragsha || [[zagi]] || insult || rǝgsha |- | randa || [[rina]] || wasp || |- | rewi || [[konkot]] || long, slim snake, moves fast, mildly poisonous || rèwí |- | rewi || [[tsoro]] || fear || réwí |- | ri || [[shiga]] || enter || |- | rini || [[yau]] || today || [rínì] |- | rini || [[inuwa]] || shadow || [rìní] |- | ruda || [[dutse]] || hill, mountain || |- | ruɗi || [[ɗebo]] || carry it || |- | rwani || [[murfu]] || hearth || |- | rwanrwan || [[gulma]] || gossiping || |- | rwanshirwani || [[gofan tukunya]] || forked stick used to secure TZ pot while stirring || |- | sara || [[hanu]] || hand || |- | sawa || [[dawa]] || guinea corn || |- | se || [[ka sha]] || drink || |- | si || [[kafa]] || leg || |- | sima || [[suna]] || name || |- | sini || [[kwanta]] || lying down || |- | sinnya || [[zuma]] || honeybee || [sinɲa] |- | sisiɓa || [[angulu]] || vulture || |- | soyi || [[maye]] || witchcraft || |- | succi || [[aika]] || sending || |- | suɗa || [[aiki]] || work || |- | sumburi || [[zomo]] || hare || |- | sundi || [[sune]] || them, they || |- | shafa || [[itace]] || wood || |- | shanga || [[guza]] || monitor lizard (water) || |- | shasha || [[akuya]] || goat || |- | shi || [[ya haɗu]] || have || |- | swaka || [[magana]] || talking || |- | swamɗa || [[ɗamara]] || tucking in shirt || |- | swari || [[rawa]] || dancing & singing || |- | shwanda || [[ɗata]] || bile || |- | shwandini || [[fisari]] || urine || |- | shwanƙla || [[rago]] || lazy || |- | taawa || [[fa'a]] || smooth area on stone (for drying, etc.) || táawà |- | taɗiya || [[tacan]] || that place || |- | tami || [[zauna]] || sit down || |- | tandi || [[taka]] || step on it || |- | taumi || [[ya]] || kare finish || |- | tausa || [[kama shi]] || hold him || |- | tawi || [[kama]] || hold it || tǝwi |- | teera || [[sanda]] || shepherd's staff || tée!rá |- | telca || [[tsalle]] || jumping || |- | tera || [[wata]] || moon || tèrâ free var. cera |- | toɗi || [[barci]] || sleeping || |- | tukumi || [[magirbi]] || hoe used for digging || |- | tunku || [[tinkiya]] || sheep || |- | tunu || [[hakane]] || like that || |- | tushi || [[zuciya]] || heart || |- | tuɗigeni || [[shitta]] || four days hence || |- | tutaɗiya || [[gaata]] || day after the day after tomorrow || |- | tuwa || [[jibi]] || next tomorrow || |- | twakla || [[ƙoko]] || drinking calabash || |- | twana || [[shuuka]] || planting || |- | waimi || [[karfe]] || iron (metal) || |- | waitir || [[kajin dutse]] || rock fowl small black bush fowl that travels on the ground in flocks || |- | wambi || [[makudewa]] || to bend || |- | wani || [[fada]] || say || |- | wanki || [[zubar]] || to pour || |- | wansini || [[kashi]] || bone || [wansɨni] or [wansini] |- | wara || [[miya]] || soup || |- | warga || [[girki]] || cooking || |- | warya || [[barewa]] || small antelope || |- | wasa || [[rani]] || dry season || |- | washa || [[hakori]] || teeth || |- | washuwi || [[sauri]] || quick || |- | wasina || [[tafiya]] || travelling, walking || [wasɨna] |- | wasuwi || [[maciji]] || snake || |- | wata || [[tuwo]] || TZ || |- | waya || [[bishiya]] || tree || wàyá |- | waya || [[maagani]] || medicine || wàyá |- | waya || [[hayaƙi]] || smoke || wàayá |- | wui || [[nono]] || milk || |- | wula || [[awaki]] || goats || [wúlà] |- | wula || [[igiya]] || rope || [wùlá] |- | wunshini || [[hanci]] || nose || |- | wusi || [[wuta]] || fire || |- | wuya || [[ciyawa]] || grass || |- | yaanu || [[menene wannan]] || What is this? || |- | yali || [[karami]] || small || yǝli |- | yankini || [[ɗan'aniya]] || small top stone of grinding stone || yankɨni |- | yausa || [[fakara]] || partridge || |- | yawi || [[dawo]] || come back || |- | yeɗa || [[kare]] || dog || |- | yibi || [[kaza]] || chicken || |- | yiɗi || [[ido]] || eyes || |- | yinimi || [[ya yi min]] || I'm satisfied || |- | yuna || [[yawo]] || roaming about || |- | zarina || [[zagaya]] || circling around || |- | zauni || [[sa mini]] || put some in for me || |- | zawa || [[noma]] || weeding || |- | zawi || [[gudu]] || running || |- | zeura || [[susa]] || maggot || |- | zi || [[gudu]] || escape! || |- | ziɗi || [[bugu]] || pound || |- | zura || [[dariya]] || laughing || |- | zwangra || [[harawa]] || groundnut leavings || |} ==Duba kuma== *[[Harsunan Najeriya]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Harsunan Chadic]] jy5jmd8ujb2arr9nld1dfbzcncljmtb 0 12644 826793 289759 2026-04-26T20:28:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides MS 2106.JPG|200px|right|thumbnail|Fasa kwari]] [[File:Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides 0001.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Fasa kwari]] '''Fasa kwari''' (''fàsà kwàrí'') (''Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides'') [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> [[File:Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides 0003.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Fasa kwari]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] ks1bqxfjp6kor54lrp9xcwd55ay4yox 0 12663 826900 289792 2026-04-27T07:13:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Kyllinga_nemoralis_%283777408201%29.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gemun kwado]] '''Gemun kwaɗo''' (''géémùn kwààɗóó'') (''Kyllinga'' spp.) [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] qm8pyo7r8pfem7hg90i2nh8gjjhot08 0 12670 826830 463136 2026-04-26T23:16:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Eland's Pea (Senna italica) (50111366221).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Filasko]] '''Filasko,''' (''fíláskóó'') (''[[Sunnah|Senna]] [[Italiya|italica]]'') [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> [[File:Hatta west UAE 1401200712892 Senna italica.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Filasko]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] o4gn0ricpu95uy97ld1e2c8iq8p1b4l 0 12678 826957 442460 2026-04-27T09:10:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[Gero]]n [[kada]]''' (''Pennisetum ramosum'') [[gero]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Duba kuma== *[[Gero]] *[[Maiwa]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 2pkf5nvl686zt9vn9xum7zzpeem8chv 0 12679 826893 289781 2026-04-27T06:50:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Solanum anguivi (5364417912).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gautan tsuntsu]] '''Gautan tsuntsu''' (''gáután tsúntsúú'') (''Solanum anguivi'') [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> [[File:Solanum anguivi-2-pagoda point-yercaud-salem-India.JPG|200px|right|thumbnail|Gautan tsuntsu]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] g38570vtyupu99yjg603tq3g7pcaxuf 0 12680 826896 555286 2026-04-27T06:54:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gayangayan''' (''gàyángàyán''), (''Vigna membranacea'') [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] rk3jre8itmg38opjxg9i6n6ei9j42je 0 12682 826959 442469 2026-04-27T09:10:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[Gero]]n ɗan kwaruwa''' (''géérón ɗán kwáárùwà'') (''Pennisetum fallax'') [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 5gzvsccqmaw9a6izo418qp1307s68n3 0 13109 826873 575688 2026-04-27T05:09:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ficus ovata-3-JNTBGRI-kerala-India.jpg|thumb|Gamji]] [[Fayil:Ficus johnstonii-1906.jpg|thumb|ficus johnstonni]] '''Gamji, ['''''Ficus ovata'' ko ''Ficus platyphylla'' ko ''Ficus platypoda'') [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref><ref>'''(Turanci)''' [http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Ficus.html Ficus] a yanar gizon plantnames.unimelb.edu.au.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] t0ohcp2ax0j51xsgiwcde5cqyekebd3 0 13273 826668 619061 2026-04-26T14:44:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Emna Mizouni at Wikimania 2019.jpg|thumb|Emna Mizouni]] [[Fayil:Wikimania 2019 closing ceremony - Emna Mizouni - Wikipedian of the year 9867.jpg|thumb|amna mizouni]] [[Fayil:Emna Mizouni at Wikimania 2018 panel.jpg|thumb|Emna mizouni]] '''Emna Mizouni''' ( [[larabci]] : آمنة الميزوني, an haife ta a shekarata alif dubu daya da Dari Tara da tamanin da bakwai (1987) ) yar asalin [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]] ce mai gwagwarmaya ta yanar gizo da [[Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam|mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam]], yar Jarida ce mai zaman kanta, masaniyar sadarwa da kuma zartarwar a kasuwanci.<ref name=rc2019>{{cite web|url=https://rightscon2019.sched.com/speaker/emnamizouni|title=Emna Mizouni|publisher=RightsCon 2019|date=June 2019|accessdate=26 August 2019|language=|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826194935/https://rightscon2019.sched.com/speaker/emnamizouni|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=anb>{{cite web|url=https://www.accessnow.org/tunisian-activist-emna-mizouni-joins-access-now-board/|title=Tunisian activist Emna Mizouni joins Access Now board|publisher=Access Now|date=26 July 2019|accessdate=26 August 2019 |language=}}</ref> Bayan samun nasarar taimako wajan shirya RightCon Tunis, a watan Yulin 2019 an nada ta tayi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na duniya na Kungiyar International Now, kungiyar [[Hakkin ɗan'adam|kare hakkin bil-adama]] ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar intanet . A watan Maris na shekarar 2013, Mizouni ya kafa Carthagina, wani yunƙuri da aka ƙaddamar don ƙirƙirar sha'awar al'adun Tunusiya a gida da waje.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webdo.tn/2015/02/20/des-cartes-postales-pour-faire-partager-lamour-de-la-tunisie-a-travers-le-monde/|title=Des cartes postales pour partager l’amour de la Tunisie à travers le monde|author=Sghaier, Mohamed Ali|publisher=Tunis Webdo|accessdate=20 February 2015|language=French|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826194936/http://www.webdo.tn/2015/02/20/des-cartes-postales-pour-faire-partager-lamour-de-la-tunisie-a-travers-le-monde/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eastwest.eu/it/opinioni/open-doors/rinascita-medina-tunisi-reportage|title=I nuovi sogni della medina di Tunisi|author=Pierandrei, Elisa|publisher=eastwest.eu|accessdate=2 April 2018 |language=Italian}}</ref> A watan Agusta na shekarar 2019, a Taron Wikimedia a [[Stockholm]], an karrama ta a matsayin Wikimedian na Shekarar 2019 sakamakon rawar da ta taka a ci gaban al’ummomin kasashen larabawa da na Afirka da kuma nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa tarihi da al'adun gargajiya. Tunisiya.<ref name=wikifdn>{{cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2019/08/18/meet-emna-mizouni-the-newly-minted-2019-wikimedian-of-the-year/|title=Meet Emna Mizouni, the newly minted 2019 Wikimedian of the Year|author=Erhart, Ed|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|date=18 August 2019|accessdate=26 August 2019 |language=}}</ref> == Farkon rayuwa da ilimi == An tayar da shi a Tunis babban birnin [[Tunis|Tunisiya]], Mizouni ya takaita ne daga Lycée Khaznadar a gundumar Le Bardo a cikin 2006. Daga nan sai ta halarci École supérieure de commerce (ESCT) a Tunis inda ta fara digiri na biyu a cikin gudanarwa (2009) sannan ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a cikin kasuwanci, tattaunawar kasuwanci, da sadarwa (2011). Bayan karatun ta, ta yi aiki a cikin tallata kuma a matsayinta na 'yar jarida kuma mai gabatar da radiyo. A watan Yuni na shekarar 2012, an ba ta mukamin Jami'in Kula da Sadarwa da Sadarwa na Majalisar Burtaniya.<ref name=doyou>{{cite web|url=https://www.doyoubuzz.com/emna-mizouni|title=Emna Mizouni: Marketing, Communication, Relations publiques, Community Managemen|publisher=doyoubuzz.com|accessdate=27 August 2019|language=French|archive-date=27 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827092355/https://www.doyoubuzz.com/emna-mizouni|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201403110506.html|title=Tunisia: British Council Launches Projects, Urges Youth to Take Part in Sociopolitical Debates|publisher=allAfinca|date=10 March 2014|accessdate=27 August 2019 |language=}}</ref> == Aiki == Bayan sufirin ta larabawa, Mizouni ta fahimci cewa ilimin game da tarihin kasarta da al'adun su sun takaita. Sakamakon haka, tare da sauran masu haɗin gwiwar, ta kafa Carthagina (dangane da Carthage, tsohuwar sunan Tunis) wanda aka tsara don inganta al'adun al'adun Tunusiya. Pr Safwan Masri, wanda aka ambata a cikin littafinsa «Tunisiya an an Analyaly» cewa yayin ganawa da Emna, ta ba shi labarin "mahimmancin bayan juyin juya halin Jasmine na Tunisiyanci game da bambance bambancen da tarihin rayuwar Bahar Rum yayin da suke tsara makomar su".<ref name="Masri2017">{{cite book|author=Safwan M. Masri|title=Tunisia: An Arab Anomaly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBgwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT553|date=5 September 2017|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-54502-0|pages=553–}}</ref> A shekara ta 2017, a matsayinta na shugabar shirin, ta yi bayani: “Bayan juyin juya halin, mutane da yawa sun yi mamakin asalin kasar. Bambancin gabatarwa game da tarihinmu da al'adunmu sun nuna ƙarancin iliminmu sosai. " Tare da [[Wikipedia]] da Wikimedia Commons, ta shirya gasawar hoto da ta mayar da hankali kan rukunin al'adun kasar Tunusiya, tare da samun nasarar mahalarta su gabatar da daruruwan hotunan tare da hadin gwiwar aikin GLAM na Wikimedia. Wannan ya haifar da aikin Carthagina "MedinaPedia", yana ba da damar samun bayanai game da shafukan Tunis Medina a kan wayoyin hannu ta lambobin QR.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/reportages/quatre-projets-associatifs-qui-font-bouger-la-tunisie|title=Quatre projets associatifs qui font bouger la Tunisie|author=Blaise, Lilia|publisher=Middle East Eye|date=18 October 2017|accessdate=29 August 2019 |language=French}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jamaity.org/2015/08/medinapedia-tous-sur-les-tresors-de-la-medina-de-tunis/|title=MedinaPedia: Tous sur les trésors de la Médina de Tunis|publisher=Jamaity|date=6 August 2015|accessdate=29 August 2019 |language=French}}</ref> Wani aikin GLAM ne ya jagoranci ta hanyar Mizouni; Wikimedian a Gida a cikin Diocesan Library of Tunis, tare da haɗin gwiwar Library da Archdiocese na Tunis wanda Archbishop na Ilario Antoniazzi ya sanya hannu kuma ɗayan membobin Carthagina da Wikimedian Zeineb Takouti ne suka sanya hannu . Mizouni ya kuma ga Carthagina a matsayin wani abin ƙarfafawa ga matasa don nuna sha'awar kasarsu ta hanya mai ƙarfi, maimakon bin kawai abubuwan darussan tarihi a makaranta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slideshare.net/Carthagina/interview-carthagina-ralit|title="Carthagina": À la recherche du patrimoine perdu|author=Bahri, Farouk|publisher=Réalité|date=30 March 2016|accessdate=29 August 2019 |language=French}}</ref> [[Fayil:Wikimania 2019 closing ceremony - Emna Mizouni - Wikipedian of the year 9878.jpg|thumb|Emna Mizouni]] Emna Mizouni kuma wakilin kungiyar karama ce ta kare hakkin mata na Tunisiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tunisgenderforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/sideevent_DigitalCitizenshipOrganization.pdf|title=Concept Note - TFGE side event by Digital Citizenship Org|date=April 2019|publisher=Tunis Gender Forum|accessdate=29 August 2019|language=|archive-date=29 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829141819/http://tunisgenderforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/sideevent_DigitalCitizenshipOrganization.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> kuma, tare da Leila Ben-Gacem da Zeineb Takouti, sune suka kafa kungiyar ba da riba ta Digital Digiri wacce ke ba da damar samun bayanai game da ilimin boko na dijital don karancinsu. kungiyoyi. Har ila yau ita ce mai ba da izini ta Duniya Shapers, Tunis, wanda ke mayar da hankali kan kasuwancin zamantakewa, 'yan ƙasa da al'adu..<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.globalshapers.org/hubs/tunis-hub|title=Tunis Hub|publisher=Global Shapers Community|accessdate=30 August 2019 |language=}}</ref> Bayan samun nasarar taimaka wajan shirya RightCon Tunis, a watan Yuli na 2019 an nada ta ta yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na duniya na Kungiyar International Now, kungiyar [[Hakkin ɗan'adam|kare hakkin bil-adama]] ta kasa da kasa ta hanyar intanet . A watan Agusta na 2019, a Taron Wikimedia a [[Stockholm]], an karrama ta a matsayin Wikimedian na Shekarar 2019 sakamakon rawar da ta taka a ci gaban al’ummomin kasashen larabawa da na Afirka da kuma nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa tarihi da al'adun gargajiya. Tunisiya. [[Fayil:Emna Mizouni crop.jpg|thumb|Emna Mizouni]] Katherine Maher, Babban Darakta na [[Wikimedia Foundation]], ta yaba wa Mizouni kan kokarin da ta yi: "Emna ita ce mai ba da gajiya da kuma gwarzo don neman ilimi kyauta. Aikinta, haɗin gwiwa, da sha’awarta don kiyaye al'adun Tunisiya ya buɗe al'adun Tunisiya, mutane, da tarihin sauran ƙasashen duniya,"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://onezero.medium.com/meet-%C3%A9mna-mizouni-the-wikimedian-of-the-year-2c3908740a69|title=Meet Émna Mizouni, the Wikimedian of the Year|author=Harrison, Stephen|publisher=OneZero|date=|accessdate=31 August 2019 |language=}}</ref> == Zaɓaɓɓun wallafe-wallafe == * 2018: Mizouni, Emna: ''kimantawa de la stratégie de sadarwa d'un nouveau kafofin watsa labarai'', Editions universitaires européennes, '''ISBN|978-3-639-50786-7'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.morebooks.de/store/gb/book/evaluation-de-la-strat%C3%A9gie-de-communication-d-un-nouveau-m%C3%A9dia/isbn/978-3-639-50786-7|title=Evaluation de la stratégie de communication d'un nouveau media|publisher=MoreBooks|accessdate=27 August 2019 |language=French}}</ref>   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://about.me/emna.mizouni Emna Mizouni game da.me] * Emna Mizouni * Emna Mizouni * Emna Mizouni * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zi6IlA7piFU Bidiyo na Zaman rufewa a Wikimania 2019: Kyautar Mizouni daga karfe 24:00] [[Category:Editocin Wikimedia na Shekara]] r3qu42victkyy6hyjufp23ukhik6uhv 0 14602 826711 548999 2026-04-26T17:10:53Z Usmanmaifada 20279 826711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:Erdfunkstelle_Raisting_2.jpg|thumb| Tashar duniya a cibiyar sadarwar tauraron dan adam a Raisting, Bavaria, Jamus]] [[Fayil:InternetPenetrationWorldMap.svg|thumb|taswirar sadarwa]] '''Sadarwa:''' ita ce watsa bayanai ta nau'ikan fasaha daban-daban ta hanyar [[waya]], [[rediyo]], [[talabijin]], ko wasu [[Lantarki|tsarin lantarki]].<ref>Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union, Annex (Geneva, 1992)</ref> Ta samo asali ne a cikin sha'awar mutane don sadarwa a kan nisa fiye da yadda za a iya yiwuwa tare da muryar mutum, amma tare da ma'auni na dacewa; don haka, tsarin jinkirin (kamar sakon gidan waya) an cire su daga filin. Kafofin watsa labarai na watsawa a cikin sadarwa sun samo asali ne ta matakai masu yawa na fasaha, daga tashoshi da sauran sigina na gani (kamar siginar hayaki, telegraphs na semaphore, siginar sigina, da heliographs na gani), zuwa kebul na lantarki da hasken lantarki, gami da haske. Irin wadannan hanyoyin watsawa galibi ana rarraba su zuwa tashoshi na sadarwa, wadanda ke ba da fa'ida ta mafi yawan lokutan sadarwar lokaci guda. Ana yawan amfani da ''sadarwa'' ta jam'i. Sauran misalan sadarwar na nesa na zamani sun hada da sakon sauti, kamar kwakkwaran ganga, Kaho mai huhu, da karar busa. Fasaha na karni na 20 da 21 da sadarwa mai nisa yawanci sun haɗa da fasahar lantarki , kamar telegraph, tarho, talabijin da na'urar buga waya, cibiyoyin sadarwa, rediyo, microwave, fiber na gani, da tauraron dan adam na sadarwa. [[File:Family watching television 1958 cropped2.jpg|thumb|sadarwa ta talabijin kenan]] An fara juyin juya hali a cikin sadarwar wireless a cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 20 tare da ci gaban farko a cikin [[Rediyo|sadarwar rediyo]] ta Guglielmo Marconi, wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel a Physics a 1909, da sauran fitattun majagaba masu kirkira da masu habakawa a fagen sadarwar lantarki. Wadannan sun haɗa da Charles Wheatstone da Samuel Morse (masu ƙirƙira na telegraph), Antonio Meucci da Alexander Graham Bell (wasu masu ƙirƙira da masu haɓaka tarho, duba Invention of the telephone), Edwin Armstr:ng da Lee de Forest (masu ƙirƙira na rediyo), haka kuma Vladimir K. Zworykin, John Logie Baird da Philo Farnsworth (wasu daga cikin masu kirkiro talabijin). An kirkiri cibiyoyin sadarwa na farko tare da wayoyi na tagulla a matsayin matsakaici na zahiri don watsa sigina. Shekaru da yawa, ana amfani da wadannan cibiyoyin sadarwa don sabis na waya na asali, wato murya da telegram. Tun daga tsakiyar 1990s, yayin da intanit ta habaka cikin shahara, a hankali an maye gurbin murya ta hanyar bayanai. Ba da dadewa ba wannan ya nuna karancin jan karfe a cikin watsa bayanai, wanda ya haifar da habaka na'urorin gani. == Asalin kalma == Kalmar ''sadarwa'' wani fili ne na prefix na Hellenanci ''tele-''(τῆλε), ma'ana ''nesa'', ''nesa'', ko ''nesa'', da kuma ''sadarwar'' Latin, ma'ana ''raba''. An daidaita amfani da shi na zamani daga Faransanci, saboda rubutaccen amfani da shi an rubuta shi a cikin shekarar 1904 ta injiniyan Faransa kuma marubuci Édouard Estaunié. <ref>''Telecommunication'', ''tele-'' and ''communication'', [[New Oxford American Dictionary]] (2nd edition), 2005.</ref> An fara amfani da ''sadarwa'' a kalmar Ingilishi a karshen karni na 14. Ya fito ne daga Tsohuwar Sadarwar ta Faransa (14c., Sadarwar Faransa na zamani), daga Latin communicationem (communicatio nominative), sunan aiki daga bangaren sadarwa na baya, "don raba, rarraba; sadarwa, bayarwa, sanarwa; shiga, hadin kai, shiga," a zahiri, "don zama gama gari," daga kwaminis." [[File:OptischerTelegraf.jpg|thumb| Kwafi na daya daga cikin hasumiya na semaphore na Chappe]] ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Delta_Power_Supply_for_Intel_Network_Router.jpg|Delta Power Supply for Intel Network Router. File:Bosque_Alegre1.JPG|Bosque Alegre </gallery> ==Manazarta== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] izypnp6d9ygxjodfyvfmjf6le1ws985 826712 826711 2026-04-26T17:14:26Z Usmanmaifada 20279 826712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:Erdfunkstelle_Raisting_2.jpg|thumb| Tashar duniya a cibiyar sadarwar tauraron dan adam a Raisting, Bavaria, Jamus]] [[Fayil:InternetPenetrationWorldMap.svg|thumb|taswirar sadarwa]] '''Sadarwa:''' ita ce watsa bayanai ta nau'ikan fasaha daban-daban ta hanyar [[waya]], [[rediyo]], [[talabijin]], ko wasu [[Lantarki|tsarin lantarki]].<ref>Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union, Annex (Geneva, 1992)</ref> Ta samo asali ne a cikin sha'awar mutane don sadarwa a kan nisa fiye da yadda za a iya yiwuwa tare da muryar mutum, amma tare da ma'auni na dacewa; don haka, tsarin jinkirin (kamar sakon gidan waya) an cire su daga filin. Kafofin watsa [[labarai]] na watsawa a cikin sadarwa sun samo asali ne ta matakai masu yawa na fasaha, daga tashoshi da sauran sigina na gani (kamar siginar hayaki, telegraphs na semaphore, siginar sigina, da heliographs na gani), zuwa kebul na lantarki da hasken lantarki, gami da haske. Irin wadannan hanyoyin watsawa galibi ana rarraba su zuwa tashoshi na sadarwa, wadanda ke ba da fa'ida ta mafi yawan lokutan sadarwar lokaci guda. Ana yawan amfani da ''sadarwa'' ta jam'i. Sauran misalan sadarwar na nesa na zamani sun hada da sakon sauti, kamar kwakkwaran ganga, Kaho mai huhu, da karar busa. Fasaha na karni na 20 da 21 da sadarwa mai nisa yawanci sun haɗa da fasahar lantarki , kamar telegraph, tarho, talabijin da na'urar buga waya, cibiyoyin sadarwa, rediyo, microwave, fiber na gani, da tauraron dan adam na sadarwa. [[File:Family watching television 1958 cropped2.jpg|thumb|sadarwa ta talabijin kenan]] An fara juyin juya hali a cikin sadarwar wireless a cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 20 tare da ci gaban farko a cikin [[Rediyo|sadarwar rediyo]] ta Guglielmo Marconi, wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel a Physics a 1909, da sauran fitattun majagaba masu kirkira da masu habakawa a fagen sadarwar lantarki. Wadannan sun haɗa da Charles Wheatstone da Samuel Morse (masu ƙirƙira na telegraph), Antonio Meucci da Alexander Graham Bell (wasu masu ƙirƙira da masu haɓaka tarho, duba Invention of the telephone), Edwin Armstr:ng da Lee de Forest (masu ƙirƙira na rediyo), haka kuma Vladimir K. Zworykin, John Logie Baird da Philo Farnsworth (wasu daga cikin masu kirkiro talabijin). An kirkiri cibiyoyin sadarwa na farko tare da wayoyi na tagulla a matsayin matsakaici na zahiri don watsa sigina. Shekaru da yawa, ana amfani da wadannan cibiyoyin sadarwa don sabis na waya na asali, wato murya da telegram. Tun daga tsakiyar 1990s, yayin da intanit ta habaka cikin shahara, a hankali an maye gurbin murya ta hanyar bayanai. Ba da dadewa ba wannan ya nuna karancin jan karfe a cikin watsa bayanai, wanda ya haifar da habaka na'urorin gani. == Asalin kalma == Kalmar ''sadarwa'' wani fili ne na prefix na Hellenanci ''tele-''(τῆλε), ma'ana ''nesa'', ''nesa'', ko ''nesa'', da kuma ''sadarwar'' Latin, ma'ana ''raba''. An daidaita amfani da shi na zamani daga Faransanci, saboda rubutaccen amfani da shi an rubuta shi a cikin shekarar 1904 ta injiniyan Faransa kuma marubuci Édouard Estaunié. <ref>''Telecommunication'', ''tele-'' and ''communication'', [[New Oxford American Dictionary]] (2nd edition), 2005.</ref> An fara amfani da ''sadarwa'' a kalmar Ingilishi a karshen karni na 14. Ya fito ne daga Tsohuwar Sadarwar ta Faransa (14c., Sadarwar Faransa na zamani), daga Latin communicationem (communicatio nominative), sunan aiki daga bangaren sadarwa na baya, "don raba, rarraba; sadarwa, bayarwa, sanarwa; shiga, hadin kai, shiga," a zahiri, "don zama gama gari," daga kwaminis." [[File:OptischerTelegraf.jpg|thumb| Kwafi na daya daga cikin hasumiya na semaphore na Chappe]] ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Delta_Power_Supply_for_Intel_Network_Router.jpg|Delta Power Supply for Intel Network Router. File:Bosque_Alegre1.JPG|Bosque Alegre </gallery> ==Manazarta== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] owprunovo1zu38queek35xmi8x1d0vj 826973 826712 2026-04-27T10:42:57Z Mahuta 11340 826973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:Erdfunkstelle_Raisting_2.jpg|thumb| Tashar duniya a cibiyar sadarwar tauraron dan adam a Raisting, Bavaria, Jamus]] [[Fayil:InternetPenetrationWorldMap.svg|thumb|taswirar sadarwa]] '''Sadarwa:''' ita ce watsa bayanai ta nau'ikan fasaha daban-daban ta hanyar [[Salula]], [[rediyo]], [[talabijin]], ko wasu [[Lantarki|tsarin lantarki]].<ref>Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union, Annex (Geneva, 1992)</ref> Ta samo asali ne a cikin sha'awar mutane don sadarwa a kan nisa fiye da yadda za a iya yiwuwa tare da muryar mutum, amma tare da ma'auni na dacewa; don haka, tsarin jinkirin (kamar sakon gidan waya) an cire su daga filin. Kafofin watsa [[labarai]] na watsawa a cikin sadarwa sun samo asali ne ta matakai masu yawa na fasaha, daga tashoshi da sauran sigina na gani (kamar siginar hayaki, telegraphs na semaphore, siginar sigina, da heliographs na gani), zuwa kebul na lantarki da hasken lantarki, gami da haske. Irin wadannan hanyoyin watsawa galibi ana rarraba su zuwa tashoshi na sadarwa, wadanda ke ba da fa'ida ta mafi yawan lokutan sadarwar lokaci guda. Ana yawan amfani da ''sadarwa'' ta jam'i. Sauran misalan sadarwar na nesa na zamani sun hada da sakon sauti, kamar kwakkwaran ganga, Kaho mai huhu, da karar busa. Fasaha na karni na 20 da 21 da sadarwa mai nisa yawanci sun haɗa da fasahar lantarki , kamar telegraph, tarho, talabijin da na'urar buga waya, cibiyoyin sadarwa, rediyo, microwave, fiber na gani, da tauraron dan adam na sadarwa. [[File:Family watching television 1958 cropped2.jpg|thumb|sadarwa ta talabijin kenan]] An fara juyin juya hali a cikin sadarwar wireless a cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 20 tare da ci gaban farko a cikin [[Rediyo|sadarwar rediyo]] ta Guglielmo Marconi, wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel a Physics a 1909, da sauran fitattun majagaba masu kirkira da masu habakawa a fagen sadarwar lantarki. Wadannan sun haɗa da Charles Wheatstone da Samuel Morse (masu ƙirƙira na telegraph), Antonio Meucci da Alexander Graham Bell (wasu masu ƙirƙira da masu haɓaka tarho, duba Invention of the telephone), Edwin Armstr:ng da Lee de Forest (masu ƙirƙira na rediyo), haka kuma Vladimir K. Zworykin, John Logie Baird da Philo Farnsworth (wasu daga cikin masu kirkiro talabijin). An kirkiri cibiyoyin sadarwa na farko tare da wayoyi na tagulla a matsayin matsakaici na zahiri don watsa sigina. Shekaru da yawa, ana amfani da wadannan cibiyoyin sadarwa don sabis na waya na asali, wato murya da telegram. Tun daga tsakiyar 1990s, yayin da intanit ta habaka cikin shahara, a hankali an maye gurbin murya ta hanyar bayanai. Ba da dadewa ba wannan ya nuna karancin jan karfe a cikin watsa bayanai, wanda ya haifar da habaka na'urorin gani. == Asalin kalma == Kalmar ''sadarwa'' wani fili ne na prefix na Hellenanci ''tele-''(τῆλε), ma'ana ''nesa'', ''nesa'', ko ''nesa'', da kuma ''sadarwar'' Latin, ma'ana ''raba''. An daidaita amfani da shi na zamani daga Faransanci, saboda rubutaccen amfani da shi an rubuta shi a cikin shekarar 1904 ta injiniyan Faransa kuma marubuci Édouard Estaunié. <ref>''Telecommunication'', ''tele-'' and ''communication'', [[New Oxford American Dictionary]] (2nd edition), 2005.</ref> An fara amfani da ''sadarwa'' a kalmar Ingilishi a karshen karni na 14. Ya fito ne daga Tsohuwar Sadarwar ta Faransa (14c., Sadarwar Faransa na zamani), daga Latin communicationem (communicatio nominative), sunan aiki daga bangaren sadarwa na baya, "don raba, rarraba; sadarwa, bayarwa, sanarwa; shiga, hadin kai, shiga," a zahiri, "don zama gama gari," daga kwaminis." [[File:OptischerTelegraf.jpg|thumb| Kwafi na daya daga cikin hasumiya na semaphore na Chappe]] ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Delta_Power_Supply_for_Intel_Network_Router.jpg|Delta Power Supply for Intel Network Router. File:Bosque_Alegre1.JPG|Bosque Alegre </gallery> ==Manazarta== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8a2p4s28grnvob7ghmw1fbabyn2tx9d 826974 826973 2026-04-27T10:43:40Z Mahuta 11340 826974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:Erdfunkstelle_Raisting_2.jpg|thumb| Tashar duniya a cibiyar sadarwar tauraron dan adam a Raisting, Bavaria, Jamus]] [[Fayil:InternetPenetrationWorldMap.svg|thumb|taswirar sadarwa]] '''Sadarwa:''' ita ce watsa bayanai ta nau'ikan fasaha daban-daban ta hanyar [[Salula]], [[rediyo]], [[talabijin]], ko wasu [[Lantarki|tsarin lantarki]].<ref>Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union, Annex (Geneva, 1992)</ref> Ta samo asali ne a cikin sha'awar mutane don sadarwa a kan nisa fiye da yadda za a iya yiwuwa tare da muryar mutum, amma tare da ma'auni na dacewa; don haka, tsarin jinkirin (kamar sakon gidan waya) an cire su daga filin. Kafofin watsa [[labarai]] na watsawa a cikin sadarwa sun samo asali ne ta matakai masu yawa na fasaha, daga tashoshi da sauran sigina na gani (kamar siginar hayaki, telegraphs na semaphore, siginar sigina, da heliographs na gani), zuwa kebul na lantarki da hasken lantarki, gami da haske. Irin wadannan hanyoyin watsawa galibi ana rarraba su zuwa tashoshi na sadarwa, wadanda ke ba da fa'ida ta mafi yawan lokutan sadarwar lokaci guda. Ana yawan amfani da ''sadarwa'' ta jam'i. Sauran misalan sadarwar na nesa na zamani sun haɗa da saƙon sauti, kamar kwakkwaran ganga, Kaho mai huhu, da karar busa. Fasaha na karni na 20 da 21 da sadarwa mai nisa yawanci sun haɗa da fasahar lantarki , kamar telegraph, tarho, talabijin da na'urar buga waya, cibiyoyin sadarwa, rediyo, microwave, fiber na gani, da tauraron dan adam na sadarwa. [[File:Family watching television 1958 cropped2.jpg|thumb|sadarwa ta talabijin kenan]] An fara juyin juya hali a cikin sadarwar wireless a cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 20 tare da ci gaban farko a cikin [[Rediyo|sadarwar rediyo]] ta Guglielmo Marconi, wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel a Physics a 1909, da sauran fitattun majagaba masu kirkira da masu habakawa a fagen sadarwar lantarki. Wadannan sun haɗa da Charles Wheatstone da Samuel Morse (masu ƙirƙira na telegraph), Antonio Meucci da Alexander Graham Bell (wasu masu ƙirƙira da masu haɓaka tarho, duba Invention of the telephone), Edwin Armstr:ng da Lee de Forest (masu ƙirƙira na rediyo), haka kuma Vladimir K. Zworykin, John Logie Baird da Philo Farnsworth (wasu daga cikin masu kirkiro talabijin). An kirkiri cibiyoyin sadarwa na farko tare da wayoyi na tagulla a matsayin matsakaici na zahiri don watsa sigina. Shekaru da yawa, ana amfani da wadannan cibiyoyin sadarwa don sabis na waya na asali, wato murya da telegram. Tun daga tsakiyar 1990s, yayin da intanit ta habaka cikin shahara, a hankali an maye gurbin murya ta hanyar bayanai. Ba da dadewa ba wannan ya nuna karancin jan karfe a cikin watsa bayanai, wanda ya haifar da habaka na'urorin gani. == Asalin kalma == Kalmar ''sadarwa'' wani fili ne na prefix na Hellenanci ''tele-''(τῆλε), ma'ana ''nesa'', ''nesa'', ko ''nesa'', da kuma ''sadarwar'' Latin, ma'ana ''raba''. An daidaita amfani da shi na zamani daga Faransanci, saboda rubutaccen amfani da shi an rubuta shi a cikin shekarar 1904 ta injiniyan Faransa kuma marubuci Édouard Estaunié. <ref>''Telecommunication'', ''tele-'' and ''communication'', [[New Oxford American Dictionary]] (2nd edition), 2005.</ref> An fara amfani da ''sadarwa'' a kalmar Ingilishi a karshen karni na 14. Ya fito ne daga Tsohuwar Sadarwar ta Faransa (14c., Sadarwar Faransa na zamani), daga Latin communicationem (communicatio nominative), sunan aiki daga bangaren sadarwa na baya, "don raba, rarraba; sadarwa, bayarwa, sanarwa; shiga, hadin kai, shiga," a zahiri, "don zama gama gari," daga kwaminis." [[File:OptischerTelegraf.jpg|thumb| Kwafi na daya daga cikin hasumiya na semaphore na Chappe]] ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Delta_Power_Supply_for_Intel_Network_Router.jpg|Delta Power Supply for Intel Network Router. File:Bosque_Alegre1.JPG|Bosque Alegre </gallery> ==Manazarta== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4g96x09wr9dyapjinm966vtzvwxbiq7 0 15482 826717 809611 2026-04-26T17:27:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Osaretin Evelyn Akhator''' (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1995) yar wasan ƙwallon [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ce ta ƙasar Najeriya. Dallas Wings na Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Ƙasa ta Mata (WNBA) ce ta tsara ta a matsayin ta 3 a cikin shirin WNBA na 2017. == Aikin WNBA == An zaɓi Evelyn a matsayin wadda ta zo ta uku a jerin sunayen 'yan wasan da za su fafata a gasar WNBA ta 2017 ta hannun Dallas Wings . Ta buga wasanni 15 a kakar wasanta ta farko a ƙungiyar Dallas <ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Evelyn Akhator |url=https://www.wnba.com/player/evelyn-akhator/ |website=WNBA.com – Official Site of the WNBA}}</ref> inda ta samu matsakaicin maki 0.9 a kowane wasa, toshe 0.2 a kowane wasa, da kuma satar 0.1 a kowane wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evelyn Akhator WNBA Stats |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/wnba/players/a/akhatev01w.html |website=Basketball-Reference.com}}</ref> Dallas Wings ta yafe mata a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dallas Wings Waive Evelyn Akhator and Ruth Hamblin |url=https://wings.wnba.com/news/dallas-wings-waive-evelyn-akhator-and-ruth-hamblin/ |website=Dallas Wings}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 2019, Akhator ya koma WNBA ta hanyar sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar sansanin horo na Chicago Sky . <ref name="auto3"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=WNBA news: Chicago Sky Re-Sign Jamierra Faulkner, Add Evelyn Akhator |url=https://highposthoops.com/2019/02/15/chicago-sky-re-sign-jamierra-faulkner-add-evelyn-akhator-to-camp-roster/amp/ |website=highposthoops.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Evelyn Ta Wakilci Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa ta Najeriya . Ta fara fitowa a ƙungiyar a lokacin gasar FIBA Afrobasket ta 2017 a Mali. [1] Evelyn ta samu matsakaicin maki 15.3 da kuma ramuwar gayya 9.5 a kowane wasa a lokacin gasar, sannan kuma ta shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 5 mafiya kyau. [2] Evelyn ta kasance cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa ta Najeriya a gasar cin kofin ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA ta 2018, inda ta samu matsakaicin maki 12.6, ramuwar gayya 9 da kuma taimakawa 1.4 a lokacin gasar. [3] == Aikin ƙasashen waje == Akhator ta rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar WBC Dynamo Novosibirsk ta Rasha a shekarar 2017. Ta samu matsakaicin maki 12.4 da kuma bugun ƙwallo 8.5 a kowane wasa. <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Usenekong |first=Gold |date=22 August 2018 |title=D'Tigress Forward Akhator Joins Besiktas on One-Year Deal – Complete Sports Nigeria |url=https://www.completesports.com/dtigress-forward-akhator-joins-besiktas-on-one-year-deal/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518083142/https://www.completesports.com/dtigress-forward-akhator-joins-besiktas-on-one-year-deal/ |archive-date=18 May 2021 |access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oriaku |first=Peter |date=17 October 2017 |title=Basketball: Akhator Joins Russian Women's League Club Dynamo Novosibirsk |url=https://www.completesports.com/akhator-joins-dynamo-novosibirsk/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917155244/https://www.completesports.com/akhator-joins-dynamo-novosibirsk/ |archive-date=17 September 2021 |access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Agusta 2018, Akhator ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Besiktas ta Turkiyya. <ref name="auto1"/> <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=D'Tigress Forward Evelyn Akhator Joins Besiktas on One-Year Deal – FOW 24 NEWS |url=https://www.fow24news.com/2018/08/dtigress-forward-evelyn-akhator-joins.html?m=1 |website=www.fow24news.com}}</ref> Ta samu matsakaicin maki 15 da kuma bugun ƙwallo 11 a kowace wasa a gasar lig ta Turkiyya, kuma ta samu matsakaicin maki 15 da bugun ƙwallo 11 a gasar Eurocup, bayan ta buga fiye da mintuna 30 a kowane wasa a dukkan gasannin. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Horas |first=Salamanca 24 |date=14 May 2019 |title=El CB Avenida ficha a Evelyn Akhator |url=https://www.salamanca24horas.com/texto-diario/mostrar/1417353/cb-avenida-ficha-evelyn-akhator |website=Diario Noticias Salamanca 24 Horas |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=18 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518032649/https://www.salamanca24horas.com/texto-diario/mostrar/1417353/cb-avenida-ficha-evelyn-akhator |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ahkator ta rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar CB Avenida ta ƙasar Sipaniya a ranar 15 ga Mayu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2019 |title=Perfumerias Avenida will improve my game says Akhator |url=https://www.aclsports.com/perfumerias-avenida-will-improve-my-game-says-akhator/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123164833/https://www.aclsports.com/perfumerias-avenida-will-improve-my-game-says-akhator/ |archive-date=23 January 2021 |access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> <ref name="auto"/> A watan Nuwamba, 2019, Ahkator ta rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta [[:fr:Flammes Carolo basket|Flammes Carolo]] ta Faransa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evelyn Akhator sale del Perfumerías Avenida rumbo al Flammes Carolo |url=https://www.lagacetadesalamanca.es/deportes/baloncesto-local/evelyn-akhator-sale-del-perfumerias-avenida-rumbo-al-flammes-carolo-NH1832681 |website=www.lagacetadesalamanca.es}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2019 |title=Basket-ball (Ligue féminine). Cette fois, c'est la bonne, Evelyn Akhator arrive aux Flammes Carolo |url=https://www.lardennais.fr/id111575/article/2019-11-26/basket-ball-ligue-feminine-cette-fois-cest-la-bonne-evelyn-akhator-arrive-aux |website=L'Union}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evelyn Akhator (ex Avenida) is a newcomer at Flammes |url=https://www.afrobasket.com/Nigeria/news/605785/Evelyn-Akhator-(ex-Avenida)-is-a-newcomer-at-Flammes?Women=1 |website=www.afrobasket.com}}</ref> Akhator ta sanya hannu da Basket Landes don kakar wasa ta 2022-2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Basket Landes engage Evelyn Akhator et Clarince Djaldi-Tabdi |url=https://www.bebasket.fr/basket-landes-engage-evelyn-akhator-et-clarince-djaldi-tabdi |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=BeBasket |language=fr}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2023, ta sanya hannu da Landerneau Bretagne Basket . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-30 |title=LFB : Evelyn Akhator, de Basket Landes à Landerneau |url=https://www.basketeurope.com/lfb-evelyn-akhator-de-basket-landes-a-landerneau/ |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=BasketEurope.com |language=fr}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] h94ynutguncfb04ih0ddkbj2jh8dx1s 0 15970 826934 320909 2026-04-27T08:31:37Z Pharouqenr 25549 826934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Stella Chinyelu Okoli''' ( MON, OON ), (an haife tane a shekara ta,1944 ), ta kasance ƴar [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Nijeriya]] ce mai harhaɗa magunguna kuma ƴar kasuwa, Ita ce ta kafa kuma Shugaba na yanzu na kamfanin Emzor Pharmaceutical, wani kamfanin harhaɗa magunguna.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/stella-okoli-70/|title=Stella Okoli @70|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation Newspaper]]|date=6 August 2014|accessdate=3 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/stella-okoli-in-low-70th-birthday-celebration/|title=Stella Okoli in low 70th birthday celebration|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation Newspaper]]|date=9 August 2014|accessdate=3 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="ynaija">{{cite news|url=http://www.ynaija.com/men-and-women-of-excellence-full-list-of-nominees-for-the17th-thisday-annual-awards/|title=Women of distinction! Sefi Atta, Toyosi Akerele, Diezani Alison-Madueke, Florence It-Giwa & others to be honoured at the 17th ThisDay Annual Awards – See The Full List|work=[[YNaija]]|last=Inyang|first=Ifreke|date=3 February 2012|accessdate=3 February 2016}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Stella ne a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] cikin dangin Felix Ebelechukwu da Margaret Modebelu, asalin su yan [[Nnewi]] ne a [[Anambra|jihar Anambara]] . Ta fara karatunta na firamare a shekara ta( 1954), bayan ta yi karatu a matsayin ɗaliba a makarantar Saint Primary School, [[Onitsha]] kafin ta ci gaba da kammala karatun sakandare a shekara ta( 1964), a Ogidi Girls Secondary School. A shekara ta (1969), Stella ta kammala karatu a jami'ar Bradford bayan ta karanci kantin magani . Har ila yau, tana da takardar shaidar M.Sc a cikin Biopharmaceutical bayan kammala karatun ta a Jami'ar London, Kwalejin Chelsea a shekara ta ( 1971). == Ayyuka == Kafin kafa kamfanin Emzor Pharmaceutical, Stella tayi aiki a wasu kamfanonin harhaɗa magunguna da suka haɗa da asibitin Middlesex, London, Boots the Chemists Limited da Pharma-Deko. A watan Janairun a shekara ta( 1977), Stella ta fara Emzor Pharmaceutical da sunan farko "Emzor Chemists Limited" a matsayin karamin shagon sayar da magunguna a [[Somolu]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] . Tun daga nan Emzor Pharmaceutical ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin harhada magunguna a Nijeriya tare da samfuran sama da 50 tun lokacin da aka haɗa ta a cikin shekara ta (1984). A yanzu haka mamba ce a Taron Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya kuma Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Harkokin Kiwan lafiya na Najeriya, Stella a halin yanzu tana matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Kungiyar Masana'antu ta Najeriya da kuma Kungiyar 'Yan Majalisun Kasuwanci, Masana'antu, Ma'adanai da Aikin Gona ta Najeriya a matsayin Shugabar ƙungiyar. Manufungiyar Masana Magunguna da gungiyar Masana'antu ta Nijeriya. == Kyauta == Bayan mutuwar ɗanta Chike Okoli a shekara ta (2005), Stella ta fara gidauniyar Chike Okoli a shekara ta (2006), a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da aka kafa da nufin yaƙi da talauci da cututtuka ta hanyar wayar da kan mutane game da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Tana kuma gudanar da Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Chike Okoli. == Amincewa da sake fahimta == Don girmamawa ga nasarorin da ta samu da kuma gudummawar da ta bayar a fannin kiwon lafiya a Najeriya, an bai wa Stella lambar yabo ta Memberungiyar Memberwararriyar Nigerasar Nijar . A shekara ta (2012), an karrama ta a bikin karramawa karo na( 17) na ThisDay Annual Awards. Ita ma mai karɓar kyautar ECOWAS ta Zinare ta Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Category:Mata da suka kafa kamfani]] [[Category:Mata a Najeriya]] [[Category:Mata]] h5w1mtx41lf5zoyx9w3wbzk03230ciw 826935 826934 2026-04-27T08:32:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 826935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Stella Chinyelu Okoli''' ( MON, OON ), (an haife tane a shekara ta,1944 ), ta kasance ƴar [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Nijeriya]] ce mai harhaɗa magunguna kuma ƴar kasuwa, Ita ce ta kafa kuma Shugaba na yanzu na kamfanin Emzor Pharmaceutical, wani kamfanin harhaɗa magunguna.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/stella-okoli-70/|title=Stella Okoli @70|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation Newspaper]]|date=6 August 2014|accessdate=3 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/stella-okoli-in-low-70th-birthday-celebration/|title=Stella Okoli in low 70th birthday celebration|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation Newspaper]]|date=9 August 2014|accessdate=3 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="ynaija">{{cite news|url=http://www.ynaija.com/men-and-women-of-excellence-full-list-of-nominees-for-the17th-thisday-annual-awards/|title=Women of distinction! Sefi Atta, Toyosi Akerele, Diezani Alison-Madueke, Florence It-Giwa & others to be honoured at the 17th ThisDay Annual Awards – See The Full List|work=[[YNaija]]|last=Inyang|first=Ifreke|date=3 February 2012|accessdate=3 February 2016}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Stella ne a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] cikin dangin Felix Ebelechukwu da Margaret Modebelu, asalin su yan [[Nnewi]] ne a [[Anambra|jihar Anambara]] . Ta fara karatunta na firamare a shekara ta( 1954), bayan ta yi karatu a matsayin ɗaliba a makarantar Saint Primary School, [[Onitsha]] kafin ta ci gaba da kammala karatun sakandare a shekara ta( 1964), a Ogidi Girls Secondary School. A shekara ta (1969), Stella ta kammala karatu a jami'ar Bradford bayan ta karanci kantin magani . Har ila yau, tana da takardar shaidar M.Sc a cikin Biopharmaceutical bayan kammala karatun ta a Jami'ar London, Kwalejin Chelsea a shekara ta ( 1971). == Ayyuka == Kafin kafa kamfanin Emzor Pharmaceutical, Stella tayi aiki a wasu kamfanonin harhaɗa magunguna da suka haɗa da asibitin Middlesex, London, Boots the Chemists Limited da Pharma-Deko. A watan Janairun a shekara ta( 1977), Stella ta fara Emzor Pharmaceutical da sunan farko "Emzor Chemists Limited" a matsayin karamin shagon sayar da magunguna a [[Somolu]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] . Tun daga nan Emzor Pharmaceutical ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin harhada magunguna a Nijeriya tare da samfuran sama da 50 tun lokacin da aka haɗa ta a cikin shekara ta (1984). A yanzu haka mamba ce a Taron Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya kuma Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Harkokin Kiwan lafiya na Najeriya, Stella a halin yanzu tana matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Kungiyar Masana'antu ta Najeriya da kuma Kungiyar 'Yan Majalisun Kasuwanci, Masana'antu, Ma'adanai da Aikin Gona ta Najeriya a matsayin Shugabar ƙungiyar. Manufungiyar Masana Magunguna da gungiyar Masana'antu ta Nijeriya. == Kyauta == Bayan mutuwar ɗanta Chike Okoli a shekara ta (2005), Stella ta fara gidauniyar Chike Okoli a shekara ta (2006), a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da aka kafa da nufin yaƙi da talauci da cututtuka ta hanyar wayar da kan mutane game da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Tana kuma gudanar da Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Chike Okoli. == Amincewa da sake fahimta == Don girmamawa ga nasarorin da ta samu da kuma gudummawar da ta bayar a fannin kiwon lafiya a Najeriya, an bai wa Stella lambar yabo ta Memberungiyar Memberwararriyar Nigerasar Nijar . A shekara ta (2012), an karrama ta a bikin karramawa karo na( 17) na ThisDay Annual Awards. Ita ma mai karɓar kyautar ECOWAS ta Zinare ta Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|30em}} [[Category:Mata da suka kafa kamfani]] [[Category:Mata a Najeriya]] [[Category:Mata]] e61cyih7o1ihlwan66yekvpezd1hb9o 0 16068 826904 460564 2026-04-27T07:43:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Geoffrey Onyeama in Nigeria - 2017 (26767925829) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Geoffrey Onyeama]] '''Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama''' (An haife shi ne a 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar ta 1956) ya kasance shi ne Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya. Onyeama an nada shi Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya ne a watan Nuwamba na shekarar ta 2015, Akarka shin [[Shugaban Nijeriya|Shugaba]] [[Muhammadu Buhari]] . <ref name="PT2">{{cite web|last1=Ekott|first1=Ini|title=UPDATED: Buhari assigns Ministers; Fashola heads Power and Works, Amaechi gets Transportation|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/192991-breaking-buhari-assigns-ministers-fashola-heads-works-amaechi-gets-transportation.html|website=Premium Times|accessdate=30 January 2016}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Onyeama ya kasan ce ya fito daga dangin masanin shari'ar Najeriya [[:en:Charles_Onyeama|Charles Onyeama]].<ref name="NM2">{{cite web|title=Geoffrey Onyeama: 7 Things You Should Know About Nigeria’s Foreign Affairs Minister|url=http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/2015/11/12/geoffrey-onyeama-7-things-you-should-know-about-nigerias-foreign-affairs-minister/|website=Nigerian Monitor|accessdate=30 January 2016|archive-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115021337/http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/2015/11/12/geoffrey-onyeama-7-things-you-should-know-about-nigerias-foreign-affairs-minister/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yayi digirinsa na farko, ya kuma Rike (BA) a Kimiyyar Siyasa daga Jami'ar Columbia, New York a shekarar ta 1977, ya kuma gama digirinsa na farko a bangaran Arts (BA), ya karanci Lauya a Kwalejin [[:en:St_John's_College,_Cambridge|St John's College, Cambridge]] A shekara ta 1980. Yana da Digiri na biyu (LL. M) daga Makarantar Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa ta London a shekarar ta 1982 , da kuma zama kwararre a bangaren Arts (MA) , da Shari'a daga [[:en:St_John's_College,_Cambridge|St John's College, Cambridge]] a shekara ta 1984.<ref name="GIPC2">{{cite web|title=CURRICULUM VITAE OF MR. GEOFFREY ONYEAMA|url=http://www.theglobalipcenter.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Oneyama_CV.pdf|website=Global Intellectual Property Center|accessdate=30 January 2016}}</ref> Onyeama an shigar da shi a matsayin Lauya na Kotun Koli ta Nijeriya a cikin shekarar ta1983 kuma an kira shi zuwa ga Ingilishi Bar na Grey's a shekarar ta 1981.<ref name="GIPC">{{cite web|title=CURRICULUM VITAE OF MR. GEOFFREY ONYEAMA|url=http://www.theglobalipcenter.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Oneyama_CV.pdf|website=Global Intellectual Property Center|accessdate=30 January 2016}}</ref> == Ayyuka == [[File:Secretary Blinken Holds a Joint Press Availability with Nigerian Foreign Minister Geoffrey Onyeama (51700261676).jpg|thumb|Geoffrey Onyeama]] Onyeama ya fara aikin sa ne a matsayin Jami'in Bincike a Hukumar sake fasalin Dokokin Najeriya a Legas daga shekarar ta 1983 zuwa shekarar ta 1984. Sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya tare da .Mogboh and Associate a [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], [[Nijeriya]] daga shekara ta 1984 zuwa ta 1985, A shekarar ta 1985, ya shiga Kungiyar [[:en:World_Intellectual_Property_Organization|World Intellectual Property Organization]] wato (WIPO) a matsayin Mataimakin Jami'in Shirye-shiryen ci gaban hadin gwiwa da alakar waje, Ofishin Afirka da Yammacin Asiya. Ya sami matsayi a WIPO ya zama Mataimakin Darakta Janar na sashen bunkasa a shekarar ta 2009. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar ta 2015 ne Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya nada shi Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya.<ref name="MFA">{{cite web|title=The Honourable Minister of Foreign Affairs Mr. Geoffrey Onyeama|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.gov.ng/index.php/about-ministry/leadership-and-directors?showall=1&limitstart=|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nigeria|accessdate=30 January 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812144110/http://foreignaffairs.gov.ng/index.php/about-ministry/leadership-and-directors?showall=1&limitstart=|archivedate=12 August 2016}}</ref> == Rayuwar mutum == Onyeama ya yi aure; kuma yana da yara uku. da Matarsa ta yanzu ita ce Sulola; wanda Onyeama ke da yara biyu. da ita, Onyeama ya auri ɗiyar [[:en:Christian_Onoh|Christian Onoh]] : Nuzo Onoh kuma suna da ɗa na farko da matar. Onyeama mai suna Candice Onyeama; mai rubutun allo da shirya fim.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/covid/14f7f4c5021a3528daf8e206c303a7f7|title=Meet Geoffrey Onyeama and his Beautiful Wife Sulola|publisher=Nigeria Opera News|accessdate=20 September 2020|archive-date=25 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160748/https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/covid/14f7f4c5021a3528daf8e206c303a7f7|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.norwichfilmfestival.co.uk/films/official-selection-2020/born-again|title=Norwich Film Festival: Born Again Directed by Candice Onyeama|publisher=Norwach Film Festival: United Kingdom|accessdate=20 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barnesfilmfestival.com/talks2020/2020/6/12/qampa-candice-onyeama-director-screening-short-fiction-born-again|title=Question and Answer With Candice Onyeama Director Screening Short Fiction Born Again|publisher=Barnes Film Festival: United Kingdom|accessdate=20 September 2020}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[File:Geoffrey Onyeama - June 2016.jpg|thumb|Geoffrey Onyeama]] A ranar 19 ga watan Yulin na shekara ta 2020, Onyeama ya shiga keɓewar likita bayan ya sanar da cewa ya samu tabbataccin [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/idAFKCN24K0LJ-OZATP|title=Nigerian Foreign Minister Onyeama tests positive for coronavirus|date=July 19, 2020|via=af.reuters.com|access-date=November 24, 2020|archive-date=July 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719234844/https://af.reuters.com/article/idAFKCN24K0LJ-OZATP|url-status=dead}}</ref> A ƙarshen watan Agusta na shekara ta 2020, Onyeama ya warke daga cutar COVID-19 na coronavirus; kuma ya koma aikinsa na jagoranci a matsayin HMFA: Mai girma Ministan Harkokin Waje a Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/news/foreign-minister-geoffrey-onyeama-recovers-from-covid-19/|title=Foreign Minister Geoffrey Onyeama Recovers from Covid-19|publisher=The Guardian Nigeria|accessdate=20 September 2020|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929215745/https://guardian.ng/news/foreign-minister-geoffrey-onyeama-recovers-from-covid-19/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2020/08/12/foreign-affairs-minister-onyeama-recovers-from-covid-19/|title=Foreign Minister Onyeama Recovers from COVID-19|publisher=Channels Television Nigeria|accessdate=20 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/foreign-affairs-minister-geoffrey-onyeama-recovers-from-covid-19|title=Foreign Minister Geoffrey Onyeama Recovers from COVID-19|publisher=Vanguard Nigeria News|accessdate=20 September 2020}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[:en:List_of_current_foreign_ministers|List of current foreign ministers]] * [[:en:Cabinet_of_Nigeria|Cabinet of Nigeria]] * [[:en:Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Nigeria)|Minister of Foreign Affairs (Nigeri]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1956]] pbw7caxgssh4ilb6t3451y58ki3jnh2 0 16095 826901 722237 2026-04-27T07:17:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Genevieve30.jpg|thumb|Genevieve Nnaji]] [[Fayil:Genevieve Nnaji in Weekend Getaway.png|thumb|Genevieve Nnaji]] '''Genebiebe Nnaji''' ( /n ɑː dʒ i / . an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Mayu na shekara ta 1979) [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Nijeriya]] actress ce, kuma darekta ce. Ta lashe lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Koyon Fina-Finan Afirka ne don Gwarzuwar ‘yar wasa a Gwarzo a shekara ta (2005) wanda hakan ya sa ta zama‘ yar wasa ta farko da ta fara lashe kyautar. A shekara ta (2011) gwamnatin Najeriya ta karrama ta a matsayin mamba kungiyar ' Order of the Federal Republic ' saboda gudummawar da ta ba kamfanin Nollywood. Fim dinta na farko a fim, <nowiki><i id="mwJA">Lionheart</i></nowiki>, shi ne na farko Netflix Asali daga Nijeriya, kuma gabatarwa ta farko da Najeriya ta gabatar don Oscar. Fim din bai cancanta ba saboda ya kasance yana tattaunawa da Turanci sosai a ciki. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:Genevieve Clark (Thomson) - Bain News Service (cropped).jpg|thumb|Genevieve Nnaji]] An haifi Nnaji ne a Mbaise, [[Imo|jihar Imo]], a [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]], kuma ya girma a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . Na hudu na yara takwas, an tashe ta a cikin dangin matsakaici; mahaifinta yayi aiki a matsayin injiniya, mahaifiyarsa kuma malamin makarantar gandun daji. Ta halarci Kwalejin 'Yan mata ta Methodist ( Yaba, Lagos), kafin ta koma Jami'ar Legas, inda ta kammala da digiri na farko a fannin kere-kere . Yayinda take a jami'a, ta fara binciken finafinai na Nollywood . == Ayyuka == Nnaji fara ta aiki aiki a matsayin yaron actor a sa'an nan-rare talabijin sabulu wasar kwaikwayo ta waka ''Ripples'' da shekaru 8. A shekara ta (1998) tana 'yar shekara 19, an shigar da ita cikin masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya da ke bunƙasa da fim din ''Mafi So.'' Finafinan da ta fito da su sun haɗa da ''Last Party'', ''Mark of the Beast'', da ''Ijele'' . A shekara ta (2010) ta fito a fim din ''Ijé: The Journey'' . Ta yi fice a fina-finan Nollywood sama da 200.  A shekara ta (2004) Nnaji ta sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniyar ''nadar bayanai'' tare da ''EKB Records'', wani ''tambarin'' dan kasar Ghana, sannan ta fitar da kundi na farko mai suna ''One Logologo Line'' . Cakuda ne na R&amp;amp;B, Hip-Hop, da kiɗan birni . A cikin shekara ta (2004) Genevieve Nnaji ta kasance tare da mafi yawan kuri’u bayan fafatawa da sauran mashahurai don neman fuskar Lux a shekara ta (2004). A shekara ta ( 2005) ta lashe kyautar Kwalejin Koyon Fina-Finan Afirka (AMAA) don Kyakkyawar Jaruma a Matsayi Na Jagoranci, inda ta zama jarumi na farko da ya lashe kyautar. [[File:Genevieve30.jpg|thumb| Genevieve a wani taron a cikin shekarar 2009]] Har zuwa shekara ta (200) Nnaji na ɗaya daga cikin actorsan wasan kwaikwayo mata da aka fi biya a Nollywood . Sakamakon gudummawar da ta bayar a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya, ta zama 'yar wasa ta farko da aka ba wa Gwarzuwar Jaruma a bikin girmamawa na City Awards a shekara ta 2001, bikin karramawar wanda a baya kawai ya san' yan siyasa da masu hada-hadar kasuwanci. Ita ce kuma 'yar wasa ta farko da Hukumar Tace Finafinan Najeriya ta ba ta kyauta a shekara ta( 2003). <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://roadtoyesterday.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2020-11-21 |archive-date=2018-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206182350/http://roadtoyesterday.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekara ta (2009) an kira ta Julia Roberts ta Afirka ta Oprah Winfrey . A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta (2015) Nnaji ta shirya fim dinta na farko mai suna ''Road to Jiya'', daga baya ta lashe Kyakkyawar Fim Gabadaya-Yammacin Afirka a Gwarzon Africawararraki na Afirka na shekara ta( 2016). A cikin watan Janairu a shekara ta (2018) an bayar da rahoton cewa Genevieve zai maye gurbin [[Funke Akindele]] a matsayin memba na Dora Milaje a cikin Marvel's ''Avengers: Infinity War'' . Wannan daga baya aka cire shi azaman yanar gizo kuma jarumin bai fito a fim din ba. A ranar 7 ga watan Satumban shekara ta (2018) an gabatar da shirin farko na darekta ''Lionheart'' ne ta hanyar yanar gizo mai suna Netflix wanda ke gabatar da shi ta hanyar yanar gizo, wanda hakan yasa ya zama fim na farko na asali na Netflix daga Najeriya. Fim din ya fara bayyana a duniya a bikin baje kolin fina-finai na duniya na shekara ta (2018) na Toronto, tare da ''Farming'', da Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje wanda ya fara zama darakta a tarihin rayuwar fim inda ta [https://guardian.ng/life/genevieve-nnaji-kate-beckinsale-others-starr-in-farFarmingo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129105208/https://guardian.ng/life/genevieve-nnaji-kate-beckinsale-others-starr-in-farming/ |date=2020-11-29 }} tare da Kate Beckinsale, Damson Idris, da Gugu Mbatha-Raw . Genevieve Nnaji yarinya ce da ke da ƙarfi da gwagwarmaya. Tana ba da shawara ga girlsan matan Najeriya su sami damar tofa albarkacin bakinsu game da wanda suka zaba. Tana adawa da auren wuri ga yarinyar. Tana tsananin adawa da cin zarafin mata a cikin al'umma. Genevieve ta ce ita babbar mai bayar da shawara ce ta tabbatar da adalci a zamantakewar al'umma. Bugu da ari, Genevieve Nnaji kakkarfan mata ne. Ta fadi irin nau'inta na mata ita ce matar da ke da 'yancin yin zaɓin kanta da yin duk abin da ta ga dama. == Misali == [[File:Genevieve_.jpg|alt=Genevieve as a Model|thumb| Genevieve a cikin samfurin Model]] Nnaji ya bayyana a cikin tallace-tallace da yawa, sun hada da na Pronto (abin sha) da na Omo. A shekara ta( 2004) ta zama ''"Face of Lux "'' a Najeriya a cikin wata yarjejeniyar tallafi mai riba. A shekara ta (2008) Nnaji ya ƙaddamar da layin tufafi "St. Genevieve", wanda ke ba da gudummawar kuɗin sa ga sadaka. A watan Mayu na shekarar (2010) an nada ta ta zama ''"Face of MUD "'' a hukumance a Najeriya. == Kyauta da gabatarwa == Nnaji ta samu kyaututtuka da dama da kuma gabatarwa kan aikinta, ciki har da ''Gwarzuwar ‘yar wasa mafi kyau a bana'' a kyaututtukan City City Awards na shekarar (2001) da kuma ''Gwarzuwar‘ yar wasa a'' Gwarzon ''Matsayi a'' Gwarzon Kwalejin Fim na Afirka na shekarar (2005). A cikin shekara ta (2019) Kwamitin Zaɓin Oscars na Najeriya (NOSC) ya zabi fim dinta, Lionheart (2018) fim a matsayin kaddamar da Nijeriya zuwa Besta'idar Mafi Kyawun Filmaukar Filmasa ta Duniya ta shekara ta (2020) Oscars. Shi ne fim na farko da Nijeriya ta taɓa ba wa kyautar Oscar. Daga bisani, an soke ƙaddamar da oscar saboda rashin cika ka'idojin yare. Hanyar tattaunawa ta fim galibi tana cikin yaren Ingilishi. Koyaya, dokokin Oscar tun daga shekara ta (2006) sun nuna cewa finafinan da suka cancanta dole ne su sami “Hanyar Tattaunawar Tattaunawar ba Turanci.” Wannan yunƙurin ƙoƙari ne na buɗe ƙarin dama ga fina-finai daga al'adu daban-daban. A cikin hoto mai dauke da hoto a ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta (2019) mai ba da lambar yabo fim fim Ava DuVernay, ya yi tambaya game da shawarar da Kwalejin ta yanke game da nixing Lionheart Oscar don amfani da harshen hukuma - Ingilishi. Genevieve, a martanin da ya bayar ga Ava DuVernay's Tweet, ya rubuta a shafin Twitter don bayyana cewa kasar [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] kamar yadda take a yanzu, tana alfahari da harsuna sama da 500, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama daban-daban ta cewa Ingilishi, a matsayin [[Nijeriya|yaren hukuma]], zai iya zama yaren da ake amfani da shi ne kawai fim din ya samu karbuwa sosai ga masu sauraro a duk fadin kasar, har ma da fadin nahiyar Afirka. A wata kasida da marubucin Al'adu kuma masanin al'adu da yawa- Kovie Biakolo ya buga mai taken ''"'' Rashin cancantar Zuciyar ''Najeriya ya fi Oscar girma" a shafin yanar gizo na ra'ayin CNN;'' Kovie ya bayyana cewa "ba wanda zai iya taimakawa sai dai kawai ya ji cewa an yankewa Najeriya hukunci saboda kasancewa tsohuwar Turawan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ta hanyar amfani da ainihin yare da aka sanya wa mutanenta, don sadarwa a tsakanin su, musamman ma ta fannin fasaha. Coasashen mulkin mallaka na Faransa da na Sifen da na Portugal tabbas ba su da wannan matsalar. Kuma a zahiri, Kwalejin na iya nuna gajeriyar fahimta ko hangen nesa game da kasancewarta cikin wannan rukunin ". Ta ci gaba da sukar hukumar Oscar saboda ba da izinin gabatar da finafinan Burtaniya da ba Ingilishi ake yi ba, wanda a koyaushe shi ne babban harshen Kasar amma ya yi hakan ne a game da Najeriya wacce ke da bambancin al'adu har yanzu gaskiya ne. === Kwalejin Kwalejin Kwaleji ta 92nd ( Oscars ) === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Nominee / aiki ! Kyauta ! Sakamakon |- | 2020 | Genevieve Nnaji / LionHeart | Mafi Kyawun Fina Finan Duniya | Rashin cancanta |} === Kyaututtukan Kyautar Baki na 19 (FAAAF)] === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Nominee / aiki ! Kyauta ! Sakamakon |- | 2019 | '''''Zakin zuciya''''' | '''Fitaccen Fim na Foreignasashen waje / Hoton Motsa Fina-Finan Duniya''' | Ya ci |} === Taron Fina-Finan Duniya na Toronto === === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fim na Afrika === == Binciken == * ''Layin Logologo Daya'' (2004) == Duba kuma == * Jerin furodusoshin fim na Najeriya ==Filmography== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; background: #f9f9f0" |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes |- |1987 | ''Ripples'' | | |- |1998 | ''Most Wanted'' |Reporter |with Williams Cajethan |- |1999 | ''Camouflage'' | |with [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- |rowspan="2"| 2001 | ''Love Boat'' |Bimbo |with [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- |''Death Warrant'' |Anita |with [[Emeka Ike]] & [[Eucharia Anunobi|Eucharia-Anunobi Ekwu]] |- | rowspan="7" | 2002 | ''Valentino'' |Doris |with [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- |''Fire Dancer'' |Nene |with Zack Orji and Chidi Mokeme |- |''Sharon Stone'' | Sharon Stone |with Funke Akindele |- |''Runs!'' |Adesua |with [[Georgina Onuoha|Gorgina Onuoha]] |- |''[[Power of Love (2002 film)|Power of Love]]'' | Juliet |with [[Ramsey Nouah]], Grace Amah |- |''Formidable Force'' |Nike |with [[Georgina Onuoha|Gorgina Onuoha]] & [[Hanks Anuku]] |- |''Battle Line'' | |with [[Ramsey Nouah]] & [[Pete Edochie]] |- |rowspan="26"| 2003 | ''Above Death: In God We Trust'' | |with [[Pete Edochie]], [[Kate Henshaw-Nuttal]], [[Ramsey Nouah]], & [[Zack Orji]] |- | ''Blood Sister'' |Esther |with [[Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde]] & [[Tony Umez]] |- | ''Break Up'' | |with [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- | ''Butterfly '' | |with [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- | ''By His Grace'' | |with [[Tony Umez]] |- | ''Church Business'' | |with [[Ramsey Nouah]] & [[Segun Arinze]] |- | ''Deadly Mistake'' | | |- | ''Emergency Wedding'' |Joy |with [[Tony Umez]] |- | ''Emotional Tears'' | Helen | |- | ''For Better for Worse'' | | |- | ''Honey'' | |with [[Ramsey Nouah]] & [[Pete Edochie]] |- | ''Jealous Lovers'' | Chioma | |- | ''Keeping Faith: Is That Love?'' | |with [[Richard Mofe Damijo|Richard Mofe-Damijo]] |- | ''Last Weekend'' | |with [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- | ''Late Marriage'' | | |- | ''Love'' | Anita |with [[Richard Mofe Damijo|Richard Mofe-Damijo]] & [[Segun Arinze]] |- | ''My Only Love'' | Angela |with [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- | ''Not Man Enough'' | | |- | ''Passion & Pain'' |Maureen ||with [[Ramsey Nouah]] & [[Desmond Elliot]] |- | ''Passions'' | |with [[Stella Damasus-Aboderin]] & [[Richard Mofe Damijo|Richard Mofe-Damijo]] |- | ''Player: Mr. Lover Man'' | | |- | ''Private Sin'' | Faith |with [[Stephanie Okereke]], [[Richard Mofe Damijo|Richard Mofe-Damijo]], & [[Patience Ozokwor]] |- | ''Sharon Stone in Abuja'' | Sharon Stone | |- | ''Super Love'' |Amaka |with [[Ramsey Nouah]] & [[Pete Edochie]] |- | ''The Chosen One'' | | |- | ''Women Affair'' | | |- |rowspan="13"| 2004 | ''Bumper to Bumper'' | |with [[Georgina Onuoha]] |- | ''Critical Decision'' | |with [[Richard Mofe Damijo|Richard Mofe-Damijo]], [[Stephanie Okereke]], & [[Mike Ezuruonye]] |- | ''Dangerous Sister'' |Judith |with [[Tony Umez]] & [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Egbuson]] |- | ''Goodbye New York'' | |with [[Rita Dominic]] |- | ''He Lives in Me'' |Sheila | |- | ''Into Temptation'' | |with [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- | ''My First Love'' | |with [[Tony Umez]] |- | ''Never Die for Love'' |Flora | |- | ''Promise Me Forever'' |Sylvia |with [[Stephanie Okereke]] |- | ''Stand by Me'' |Franca |with Nkechi Abuah Stella Chikereuba, and Dozie Eboh |- | ''Treasure'' | |with Chide Ihesie, David Ihesie, and Ofia Afuluagu Mbaka |- | ''Unbreakable '' |Nkechi |with [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- | ''We Are One'' |Nora |with [[Stella Damasus-Aboderin]] |- |rowspan="3"| 2005 | ''Darkest Night'' | |with [[Richard Mofe Damijo|Richard Mofe-Damijo]] & [[Segun Arinze]] |- | ''Games Women Play'' |Candace |with [[Stella Damasus-Aboderin]], [[Desmond Elliot]], & [[Zack Orji]] |- | ''Rip-Off'' |Hellen |with [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- |rowspan="2"| 2006 | ''Girls Cot'' |Queen |with [[Rita Dominic]] & [[Ini Edo]] |- | ''[[30 Days (2006 film)|30 Days]]'' | Chinora Onu |with [[Segun Arinze]] – this film received 10 nominations at the [[Africa Movie Academy Awards]] in 2008,<br />including ''Best Picture'', ''Best Art Direction'', ''Best Screenplay'', ''Best Edit'', ''Best Costumes'', and ''Best Sound''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screenafrica.com/news/industry/363428.htm|title=List of Nominees for AMAA 2008|publisher=ScreenAfrica.com|access-date=20 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208181413/http://www.screenafrica.com/news/industry/363428.htm|archive-date=8 February 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" | 2007 | ''[[Letters to a Stranger]]'' | Jemima Lawal |with [[Yemi Blaq]], [[Joke Silva]], and [[Segun Arinze]] |- |''Keep My Will'' |Vivian | |- | ''Warrior's Heart'' |Ihuoma |with Ozo Akubueze, Chikamso Chiawa, and Nick Eleh |- |2007 |''Unfinished Business'' |Nkem | |- |2007 |''Winds of Glory'' |Juliana | |- |rowspan="5"| 2008 | ''Beautiful Soul'' | Olivia |this film received 3 [[Africa Movie Academy Award]] nominations for ''Best Screenplay'',<br />''Best Soundtrack'', and ''Heart of Africa''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009 |title=AMAA Nominees and Winners 2009 |publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]] |access-date=7 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405090903/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009 |archive-date=5 April 2011 }}</ref> |- | ''Broken Tears'' |Yvonne |with [[Van Vicker]], [[Kate Henshaw-Nuttal]] and Grace Amah |- | ''Critical Condition'' |Ify | |- | ''River of Tears'' | Yvonne |with [[Kate Henshaw-Nuttal]], [[Van Vicker]], and Grace Amah |- | ''My Idol'' | | |- |208 |''Love My Way'' |Kayla | |- | rowspan="2" | 2009 | ''[[Silent Scandals]]'' | Jessie |with [[Majid Michel]] & [[Uche Jombo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/26154/1/Silent-Scandals-hits-movie-shelves-soon/Page1.html|title=''Silent Scandals'' hits movie shelves soon|publisher=Vintage Press Limited|access-date=21 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726122623/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/26154/1/Silent-Scandals-hits-movie-shelves-soon/Page1.html|archive-date=26 July 2011}}</ref> |- | ''Felicima'' | Felicima |with [[Alex Lopez (actress)|Alex Lopez]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/6140/1/felicima-the-cripple-who-loves-genevieve.html |title=Felicima: The cripple who loves Genevieve |access-date=17 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610233107/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/6140/1/felicima-the-cripple-who-loves-genevieve.html |archive-date=10 June 2015 }}</ref> |- |rowspan="4"|2010 | ''[[Ijé|Ijé: The Journey]]'' |Chioma Opara |with [[Omotola Jalade Ekeinde]], [[Odalys García]], & [[Clem Ohameze]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odalysgarcia.com/bio/index.htm|title=Odalys García's first feature film: Ijé -The Journey|access-date=19 November 2009|archive-date=20 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020003802/http://www.odalysgarcia.com/bio/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ''[[Tango with me]]'' | Lola |with [[Joke Silva]] & [[Joseph Benjamin (actor)|Joseph Benjamin]] |- | ''Bursting Out'' |Zara Williams |with [[Majid Michel]], [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]], [[Omoni Oboli]], & [[Desmond Elliot]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/sat/index.php/entertainment-extra/1759-nadia-bouari-visits-nigeria.html |title=Nadia Bouari Visits Nigeria |last=Olukole |first=Tope |date=7 August 2010 |work=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |access-date=10 January 2011 |location=Ibadan, Nigeria |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314062115/http://www.tribune.com.ng/sat/index.php/entertainment-extra/1759-nadia-bouari-visits-nigeria.html |archive-date=14 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/04/genevieve-majid-michale-sparkle-in-bursting-out/|title=Genevieve, Majid Michale sparkle in Bursting Out|date=23 April 2010|work=[[Vanguard Media|Vanguard]]|publisher=[[Vanguard Media]]|access-date=23 July 2011|location=Lagos, Nigeria|archive-date=19 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119154843/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/04/genevieve-majid-michale-sparkle-in-bursting-out/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ''[[Mirror Boy]]'' | Teema |with [[Osita Iheme]]<ref name="newmov">{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201009270858.html|title=Richest Nollywood Actresses|date=26 September 2010|work=AllAfrica.com|publisher=AllAfrica Global Media|access-date=10 January 2011|archive-date=30 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930161548/http://allafrica.com/stories/201009270858.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2011 | ''Sacred Lies'' | Isabella |with [[Olu Jacobs]], [[Desmond Elliot]], & [[Nadia Buari]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201103141040.html|title=Nigeria: Plate of Sacred Lies Dotted Only by Star Factor|last=Adedayo|first=Odulaja|date=11 March 2011|work=AllAfrica.com|publisher=AllAfrica Global Media|access-date=23 July 2011|archive-date=20 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020072512/http://allafrica.com/stories/201103141040.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2012 | ''[[Weekend Getaway]]'' | |with [[Ramsey Nouah]], [[Ini Edo]], [[Monalisa Chinda]] |- |rowspan="2"|2013 |''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|Half of a Yellow Sun]] '' |Ms. Adebayo |with [[Chiwetel Ejiofor]], [[Thandie Newton]], [[Onyeka Onwenu]], and [[OC Ukeje]] |- |''[[Doctor Bello]] '' |Doctor Eniola |with [[Isaiah Washington]], [[Vivica A. Fox]], [[Justus Esiri]], and [[Stephanie Okereke]] |- |2014 |''The Truth with Olisa'' |Guest |TV series |- |2015 |''[[Road to Yesterday (film)|Road to Yesterday]]'' |Victoria |with [[Oris Erhuero]] and [[Majid Michel]] |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |''[[Lionheart (2018 film)|Lionheart]]'' |Adaeze |Also the Director and Writer |- |''[[Farming (film)|Farming]]'' |Tolu |Supporting Actress |- |2021 |FELA! Ten-Twenty<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genevieve Nnaji {{!}} Actress, Producer, Writer |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2105039/ |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> |Sewaa-Kuti Kalakuta Queen |With Ajala Aliu, Comfort Dangana, Adeola Adebari |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Official website * Genevieve Nnaji on IMDb [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7oh90eh55lx3biosflquynl5lazi9eh 0 18696 826657 346790 2026-04-26T13:55:35Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Gwamnati */ 826657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Masarautar '''Sarkin Musulmi jihar''' gargajiya ce a Arewacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] mai hedkwata a cikin garin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]], babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sakkwato ta]] zamani. Wanda kuma ya shu gabace shi daga [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifanci na Sakkwato]], an kafa majalissar a shekarar 1903 bayan da Birtaniyya ta sasanta [[Daular Sokoto|khalifanci]] . [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmi]] yana matsayin babban jagoran addinin musulmai a Najeriya kuma babban Sheik na [[Ƙadiriya|ɗarikar Qadiriyya a]] [[Sufiyya|waccan]] kasar. <ref>[http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/114393/1/road-to-azare.html The Nigerian Voice: "ROAD TO AZARE" By Ajiroba Yemi Kotun] 23 May 2013</ref> <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411281799.html All Africa: "Nigeria: Updated - Kano Blasts Claim Over 60" By Ismail Mudashir] 28 November 2014</ref> A 2006, [[Sa'adu Abubakar]] ya zama Sarkin Musulmi. == Tarihi == Bayan wanzuwar zaman lafiya a Arewacin Najeriya, Turawan Burtaniya sun kafa Masarautar Arewacin Najeriya don mulkin yankin, wanda ya haɗa da mafi yawan masarautar Sakkwato da manyan masarautun ta. A ƙarƙashin gwamna janar Luggard, an ba manyan sarakunan ikon cin gashin kansu na gari, don haka suka ci gaba da kasancewa da yawa daga cikin kungiyar siyasa ta Khalifanci na Sakkwato. An kuma ɗauki yankin Sokoto a matsayin wata masarauta ce a cikin Kare-tsare na Najeriya. Saboda ba a taɓa haɗa shi da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ba, ya zama mara iyaka a fannin tattalin arziki da siyasa. Ana ci gaba da kallon Sultan na Sakkwato a matsayin muhimmin mai mallakar ruhi da addini; an ci gaba da gane layin nasaba da dan Fodio. Daya daga cikin manyan Sarakunan shi ne [[Siddiq Abubakar III]], wanda ya rike mukamin na tsawon shekaru 50, daga 1938 zuwa 1988. An san shi a matsayin mai tabbatar da karfi a siyasar Najeriya, musamman a shekarar 1966 bayan kisan [[Ahmadu Bello]], Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya. Bayan rasuwar Siddiq Abubakar a shekara ta 1988, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] tsoma baki a gadon mulkin, inda ya sanya sunan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], ɗaya daga cikin abokan kasuwancinsa a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi. Manyan sassan Arewacin Najeriya sun barke da mummunar zanga-zanga wacce ta shafi kamfanonin Dasuki. A shekarar 1996, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Sani Abacha|Sani Abacha ya]] tube shi, ya nada [[Muhammadu Maccido]], wanda ya yi mulki har ya mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama a 2006. == Gwamnati == {{Infobox}}{{royal house||surname=House of Usman dan Fodio|type=[[Nigerian]] [[royal dynasty]] [[File:Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg|thumb|The quasi-[[heraldic flag]] of Sokoto, symbol of the kings and emperors of the Caliphate]]|parent house=[[Torodbe]]|founded=19th century|founder=[[Usman dan Fodio]]|region=[[Northern Nigeria|North]]|current head=[[Sa'adu Abubakar]]|titles=* [[Sultan of Sokoto|Sultan]] of Sokoto <br> * [[Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri]] of Sokoto * [[Sardauna of Sokoto|Sardauna]] of Sokoto * Yarima of Sokoto * [[Hakim (title)|Hakimi]] of Sokoto * Magajiya of Sokoto|members=* [[Muhammed Bello]] <br> * [[Nana Asma'u]] *[[Ahmadu Bello]]|styles=''Ranka Dede'' <br>[[His Eminence|Eminence]] <br> [[Royal Highness]]|other_families=[[Sullubawa|Sullubawa of Kano and Katsina]] <br> [[Umar Tall|Tall of Segou]]|cadet branches=* Bello family (Sokoto) <br> * [[Gidado dan Laima|Gidado family]] (Sokoto) * Tall family ([[Senegambia]])|religion=[[Islam]] <br> [[Folk Islam]]|motto=NasrunminAllah ([[Arabic]] for "Victory is from God alone.")}} A ƙarƙashin tsare tsaren mulkin kai tsaye na Burtaniya, Sultan da sauran 'yan uwansa Sarakuna su ne kadai' Yan asalin Kasar, wadanda ke karkashin kulawar Mazauna Mulkin Mallaka. Hakimai (ko taken sarakuna) ya taimaki Sarkin Musulmi ko Sarki wajen gudanar da mulkin jiharsa. An riƙe wannan tsarin sosai a lokacin Jamhuriya ta Farko ta Nijeriya . A shekarar 1966, kifar da Gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ya haifar da sake tsarin tsarin tarayyar Najeriya. Wannan sannu a hankali ya rage ikon mulkin mallakar Arewacin Najeriya da masarautun ta. == Kasuwanci == [[File:Sokoto_market_2006.jpg|right|thumb| Kasuwar Sakkwato]] Fiye da kashi tamanin (80%) na mazauna Sakkwato suna yin wani nau'in noma ko wani. Suna samar da irin amfanin gona kamar gero, kwarya, masara, shinkafa, dankali, rogo, gyada, albasa da wake don samun abinci da kuma samar da alkama, auduga da kayan lambu a tsabar kuɗi. Sana'o'in cikin gida kamar su aikin baƙi, saƙa, rini, sassaka da aikin fata suma suna da mahimmiyar rawa a rayuwar tattalin arzikin jama'ar Sakkwato; a sakamakon haka yankuna daban-daban kamar Makera, Marina, Takalmawa da Majema sun zama masu mahimmanci. Sakkwato kuma na daya daga cikin yankunan da ke samar da kifi a ƙasar. Don haka, mutane da yawa a gefen kogin suna yin kamun kifi. Sakkwato daidai take da albarkatun ƙasa da na ma'adinai. Masana'antun da ke hade da amfanin gona suna amfani da auduga, gyada, dawa, da danko, masara, da shinkafa, da alkama, da sikari, da rogo, da danko na larabci da taɓa domin ana iya samar da kayan masarufi a yankin Hakanan ana iya yin aikin noma mai yawa a cikin jihar ta hanyar amfani da ruwan ban ruwa daga Goronyo Dam, Lugu, Kalmalo, Wammakko da Kwakuzo tabkuna, da sauransu. Ma'adanai kamar su kaolin, gypsum, limestone, laterite, red mills, phosphate duka rawaya da kore, laka mai laushi da yashi ana samunsu da yawa na kasuwanci. Masana'antu da ke amfani da waɗannan albarkatun za'a iya kafa su a cikin jihar. Masana'antar ciminti ta Sakkwato, wacce ke Wamakko, misali ce ta misali. Rashin tserar tse-tse a kan yankin makiyaya yana amfanar dabbobin gida da na gida. Sakkwato ita ce ta biyu a fannin kiwon dabbobi a cikin dabbobin ƙasar sama da miliyan takwas. Samuwar wannan ƙarfin tattalin arziki yana ba da kyakkyawar damar saka hannun jari, musamman a masana'antun da ke kawance da gona irin su injin garin fulawa, sarrafa tumatir, tace sukari, masaku, manne, tanning, kifin gwangwani, da sauransu. == Duba kuma == * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Sarakuna]] [[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]] [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 709aqwxav2oyp86liju2r3l4iocy40b 826660 826657 2026-04-26T14:01:54Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Gwamnati */ 826660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Masarautar '''Sarkin Musulmi jihar''' gargajiya ce a Arewacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] mai hedkwata a cikin garin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]], babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sakkwato ta]] zamani. Wanda kuma ya shu gabace shi daga [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifanci na Sakkwato]], an kafa majalissar a shekarar 1903 bayan da Birtaniyya ta sasanta [[Daular Sokoto|khalifanci]] . [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmi]] yana matsayin babban jagoran addinin musulmai a Najeriya kuma babban Sheik na [[Ƙadiriya|ɗarikar Qadiriyya a]] [[Sufiyya|waccan]] kasar. <ref>[http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/114393/1/road-to-azare.html The Nigerian Voice: "ROAD TO AZARE" By Ajiroba Yemi Kotun] 23 May 2013</ref> <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411281799.html All Africa: "Nigeria: Updated - Kano Blasts Claim Over 60" By Ismail Mudashir] 28 November 2014</ref> A 2006, [[Sa'adu Abubakar]] ya zama Sarkin Musulmi. == Tarihi == Bayan wanzuwar zaman lafiya a Arewacin Najeriya, Turawan Burtaniya sun kafa Masarautar Arewacin Najeriya don mulkin yankin, wanda ya haɗa da mafi yawan masarautar Sakkwato da manyan masarautun ta. A ƙarƙashin gwamna janar Luggard, an ba manyan sarakunan ikon cin gashin kansu na gari, don haka suka ci gaba da kasancewa da yawa daga cikin kungiyar siyasa ta Khalifanci na Sakkwato. An kuma ɗauki yankin Sokoto a matsayin wata masarauta ce a cikin Kare-tsare na Najeriya. Saboda ba a taɓa haɗa shi da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ba, ya zama mara iyaka a fannin tattalin arziki da siyasa. Ana ci gaba da kallon Sultan na Sakkwato a matsayin muhimmin mai mallakar ruhi da addini; an ci gaba da gane layin nasaba da dan Fodio. Daya daga cikin manyan Sarakunan shi ne [[Siddiq Abubakar III]], wanda ya rike mukamin na tsawon shekaru 50, daga 1938 zuwa 1988. An san shi a matsayin mai tabbatar da karfi a siyasar Najeriya, musamman a shekarar 1966 bayan kisan [[Ahmadu Bello]], Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya. Bayan rasuwar Siddiq Abubakar a shekara ta 1988, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] tsoma baki a gadon mulkin, inda ya sanya sunan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], ɗaya daga cikin abokan kasuwancinsa a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi. Manyan sassan Arewacin Najeriya sun barke da mummunar zanga-zanga wacce ta shafi kamfanonin Dasuki. A shekarar 1996, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Sani Abacha|Sani Abacha ya]] tube shi, ya nada [[Muhammadu Maccido]], wanda ya yi mulki har ya mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama a 2006. == Gwamnati == {{Infobox}}{{royal house||surname=House of Usman dan Fodio|type=[[Nigerian]] [[royal dynasty]] [[File:Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg|thumb|The quasi-[[heraldic flag]] of Sokoto, symbol of the kings and emperors of the Caliphate]]|parent house=[[Torodbe]]|founded=19th century|founder=[[Usman dan Fodio]]|region=[[Northern Nigeria|North]]|current head=[[Sa'adu Abubakar]]|titles=* [[Sultan of Sokoto|Sultan]] of Sokoto <br> * [[Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri]] of Sokoto * [[Sardauna of Sokoto|Sardauna]] of Sokoto * Yarima of Sokoto * [[Hakim (title)|Hakimi]] of Sokoto * Magajiya of Sokoto|members=* [[Muhammed Bello]] <br> * [[Nana Asma'u]] *[[Ahmadu Bello]]|styles=''Ranka Dede'' <br>[[His Eminence|Eminence]] <br> [[Royal Highness]]|other_families=[[Sullubawa|Sullubawa of Kano and Katsina]] <br> [[Umar Tall|Tall of Segou]]|cadet branches=* Bello family (Sokoto) <br> * [[Gidado dan Laima|Gidado family]] (Sokoto) * Tall family ([[Senegambia]])|religion=[[Islam]] <br> [[Folk Islam]]|motto=NasrunminAllah ([[Arabic]] for "Victory is from God alone.")}} A ƙarƙashin tsare tsaren mulkin kai tsaye na Burtaniya, Sultan da sauran 'yan uwansa Sarakuna su ne kadai' Yan asalin Kasar, wadanda ke karkashin kulawar Mazauna Mulkin Mallaka. Hakimai (ko taken sarakuna) ya taimaki Sarkin Musulmi ko Sarki wajen gudanar da mulkin jiharsa. An riƙe wannan tsarin sosai a lokacin Jamhuriya ta Farko ta Nijeriya . A shekarar 1966, kifar da Gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ya haifar da sake tsare tsaren tarayyar Najeriya. Wannan sannu a hankali ya rage ikon mulkin mallakar Arewacin Najeriya da masarautun ta. == Kasuwanci == [[File:Sokoto_market_2006.jpg|right|thumb| Kasuwar Sakkwato]] Fiye da kashi tamanin (80%) na mazauna Sakkwato suna yin wani nau'in noma ko wani. Suna samar da irin amfanin gona kamar gero, kwarya, masara, shinkafa, dankali, rogo, gyada, albasa da wake don samun abinci da kuma samar da alkama, auduga da kayan lambu a tsabar kuɗi. Sana'o'in cikin gida kamar su aikin baƙi, saƙa, rini, sassaka da aikin fata suma suna da mahimmiyar rawa a rayuwar tattalin arzikin jama'ar Sakkwato; a sakamakon haka yankuna daban-daban kamar Makera, Marina, Takalmawa da Majema sun zama masu mahimmanci. Sakkwato kuma na daya daga cikin yankunan da ke samar da kifi a ƙasar. Don haka, mutane da yawa a gefen kogin suna yin kamun kifi. Sakkwato daidai take da albarkatun ƙasa da na ma'adinai. Masana'antun da ke hade da amfanin gona suna amfani da auduga, gyada, dawa, da danko, masara, da shinkafa, da alkama, da sikari, da rogo, da danko na larabci da taɓa domin ana iya samar da kayan masarufi a yankin Hakanan ana iya yin aikin noma mai yawa a cikin jihar ta hanyar amfani da ruwan ban ruwa daga Goronyo Dam, Lugu, Kalmalo, Wammakko da Kwakuzo tabkuna, da sauransu. Ma'adanai kamar su kaolin, gypsum, limestone, laterite, red mills, phosphate duka rawaya da kore, laka mai laushi da yashi ana samunsu da yawa na kasuwanci. Masana'antu da ke amfani da waɗannan albarkatun za'a iya kafa su a cikin jihar. Masana'antar ciminti ta Sakkwato, wacce ke Wamakko, misali ce ta misali. Rashin tserar tse-tse a kan yankin makiyaya yana amfanar dabbobin gida da na gida. Sakkwato ita ce ta biyu a fannin kiwon dabbobi a cikin dabbobin ƙasar sama da miliyan takwas. Samuwar wannan ƙarfin tattalin arziki yana ba da kyakkyawar damar saka hannun jari, musamman a masana'antun da ke kawance da gona irin su injin garin fulawa, sarrafa tumatir, tace sukari, masaku, manne, tanning, kifin gwangwani, da sauransu. == Duba kuma == * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Sarakuna]] [[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]] [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] io4mbs3sq8vqy7656b7z96lffrzbnso 826661 826660 2026-04-26T14:14:44Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Kasuwanci */ 826661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Masarautar '''Sarkin Musulmi jihar''' gargajiya ce a Arewacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] mai hedkwata a cikin garin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]], babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sakkwato ta]] zamani. Wanda kuma ya shu gabace shi daga [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifanci na Sakkwato]], an kafa majalissar a shekarar 1903 bayan da Birtaniyya ta sasanta [[Daular Sokoto|khalifanci]] . [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmi]] yana matsayin babban jagoran addinin musulmai a Najeriya kuma babban Sheik na [[Ƙadiriya|ɗarikar Qadiriyya a]] [[Sufiyya|waccan]] kasar. <ref>[http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/114393/1/road-to-azare.html The Nigerian Voice: "ROAD TO AZARE" By Ajiroba Yemi Kotun] 23 May 2013</ref> <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411281799.html All Africa: "Nigeria: Updated - Kano Blasts Claim Over 60" By Ismail Mudashir] 28 November 2014</ref> A 2006, [[Sa'adu Abubakar]] ya zama Sarkin Musulmi. == Tarihi == Bayan wanzuwar zaman lafiya a Arewacin Najeriya, Turawan Burtaniya sun kafa Masarautar Arewacin Najeriya don mulkin yankin, wanda ya haɗa da mafi yawan masarautar Sakkwato da manyan masarautun ta. A ƙarƙashin gwamna janar Luggard, an ba manyan sarakunan ikon cin gashin kansu na gari, don haka suka ci gaba da kasancewa da yawa daga cikin kungiyar siyasa ta Khalifanci na Sakkwato. An kuma ɗauki yankin Sokoto a matsayin wata masarauta ce a cikin Kare-tsare na Najeriya. Saboda ba a taɓa haɗa shi da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ba, ya zama mara iyaka a fannin tattalin arziki da siyasa. Ana ci gaba da kallon Sultan na Sakkwato a matsayin muhimmin mai mallakar ruhi da addini; an ci gaba da gane layin nasaba da dan Fodio. Daya daga cikin manyan Sarakunan shi ne [[Siddiq Abubakar III]], wanda ya rike mukamin na tsawon shekaru 50, daga 1938 zuwa 1988. An san shi a matsayin mai tabbatar da karfi a siyasar Najeriya, musamman a shekarar 1966 bayan kisan [[Ahmadu Bello]], Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya. Bayan rasuwar Siddiq Abubakar a shekara ta 1988, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] tsoma baki a gadon mulkin, inda ya sanya sunan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], ɗaya daga cikin abokan kasuwancinsa a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi. Manyan sassan Arewacin Najeriya sun barke da mummunar zanga-zanga wacce ta shafi kamfanonin Dasuki. A shekarar 1996, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Sani Abacha|Sani Abacha ya]] tube shi, ya nada [[Muhammadu Maccido]], wanda ya yi mulki har ya mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama a 2006. == Gwamnati == {{Infobox}}{{royal house||surname=House of Usman dan Fodio|type=[[Nigerian]] [[royal dynasty]] [[File:Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg|thumb|The quasi-[[heraldic flag]] of Sokoto, symbol of the kings and emperors of the Caliphate]]|parent house=[[Torodbe]]|founded=19th century|founder=[[Usman dan Fodio]]|region=[[Northern Nigeria|North]]|current head=[[Sa'adu Abubakar]]|titles=* [[Sultan of Sokoto|Sultan]] of Sokoto <br> * [[Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri]] of Sokoto * [[Sardauna of Sokoto|Sardauna]] of Sokoto * Yarima of Sokoto * [[Hakim (title)|Hakimi]] of Sokoto * Magajiya of Sokoto|members=* [[Muhammed Bello]] <br> * [[Nana Asma'u]] *[[Ahmadu Bello]]|styles=''Ranka Dede'' <br>[[His Eminence|Eminence]] <br> [[Royal Highness]]|other_families=[[Sullubawa|Sullubawa of Kano and Katsina]] <br> [[Umar Tall|Tall of Segou]]|cadet branches=* Bello family (Sokoto) <br> * [[Gidado dan Laima|Gidado family]] (Sokoto) * Tall family ([[Senegambia]])|religion=[[Islam]] <br> [[Folk Islam]]|motto=NasrunminAllah ([[Arabic]] for "Victory is from God alone.")}} A ƙarƙashin tsare tsaren mulkin kai tsaye na Burtaniya, Sultan da sauran 'yan uwansa Sarakuna su ne kadai' Yan asalin Kasar, wadanda ke karkashin kulawar Mazauna Mulkin Mallaka. Hakimai (ko taken sarakuna) ya taimaki Sarkin Musulmi ko Sarki wajen gudanar da mulkin jiharsa. An riƙe wannan tsarin sosai a lokacin Jamhuriya ta Farko ta Nijeriya . A shekarar 1966, kifar da Gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ya haifar da sake tsare tsaren tarayyar Najeriya. Wannan sannu a hankali ya rage ikon mulkin mallakar Arewacin Najeriya da masarautun ta. == Kasuwanci == [[File:Sokoto_market_2006.jpg|right|thumb| Kasuwar Sakkwato]] Fiye da kashi tamanin (80%) na mazauna Sakkwato suna yin wani nau'in noma ko wani. Suna samar da irin amfanin gona kamar gero, kwarya, masara, shinkafa, dankali, rogo, gyada, albasa da wake don samun abinci da kuma samar da alkama, auduga da kayan lambu a tsabar kuɗi. Sana'o'in cikin gida kamar su aikin baƙi, saƙa, rini, sassaka da aikin fata suma suna da mahimmiyar rawa a rayuwar tattalin arzikin jama'ar Sakkwato; a sakamakon haka yankuna daban-daban kamar Makera, Marina, Takalmawa da Majema sun zama masu mahimmanci. Sakkwato kuma na daya daga cikin yankunan da ke samar da kifi a ƙasar. Don haka, mutane da yawa a gefen kogin suna yin kamun kifi. Sakkwato tana da albarkatun ƙasa da na ma'adinai. Masana'antun da ke hade da amfanin gona suna amfani da auduga, gyada, dawa, da danko, masara, da shinkafa, da alkama, da sikari, da rogo, da danko na larabci da taɓa domin ana iya samar da kayan masarufi a yankin Hakanan ana iya yin aikin noma mai yawa a cikin jihar ta hanyar amfani da ruwan ban ruwa daga Goronyo Dam, Lugu, Kalmalo, Wammakko da Kwakuzo tabkuna, da sauransu. Ma'adanai kamar su kaolin, gypsum, limestone, laterite, red mills, phosphate duka rawaya da kore, laka mai laushi da yashi ana samunsu da yawa na kasuwanci. Masana'antu da ke amfani da waɗannan albarkatun za'a iya kafa su a cikin jihar. Masana'antar ciminti ta Sakkwato, wacce ke Wamakko, misali ce ta misali. Rashin tserar tse-tse a kan yankin makiyaya yana amfanar dabbobin gida da na gida. Sakkwato ita ce ta biyu a fannin kiwon dabbobi a cikin dabbobin ƙasar sama da miliyan takwas. Samuwar wannan ƙarfin tattalin arziki yana ba da kyakkyawar damar saka hannun jari, musamman a masana'antun da ke kawance da gona irin su injin garin fulawa, sarrafa tumatir, tace sukari, masaku, manne, tanning, kifin gwangwani, da sauransu. == Duba kuma == * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Sarakuna]] [[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]] [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] p43ova9a6eqjllhark5ww1mahbwwhxg 826662 826661 2026-04-26T14:16:50Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Kasuwanci */ 826662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Masarautar '''Sarkin Musulmi jihar''' gargajiya ce a Arewacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] mai hedkwata a cikin garin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]], babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sakkwato ta]] zamani. Wanda kuma ya shu gabace shi daga [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifanci na Sakkwato]], an kafa majalissar a shekarar 1903 bayan da Birtaniyya ta sasanta [[Daular Sokoto|khalifanci]] . [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmi]] yana matsayin babban jagoran addinin musulmai a Najeriya kuma babban Sheik na [[Ƙadiriya|ɗarikar Qadiriyya a]] [[Sufiyya|waccan]] kasar. <ref>[http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/114393/1/road-to-azare.html The Nigerian Voice: "ROAD TO AZARE" By Ajiroba Yemi Kotun] 23 May 2013</ref> <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411281799.html All Africa: "Nigeria: Updated - Kano Blasts Claim Over 60" By Ismail Mudashir] 28 November 2014</ref> A 2006, [[Sa'adu Abubakar]] ya zama Sarkin Musulmi. == Tarihi == Bayan wanzuwar zaman lafiya a Arewacin Najeriya, Turawan Burtaniya sun kafa Masarautar Arewacin Najeriya don mulkin yankin, wanda ya haɗa da mafi yawan masarautar Sakkwato da manyan masarautun ta. A ƙarƙashin gwamna janar Luggard, an ba manyan sarakunan ikon cin gashin kansu na gari, don haka suka ci gaba da kasancewa da yawa daga cikin kungiyar siyasa ta Khalifanci na Sakkwato. An kuma ɗauki yankin Sokoto a matsayin wata masarauta ce a cikin Kare-tsare na Najeriya. Saboda ba a taɓa haɗa shi da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ba, ya zama mara iyaka a fannin tattalin arziki da siyasa. Ana ci gaba da kallon Sultan na Sakkwato a matsayin muhimmin mai mallakar ruhi da addini; an ci gaba da gane layin nasaba da dan Fodio. Daya daga cikin manyan Sarakunan shi ne [[Siddiq Abubakar III]], wanda ya rike mukamin na tsawon shekaru 50, daga 1938 zuwa 1988. An san shi a matsayin mai tabbatar da karfi a siyasar Najeriya, musamman a shekarar 1966 bayan kisan [[Ahmadu Bello]], Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya. Bayan rasuwar Siddiq Abubakar a shekara ta 1988, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] tsoma baki a gadon mulkin, inda ya sanya sunan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], ɗaya daga cikin abokan kasuwancinsa a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi. Manyan sassan Arewacin Najeriya sun barke da mummunar zanga-zanga wacce ta shafi kamfanonin Dasuki. A shekarar 1996, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Sani Abacha|Sani Abacha ya]] tube shi, ya nada [[Muhammadu Maccido]], wanda ya yi mulki har ya mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama a 2006. == Gwamnati == {{Infobox}}{{royal house||surname=House of Usman dan Fodio|type=[[Nigerian]] [[royal dynasty]] [[File:Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg|thumb|The quasi-[[heraldic flag]] of Sokoto, symbol of the kings and emperors of the Caliphate]]|parent house=[[Torodbe]]|founded=19th century|founder=[[Usman dan Fodio]]|region=[[Northern Nigeria|North]]|current head=[[Sa'adu Abubakar]]|titles=* [[Sultan of Sokoto|Sultan]] of Sokoto <br> * [[Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri]] of Sokoto * [[Sardauna of Sokoto|Sardauna]] of Sokoto * Yarima of Sokoto * [[Hakim (title)|Hakimi]] of Sokoto * Magajiya of Sokoto|members=* [[Muhammed Bello]] <br> * [[Nana Asma'u]] *[[Ahmadu Bello]]|styles=''Ranka Dede'' <br>[[His Eminence|Eminence]] <br> [[Royal Highness]]|other_families=[[Sullubawa|Sullubawa of Kano and Katsina]] <br> [[Umar Tall|Tall of Segou]]|cadet branches=* Bello family (Sokoto) <br> * [[Gidado dan Laima|Gidado family]] (Sokoto) * Tall family ([[Senegambia]])|religion=[[Islam]] <br> [[Folk Islam]]|motto=NasrunminAllah ([[Arabic]] for "Victory is from God alone.")}} A ƙarƙashin tsare tsaren mulkin kai tsaye na Burtaniya, Sultan da sauran 'yan uwansa Sarakuna su ne kadai' Yan asalin Kasar, wadanda ke karkashin kulawar Mazauna Mulkin Mallaka. Hakimai (ko taken sarakuna) ya taimaki Sarkin Musulmi ko Sarki wajen gudanar da mulkin jiharsa. An riƙe wannan tsarin sosai a lokacin Jamhuriya ta Farko ta Nijeriya . A shekarar 1966, kifar da Gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ya haifar da sake tsare tsaren tarayyar Najeriya. Wannan sannu a hankali ya rage ikon mulkin mallakar Arewacin Najeriya da masarautun ta. == Kasuwanci == [[File:Sokoto_market_2006.jpg|right|thumb| Kasuwar Sakkwato]] Fiye da kashi tamanin (80%) na mazauna Sakkwato suna yin wani nau'in noma ko wani. Suna samar da irin amfanin gona kamar gero, kwarya, masara, shinkafa, dankali, rogo, gyada, albasa da wake don samun abinci da kuma samar da alkama, auduga da kayan lambu a tsabar kuɗi. Sana'o'in cikin gida kamar su aikin baƙi, saƙa, rini, sassaka da aikin fata suma suna da mahimmiyar rawa a rayuwar tattalin arzikin jama'ar Sakkwato; a sakamakon haka yankuna daban-daban kamar Makera, Marina, Takalmawa da Majema sun zama masu mahimmanci. Sakkwato kuma na daya daga cikin yankunan da ke samar da kifi a ƙasar. Don haka, mutane da yawa a gefen kogin suna yin kamun kifi. Sakkwato tana da albarkatun ƙasa da na ma'adanai. Masana'antun da ke hade da amfanin gona suna amfani da auduga, gyada, dawa, da danko, masara, da shinkafa, da alkama, da sikari, da rogo, da danko na larabci da taɓa domin ana iya samar da kayan masarufi a yankin Hakanan ana iya yin aikin noma mai yawa a cikin jihar ta hanyar amfani da ruwan ban ruwa daga Goronyo Dam, Lugu, Kalmalo, Wammakko da Kwakuzo tabkuna, da sauransu. Ma'adanai kamar su kaolin, gypsum, limestone, laterite, red mills, phosphate duka rawaya da kore, laka mai laushi da yashi ana samunsu da yawa na kasuwanci. Masana'antu da ke amfani da waɗannan albarkatun za'a iya kafa su a cikin jihar. Masana'antar ciminti ta Sakkwato, wacce ke Wamakko, misali ce ta misali. Rashin tserar tse-tse a kan yankin makiyaya yana amfanar dabbobin gida da na gida. Sakkwato ita ce ta biyu a fannin kiwon dabbobi a cikin dabbobin ƙasar sama da miliyan takwas. Samuwar wannan ƙarfin tattalin arziki yana ba da kyakkyawar damar saka hannun jari, musamman a masana'antun da ke kawance da gona irin su injin garin fulawa, sarrafa tumatir, tace sukari, masaku, manne, tanning, kifin gwangwani, da sauransu. == Duba kuma == * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Sarakuna]] [[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]] [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3x3ozx2sku1snikwwglddl5ka0yv13a 826666 826662 2026-04-26T14:27:33Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Kasuwanci */ 826666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Masarautar '''Sarkin Musulmi jihar''' gargajiya ce a Arewacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] mai hedkwata a cikin garin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]], babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sakkwato ta]] zamani. Wanda kuma ya shu gabace shi daga [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifanci na Sakkwato]], an kafa majalissar a shekarar 1903 bayan da Birtaniyya ta sasanta [[Daular Sokoto|khalifanci]] . [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmi]] yana matsayin babban jagoran addinin musulmai a Najeriya kuma babban Sheik na [[Ƙadiriya|ɗarikar Qadiriyya a]] [[Sufiyya|waccan]] kasar. <ref>[http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/114393/1/road-to-azare.html The Nigerian Voice: "ROAD TO AZARE" By Ajiroba Yemi Kotun] 23 May 2013</ref> <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411281799.html All Africa: "Nigeria: Updated - Kano Blasts Claim Over 60" By Ismail Mudashir] 28 November 2014</ref> A 2006, [[Sa'adu Abubakar]] ya zama Sarkin Musulmi. == Tarihi == Bayan wanzuwar zaman lafiya a Arewacin Najeriya, Turawan Burtaniya sun kafa Masarautar Arewacin Najeriya don mulkin yankin, wanda ya haɗa da mafi yawan masarautar Sakkwato da manyan masarautun ta. A ƙarƙashin gwamna janar Luggard, an ba manyan sarakunan ikon cin gashin kansu na gari, don haka suka ci gaba da kasancewa da yawa daga cikin kungiyar siyasa ta Khalifanci na Sakkwato. An kuma ɗauki yankin Sokoto a matsayin wata masarauta ce a cikin Kare-tsare na Najeriya. Saboda ba a taɓa haɗa shi da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ba, ya zama mara iyaka a fannin tattalin arziki da siyasa. Ana ci gaba da kallon Sultan na Sakkwato a matsayin muhimmin mai mallakar ruhi da addini; an ci gaba da gane layin nasaba da dan Fodio. Daya daga cikin manyan Sarakunan shi ne [[Siddiq Abubakar III]], wanda ya rike mukamin na tsawon shekaru 50, daga 1938 zuwa 1988. An san shi a matsayin mai tabbatar da karfi a siyasar Najeriya, musamman a shekarar 1966 bayan kisan [[Ahmadu Bello]], Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya. Bayan rasuwar Siddiq Abubakar a shekara ta 1988, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] tsoma baki a gadon mulkin, inda ya sanya sunan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], ɗaya daga cikin abokan kasuwancinsa a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi. Manyan sassan Arewacin Najeriya sun barke da mummunar zanga-zanga wacce ta shafi kamfanonin Dasuki. A shekarar 1996, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Sani Abacha|Sani Abacha ya]] tube shi, ya nada [[Muhammadu Maccido]], wanda ya yi mulki har ya mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama a 2006. == Gwamnati == {{Infobox}}{{royal house||surname=House of Usman dan Fodio|type=[[Nigerian]] [[royal dynasty]] [[File:Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg|thumb|The quasi-[[heraldic flag]] of Sokoto, symbol of the kings and emperors of the Caliphate]]|parent house=[[Torodbe]]|founded=19th century|founder=[[Usman dan Fodio]]|region=[[Northern Nigeria|North]]|current head=[[Sa'adu Abubakar]]|titles=* [[Sultan of Sokoto|Sultan]] of Sokoto <br> * [[Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri]] of Sokoto * [[Sardauna of Sokoto|Sardauna]] of Sokoto * Yarima of Sokoto * [[Hakim (title)|Hakimi]] of Sokoto * Magajiya of Sokoto|members=* [[Muhammed Bello]] <br> * [[Nana Asma'u]] *[[Ahmadu Bello]]|styles=''Ranka Dede'' <br>[[His Eminence|Eminence]] <br> [[Royal Highness]]|other_families=[[Sullubawa|Sullubawa of Kano and Katsina]] <br> [[Umar Tall|Tall of Segou]]|cadet branches=* Bello family (Sokoto) <br> * [[Gidado dan Laima|Gidado family]] (Sokoto) * Tall family ([[Senegambia]])|religion=[[Islam]] <br> [[Folk Islam]]|motto=NasrunminAllah ([[Arabic]] for "Victory is from God alone.")}} A ƙarƙashin tsare tsaren mulkin kai tsaye na Burtaniya, Sultan da sauran 'yan uwansa Sarakuna su ne kadai' Yan asalin Kasar, wadanda ke karkashin kulawar Mazauna Mulkin Mallaka. Hakimai (ko taken sarakuna) ya taimaki Sarkin Musulmi ko Sarki wajen gudanar da mulkin jiharsa. An riƙe wannan tsarin sosai a lokacin Jamhuriya ta Farko ta Nijeriya . A shekarar 1966, kifar da Gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ya haifar da sake tsare tsaren tarayyar Najeriya. Wannan sannu a hankali ya rage ikon mulkin mallakar Arewacin Najeriya da masarautun ta. == Kasuwanci == [[File:Sokoto_market_2006.jpg|right|thumb| Kasuwar Sakkwato]] Fiye da kashi tamanin (80%) na mazauna Sakkwato suna yin wani nau'in noma ko wani. Suna samar da irin amfanin gona kamar gero, kwarya, masara, shinkafa, dankali, rogo, gyada, albasa da wake don samun abinci da kuma samar da alkama, auduga da kayan lambu a tsabar kuɗi. Sana'o'in cikin gida kamar su aikin baƙi, saƙa, rini, sassaka da aikin fata suma suna da mahimmiyar rawa a rayuwar tattalin arzikin jama'ar Sakkwato; a sakamakon haka yankuna daban-daban kamar Makera, Marina, Takalmawa da Majema sun zama masu mahimmanci. Sakkwato kuma na daya daga cikin yankunan da ke samar da kifi a ƙasar. Don haka, mutane da yawa a gefen kogin suna yin kamun kifi. Sakkwato tana da albarkatun ƙasa da na ma'adanai. Masana'antun da ke hade da amfanin gona suna amfani da auduga, gyada, dawa, da danko, masara, da shinkafa, da alkama, da sikari, da rogo, da danko na larabci da taɓa domin ana iya samar da kayan masarufi a yankin Hakanan ana iya yin aikin noma mai yawa a cikin jihar ta hanyar amfani da ruwan ban ruwa daga Goronyo Dam, Lugu, Kalmalo, Wammako da Kwakuzo tabkuna, da sauransu. Ma'adanai kamar su kaolin, gypsum, limestone, laterite, red mills, phosphate duka rawaya da kore, laka mai laushi da yashi ana samunsu da yawa na kasuwanci. Masana'antu da ke amfani da waɗannan albarkatun za'a iya kafa su a cikin jihar. Masana'antar ciminti ta Sakkwato, wacce ke Wamakko, misali ce ta misali. Rashin tserar tse-tse a kan yankin makiyaya yana amfanar dabbobin gida da na gida. Sakkwato ita ce ta biyu a fannin kiwon dabbobi a cikin dabbobin ƙasar sama da miliyan takwas. Samuwar wannan ƙarfin tattalin arziki yana ba da kyakkyawar damar saka hannun jari, musamman a masana'antun da ke kawance da gona irin su injin garin fulawa, sarrafa tumatir, tace sukari, masaku, manne, tanning, kifin gwangwani, da sauransu. == Duba kuma == * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Sarakuna]] [[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]] [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ps12qokdd6f0v16bbzco0n6sivlr4w3 826794 826666 2026-04-26T20:40:32Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Kasuwanci */ 826794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Masarautar '''Sarkin Musulmi jihar''' gargajiya ce a Arewacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] mai hedkwata a cikin garin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]], babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sakkwato ta]] zamani. Wanda kuma ya shu gabace shi daga [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifanci na Sakkwato]], an kafa majalissar a shekarar 1903 bayan da Birtaniyya ta sasanta [[Daular Sokoto|khalifanci]] . [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmi]] yana matsayin babban jagoran addinin musulmai a Najeriya kuma babban Sheik na [[Ƙadiriya|ɗarikar Qadiriyya a]] [[Sufiyya|waccan]] kasar. <ref>[http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/114393/1/road-to-azare.html The Nigerian Voice: "ROAD TO AZARE" By Ajiroba Yemi Kotun] 23 May 2013</ref> <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411281799.html All Africa: "Nigeria: Updated - Kano Blasts Claim Over 60" By Ismail Mudashir] 28 November 2014</ref> A 2006, [[Sa'adu Abubakar]] ya zama Sarkin Musulmi. == Tarihi == Bayan wanzuwar zaman lafiya a Arewacin Najeriya, Turawan Burtaniya sun kafa Masarautar Arewacin Najeriya don mulkin yankin, wanda ya haɗa da mafi yawan masarautar Sakkwato da manyan masarautun ta. A ƙarƙashin gwamna janar Luggard, an ba manyan sarakunan ikon cin gashin kansu na gari, don haka suka ci gaba da kasancewa da yawa daga cikin kungiyar siyasa ta Khalifanci na Sakkwato. An kuma ɗauki yankin Sokoto a matsayin wata masarauta ce a cikin Kare-tsare na Najeriya. Saboda ba a taɓa haɗa shi da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ba, ya zama mara iyaka a fannin tattalin arziki da siyasa. Ana ci gaba da kallon Sultan na Sakkwato a matsayin muhimmin mai mallakar ruhi da addini; an ci gaba da gane layin nasaba da dan Fodio. Daya daga cikin manyan Sarakunan shi ne [[Siddiq Abubakar III]], wanda ya rike mukamin na tsawon shekaru 50, daga 1938 zuwa 1988. An san shi a matsayin mai tabbatar da karfi a siyasar Najeriya, musamman a shekarar 1966 bayan kisan [[Ahmadu Bello]], Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya. Bayan rasuwar Siddiq Abubakar a shekara ta 1988, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] tsoma baki a gadon mulkin, inda ya sanya sunan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], ɗaya daga cikin abokan kasuwancinsa a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi. Manyan sassan Arewacin Najeriya sun barke da mummunar zanga-zanga wacce ta shafi kamfanonin Dasuki. A shekarar 1996, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Sani Abacha|Sani Abacha ya]] tube shi, ya nada [[Muhammadu Maccido]], wanda ya yi mulki har ya mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama a 2006. == Gwamnati == {{Infobox}}{{royal house||surname=House of Usman dan Fodio|type=[[Nigerian]] [[royal dynasty]] [[File:Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg|thumb|The quasi-[[heraldic flag]] of Sokoto, symbol of the kings and emperors of the Caliphate]]|parent house=[[Torodbe]]|founded=19th century|founder=[[Usman dan Fodio]]|region=[[Northern Nigeria|North]]|current head=[[Sa'adu Abubakar]]|titles=* [[Sultan of Sokoto|Sultan]] of Sokoto <br> * [[Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri]] of Sokoto * [[Sardauna of Sokoto|Sardauna]] of Sokoto * Yarima of Sokoto * [[Hakim (title)|Hakimi]] of Sokoto * Magajiya of Sokoto|members=* [[Muhammed Bello]] <br> * [[Nana Asma'u]] *[[Ahmadu Bello]]|styles=''Ranka Dede'' <br>[[His Eminence|Eminence]] <br> [[Royal Highness]]|other_families=[[Sullubawa|Sullubawa of Kano and Katsina]] <br> [[Umar Tall|Tall of Segou]]|cadet branches=* Bello family (Sokoto) <br> * [[Gidado dan Laima|Gidado family]] (Sokoto) * Tall family ([[Senegambia]])|religion=[[Islam]] <br> [[Folk Islam]]|motto=NasrunminAllah ([[Arabic]] for "Victory is from God alone.")}} A ƙarƙashin tsare tsaren mulkin kai tsaye na Burtaniya, Sultan da sauran 'yan uwansa Sarakuna su ne kadai' Yan asalin Kasar, wadanda ke karkashin kulawar Mazauna Mulkin Mallaka. Hakimai (ko taken sarakuna) ya taimaki Sarkin Musulmi ko Sarki wajen gudanar da mulkin jiharsa. An riƙe wannan tsarin sosai a lokacin Jamhuriya ta Farko ta Nijeriya . A shekarar 1966, kifar da Gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ya haifar da sake tsare tsaren tarayyar Najeriya. Wannan sannu a hankali ya rage ikon mulkin mallakar Arewacin Najeriya da masarautun ta. == Kasuwanci == [[File:Sokoto_market_2006.jpg|right|thumb| Kasuwar Sakkwato]] Fiye da kashi tamanin (80%) na mazauna Sakkwato suna yin wani nau'in noma ko wani. Suna samar da irin amfanin gona kamar gero, kwarya, masara, shinkafa, dankali, rogo, gyada, albasa da wake don samun abinci da kuma samar da alkama, auduga da kayan lambu a tsabar kuɗi. Sana'o'in cikin gida kamar su aikin baƙi, saƙa, rini, sassaka da aikin fata suma suna da mahimmiyar rawa a rayuwar tattalin arzikin jama'ar Sakkwato; a sakamakon haka yankuna daban-daban kamar Makera, Marina, Takalmawa da Majema sun zama masu mahimmanci. Sakkwato kuma na daya daga cikin yankunan da ke samar da kifi a ƙasar. Don haka, mutane da yawa a gefen kogin suna yin kamun kifi. Sakkwato tana da albarkatun ƙasa da na ma'adanai. Masana'antun da ke hade da amfanin gona suna amfani da auduga, gyada, dawa, da danko, masara, da shinkafa, da alkama, da sikari, da rogo, da danko na larabci da taɓa domin ana iya samar da kayan masarufi a yankin Hakanan ana iya yin aikin noma mai yawa a cikin jihar ta hanyar amfani da ruwan ban ruwa daga Goronyo Dam, Lugu, Kalmalo, Wammako da Kwakuzo tabkuna, da sauransu. Ma'adanai kamar su kaolin, gypsum, limestone, laterite, red mills, phosphate duka rawaya da kore, laka mai laushi da yashi ana samunsu da yawa na kasuwanci. Masana'antu da ke amfani da waɗannan albarkatun za'a iya kafa su a cikin jihar. Masana'antar ciminti ta Sakkwato, wacce ke Wamako, misali ce ta misali. Rashin tserar tse-tse a kan yankin makiyaya yana amfanar dabbobin gida da na gida. Sakkwato ita ce ta biyu a fannin kiwon dabbobi a cikin dabbobin ƙasar sama da miliyan takwas. Samuwar wannan ƙarfin tattalin arziki yana ba da kyakkyawar damar saka hannun jari, musamman a masana'antun da ke kawance da gona irin su injin garin fulawa, sarrafa tumatir, tace sukari, masaku, manne, tanning, kifin gwangwani, da sauransu. == Duba kuma == * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Sarakuna]] [[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]] [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dsyu9l40bm4olv0bb8e2f60xdh5art1 826798 826794 2026-04-26T21:09:54Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Kasuwanci */ 826798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Masarautar '''Sarkin Musulmi jihar''' gargajiya ce a Arewacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] mai hedkwata a cikin garin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]], babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sakkwato ta]] zamani. Wanda kuma ya shu gabace shi daga [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifanci na Sakkwato]], an kafa majalissar a shekarar 1903 bayan da Birtaniyya ta sasanta [[Daular Sokoto|khalifanci]] . [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmi]] yana matsayin babban jagoran addinin musulmai a Najeriya kuma babban Sheik na [[Ƙadiriya|ɗarikar Qadiriyya a]] [[Sufiyya|waccan]] kasar. <ref>[http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/114393/1/road-to-azare.html The Nigerian Voice: "ROAD TO AZARE" By Ajiroba Yemi Kotun] 23 May 2013</ref> <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411281799.html All Africa: "Nigeria: Updated - Kano Blasts Claim Over 60" By Ismail Mudashir] 28 November 2014</ref> A 2006, [[Sa'adu Abubakar]] ya zama Sarkin Musulmi. == Tarihi == Bayan wanzuwar zaman lafiya a Arewacin Najeriya, Turawan Burtaniya sun kafa Masarautar Arewacin Najeriya don mulkin yankin, wanda ya haɗa da mafi yawan masarautar Sakkwato da manyan masarautun ta. A ƙarƙashin gwamna janar Luggard, an ba manyan sarakunan ikon cin gashin kansu na gari, don haka suka ci gaba da kasancewa da yawa daga cikin kungiyar siyasa ta Khalifanci na Sakkwato. An kuma ɗauki yankin Sokoto a matsayin wata masarauta ce a cikin Kare-tsare na Najeriya. Saboda ba a taɓa haɗa shi da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ba, ya zama mara iyaka a fannin tattalin arziki da siyasa. Ana ci gaba da kallon Sultan na Sakkwato a matsayin muhimmin mai mallakar ruhi da addini; an ci gaba da gane layin nasaba da dan Fodio. Daya daga cikin manyan Sarakunan shi ne [[Siddiq Abubakar III]], wanda ya rike mukamin na tsawon shekaru 50, daga 1938 zuwa 1988. An san shi a matsayin mai tabbatar da karfi a siyasar Najeriya, musamman a shekarar 1966 bayan kisan [[Ahmadu Bello]], Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya. Bayan rasuwar Siddiq Abubakar a shekara ta 1988, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] tsoma baki a gadon mulkin, inda ya sanya sunan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], ɗaya daga cikin abokan kasuwancinsa a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi. Manyan sassan Arewacin Najeriya sun barke da mummunar zanga-zanga wacce ta shafi kamfanonin Dasuki. A shekarar 1996, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Sani Abacha|Sani Abacha ya]] tube shi, ya nada [[Muhammadu Maccido]], wanda ya yi mulki har ya mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama a 2006. == Gwamnati == {{Infobox}}{{royal house||surname=House of Usman dan Fodio|type=[[Nigerian]] [[royal dynasty]] [[File:Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg|thumb|The quasi-[[heraldic flag]] of Sokoto, symbol of the kings and emperors of the Caliphate]]|parent house=[[Torodbe]]|founded=19th century|founder=[[Usman dan Fodio]]|region=[[Northern Nigeria|North]]|current head=[[Sa'adu Abubakar]]|titles=* [[Sultan of Sokoto|Sultan]] of Sokoto <br> * [[Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri]] of Sokoto * [[Sardauna of Sokoto|Sardauna]] of Sokoto * Yarima of Sokoto * [[Hakim (title)|Hakimi]] of Sokoto * Magajiya of Sokoto|members=* [[Muhammed Bello]] <br> * [[Nana Asma'u]] *[[Ahmadu Bello]]|styles=''Ranka Dede'' <br>[[His Eminence|Eminence]] <br> [[Royal Highness]]|other_families=[[Sullubawa|Sullubawa of Kano and Katsina]] <br> [[Umar Tall|Tall of Segou]]|cadet branches=* Bello family (Sokoto) <br> * [[Gidado dan Laima|Gidado family]] (Sokoto) * Tall family ([[Senegambia]])|religion=[[Islam]] <br> [[Folk Islam]]|motto=NasrunminAllah ([[Arabic]] for "Victory is from God alone.")}} A ƙarƙashin tsare tsaren mulkin kai tsaye na Burtaniya, Sultan da sauran 'yan uwansa Sarakuna su ne kadai' Yan asalin Kasar, wadanda ke karkashin kulawar Mazauna Mulkin Mallaka. Hakimai (ko taken sarakuna) ya taimaki Sarkin Musulmi ko Sarki wajen gudanar da mulkin jiharsa. An riƙe wannan tsarin sosai a lokacin Jamhuriya ta Farko ta Nijeriya . A shekarar 1966, kifar da Gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ya haifar da sake tsare tsaren tarayyar Najeriya. Wannan sannu a hankali ya rage ikon mulkin mallakar Arewacin Najeriya da masarautun ta. == Kasuwanci == [[File:Sokoto_market_2006.jpg|right|thumb| Kasuwar Sakkwato]] Fiye da kashi tamanin (80%) na mazauna Sakkwato suna yin wani nau'in noma ko wani. Suna samar da irin amfanin gona kamar gero, kwarya, masara, shinkafa, dankali, rogo, gyada, albasa da wake don samun abinci da kuma samar da alkama, auduga da kayan lambu a tsabar kuɗi. Sana'o'in cikin gida kamar su aikin baƙi, saƙa, rini, sassaka da aikin fata suma suna da mahimmiyar rawa a rayuwar tattalin arzikin jama'ar Sakkwato; a sakamakon haka yankuna daban-daban kamar Makera, Marina, Takalmawa da Majema sun zama masu mahimmanci. Sakkwato kuma na daya daga cikin yankunan da ke samar da kifi a ƙasar. Don haka, mutane da yawa a gefen kogin suna yin kamun kifi. Sakkwato tana da albarkatun ƙasa da na ma'adanai. Masana'antun da ke hade da amfanin gona suna amfani da auduga, gyada, dawa, da danko, masara, da shinkafa, da alkama, da sikari, da rogo, da danko na larabci da taɓa domin ana iya samar da kayan masarufi a yankin Hakanan ana iya yin aikin noma mai yawa a cikin jihar ta hanyar amfani da ruwan ban ruwa daga Goronyo Dam, Lugu, Kalmalo, Wammako da Kwakuzo tabkuna, da sauransu. Ma'adanai kamar su kaolin, gypsum, limestone, laterite, red mills, phosphate duka rawaya da kore, laka mai laushi da yashi ana samunsu da yawa na kasuwanci. Masana'antu da ke amfani da waɗannan albarkatun za'a iya kafa su a cikin jihar. Masana'antar ciminti ta Sakkwato, wacce ke Wamako, misali ce ta misali. Rashin tserar tse-tse a kan yankin makiyaya yana amfanar dabbobin gida da na waje. Sakkwato ita ce ta biyu a fannin kiwon dabbobi a cikin dabbobin ƙasar sama da miliyan takwas. Samuwar wannan ƙarfin tattalin arziki yana ba da kyakkyawar damar saka hannun jari, musamman a masana'antun da ke kawance da gona irin su injin garin fulawa, sarrafa tumatir, tace sukari, masaku, manne, tanning, kifin gwangwani, da sauransu. == Duba kuma == * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Sarakuna]] [[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]] [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] lqvd4gh89cgqz4m5wpuc2qbtvq4dql0 826976 826798 2026-04-27T10:46:32Z Mahuta 11340 826976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Masarautar '''Sarkin Musulmi jihar''' gargajiya ce a Arewacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] mai hedkwata a cikin garin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]], babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sakkwato ta]] zamani. Wanda kuma ya shu gabace shi daga [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifanci na Sakkwato]], an kafa majalissar a shekarar 1903 bayan da [[Burtaniyya]] ta sasanta [[Daular Sokoto|khalifanci]] . [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmi]] yana matsayin babban jagoran addinin musulmai a Najeriya kuma babban Sheik na [[Ƙadiriya|ɗarikar Qadiriyya a]] [[Sufiyya|waccan]] kasar. <ref>[http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/114393/1/road-to-azare.html The Nigerian Voice: "ROAD TO AZARE" By Ajiroba Yemi Kotun] 23 May 2013</ref> <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411281799.html All Africa: "Nigeria: Updated - Kano Blasts Claim Over 60" By Ismail Mudashir] 28 November 2014</ref> A 2006, [[Sa'adu Abubakar]] ya zama Sarkin Musulmi. == Tarihi == Bayan wanzuwar zaman lafiya a Arewacin Najeriya, Turawan Burtaniya sun kafa Masarautar Arewacin Najeriya don mulkin yankin, wanda ya haɗa da mafi yawan masarautar Sakkwato da manyan masarautun ta. A ƙarƙashin gwamna janar Luggard, an ba manyan sarakunan ikon cin gashin kansu na gari, don haka suka ci gaba da kasancewa da yawa daga cikin kungiyar siyasa ta Khalifanci na Sakkwato. An kuma ɗauki yankin Sokoto a matsayin wata masarauta ce a cikin Kare-tsare na Najeriya. Saboda ba a taɓa haɗa shi da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ba, ya zama mara iyaka a fannin tattalin arziki da siyasa. Ana ci gaba da kallon Sultan na Sakkwato a matsayin muhimmin mai mallakar ruhi da addini; an ci gaba da gane layin nasaba da dan Fodio. Daya daga cikin manyan Sarakunan shi ne [[Siddiq Abubakar III]], wanda ya rike mukamin na tsawon shekaru 50, daga 1938 zuwa 1988. An san shi a matsayin mai tabbatar da karfi a siyasar Najeriya, musamman a shekarar 1966 bayan kisan [[Ahmadu Bello]], Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya. Bayan rasuwar Siddiq Abubakar a shekara ta 1988, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] tsoma baki a gadon mulkin, inda ya sanya sunan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], ɗaya daga cikin abokan kasuwancinsa a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi. Manyan sassan Arewacin Najeriya sun barke da mummunar zanga-zanga wacce ta shafi kamfanonin Dasuki. A shekarar 1996, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Sani Abacha|Sani Abacha ya]] tube shi, ya nada [[Muhammadu Maccido]], wanda ya yi mulki har ya mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama a 2006. == Gwamnati == {{Infobox}}{{royal house||surname=House of Usman dan Fodio|type=[[Nigerian]] [[royal dynasty]] [[File:Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg|thumb|The quasi-[[heraldic flag]] of Sokoto, symbol of the kings and emperors of the Caliphate]]|parent house=[[Torodbe]]|founded=19th century|founder=[[Usman dan Fodio]]|region=[[Northern Nigeria|North]]|current head=[[Sa'adu Abubakar]]|titles=* [[Sultan of Sokoto|Sultan]] of Sokoto <br> * [[Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri]] of Sokoto * [[Sardauna of Sokoto|Sardauna]] of Sokoto * Yarima of Sokoto * [[Hakim (title)|Hakimi]] of Sokoto * Magajiya of Sokoto|members=* [[Muhammed Bello]] <br> * [[Nana Asma'u]] *[[Ahmadu Bello]]|styles=''Ranka Dede'' <br>[[His Eminence|Eminence]] <br> [[Royal Highness]]|other_families=[[Sullubawa|Sullubawa of Kano and Katsina]] <br> [[Umar Tall|Tall of Segou]]|cadet branches=* Bello family (Sokoto) <br> * [[Gidado dan Laima|Gidado family]] (Sokoto) * Tall family ([[Senegambia]])|religion=[[Islam]] <br> [[Folk Islam]]|motto=NasrunminAllah ([[Arabic]] for "Victory is from God alone.")}} A ƙarƙashin tsare tsaren mulkin kai tsaye na Burtaniya, Sultan da sauran 'yan uwansa Sarakuna su ne kadai' Yan asalin Kasar, wadanda ke karkashin kulawar Mazauna Mulkin Mallaka. Hakimai (ko taken sarakuna) ya taimaki Sarkin Musulmi ko Sarki wajen gudanar da mulkin jiharsa. An riƙe wannan tsarin sosai a lokacin Jamhuriya ta Farko ta Nijeriya . A shekarar 1966, kifar da Gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ya haifar da sake tsare tsaren tarayyar Najeriya. Wannan sannu a hankali ya rage ikon mulkin mallakar Arewacin Najeriya da masarautun ta. == Kasuwanci == [[File:Sokoto_market_2006.jpg|right|thumb| Kasuwar Sakkwato]] Fiye da kashi tamanin (80%) na mazauna Sakkwato suna yin wani nau'in noma ko wani. Suna samar da irin amfanin gona kamar gero, kwarya, masara, shinkafa, dankali, rogo, gyada, albasa da wake don samun abinci da kuma samar da alkama, auduga da kayan lambu a tsabar kuɗi. Sana'o'in cikin gida kamar su aikin baƙi, saƙa, rini, sassaka da aikin fata suma suna da mahimmiyar rawa a rayuwar tattalin arzikin jama'ar Sakkwato; a sakamakon haka yankuna daban-daban kamar Makera, Marina, Takalmawa da Majema sun zama masu mahimmanci. Sakkwato kuma na daya daga cikin yankunan da ke samar da kifi a ƙasar. Don haka, mutane da yawa a gefen kogin suna yin kamun kifi. Sakkwato tana da albarkatun ƙasa da na ma'adanai. Masana'antun da ke hade da amfanin gona suna amfani da auduga, gyada, dawa, da danko, masara, da shinkafa, da alkama, da sikari, da rogo, da danko na larabci da taɓa domin ana iya samar da kayan masarufi a yankin Hakanan ana iya yin aikin noma mai yawa a cikin jihar ta hanyar amfani da ruwan ban ruwa daga Goronyo Dam, Lugu, Kalmalo, Wammako da Kwakuzo tabkuna, da sauransu. Ma'adanai kamar su kaolin, gypsum, limestone, laterite, red mills, phosphate duka rawaya da kore, laka mai laushi da yashi ana samunsu da yawa na kasuwanci. Masana'antu da ke amfani da waɗannan albarkatun za'a iya kafa su a cikin jihar. Masana'antar ciminti ta Sakkwato, wacce ke Wamako, misali ce ta misali. Rashin tserar tse-tse a kan yankin makiyaya yana amfanar dabbobin gida da na waje. Sakkwato ita ce ta biyu a fannin kiwon dabbobi a cikin dabbobin ƙasar sama da miliyan takwas. Samuwar wannan ƙarfin tattalin arziki yana ba da kyakkyawar damar saka hannun jari, musamman a masana'antun da ke kawance da gona irin su injin garin fulawa, sarrafa tumatir, tace sukari, masaku, manne, tanning, kifin gwangwani, da sauransu. == Duba kuma == * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Sarakuna]] [[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]] [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 07rmytovm60f1pz8kt4rpq1g9jvqg4r 826977 826976 2026-04-27T10:46:49Z Mahuta 11340 826977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Masarautar '''Sarkin Musulmi jihar''' gargajiya ce a Arewacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] mai hedkwata a cikin garin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]], babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sakkwato ta]] zamani. Wanda kuma ya shu gabace shi daga [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifanci na Sakkwato]], an kafa majalissar a shekarar 1903 bayan da [[Burtaniya]] ta sasanta [[Daular Sokoto|khalifanci]] . [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmi]] yana matsayin babban jagoran addinin musulmai a Najeriya kuma babban Sheik na [[Ƙadiriya|ɗarikar Qadiriyya a]] [[Sufiyya|waccan]] kasar. <ref>[http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/114393/1/road-to-azare.html The Nigerian Voice: "ROAD TO AZARE" By Ajiroba Yemi Kotun] 23 May 2013</ref> <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411281799.html All Africa: "Nigeria: Updated - Kano Blasts Claim Over 60" By Ismail Mudashir] 28 November 2014</ref> A 2006, [[Sa'adu Abubakar]] ya zama Sarkin Musulmi. == Tarihi == Bayan wanzuwar zaman lafiya a Arewacin Najeriya, Turawan Burtaniya sun kafa Masarautar Arewacin Najeriya don mulkin yankin, wanda ya haɗa da mafi yawan masarautar Sakkwato da manyan masarautun ta. A ƙarƙashin gwamna janar Luggard, an ba manyan sarakunan ikon cin gashin kansu na gari, don haka suka ci gaba da kasancewa da yawa daga cikin kungiyar siyasa ta Khalifanci na Sakkwato. An kuma ɗauki yankin Sokoto a matsayin wata masarauta ce a cikin Kare-tsare na Najeriya. Saboda ba a taɓa haɗa shi da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ba, ya zama mara iyaka a fannin tattalin arziki da siyasa. Ana ci gaba da kallon Sultan na Sakkwato a matsayin muhimmin mai mallakar ruhi da addini; an ci gaba da gane layin nasaba da dan Fodio. Daya daga cikin manyan Sarakunan shi ne [[Siddiq Abubakar III]], wanda ya rike mukamin na tsawon shekaru 50, daga 1938 zuwa 1988. An san shi a matsayin mai tabbatar da karfi a siyasar Najeriya, musamman a shekarar 1966 bayan kisan [[Ahmadu Bello]], Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya. Bayan rasuwar Siddiq Abubakar a shekara ta 1988, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] tsoma baki a gadon mulkin, inda ya sanya sunan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], ɗaya daga cikin abokan kasuwancinsa a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi. Manyan sassan Arewacin Najeriya sun barke da mummunar zanga-zanga wacce ta shafi kamfanonin Dasuki. A shekarar 1996, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Sani Abacha|Sani Abacha ya]] tube shi, ya nada [[Muhammadu Maccido]], wanda ya yi mulki har ya mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama a 2006. == Gwamnati == {{Infobox}}{{royal house||surname=House of Usman dan Fodio|type=[[Nigerian]] [[royal dynasty]] [[File:Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg|thumb|The quasi-[[heraldic flag]] of Sokoto, symbol of the kings and emperors of the Caliphate]]|parent house=[[Torodbe]]|founded=19th century|founder=[[Usman dan Fodio]]|region=[[Northern Nigeria|North]]|current head=[[Sa'adu Abubakar]]|titles=* [[Sultan of Sokoto|Sultan]] of Sokoto <br> * [[Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri]] of Sokoto * [[Sardauna of Sokoto|Sardauna]] of Sokoto * Yarima of Sokoto * [[Hakim (title)|Hakimi]] of Sokoto * Magajiya of Sokoto|members=* [[Muhammed Bello]] <br> * [[Nana Asma'u]] *[[Ahmadu Bello]]|styles=''Ranka Dede'' <br>[[His Eminence|Eminence]] <br> [[Royal Highness]]|other_families=[[Sullubawa|Sullubawa of Kano and Katsina]] <br> [[Umar Tall|Tall of Segou]]|cadet branches=* Bello family (Sokoto) <br> * [[Gidado dan Laima|Gidado family]] (Sokoto) * Tall family ([[Senegambia]])|religion=[[Islam]] <br> [[Folk Islam]]|motto=NasrunminAllah ([[Arabic]] for "Victory is from God alone.")}} A ƙarƙashin tsare tsaren mulkin kai tsaye na Burtaniya, Sultan da sauran 'yan uwansa Sarakuna su ne kadai' Yan asalin Kasar, wadanda ke karkashin kulawar Mazauna Mulkin Mallaka. Hakimai (ko taken sarakuna) ya taimaki Sarkin Musulmi ko Sarki wajen gudanar da mulkin jiharsa. An riƙe wannan tsarin sosai a lokacin Jamhuriya ta Farko ta Nijeriya . A shekarar 1966, kifar da Gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ya haifar da sake tsare tsaren tarayyar Najeriya. Wannan sannu a hankali ya rage ikon mulkin mallakar Arewacin Najeriya da masarautun ta. == Kasuwanci == [[File:Sokoto_market_2006.jpg|right|thumb| Kasuwar Sakkwato]] Fiye da kashi tamanin (80%) na mazauna Sakkwato suna yin wani nau'in noma ko wani. Suna samar da irin amfanin gona kamar gero, kwarya, masara, shinkafa, dankali, rogo, gyada, albasa da wake don samun abinci da kuma samar da alkama, auduga da kayan lambu a tsabar kuɗi. Sana'o'in cikin gida kamar su aikin baƙi, saƙa, rini, sassaka da aikin fata suma suna da mahimmiyar rawa a rayuwar tattalin arzikin jama'ar Sakkwato; a sakamakon haka yankuna daban-daban kamar Makera, Marina, Takalmawa da Majema sun zama masu mahimmanci. Sakkwato kuma na daya daga cikin yankunan da ke samar da kifi a ƙasar. Don haka, mutane da yawa a gefen kogin suna yin kamun kifi. Sakkwato tana da albarkatun ƙasa da na ma'adanai. Masana'antun da ke hade da amfanin gona suna amfani da auduga, gyada, dawa, da danko, masara, da shinkafa, da alkama, da sikari, da rogo, da danko na larabci da taɓa domin ana iya samar da kayan masarufi a yankin Hakanan ana iya yin aikin noma mai yawa a cikin jihar ta hanyar amfani da ruwan ban ruwa daga Goronyo Dam, Lugu, Kalmalo, Wammako da Kwakuzo tabkuna, da sauransu. Ma'adanai kamar su kaolin, gypsum, limestone, laterite, red mills, phosphate duka rawaya da kore, laka mai laushi da yashi ana samunsu da yawa na kasuwanci. Masana'antu da ke amfani da waɗannan albarkatun za'a iya kafa su a cikin jihar. Masana'antar ciminti ta Sakkwato, wacce ke Wamako, misali ce ta misali. Rashin tserar tse-tse a kan yankin makiyaya yana amfanar dabbobin gida da na waje. Sakkwato ita ce ta biyu a fannin kiwon dabbobi a cikin dabbobin ƙasar sama da miliyan takwas. Samuwar wannan ƙarfin tattalin arziki yana ba da kyakkyawar damar saka hannun jari, musamman a masana'antun da ke kawance da gona irin su injin garin fulawa, sarrafa tumatir, tace sukari, masaku, manne, tanning, kifin gwangwani, da sauransu. == Duba kuma == * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Sarakuna]] [[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]] [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dr9tbop47wpngmv29oqln9dxto2kbva 826978 826977 2026-04-27T10:47:29Z Mahuta 11340 826978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Masarautar '''Sarkin Musulmi jihar''' gargajiya ce a Arewacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] mai hedkwata a cikin garin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]], babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sakkwato ta]] zamani. Wanda kuma ya shu gabace shi daga [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifanci na Sakkwato]], an kafa majalissar a shekarar 1903 bayan da [[Burtaniya]] ta sasanta [[Daular Sokoto|khalifanci]] . [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmi]] yana matsayin babban jagoran addinin musulmai a Najeriya kuma babban Sheik na [[Ƙadiriya|ɗarikar Qadiriyya]] a [[Sufiyya|waccan]] ƙasar. <ref>[http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/114393/1/road-to-azare.html The Nigerian Voice: "ROAD TO AZARE" By Ajiroba Yemi Kotun] 23 May 2013</ref> <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411281799.html All Africa: "Nigeria: Updated - Kano Blasts Claim Over 60" By Ismail Mudashir] 28 November 2014</ref> A 2006, [[Sa'adu Abubakar]] ya zama Sarkin Musulmi. == Tarihi == Bayan wanzuwar zaman lafiya a Arewacin Najeriya, Turawan Burtaniya sun kafa Masarautar Arewacin Najeriya don mulkin yankin, wanda ya haɗa da mafi yawan masarautar Sakkwato da manyan masarautun ta. A ƙarƙashin gwamna janar Luggard, an ba manyan sarakunan ikon cin gashin kansu na gari, don haka suka ci gaba da kasancewa da yawa daga cikin kungiyar siyasa ta Khalifanci na Sakkwato. An kuma ɗauki yankin Sokoto a matsayin wata masarauta ce a cikin Kare-tsare na Najeriya. Saboda ba a taɓa haɗa shi da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ba, ya zama mara iyaka a fannin tattalin arziki da siyasa. Ana ci gaba da kallon Sultan na Sakkwato a matsayin muhimmin mai mallakar ruhi da addini; an ci gaba da gane layin nasaba da dan Fodio. Daya daga cikin manyan Sarakunan shi ne [[Siddiq Abubakar III]], wanda ya rike mukamin na tsawon shekaru 50, daga 1938 zuwa 1988. An san shi a matsayin mai tabbatar da karfi a siyasar Najeriya, musamman a shekarar 1966 bayan kisan [[Ahmadu Bello]], Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya. Bayan rasuwar Siddiq Abubakar a shekara ta 1988, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] tsoma baki a gadon mulkin, inda ya sanya sunan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], ɗaya daga cikin abokan kasuwancinsa a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi. Manyan sassan Arewacin Najeriya sun barke da mummunar zanga-zanga wacce ta shafi kamfanonin Dasuki. A shekarar 1996, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Sani Abacha|Sani Abacha ya]] tube shi, ya nada [[Muhammadu Maccido]], wanda ya yi mulki har ya mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama a 2006. == Gwamnati == {{Infobox}}{{royal house||surname=House of Usman dan Fodio|type=[[Nigerian]] [[royal dynasty]] [[File:Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg|thumb|The quasi-[[heraldic flag]] of Sokoto, symbol of the kings and emperors of the Caliphate]]|parent house=[[Torodbe]]|founded=19th century|founder=[[Usman dan Fodio]]|region=[[Northern Nigeria|North]]|current head=[[Sa'adu Abubakar]]|titles=* [[Sultan of Sokoto|Sultan]] of Sokoto <br> * [[Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri]] of Sokoto * [[Sardauna of Sokoto|Sardauna]] of Sokoto * Yarima of Sokoto * [[Hakim (title)|Hakimi]] of Sokoto * Magajiya of Sokoto|members=* [[Muhammed Bello]] <br> * [[Nana Asma'u]] *[[Ahmadu Bello]]|styles=''Ranka Dede'' <br>[[His Eminence|Eminence]] <br> [[Royal Highness]]|other_families=[[Sullubawa|Sullubawa of Kano and Katsina]] <br> [[Umar Tall|Tall of Segou]]|cadet branches=* Bello family (Sokoto) <br> * [[Gidado dan Laima|Gidado family]] (Sokoto) * Tall family ([[Senegambia]])|religion=[[Islam]] <br> [[Folk Islam]]|motto=NasrunminAllah ([[Arabic]] for "Victory is from God alone.")}} A ƙarƙashin tsare tsaren mulkin kai tsaye na Burtaniya, Sultan da sauran 'yan uwansa Sarakuna su ne kadai' Yan asalin Kasar, wadanda ke karkashin kulawar Mazauna Mulkin Mallaka. Hakimai (ko taken sarakuna) ya taimaki Sarkin Musulmi ko Sarki wajen gudanar da mulkin jiharsa. An riƙe wannan tsarin sosai a lokacin Jamhuriya ta Farko ta Nijeriya . A shekarar 1966, kifar da Gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ya haifar da sake tsare tsaren tarayyar Najeriya. Wannan sannu a hankali ya rage ikon mulkin mallakar Arewacin Najeriya da masarautun ta. == Kasuwanci == [[File:Sokoto_market_2006.jpg|right|thumb| Kasuwar Sakkwato]] Fiye da kashi tamanin (80%) na mazauna Sakkwato suna yin wani nau'in noma ko wani. Suna samar da irin amfanin gona kamar gero, kwarya, masara, shinkafa, dankali, rogo, gyada, albasa da wake don samun abinci da kuma samar da alkama, auduga da kayan lambu a tsabar kuɗi. Sana'o'in cikin gida kamar su aikin baƙi, saƙa, rini, sassaka da aikin fata suma suna da mahimmiyar rawa a rayuwar tattalin arzikin jama'ar Sakkwato; a sakamakon haka yankuna daban-daban kamar Makera, Marina, Takalmawa da Majema sun zama masu mahimmanci. Sakkwato kuma na daya daga cikin yankunan da ke samar da kifi a ƙasar. Don haka, mutane da yawa a gefen kogin suna yin kamun kifi. Sakkwato tana da albarkatun ƙasa da na ma'adanai. Masana'antun da ke hade da amfanin gona suna amfani da auduga, gyada, dawa, da danko, masara, da shinkafa, da alkama, da sikari, da rogo, da danko na larabci da taɓa domin ana iya samar da kayan masarufi a yankin Hakanan ana iya yin aikin noma mai yawa a cikin jihar ta hanyar amfani da ruwan ban ruwa daga Goronyo Dam, Lugu, Kalmalo, Wammako da Kwakuzo tabkuna, da sauransu. Ma'adanai kamar su kaolin, gypsum, limestone, laterite, red mills, phosphate duka rawaya da kore, laka mai laushi da yashi ana samunsu da yawa na kasuwanci. Masana'antu da ke amfani da waɗannan albarkatun za'a iya kafa su a cikin jihar. Masana'antar ciminti ta Sakkwato, wacce ke Wamako, misali ce ta misali. Rashin tserar tse-tse a kan yankin makiyaya yana amfanar dabbobin gida da na waje. Sakkwato ita ce ta biyu a fannin kiwon dabbobi a cikin dabbobin ƙasar sama da miliyan takwas. Samuwar wannan ƙarfin tattalin arziki yana ba da kyakkyawar damar saka hannun jari, musamman a masana'antun da ke kawance da gona irin su injin garin fulawa, sarrafa tumatir, tace sukari, masaku, manne, tanning, kifin gwangwani, da sauransu. == Duba kuma == * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Sarakuna]] [[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]] [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qsaayz7zhm8wild81qko28o4pogdln5 826980 826978 2026-04-27T10:48:07Z Mahuta 11340 826980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Masarautar '''Sarkin Musulmi jihar''' gargajiya ce a Arewacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] mai hedkwata a cikin garin [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]], babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sakkwato ta]] zamani. Wanda kuma ya shu gabace shi daga [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifanci na Sakkwato]], an kafa majalissar a shekarar 1903 bayan da [[Burtaniya]] ta sasanta [[Daular Sokoto|khalifanci]] . [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmi]] yana matsayin babban jagoran addinin musulmai a Najeriya kuma babban Sheik na [[Qadiriya|ɗarikar Qadiriyya]] a [[Sufiyya|waccan]] ƙasar. <ref>[http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/114393/1/road-to-azare.html The Nigerian Voice: "ROAD TO AZARE" By Ajiroba Yemi Kotun] 23 May 2013</ref> <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411281799.html All Africa: "Nigeria: Updated - Kano Blasts Claim Over 60" By Ismail Mudashir] 28 November 2014</ref> A 2006, [[Sa'adu Abubakar]] ya zama Sarkin Musulmi. == Tarihi == Bayan wanzuwar zaman lafiya a Arewacin Najeriya, Turawan Burtaniya sun kafa Masarautar Arewacin Najeriya don mulkin yankin, wanda ya haɗa da mafi yawan masarautar Sakkwato da manyan masarautun ta. A ƙarƙashin gwamna janar Luggard, an ba manyan sarakunan ikon cin gashin kansu na gari, don haka suka ci gaba da kasancewa da yawa daga cikin kungiyar siyasa ta Khalifanci na Sakkwato. An kuma ɗauki yankin Sokoto a matsayin wata masarauta ce a cikin Kare-tsare na Najeriya. Saboda ba a taɓa haɗa shi da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ba, ya zama mara iyaka a fannin tattalin arziki da siyasa. Ana ci gaba da kallon Sultan na Sakkwato a matsayin muhimmin mai mallakar ruhi da addini; an ci gaba da gane layin nasaba da dan Fodio. Daya daga cikin manyan Sarakunan shi ne [[Siddiq Abubakar III]], wanda ya rike mukamin na tsawon shekaru 50, daga 1938 zuwa 1988. An san shi a matsayin mai tabbatar da karfi a siyasar Najeriya, musamman a shekarar 1966 bayan kisan [[Ahmadu Bello]], Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya. Bayan rasuwar Siddiq Abubakar a shekara ta 1988, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] tsoma baki a gadon mulkin, inda ya sanya sunan [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], ɗaya daga cikin abokan kasuwancinsa a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi. Manyan sassan Arewacin Najeriya sun barke da mummunar zanga-zanga wacce ta shafi kamfanonin Dasuki. A shekarar 1996, mai mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya [[Sani Abacha|Sani Abacha ya]] tube shi, ya nada [[Muhammadu Maccido]], wanda ya yi mulki har ya mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama a 2006. == Gwamnati == {{Infobox}}{{royal house||surname=House of Usman dan Fodio|type=[[Nigerian]] [[royal dynasty]] [[File:Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg|thumb|The quasi-[[heraldic flag]] of Sokoto, symbol of the kings and emperors of the Caliphate]]|parent house=[[Torodbe]]|founded=19th century|founder=[[Usman dan Fodio]]|region=[[Northern Nigeria|North]]|current head=[[Sa'adu Abubakar]]|titles=* [[Sultan of Sokoto|Sultan]] of Sokoto <br> * [[Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri]] of Sokoto * [[Sardauna of Sokoto|Sardauna]] of Sokoto * Yarima of Sokoto * [[Hakim (title)|Hakimi]] of Sokoto * Magajiya of Sokoto|members=* [[Muhammed Bello]] <br> * [[Nana Asma'u]] *[[Ahmadu Bello]]|styles=''Ranka Dede'' <br>[[His Eminence|Eminence]] <br> [[Royal Highness]]|other_families=[[Sullubawa|Sullubawa of Kano and Katsina]] <br> [[Umar Tall|Tall of Segou]]|cadet branches=* Bello family (Sokoto) <br> * [[Gidado dan Laima|Gidado family]] (Sokoto) * Tall family ([[Senegambia]])|religion=[[Islam]] <br> [[Folk Islam]]|motto=NasrunminAllah ([[Arabic]] for "Victory is from God alone.")}} A ƙarƙashin tsare tsaren mulkin kai tsaye na Burtaniya, Sultan da sauran 'yan uwansa Sarakuna su ne kadai' Yan asalin Kasar, wadanda ke karkashin kulawar Mazauna Mulkin Mallaka. Hakimai (ko taken sarakuna) ya taimaki Sarkin Musulmi ko Sarki wajen gudanar da mulkin jiharsa. An riƙe wannan tsarin sosai a lokacin Jamhuriya ta Farko ta Nijeriya . A shekarar 1966, kifar da Gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ya haifar da sake tsare tsaren tarayyar Najeriya. Wannan sannu a hankali ya rage ikon mulkin mallakar Arewacin Najeriya da masarautun ta. == Kasuwanci == [[File:Sokoto_market_2006.jpg|right|thumb| Kasuwar Sakkwato]] Fiye da kashi tamanin (80%) na mazauna Sakkwato suna yin wani nau'in noma ko wani. Suna samar da irin amfanin gona kamar gero, kwarya, masara, shinkafa, dankali, rogo, gyada, albasa da wake don samun abinci da kuma samar da alkama, auduga da kayan lambu a tsabar kuɗi. Sana'o'in cikin gida kamar su aikin baƙi, saƙa, rini, sassaka da aikin fata suma suna da mahimmiyar rawa a rayuwar tattalin arzikin jama'ar Sakkwato; a sakamakon haka yankuna daban-daban kamar Makera, Marina, Takalmawa da Majema sun zama masu mahimmanci. Sakkwato kuma na daya daga cikin yankunan da ke samar da kifi a ƙasar. Don haka, mutane da yawa a gefen kogin suna yin kamun kifi. Sakkwato tana da albarkatun ƙasa da na ma'adanai. Masana'antun da ke hade da amfanin gona suna amfani da auduga, gyada, dawa, da danko, masara, da shinkafa, da alkama, da sikari, da rogo, da danko na larabci da taɓa domin ana iya samar da kayan masarufi a yankin Hakanan ana iya yin aikin noma mai yawa a cikin jihar ta hanyar amfani da ruwan ban ruwa daga Goronyo Dam, Lugu, Kalmalo, Wammako da Kwakuzo tabkuna, da sauransu. Ma'adanai kamar su kaolin, gypsum, limestone, laterite, red mills, phosphate duka rawaya da kore, laka mai laushi da yashi ana samunsu da yawa na kasuwanci. Masana'antu da ke amfani da waɗannan albarkatun za'a iya kafa su a cikin jihar. Masana'antar ciminti ta Sakkwato, wacce ke Wamako, misali ce ta misali. Rashin tserar tse-tse a kan yankin makiyaya yana amfanar dabbobin gida da na waje. Sakkwato ita ce ta biyu a fannin kiwon dabbobi a cikin dabbobin ƙasar sama da miliyan takwas. Samuwar wannan ƙarfin tattalin arziki yana ba da kyakkyawar damar saka hannun jari, musamman a masana'antun da ke kawance da gona irin su injin garin fulawa, sarrafa tumatir, tace sukari, masaku, manne, tanning, kifin gwangwani, da sauransu. == Duba kuma == * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Sarakuna]] [[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]] [[Category:Masarautu a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7xe9zx539w3twlh9lyx9285vjpdh1s8 0 18944 826832 305417 2026-04-26T23:20:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:King Abdulaziz International Airport - Terminal 1.jpg|thumb|hoton filin jirgin king abdulaziz]] [[File:King Abdulaziz International Airport in 2022.01.jpg|thumb]] [[File:King Abdulaziz International Airport (JED), Jeddah Saudi Arabia - panoramio.jpg|thumb]] '''Filin Jirgi na Abdulaziz''' ( {{Lang-ar|مطار الملك عبدالعزيز الدولي}} ) ( , wanda kuma aka fi sani da sunan '''KAIA''' ), [[Saudi Arebiya|filin jirgin saman Saudiyya ne]] wanda ke kusa da [[Jeddah]] . <ref>[http://www.flightstats.com/go/Airport/airportDetails.do?airportCode=JED " King Abdulazziz International Airport" at FlightStats.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915220012/http://www.flightstats.com/go/Airport/airportDetails.do?airportCode=JED |date=2017-09-15 }}; retrieved 2013-3-7.</ref> [[File:Jeddah - King Abdulaziz International (JED - OEJN) AN1219204.jpg|thumb]] == Tarihi == [[File:King Abdulaziz International Airport - North Terminal 4.jpg|thumb]] Aikin gini a filin jirgin sama na KAIA ya fara ne a shekarar 1974, An buɗe tashar jirgin a watan Afrilu 1981. * == Manazarta == == Sauran yanar gizo == {{Commons category-inline|King Abdulazziz International Airport}} * [http://www.jed-airport.com/en/ "Filin jirgin saman Sarki Abdulazziz na Kasa da Kasa" a Jed-airport.com]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Category:Filayen jirgin sama]] [[Category:Filayen jirgin sama a Asiya]] [[Category:Saudiyya]] ssfhx3qu0260c13qk2a95l24aobhf5k 0 19465 826833 524500 2026-04-26T23:31:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Ceiba Intercontinental Airways (3C-LLY) Cotonou airport, Benin.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Ceiba Intercontinental Airways (3C-LLY) - 23944291009.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Cadjehoun Airport 7821.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Cadjehoun Airport 7822.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Cotonou Airport.jpg|thumb]] '''Filin jirgin saman Cotonou Cadjehoun''' filin jirgin sama ne a cikin unguwar Cadjehoun na [[Cotonou]], birni mafi girma a cikin [[Benin]], a Yammacin Afirka. Filin jirgin saman shine mafi girma a cikin ƙasar, kuma saboda haka, shine farkon hanyar shiga ƙasar ta jirgin sama, tare da tashi zuwa Afirka da Turai. Sunan filin jirgin ya samo asali ne daga Cardinal Bernardin Gantin. == Jiragen sama da wuraren zuwa == {{airport-dest-list|[[Air Burkina]]|28=[[Mohammed V International Airport|Casablanca]]|22=[[Addis Ababa Bole International Airport|Addis Ababa]]|23={{nowrap|[[Mauritania Airlines]]}}|24=[[Bamako–Sénou International Airport|Bamako]], [[Maya-Maya Airport|Brazzaville]], [[Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport|Nouakchott]]|25=[[Overland Airways]]|26=[[Murtala Muhammed International Airport|Lagos]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lanationbenin.info/index.php/societe-2/146-societe/17392-transport-aerien-overland-airways-rapproche-lagos-cotonou-et-lome |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818124024/http://www.lanationbenin.info/index.php/societe-2/146-societe/17392-transport-aerien-overland-airways-rapproche-lagos-cotonou-et-lome |archive-date=18 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>|27=[[Royal Air Maroc]]|29=[[RwandAir]]|20=[[Bata Airport|Bata]], [[Malabo International Airport|Malabo]]|30=[[Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport|Abidjan]],<ref name="Rwandair">{{cite web|url=http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/274701/rwandair-opens-cotonou-hub-in-late-august-2017/|title=Rwandair opens Cotonou hub in late-August 2017|first=UBM (UK) Ltd.|last=2018|accessdate=10 May 2018}}</ref> [[Bamako–Sénou International Airport|Bamako]],<ref name="Rwandair"/> [[Maya-Maya Airport|Brazzaville]], [[Conakry International Airport|Conakry]],<ref name="Rwandair"/> [[Blaise Diagne International Airport|Dakar–Diass]],<ref name="Rwandair"/> [[Douala International Airport|Douala]],<ref name="Rwandair"/> [[Kigali International Airport|Kigali]], [[Léon-Mba International Airport|Libreville]]|31=[[Trans Air Congo]]|32=[[Maya-Maya Airport|Brazzaville]], [[Léon-Mba International Airport|Libreville]], [[Agostinho-Neto International Airport|Pointe-Noire]]|33=[[Tunisair]]|34=[[Tunis–Carthage International Airport|Tunis]]|35=[[Turkish Airlines]]|21=[[Ethiopian Airlines]]|19=[[Cronos Airlines]]|[[Lomé–Tokoin International Airport|Lomé]], [[Ouagadougou Airport|Ouagadougou]]|9=[[ASKY Airlines]]|[[Air Côte d'Ivoire]]|[[Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport|Abidjan]], [[Léon-Mba International Airport|Libreville]]<ref name="Air Côte d'Ivoire adds new sectors from April 2017">{{cite news|title= Air Côte d'Ivoire adds new sectors from April 2017|url=http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/271960/air-cote-divoire-adds-new-sectors-from-april-2017/|accessdate=22 March 2017}}</ref>|[[Air France]]|[[Charles de Gaulle Airport|Paris–Charles de Gaulle]]|[[Air Senegal]]|[[Blaise Diagne International Airport|Dakar–Diass]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/280676/air-senegal-outlines-proposed-regional-network-from-late-sep-2018/|title=Air Senegal outlines proposed regional network from late-Sep 2018|website=routesonline.com|accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref>|10=[[Lomé–Tokoin International Airport|Lomé]], [[Ouagadougou Airport|Ouagadougou]]|18=[[Blaise Diagne International Airport|Dakar–Diass]], [[Malabo International Airport|Malabo]]|11=[[Benin Airlines]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://benin-airline.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-03-20 |archive-date=2021-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222105543/https://benin-airline.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>|12=[[Parakou Airport|Parakou]]|13=[[Brussels Airlines]]|14=[[Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport|Abidjan]], [[Brussels Airport|Brussels]]|15=[[Camair-Co]]|16=[[Douala International Airport|Douala]], [[Murtala Muhammed International Airport|Lagos]]|17=[[CEIBA Intercontinental]]|36=[[Istanbul Airport|Istanbul]]}}{{Airport-dest-list|[[Allied Air]]|[[Murtala Muhammed International Airport|Lagos]], [[Libreville International Airport|Libreville]]|[[Air France Cargo]]|[[Paris–Charles de Gaulle]]}} == Hadari da abubuwan da suka faru == * Jirgin UTA 141 : A ranar 25 ga Disamba 2003, jirgin ya fado a [[Gasar Benin|Bight of Benin]], ya kashe 151 daga cikin 163 da ke ciki, yawancinsu 'yan Lebanon. A cikin 1974, an yanke shawarar matsar da ayyukan filin jirgin saman Cotonou zuwa wani sabon wuri a cikin Glo-Djigbé . Rashin kuɗaɗe ya dakatar da aikin cikin sauri. A halin yanzu, an fara inganta filin jirgin saman Cotonou. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Aeroport International Cardinal Bernardin Gantin, Cotonou, Bénin Jan 10, 2020 09-22-41 AM.jpeg File:Aiport-cotonou.jpg|Aiport-cotonou File:Façade principale de l'aéroport international de Cotonou.jpg File:Salle d'embarquement de l'aéroport international de Cotonou.jpg|Salle d'embarquement de l'aéroport international de Cotonou File:Air Burkina Fokker F-28-4000 Fellowship Mutzair.jpg </gallery> 3arsbumeu4dfeav1hs6jhuh4j75l9hd 0 19847 826878 341951 2026-04-27T05:28:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Garga Haman Adji''' (an haife shi 27 Janairu 1944 <ref name="Maroua">[https://sites.google.com/site/cvuccameroun/maroua-1er Information on the First ''Arrondissement'' of Maroua] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101093749/https://sites.google.com/site/cvuccameroun/maroua-1er |date=2020-11-01 }} {{In lang|fr}}.</ref> ) ɗan [[Kamaru|siyasan Kamaru]] ne. Yayi aiki a gwamnatin Kamaru a matsayin Ministan Ma'aikatan farar hula daga 1990 zuwa 1992 kuma a yanzu shi ne Shugaban Alliance for Democracy and Development (ADD), karamar jam'iyyar siyasa. Hakanan shi kansila ne na birni a cikin ''Arrondissement'' na [[Marwa|Farko na Maroua]] . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[Musulmi|Musulmi ne]] <ref name="Hunt"/> kuma memba ne na [[Fulani|ƙabilar Fula]], Garga an haife shi ne a Maroua. <ref name="Maroua"/> Ya fara aiki a cikin gwamnatin jihar tun yana saurayi, ya zama mai taimaka mataimakan mulki a Yagoua Prefecture a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta1961 sannan kuma shugaban sakatariyar karamar hukumar Kar-Haye a watan Yulin shekara ta 1962; mukamin na karshen ya bashi damar samun kwarewa a shirya kasafin kudi. Ya kuma shiga jam’iyya mai mulki a 1962, kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Kasa ta Kamaru da Magistracy, a Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Duniya da ke [[Faris|Paris]], da kuma Jami’ar Tarayya ta Yaounde a lokacin 1960s. == Kwarewar aiki da aikin gwamnati == A farkon aikinsa, Garga ya rike manyan mukamai a Kamaru, yana aiki a matsayin Babban Daraktan Tsaron Kasa, Mataimakin Darakta a Ma’aikatar Kudi, Babban Sakatare na Ma’aikatan Farar Hula, da Daraktan Kudi na Kamfanin Wutar Lantarki na Kamaru. Sannan yayi aiki a matsayin Sufeto na Jiha kuma Mataimakin Darakta na Kula da Gyara Tsarin Mulki. Bayan yunkurin juyin mulki na watan Afrilu na shekarar 1984, wanda yan Arewa ke da hannu a ciki, aka kama Garga aka tsare shi a babban kurkukun Kondengui . Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake shi, amma, aka naɗa shi Babban Darakta-Janar na Bankin Boston na Kamaru a ranar 24 ga watan Oktoba 1984. <ref name="Hunt"/> Shugaba [[Paul Biya|Paul Biya ya]] nada Garga ga gwamnati a matsayin Ministan Ma’aikatan Gwamnati da kuma Oditon Jiha na Koli a shekarar 1990. Da yake waiwaye bayan nadin nasa, Garga ya ce ya yi farin ciki da hakan saboda yana ganin Biya ya amince da kudurinsa na yaki da cin hanci da rashawa kuma zai ba shi damar yin hakan cikin 'yanci. <ref name="Still">Kini Nsom, [http://www.postnewsline.com/2006/02/the_corrupt_sti/comments/page/1/ "'The Corrupt Still Run Gov't'"], ''The Post'' (Cameroon), 27 February 2006.</ref> Bayan halatta siyasa da yawa a watan Disambar shekarar 1990, Garga ya taimaka wajen kafa jam'iyyar siyasa, Alliance for Democracy and Progress; an yarda da shi bisa doka a ranar 4 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1991. <ref name="Justice">[http://www.spm.gov.cm/documents/art496_Minjustice%20angl%20reli%C3%A9.pdf ''Report by the Ministry of Justice on the State of Human Rights in Cameroon 2005''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404182704/http://www.spm.gov.cm/documents/art496_Minjustice%20angl%20reli%C3%A9.pdf |date=2020-04-04 }}, October 2006, page 98 {{In lang|fr}}.</ref> A cikin gwamnati, Garga yayi aiki don yaki da rashawa. <ref name="Hunt">Kini Nsom, [http://www.postnewsline.com/2004/10/presidential_ho.html "Garga Haman Adji: Hunting Embezzlers"], ''The Post'' (Cameroon), 8 October 2004.</ref> A matsayinsa na shugaban Audit na Jiha, ya ba da rahoton cewa manyan jami’ai daban-daban suna bin jimlar kudi [[CFA franc ( sefar yammaci Afirka)|CFA]] miliyan 357 na kudaden da suka bace, <ref>''New African'', January 1992, page 18, cited in George B. N. Ayittey, ''Africa Betrayed'' (1992), page 239.</ref> inda aka gano 42 daga cikinsu da ake zargi da satar CFA miliyan daya ko fiye da haka. Garga ya ce ya kamata a gurfanar da manyan jami'an a gaban kotu don nuna cewa ba za a amince da rashawa ba, <ref name="Stakes">Tangie Nsoh Fonchingong, "Corruption, Governance and Development in Cameroon", in ''Cameroon: The Stakes and Challenges of Governance and Development'' (2009), ed. Tangie Nsoh Fonchingong and John Bobuin Gemandze, page 50.</ref> amma ba a dauki wani mataki a kansu ba. <ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/PrintReport.aspx?ReportId=57951 "CAMEROON: New anti-corruption drive leaves many sceptical"], IRIN, 27 January 2006.</ref> Daga nan sai aka gyara ma'aikatar Garga a ranar 9 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1992, lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin Ministan Ma'aikatan Gwamnati da Gyara Tsarin Mulki; don haka ya rasa ikonsa akan Kudin Gwamnatin Jiha. <ref name="Still"/> A cewar Garga, Biya bai bayyana wa Garga dalilin da ya sa ya sauya ayyukan Garga ba, amma Garga ya yi imanin cewa an yi hakan ne saboda Biya da wadanda ke kusa da shi ba su amince da tsayin daka na Garga game da rashawa ba. Takaici da halin da ake ciki da kuma jin cewa Biya ba shi da tabbaci a kansa, Garga ya yi murabus daga gwamnati a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta shekarar 1992. <ref>Edmond Kamguia Koumchou, [https://books.google.com/books?lr=&ei=tBn1SqT_Kp-CygSUya2WBg&id=uxxzAAAAMAAJ&dq=garga+biya+27+1992&q=garga+biya#search_anchor ''Le journalisme du carton rouge: réflexions et chronologie des années orageuses''] (2003), page 245 {{In lang|fr}}.</ref> Ya musanta cewa jagoran adawa John Fru Ndi ya shawo kansa ya yi murabus, duk da cewa ya yi yakin neman goyon bayan takarar Fru Ndi a zaben shugaban kasa Octoba shekarar 1992 . A lokacin zaben, Biya ya ce Garga ya yi murabus ne saboda Biya ba ya son yin abin da Garga yake so. Biya ya lashe zaben shekarar 1992 bisa ga sakamakon hukuma; duk da haka, Garga ya yi ikirarin cewa an yi magudi a zaben kuma Fru Ndi ne ainihin wanda ya yi nasara. == Harkar siyasa bayan shekarar 1992 == Jam’iyyar Garga, wacce aka sauya mata suna zuwa Alliance for Democracy and Development (ADD), <ref name="Justice"/>ta yi rawar gani a zabuka, amma Garga ya ce hakan ya faru ne saboda magudin zabe. <ref name="Hunt"/> A watan Mayu na 1996, an shirya shi ya bayyana a matsayin bako a ''fagen Les Heures'', shirin muhawara a rediyon jama'a, don tattaunawa game da mutuwar [[Ahmadu Ahidjo|Ahmadou Ahidjo]], amma an dakatar da shirin kai tsaye kafin watsa shi. A cewar manajan gidan rediyon, ba a watsa shirin ba ne saboda rashin cika takardu. <ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4753d3aa0.pdf "Cameroon: A Transition in Crisis"], Article 19, October 1997, pages 15&#x2013;16.</ref> A matsayinsa na wakilin wata kungiyar siyasa, Garga ya kasance cikin kwamitin kidaya kuri’u na kasa na mutum 22 a lokacin zaben shugaban kasa na watan Oktoba na shekarar 1997, kuma ya zargi Hukumar da yin zamba wajen gudanar da sakamakon. <ref>Jean-Germain Gros, [https://books.google.com/books?ei=d7vxSvSwNab0ygTclNSqDA&id=4jmfAAAAMAAJ&dq=garga+1997&q=garga+#search_anchor ''Cameroon: Politics and Society in Critical Perspective''] (2003), page 147.</ref> Bayan zaben ' yan majalisar dokoki na watan Yunin shekarar 2002, Garga da wasu fitattun' yan siyasar arewa hudu sun fitar da sanarwa a watan Yuli, inda suka yi zargin magudin zabe tare da sanar da kafa "fagen adawa". Sun yi gargadin cewa gwamnatin Kamaru mai mulkin dimokiradiyya (RDPC) tana mayar da kasar zuwa mulkin jam'iyya daya kuma sun yi kira ga 'yan siyasa "da su tsallake duk wani banbanci, son kai da son zuciya don samar da wani yunkuri da zai iya ceto Kamaru daga rugujewa". <ref>[http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-26424940_ITM "Five former Cameroonian ministers allege vote rigging"], Panapress, 15 July 2002.</ref> Garga ya kuma bi sahun sauran 'yan siyasar arewa wajen sanya hannu a wata takarda a watan Satumbar shekarar 2002 inda ya yi tir da yadda ake zargin gwamnatin ta mayar da arewa saniyar ware da rashin kulawa tare da yin kira da a mai da hankali sosai kan magance matsalolin arewa. <ref>[http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-24416153_ITM "Northerners in Cameroon deny seeking secession"], Panapress, 15 September 2003.</ref> Garga ya tsaya a matsayin dan takarar ADD a zaben shugaban kasa na watan Oktoba na shekarar 2004 . Da yake kin shiga kawancen adawar a wancan lokacin, ya ce baya ga Fru Ndi da Adamou Ndam Njoya hadakar ta kunshi ‘yan cin amana ne marasa gaskiya, yayin da masu sukar sa suka yi ikirarin cewa yana son yin takarar Shugaban kasa ne kawai don biyan bukatar kansa. <ref name="Hunt"/> Tare da sauran shugabannin adawa, Garga ya yi kira da a yi amfani da na’ura mai kwakwalwa wajen gudanar da zaben, yana mai cewa ya zama dole “a kiyaye zaman lafiyar al’umma da kuma tabbatar da zaben gaskiya” A zaben, ya sanya na hudu da kashi 3.73% na kuri'un. Biya ya lashe zaben da gagarumin rinjaye, duk da cewa Garga ya gudanar da aikin "mutunci" a yankin Diamaré, wanda ke cikin lardin Arewa mai Nisa . <ref>[http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-14522890_ITM "Cameroon - Biya Wins"], Africa Research Bulletin, October 2004.</ref> A wata sanarwa da aka fitar a ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 2004, 'yan kwanaki bayan zaben, Garga ya yi Allah wadai da zaben a matsayin magudi, yana mai nuni da kura-kurai da dama tare da tabbatar da bukatar hukumar zabe mai zaman kanta da za ta kula da zabuka masu zuwa. Ya kuma soki sauran shugabannin adawa saboda nuna halin da ya bayyana a matsayin ha'inci, son kai, da kuma sabawa tun a farkon shekarun 1990. A wasu bayanan bayan zaben, ya nuna rashin amincewa ya lura cewa mutane sun zabi yin zaben ga ‘yan takarar da suka fito daga yankinsu tare da jaddada mahimmancin hadin kai, yana mai cewa ya kamata mutane su matsa gaba fiye da siyasar kabilanci kuma su zabi kan ra’ayi. Dangane da rashin gamsuwa da son ballewa a cikin yaren mutanen Ingilishi, ya ce korafin nasu ya cancanta kuma ya kamata gwamnati ta dauki wadannan korafe-korafen da muhimmanci. === Hukumar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma zaben shekarar 2007 === Lokacin da Biya ta fara kamfen na yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a farkon shekarar 2006, Garga ya nuna amincewarsa a hankali, yana mai cewa Biya daga karshe yana yin abin da ya ba da shawara a farkon shekarun 1990 kuma "ya fi kyau fiye da yadda aka saba da shi", amma kuma ya ce masu adawa da yaƙin neman cin hanci da rashawa ya buƙaci faɗaɗa sosai. A cewar Garga, ministocin da shugabannin kamfanonin gwamnati da yawa sun yi almundahana. <ref name="Still"/> Baya ga matsayinsa na Shugaban ADD, Garga ya kuma jagoranci ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta "Kyakkyawan Lamiri" har zuwa na shekarar 2006. Biyo bayan kirkiro da lambar yabo ta Mo Ibrahim, wacce aka shirya don inganta shugabanci na gari ta hanyar ba shugabannin Afirka da suka yi ritaya ladan kudade masu yawa, Garga ya nuna shakku a wata hira da ya yi da BBC Afirka ta Oktoba a shekarar 2006. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa rashin son shiga cin hanci da rashawa ya ta'allaka ne da "imanin mutum, wanda ba shi da wata alaka da dukiya". Ya kuma nuna shakku kan cewa kyautar za ta karfafawa shugabannin Afirka gwiwa su yi ritaya, yana mai cewa babu wani kudi da zai isa idan ba sa son barin mulki. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/french/highlights/story/2006/10/061028_leader_prize.shtml "Un prix pour promouvoir la bonne gouvernance en Afrique"], BBC Afrique, 28 October 2006.</ref> A ranar 15 ga watan Maris shekarar 2007, Shugaba Biya ya nada Garga zuwa wa'adin shekaru uku a Kwamitin Kula da Hukumar yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa na Kasa. A bikin rantsar da shi a ranar 30 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2007, Garga ya fadi, amma ya sami kulawar gaggawa cikin gaggawa kuma ya murmure cikin 'yan mintoci. A cikin 'yan jaridu, an zargi rushewar tasa da yanayin cunkoson mutane a cikin zauren, da kuma gaskiyar cewa ya yi kusan awa daya tsaye. <ref>Kini Nsom and Christopher Jator Njechu, [http://www.postnewsline.com/2007/05/national_antico.html "National Anti-Corruption Commission: Garga Haman Collapses At Swearing-In Ceremony"], ''The Post'' (Cameroon), 31 May 2007.</ref> Garga yana ɗaya daga cikin yan takarar ADD guda uku da aka zaɓa cikin mambobina kungiyar Municipal mai mambobi 35 na Babban ''Arrondissement'' na farko na Maroua a zaɓen birni na watan Yulin shekarar 2007 . <ref name="Maroua"/> Kodayake jam’iyyarsa ta samu ‘yan kujerun karamar hukuma kawai kuma ba ta da kujerun majalisa, amma Garga ya lura cewa ADD ba ta taba cin wani kujerun karamar hukuma ba sannan ya yi ikirarin cewa ADD din ta samu ci gaba saboda tana“ a yanayin barayi ”amma har yanzu ta yi nasarar wasu daga [kayanta] ". A zaman farko na Majalisar ''Birni ta'' farko ta Karamar Hukumar, an zabi Garga a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Kudi. Kodayake matsayin na biyu a karamar hukuma karami ne idan aka kwatanta shi da mukaman da ya rike a baya a rayuwarsa, Garga ya ce yana son ya zama mai amfani kuma yana farin cikin sanar da kwarewarsa ga sauran mambobin majalisar. Dangane da rahoton da Hukumar Kula da Zabe ta Kasa ta bayar game da zaben majalisar dokoki da na kananan hukumomi na shekarar 2007, wanda aka buga a ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2008, Garga ya ce an yi magudi a zaben kuma rahoton masu kula bai nuna gaskiya ba. A cewar Garga, rajistar masu jefa kuri'a zababbu ce kuma tana wakiltar wannan karamin yanki na yawan jama'a (miliyan 4.6 da suka yi rijista a cikin mutane miliyan 18.5) don haka zaben ba shi da wani kwari. Ya kuma yi nuni da zargin da aka yi na yawaitar kada kuri’a da kuma sayen kuri’u a da’awar cewa zaben ba shi da gaskiya da adalci. <ref>Kini Nsom, [http://allafrica.com/stories/200808041746.html "Opposition Says NEO Report is Fallacious"], ''The Post'' (Cameroon), 4 August 2008.</ref> == Rayuwar mutum == Garga, a matsayinsa na Musulmi, yana da mata da yawa . == Manazarta == {{reflist}} 2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kini Nsom, "Garga Haman Adji: Hunting Embezzlers" , The Post (Cameroon), 8 October 2004. 3. ^ a b c d Mathurin Petsoko, "Garga Haman Adji: Un exemple de rectitude morale pour la jeunesse camerounaise" Archived 2011-07-13 at the Wayback Machine , journalducameroun.com, 20 March 2009 (in French). 4. [https://www.ruqyahcirebon.com ruqyah cirebon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224111616/https://www.ruqyahcirebon.com/ |date=2015-02-24 }} 5. ^ a b c d e f Kini Nsom, "'The Corrupt Still Run Gov't'" , The Post (Cameroon), 27 February 2006. 6. ^ a b Report by the Ministry of Justice on the State of Human Rights in Cameroon 2005 [permanent dead link], October 2006, page 98 (in French). 7. ^ New African , January 1992, page 18, cited in George B. N. Ayittey, Africa Betrayed (1992), page 239. 8. ^ a b c d e Tangie Nsoh Fonchingong, "Corruption, Governance and Development in Cameroon", in Cameroon: The Stakes and Challenges of Governance and Development (2009), ed. Tangie Nsoh Fonchingong and John Bobuin Gemandze, page 50. 9. ^ "CAMEROON: New anti-corruption drive leaves many sceptical" , IRIN, 27 January 2006. 10. ^ Edmond Kamguia Koumchou, Le journalisme du carton rouge: réflexions et chronologie des années orageuses (2003), page 245 (in French). 11. ^ "Cameroon: A Transition in Crisis" , Article 19, October 1997, pages 15–16. 12. ^ Jean-Germain Gros, Cameroon: Politics and Society in Critical Perspective (2003), page 147. 13. ^ "Five former Cameroonian ministers allege vote rigging" , Panapress, 15 July 2002. 14. ^ "Northerners in Cameroon deny seeking secession" , Panapress, 15 September 2003. 15. ^ Sylvestre Tetchiada, "Politics-Cameroon: A Vote for Computerization" Archived 2004-12-22 at the Wayback Machine , IPS, 27 September 2004. 16. ^ "List of candidates and results for the 2004 presidential election" . Archived from the original on December 12, 2004. Retrieved 2017-10-11. (in French). 17. ^ "Cameroon - Biya Wins" , Africa Research Bulletin, October 2004. 18. ^ "Présidentielle: Communiqué de Presse de Garga Haman Adji, Président de l'ADD" Archived 2012-02-24 at the Wayback Machine , Cameroon-Info.net, 23 October 2004 (in French). 19. ^ Kini Nsom and Nformi Sonde Kinsai, "SDF, Others, Ready For Dialogue With Biya" Archived 2012-02-24 at the Wayback Machine , The Post (Cameroon), 1 November 2004. 20. ^ "Un prix pour promouvoir la bonne gouvernance en Afrique" , BBC Afrique, 28 October 2006. 21. ^ "Décret n° 2007/078 du 15 mars 2007 portant nomination des membres du Comité de coordination de la Commission nationale anti-corruption" Archived 2007-08-19 at the Wayback Machine , Cameroon government website (in French). 22. ^ Kini Nsom and Christopher Jator Njechu, "National Anti-Corruption Commission: Garga Haman Collapses At Swearing-In Ceremony" , The Post (Cameroon), 31 May 2007. 23. ^ "Garga Haman Adji : Un délégué du gouvernement n'est pas nécessaire à Maroua" Archived 2008-04-30 at the Wayback Machine, Mutations, 18 January 2008 (in French). 24. ^ Kini Nsom, "Opposition Says NEO Report is Fallacious" , The Post (Cameroon), 4 August 2008. 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826780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Hystero-Epilepsie;_Contracture_Permanente._Planche_XXVIII._Wellcome_L0074948.jpg |thumb|Hystero-Epilepsie; Contracture Permanente. Planche XXVIII ]] [[File:Grand-mal_Epilepsy_C.jpg |thumb| Mai fama da larurar farfadiya]] '''Farfadya''' ([[Turanci]]: ''epilepsy'')<ref>Blench, Roger. 2014. ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Diseases/Ce%20diseases.pdf Ce Medical terminology and diseases] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717175738/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Diseases/Ce%20diseases.pdf |date=2021-07-17 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> wata cuta ce dake kama mutum, takan sanya faɗuwa a firgice ba tare da mutum yasan inda hankalin sa yake ba. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== <references/> [[Category:Kiwon lafiya]] [[Category: Cututtuka]] 6h8woo86137oy6uw7o683oivflsetfk 0 22650 826787 496255 2026-04-26T20:16:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Dipylidium_mature_proglotid.jpg |thumb|Dipylidium mature proglotid ]] [[File:Tetrabothrius_intrepidus.png |thumb| Tetrabothrius intrepidus]] '''Makenkero''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tapeworm'')<ref>Blench, Roger. 2013. ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Diseases/Mwaghavul%20diseases.pdf Mwaghavul disease names] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717181922/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Diseases/Mwaghavul%20diseases.pdf |date=2021-07-17 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== <references/> [[Category:Kiwon lafiya]] [[Category: Cututtuka]] 42yw2w40xrrs3z3wxt4jhzll9soi2hx 0 22801 826783 444098 2026-04-26T20:15:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Farin baushe''' [[itace]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 7e4pe1hjvmdaul47hegpplqq15paihn 0 22818 826958 444107 2026-04-27T09:10:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Geron tsuntsaye''' [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] bzhw2iki0vuen7h1rojcj0nagp3nypn 0 22835 826827 444110 2026-04-26T23:00:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Feshe''' [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 26hh2atfxc6q5omxn15udf5fyk6onar 0 22845 826866 289769 2026-04-27T04:49:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Hyparrhenia hirta 20140810.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gajiri]] [[File:Hyparrhenia hirta 20140805.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gajiri]] '''Gajiri''' [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> [[File:Hyparrhenia hirta, bloeiwyse, a, Waterberg.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gajiri]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 8gdc11rejzzda33b0yju5rpaeu3vtbs 0 22854 826861 444743 2026-04-27T04:20:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Chamaecrista mimosoides at Madayipara 2014 (1).jpg|thumb|Bagaruwar kasa]] [[File:Chamaecrista mimosoides (6213237285).jpg|thumb]] [[File:Chamaecrista mimosoides (5024942385).jpg|thumb|Ice ;agaruwar kasa]] [[File:Chamaecrista mimosoides (6213125683).jpg|thumb|furen bagaruwar kasa]] [[File:Chamaecrista mimosoides (5025554800).jpg|thumb]] '''Gabaruwar ƙasa''' [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] q7ydhh8yk8fk2i4fov70webr1cc49vo 0 22867 826777 243590 2026-04-26T20:02:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Meññeefum garabug sawat.jpg|thumb|Dan fatar geza]] [[File:Combretum aculeatum MS 10043.jpg|thumb|furen fatar geza]] [[File:Combretumaculeatum.jpg|thumb]] '''Farar geza''' [[shuka]] ce.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 9upeq3ln7mmuw1jsy0ywjd773cstmz7 0 22872 826888 289777 2026-04-27T06:38:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Astraea lobata (L.) Klotzsch - Flickr - Alex Popovkin, Bahia, Brazil (5).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gasayar barewa]] '''Gasayar barewa''' [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> [[File:Astraea lobata.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gasayar barewa]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] hgmedn66nixt1lf5vdl0sccbjx1qnsz 0 22884 826877 820411 2026-04-27T05:19:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Mitragyna stipulosa (DC.) Kuntze from Blumea 24(1) 52 (1978).png|thumb|Ganyen gori]] '''Ganyen gori''' [[shuka]] ce.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] j2sn8vi75cuvvtai2u3e9x3smpkob74 0 22914 826895 289791 2026-04-27T06:52:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Neocarya_macrophylla_0009.jpg|240px|right|thumbnail|Gawasa]] '''Gawasa''' [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> [[File:Neocarya_macrophylla_0002.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gawasa]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] ketqx30eusifrn2n7prbmyiduk2262q 0 22919 826795 289754 2026-04-26T20:50:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ormocarpum kirkii S-2810.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Faskara giwa]] '''Faskara giwa''' [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> [[File:Ormocarpum kirkii S-2806.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Ormocarpum kirkii]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] rwpcxukqvizjgxj19b9ckt9ch3hvdet 0 22938 826894 289788 2026-04-27T06:50:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Cucumis maderaspatanus 63729861.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gautan zomo]] [[File:Cucumis maderaspatanus (1125887449).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gautan zomo]] '''Gautan zomo, wata''' [[shuka]] ce Wanda take fitowa daga kasa ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> [[File:Cucumis maderaspatanus fruit.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Ƴaƴan shukar Gautan zomo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] jummng4wm6sdwonl6e18nu1g98mfllw 0 22954 826892 289778 2026-04-27T06:49:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gautan kaji''' [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> [[File:Starr_010520-0074_Solanum_americanum.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gautan kaji]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] f3lobfsyv1mtqd66081debql7b4n58x 0 22955 826891 444153 2026-04-27T06:49:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gautan bacarmi''' [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 9h2hgbgx2goqvok1k0jpgnrcybxpftg 0 22981 826796 444175 2026-04-26T20:55:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatakka''' [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] mk95e0rlvivn58p4hjk7s18bae5p578 0 27193 826822 642739 2026-04-26T21:57:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Favipiravir''', wanda ake sayar da shi a ƙarƙashin sunan alamar '''Avigan''' da sauransu,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/glenmark-launches-covid-19-drug-fabiflu-priced-at-rs-103-per-tablet-120062000872_1.html|title=Glenmark launches Covid-19 drug FabiFlu, priced at Rs 103 per tablet|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=20 June 2020|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> maganin rigakafi ne wanda ake amfani da shi don magance mura a [[Japan]].<ref name="Du20202">{{cite journal|vauthors=Du YX, Chen XP|title=Favipiravir: pharmacokinetics and concerns about clinical trials for 2019-nCoV infection|journal=Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics|date=April 2020|volume=108|issue=2|pages=242–247|pmid=32246834|doi=10.1002/cpt.1844|doi-access=free}}</ref> Hakanan ana nazarinta don kula da adadin wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da SARS-CoV-2.<ref name="Du20202" /> Kamar magungunan rigakafin gwaji na T-1105 da T-1106, abin da aka samu na pyrazinecarboxamide ne.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.198|first6=Dale L.|pmid=19428599|pages=95–102|issue=3|volume=82|journal=Antiviral Research|first9=John D.|last9=Morrey|first8=Justin G.|last8=Julander|first7=Brian B.|last7=Gowen|last6=Barnard|title=T-705 (Favipiravir) and related compounds: Novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of RNA viral infections|first5=Donald F.|last5=Smee|first4=Kenichi|last4=Sakamoto|first3=Kimiyasu|last3=Shiraki|first2=Kazumi|last2=Takahashi|first1=Yousuke|last1=Furuta|year=2009|pmc=7127082}}</ref> Toyama Chemical (wani reshen Fujifilm ) ne ke haɓakawa da ƙera shi kuma an amince da shi don amfanin likita a Japan a cikin shekara ta 2014.<ref name="Shi20202">{{cite journal|vauthors=Shiraki K, Daikoku T|title=Favipiravir, an anti-influenza drug against life-threatening RNA virus infections|journal=Pharmacology & Therapeutics|pages=107512|date=February 2020|volume=209|pmid=32097670|doi=10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107512|pmc=7102570}}</ref> A cikin 2016, Fujifilm ya ba shi lasisi ga Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co. na China.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma-asia/japan-s-fujifilm-licenses-flu-drug-api-to-china-s-zhejiang-hisun-pharmaceutical-a-first|title=Fujifilm in Avigan API license with Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceuticals|work=Fierce Pharma|access-date=April 20, 2020|date=June 22, 2016|author=EJ Lane}}</ref> Ya zama magani gama-gari a shekarar 2019, wanda ya baiwa kamfanin damar samar da shi a cikin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2020}} == Amfani da likita == An amince da Favipiravir don maganin mura a Japan.<ref name="Shi20202" /> An yi, duk da haka, kawai an nuna shi ga sabon mura (cututtukan da ke haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani) maimakon mura na yanayi<ref name="Shi20202" /> Tun daga 2020, yuwuwar juriya ta haɓaka tana bayyana ƙasa kaɗan.<ref name="Shi20202" /> == Side effects == Akwai shaida cewa yin amfani da lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da lahani ga jariri.<ref name="Shi20202" /> An nuna tasirin teratogenic da embryotoxic akan nau'in dabbobi hudu.<ref name="Shi20202" /><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pilkington|first1=Victoria|last2=Pepperrell|first2=Toby|last3=Hill|first3=Andrew|title=A review of the safety of favipiravir – a potential treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic?|journal=Journal of Virus Eradication|date=2020|volume=6|issue=2|pages=45–51|doi=10.1016/S2055-6640(20)30016-9|pmid=32405421|pmc=7331506|issn=2055-6640}}</ref> == Hanyar aiki == Ana tunanin tsarin ayyukansa yana da alaƙa da zaɓin hana cutar RNA polymerase mai dogaro da RNA.<ref name="bp2">{{cite journal|vauthors=Jin Z, Smith LK, Rajwanshi VK, Kim B, Deval J|title=The ambiguous base-pairing and high substrate efficiency of T-705 (Favipiravir) Ribofuranosyl 5'-triphosphate towards influenza A virus polymerase|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=7|pages=e68347|year=2013|pmid=23874596|pmc=3707847|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0068347|bibcode=2013PLoSO...868347J|doi-access=free}}</ref> Favipiravir ne prodrug cewa an metabolized zuwa ta aiki form, favipiravir-ribofuranosyl-5'-triphosphate (favipiravir-RTP), akwai a duka na baka da kuma igiyar jini formulations.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Guedj J, Piorkowski G, Jacquot F, Madelain V, Nguyen TH, Rodallec A, Gunther S, Carbonnelle C, Mentré F, Raoul H, de Lamballerie X|display-authors=6|title=Antiviral efficacy of favipiravir against Ebola virus: A translational study in cynomolgus macaques|journal=PLOS Medicine|volume=15|issue=3|pages=e1002535|date=March 2018|pmid=29584730|pmc=5870946|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002535}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Smee DF, Hurst BL, Egawa H, Takahashi K, Kadota T, Furuta Y|title=Intracellular metabolism of favipiravir (T-705) in uninfected and influenza A (H5N1) virus-infected cells|journal=The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy|volume=64|issue=4|pages=741–6|date=October 2009|pmid=19643775|pmc=2740635|doi=10.1093/jac/dkp274}}</ref> A cikin 2014, an amince da favipiravir a Japan don tarawa da cututtukan mura.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-08-07/ebola-drug-from-japan-may-emerge-among-key-candidates.html|title=Ebola Drug From Japan May Emerge Among Key Candidates|date=7 August 2014|publisher=Bloomberg.com|first=Cynthia|last=Koons|name-list-style=vanc}}</ref> Duk da haka, ba a nuna favipiravir yana da tasiri a cikin ƙwayoyin jikin mutum na farko ba, yana jefa shakku kan ingancinsa a cikin maganin mura.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Yoon JJ, Toots M, Lee S, Lee ME, Ludeke B, Luczo JM, Ganti K, Cox RM, Sticher ZM, Edpuganti V, Mitchell DG, Lockwood MA, Kolykhalov AA, Greninger AL, Moore ML, Painter GR, Lowen AC, Tompkins SM, Fearns R, Natchus MG, Plemper RK|display-authors=6|title=Orally Efficacious Broad-Spectrum Ribonucleoside Analog Inhibitor of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses|journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy|volume=62|issue=8|pages=e00766–18|date=August 2018|pmid=29891600|pmc=6105843|doi=10.1128/AAC.00766-18}}</ref> [[File:Favipiravir-RTP_structure.png|left|thumb|280x280px| Favipiravir ribofuranosyl triphosphate, nau'i mai aiki a cikin jiki]] Favipiravir-RTP analog ne na nucleoside. Yana kwaikwayi duka gunosine da adenosine don RdRP mai hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Haɗa irin waɗannan sansanonin guda biyu a jere suna dakatar da haɓakawa na farko, ko da yake ba a san yadda yake ba har zuwa 2013.<ref name="bp2" /> == Al'umma da al'adu == === Matsayin doka === Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka ta haɓaka favipiravir tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da MediVector, Inc. a matsayin babban maganin rigakafi da kuma ɗaukar nauyin ta ta hanyar FDA Phase II da Phase III na gwaji na asibiti, inda ya nuna aminci ga mutane da inganci a kan cutar mura.<ref>{{cite web|title=MediVector Completes Patient Enrollment In Two Phase 3 Studies Of Favipiravir For Influenza|url=https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/medivector-completes-patient-enrollment-in-two-phase-3-studies-of-favipiravir-for-influenza-/|website=BioSpace|access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref> Duk da nuna aminci a cikin marasa lafiya sama da 2,000 da kuma showing accelerated clearance of influenza virus by 6 to 14 hours in the unpublished Phase III trials , favipiravir ya kasance ba a yarda da shi ba a cikin Burtaniya da Amurka.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lumby|first1=Casper|title=Favipiravir and Zanamivir Cleared Infection with Influenza B in a Severely Immunocompromised Child|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|date=3 March 2020|volume=71|issue=7|pages=e191–e194|doi=10.1093/cid/ciaa023|pmid=32124919|doi-access=free}}</ref> A cikin 2014, Japan ta amince da favipiravir don magance nau'in mura ba tare da jin daɗin maganin rigakafi na yanzu.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Hayden FG, Shindo N|title=Influenza virus polymerase inhibitors in clinical development|journal=Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases|volume=32|issue=2|pages=176–186|date=April 2019|pmid=30724789|pmc=6416007|doi=10.1097/QCO.0000000000000532|doi-access=free}} {{open access}}</ref> Toyama Chemical da farko ya yi fatan cewa favipiravir zai zama sabon maganin mura wanda zai iya maye gurbin oseltamivir (sunan mai suna Tamiflu). Duk da haka, gwaje-gwajen dabba suna nuna yiwuwar tasirin teratogenic, kuma amincewa da samar da Ma'aikatar Lafiya, Ma'aikata da Jin Dadin Jama'a ya jinkirta sosai kuma yanayin samarwa yana iyakance ne kawai a cikin gaggawa a Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://diamond.jp/articles/-/49229|script-title=ja:条件付き承認で普及に足かせ 富山化学インフル薬の"無念"|access-date=25 February 2014|language=ja}}</ref> Duk da ƙayyadaddun bayanai game da inganci, har zuwa Maris 2021 favipiravir an ba da umarnin ko'ina don kula da marasa lafiya na COVID-19 mai sauƙi zuwa matsakaici a Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-11|title=A kórházakat tehermentesítheti az egyforintos koronavírus-gyógyszer|url=https://telex.hu/koronavirus/2021/03/11/koronavirus-elleni-gyogyszer-favipiravir-haziorvos-feliras-klinikai-teszt-hatasossag|access-date=2021-03-30|website=telex|language=hu}}</ref> Ana buƙatar marasa lafiya su sanya hannu kan takardar izini kafin su sami maganin. === Alamar sunayen === Ana sayar da Favipiravir a ƙarƙashin alamun alamun Avigan , Avifavir,<ref name="Avifavir2">{{cite web|url=https://medum.ru/avifavir|publisher=Medum.ru|work=Russian drug reference|title=Avifavir|access-date=2021-11-17|archive-date=2022-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010073819/https://medum.ru/avifavir|url-status=dead}}</ref> Areplivir,<ref name="Areplivir2">{{cite web|url=https://medum.ru/areplivir|publisher=Medum.ru|work=Russian drug reference|title=Arelpivir|access-date=2021-11-17|archive-date=2023-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328012711/https://medum.ru/areplivir|url-status=dead}}</ref> FabiFlu,<ref name="FabiFlu2">{{cite web|title='FabiFlu is the most economical COVID-19 treatment option': Glenmark's reply to Centre on alleged 'overpricing'|website=DNA India|date=21 July 2020|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/health/report-fabiflu-is-the-most-economical-covid-19-treatment-option-glenmark-s-reply-to-centre-on-alleged-overpricing-2833294|access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref> Favipira,<ref name="Favipira2">{{cite web|title=Favipira - Tablet - 200 mg - Beacon Pharmaceuticals Ltd. - Indications, Pharmacology, Dosage, Side Effects & other Generic Info|website=Medex|url=https://medex.com.bd/brands/28003/favipira-200mg|access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref> da Reeqonus.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Broad-Spectrum Oral Antiviral Sales Surge for COVID-19 Treatment|url=https://www.precisionvaccinations.com/2021/10/29/broad-spectrum-oral-antiviral-sales-surge-covid-19-treatment|access-date=2021-11-06|website=www.precisionvaccinations.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106002918/https://www.precisionvaccinations.com/2021/10/29/broad-spectrum-oral-antiviral-sales-surge-covid-19-treatment|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Favipiravir {{!}} Appili Therapeutics|url=https://www.appilitherapeutics.com/favipiravir|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Appili - LIVE|language=en|archive-date=2021-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106002911/https://www.appilitherapeutics.com/favipiravir|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Bincike == === CUTAR COVID-19 === Fabipravir, a matsayin maganin rigakafi, an ba shi izini don kula da COVID-19 a cikin ƙasashe da yawa ciki har da Japan, Rasha, [[Serbiya|Serbia]], Turkiyya, da Indiya, ƙarƙashin tanadin gaggawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ueda|journal=Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics|issn=1532-6535|pmc=8251038|pmid=33882157|doi=10.1002/cpt.2251|issue=n/a|volume=n/a|language=en|year=2021|title=Japan's Drug Regulation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons From a Case Study of Favipiravir|first1=Munetaka|first5=Masahiro|last5=Kami|first4=Akihiko|last4=Ozaki|first3=Anju|last3=Murayama|first2=Tetsuya|last2=Tanimoto|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Reuters Staff|date=2020-09-18|title=Russia approves first COVID-19 prescription drug for sale in pharmacies|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-russia-rpharm-idUSKBN26917Z|access-date=2021-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pulla|first=Priyanka|date=2020-11-25|title=Is Favipiravir Good for COVID-19? Clinical Trial Says No, Press Release Says Yes|url=https://science.thewire.in/the-sciences/favipiravir-glenmark-open-label-trial-primary-endpoints-efficacy-cure-times-misleading-press-release/|access-date=2021-05-20|website=The Wire Science|language=en-GB}}</ref> Wani saurin bita-bita a cikin Satumba 2020 (nazarin karatu huɗu) ya lura cewa maganin ya haifar da haɓakar asibiti da na rediyo; duk da haka, ba a rage yawan mace-mace ko bambance-bambance a cikin buƙatun tallafin oxygen ba kuma an nemi ƙarin bincike mai zurfi.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vaidyanathan|first=Gayathri|date=2020-11-09|title=Scientists criticize use of unproven COVID drugs in India|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=587|issue=7833|pages=187–188|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-03105-7|pmid=33169025|bibcode=2020Natur.587..187V|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Shrestha DB, Budhathoki P, Khadka S, Shah PB, Pokharel N, Rashmi P|date=September 2020|title=Favipiravir versus other antiviral or standard of care for COVID-19 treatment: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis|url=|journal=Virol J|volume=17|issue=1|pages=141|doi=10.1186/s12985-020-01412-z|pmc=7512218|pmid=32972430}}</ref> === Ebola === Bincike a cikin 2014, ya nuna cewa favipiravir na iya samun tasiri akan [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|cutar Ebola]] bisa ga binciken a cikin nau'in linzamin kwamfuta ; ba a magance tasiri a cikin mutane ba.<ref name="Gatherer 20142">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gatherer D|title=The 2014 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa|journal=The Journal of General Virology|volume=95|issue=Pt 8|pages=1619–1624|date=August 2014|pmid=24795448|doi=10.1099/vir.0.067199-0|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Oestereich L, Lüdtke A, Wurr S, Rieger T, Muñoz-Fontela C, Günther S|title=Successful treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection with T-705 (favipiravir) in a small animal model|journal=Antiviral Research|volume=105|pages=17–21|date=May 2014|pmid=24583123|doi=10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.02.014|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Smither SJ, Eastaugh LS, Steward JA, Nelson M, Lenk RP, Lever MS|title=Post-exposure efficacy of oral T-705 (Favipiravir) against inhalational Ebola virus infection in a mouse model|journal=Antiviral Research|volume=104|pages=153–5|date=April 2014|pmid=24462697|doi=10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.01.012}}</ref> A lokacin da 2014 [[Afirka ta Yamma|West Africa]] cutar cutar Ebola, a Faransa nas anda suka kamu da cutar Ebola yayin gudanar da aikin sa ga kungiyar likitoci ta Sans Frontières (MSF) a Liberia rahoto warke bayan samun wani hanya na favipiravir.<ref>{{cite news|title=First French Ebola patient leaves hospital|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-ebola-france-idUSKCN0HT0D720141004|work=Reuters|date=4 October 2016}}</ref> An fara gwajin gwaji na asibiti kan amfani da favipiravir kan cutar Ebola a Guéckédou, Guinea, a cikin Disamba 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Guinea: Clinical Trial for Potential Ebola Treatment Started in MSF Clinic in Guinea|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201412260651.html|publisher=AllAfrica – All the Time|access-date=28 December 2014}}</ref> Sakamakon farko da aka gabatar a cikin 2016 a taron kan Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), daga baya aka buga, ya nuna raguwar mace-mace a cikin marasa lafiya da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jini, amma babu wani tasiri ga marasa lafiya da manyan matakan (ƙungiyar). a mafi girman haɗarin mutuwa).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.croiconference.org/sessions/favipiravir-patients-ebola-virus-disease-early-results-jiki-trial-guinea|title=Favipiravir in Patients with Ebola Virus Disease: Early Results of the JIKI trial in Guinea|work=CROIconference.org|access-date=2016-03-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Sissoko D, Laouenan C, Folkesson E, M'Lebing AB, Beavogui AH, Baize S, Camara AM, Maes P, Shepherd S, Danel C, Carazo S, Conde MN, Gala JL, Colin G, Savini H, Bore JA, Le Marcis F, Koundouno FR, Petitjean F, Lamah MC, Diederich S, Tounkara A, Poelart G, Berbain E, Dindart JM, Duraffour S, Lefevre A, Leno T, Peyrouset O, Irenge L, Bangoura N, Palich R, Hinzmann J, Kraus A, Barry TS, Berette S, Bongono A, Camara MS, Chanfreau Munoz V, Doumbouya L, Kighoma PM, Koundouno FR, Loua CM, Massala V, Moumouni K, Provost C, Samake N, Sekou C, Soumah A, Arnould I, Komano MS, Gustin L, Berutto C, Camara D, Camara FS, Colpaert J, Delamou L, Jansson L, Kourouma E, Loua M, Malme K, Manfrin E, Maomou A, Milinouno A, Ombelet S, Sidiboun AY, Verreckt I, Yombouno P, Bocquin A, Carbonnelle C, Carmoi T, Frange P, Mely S, Nguyen VK, Pannetier D, Taburet AM, Treluyer JM, Kolie J, Moh R, Gonzalez MC, Kuisma E, Liedigk B, Ngabo D, Rudolf M, Thom R, Kerber R, Gabriel M, Di Caro A, Wölfel R, Badir J, Bentahir M, Deccache Y, Dumont C, Durant JF, El Bakkouri K, Gasasira Uwamahoro M, Smits B, Toufik N, Van Cauwenberghe S, Ezzedine K, D'Ortenzio E, Dortenzio E, Pizarro L, Etienne A, Guedj J, Fizet A, Barte de Sainte Fare E, Murgue B, Tran-Minh T, Rapp C, Piguet P, Poncin M, Draguez B, Allaford Duverger T, Barbe S, Baret G, Defourny I, Carroll M, Raoul H, Augier A, Eholie SP, Yazdanpanah Y, Levy-Marchal C, Antierrens A, Van Herp M, Günther S, de Lamballerie X, Keïta S, Mentre F, Anglaret X, Malvy D|display-authors=6|title=Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for Ebola Virus Disease (the JIKI Trial): A Historically Controlled, Single-Arm Proof-of-Concept Trial in Guinea|journal=PLOS Medicine|volume=13|issue=3|pages=e1001967|date=March 2016|pmid=26930627|pmc=4773183|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001967}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/05/science/ebola-drug-has-encouraging-early-results-and-questions-follow.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|first=Sheri|last=Fink|name-list-style=vanc|title=Ebola Drug Aids Some in a Study in West Africa|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> An soki ƙirar gwajin gaba ɗaya don amfani da sarrafa tarihi kawai.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/02/results-encouraging-ebola-trial-scrutinized|title=Results from encouraging Ebola trial scrutinized|first=Jon|last=Cohen|name-list-style=vanc|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|date=26 February 2015|access-date=21 January 2016|doi=10.1126/science.aaa7912}}</ref> === Nipah === Nipah virus ne a causative wakili na annobar cutar da encephalitis da ciwon huhu da kuma yana da babban hali fatality kudi . Barkewar farko ta faru ne a kasar Malesiya-Singapore, dangane da hulda da aladu a wuraren yanka da kuma bullar cutar a kasar Philippines mai alaka da yankan dawakai, yawancin sauran bullar cutar sun shafi Indiya da [[Bangladesh]]. a Bangladesh ana alakanta barkewar barkewar cutar da shan danyen dabino da aka gurbata da miya da fitsarin jemagu na 'ya'yan itace.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Banerjee|first8=Ashutosh|pmc=6409114|issn=2186-3644|doi=10.5582/irdr.2018.01130|pages=1–8|issue=1|volume=8|journal=Intractable & Rare Diseases Research|title=Nipah virus disease: A rare and intractable disease|date=February 2019|first9=Naveet|last9=Wig|last8=Biswas|first1=Sayantan|first7=Manish|last7=Soneja|first6=Neeraj|last6=Nischal|first5=Yogiraj|last5=Ray|first4=Ankit|last4=Mittal|first3=Parul|last3=Kodan|first2=Nitin|last2=Gupta|pmid=30881850}}</ref> A cikin wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Rahoton Kimiyya, an yi amfani da samfurin hamster na [[Siriya]] don kamuwa da cutar Nipah, wanda ke kwatanta yawancin nau'o'in cututtukan mutane, irin su vasculitis, ciwon huhu, da kuma encephalitis. Magungunan hamsters sun kamu da kwayar cutar ta 10 ⁴ PFU NiV-M ta hanyar intraperitoneal (ip) mai kama da binciken da aka yi a baya kuma an fara magani nan da nan bayan kamuwa da cuta. Ana gudanar da Favipiravir sau biyu a rana ta hanyar peroral (po) na tsawon kwanaki 14. Magungunan hamsters da aka kula da su sun nuna tsira 100% kuma babu wata cuta ta zahiri bayan ƙalubalen NiV mai kisa, yayin da duk lamuran kulawa sun mutu da mummunar cuta.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dawes|first9=Takashi|pmid=29765101|pmc=5954062|issn=2045-2322|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-25780-3|pages=7604|issue=1|volume=8|journal=Scientific Reports|title=Favipiravir (T-705) protects against Nipah virus infection in the hamster model|date=15 May 2018|first11=Alexander N.|last11=Freiberg|first10=Yousuke|last10=Furuta|last9=Komeno|first1=Brian E.|first8=Benhur|last8=Lee|first7=Arnold|last7=Park|first6=Lihong|last6=Zhang|first5=Jennifer K.|last5=Smith|first4=Terry|last4=Juelich|first3=Tetsuro|last3=Ikegami|first2=Birte|last2=Kalveram|bibcode=2018NatSR...8.7604D}}</ref> A gwaje-gwajen a cikin dabbobi favipiravir ya nuna aiki da West Nile virus, rawaya zazzabi cutar, kafar-da-bakin cuta cutar, kazalika da sauran flaviviruses, arenaviruses, bunyaviruses da alphaviruses .<ref name="Furuta2">{{cite journal|vauthors=Furuta Y, Takahashi K, Shiraki K, Sakamoto K, Smee DF, Barnard DL, Gowen BB, Julander JG, Morrey JD|display-authors=6|title=T-705 (favipiravir) and related compounds: Novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of RNA viral infections|journal=Antiviral Research|volume=82|issue=3|pages=95–102|date=June 2009|pmid=19428599|pmc=7127082|doi=10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.198}}</ref> Har ila yau, an nuna aikin rigakafin cutar enterovirus<ref name="Furuta20132">{{cite journal|vauthors=Furuta Y, Gowen BB, Takahashi K, Shiraki K, Smee DF, Barnard DL|title=Favipiravir (T-705), a novel viral RNA polymerase inhibitor|journal=Antiviral Research|volume=100|issue=2|pages=446–54|date=November 2013|pmid=24084488|pmc=3880838|doi=10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.015}}</ref> da cutar zazzabin Rift Valley.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Caroline AL, Powell DS, Bethel LM, Oury TD, Reed DS, Hartman AL|title=Broad spectrum antiviral activity of favipiravir (T-705): protection from highly lethal inhalational Rift Valley Fever|journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases|volume=8|issue=4|pages=e2790|date=April 2014|pmid=24722586|pmc=3983105|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0002790}}</ref> Favipiravir ya nuna iyakacin inganci akan cutar Zika a cikin nazarin dabbobi, amma bai da tasiri fiye da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta kamar MK-608.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Mumtaz N, van Kampen JJ, Reusken CB, Boucher CA, Koopmans MP|title=Zika Virus: Where Is the Treatment?|journal=Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases|volume=8|issue=3|pages=208–211|year=2016|pmid=27547128|pmc=4969322|doi=10.1007/s40506-016-0083-7}}</ref> Har ila yau, wakilin ya nuna wani tasiri a kan ciwon huhu,<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Yamada K, Noguchi K, Komeno T, Furuta Y, Nishizono A|title=Efficacy of Favipiravir (T-705) in Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis|journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases|volume=213|issue=8|pages=1253–61|date=April 2016|pmid=26655300|pmc=4799667|doi=10.1093/infdis/jiv586}}</ref> kuma an yi amfani da shi ta gwaji a wasu mutanen da suka kamu da cutar.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Murphy J, Sifri CD, Pruitt R, Hornberger M, Bonds D, Blanton J, Ellison J, Cagnina RE, Enfield KB, Shiferaw M, Gigante C, Condori E, Gruszynski K, Wallace RM|display-authors=6|title=Human Rabies - Virginia, 2017|language=en-us|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=67|issue=5152|pages=1410–1414|date=January 2019|pmid=30605446|pmc=6334827|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm675152a2}}</ref> === Tautomerism === An bincika yuwuwar tautomerism na favipiravir ta hanyar lissafi. An gano cewa nau'i mai kama da enol ya fi kwanciyar hankali a cikin maganin ruwa fiye da nau'in keto-kamar, ma'ana cewa Favipiravir yana iya kasancewa kusan a cikin nau'i mai kama da enol a cikin maganin ruwa. Bayan protonation ana kunna nau'in keto. Duk da haka an yi watsi da waɗannan binciken tare da buƙatar tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar gwaji.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Antonov L|title=Favipiravir tautomerism: a theoretical insight|journal=Theoretical Chemistry Accounts|year=2020|volume=139|issue=8|page=145|doi=10.1007/s00214-020-02656-2|pmid=32834770|pmc=7415411|doi-access=free}}</ref><gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> File:Avigan-enol.jpg|Enol-kamar tautomeric form File:Avigan-keto.jpg|Keto-kamar tautomeric form </gallery> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == *  {{cite web|url=https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/favipiravir|publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine|work=Drug Information Portal|title=Favipiravir}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Covid-19]] [[Category:Shafuka masu Fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 875b17kz5r0q6j8dv5q2jxu3dvbpevm 0 28386 826989 826497 2026-04-27T10:54:21Z Mahuta 11340 826989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alhaji Idi Barde Gubana''' (Shekarar haihuwa; ranar ashirin da hudu 24 ga Watan Afrilu shekarar alif 1960) ya kasance ɗan siyasa ne a [[Najeriya]], wanda a halin yanzu shi ne mataimakin gwamnan. [[Jihar Yobe]] na yanzu gwamna [[Mai Mala Buni]] da aka zaɓa a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam'iyyar APC a shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha Tara 2019. An haife shi ne a garin [[Gubana]] na ƙaramar hukumar [[Fune]]. Ya fito ne daga jinsin al'ummar [[Karai-Karai (yare)|Karai-Karai]] kuma shi ne ke riƙe da muƙamin [[gargajiya]] na '''Wazirin Fune'''.<ref>https://www.today.ng/topic/idi-barde-gubana</ref> == Karatu == Barde, ya halarci makarantar firamare ta [[Daura]] a shekarar alif 1970 inda ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na farko a shekarar alif 1976, sannan ya yi makarantar sakandare a kwalejin malamai ta [[Borno]] daga shekara ta alif 1973 zuwa 1979 inda ya samu takardar kammala jarrabawar [[Afirka]] ta Yamma.<ref>https://www.channelstv.com/tag/alhaji-idi-barde-gubana</ref> Ya yi makarantar koyon zamantakewar jama'a a [[Jos]] a shekarar ta alif 1989 don samun digirin HND. Daga nan sai ya tafi jami'ar Borno (UNIMAID) sannan ya yi digirinsa na farko a fannin kasuwanci (gudanar da kasuwanci) sannan ya tafi Jami'ar Tarayya dake [[Jihar Borno]] inda ya samu digiri na biyu a shekarar ta dubu biyu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://onobello.com/tag/idi-barde-gubana |access-date=2022-01-01 |archive-date=2022-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101134349/https://onobello.com/tag/idi-barde-gubana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aiki == Ya yi aikin [[koyarwa]] a shekarar alif 1980 a makarantar firamare ta Dawayya sannan kuma a matsayin shugaban makaranta a makarantar firamare ta [[Gubana]] a shekarar alif 1982 zuwa 1984. A 1982 ya yi aiki a sashen [[noma]] a [[Ƙaramar Hukumar Fune]] ta [[jihar Yobe]]. Ya riƙe muƙamin shugaban sashen noma a sakateriyar ƙaramar hukumar [[Fika]].<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2021/09/01/yobe-apc-fixes-first-week-of-september-for-lgs-congress</ref> == Iyali da Addini == Barde ɗan [[Masarautar Gubana]] ne, yana da mata uku 3 da ’ya’ya ashirin da tara 29, Sannan kuma shi [[musulmi]] ne. == Siyasa== Idi Barde ya fara tafiyar siyasarsa ne a shekarar alif 1997 a lokacin da ya tsaya takara kuma ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙaramar hukumar Fune ya zauna ƙarkashin jam'iyyar tarayyar [[najeriya]] (United Nigeria Congress Party, UNCP), don wakiltar ƙaramar hukumar Fune. A shekara ta dubu biyu (2000) aka naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin riƙo a ƙaramar hukumar Fune har sau biyu zuwa 2003. Ya zama mai ba da taimako na musamman a ayyuka na musamman ga gwamnan jihar Yobe Bukar Abba Ibrahim a shekarar 2007, bayan nan kuma aka naɗa shi a matsayin kwamishina ma’aikatar gaskiya da riƙon amana da ci gaban karkara. A shekarar 2008 ya zama mataimaki na musamman a taron ƙasa domin banbance, a ƙarƙashin [[Bukar Ibrahim|Bukar]] Abba Ibrahim, sannan kuma ya kasance mataimakiyar dukiyar ƙasa a yankin arewa maso gabas ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar duk najeriya (All Nigeria Peoples Party, ANPP). A shekarar 2011 aka naɗa shi kwamishinan ma’aikatar noma ta jihar Yobe. An sake naɗa shi a matsayin kwamishinan ma’aikatar muhalli 2013, kwamishinan ma’aikatar kasafin kuɗi 2013, yayin da ayanzu yana matsayin mataimakin gwamnan jihar Yobe yafara 2019 zuwa yanzu.<ref>https://nigeriaelections.stearsng.com/state/YB/governor/2019</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category: Mutane daga Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category: 'yan siyasa]] [[Category: 'yan Najeriya]] [[Category: jihar Yobe]] [[Category: Karai-Karai]] 366czvzhsewabjq0qh5csejvv1ubpct 0 29952 826743 704659 2026-04-26T19:00:23Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar karni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a fadin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaki tsakanin kasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a karshen karni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaki == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin dan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaka da dan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan dan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka kwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bdq8sh34ho1fk515g2ru4hfhanvwdg5 826746 826743 2026-04-26T19:01:52Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar karni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a fadin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaki tsakanin kasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a karshen karni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaki == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin dan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaka da dan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan dan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka kwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p8ylbbxj9cgf69wz26mc0fw2eoi9gnp 826748 826746 2026-04-26T19:02:32Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar karni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaki tsakanin kasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a karshen karni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaki == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin dan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaka da dan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan dan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka kwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jc4kuze04d5xwkd39nidcaan2bpfmnn 826750 826748 2026-04-26T19:04:11Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaki tsakanin kasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a karshen karni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaki == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin dan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaka da dan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan dan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka kwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8376rr8bz0q2j3pl1v50y9inrz9xd6o 826753 826750 2026-04-26T19:04:48Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaki tsakanin kasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a karshen karni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin dan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaka da dan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan dan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka kwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8t8li6jvwffbyetkxq8gyx8xw9b3xe4 826754 826753 2026-04-26T19:05:26Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaki tsakanin kasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a karshen karni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin dan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaka da dan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka kwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1xu19msb603s3j3w7bnmp6jxwnwc4li 826758 826754 2026-04-26T19:16:13Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaki tsakanin ƙasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a karshen karni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin dan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaka da dan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka kwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3mbsupkrj69j2vck7mlsrluu67xtpsg 826759 826758 2026-04-26T19:17:15Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaki tsakanin ƙasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a ƙarshen karni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin dan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaka da dan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka kwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7mz6iqfoh5cahvqzkwoytwljyz1mzcg 826760 826759 2026-04-26T19:17:45Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaki tsakanin ƙasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin dan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaka da dan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka kwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4bunc89ypwyzi77ypwwimlmvyy1qbc1 826761 826760 2026-04-26T19:18:24Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaki tsakanin ƙasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin dan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaƙa da dan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka kwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1yxzmhvhdlwfa53rbcy2n8j9f05eu3s 826762 826761 2026-04-26T19:19:02Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaki tsakanin ƙasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin Ɗan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaƙa da dan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka kwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lr31itik0ctkloen6zatexa2z8vb4na 826763 826762 2026-04-26T19:19:56Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaki tsakanin ƙasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin Ɗan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaƙa da dan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka ƙwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mnelrwpa5dzhzdg78ac7qdwa0c21o7w 826764 826763 2026-04-26T19:20:33Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaki tsakanin ƙasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin Ɗan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa Ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaƙa da dan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka ƙwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dkhtg6wb8dhppbwacfze1k1kr5gdr7j 826765 826764 2026-04-26T19:20:57Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaƙi tsakanin ƙasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin Ɗan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa Ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaƙa da dan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka ƙwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r54xwfau6z8m4cjf3zgwugqnnhir2bw 826766 826765 2026-04-26T19:21:47Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaƙi tsakanin ƙasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin Ɗan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa Ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaƙa da Ɗan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka ƙwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2mi7erq55gv0qh7fn4f9t1wvlao8vzw 826767 826766 2026-04-26T19:24:16Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaƙi tsakanin ƙasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin Ɗan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa Ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan kungiyar da ke da alaƙa da Ɗan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan Ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka ƙwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kfppo83dzmax2pm5nebqyq8kietr52c 826768 826767 2026-04-26T19:26:11Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaƙi tsakanin ƙasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin Ɗan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa Ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan ƙungiyar da ke da alaƙa da Ɗan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan Ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan dan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka ƙwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 401vxaem1u55dqe7k1vaedweqeia64t 826769 826768 2026-04-26T19:28:38Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaƙi tsakanin ƙasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin Ɗan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa Ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan ƙungiyar da ke da alaƙa da Ɗan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan Ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan Ɗan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka ƙwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya nada sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] atqyngyu7w6qc0cfcgymip4bx3q82tr 826770 826769 2026-04-26T19:32:29Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaƙi tsakanin ƙasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin Ɗan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa Ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan ƙungiyar da ke da alaƙa da Ɗan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan Ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan Ɗan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin dan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka ƙwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya naɗa sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kwd9d9cxpx2g3ro6bx3kus2faciclof 826771 826770 2026-04-26T19:33:54Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaƙi tsakanin ƙasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin Ɗan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa Ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan ƙungiyar da ke da alaƙa da Ɗan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan Ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan Ɗan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin dan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin Ɗan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka ƙwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya naɗa sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jmjmjnqlbemuu7oupswqosogksar5z9 826772 826771 2026-04-26T19:35:02Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 826772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jahadin Sakkwato''' na shekara ta 1804 zuwa shekarar 1808, wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Jihadin Jamaa''' ko '''Jihadin Usman ɗan Fodio''', juyin juya hali ne a [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] a yau. Yaƙin ya fara ne a lokacin da wani babban malamin addinin [[musulunci]] kuma malami [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]], daya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibansa Sarki [[Yumfa|Yunfa]] ya kore shi daga [[Gobir]]. [[Usman Dan Fodiyo]] ya haɗa runduna ta Musulunci domin jagorantar [[jihadi]] da sarkin [[Gobir]] na Arewacin [[Najeriya]]. A hankali ne sojojin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]] suka mamaye daular [[Gobir]], inda suka kame Gobir a shekarar 1808, suka kuma kashe Yunfa. Yakin ya kuma haifar da kafa Daular Usmaniyya [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto]], ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman Danfodiyo]], wadda ta zama daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a [[Afirka|Afrika]] a ƙarni na 19. Nasarar da ya yi ta zaburar da irin wannan jihadi a yammacin [[Afirka]]. == Fage == [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta kuma kasance mai ƙarfi a yankin tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Sakamakon haka shi ne koma bayan wasu masarautun Hausa masu cin gashin kansu a faɗin yankin. Wanda Sheikh Al'amin El-kanemi ya sha kaye a Masarautar [[Hausa]] guda biyu sune Gobir da [[Zamfara]]. <ref name=Maishanu>{{cite journal|author1=Hamza Muhammad Maishanu|author2=Isa Muhammad Maishanu|title=The Jihad and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate|journal=Islamic Studies|year=1999|volume=38|issue=1|pages=119–131|url=http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102042332/http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/gsdl/collect/islamics/import/v38i16.pdf|archive-date=January 2, 2018|jstor=20837029}}</ref> Haka nan [[daular Kanem-Bornu]] ta yi galaba a kan Usman Dan fodio tare da kame shi, to amma yaƙi tsakanin ƙasashen [[Hausa]] da sauran jahohin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, wanda ya haifar da tsangwama na shiga aikin soja da haraji. Kuma daga baya Sheik Al’amin Elkanemi Fulanin da galibinsu makiyaya ne, sun kasance masu fama da harajin [[Hausawa]], sarrafa filaye, da sauran ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda.<ref name=Chafe>{{cite journal|last=Chafe|first=Kabiru Sulaiman|title=Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination|journal=Paideuma|year=1994|volume=40|pages=99–109}}</ref> == Kai har zuwa yaƙi == [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1754, ya shiga cikin manyan malaman addinin musulunci masu tafiye-tafiye a cikin daular Hausa a shekarun 1770 kuma ya shahara a shekarun 1790.<ref name=Maishanu/> Tun asali wa’azin Ɗan Fodio ya samu goyon bayan shugabancin [[Gobir]]; duk da haka, yayin da tasirinsa ya karu kuma yayin da ya fara ba da shawarar kare kansa daga magoya bayansa, yardarsa ga jagoranci ya ragu. Sarkin [[Gobir]] Nafata, Sarkin [[Gobir]], ya sanya takura wa wa’azin dan Fodio. <ref name="Maishanu" /> A shekara ta 1801, Sarkin [[Gobir]] [[Yumfa|Yunfa]], tsohon almajiri dan Fodio, ya maye gurbin Nafata a matsayin sarkin Gobir. Duk da haka, Yunfa ya kuma ƙara wa Ɗan Fodio takunkumi tare da fitar da shi daga Gobir zuwa ƙauyen Degel.<ref name=Maishanu/> Rikici ya taso daga baya a cikin shekarata 1803 lokacin da Yunfa ya kai hari tare da kama da yawa daga cikin mabiyan ƙungiyar da ke da alaƙa da Ɗan Fodio. Daga nan sai Yunfa ya zarce da fursunoni ta hanyar Degel, inda ya fusata da yawa daga cikin mabiyan Ɗan Fodio, inda suka far wa sojoji suka sako fursunonin. Yunfa ya baiwa ɗan Fodio zabin gudun hijira kafin ya halaka Degel, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira mai girma da al'ummar dan ''[[Hijira|Fodio]]'' suka yi zuwa [[Gudu]]. Don haka mutane da yawa sun tafi tare da dan Fodio a duk fadin jihar cewa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1804, Yunfa ya kuma ƙaddamar da yaki da dan Fodio tare da yin barazanar hukunta duk wanda ya shiga tare da shi. <ref name="Maishanu"/> Mabiyan Ɗan Fodio sun bayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amirul Muminin]], kwamandan muminai, kuma sun yi tir da mubaya'arsu ga [[Gobir]]. == Yaƙe-yaƙe == Ƙananan gwabzawa da dama ne suka yi gabanin taron sojojin da suka yi a yakin Tsuntua. Duk da cewa Yunfa ya yi nasara kuma dan Fodio ya rasa mazaje da dama, amma yakin bai rage karfinsa ba. Ya kuma mayar da martani da kame kauyen [[Matankari]], wanda kuma ya haifar da yakin Tafkin Kwattoa, wani babban mataki ne tsakanin dakarun Yunfa da dan Fodio. Duk da cewa sun fi yawa, amma sojojin Ɗan Fodio sun iya hana Yunfa gaba da Gunu, kuma ta haka ne suka shawo kan dimbin jama'a su shiga rundunarsa. A cikin shekarar 1805, sojojin Ɗan Fodio, masu ''jihadi'', sun kwace masarautar Hausa ta [[Kebbi]]. A shekara ta 1807 masu jihadi suka mamaye [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] wanda sarkinsu Magajin Halidu ya kashe kansa bayan shan kaye.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Forde|first1=Daryll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLJqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Magajin+Halidu&pg=PT126|title=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|last2=Kaberry|first2=P. M.|date=2018-10-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-95851-9|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan suka ƙwace masarautar Kano wadda aka tilastawa sarkinta ( Muhammad Alwali II ) ya gudu zuwa [[Zazzau]], sai kauyen Burum-Burum inda nan da nan aka kashe shi a yaki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=M. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf0-EAAAQBAJ&dq=alwali+burum+burum&pg=PT210|title=Government In Kano, 1350-1950|date=2021-12-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-72118-2|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarata 1808, masu jihadi suka far wa Gobir, inda suka kashe Yunfa a Yakin Alkalawa, tare da ruguza sassa da dama na birnin. Sannan kuma [[Abdullahi dan Fodio]] shi ma ya karbi ragamar [[masarautar Kebbi]] a wannan shekarar. Da kame [[Gobir]], masu jihadi suka ga cewa suna cikin faffadan gwagwarmayar yankin. Sun ci gaba da yakar sarakunan [[Hausawa]] da dama, kuma [[daular Sokoto]] ta fadada cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Babban fadada na karshe na masu jihadi shi ne kifar da daular Sayfawa a shekara ta 1846. == Kafa Daular Sokoto == [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammed Bello]], dan [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman ɗan Fodio]], ya kuma mayar da sansanin zama na dindindin na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] a shekarar 1809, a lokacin yakin Fulani. Ɗan Fodio ya yi sarauta daga [[Sakkwato]] a matsayin shugaban addini na [[Jihadin Fulani]] tun daga wancan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 1815, lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga aikin gudanarwa.<ref name=Boyd>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Jean|title=Pastoralists of the West African Savanna|year=1986|publisher=International African Institute|location=Manchester, UK|editor=Mahdi Adamu}}</ref> Halifanci ya naɗa sarakuna daban-daban don gudanar da jahohin daular. Su dai waɗannan mutanen sun kasance jiga-jigan yakin Fulani. == Gado == Nasarar jihadin ya zaburar da wasu masu jihadi na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] daga baya, wadanda suka hada da wanda ya kafa [[Masarautar Massina]] [[Shehu Ahmadu|Seku Amadu]], wanda ya kafa Daular Toucouleur [[Umar Taal|Umar Tall]], wanda kuma ya kafa Daular Wassoulou Samori Ture, da kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar [[Masarautar Adamawa|Adamawa]] [[Modibo Adama]]. [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] ta ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Tun lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na [[Ingila]] suka mamaye Halifanci a shekarar 1903, sannan daga bisani [[Najeriya]] ta samu ƴancin kai a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1960, ƙarfin siyasar Khalifanci ya ragu. Amma matsayin har yanzu yana da babban iko na ruhaniya.<ref name=Chafe/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sokoto (jiha)]] [[Category:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h0s43aeaz796l0hnaujbqskwk7rv8ag 0 33103 826967 499249 2026-04-27T10:21:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox ethnic group||group=Gidan Isra'ila|image=|population=c. 200 (est.)|popplace=200 a [[Ghana]]<ref name="Ghana's House of Israel">[http://www.jewishtribune.ca/features/2012/12/14/ghanas-house-of-israel-descendents-of-lost-tribes Shlomo Kasputin, "Ghana's House of Israel, descendents of lost tribes?"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219025027/http://www.jewishtribune.ca/features/2012/12/14/ghanas-house-of-israel-descendents-of-lost-tribes |date=2012-12-19 }}<!-- archieved URL has potential virus. Checked June 2020 -->, ''Jewish Tribune'', December 2012, accessed 22 May 2013</ref>|langs=Harsunan tsakiyar Tano, Farasanci, Turanci|rels=Yahudanci|related=[[Mutanen Sefwi]]}} [[Fayil:House of Israel entrance.JPG|thumb|Gidan Isra'ila ]] '''Gidan Isra'ila''' ƙabilar [[Yahudawa]] ce da ke kudu maso yammacin [[Ghana]], a cikin garuruwan Sefwi Wiawso da Sefwi Sui. Wannan rukunin mutanen, na kabilar Sefwi, sun gina majami’a a shekara ta alif 1998. Yawancin maza da yara da yawa suna karanta [[Turanci]], amma ba wanda ya san Ibrananci.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ghana-virtual-jewish-history-tour|title=Ghana Virtual Jewish History Tour|publisher=[[Jewish Virtual Library]]|accessdate=2022-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thecjn.ca/perspectives/lost-jews-ghana/|title=The lost Jews of Ghana|publisher=[[Canadian Jewish News]]|accessdate=2022-04-03}}</ref> == Tarihin Yahudawa a Ghana == Mutanen Sefwi Wiawso sun gano wani kira na “komawa” zuwa addinin Yahudanci na yau da kullun na Aaron Ahomtre Toakyirafa, shugaban al’umma wanda, a cikin 1976, aka ce yana da hangen nesa. A cikin 2012, Gabrielle Zilkha, mai shirya fina-finai na Toronto, ta ziyarci Sefwe Wiawso don yin bincike don wani shirin gaskiya game da Gidan Isra'ila da take yi. A cewar Zilkha, kusan mutane 200 - galibi yara - suna zaune a cikin al'umma. Ta bayyana cewa rashin samun bayanan tarihi ya sa da wuya a iya tabbatar da ikirarin kungiyar, amma akwai wata al’ada ta baka wadda ta shafe shekaru 200 ana yi. A cikin 1990s, gidan Isra'ila ya fara isa ga duniya Yahudawa. Al'ummar sun yi aiki da ƙungiyoyin Yahudawa kamar Kulanu da Be'chol Lashon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/ghanas-deep-spirituality-points-some-joyfully-back-to-judaism/|title=Ghana’s deep spirituality points some, joyfully, back to Judaism|publisher=[[The Times of Israel]]|accessdate=2022-04-03}}</ref> Wata karamar al'ummar Yahudawa daga gidan Isra'ila tana zaune a Sefwi Sui, wata karamar al'ummar noma da ke mil ashirin daga Sefwi Wiawso.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scatteredamongthenations.org/ghana|title=The House of Israel|publisher=Scattered Among the Nations|accessdate=2022-04-03}}</ref> Shugaban gidan Isra'ila tun 1993, David Ahenkorah ya sami nasa hangen nesa na ɗaukar alkyabbar.<ref name="west">{{cite news|url=http://www.forward.com/articles/2143/|title=In West Africa, a Synagogue Where the Pavement Ends|work=Forward|publisher=[[The Forward]]|date=2005-10-28|accessdate=2012-10-09}}</ref> An ba shi fili mai girman eka 40 don gina makarantar Yahudawa ga al’umma, amma har yanzu ba su sami damar yin aikin gini ba. Yara a halin yanzu suna zuwa makarantar gida, wanda kiristoci ke gudanarwa. Sun gina majami'a a cikin 1998 a New Adiembra, unguwar Yahudawa a Sefwi Wiawso. Kwanan nan, sun zana shi shuɗi da fari, launuka na Isra'ila.<ref name="west" /> Akwai rukunin iyali da yawa a kusa kuma kusan mutane 200 suna cikin majami'ar.<ref name="west" /> Majami'ar ɗaki ɗaya ce mai ƙaramin Attaura Sefer. Babu mechitza.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/jewniverse/2016/bet-you-didnt-know-about-the-jews-of-sefwi-wiawso-ghana|title=Bet You Didn’t Know About the Jews of Sefwi Wiawso, Ghana|publisher=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]|accessdate=2022-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kulanu.org/communities/ghana/visit-jewish-community-sefwi-wiawso-ghana/|title=A VISIT TO THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF SEFWI WIAWSO, GHANA|publisher=[[Kulanu]]|accessdate=2022-04-03|archive-date=2022-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403110412/https://kulanu.org/communities/ghana/visit-jewish-community-sefwi-wiawso-ghana/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == fu0rvquowh3i4r4hv3ixw6skp4sab4l 0 33714 826680 183647 2026-04-26T15:51:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 826680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ocholi Abel Edicha''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Mayun 1979) ɗan wasan Badminton ne na [[Najeriya]].<ref>"Players: [[Ocholi Edicha]]. bwfbadminton.com. [[Badminton]] World Federation. Retrieved 2 December 2016.</ref> Shi ne wanda ya lashe lambar zinare na maza a 2003 All-Africa Games,<ref>"[[Badminton]] in [[Najeriya|Nigeria]]. badminton.sitesng.com. Retrieved 4 September 2019.</ref> kuma a cikin taron gamayyar ƙungiyoyi a shekarar 2007.<ref>All Africa Games 2007 Alger (Algérie). www.africa-badminton.com (in French). Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2019.</ref> Ya yi takara a shekarar 2002 da 2010 Commonwealth Games.<ref>Badminton successes for [[Northern Ireland]] and African nations". m2002.thecgf.com. [[Manchester]] 2002. Retrieved 2 December 2016.</ref><ref>[[Ocholi Edicha]]. cwgdelhi2010.infostradasports.com. [[New Delhi]] 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2016.</ref> Edicha ya fara aikinsa na wasan badminton tun yana matashi. Da taimakon mahaifinsa, ya shiga majalisar wasanni ta Enugu. Sojojin Najeriya ne suka dauke shi aiki a shekarar 1996, ya shafe shekaru 23. Ya daina buga wa kasarsa wasa bayan 2010 a gasar New Delhi Commonwealth Games.<ref>Olusesan, Ajibade (27 April 2019). "Mum starved me because of badminton–AAG gold medallist, [[Ocholi Edicha]]. www.newtelegraphng.com. New Telegraph. Retrieved 4 September 2019.</ref> == Nasarori == === Wasannin Afirka duka === ''Men's single'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Shekara ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako |- style="background:#FFB069" | align="center" | 2003 | align="left" | Indoor Sports Halls National Stadium, [[Abuja|Abuja, Nigeria]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Ola Fagbemi]] | align="left" | -,- | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[File:Med_1.png]]</img> '''Zinariya''' |} ''Men's double'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Shekara ! Wuri ! Abokin tarayya ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako |- style="background:#FFB069" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | Salle OMS El Biar,<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> [[Aljir|Aljeriya, Aljeriya]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Jinkan Ifraimu]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|}}</img><br /><br /><br /><br />{{Flagicon|}}</img> | align="left" | -,- | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[File:Med_3.png]]</img> '''Tagulla''' |} === Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka === ''Men's double'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Shekara ! Wuri ! Abokin tarayya ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako |- style="background:#ECF2FF" | align="center" | 2010 | align="left" | Raba Cibiyar Matasa,<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> [[Kampala|Kampala, Uganda]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Ibrahim Adamu]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Jinkan Ifraimu]]<br /><br /><br /><br />{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Ola Fagbemi]] | align="left" | 12–21, 21–16, 14–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[File:Med_2.png]]</img> '''Azurfa''' |- |- style="background:#ECF2FF" | align="center" | 2002 | align="left" | [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca, Morocco]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Ola Fagbemi]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|MRI}}</img> [[Stephan Beeharry]]<br /><br /><br /><br />{{Flagicon|MRI}}</img> [[Denis Constantin]] | align="left" | 1–7, 1–7, 1–7 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[File:Med_3.png]]</img> '''Tagulla''' |} ''Mixed single'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Shekara ! Wuri ! Abokin tarayya ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako |- style="background:#ECF2FF" | align="center" | 2000 | align="left" | Zauren Wasanni Mai Manufa Da yawa,<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> [[Bauchi (birni)|Bauchi]], [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Grace Daniel]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|MRI}}</img> [[Denis Constantin]]<br /><br /><br /><br />{{Flagicon|MRI}}</img> [[Selvon Marudamuthu]] | align="left" | 14–17, 17–15, 7–15 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[File:Med_3.png]]</img> '''Tagulla''' |} === Kalubale/Series na BWF na Duniya === ''Men's double'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Shekara ! Gasar ! Abokin tarayya ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako |- style="background:#E9E9E9" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | Kenya International | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Ibrahim Otagada]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Kenneth Omoruyi]]<br /><br /><br /><br />{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Olorunfemi Elewa]] | align="left" | 21–18, 12–21, 21–19 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |</img> '''Nasara''' |- |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2002 | align="left" | Nigeria International | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Dotun Akinsanya]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|JPN}}</img> [[Yuichi Ikeda]]<br /><br /><br /><br />{{Flagicon|JPN}}</img> [[Shoji Sato]] | align="left" | 3–15, 1–15 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |</img> '''Mai tsere''' |} : {{Color box|#D8CEF6}} [[Kalubalen Duniya na BWF|BWF International Challenge]] tournament : {{Color box|#D5D5D5}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament : {{Color box|#E9E9E9}} [[BWF Future Series]] tournament == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Ocholi Edicha at BWF.tournamentsoftware.com [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Badminton]] gtdzp3kork4uz3ka0hgvhfgwi6kmmsj 826681 826680 2026-04-26T15:51:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 826681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ocholi Abel Edicha''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Mayun 1979) ya kasance ɗan wasan Badminton ne na [[Najeriya]].<ref>"Players: [[Ocholi Edicha]]. bwfbadminton.com. [[Badminton]] World Federation. Retrieved 2 December 2016.</ref> Shi ne wanda ya lashe lambar zinare na maza a 2003 All-Africa Games,<ref>"[[Badminton]] in [[Najeriya|Nigeria]]. badminton.sitesng.com. Retrieved 4 September 2019.</ref> kuma a cikin taron gamayyar ƙungiyoyi a shekarar 2007.<ref>All Africa Games 2007 Alger (Algérie). www.africa-badminton.com (in French). Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2019.</ref> Ya yi takara a shekarar 2002 da 2010 Commonwealth Games.<ref>Badminton successes for [[Northern Ireland]] and African nations". m2002.thecgf.com. [[Manchester]] 2002. Retrieved 2 December 2016.</ref><ref>[[Ocholi Edicha]]. cwgdelhi2010.infostradasports.com. [[New Delhi]] 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2016.</ref> Edicha ya fara aikinsa na wasan badminton tun yana matashi. Da taimakon mahaifinsa, ya shiga majalisar wasanni ta Enugu. Sojojin Najeriya ne suka dauke shi aiki a shekarar 1996, ya shafe shekaru 23. Ya daina buga wa kasarsa wasa bayan 2010 a gasar New Delhi Commonwealth Games.<ref>Olusesan, Ajibade (27 April 2019). "Mum starved me because of badminton–AAG gold medallist, [[Ocholi Edicha]]. www.newtelegraphng.com. New Telegraph. Retrieved 4 September 2019.</ref> == Nasarori == === Wasannin Afirka duka === ''Men's single'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Shekara ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako |- style="background:#FFB069" | align="center" | 2003 | align="left" | Indoor Sports Halls National Stadium, [[Abuja|Abuja, Nigeria]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Ola Fagbemi]] | align="left" | -,- | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[File:Med_1.png]]</img> '''Zinariya''' |} ''Men's double'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Shekara ! Wuri ! Abokin tarayya ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako |- style="background:#FFB069" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | Salle OMS El Biar,<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> [[Aljir|Aljeriya, Aljeriya]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Jinkan Ifraimu]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|}}</img><br /><br /><br /><br />{{Flagicon|}}</img> | align="left" | -,- | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[File:Med_3.png]]</img> '''Tagulla''' |} === Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka === ''Men's double'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Shekara ! Wuri ! Abokin tarayya ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako |- style="background:#ECF2FF" | align="center" | 2010 | align="left" | Raba Cibiyar Matasa,<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> [[Kampala|Kampala, Uganda]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Ibrahim Adamu]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Jinkan Ifraimu]]<br /><br /><br /><br />{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Ola Fagbemi]] | align="left" | 12–21, 21–16, 14–21 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[File:Med_2.png]]</img> '''Azurfa''' |- |- style="background:#ECF2FF" | align="center" | 2002 | align="left" | [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca, Morocco]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Ola Fagbemi]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|MRI}}</img> [[Stephan Beeharry]]<br /><br /><br /><br />{{Flagicon|MRI}}</img> [[Denis Constantin]] | align="left" | 1–7, 1–7, 1–7 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[File:Med_3.png]]</img> '''Tagulla''' |} ''Mixed single'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Shekara ! Wuri ! Abokin tarayya ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako |- style="background:#ECF2FF" | align="center" | 2000 | align="left" | Zauren Wasanni Mai Manufa Da yawa,<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> [[Bauchi (birni)|Bauchi]], [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Grace Daniel]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|MRI}}</img> [[Denis Constantin]]<br /><br /><br /><br />{{Flagicon|MRI}}</img> [[Selvon Marudamuthu]] | align="left" | 14–17, 17–15, 7–15 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |[[File:Med_3.png]]</img> '''Tagulla''' |} === Kalubale/Series na BWF na Duniya === ''Men's double'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Shekara ! Gasar ! Abokin tarayya ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako |- style="background:#E9E9E9" | align="center" | 2007 | align="left" | Kenya International | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Ibrahim Otagada]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Kenneth Omoruyi]]<br /><br /><br /><br />{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Olorunfemi Elewa]] | align="left" | 21–18, 12–21, 21–19 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |</img> '''Nasara''' |- |- style="background:#D5D5D5" | align="center" | 2002 | align="left" | Nigeria International | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}}</img> [[Dotun Akinsanya]] | align="left" |{{Flagicon|JPN}}</img> [[Yuichi Ikeda]]<br /><br /><br /><br />{{Flagicon|JPN}}</img> [[Shoji Sato]] | align="left" | 3–15, 1–15 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |</img> '''Mai tsere''' |} : {{Color box|#D8CEF6}} [[Kalubalen Duniya na BWF|BWF International Challenge]] tournament : {{Color box|#D5D5D5}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament : {{Color box|#E9E9E9}} [[BWF Future Series]] tournament == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Ocholi Edicha at BWF.tournamentsoftware.com [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Badminton]] i1123krotm81ma5u2sgnz8u5n5xat9l 0 34315 826722 509658 2026-04-26T17:58:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Mikell Everette (26424357844).jpg|thumb]] '''Everette Brown''' (an haifeshi ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, 1987). Ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka, kuma tsohon mai ba da baya wanda a halin yanzu shine mataimakin kocin layi na Carolina Panthers na National Football League (NFL). Ya buga wasan kwallon kafa na kwaleji a jihar Florida kuma Carolina Panthers ne ya tsara shi a zagaye na biyu na 2009 NFL Draft. Brown kuma ya taka leda a San Diego Chargers, Detroit Lions, Philadelphia Eagles, Dallas Cowboys, da Washington Redskins. == Shekarun farko == Brown ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Beddingfield a Wilson, North Carolina, inda ya kammala karatunsa a 2005. Ya kasance tauraron wasanni biyu a kwallon kafa da kuma waƙa. A cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na makarantar sakandare, ya yi rikodin abubuwan 120 tare da buhu 16 a matsayin babba. Brown ya kuma kama wucewa 40 don yadudduka 770 da ƙwanƙwasa 10 a matsayin ƙarshen ƙarewa. Ya taka leda a wasan Shrine Bowl All-Star. Har ila yau, ɗan wasan tsere da filin wasa, Brown ya kasance ɗan takarar neman cancantar jiha a cikin wasannin tsere. Ya kama kambun jiha a gasar tseren mita 200 a gasar NCHSAA 1A T&F ta 2002, yana yin rikodin mafi kyawun lokacin aiki na daƙiƙa 22.2. A Gasar Cin Kofin NCHSAA 1A T&F na 2003, ya ɗauki matsayi na 9 a tseren mita 100 (11.5 s), 5th a tseren mita 200 (22.7 s) da 9th a cikin babban tsalle (5).&nbsp;ft 10 in). <ref>http://www.cfpitiming.com/2003%20outdoor%20season/NCHSAA%201&3A%202003/NCHSAA%201A%20boys%20results%202003.htm</ref> La'akari a matsayin hudu-star daukar ma'aikata da ''Rivals.com'', Brown aka jera a matsayin No. 3 weakside kare kare al'amura a cikin aji. <ref>https://sports.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/recruiting/rankings/rank-893</ref> Da yake karɓar tayin da yawa, ya ɗauki ziyarar hukuma zuwa Jihar Florida, North Carolina, da Virginia Tech, kafin ƙaddamar da Seminoles. == Sana'ar wasa == === Kwalejin === Brown ja-shirt a cikin 2005. A cikin 2006 Brown ya kasance Freshman All-America da All-ACC Freshman tawagar girmamawa ta ''The Sporting News'' . Ya buga dukkan wasanni 13 yayin da ya fara wasanni uku. Ya gama na takwas a cikin ƙungiyar kuma na biyu a tsakanin sabbin 'yan Seminole (a bayan Freshman All-American mai karrama Myron Rolle ) a cikin gwagwarmaya tare da 27. Ya kasance na biyu a cikin ƙungiyar a cikin abubuwan da ba za a iya cirewa ba tare da 13.5 kuma an ɗaure na uku a ƙungiyar tare da buhunan kwata uku. Sakin sa na biyu na 2007 ya kasance mai farawa a matsayin karshen tsaron hagu inda ya sami aiki-mafi girma na farawa takwas na kakar wasa kuma ya yi rikodin farawa ɗaya a gefen dama. Ya jagoranci tawagar a cikin buhuna, kuma ya jagoranci duk masu tsaron gida a cikin takalmi da takalmi don asara yayin da ya kammala aiki na kaka-kaka-mafi girman 37, aiki na kakar wasa guda-babban buhunan kwata-kwata na 6.5 da 11.5 tackles don rage yawan yardage. A cikin 2008, ya kasance farkon Seminoles a daidai matsayin ƙarshen tsaro a cikin kowane wasannin 13 yayin lokacin 2008 na yau da kullun. Ya sami lambar yabo ta All-Amurka ta Biyu ta ƙungiyar Rivals.com, Associated Press, Scout.com da Walter Camp Foundation. Shi ne kuma wanda ya zo na biyu a matsayin gwarzon dan wasan ACC da ya zo na biyu a matsayin Gwarzon Dan Wasan Kare ACC. Brown shine lambar yabo ta ƙungiyar farko ta All-ACC., ɗan wasan ƙarshe na lambar yabo ta Ted Hendricks. Ya gama kakar wasa ta uku a cikin al'umma a cikin buhu (13.5) kuma ya ɗaure na huɗu a cikin FBS don magance asara (21.5). Shi ne jagoran tawagar haka kuma jagoran ACC tare da babban aiki na 21.5 don asara da kuma jagoran ƙungiyar tare da manyan buhunan kwata-kwata na 13.5. Ya gama na biyu a tarihin makaranta da maki 46.5 don asara. kuma yana matsayi na uku a kowane lokaci don lokaci guda tare da buhunan kwata-kwata 13.5 da na biyar duk lokaci tare da buhunan kwata-kwata na 23.0. Kammala kakar tare da tsayawa 36 tare da babban aiki-high 30 mara taimako da jimlar 36. Ya kammala FSU tare da 100 aiki tackles a cikin kawai yanayi uku. === Kididdigar sana'a === {| class="wikitable" !SHEKARA ! KUNGIYAR ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! |- | 2005 | Jihar Florida | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | 2006 | Jihar Florida | 13 | 3 | 16 | 11 | 27 | 13.5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | 2007 | Jihar Florida | 13 | 13 | 24 | 13 | 37 | 11.5 | 6.5 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 |- | 2008 | Jihar Florida | 13 | 13 | 30 | 6 | 36 | 21.5 | 13.5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Jimlar | 41 | 29 | 70 | 30 | 100 | 46.5 | 23.0 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 0 |} == Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa == ==== 2009 NFL Draft ==== Bayan da ya riga ya sami digiri na kwaleji, Brown ya yanke shawarar barin lokacin cancantarsa na ƙarshe kuma ya shiga 2009 NFL Draft. <ref>[http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/draft09/news/story?id=3816004 Florida State Seminoles Speed-Rusher Brown to Enter NFL Draft] ESPN.com, January 7, 2009</ref> An yi la'akari da Brown a matsayin "cikakken dacewa a matsayin mai sauri-linebacker a cikin tsarin 3-4 " ta ''ESPN'' 's Todd McShay . An lissafta shi a {{Convert|6|ft|4|in|m|2}} ta jagorar watsa labarai ta Jihar Florida, amma ya zama ƙasa da {{Convert|6|ft|2|in|m|2}} a NFL Haɗa.{{nfl predraft|height ft=6|height in=1½|weight=256|dash=4.65|ten split=1.59|twenty split=2.68|shuttle=4.53|cone drill=7.55|vertical=31½|broad ft=9|broad in=9|bench=26|wonderlic=21|arm span=|hand span=|note=All values from [[NFL Combine]], except "Broad", which is from Florida State Pro Day.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nfldraftscout.com/ratings/dsprofile.php?pyid=56569&draftyear=2009&genpos=DE | title=Everette Brown | date=March 25, 2009 | accessdate=April 16, 2009 | work=NFL Draft Scout.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.profootballweekly.com/PFW/NFLDraft/Draft+Extras/2009/wwhi042109.htm |title=The Way We Hear It — draft edition |first=Nolan |last=Nawrocki |work=Pro Football Weekly website |date=April 21, 2009 |accessdate=April 25, 2009 }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}} ==== Carolina Panthers ==== Asalin da aka yi hasashen zaɓen daftarin zagaye na farko, Brown ya ga daftarin hannun jarinsa na faɗuwa saboda tambayoyi game da girmansa. Panthers ya zaɓe shi 43rd gabaɗaya a zagaye na biyu ta hanyar Panthers, waɗanda suka yi cinikin 2010 NFL Draft zagaye na farko zuwa San Francisco 49ers don samun wannan zaɓin. Tare da Julius Peppers har yanzu yana neman ciniki, Brown ya koma gefen dama na kare kariya a watan Yuni 2009. A farkon lokacin NFL na farko, Brown ya yi rikodin jimlar 22 jimlar tackles (solo 15), buhu 2.5 da 2 tilasta fumbles. A ranar 4 ga Satumba, 2011, Carolina ta yi watsi da Brown bayan yin rikodin buhu 6 a cikin yanayi biyu. ==== San Diego Chargers ==== Brown ya sanya hannu tare da San Diego Chargers a kan Nuwamba 1, 2011. An sake shi a ranar 13 ga Maris, 2012. ==== Detroit Lions ==== Brown ya sanya hannu tare da Detroit Lions a kan Maris 22, 2012. <ref>[http://www.freep.com/article/20120322/SPORTS01/120322075/everette-brown-detroit-lions?odyssey=nav%7Chead Report: Lions sign DE Everette Brown]</ref> ==== Philadelphia Eagles ==== Brown ya sanya hannu tare da Philadelphia Eagles a ranar 2 ga Janairu, 2013. An sake shi a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 2013. ==== Dallas Cowboys ==== Brown ya sanya hannu tare da Dallas Cowboys a kan Oktoba 29, 2013. A wasansa na farko na Cowboys kwanaki biyar bayan haka, ya yi rajistar buhu a kan Minnesota Vikings 's quarterback Christian Ponder a nasarar Cowboys' 27-23. Cowboys sun saki Brown a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2014. ==== Washington Redskins ==== Brown ya sanya hannu tare da Washington Redskins a kan Yuli 28, 2014, kwana na biyar na sansanin horo, bayan da aka saki a waje linebacker Brandon Jenkins . A Redskins sake shi a kan Agusta 30, 2014 ga karshe aikin yi cuts kafin farkon 2014 kakar . An sake sanya hannu a kan Oktoba 21, 2014, bayan raunin da ya yi na ƙarshe ga Brian Orakpo, amma an sake shi a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2014. ==== Cleveland Browns ==== A kan Agusta 16, 2015, Everette ya sanya hannu tare da Cleveland Browns . A ranar 31 ga Agusta, 2015, Browns suka sake shi. == Aikin koyarwa == === Carolina Panthers === A ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 2019, Carolina Panthers ta hayar Brown a matsayin mataimakin kociyan layi. == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Brown a Stantonsburg, North Carolina wani ƙaramin gari mai yawan jama'a 706 a halin yanzu. A lokacin da yake a Jihar Florida ya ba da mafi yawan lokacinsa na aikin sa kai a makarantu daban-daban da kuma yin magana a shirye-shiryen shirye-shirye kamar yakin da aka tsara don gargaɗin yara game da illolin taba. Ya yaba wa iyayensa da halayensa da ɗabi'un aikinsa waɗanda ya koya suna girma == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091003105402/http://www.everettebrownfranchise.com/ Yanar Gizo na hukuma] * {{Twitter}} </img> * [http://seminoles.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/brown_everette00.html Jihar Florida Seminoles bio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217082321/http://seminoles.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/brown_everette00.html |date=2008-12-17 }} == Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Panthers2009DraftPicks}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1987]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 62bgtfrvc6x888bnnrleon7dp46uyyt 0 39058 826850 731420 2026-04-27T02:57:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Frederick Worsemao Armah Blay''' [[lauya]] ne ɗan ƙasar Ghana kuma ɗan [[Ɗan siyasa|siyasa]] wanda ya taba zama memba na majalisar dokoki ta biyu, ta uku da ta hudu na jamhuriyar Ghana ta hudu, mai wakiltar mazabar Ellembelle a [[Yankin Yammaci, Ghana|yankin yammacin kasar]] . Ya kasance Shugaban Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Kishin Kasa . == Ilimi da aiki == Blay ya halarci Kwalejin Adisadel, Jami'ar Ghana (Bachelor of Law, LLB) da Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana. Shi Barista ne a lauya kuma memba a ƙungiyar lauyoyin Ghana. Ya kasance Babban Abokin Hulɗa a Blay and Associates tun 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Freddie Blay — A seasoned politician |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/freddie-blay-a-seasoned-politician.html}}</ref> An nada Blay a matsayin shugaban hukumar [[Kamfanin Man Fetur na Kasa na Ghana|kula da albarkatun man fetur ta Ghana]] (GNPC). A cikin shekarar 2021, [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya sabunta nadin nasa. Har ila yau, shi ne shugaban hukumar kuma mafi yawan masu hannun jari na Western Publications Limited, masu wallafa jaridar ''Daily Guide'', da alamar Ƙungiyar, ''Jagoran Kasuwanci'', ''News-One'' da ''Young Blazers'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-31 |title=Freddie Blay maintained as Board Chair of GNPC |url=https://citibusinessnews.com/2021/08/freddie-blay-maintained-as-board-chair-of-gnpc/ |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=Citi Business News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2017 |title=Freddie Blay named GNPC Board Chairman |url=https://citifmonline.com/2017/05/11/freddie-blay-named-gnpc-board-chairman/ |website=citi fm online |access-date=November 21, 2022 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043630/https://citifmonline.com/2017/05/11/freddie-blay-named-gnpc-board-chairman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Siyasa == Blay ya kasance ɗan majalisa a [[Ghana]] kuma ya kasance mataimakin shugaban majalisa na farko a [[Majalisar Ghana|majalisar dokokin Ghana]] ta hudu . Ya rasa kujerarsa a babban zaben da aka gudanar ranar 7 ga watan Disamba 2008 a hannun [[Emmanuel Armah Kofi Buah|Armah Kofi Buah]] na NDC . Ya kasance memba na jam'iyyar Convention People's Party (CPP), amma ya yi murabus ya koma sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party bayan da wasu jiga-jigan jam'iyyar CPP suka caccaki shi kan rashin yakin neman zaben dan takarar jam'iyyar CPP Paa Kwesi Nduom, maimakon ya amince da dan takarar shugaban kasa na NPP [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] . Bayan ya koma NPP ne ya tsaya takara aka zaɓe shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban jam’iyyar a watan Afrilun 2014. Bayan da jam’iyyar ta kori shugabanta Paul Afoko, ta naɗa Blay a matsayin shugaban riko. Ya tsaya takarar kuma aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban jam’iyyar na kasa a taron jam’iyyar NPP na ƙasa a Koforidua wanda ya gudana daga ranar 7 zuwa 8 ga Yuli 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Afoko wins NPP chairmanship race- EC declares - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2014/April-13th/provisional-afoko-wallops-obetsebi-lamptey-to-claim-npp-chair.php |website=MyJoyonline. }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NPP Chairman Paul Afoko suspended indefinitely - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2015/October-23rd/afoko-suspended-unanimously-by-nec.php |website=Myjoyonline. |access-date=2022-11-21 |archive-date=2018-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709215709/https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2015/October-23rd/afoko-suspended-unanimously-by-nec.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2018 |title=Freddie Blay beats Stephen Ntim to win NPP chairmanship race |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/freddie-blay-beats-stephen-ntim-to-win-npp-chairmanship-race.html |website=Graphic Online}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a wannan matsayi har sai da Stephen Ntim ya gaje shi a shekarar 2022. A fafatawar neman takarar shugabancin jam’iyyar, an tabka cece-kuce a lokacin da Blay ya yi alkawari, inda daga karshe ya sayi motocin bas 275 ga mazaɓu 275 na jam’iyyar kan kuɗi dala miliyan 11. 'Yan adawa sun nemi a gudanar da bincike. Abokin hamayyar Blay a zaben ya kira saye-sayen kuri’u. Blay ya bayyana cewa, an sayi motocin bas din ne da wani wurin lamuni daga bankin Universal Merchant Bank wanda kamfanin sufuri na jiha zai gudanar a madadin mazabar NPP. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Blay blowing over $11m for 275 NPP buses |url=https://starrfmonline.com/2018/05/exclusive-blay-blowing-over-11m-for-275-npp-buses/ |website=starrfmonline}}</ref> ===zaɓukan 1996, 2000 da 2004 == An zaɓi Blay a matsayin ɗan majalisa mai wakiltar mazaɓar Ellembele a yankin yammacin Ghana a shekarar 1996, 2000, da 2004 na babban zaben Ghana. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ghana Election 2004 Results - Ellem belle Constituency |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/western/217/index.php |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=Ghana Elections – Peace FM |archive-date=2023-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205230535/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/western/217/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta haka ne ya wakilci mazabar a majalisar wakilai ta 2, 3 da ta 4 na jamhuriya ta 4 ta Ghana. Ya tsaya a kan tikitin Jam’iyyar Convention Peoples’ Party, wanda daga nan ya yi auren siyasa da Sabuwar Jam’iyyar masu kishin kasa (NPP), don haka bai tsayar da dan takarar NPP a mazabar Ellembele ba. A majalisar dokokin kasar a shekarar 1996, ‘yan tsiraru a karkashin jam’iyyar NPP, suka zabe shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar wakilai na biyu, yayin da Ken Dzirasah na NDC ya kasance na daya. Lokacin da NPP ta lashe zaɓen 2000, Blay ya zama mataimakin shugaban majalisa na farko, Dzirasah a matsayin na biyu. A shekara ta 2004, NDC ta tsayar da Ala Adjetey, wanda ya kasance mai magana a kan wannan matsayi, da Ebenezer Sekyi-Hughs na NPP mafi rinjaye. Wannan ya jawowa Dzirasah da NDC mukamin mataimakin shugaban majalisar wakilai na biyu, wanda ya kai ga Alhaji Alhassan na NPP. An fara zaɓe shi ne a shekarar 1996 da ƙuri'u’u 11,674 daga cikin 25,099 masu inganci da aka kada wanda ke wakiltar kashi 30.20 cikin 100 akan abokin hamayyarsa Constance Nyamikey-Quaicoe dan jam’iyyar NDC wanda ya samu kuri’u 11,663 da kuma Abdul Karim Pennah dan jam’iyyar PNC wanda ya samu kuri’u 1,762. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Election 1996 Results - Ellem belle Constituency |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/western/217/index.php |access-date=2020-10-06 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM |archive-date=2023-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182443/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/western/217/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya samu ƙuri'u 13,722 daga cikin 24,127 sahihin ƙuri'u 56.90%, Kaku Korsah dan jam'iyyar NDC ya samu ƙuri'u 9,554 da ke wakiltar 39.60%, Frank Acquah Adamu dan jam'iyyar NRP wanda ya samu kuri'u 630 mai wakiltar 2.60% na PNC, sai kuma Abdul Karim Pennah. 2.60%. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Election 2000 Results - Ellem belle Constituency |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/western/217/index.php |access-date=2020-10-06 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM |archive-date=2022-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911120718/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/western/217/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zabi Blay a shekara ta 2004 da ƙuri'u 18,428 daga cikin jimillar ƙuri'un 34,969 da aka kada. Wannan yayi dai-dai da kashi 52.7% na jimlar ingantattun ƙuri'un da aka jefa. An zabe shi a kan Shaibu Chie Issaka na babban taron jama'a, Kaku Korsah na National Democratic Congress da Kyamah Kaku dan takara mai zaman kansa. Wadannan sun samu kuri'u 388, kuri'u 11,322 da kuri'u 902 bi da bi cikin jimillar ƙuri'un da aka kada. An zaɓi Blay a kan tikitin Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Taro . <ref name=":0"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{S-start}} {{S-par|gh}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Ellembelle (Ghana parliament constituency)|Ellembelle]]}} {{S-aft}} {{S-off}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Parliament of Ghana|Second Deputy Speaker of Parliament]]}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Parliament of Ghana|First Deputy Speaker of Parliament]]}} {{S-aft}} {{S-end}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6az56ubqtga48ti3q524ttqy9i5yzab 0 39359 826905 731436 2026-04-27T07:50:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826905 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Zhao Haolin & George Andah.jpg|thumb|george tare da zhao]] [[Fayil:ITU TELECOM WORLD 2017 - Hon Nenyi George Andah, MP, Awutu Senya West, Ghana.ogv|thumb|george anda]] '''George Nenyi Kojo Andah''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta alif dari tara saba'in miladiyya 1970) dan siyasan Ghana ne kuma tsohon dan majalisar wakilai na mazabar Awutu Senya ta yamma a yankin tsakiyar Ghana. Shi memba ne na New Patriotic Party kuma Mataimakin Ministan Sadarwa a Ghana.<ref name="gog">{{cite web|url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/deputy-ministers|title=Deputy Ministers|publisher=Government of Ghana|accessdate=2 August 2017|archive-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924104720/http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/deputy-ministers|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="graph">{{cite web|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/akufo-addo-releases-names-of-deputy-ministers-designate.html|title=Akufo-Addo releases names of 50 deputy and 4 more ministerial nominees|publisher=Graphic Ghana|date=15 March 2017|accessdate=2 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="yen">{{cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/90398-list-akufo-addos-50-deputy-ministers-news-ministers.html|title=List of Akufo-Addo's 50 deputy ministers and four news ministers|publisher=Yen Ghana|date=15 March 2017|accessdate=2 August 2017|archive-date=8 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108143328/https://yen.com.gh/90398-list-akufo-addos-50-deputy-ministers-news-ministers.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="citi">{{cite web|url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/03/15/akufo-addo-names-50-deputies-4-ministers-of-state/|title=Akufo-Addo names 50 deputies, 4 ministers of state|publisher=Cifi FM Online|date=15 March 2017|accessdate=2 August 2017|archive-date=8 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108143347/https://citifmonline.com/2017/03/akufo-addo-names-50-deputies-4-ministers-of-state/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ghaweb">{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/religion/Akufo-Addo-picks-deputy-ministers-511811|title=Akufo-Addo picks deputy ministers|publisher=Ghana Web|date=20 February 2017|accessdate=2 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=George Andah loses Awutu Senya West parliamentary seat|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/composition/comp-news/hp-news-7/george-andah-loses-awutu-senya-west-parliamentary-seat/|access-date=2020-12-08|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Yuni 2021, an nada shi a matsayin Akyempim Odefey (Babban) na yankin gargajiya na Senya Beraku kuma ana kiransa da sunan stool, Nenyi Kobena Andakwei VI.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=George Andah installed as a Chief|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/06/george-andah-installed-as-a-chief/|access-date=19 March 2022|agency=citinewsroom.com|date=8 June 2021}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:Ken Ofori-Atta.jpg|thumb|George Andah]] An haifi George ne a ranar 27 ga Afrilu shekara ta alif dari tara da saba'in 1970 kuma ya fito ne daga Senya Beraku a yankin tsakiyar Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Andah, George Nenyi Kojo|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/andah-george-nenyi-kojo/|access-date=2022-11-27|website=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}</ref> Ya yi karatun sakandire a makarantar Achimota sannan ya wuce KNUST inda ya yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin Biochemistry. George kuma yana da digiri na MBA a cikin talla daga Jami'ar Kasuwancin Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/January-20th/joy-fms-personality-profile-george-andah-the-man-who-marketed-everything-else-except-himself.php|title=Ghana News - Joy FM's Personality Profile: George Andah, the man who marketed everything else except himself|last=Myjoyonline.com|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2016-09-21|archive-date=2019-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904060359/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/January-20th/joy-fms-personality-profile-george-andah-the-man-who-marketed-everything-else-except-himself.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nenyi George Andah – National Communications Authority|url=https://nca.org.gh/2020/08/29/nenyi-george-andah/|access-date=2022-11-27|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127135248/https://nca.org.gh/2020/08/29/nenyi-george-andah/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Aiki == [[Fayil:George Andah 2017 ITU.jpg|thumb|George Andah]] George ya yi aiki ga kamfanoni masu daraja da yawa; daga kasancewa darektan tallace-tallace na Guinness Ghana Breweries Ltd zuwa kasancewarsa Babban Jami'in Kasuwanci na Scancom Limited.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-26|title=Enimil Ashon: The George Andah magic - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/enimil-ashon-the-george-andah-magic/|access-date=2022-11-27|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kasance memba na MTN Group ya zama Babban Jami'in Talla na Bharti Airtel Nigeria, memba na Bharti Group zuwa Babban Jami'in Aiki (Country Manager) na Glo Mobile Ghana zuwa Babban Daraktan Yanki, Tallan Kasuwanci, Globacom (Nigeria, Ghana da Benin). Daga nan ya ci gaba da kafa nasa kamfani mai suna, RUDDER Solutions, sabis na tuntubar masana'antu na ci gaban kasuwa na kasar Ghana wanda ke ba da cikakkiyar sabis na Kwararru don habaka kasuwanci / kasuwa, sadarwar kamfani / alama, sarrafa suna, tallace-tallace kai tsaye. ci gaban tashar da horar da jagoranci. Ya kuma yi aiki a babban reshen SG-SSB na Accra daga Maris 2001 zuwa Afrilu 2002.<ref name=":1" /> Ya kuma kasance dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Awutu Senya ta Yamma a majalisar dokoki ta 7 ta jamhuriya ta 4 sannan kuma mataimakin ministan sadarwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/January-20th/joy-fms-personality-profile-george-andah-the-man-who-marketed-everything-else-except-himself.php|title=Joy FM's Personality Profile: George Andah, the man who marketed everything else except himself - MyJoyOnline.com|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-05-25|archive-date=2019-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904060359/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/January-20th/joy-fms-personality-profile-george-andah-the-man-who-marketed-everything-else-except-himself.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == * Ya karbi CIMG Marketing na shekara a 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/January-20th/joy-fms-personality-profile-george-andah-the-man-who-marketed-everything-else-except-himself.php|title=George Andah|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-09-21|archive-date=2019-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904060359/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/January-20th/joy-fms-personality-profile-george-andah-the-man-who-marketed-everything-else-except-himself.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/January-20th/joy-fms-personality-profile-george-andah-the-man-who-marketed-everything-else-except-himself.php|title=George Andah|last=Myjoyonline.com|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2016-09-22|archive-date=2019-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904060359/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/January-20th/joy-fms-personality-profile-george-andah-the-man-who-marketed-everything-else-except-himself.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> * An nada shi a matsayin shugaba<ref name=":0" /> * Ya lashe kyautar MP na Humanitarian MP na shekara ta 2019<ref>{{cite web|title=MP of the year award|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/976176/george-andah-wins-humanitarian-mp-of-the-year-awar.html|website=www.modernghana.com|access-date=19 March 2022}}</ref> * Ya karbi Kungiyar Kungiyoyin Kasa ta Duniya (UCIA) 2019<ref>{{cite news|title=Honoured at UCIA awards|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/10/george-andah-honoured-at-ucia-awards/|access-date=19 March 2022|agency=citinewsroom.com|date=3 October 2019}}</ref> * An karrama shi a matsayin lambar yabo ta MTN Mobile Money Builder Award a shekarar 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|last=webmanager|date=2019-12-16|title=George Andah recognised as MTN Mobile Money Builder|url=http://www.businessworldghana.com/george-andah-recognised-as-mtn-mobile-money-builder/|access-date=2022-11-27|website=Business World Ghana|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127141321/http://www.businessworldghana.com/george-andah-recognised-as-mtn-mobile-money-builder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Siyasa == George shi ne memba na Occupy Ghana kungiyar matsin lamba na siyasa. Ya kuma kasance dan majalisar New Patriotic Party na mazabar Awutu-Senya ta Yamma.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boateng|first=Kojo Akoto|date=2017-03-17|title=Yofi Grant, George Andah resign from Occupy Ghana executive council|url=https://citifmonline.com/2017/03/yofi-grant-george-andah-resign-from-occupy-ghana-executive-council/|access-date=2022-11-27|website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127141608/https://citifmonline.com/2017/03/yofi-grant-george-andah-resign-from-occupy-ghana-executive-council/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Yuni, 2020 ne wakilan jam'iyyar NPP suka zabe shi don wakiltar mazabar Awutu-Senya ta Yamma a babban zaben Ghana na 2020 a matsayin dan takararsu na majalisar dokoki.<ref>{{Cite web|title=George Andah wins Awutu Senya West NPP primary|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/george-andah-wins-awutu-senya-west-npp-primary.html|access-date=2020-12-08|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ya rasa kujerar majalisar ne a hannun [[Gizella Tetteh Agbotui|Gizella Tetteh-Agbotui]] ta jam’iyyar National Democratic Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|title=George Andah loses Awutu Senya West parliamentary seat|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/composition/comp-news/hp-news-7/george-andah-loses-awutu-senya-west-parliamentary-seat/|access-date=2020-12-08|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tsohon mataimakin ministan sadarwa ne.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Agyeman|first=Adwoa|date=2022-04-27|title=Politics has taught me lessons not regrets – George Andah|url=https://www.adomonline.com/politics-has-taught-me-lessons-not-regrets-george-andah/|access-date=2022-11-27|website=Adomonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Let’s not politicise SIM Card re-registration – George Andah|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1174520/lets-not-politicise-sim-card-re-registration.html|access-date=2022-11-27|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> A cikin Afrilu 2022, ya kaddamar da littafinsa mai suna ''<nowiki/>'Determined to do more'.''<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 reasons why politics was not good for Nenyi George Andah and he disagreed|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/10-reasons-why-politics-was-not-good-for-nenyi-george-andah-and-he-disagreed.html|access-date=2022-11-27|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == George yana da aure da yara hudu kuma yana zaune a Accra tare da iyalinsa. Shi Kirista ne.<ref name=":1" /> == Tallafawa == A cikin Afrilu 2019, George ya gabatar da kusan kujeru 12 na zartarwa ga Sashen Kasuwanci da Kasuwanci a Makarantar Kasuwancin Jami'ar Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|last=3news_user|date=2019-04-30|title=George Andah donates to Department of Marketing and Entrepreneurship at UG|url=https://3news.com/george-andah-donates-to-department-of-marketing-and-entrepreneurship-at-ug/|access-date=2022-11-27|website=3News.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127141140/https://3news.com/george-andah-donates-to-department-of-marketing-and-entrepreneurship-at-ug/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Haifaffun 1970]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] jn46ptkxl3f37d66n8p7axn0nkd555q 0 39504 826911 745180 2026-04-27T08:21:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 826911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Rebecca McKenna Lewes FC Women 2 West Ham Utd Women 2 Pre season 22 08 2021-436 (51396673044).jpg|thumb|Rebecca McKenna]] '''Rebecca McKenna,''' (an haife ta 13 Afrilu 2001) ta kasance 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Arewacin Ireland wacce ke buga wasan baya kuma ta fito a Lewes a gasar cin kofin mata ta FA da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Ireland ta Arewa. == Aiki == McKenna ta samu buga wa tawagar ƙasar Ireland ta Arewa wasa, inda ta fito a tawagar a lokacin zagayen neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya na mata na FIFA na 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/team_performance/nordirland-frauen-team/frauen-wm-quali-europa-2017-2018/|title=Women World Cup Qualifiers Europe 2017/2018 » Teams (Northern Ireland)|website=WorldFootball.net|access-date=29 August 2019|archive-date=29 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829195700/https://www.worldfootball.net/team_performance/nordirland-frauen-team/frauen-wm-quali-europa-2017-2018/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Rebecca McKenna Lewes FC Women 1 Reading Women 1 Conti Cup 15 12 2021-100 (51751607386).jpg|thumb|Rebecca McKenna]] A ranar 6 ga Yuli 2021 McKenna ta shiga ƙungiyar Gasar Mata ta FA Lewes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bunting|first=Josh|date=2021-07-06|title=Rebecca McKenna makes move from Linfield to Lewes|url=https://herfootballhub.com/rebecca-mckenna-makes-move-from-linfield-to-lewes/|access-date=2021-08-30|website=Her Football Hub|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Raga na ƙasa da ƙasa == {| class="wikitable" |- ! No. !! Kwanan wata !! Wuri !! Abokin hamayya !! Ci !! Sakamako !! Gasa |- | 1. || 25 Nuwamba 2021 || Petar Miloševski Training Centre, [[Skopje]], North Macedonia || North Macedonia || align=center|'''2'''–0 || align=center| 11–0 || rowspan=2| 2023 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata |- | 2. || 2 Satumba 2022 || Stade Émile Mayrisch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg || Luxembourg || align=center|'''2'''–1 || align=center| 2–1 | |} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2001]] 579qpoy8t0j941rztb2tebl5vegx7kz 826912 826911 2026-04-27T08:21:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 826912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Rebecca McKenna Lewes FC Women 2 West Ham Utd Women 2 Pre season 22 08 2021-436 (51396673044).jpg|thumb|Rebecca McKenna]] '''Rebecca McKenna,''' (an haife ta 13 Afrilu 2001) ta kasance 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Arewacin [[Ayilan (ƙasa)|Ireland]] wacce ke buga wasan baya kuma ta fito a Lewes a gasar cin kofin mata ta FA da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Ireland ta Arewa. == Aiki == McKenna ta samu buga wa tawagar ƙasar Ireland ta Arewa wasa, inda ta fito a tawagar a lokacin zagayen neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya na mata na FIFA na 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/team_performance/nordirland-frauen-team/frauen-wm-quali-europa-2017-2018/|title=Women World Cup Qualifiers Europe 2017/2018 » Teams (Northern Ireland)|website=WorldFootball.net|access-date=29 August 2019|archive-date=29 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829195700/https://www.worldfootball.net/team_performance/nordirland-frauen-team/frauen-wm-quali-europa-2017-2018/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Rebecca McKenna Lewes FC Women 1 Reading Women 1 Conti Cup 15 12 2021-100 (51751607386).jpg|thumb|Rebecca McKenna]] A ranar 6 ga Yuli 2021 McKenna ta shiga ƙungiyar Gasar Mata ta FA Lewes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bunting|first=Josh|date=2021-07-06|title=Rebecca McKenna makes move from Linfield to Lewes|url=https://herfootballhub.com/rebecca-mckenna-makes-move-from-linfield-to-lewes/|access-date=2021-08-30|website=Her Football Hub|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Raga na ƙasa da ƙasa == {| class="wikitable" |- ! No. !! Kwanan wata !! Wuri !! Abokin hamayya !! Ci !! Sakamako !! Gasa |- | 1. || 25 Nuwamba 2021 || Petar Miloševski Training Centre, [[Skopje]], North Macedonia || North Macedonia || align=center|'''2'''–0 || align=center| 11–0 || rowspan=2| 2023 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata |- | 2. || 2 Satumba 2022 || Stade Émile Mayrisch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg || Luxembourg || align=center|'''2'''–1 || align=center| 2–1 | |} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2001]] ha4tdl8hvybhp16ku19qh9fggfa6nkm 826913 826912 2026-04-27T08:22:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 826913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Rebecca McKenna Lewes FC Women 2 West Ham Utd Women 2 Pre season 22 08 2021-436 (51396673044).jpg|thumb|Rebecca McKenna]] '''Rebecca McKenna,''' (an haife ta 13 Afrilu 2001) ta kasance 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Arewacin [[Ayilan (ƙasa)|Ireland]] wacce ke buga wasan baya kuma ta fito a Lewes a gasar cin kofin mata ta FA da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Ireland ta Arewa. == Aiki == McKenna ta samu buga wa tawagar ƙasar Ireland ta Arewa wasa, inda ta fito a tawagar a lokacin zagayen neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya na mata na FIFA na 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/team_performance/nordirland-frauen-team/frauen-wm-quali-europa-2017-2018/|title=Women World Cup Qualifiers Europe 2017/2018 » Teams (Northern Ireland)|website=WorldFootball.net|access-date=29 August 2019|archive-date=29 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829195700/https://www.worldfootball.net/team_performance/nordirland-frauen-team/frauen-wm-quali-europa-2017-2018/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Rebecca McKenna Lewes FC Women 1 Reading Women 1 Conti Cup 15 12 2021-100 (51751607386).jpg|thumb|Rebecca McKenna]] A ranar 6 ga Yuli 2021 McKenna ta shiga ƙungiyar Gasar Mata ta FA Lewes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bunting|first=Josh|date=2021-07-06|title=Rebecca McKenna makes move from Linfield to Lewes|url=https://herfootballhub.com/rebecca-mckenna-makes-move-from-linfield-to-lewes/|access-date=2021-08-30|website=Her Football Hub|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Raga na ƙasa da ƙasa == {| class="wikitable" |- ! No. !! Kwanan wata !! Wuri !! Abokin hamayya !! Ci !! Sakamako !! Gasa |- | 1. || 25 Nuwamba 2021 || Petar Miloševski Training Centre, [[Skopje]], North Macedonia || North Macedonia || align=center|'''2'''–0 || align=center| 11–0 || rowspan=2| 2023 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata |- | 2. || 2 Satumba 2022 || Stade Émile Mayrisch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg || Luxembourg || align=center|'''2'''–1 || align=center| 2–1 | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2001]] gtta3mzdjtgspo9rlnpmsy59999e5zs 0 41084 826713 354999 2026-04-26T17:16:26Z Usmanmaifada 20279 826713 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Labarai''' shine bayani game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu. Ana kuma iya ba da wannan ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban: maganar baki, [[Printing|bugu]], tsarin gidan waya, watsa shirye-shirye, [[Sadarwa|sadarwar lantarki]], ko ta hanyar shaidar masu kallo da masu shaida abubuwan da suka faru. Ana kiran labarai wani lokaci "hard news" don bambanta shi da soft news. Batutuwa na gama gari don rahotannin labarai sun haɗa da [[yaƙi]], [[gwamnati]], [[siyasa]], ilimi, [[Lafiya|kiwon lafiya]], [[Canjin yanayi|muhalli]], [[tattalin arziki]], kasuwanci, kayan sawa, nishaɗi, da [[wasanni]], da kuma abubuwan ban mamaki ko na ban mamaki. Sanarwar gwamnati, game [[Sarauta|da bukukuwan sarauta]], [[Doka|dokoki]], haraji, lafiyar jama'a, da [[Laifi|masu laifi]], ana kiransu labarai tun zamanin da. Ci gaban [[fasaha]] da zamantakewa, sau da yawa ta hanyar sadarwar gwamnati da hanyoyin sadarwar leƙen asiri, sun ƙara saurin da labarai zasu iya yadawa, da kuma rinjayar abubuwan da ke ciki. A cikin tarihi, mutane sun yi jigilar sabbin bayanai ta hanyar baka. Bayan da aka ci gaba a kasar Sin tsawon shekaru aru-aru, an kafa jaridu a Turai a zamanin farko na zamani. A karni na 20, [[rediyo]] da [[talabijin]] sun zama muhimmiyar hanyar watsa labarai. Yayin da a cikin 21st, [[Yanar gizo|intanet]] ma ya fara taka irin wannan rawar. == Ma'ana == === Asalin kalma === Kalmar [[Turanci|Ingilishi]], "labarai" ta samo asali ne a karni na 14 a matsayin amfani na musamman na jam'i na "new". A cikin Middle English, kalmar daidai da ita ita ce ''newes'', kamar ''[[wiktionary:nouvelles|nouvelles]]'' na Faransa da ''Neues'' na Jamus. Ana samun irin wannan ci gaba a cikin harsunan Slavic-wato cognates daga Serbo-Croatian ''[[wiktionary:novost|novost]]'' (daga ''[[wiktionary:nov#Serbo-Croatian|nov]]'', "news"), Czech da Slovak ''[[wiktionary:noviny|noviny]]'' (daga ''[[wiktionary:nový|nový]]'', "new"), da Yaren mutanen Poland ''novini'', Bulgarian ''novini'' da ''novosti'' [[Rashanci|na Rasha]]-da kuma haka kuma a cikin yarukan Celtic: newyddion na ''Wales'' (daga ''newydd'') da kuma na Cornish ''nowodhow'' (daga ''nowydh''). Jessica Garretson Finch an lasafta shi da haɗa kalmar "abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu" yayin koyarwa a Kwalejin Barnard a cikin shekarar 1890s. === Newness === Kamar yadda sunansa ke nunawa, "labarai" yawanci suna nuna gabatar da sabbin bayanai. <ref name="Stephens13">Stephens, ''History of News'' (1988), p. 13.</ref> <ref name="Smith7">Smith,''The Newspaper: An International History'' (1979), p. 7. "In the information which [the newspaper] chose to supply, and in the many sources of information which it took over and reorganized, it contained a bias towards recency or newness; to its readers, it offered regularity of publication. It had to be filled with whatever was available, unable to wait until information of greater clarity or certainty or of wider perspective had accumulated."</ref> Sabbin labaran yana ba shi wani ingantaccen inganci wanda ya bambanta shi da mafi yawan binciken tarihi ko wasu fannonin ilimi. <ref name="Smith7" /> <ref>Salmon, ''The Newspaper and the [[Historian]]'' (1923), p. 10. Salmon quotes [[Théophraste Renaudot]]: "History is the record of things accomplished. A ''Gazette'' is the reflection of feelings and rumors of the time which may or may not be true."</ref> <ref name="Pettegree3">Pettegree, ''The Invention of News'' (2014), p. 3. "Even as news became more plentiful in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the problem of establishing the veracity of news reports remained acute. The news market—and by the sixteenth century it was a real market—was humming with conflicting reports, some incredible, some all too plausible: lives, fortunes, even the fate of kingdoms could depend upon acting on the right information."</ref> Ganin cewa masana tarihi suna kallon abubuwan da suka faru a matsayin alamun da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka faru, labarun labarai kan bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a keɓe, da kuma ware tattaunawa kan alaƙar da ke tsakaninsu. <ref name="Park675">Park, "News as a Form of Knowledge" (1940), pp. 675–676. "News is not history because, for one thing among others, it deals, on the whole, with isolated events and does not seek to relate them to one another either in the form of causal or in the form of [[Teleological]] sequences."</ref> Labarai suna bayyana duniya a fili a halin yanzu ko kuma a baya, ko da lokacin da muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin labarin sun faru a baya-ko kuma ana sa ran su faru a nan gaba. Don yin labarai, aikin da ke gudana dole ne ya kasance yana da wasu “peg”, wani abin da ya faru a cikin lokaci wanda ke ɗaure shi zuwa yanzu. <ref name="Park675" /> <ref>Schudson, "When? Deadlines, Datelines, and History"; in ''Reading The News'' (1986), ed. Manoff & Schudson; pp. 81–82.</ref> Hakazalika, labarai sau da yawa suna magana game da ɓangarori na gaskiya waɗanda suke kama da sabon abu, karkata, ko kuma na yau da kullun. <ref>Shoemaker & Cohen, ''News Around the World'' (2006), pp. 13–14.</ref> Don haka shahararriyar lafazin cewa “Kare ya ciji mutum” ba labari ba ne, amma “Man Bites Fog” ne. <ref>Park, "News as a Form of Knowledge" (1940), p. 678.</ref> Wani abin da ke tattare da sabbin labarai shi ne, yayin da sabbin fasahohi ke baiwa sabbin kafafen yada labarai damar yada labarai cikin sauri, hanyoyin sadarwa na ‘sannu a hankali’ na iya kau da kai daga ‘labarai’ zuwa ‘bincike’. <ref>Stephens, ''History of News'' (1988), p. 56. "It is axiomatic in journalism that the fastest medium with the largest potential audience will disseminate the bulk of a community's breaking news. Today that race is being won by television and radio. Consequently, daily newspapers are beginning to underplay breaking news about yesterday's events (already old news to much of their audience) in favor of more analytical perspectives on those events. In other words, dailies are now moving in the direction toward which weeklies retreated when dailies were introduced."</ref> === Kayayyaki === A cewar wasu ka'idoji, "labarai" shine duk abin da masana'antar labarai ta sayar. <ref>Heyd, ''Reading newspapers'' (2012), pp. 35, 82. "... newspapers were defining what news was, categorizing and expanding their domain on the fly. Indeed, Somerville argues that 'news' is not an objective 'historical' concept but one that is defined by the news industry as it creates a commodity sold by publishers to the public."</ref> Aikin jarida, wanda aka fahimce shi tare da layi daya, shine aiki ko sana'ar tattarawa da bayar da labarai. <ref>Stephens, ''History of News'' (1988), p. 3. "The term ''journalism'' is used broadly here and elsewhere in the book to refer to more than just the production of printed 'journals'; it is the most succinct term we have for the activity of gathering and disseminating news."</ref> <ref>Shoemaker & Cohen, ''News Around the World'' (2006), p. 7. "[...] for the journalist the assessment of newsworthiness is an operationalization based on the aforementioned conditions. In other words, the practitioner typically constructs a method for fulfilling the daily job requirements. He or she rarely has an underlying theoretical understanding of what defining something or someone as ''newsworthy'' entails. To be sure, individual journalists may engage in more abstract musings about their work, but the profession as a whole is content to apply these conditions and does not care that the theory behind the application is not widely understood. Hall (1981, 147) calls news a 'slippery' concept, with journalists defining newsworthiness as those things that get into the news media."</ref> Daga yanayin kasuwanci, labarai shine kawai shigarwa ɗaya, tare da takarda (ko an electronic server) wajibi ne don shirya samfurin ƙarshe da rarrabawa. <ref>Pettegree, ''The Invention of News'' (2014), p. 6. "News fitted ideally into the expanding market for cheap print, and it swiftly became an important commodity."</ref> Kamfanin dillancin labarai ya ba da wannan albarkatun "jumla" kuma masu bugawa suna haɓaka shi don siyarwa. <ref name="Globalization6">Boyd-Barrett & Rantanen, ''The Globalization of News'' (1998), p. 6. "News agency news is considered 'wholesale' resource material, something that has to be worked upon, smelted, reconfigured, for conversion into a news report that is suitable for consumption by ordinary readers. It has also suited the news agencies to be thus presented: they have needed to seem credible to extensive networks of 'retail' clients of many different political and cultural shades and hues. They have wanted to avoid controversy, to maintain an image of plain, almost dull, but completely dependable professionalism."</ref> <ref name="MacGregor">Phil MacGregor, "International News Agencies: Global eyes that never blink", in Fowler-Watt & Allan (eds.), ''Journalism'' (2013).</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fwihbyf6xhq9v826wytgmdptlgiypvw 826714 826713 2026-04-26T17:17:27Z Usmanmaifada 20279 826714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Labarai''' shine bayani game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu. Ana kuma iya ba da wannan ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban: maganar baki, [[Printing|bugu]], tsarin gidan waya, watsa shirye-shirye, [[Sadarwa|sadarwar lantarki]], ko ta hanyar shaidar masu kallo da masu shaida abubuwan da suka faru. Ana kiran labarai wani lokaci "hard news" don bambanta shi da soft news. Batutuwa na gama gari don rahotannin labarai sun haɗa da [[yaƙi]], [[gwamnati]], [[siyasa]], ilimi, [[Lafiya|kiwon lafiya]], [[Canjin yanayi|muhalli]], [[tattalin arziki]], kasuwanci, kayan sawa, nishaɗi, da [[wasanni]], da kuma abubuwan ban mamaki ko na ban mamaki. Sanarwar gwamnati, game [[Sarauta|da bukukuwan sarauta]], [[Doka|dokoki]], haraji, lafiyar jama'a, da [[Laifi|masu laifi]], ana kiransu labarai tun zamanin da. Ci gaban [[fasaha]] da zamantakewa, sau da yawa ta hanyar sadarwar gwamnati da hanyoyin sadarwar leƙen asiri, sun ƙara saurin da labarai zasu iya yadawa, da kuma rinjayar abubuwan da ke ciki. A cikin tarihi, mutane sun yi jigilar sabbin bayanai ta hanyar baka. Bayan da aka ci gaba a kasar Sin tsawon shekaru aru-aru, an kafa jaridu a Turai a zamanin farko na zamani. A karni na 20, [[rediyo]] da [[talabijin]] sun zama muhimmiyar hanyar watsa labarai. Yayin da a cikin 21st, [[Yanar gizo|intanet]] ma ya fara taka irin wannan rawar. == Ma'ana == === Asalin kalma === Kalmar [[Turanci|Ingilishi]], "labarai" ta samo asali ne a karni na 14 a matsayin amfani na musamman na jam'i na "new". A cikin Middle English, kalmar daidai da ita ita ce ''newes'', kamar ''[[wiktionary:nouvelles|nouvelles]]'' na Faransa da ''Neues'' na Jamus. Ana samun irin wannan ci gaba a cikin harsunan Slavic-wato cognates daga Serbo-Croatian ''[[wiktionary:novost|novost]]'' (daga ''[[wiktionary:nov#Serbo-Croatian|nov]]'', "news"), Czech da Slovak ''[[wiktionary:noviny|noviny]]'' (daga ''[[wiktionary:nový|nový]]'', "new"), da Yaren mutanen Poland ''novini'', Bulgarian ''novini'' da ''novosti'' [[Rashanci|na Rasha]]-da kuma haka kuma a cikin yarukan Celtic: newyddion na ''Wales'' (daga ''newydd'') da kuma na Cornish ''nowodhow'' (daga ''nowydh''). Jessica Garretson Finch an lasafta shi da haɗa kalmar "abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu" yayin koyarwa a Kwalejin Barnard a cikin shekarar 1890s. === Newness === Kamar yadda sunansa ke nunawa, "labarai" yawanci suna nuna gabatar da sabbin bayanai.<ref name="Stephens13">Stephens, ''History of News'' (1988), p. 13.</ref><ref name="Smith7">Smith,''The Newspaper: An International History'' (1979), p. 7. "In the information which [the newspaper] chose to supply, and in the many sources of information which it took over and reorganized, it contained a bias towards recency or newness; to its readers, it offered regularity of publication. It had to be filled with whatever was available, unable to wait until information of greater clarity or certainty or of wider perspective had accumulated."</ref> Sabbin labaran yana ba shi wani ingantaccen inganci wanda ya bambanta shi da mafi yawan binciken tarihi ko wasu fannonin ilimi.<ref name="Smith7" /><ref>Salmon, ''The Newspaper and the [[Historian]]'' (1923), p. 10. Salmon quotes [[Théophraste Renaudot]]: "History is the record of things accomplished. A ''Gazette'' is the reflection of feelings and rumors of the time which may or may not be true."</ref><ref name="Pettegree3">Pettegree, ''The Invention of News'' (2014), p. 3. "Even as news became more plentiful in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the problem of establishing the veracity of news reports remained acute. The news market—and by the sixteenth century it was a real market—was humming with conflicting reports, some incredible, some all too plausible: lives, fortunes, even the fate of kingdoms could depend upon acting on the right information."</ref> Ganin cewa masana tarihi suna kallon abubuwan da suka faru a matsayin alamun da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka faru, labarun labarai kan bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a keɓe, da kuma ware tattaunawa kan alaƙar da ke tsakaninsu.<ref name="Park675">Park, "News as a Form of Knowledge" (1940), pp. 675–676. "News is not history because, for one thing among others, it deals, on the whole, with isolated events and does not seek to relate them to one another either in the form of causal or in the form of [[Teleological]] sequences."</ref> Labarai suna bayyana duniya a fili a halin yanzu ko kuma a baya, ko da lokacin da muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin labarin sun faru a baya-ko kuma ana sa ran su faru a nan gaba. Don yin labarai, aikin da ke gudana dole ne ya kasance yana da wasu “peg”, wani abin da ya faru a cikin lokaci wanda ke ɗaure shi zuwa yanzu. <ref name="Park675" /> <ref>Schudson, "When? Deadlines, Datelines, and History"; in ''Reading The News'' (1986), ed. Manoff & Schudson; pp. 81–82.</ref> Hakazalika, labarai sau da yawa suna magana game da ɓangarori na gaskiya waɗanda suke kama da sabon abu, karkata, ko kuma na yau da kullun. <ref>Shoemaker & Cohen, ''News Around the World'' (2006), pp. 13–14.</ref> Don haka shahararriyar lafazin cewa “Kare ya ciji mutum” ba labari ba ne, amma “Man Bites Fog” ne. <ref>Park, "News as a Form of Knowledge" (1940), p. 678.</ref> Wani abin da ke tattare da sabbin labarai shi ne, yayin da sabbin fasahohi ke baiwa sabbin kafafen yada labarai damar yada labarai cikin sauri, hanyoyin sadarwa na ‘sannu a hankali’ na iya kau da kai daga ‘labarai’ zuwa ‘bincike’. <ref>Stephens, ''History of News'' (1988), p. 56. "It is axiomatic in journalism that the fastest medium with the largest potential audience will disseminate the bulk of a community's breaking news. Today that race is being won by television and radio. Consequently, daily newspapers are beginning to underplay breaking news about yesterday's events (already old news to much of their audience) in favor of more analytical perspectives on those events. In other words, dailies are now moving in the direction toward which weeklies retreated when dailies were introduced."</ref> === Kayayyaki === A cewar wasu ka'idoji, "labarai" shine duk abin da masana'antar labarai ta sayar. <ref>Heyd, ''Reading newspapers'' (2012), pp. 35, 82. "... newspapers were defining what news was, categorizing and expanding their domain on the fly. Indeed, Somerville argues that 'news' is not an objective 'historical' concept but one that is defined by the news industry as it creates a commodity sold by publishers to the public."</ref> Aikin jarida, wanda aka fahimce shi tare da layi daya, shine aiki ko sana'ar tattarawa da bayar da labarai. <ref>Stephens, ''History of News'' (1988), p. 3. "The term ''journalism'' is used broadly here and elsewhere in the book to refer to more than just the production of printed 'journals'; it is the most succinct term we have for the activity of gathering and disseminating news."</ref> <ref>Shoemaker & Cohen, ''News Around the World'' (2006), p. 7. "[...] for the journalist the assessment of newsworthiness is an operationalization based on the aforementioned conditions. In other words, the practitioner typically constructs a method for fulfilling the daily job requirements. He or she rarely has an underlying theoretical understanding of what defining something or someone as ''newsworthy'' entails. To be sure, individual journalists may engage in more abstract musings about their work, but the profession as a whole is content to apply these conditions and does not care that the theory behind the application is not widely understood. Hall (1981, 147) calls news a 'slippery' concept, with journalists defining newsworthiness as those things that get into the news media."</ref> Daga yanayin kasuwanci, labarai shine kawai shigarwa ɗaya, tare da takarda (ko an electronic server) wajibi ne don shirya samfurin ƙarshe da rarrabawa. <ref>Pettegree, ''The Invention of News'' (2014), p. 6. "News fitted ideally into the expanding market for cheap print, and it swiftly became an important commodity."</ref> Kamfanin dillancin labarai ya ba da wannan albarkatun "jumla" kuma masu bugawa suna haɓaka shi don siyarwa. <ref name="Globalization6">Boyd-Barrett & Rantanen, ''The Globalization of News'' (1998), p. 6. "News agency news is considered 'wholesale' resource material, something that has to be worked upon, smelted, reconfigured, for conversion into a news report that is suitable for consumption by ordinary readers. It has also suited the news agencies to be thus presented: they have needed to seem credible to extensive networks of 'retail' clients of many different political and cultural shades and hues. They have wanted to avoid controversy, to maintain an image of plain, almost dull, but completely dependable professionalism."</ref> <ref name="MacGregor">Phil MacGregor, "International News Agencies: Global eyes that never blink", in Fowler-Watt & Allan (eds.), ''Journalism'' (2013).</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] a2xd9vi9i41a6wkwbfly7f4rutwqs2w 0 42648 827051 551585 2026-04-27T11:34:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Музей_Мистецтва_Прикарпаття._м._Івано-Франківськ-3.JPG|thumb|250x250px| Art Museum na Prykarpattia]] [[Fayil:Колегіальний костел Пресвятої Діви Марії 08.JPG|thumb|mesuem]] '''Gidan kayan zanen gargajiya na Prykarpattia''' ( Ukraine, wanda tun Asali ake kira da '''Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Art Museum''', har zuwa shekara ta 2012) ya kasance wani gidan tarihi na na yanki wanda ke cikin Cocin Budurwa Maryamu a Ivano-Frankivsk. Yana kuma ɗauke da kayan tarihi na musamman da suka shafi zanuka na addini na gida. Itace kadai gidan tarihi na fasaha a yankin kuma sun ƙware a wajen nuna ayyukan zane-zane na gida. An kafa gidan kayan tarihin ne a cikin shekara ta 1980 kuma ta maye gurbin gidan tarihi na Cibiyar Man Fetur da Gas na birnin. Tana da tarin kayan tarihi kusan guda 15,000. Mafi mahimmancin abun kallo su ne "Zanen addini na Galicia na karni na 15-20" da kuma zane-zane na baroque na Johann Georg Pinsel. Gidan kayan tarihin yana da rassa biyu: * Gidan Tarihi na Memorial na Vasyl Kasiyan a Sniatyn * Gidan kayan tarihi- Abin tunawa na Gine-gine da Zane na ƙarni na XVI da XVII, a cikin {{Interlanguage link|Holy Spirit Church of Rohatyn|uk|Церква Святого Духа (Рогатин)}} == Kayayyakin da aka ajiye == A ƙarshen shekara ta 2000s, kayayyakin da ke gidan tarihin sun kai 15,000 guda, wanda suka haɗa da misalai na musamman na Galician iconography da sassake-sassake. baroque, musamman sassake-sassake guda shida na Pinsel, da kuma na ayyukan gargajiya na yammacin Yukren zanen Kornylo Ustiyanovych, Ivan Trush, Yulian Pankevych, Yaroslav .Oleksa Novakivskyi, Osip Sorokhtei, Olena Kulchytska, da sauransu. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Yanki {{In lang|uk}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110825052543/http://propolis.if.ua/organization/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9%20%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9 Hours of operation] * {{In lang|uk}} [http://museum.if.ua/museums/c10/3.html Quick overview] * [http://stanislaw.in.ua/vr/136 Museum exposition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903134437/http://stanislaw.in.ua/vr/136 |date=2014-09-03 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141011014437/http://www.history.iv-fr.net/article.php?id=923 Art Museum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141011015539/http://museum.dp.ua/participant046.html Ivano-Frankivsk Art Museum] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Gidan kayan tarihi na Ukraine]] q4nacxrqyybqk54hhj9j3qotyrbdch8 0 45025 826847 465133 2026-04-27T02:19:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elimane Franck Kanouté,''' (an haife shi a cikin shekara ta 1998) shi ne [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa na ƙasar [[Senegal]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya . Ligue 2 club Sochaux, a kan aro daga Belgian First Division A kulob Cercle Brugge. == Aikin kulob == Kanouté ya fara buga gasar Seria B a Pescara a ranar 8 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2017 a wasan da suka buga da Frosinone.<ref>https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/09/08/italy/serie-b/pescara-calcio/frosinone-calcio/2560061/</ref> A ranar 1 ga watan Agustan 2019, ya shiga Cosenza akan lamuni har zuwa ranar 30 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2020.<ref>https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/serie-b/ufficiale-cosenza-arriva-kanoute-in-prestito-dal-pescara-1275245</ref> A ranar 1 ga watan Satumban 2020, Kanouté ya koma Cercle Brugge . Ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.cerclebrugge.be/nl/news/welkom-franck-kanoute |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2020-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901135443/https://www.cerclebrugge.be/nl/news/welkom-franck-kanoute |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 14 ga watan Yulin 2022, Kanouté ya koma Sochaux a Faransa a kan aro.<ref>https://www.fcsochaux.fr/actualites/communique/franck-kanoute-prete-au-fcsm</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == Kanouté ya fara buga wa tawagar Senegal wasa a wasan da suka doke Guinea Bissau da ci 1-0 2021 na neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika a ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamban 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.seneweb.com/news/Sport/guinee-bissau-ndash-senegal-le-onze-des-_n_333531.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323004532/https://www.seneweb.com/news/Sport/guinee-bissau-ndash-senegal-le-onze-des-_n_333531.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|454741}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] i7cdxx4if81cxj1w7nvpzrkq38obasl 0 52922 826773 616368 2026-04-26T19:55:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Farah Dani El Tayar''' ( {{Lang-ar|فرح داني الطيار}} </link> ; An haife ta a ranar 10 watan Disamba shekarar [[2003]]) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Lebanon wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger ƙungiyar kwalejin Amurka FIU Panthers da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Lebanon . == Aikin kulob. == A ranar 3 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2021, El Tayar ya koma FIU Panthers, ƙungiyar Jami'ar Duniya ta [[Florida]] . Ta fara wasanta na farko a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, a matsayin wanda ta maye gurbin minti na 19 a wasan da aka doke ta 3–2 a hannun Jacksonville Dolphins ; Bayan mintuna tara aka sallameta. A ranar 18 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 2022, El Tayar ta shiga [[Iowa]] Raptors FC a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Premier ta mata . == Ayyukan kasa da kasa. == El Tayar ta yi wasanta na farko na kasa da kasa a Lebanon a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 2021, ta zo ne a matsayin mai maye gurbin shekarar 2021 [[Armeniya|Armenia]] International Friendly Tournament da mai masaukin baki Armenia . Ta ci kwallonta ta farko bayan kwana biyu, a wasan da ta doke Lithuania da ci 7-1 a gasar daya. == Kididdigar sana'a == === Ƙasashen Duniya === : ''Maki da sakamako jera kwallayen Lebanon tally na farko, ginshiƙin maki yana nuna maki bayan kowane burin El Tayar'' . {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin kwallayen da Farah El Tayar ya ci a duniya ! scope="col" | A'a. ! scope="col" | Kwanan wata ! scope="col" | Wuri ! scope="col" | Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" | Ci ! scope="col" | Sakamako ! scope="col" | Gasa ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- | align="center" | 1 | Afrilu 10, 2021 | Pyunik Training Center, [[Yerevan]], Armenia |{{Fbw|LIT}}</img>{{Fbw|LIT}} | align="center" | 1-4 | align="center" | 1–7 | Gasar sada zumunta ta kasa da kasa ta 2021 | |} == Girmamawa == '''Lebanon U15''' * WAFF U-15 Gasar Cin Kofin 'Yan Mata : ta zo ta biyu: 2018 '''Lebanon U18''' * WAFF U-18 Gasar 'Yan Mata : 2019 == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na duniya mata na Lebanon == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.wpslsoccer.com/roster/farah-el-tayar Bayanan martaba]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} a WPSL * [https://fiusports.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/farah-el-tayar/9555 Bayanan martaba] a FIU Panthers * Farah El Tayar * Farah El Tayar [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 43rk9674d4ecmv0h97xnfmw2f4y0p3e 0 53895 826683 713371 2026-04-26T16:04:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Esther Mwila Banda''' (an haifi ta a ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1958) tsohuwar 'yar siyasa ce ' [[Zambiya|yar Zambia]] . Ta yi aiki a matsayin mamba a majalisar wakilai ta kasa mai wakiltar Chiliabombwe daga shekarar 2006 zuwa shekara ta 2016, kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar minista tsakanin shekarar 2011 zuwa shekara ta 2016. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Banda ya yi karatun BA a fannin ilimin zamantakewa kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin zamantakewa. <ref>[http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/6 Ester Mwila Banda] National Assembly of Zambia</ref> Ta tsaya takara a babban zaben shekarar 2001 a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar United Party for National Development a Chililabombwe, amma ta zo na biyu a matsayin dan takarar Movement for Multi-Party Democracy, Wamundila Muliokela . <ref name="EP">[http://www.electionpassport.com/files/ZM/ZM.xlsx Zambia] Election Passport</ref> A zaben shekara ta 2006 Banda ya kasance dan takarar jam'iyyar Patriotic Front kuma ya doke Muliokela (wanda ya kasance ministan tsaro a lokacin), ya zama dan majalisar wakilai na mazabar. <ref name="EP" /> An sake zaɓe ta a shekarar 2011, <ref name="EP" /> bayan haka an nada ta mataimakiyar ministar ƙaramar hukuma, gidaje, Ilimin Farko da Kare Muhalli . <ref>[https://www.lusakatimes.com/2011/09/29/list-newly-appointed-cabinet-deputy-ministers/ List of newly appointed Cabinet and Deputy ministers]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Lusaka Times, 29 September 2011</ref> A shekara mai zuwa ta zama mataimakiyar minista a sabuwar ma'aikatar jinsi da ci gaban yara da aka kirkiro . A watan Fabrairun shekarar 2015 ta zama [[Ma'aikatar Yawon Buɗe Ido (Zambiya)|mataimakiyar ministar yawon shakatawa da fasaha]] bayan Edgar Lungu ya zama gwagwalada shugaban kasa. <ref>[https://www.zambiawatchdog.com/lungu-maintains-almost-all-deputy-ministers/ Lungu maintains almost all deputy ministers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728010848/https://www.zambiawatchdog.com/lungu-maintains-almost-all-deputy-ministers/ |date=2021-07-28 }} Zambia Watchdog, 16 February 2015</ref> Ta kuma rike mukamin shugabar mata ta kasa a cikin kungiyar kishin kasa. <ref>[https://zambiadailynation.com/2016/02/15/pf-here-to-stay-says-banda/ PF here to stay, says Banda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019230921/https://www.zambiadailynation.com/2016/02/15/pf-here-to-stay-says-banda/ |date=2022-10-19 }} Zambia Daily Nation, 15 February 2016</ref> Esther Banda bai tsaya takara ba a babban zaben shekarar 2016, <ref>[https://www.zambiawatchdog.com/list-of-of-pf-mps-that-wont-be-adopted-for-2016/ List of PF MPs that won’t be adopted for 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813211459/https://www.zambiawatchdog.com/list-of-of-pf-mps-that-wont-be-adopted-for-2016/ |date=2022-08-13 }} Zambia Watchdog, 24 August 2015</ref> kuma dan takarar PF Richard Musukwa ya gaje shi a matsayin MP na Chililabomwe . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1958]] mr8sh7cjmel6684aliwoftyiaf2yvll 0 54458 826694 823813 2026-04-26T16:55:25Z Usmanmaifada 20279 826694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] '''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo;<ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref> An haife shi a watan Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan [[wasan kwaikwayo]] ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Ɗan Kanada ne kuma mawaƙi, shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a ƙarni na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi a cikin ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a. An haife shi a [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]] kuma ya girma a [[Toronto]], Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin talabijin na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed ​​(1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003). Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023). Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel. == Kuruciya == An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref>. Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref>]Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa, <ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa ​​da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref> Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Sydney, <ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]], inda ta auri Paul Aaron, darektan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref> Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da ''Etobicoke School of Arts'', inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da ''dyslexia'' kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin ''De La Salle'', ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗaukar shi a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar ''De La Salle College'', ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> == Sana'a == '''1984-1990: Aikin farko''' A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin ''Brad Fraser'' ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin ''"K. C."'' ko "''Casey''" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref> Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da ''NBC's Babes'' a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da ''Brotherhood of Justice''. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin ''Peter'' ''Markle's Youngblood'' (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "''natural and credible''", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Tune in Tomorrow''. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na ''Rush Rush'' wanda ya ƙunshi wani ''Rebel'' ''Without a Cause'' motif, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> '''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka''' A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a ''Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey'', mabiyi ga ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'', tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na ''sub-moronic'' [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara ''snickering'' duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manyan Haɗin gwiwa tare da ''River Phoenix'' a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada ''My Own Private Idaho'', Taurarin sun fara tafiyar suce ta gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan ''Shakespeare's Henry IV'', Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ''My Own Private Idaho'' ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin " "''a postmodern road'' ''movie with a mood of'' f''ree-floating, trance-like despair ... a rich, audacious experience''". ''The New York Times'' complimented Reeves ''and Phoenix''"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ''MTV Movie Awards'' na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Namiji Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga ''guitar bass''. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin ''Stoker's 1897 Dracula''. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi na ya yi daidai, ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa. Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin ''Much Ado About Nothing'', bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da ''Cowgirls Get the Blues'' da ''Little'' ''Buddha'', dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.<ref>"Little Buddha (1994)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 6, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ''Little Buddha'' sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan ''Speed'' ​​(1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed ​​shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na ''Point Break''.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves ''River Phoenix'' (kuma abokin aikina a ''My Own Private Idaho'') ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki ''Speed'' ​​​​a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. ''Gene Siskel'' na ''Chicago Tribune'' ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "Mai cikakkiyan kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita ''Speed'' ​​kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta ''blockbuster'' wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta ''Academy'' guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> '''1995–1998: Canjin aiki''' Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 ''cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic'', wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba ''Theatre Cente''r na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar ''Sunday Times Roger'' Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>. Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed ​​2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa ''Fox Century'' na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref> Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>.. '''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo''' A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a<ref>"Keanu: I was tricked into making film". ''The Guardian''. September 11, 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.<ref>"The Watcher (2000)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Gift". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."<ref>Clinton, Paul (January 19, 2001). "CNN.com – Entertainment – 'The Gift' a satisfying scare – January 19, 2001". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.<ref>"Sweet November (2001)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 4, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.<ref>Howe, Desson (February 16, 2001). "'Sweet November': Sugar Shock". ''www.washingtonpost.com''. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".<ref>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2001). "Hardball movie review & film summary (2001) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.<ref>"Dogstar: Keanu Reeves' Grunge Band You Need To Listen To ASAP". ''culturacolectiva.com''. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.<ref>Fothergill, Lucas (July 14, 2015). "I Was in a Band With Keanu Reeves". ''Vice''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.<ref>"Sydney sci-fi fans rush to re-enter the Matrix". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. May 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</ref> Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"<ref>Powers, John (May 15, 2003). "Stuck in the middle with Neo". ''LA Weekly''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.<ref>Walker, Alexander (May 16, 2003). "Amazing Matrix". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Matrix Reloaded". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on June 27, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.<ref>Clinton, Paul (November 6, 2003). "CNN.com – Review: 'Matrix' a waste of good technology – Nov. 6, 2003". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." <ref>Meyer, Carla (November 5, 2003). "The final installment of the Wachowski brothers' science fiction epic features cheesy computer-generated imagery and stodgy action sequences. It is 'The Matrix Disappoints.'". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.<ref>"Something's Gotta Give (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> '''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta''' n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.<ref>"Constantine (2005)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 26, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"<ref>Moses, Alexa (October 4, 2005). "Constantine". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.<ref>Scott, A.O. (September 16, 2005). "A Teenager With an Embarrassing Habit Finds Transformation Through Ritalin". ''The New York Times''. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".<ref>Thomson, Desson (September 30, 2005). "Delightful Dysfunction". ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.<ref>"Festival de Cannes – From 15 to 26 May 2013". October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.<ref>"A Scanner Darkly". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.<ref>Arendt, Paul (August 17, 2006). "BBC – Movies – review – A Scanner Darkly". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, <ref>"The Lake House". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</ref> Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.<ref>Kermode, Mark (June 25, 2006). "The Lake House". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Kern, Laura (November 3, 2006). "A Straightforward Look at Our Changing World". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.<ref>"Street Kings". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”<ref>Byrnes, Paul (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"<ref>Bradshaw, Peter (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.<ref>WELT (January 22, 2009). "2009 Razzies : Golden Raspberry Awards list of nominees". ''Die Welt''. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".<ref>Robey, Tim (December 11, 2008). "The Day the Earth Stood Still and Dean Spanley – review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.<ref>"The Private Lives of Pippa Lee". ''Film file''. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"<ref>Gritten, David (September 7, 2009). "The Private Lives of Pippa Lee, review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.<ref>"Henry's Crime". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.<ref>Hassan, Genevieve (June 22, 2011). "Keanu Reeves' Ode to Happiness". ''BBC News''. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.<ref>Scott, A. O. (August 30, 2012). "Finding Drama in Newfangled Filmmaking". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.<ref>"Generation Um... (2013)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, <ref>Davidson, Mike (May 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves makes director debut with modern Kung Fu film". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi (2013)". ''Kung-fu Kingdom''. April 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”<ref>McGinn, David (May 11, 2018). "Man of Tai Chi: Keanu Reeves's martial-arts flick lacks punch". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba. '''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick''' Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na ''John Wick'' ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.<ref>"Keanu Reeves plays hitman in 'John Wick' – Surprises with unexpected use of artillery in action scenes". ''Inquirer Movies''. December 19, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.<ref>Kilday, Gregg (October 14, 2014). "Bridget Moynahan Joins Keanu Reeves Thriller 'John Wick'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.<ref>Lowe, Justin (October 22, 2014). "'John Wick': Film Review". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".<ref>Catsoulis, Jeannette (October 23, 2014). "Pet's Slaughter Uncorks a Latent Inner Assassin". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.<ref>"John Wick". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, ''Knock Knock'' (2015), sake yin ''Death Game'' (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.<ref>Howell, Peter (October 8, 2015). "Reel Brief: Mini reviews of 99 Homes, Knock Knock, The Forbidden Room, Labyrinth of Lies, This Changes Everything". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.<ref>Leydon, Joe (June 1, 2015). "Film Review: 'Deep Web'". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.<ref>"Exposed (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 27, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa<ref>"Keanu (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on July 28, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).<ref>Bray, Catherine (May 18, 2019). "The Neon Demon review | Sight & Sound". ''British Film Institute''. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ''The Bad Batch''<ref>Pulver, Andrew (September 6, 2016). "The Bad Batch review: Keanu Reeves and Jim Carrey thrive in cannibal apocalypse". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".<ref>Murray, Noel (October 19, 2016). "An A-list cast and crew make a C+ courtroom drama with The Whole Truth". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.<ref>Greene, Steve (August 10, 2017). "'Swedish Dicks' Review: Keanu Reeves is a Rare Highlight in a Detective Series Too Goofy for its Own Good". ''IndieWire''. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 2". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).<ref>Hewitt, Chris (February 6, 2017). "John Wick: Chapter Two". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".<ref>Chang, Justin (February 9, 2017). "Review: Keanu Reeves knows gun-fu in the thrillingly disciplined 'John Wick: Chapter 2'". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017<ref>"2017 Sundance Film Festival: Competition And Next Lineup Announced". ''www.sundance.org''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.<ref>Leszkiewicz, Anna (July 10, 2017). "Don't watch Netflix's To The Bone". ''www.newstatesman.com''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.<ref>Roeper, Richard (September 23, 2018). "'A Happening of Monumental Proportions' wastes a deep cast of stars". ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 ''comedy Destination Wedding'', game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.<ref>Lowe, Justin (July 13, 2018). "'Siberia': Film Review | Hollywood Reporter". ''www.hollywoodreporter.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"<ref name=":3">Dowd, A.A. (January 11, 2019). "The Keanu Reeves sci-fi movie Replicas is so terrible it could give you an existential crisis". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.<ref name=":3" /><ref>"Replicas". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.<ref>Hertz, Barry (May 16, 2019). "Review: Tick tock, time to coldclock: Why John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum is the Swiss luxury watch of action cinema". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"<ref>Clarke, Cath (May 16, 2019). "John Wick: Chapter 3: Parabellum review – franchise bloat for Keanu Reeves' hitman". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref>. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.<ref>"2019 People's Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees on People's Choice Awards | E! News UK". ''E! News''. November 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (June 12, 2019). "How Keanu Reeves Ended Up in 'Toy Story 4' as Duke Caboom". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (June 4, 2018). "There's a Keanu Reeves film festival happening in Glasgow". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref>A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (March 13, 2019). "Film fans rejoice as Keanu Reeves film festival set to go ahead next month". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.<ref>"Ali Wong Assures Keanu Reeves Is a 'Sweet, Professional Guy' — Not Jerk from Always Be My Maybe". ''Peoplemag''. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.</ref>A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.<ref>Rodrigues, Leonardo (August 31, 2019). "Conquest: Tudo o que sabemos sobre a série que Keany Reeves está rodando em SP" [Conquest: Everything we know about the series filmed by Keanu Reeves in São Paulo]. ''Uol'' (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.</ref> Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.<ref>Carreyrou, John (November 22, 2023). "The Strange $55 Million Saga of a Netflix Series You'll Never See". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2023.</ref> A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.<ref>Greene, Andy (August 18, 2020). "Inside the Long, Strange Trip of 'Bill & Ted'". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.<ref>Lawrence, Derek (May 8, 2018). "'Bill & Ted 3' is officially happening". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.</ref> Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"<ref>Kramer, Gary M. (August 28, 2020). "The latest "Bill & Ted" adventure is more bogus than excellent, despite some chuckles". ''Salon''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.<ref>Greenblatt, Leah (August 27, 2020). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' is delightfully dumb". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.<ref>Lewis, Evan (June 12, 2019). "Keanu Reeves on Cyberpunk 2077, getting into gaming, John Wick, and more". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.<ref>Holson, Laura M. (August 21, 2019). "'The Matrix' Gets a Fourth Movie, and Keanu Reeves Is Back". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</ref> Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "''no game-changer''".<ref>Aspinall, Jeremy. "The Matrix Resurrections (2021)". ''Radio Times''. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</ref> '''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick''' John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa <ref>Greenblatt, Leah (March 13, 2023). "Something Wick-ed this way comes in ''John Wick: Chapter 4''". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref>. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.<ref>Motamayor, Raphael (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick: Chapter 4' Review: The Best Action Blockbuster Since 'Fury Road'". ''IndieWire''. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</ref> Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada ''Cyberpunk 2077'', ''Phanthom Liberty''.<ref>Egan, Toussaint (September 7, 2022). "Phantom Liberty is the 'only planned expansion' for Cyberpunk 2077". ''Polygon''. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.</ref> Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta, aka buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.<ref>Reeves, Keanu; Kindt, Matt (October 10, 2023). ''BRZRKR Vol. 3''. BOOM! Studios. ISBN <bdi>978-1-68415-712-9</bdi>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, a fitowar farko, sayarwar da ta kasance #1 tun Star a cikin 2015.<ref>Johnston, Rich (February 4, 2021). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR #1 Sells Over 615,000 Copies To Comic Stores". ''Bleeding Cool News And Rumors''. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</ref> Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman ''jam sessions'' a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama me suna, ''Somewhere Between the Power Lines and Palm Trees'' (2023). Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na ''BottleRock Napa Valley'', <ref>Vaziri, Aidin (May 28, 2023). "Keanu Reeves shakes off nerves at BottleRock for Dogstar's first concert in more than 20 years". ''San Francisco Chronicle''. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.</ref> Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.<ref>Al-Sardar, Ali. "Dogstar 2023 Tour Dates, Concerts & Tickets". ''Rock Informer''. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2023.</ref> A watan Yuli, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines'', mai suna ''Poetry of Madness''..<ref>"BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness - Exclusive Preview of the Prequel Story". ''IGN''. July 21, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na ''Ride with Norman Reedus'' (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".<ref>Ricci, Kimberley (September 7, 2023). "Look At How Happy Keanu Reeves Looks In New 'Ride With Norman Reedus' Footage". ''Uproxx''. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</ref> ''CinemaBlend's'' Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."<ref>Venable, Nick (October 23, 2023). "These Videos Of Keanu Reeves And Norman Reedus Hanging Out Can Instantly Put Me In A Good Mood". ''CinemaBlend''. Retrieved June 27, 2024.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don ''Hulu da Disney +''.<ref>"Disney+ F1 documentary: Brawn release date, cast and history". ''Autosport''. November 7, 2023. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</ref> Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". <ref>Seale, Jack (November 15, 2023). "Brawn: The Impossible Formula 1 Story review – Keanu Reeves is adorable". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</ref> A karshen wannan watan, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines series'', mai suna ''Fallen Empire''.<ref>"BRZRKR: Keanu Reeves' Immortal Warrior Returns in Fallen Empire". ''IGN''. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, ''Netflix'' ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon da suke mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.<ref>John, Carreyrou (May 31, 2024). "Netflix Wins $8.8 Million in Fight Over Planned TV Series". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.<ref>Robinson, KiMi (June 4, 2024). "Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar announces summer 2024 tour for their first album in 20 years". ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin ''The Book of Elsewhere'', wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.<ref>"Get a First Look at BRZRKR: A Faceful Of Bullets #1". ''Graphic Policy''. June 28, 2024. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref> Wani BRZRKR ''Bloodlines spin-off,'' mai suna ''The Lost Book of B'' wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.<ref>Schedeen, Jesse (May 23, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Returns to BRZRKR in The Lost Book of B". ''IGN''. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref>Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin ''Ancient Apocalypse'' akan ''Netflix,'' inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa ​​game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.<ref>Goldbart, Max (September 18, 2024). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Season 2 Confirmed By Netflix With Keanu Reeves Set To Feature". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved September 18, 2024.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Armored Core'' na jerin ''anthology series'' ''Secret Level'' .<ref>Coleman, Jack (October 14, 2024). "Secret Level Trailer Leaks, Revealing Main Cast". ''TheGamer''. Valnet. Retrieved October 16, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a ''Shadow the Hedgehog'' a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na ''Shadow Generations'' (2024).<ref>Stedman, Alex (September 24, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Will Headline an Upcoming Sonic x Shadow Generations DLC - State of Play". ''IGN''. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</ref> '''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa''' Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na ''Shadow'' ''the Hedgehog'' a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan ''Sonic the Hedgehog'', ''Sonic the'' ''Hedgehog 3'', wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.<ref>Couch, Aaron; Kit, Borys (April 15, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Joins 'Sonic 3' as Shadow". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, ''Good Fortune''.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (April 18, 2023). "Seth Rogen, Keanu Reeves to Star in Aziz Ansari Movie 'Good Fortune'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</ref> Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill a kan ''Apple TV+''.<ref>Prasad, Sumith (January 26, 2024). "Jonah Hill's Outcome Starring Keanu Reeves Begins Filming in LA in March". ''The CinemaHolic''. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.</ref> A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 From ''The World of John Wick: Ballerina'', an saita Reeves don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon mallakar Faransa.<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 21, 2024). "'Ballerina' Dances Into Summer 2025 As 'The Crow' Swoops Into John Wick Spinoff's June 2024 Date". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.</ref> An tsara Reeves ya zamo tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.<ref>Wiseman, Andreas (May 14, 2024). "Kirsten Dunst & Daniel Brühl Join Keanu Reeves In Ruben Östlund's ''The Entertainment System Is Down''; Director Buys Boeing 747 For Movie — Cannes Market Hot Project". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.<ref>Grobar, Matt (March 28, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Teaming With Fisher Stevens To Produce Doc On Kickboxer Benny "The Jet" Urquidez". ''Deadline''. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na ''Waiting for Godot'' wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.<ref>Lee, Benjamin (August 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves to make Broadway debut opposite Bill & Ted co-star Alex Winter". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved August 1, 2024.</ref> Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.<ref>Oddo, Marco Vito (October 4, 2022). "Keanu Reeves May Direct Movie Adaptation Of His Own Comic 'BRZRKR' [Exclusive]". ''Collider''. Valnet Inc. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</ref> Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan ''Netflix'' kuma wanda ''Production I.G'' ya shirya.<ref>Loo, Egan (July 22, 2022). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR Anime Series Animated by Production I.G With 2 Seasons Planned". ''Anime News Network''. Archived from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.</ref> Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, <ref>McNary, Dave (August 6, 2020). "'John Wick 5,' New 'Dirty Dancing' Movie With Jennifer Grey Officially in the Works at Lionsgate". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.</ref> amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan ''"Rest for the time being''".<ref>O'Connell, Mikey (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick' Filmmaker Chad Stahelski Talks Sequels, Oscar Stunt Snubs and Why Guns Still Show Up on Sets". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref> Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.<ref>Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2024). "'John Wick 4' Sequel Series From Keanu Reeves & Chad Stahelski Heats Up TV Marketplace". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar shi ta sirri == A cikin 1998, Reeves ya hadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka gudanar don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.<ref>Taylor, Trey (September 20, 2018). "Hollyweird: The Strange, Tragic Death of Jennifer Syme". ''Paper''. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta, inda jaririn da aka haifa bezo da rayuwa ba. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu sanadiyar motarta ta, da ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles<ref>Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref>. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.<ref name=":4">Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya kasance wanda ya ɗauki nauyin janazar Syme, <ref name=":4" /> wadda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.<ref>Daly, Sean (April 23, 2001). "Keanu Grieves for His Soul Mate, Jennifer". ''US Weekly''. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021.</ref> An tsara shi da ya yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa ''The Matrix'' a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ya kasance ubangida ne,<ref>Purcell, Andrew (November 2, 2014). "Keanu Reeves, John Wick's zen master with a gift for violence". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020. <q>Red carpet: Reeves with Brenda Davis, a filmmaker and friend.</q></ref> da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.<ref>Morris, Bob (December 20, 2011). "China Chow, With a Look of Her Own Making". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.<ref>Sharf, Zack (September 3, 2024). "Winona Ryder and Keanu Reeves Call Each Other Husband and Wife in Text Messages After Maybe Getting Married for Real on 'Dracula' Set". ''Variety''. Retrieved September 4, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2009, Reeves ya hadu da Alexandra Grant a wani cin abincin dare; inda suka ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare<ref>Rose, Steve (June 15, 2011). "How Keanu Reeves cheered up". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.</ref>. Sun sanar da jama'a alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.<ref>Hills, Megan (June 24, 2020). "Who is Keanu Reeves' girlfriend Alexandra Grant?". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne ''"personal and private''"<ref>Wilson, Staci Layne (February 14, 2005). "Interview with Constantine actor, Keanu Reeves". ''horror.com''. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019.</ref>. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”<ref>Stern, Marlow (September 13, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on 'Man of Tai Chi,' 'Bill & Ted' & 'Point Break'". ''The Daily Beast''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din ''Little Buddha''.<ref name=":5">"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."<ref name=":5" />. A cikin 2023, an radawa, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, suna, ''lipopeptide keanumycin'' domin girmama Reeves.<ref>"Scientists name fungus-killing substance after 'John Wick' star Keanu Reeves". ''KOMO''. March 6, 2023. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</ref> A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan ''Race 1'' da 24th akan ''Race 2'' a Titin Motar Indianapolis.<ref>Rosenbloom, Alli (October 6, 2024). "Keanu Reeves makes professional auto racing debut at Indianapolis Motor Speedway". CNN. Archived from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.</ref> == Takaddama == A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "''Pull My Daisy''" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.<ref>"Keanu Reeves performs "Pull My Daisy" on the 35th Annual Tibet House Benefit Concert March 3, 2022". ''youtube.com''. Tibet House US. March 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.</ref> An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.<ref>Davis, Rebecca (March 24, 2022). "China streamers scrub Keanu Reeves titles over his support for Tibet". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref><ref>Sharf, Zack (March 24, 2022). "Keanu Reeves Movies Reportedly Pulled Off Streaming Platforms in China Over His Tibet Support". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref> == A cikin kafafen yada labarai == A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun ''introvert'' na Hollywood".<ref name=":6">Grossman, Lev (February 14, 2005). "Keanu Reeves: The Man Who Isn't There". ''Time''. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa da "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”<ref name=":7">Finke, Nikki (October 25, 2012). "Keanu Reeves And Longtime Manager Erwin Stoff Hit Bumpy Road: Actor Almost Left 3 Arts But Instead Others There Repping Him". ''Deadline''. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Erwin Stoff na ''3 Arts Entertainment'' ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan shi tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawan alheri,."<ref>Clark, Meredith (March 16, 2023). "Keanu Reeves reacts to being declared the internet's boyfriend". ''The Independent''. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin ''Good Fortune'', ya yi ba'a cewa "''actually is an angel''", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba <ref>Mangalindan, JP (May 15, 2024). "Shogun's Hiroyuki Sanada Says John Wick Costar Keanu Reeves Is 'Hard on Himself' but 'Very Kind to Others'". ''People''. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" <ref>Suddath, Claire (June 15, 2010). "Help Cheer Up Keanu Reeves". ''Time''. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”<ref>"Keanu Reeves on Sad Keanu: "I Was Hungry!"". ''W Magazine''. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</ref> Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da ''"Internet's Boyfriend''".<ref>Lang, Cady (July 19, 2019). "Why Keanu Reeves Has Always Been the Internet's Soul Mate". ''Time''. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</ref>. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.<ref>Romano, Aja (August 16, 2019). "Keanu Reeves, explained". ''Vox''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.</ref> Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", <ref>Flatau, Seth (July 13, 2023). "10 Keanu Reeves Stories That Prove He's The Nicest Guy In Hollywood". ''Screen Rant''. Valnet Inc. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin",<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".<ref>Palma, Bethania (June 30, 2021). "Does Pic Show Keanu Eating Ice Cream at a Movie Theater?". ''Snopes''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> == Lambobin karramawa == Reeves ya shahara a tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi samun yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin Rubutun ''Tomatoes'', sun haɗa da: ''River's Edge'' (1987), ''Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), ''My Own Private Idaho'' (1991), ''Much Ado About Nothing'' (1993), ''Speed'' ​​(1994), ''The Matrix'' (1999), ''John Wick'' (2014), ''John Wick'': Babi na 2 (2017), ''John Wick:'' Babi na 3 - ''Parabellum'' (2019), da ''Toy'' ''Story 4'' (2019).<ref>"Keanu Reeves – Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da a taka a cikin ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's ''Most Sexiest Man Alive''.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar ''Tae Kwon'' ''Do Life'' ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin ''"# 1 Martial Arts star in the world"'' bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, ''TV, Comics'', da Littattafai a San Diego ''Comic-Con''.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 6gpjhvsjmgym93luhcemvndri3mnq1x 826695 826694 2026-04-26T16:56:42Z Usmanmaifada 20279 Daga kalmar Ya yi zuwa Ya zama 826695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] '''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo;<ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref> An haife shi a watan Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan [[wasan kwaikwayo]] ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Ɗan Kanada ne kuma mawaƙi, shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a ƙarni na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi a cikin ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a. An haife shi a [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]] kuma ya girma a [[Toronto]], Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin talabijin na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed ​​(1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003). Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya zama tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023). Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel. == Kuruciya == An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref>. Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref>]Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa, <ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa ​​da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref> Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Sydney, <ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]], inda ta auri Paul Aaron, darektan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref> Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da ''Etobicoke School of Arts'', inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da ''dyslexia'' kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin ''De La Salle'', ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗaukar shi a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar ''De La Salle College'', ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> == Sana'a == '''1984-1990: Aikin farko''' A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin ''Brad Fraser'' ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin ''"K. C."'' ko "''Casey''" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref> Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da ''NBC's Babes'' a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da ''Brotherhood of Justice''. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin ''Peter'' ''Markle's Youngblood'' (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "''natural and credible''", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Tune in Tomorrow''. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na ''Rush Rush'' wanda ya ƙunshi wani ''Rebel'' ''Without a Cause'' motif, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> '''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka''' A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a ''Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey'', mabiyi ga ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'', tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na ''sub-moronic'' [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara ''snickering'' duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manyan Haɗin gwiwa tare da ''River Phoenix'' a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada ''My Own Private Idaho'', Taurarin sun fara tafiyar suce ta gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan ''Shakespeare's Henry IV'', Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ''My Own Private Idaho'' ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin " "''a postmodern road'' ''movie with a mood of'' f''ree-floating, trance-like despair ... a rich, audacious experience''". ''The New York Times'' complimented Reeves ''and Phoenix''"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ''MTV Movie Awards'' na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Namiji Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga ''guitar bass''. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin ''Stoker's 1897 Dracula''. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi na ya yi daidai, ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa. Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin ''Much Ado About Nothing'', bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da ''Cowgirls Get the Blues'' da ''Little'' ''Buddha'', dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.<ref>"Little Buddha (1994)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 6, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ''Little Buddha'' sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan ''Speed'' ​​(1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed ​​shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na ''Point Break''.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves ''River Phoenix'' (kuma abokin aikina a ''My Own Private Idaho'') ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki ''Speed'' ​​​​a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. ''Gene Siskel'' na ''Chicago Tribune'' ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "Mai cikakkiyan kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita ''Speed'' ​​kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta ''blockbuster'' wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta ''Academy'' guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> '''1995–1998: Canjin aiki''' Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 ''cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic'', wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba ''Theatre Cente''r na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar ''Sunday Times Roger'' Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>. Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed ​​2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa ''Fox Century'' na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref> Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>.. '''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo''' A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a<ref>"Keanu: I was tricked into making film". ''The Guardian''. September 11, 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.<ref>"The Watcher (2000)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Gift". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."<ref>Clinton, Paul (January 19, 2001). "CNN.com – Entertainment – 'The Gift' a satisfying scare – January 19, 2001". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.<ref>"Sweet November (2001)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 4, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.<ref>Howe, Desson (February 16, 2001). "'Sweet November': Sugar Shock". ''www.washingtonpost.com''. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".<ref>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2001). "Hardball movie review & film summary (2001) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.<ref>"Dogstar: Keanu Reeves' Grunge Band You Need To Listen To ASAP". ''culturacolectiva.com''. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.<ref>Fothergill, Lucas (July 14, 2015). "I Was in a Band With Keanu Reeves". ''Vice''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.<ref>"Sydney sci-fi fans rush to re-enter the Matrix". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. May 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</ref> Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"<ref>Powers, John (May 15, 2003). "Stuck in the middle with Neo". ''LA Weekly''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.<ref>Walker, Alexander (May 16, 2003). "Amazing Matrix". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Matrix Reloaded". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on June 27, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.<ref>Clinton, Paul (November 6, 2003). "CNN.com – Review: 'Matrix' a waste of good technology – Nov. 6, 2003". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." <ref>Meyer, Carla (November 5, 2003). "The final installment of the Wachowski brothers' science fiction epic features cheesy computer-generated imagery and stodgy action sequences. It is 'The Matrix Disappoints.'". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.<ref>"Something's Gotta Give (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> '''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta''' n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.<ref>"Constantine (2005)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 26, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"<ref>Moses, Alexa (October 4, 2005). "Constantine". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.<ref>Scott, A.O. (September 16, 2005). "A Teenager With an Embarrassing Habit Finds Transformation Through Ritalin". ''The New York Times''. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".<ref>Thomson, Desson (September 30, 2005). "Delightful Dysfunction". ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.<ref>"Festival de Cannes – From 15 to 26 May 2013". October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.<ref>"A Scanner Darkly". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.<ref>Arendt, Paul (August 17, 2006). "BBC – Movies – review – A Scanner Darkly". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, <ref>"The Lake House". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</ref> Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.<ref>Kermode, Mark (June 25, 2006). "The Lake House". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Kern, Laura (November 3, 2006). "A Straightforward Look at Our Changing World". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.<ref>"Street Kings". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”<ref>Byrnes, Paul (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"<ref>Bradshaw, Peter (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.<ref>WELT (January 22, 2009). "2009 Razzies : Golden Raspberry Awards list of nominees". ''Die Welt''. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".<ref>Robey, Tim (December 11, 2008). "The Day the Earth Stood Still and Dean Spanley – review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.<ref>"The Private Lives of Pippa Lee". ''Film file''. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"<ref>Gritten, David (September 7, 2009). "The Private Lives of Pippa Lee, review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.<ref>"Henry's Crime". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.<ref>Hassan, Genevieve (June 22, 2011). "Keanu Reeves' Ode to Happiness". ''BBC News''. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.<ref>Scott, A. O. (August 30, 2012). "Finding Drama in Newfangled Filmmaking". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.<ref>"Generation Um... (2013)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, <ref>Davidson, Mike (May 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves makes director debut with modern Kung Fu film". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi (2013)". ''Kung-fu Kingdom''. April 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”<ref>McGinn, David (May 11, 2018). "Man of Tai Chi: Keanu Reeves's martial-arts flick lacks punch". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba. '''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick''' Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na ''John Wick'' ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.<ref>"Keanu Reeves plays hitman in 'John Wick' – Surprises with unexpected use of artillery in action scenes". ''Inquirer Movies''. December 19, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.<ref>Kilday, Gregg (October 14, 2014). "Bridget Moynahan Joins Keanu Reeves Thriller 'John Wick'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.<ref>Lowe, Justin (October 22, 2014). "'John Wick': Film Review". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".<ref>Catsoulis, Jeannette (October 23, 2014). "Pet's Slaughter Uncorks a Latent Inner Assassin". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.<ref>"John Wick". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, ''Knock Knock'' (2015), sake yin ''Death Game'' (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.<ref>Howell, Peter (October 8, 2015). "Reel Brief: Mini reviews of 99 Homes, Knock Knock, The Forbidden Room, Labyrinth of Lies, This Changes Everything". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.<ref>Leydon, Joe (June 1, 2015). "Film Review: 'Deep Web'". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.<ref>"Exposed (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 27, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa<ref>"Keanu (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on July 28, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).<ref>Bray, Catherine (May 18, 2019). "The Neon Demon review | Sight & Sound". ''British Film Institute''. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ''The Bad Batch''<ref>Pulver, Andrew (September 6, 2016). "The Bad Batch review: Keanu Reeves and Jim Carrey thrive in cannibal apocalypse". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".<ref>Murray, Noel (October 19, 2016). "An A-list cast and crew make a C+ courtroom drama with The Whole Truth". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.<ref>Greene, Steve (August 10, 2017). "'Swedish Dicks' Review: Keanu Reeves is a Rare Highlight in a Detective Series Too Goofy for its Own Good". ''IndieWire''. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 2". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).<ref>Hewitt, Chris (February 6, 2017). "John Wick: Chapter Two". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".<ref>Chang, Justin (February 9, 2017). "Review: Keanu Reeves knows gun-fu in the thrillingly disciplined 'John Wick: Chapter 2'". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017<ref>"2017 Sundance Film Festival: Competition And Next Lineup Announced". ''www.sundance.org''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.<ref>Leszkiewicz, Anna (July 10, 2017). "Don't watch Netflix's To The Bone". ''www.newstatesman.com''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.<ref>Roeper, Richard (September 23, 2018). "'A Happening of Monumental Proportions' wastes a deep cast of stars". ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 ''comedy Destination Wedding'', game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.<ref>Lowe, Justin (July 13, 2018). "'Siberia': Film Review | Hollywood Reporter". ''www.hollywoodreporter.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"<ref name=":3">Dowd, A.A. (January 11, 2019). "The Keanu Reeves sci-fi movie Replicas is so terrible it could give you an existential crisis". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.<ref name=":3" /><ref>"Replicas". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.<ref>Hertz, Barry (May 16, 2019). "Review: Tick tock, time to coldclock: Why John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum is the Swiss luxury watch of action cinema". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"<ref>Clarke, Cath (May 16, 2019). "John Wick: Chapter 3: Parabellum review – franchise bloat for Keanu Reeves' hitman". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref>. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.<ref>"2019 People's Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees on People's Choice Awards | E! News UK". ''E! News''. November 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (June 12, 2019). "How Keanu Reeves Ended Up in 'Toy Story 4' as Duke Caboom". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (June 4, 2018). "There's a Keanu Reeves film festival happening in Glasgow". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref>A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (March 13, 2019). "Film fans rejoice as Keanu Reeves film festival set to go ahead next month". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.<ref>"Ali Wong Assures Keanu Reeves Is a 'Sweet, Professional Guy' — Not Jerk from Always Be My Maybe". ''Peoplemag''. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.</ref>A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.<ref>Rodrigues, Leonardo (August 31, 2019). "Conquest: Tudo o que sabemos sobre a série que Keany Reeves está rodando em SP" [Conquest: Everything we know about the series filmed by Keanu Reeves in São Paulo]. ''Uol'' (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.</ref> Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.<ref>Carreyrou, John (November 22, 2023). "The Strange $55 Million Saga of a Netflix Series You'll Never See". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2023.</ref> A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.<ref>Greene, Andy (August 18, 2020). "Inside the Long, Strange Trip of 'Bill & Ted'". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.<ref>Lawrence, Derek (May 8, 2018). "'Bill & Ted 3' is officially happening". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.</ref> Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"<ref>Kramer, Gary M. (August 28, 2020). "The latest "Bill & Ted" adventure is more bogus than excellent, despite some chuckles". ''Salon''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.<ref>Greenblatt, Leah (August 27, 2020). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' is delightfully dumb". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.<ref>Lewis, Evan (June 12, 2019). "Keanu Reeves on Cyberpunk 2077, getting into gaming, John Wick, and more". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.<ref>Holson, Laura M. (August 21, 2019). "'The Matrix' Gets a Fourth Movie, and Keanu Reeves Is Back". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</ref> Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "''no game-changer''".<ref>Aspinall, Jeremy. "The Matrix Resurrections (2021)". ''Radio Times''. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</ref> '''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick''' John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa <ref>Greenblatt, Leah (March 13, 2023). "Something Wick-ed this way comes in ''John Wick: Chapter 4''". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref>. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.<ref>Motamayor, Raphael (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick: Chapter 4' Review: The Best Action Blockbuster Since 'Fury Road'". ''IndieWire''. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</ref> Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada ''Cyberpunk 2077'', ''Phanthom Liberty''.<ref>Egan, Toussaint (September 7, 2022). "Phantom Liberty is the 'only planned expansion' for Cyberpunk 2077". ''Polygon''. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.</ref> Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta, aka buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.<ref>Reeves, Keanu; Kindt, Matt (October 10, 2023). ''BRZRKR Vol. 3''. BOOM! Studios. ISBN <bdi>978-1-68415-712-9</bdi>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, a fitowar farko, sayarwar da ta kasance #1 tun Star a cikin 2015.<ref>Johnston, Rich (February 4, 2021). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR #1 Sells Over 615,000 Copies To Comic Stores". ''Bleeding Cool News And Rumors''. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</ref> Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman ''jam sessions'' a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama me suna, ''Somewhere Between the Power Lines and Palm Trees'' (2023). Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na ''BottleRock Napa Valley'', <ref>Vaziri, Aidin (May 28, 2023). "Keanu Reeves shakes off nerves at BottleRock for Dogstar's first concert in more than 20 years". ''San Francisco Chronicle''. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.</ref> Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.<ref>Al-Sardar, Ali. "Dogstar 2023 Tour Dates, Concerts & Tickets". ''Rock Informer''. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2023.</ref> A watan Yuli, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines'', mai suna ''Poetry of Madness''..<ref>"BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness - Exclusive Preview of the Prequel Story". ''IGN''. July 21, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na ''Ride with Norman Reedus'' (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".<ref>Ricci, Kimberley (September 7, 2023). "Look At How Happy Keanu Reeves Looks In New 'Ride With Norman Reedus' Footage". ''Uproxx''. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</ref> ''CinemaBlend's'' Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."<ref>Venable, Nick (October 23, 2023). "These Videos Of Keanu Reeves And Norman Reedus Hanging Out Can Instantly Put Me In A Good Mood". ''CinemaBlend''. Retrieved June 27, 2024.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don ''Hulu da Disney +''.<ref>"Disney+ F1 documentary: Brawn release date, cast and history". ''Autosport''. November 7, 2023. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</ref> Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". <ref>Seale, Jack (November 15, 2023). "Brawn: The Impossible Formula 1 Story review – Keanu Reeves is adorable". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</ref> A karshen wannan watan, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines series'', mai suna ''Fallen Empire''.<ref>"BRZRKR: Keanu Reeves' Immortal Warrior Returns in Fallen Empire". ''IGN''. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, ''Netflix'' ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon da suke mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.<ref>John, Carreyrou (May 31, 2024). "Netflix Wins $8.8 Million in Fight Over Planned TV Series". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.<ref>Robinson, KiMi (June 4, 2024). "Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar announces summer 2024 tour for their first album in 20 years". ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin ''The Book of Elsewhere'', wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.<ref>"Get a First Look at BRZRKR: A Faceful Of Bullets #1". ''Graphic Policy''. June 28, 2024. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref> Wani BRZRKR ''Bloodlines spin-off,'' mai suna ''The Lost Book of B'' wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.<ref>Schedeen, Jesse (May 23, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Returns to BRZRKR in The Lost Book of B". ''IGN''. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref>Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin ''Ancient Apocalypse'' akan ''Netflix,'' inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa ​​game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.<ref>Goldbart, Max (September 18, 2024). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Season 2 Confirmed By Netflix With Keanu Reeves Set To Feature". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved September 18, 2024.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Armored Core'' na jerin ''anthology series'' ''Secret Level'' .<ref>Coleman, Jack (October 14, 2024). "Secret Level Trailer Leaks, Revealing Main Cast". ''TheGamer''. Valnet. Retrieved October 16, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a ''Shadow the Hedgehog'' a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na ''Shadow Generations'' (2024).<ref>Stedman, Alex (September 24, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Will Headline an Upcoming Sonic x Shadow Generations DLC - State of Play". ''IGN''. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</ref> '''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa''' Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na ''Shadow'' ''the Hedgehog'' a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan ''Sonic the Hedgehog'', ''Sonic the'' ''Hedgehog 3'', wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.<ref>Couch, Aaron; Kit, Borys (April 15, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Joins 'Sonic 3' as Shadow". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, ''Good Fortune''.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (April 18, 2023). "Seth Rogen, Keanu Reeves to Star in Aziz Ansari Movie 'Good Fortune'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</ref> Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill a kan ''Apple TV+''.<ref>Prasad, Sumith (January 26, 2024). "Jonah Hill's Outcome Starring Keanu Reeves Begins Filming in LA in March". ''The CinemaHolic''. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.</ref> A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 From ''The World of John Wick: Ballerina'', an saita Reeves don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon mallakar Faransa.<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 21, 2024). "'Ballerina' Dances Into Summer 2025 As 'The Crow' Swoops Into John Wick Spinoff's June 2024 Date". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.</ref> An tsara Reeves ya zamo tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.<ref>Wiseman, Andreas (May 14, 2024). "Kirsten Dunst & Daniel Brühl Join Keanu Reeves In Ruben Östlund's ''The Entertainment System Is Down''; Director Buys Boeing 747 For Movie — Cannes Market Hot Project". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.<ref>Grobar, Matt (March 28, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Teaming With Fisher Stevens To Produce Doc On Kickboxer Benny "The Jet" Urquidez". ''Deadline''. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na ''Waiting for Godot'' wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.<ref>Lee, Benjamin (August 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves to make Broadway debut opposite Bill & Ted co-star Alex Winter". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved August 1, 2024.</ref> Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.<ref>Oddo, Marco Vito (October 4, 2022). "Keanu Reeves May Direct Movie Adaptation Of His Own Comic 'BRZRKR' [Exclusive]". ''Collider''. Valnet Inc. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</ref> Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan ''Netflix'' kuma wanda ''Production I.G'' ya shirya.<ref>Loo, Egan (July 22, 2022). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR Anime Series Animated by Production I.G With 2 Seasons Planned". ''Anime News Network''. Archived from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.</ref> Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, <ref>McNary, Dave (August 6, 2020). "'John Wick 5,' New 'Dirty Dancing' Movie With Jennifer Grey Officially in the Works at Lionsgate". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.</ref> amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan ''"Rest for the time being''".<ref>O'Connell, Mikey (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick' Filmmaker Chad Stahelski Talks Sequels, Oscar Stunt Snubs and Why Guns Still Show Up on Sets". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref> Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.<ref>Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2024). "'John Wick 4' Sequel Series From Keanu Reeves & Chad Stahelski Heats Up TV Marketplace". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar shi ta sirri == A cikin 1998, Reeves ya hadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka gudanar don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.<ref>Taylor, Trey (September 20, 2018). "Hollyweird: The Strange, Tragic Death of Jennifer Syme". ''Paper''. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta, inda jaririn da aka haifa bezo da rayuwa ba. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu sanadiyar motarta ta, da ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles<ref>Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref>. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.<ref name=":4">Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya kasance wanda ya ɗauki nauyin janazar Syme, <ref name=":4" /> wadda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.<ref>Daly, Sean (April 23, 2001). "Keanu Grieves for His Soul Mate, Jennifer". ''US Weekly''. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021.</ref> An tsara shi da ya yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa ''The Matrix'' a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ya kasance ubangida ne,<ref>Purcell, Andrew (November 2, 2014). "Keanu Reeves, John Wick's zen master with a gift for violence". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020. <q>Red carpet: Reeves with Brenda Davis, a filmmaker and friend.</q></ref> da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.<ref>Morris, Bob (December 20, 2011). "China Chow, With a Look of Her Own Making". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.<ref>Sharf, Zack (September 3, 2024). "Winona Ryder and Keanu Reeves Call Each Other Husband and Wife in Text Messages After Maybe Getting Married for Real on 'Dracula' Set". ''Variety''. Retrieved September 4, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2009, Reeves ya hadu da Alexandra Grant a wani cin abincin dare; inda suka ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare<ref>Rose, Steve (June 15, 2011). "How Keanu Reeves cheered up". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.</ref>. Sun sanar da jama'a alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.<ref>Hills, Megan (June 24, 2020). "Who is Keanu Reeves' girlfriend Alexandra Grant?". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne ''"personal and private''"<ref>Wilson, Staci Layne (February 14, 2005). "Interview with Constantine actor, Keanu Reeves". ''horror.com''. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019.</ref>. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”<ref>Stern, Marlow (September 13, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on 'Man of Tai Chi,' 'Bill & Ted' & 'Point Break'". ''The Daily Beast''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din ''Little Buddha''.<ref name=":5">"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."<ref name=":5" />. A cikin 2023, an radawa, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, suna, ''lipopeptide keanumycin'' domin girmama Reeves.<ref>"Scientists name fungus-killing substance after 'John Wick' star Keanu Reeves". ''KOMO''. March 6, 2023. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</ref> A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan ''Race 1'' da 24th akan ''Race 2'' a Titin Motar Indianapolis.<ref>Rosenbloom, Alli (October 6, 2024). "Keanu Reeves makes professional auto racing debut at Indianapolis Motor Speedway". CNN. Archived from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.</ref> == Takaddama == A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "''Pull My Daisy''" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.<ref>"Keanu Reeves performs "Pull My Daisy" on the 35th Annual Tibet House Benefit Concert March 3, 2022". ''youtube.com''. Tibet House US. March 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.</ref> An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.<ref>Davis, Rebecca (March 24, 2022). "China streamers scrub Keanu Reeves titles over his support for Tibet". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref><ref>Sharf, Zack (March 24, 2022). "Keanu Reeves Movies Reportedly Pulled Off Streaming Platforms in China Over His Tibet Support". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref> == A cikin kafafen yada labarai == A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun ''introvert'' na Hollywood".<ref name=":6">Grossman, Lev (February 14, 2005). "Keanu Reeves: The Man Who Isn't There". ''Time''. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa da "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”<ref name=":7">Finke, Nikki (October 25, 2012). "Keanu Reeves And Longtime Manager Erwin Stoff Hit Bumpy Road: Actor Almost Left 3 Arts But Instead Others There Repping Him". ''Deadline''. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Erwin Stoff na ''3 Arts Entertainment'' ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan shi tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawan alheri,."<ref>Clark, Meredith (March 16, 2023). "Keanu Reeves reacts to being declared the internet's boyfriend". ''The Independent''. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin ''Good Fortune'', ya yi ba'a cewa "''actually is an angel''", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba <ref>Mangalindan, JP (May 15, 2024). "Shogun's Hiroyuki Sanada Says John Wick Costar Keanu Reeves Is 'Hard on Himself' but 'Very Kind to Others'". ''People''. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" <ref>Suddath, Claire (June 15, 2010). "Help Cheer Up Keanu Reeves". ''Time''. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”<ref>"Keanu Reeves on Sad Keanu: "I Was Hungry!"". ''W Magazine''. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</ref> Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da ''"Internet's Boyfriend''".<ref>Lang, Cady (July 19, 2019). "Why Keanu Reeves Has Always Been the Internet's Soul Mate". ''Time''. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</ref>. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.<ref>Romano, Aja (August 16, 2019). "Keanu Reeves, explained". ''Vox''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.</ref> Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", <ref>Flatau, Seth (July 13, 2023). "10 Keanu Reeves Stories That Prove He's The Nicest Guy In Hollywood". ''Screen Rant''. Valnet Inc. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin",<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".<ref>Palma, Bethania (June 30, 2021). "Does Pic Show Keanu Eating Ice Cream at a Movie Theater?". ''Snopes''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> == Lambobin karramawa == Reeves ya shahara a tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi samun yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin Rubutun ''Tomatoes'', sun haɗa da: ''River's Edge'' (1987), ''Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), ''My Own Private Idaho'' (1991), ''Much Ado About Nothing'' (1993), ''Speed'' ​​(1994), ''The Matrix'' (1999), ''John Wick'' (2014), ''John Wick'': Babi na 2 (2017), ''John Wick:'' Babi na 3 - ''Parabellum'' (2019), da ''Toy'' ''Story 4'' (2019).<ref>"Keanu Reeves – Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da a taka a cikin ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's ''Most Sexiest Man Alive''.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar ''Tae Kwon'' ''Do Life'' ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin ''"# 1 Martial Arts star in the world"'' bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, ''TV, Comics'', da Littattafai a San Diego ''Comic-Con''.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] lun9fe3gbntr0m50mc6gi7aiah1t5df 826697 826695 2026-04-26T16:59:16Z Usmanmaifada 20279 826697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] '''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo;<ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref> An haife shi a watan Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan [[wasan kwaikwayo]] ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Ɗan Kanada ne kuma mawaƙi, shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a ƙarni na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi a cikin ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a. An haife shi a [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]] kuma ya girma a [[Toronto]], Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin talabijin na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed ​​(1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003). Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya zama tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023). Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel. == Kuruciya == An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref>. Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref>]Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa, <ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa ​​da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref> Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Sydney, <ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]], inda ta auri Paul Aaron, darektan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref> Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da ''Etobicoke School of Arts'', inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da ''dyslexia'' kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin ''De La Salle'', ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗaukar shi a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar ''De La Salle College'', ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> == Sana'a == '''1984-1990: Aikin farko''' A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin ''Brad Fraser'' ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin ''"K. C."'' ko "''Casey''" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref> Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da ''NBC's Babes'' a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da ''Brotherhood of Justice''. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin ''Peter'' ''Markle's Youngblood'' (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "''natural and credible''", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Tune in Tomorrow''. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na ''Rush Rush'' wanda ya ƙunshi wani ''Rebel'' ''Without a Cause'' motif, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> '''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka''' A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a ''Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey'', mabiyi ga ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'', tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na ''sub-moronic'' [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara ''snickering'' duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manyan Haɗin gwiwa tare da ''River Phoenix'' a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada ''My Own Private Idaho'', Taurarin sun fara tafiyar suce ta gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan ''Shakespeare's Henry IV'', Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ''My Own Private Idaho'' ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin " "''a postmodern road'' ''movie with a mood of'' f''ree-floating, trance-like despair ... a rich, audacious experience''". ''The New York Times'' complimented Reeves ''and Phoenix''"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ''MTV Movie Awards'' na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Namiji Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga ''guitar bass''. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin ''Stoker's 1897 Dracula''. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi na ya yi daidai, ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa. Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin ''Much Ado About Nothing'', bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da ''Cowgirls Get the Blues'' da ''Little'' ''Buddha'', dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.<ref>"Little Buddha (1994)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 6, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ''Little Buddha'' sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan ''Speed'' ​​(1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed ​​shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na ''Point Break''.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves ''River Phoenix'' (kuma abokin aikina a ''My Own Private Idaho'') ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki ''Speed'' ​​​​a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. ''Gene Siskel'' na ''Chicago Tribune'' ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "Mai cikakkiyan kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita ''Speed'' ​​kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta ''blockbuster'' wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta ''Academy'' guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> '''1995–1998: Canjin aiki''' Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 ''cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic'', wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba ''Theatre Cente''r na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar ''Sunday Times Roger'' Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>. Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed ​​2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa ''Fox Century'' na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref> Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>.. '''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo''' A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a<ref>"Keanu: I was tricked into making film". ''The Guardian''. September 11, 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.<ref>"The Watcher (2000)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Gift". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."<ref>Clinton, Paul (January 19, 2001). "CNN.com – Entertainment – 'The Gift' a satisfying scare – January 19, 2001". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.<ref>"Sweet November (2001)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 4, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.<ref>Howe, Desson (February 16, 2001). "'Sweet November': Sugar Shock". ''www.washingtonpost.com''. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".<ref>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2001). "Hardball movie review & film summary (2001) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.<ref>"Dogstar: Keanu Reeves' Grunge Band You Need To Listen To ASAP". ''culturacolectiva.com''. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.<ref>Fothergill, Lucas (July 14, 2015). "I Was in a Band With Keanu Reeves". ''Vice''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.<ref>"Sydney sci-fi fans rush to re-enter the Matrix". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. May 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</ref> Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"<ref>Powers, John (May 15, 2003). "Stuck in the middle with Neo". ''LA Weekly''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.<ref>Walker, Alexander (May 16, 2003). "Amazing Matrix". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Matrix Reloaded". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on June 27, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.<ref>Clinton, Paul (November 6, 2003). "CNN.com – Review: 'Matrix' a waste of good technology – Nov. 6, 2003". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." <ref>Meyer, Carla (November 5, 2003). "The final installment of the Wachowski brothers' science fiction epic features cheesy computer-generated imagery and stodgy action sequences. It is 'The Matrix Disappoints.'". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.<ref>"Something's Gotta Give (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> '''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta''' n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.<ref>"Constantine (2005)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 26, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"<ref>Moses, Alexa (October 4, 2005). "Constantine". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.<ref>Scott, A.O. (September 16, 2005). "A Teenager With an Embarrassing Habit Finds Transformation Through Ritalin". ''The New York Times''. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".<ref>Thomson, Desson (September 30, 2005). "Delightful Dysfunction". ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.<ref>"Festival de Cannes – From 15 to 26 May 2013". October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.<ref>"A Scanner Darkly". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.<ref>Arendt, Paul (August 17, 2006). "BBC – Movies – review – A Scanner Darkly". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, <ref>"The Lake House". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</ref> Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.<ref>Kermode, Mark (June 25, 2006). "The Lake House". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Kern, Laura (November 3, 2006). "A Straightforward Look at Our Changing World". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.<ref>"Street Kings". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”<ref>Byrnes, Paul (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"<ref>Bradshaw, Peter (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.<ref>WELT (January 22, 2009). "2009 Razzies : Golden Raspberry Awards list of nominees". ''Die Welt''. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".<ref>Robey, Tim (December 11, 2008). "The Day the Earth Stood Still and Dean Spanley – review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.<ref>"The Private Lives of Pippa Lee". ''Film file''. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"<ref>Gritten, David (September 7, 2009). "The Private Lives of Pippa Lee, review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.<ref>"Henry's Crime". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.<ref>Hassan, Genevieve (June 22, 2011). "Keanu Reeves' Ode to Happiness". ''BBC News''. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.<ref>Scott, A. O. (August 30, 2012). "Finding Drama in Newfangled Filmmaking". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.<ref>"Generation Um... (2013)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, <ref>Davidson, Mike (May 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves makes director debut with modern Kung Fu film". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi (2013)". ''Kung-fu Kingdom''. April 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”<ref>McGinn, David (May 11, 2018). "Man of Tai Chi: Keanu Reeves's martial-arts flick lacks punch". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba. '''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick''' Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na ''John Wick'' ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.<ref>"Keanu Reeves plays hitman in 'John Wick' – Surprises with unexpected use of artillery in action scenes". ''Inquirer Movies''. December 19, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.<ref>Kilday, Gregg (October 14, 2014). "Bridget Moynahan Joins Keanu Reeves Thriller 'John Wick'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.<ref>Lowe, Justin (October 22, 2014). "'John Wick': Film Review". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".<ref>Catsoulis, Jeannette (October 23, 2014). "Pet's Slaughter Uncorks a Latent Inner Assassin". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.<ref>"John Wick". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, ''Knock Knock'' (2015), sake yin ''Death Game'' (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.<ref>Howell, Peter (October 8, 2015). "Reel Brief: Mini reviews of 99 Homes, Knock Knock, The Forbidden Room, Labyrinth of Lies, This Changes Everything". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.<ref>Leydon, Joe (June 1, 2015). "Film Review: 'Deep Web'". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.<ref>"Exposed (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 27, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa<ref>"Keanu (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on July 28, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).<ref>Bray, Catherine (May 18, 2019). "The Neon Demon review | Sight & Sound". ''British Film Institute''. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ''The Bad Batch''<ref>Pulver, Andrew (September 6, 2016). "The Bad Batch review: Keanu Reeves and Jim Carrey thrive in cannibal apocalypse". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".<ref>Murray, Noel (October 19, 2016). "An A-list cast and crew make a C+ courtroom drama with The Whole Truth". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.<ref>Greene, Steve (August 10, 2017). "'Swedish Dicks' Review: Keanu Reeves is a Rare Highlight in a Detective Series Too Goofy for its Own Good". ''IndieWire''. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 2". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).<ref>Hewitt, Chris (February 6, 2017). "John Wick: Chapter Two". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".<ref>Chang, Justin (February 9, 2017). "Review: Keanu Reeves knows gun-fu in the thrillingly disciplined 'John Wick: Chapter 2'". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017<ref>"2017 Sundance Film Festival: Competition And Next Lineup Announced". ''www.sundance.org''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.<ref>Leszkiewicz, Anna (July 10, 2017). "Don't watch Netflix's To The Bone". ''www.newstatesman.com''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.<ref>Roeper, Richard (September 23, 2018). "'A Happening of Monumental Proportions' wastes a deep cast of stars". ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 ''comedy Destination Wedding'', game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.<ref>Lowe, Justin (July 13, 2018). "'Siberia': Film Review | Hollywood Reporter". ''www.hollywoodreporter.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"<ref name=":3">Dowd, A.A. (January 11, 2019). "The Keanu Reeves sci-fi movie Replicas is so terrible it could give you an existential crisis". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.<ref name=":3" /><ref>"Replicas". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.<ref>Hertz, Barry (May 16, 2019). "Review: Tick tock, time to coldclock: Why John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum is the Swiss luxury watch of action cinema". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"<ref>Clarke, Cath (May 16, 2019). "John Wick: Chapter 3: Parabellum review – franchise bloat for Keanu Reeves' hitman". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref>. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.<ref>"2019 People's Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees on People's Choice Awards | E! News UK". ''E! News''. November 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (June 12, 2019). "How Keanu Reeves Ended Up in 'Toy Story 4' as Duke Caboom". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (June 4, 2018). "There's a Keanu Reeves film festival happening in Glasgow". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref>A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (March 13, 2019). "Film fans rejoice as Keanu Reeves film festival set to go ahead next month". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.<ref>"Ali Wong Assures Keanu Reeves Is a 'Sweet, Professional Guy' — Not Jerk from Always Be My Maybe". ''Peoplemag''. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.</ref>A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.<ref>Rodrigues, Leonardo (August 31, 2019). "Conquest: Tudo o que sabemos sobre a série que Keany Reeves está rodando em SP" [Conquest: Everything we know about the series filmed by Keanu Reeves in São Paulo]. ''Uol'' (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.</ref> Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.<ref>Carreyrou, John (November 22, 2023). "The Strange $55 Million Saga of a Netflix Series You'll Never See". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2023.</ref> A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.<ref>Greene, Andy (August 18, 2020). "Inside the Long, Strange Trip of 'Bill & Ted'". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.<ref>Lawrence, Derek (May 8, 2018). "'Bill & Ted 3' is officially happening". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.</ref> Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"<ref>Kramer, Gary M. (August 28, 2020). "The latest "Bill & Ted" adventure is more bogus than excellent, despite some chuckles". ''Salon''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.<ref>Greenblatt, Leah (August 27, 2020). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' is delightfully dumb". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.<ref>Lewis, Evan (June 12, 2019). "Keanu Reeves on Cyberpunk 2077, getting into gaming, John Wick, and more". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.<ref>Holson, Laura M. (August 21, 2019). "'The Matrix' Gets a Fourth Movie, and Keanu Reeves Is Back". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</ref> Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "''no game-changer''".<ref>Aspinall, Jeremy. "The Matrix Resurrections (2021)". ''Radio Times''. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</ref> '''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick''' John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa <ref>Greenblatt, Leah (March 13, 2023). "Something Wick-ed this way comes in ''John Wick: Chapter 4''". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref>. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.<ref>Motamayor, Raphael (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick: Chapter 4' Review: The Best Action Blockbuster Since 'Fury Road'". ''IndieWire''. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</ref> Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada ''Cyberpunk 2077'', ''Phanthom Liberty''.<ref>Egan, Toussaint (September 7, 2022). "Phantom Liberty is the 'only planned expansion' for Cyberpunk 2077". ''Polygon''. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.</ref> Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta, aka buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.<ref>Reeves, Keanu; Kindt, Matt (October 10, 2023). ''BRZRKR Vol. 3''. BOOM! Studios. ISBN <bdi>978-1-68415-712-9</bdi>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, a fitowar farko, sayarwar da ta kasance #1 tun Star a cikin 2015.<ref>Johnston, Rich (February 4, 2021). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR #1 Sells Over 615,000 Copies To Comic Stores". ''Bleeding Cool News And Rumors''. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</ref> Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman ''jam sessions'' a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama me suna, ''Somewhere Between the Power Lines and Palm Trees'' (2023). Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na ''BottleRock Napa Valley'', <ref>Vaziri, Aidin (May 28, 2023). "Keanu Reeves shakes off nerves at BottleRock for Dogstar's first concert in more than 20 years". ''San Francisco Chronicle''. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.</ref> Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.<ref>Al-Sardar, Ali. "Dogstar 2023 Tour Dates, Concerts & Tickets". ''Rock Informer''. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2023.</ref> A watan Yuli, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines'', mai suna ''Poetry of Madness''..<ref>"BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness - Exclusive Preview of the Prequel Story". ''IGN''. July 21, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na ''Ride with Norman Reedus'' (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".<ref>Ricci, Kimberley (September 7, 2023). "Look At How Happy Keanu Reeves Looks In New 'Ride With Norman Reedus' Footage". ''Uproxx''. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</ref> ''CinemaBlend's'' Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."<ref>Venable, Nick (October 23, 2023). "These Videos Of Keanu Reeves And Norman Reedus Hanging Out Can Instantly Put Me In A Good Mood". ''CinemaBlend''. Retrieved June 27, 2024.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don ''Hulu da Disney +''.<ref>"Disney+ F1 documentary: Brawn release date, cast and history". ''Autosport''. November 7, 2023. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</ref> Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". <ref>Seale, Jack (November 15, 2023). "Brawn: The Impossible Formula 1 Story review – Keanu Reeves is adorable". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</ref> A karshen wannan watan, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines series'', mai suna ''Fallen Empire''.<ref>"BRZRKR: Keanu Reeves' Immortal Warrior Returns in Fallen Empire". ''IGN''. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, ''Netflix'' ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon da suke mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.<ref>John, Carreyrou (May 31, 2024). "Netflix Wins $8.8 Million in Fight Over Planned TV Series". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.<ref>Robinson, KiMi (June 4, 2024). "Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar announces summer 2024 tour for their first album in 20 years". ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin ''The Book of Elsewhere'', wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.<ref>"Get a First Look at BRZRKR: A Faceful Of Bullets #1". ''Graphic Policy''. June 28, 2024. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref> Wani BRZRKR ''Bloodlines spin-off,'' mai suna ''The Lost Book of B'' wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.<ref>Schedeen, Jesse (May 23, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Returns to BRZRKR in The Lost Book of B". ''IGN''. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref>Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin ''Ancient Apocalypse'' akan ''Netflix,'' inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa ​​game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.<ref>Goldbart, Max (September 18, 2024). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Season 2 Confirmed By Netflix With Keanu Reeves Set To Feature". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved September 18, 2024.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Armored Core'' na jerin ''anthology series'' ''Secret Level'' .<ref>Coleman, Jack (October 14, 2024). "Secret Level Trailer Leaks, Revealing Main Cast". ''TheGamer''. Valnet. Retrieved October 16, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a ''Shadow the Hedgehog'' a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na ''Shadow Generations'' (2024).<ref>Stedman, Alex (September 24, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Will Headline an Upcoming Sonic x Shadow Generations DLC - State of Play". ''IGN''. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</ref> '''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa''' Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na ''Shadow'' ''the Hedgehog'' a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan ''Sonic the Hedgehog'', ''Sonic the'' ''Hedgehog 3'', wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.<ref>Couch, Aaron; Kit, Borys (April 15, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Joins 'Sonic 3' as Shadow". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, ''Good Fortune''.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (April 18, 2023). "Seth Rogen, Keanu Reeves to Star in Aziz Ansari Movie 'Good Fortune'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</ref> Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill a kan ''Apple TV+''.<ref>Prasad, Sumith (January 26, 2024). "Jonah Hill's Outcome Starring Keanu Reeves Begins Filming in LA in March". ''The CinemaHolic''. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.</ref> A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 From ''The World of John Wick: Ballerina'', an saita Reeves don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon mallakar Faransa.<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 21, 2024). "'Ballerina' Dances Into Summer 2025 As 'The Crow' Swoops Into John Wick Spinoff's June 2024 Date". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.</ref> An tsara Reeves ya zamo tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.<ref>Wiseman, Andreas (May 14, 2024). "Kirsten Dunst & Daniel Brühl Join Keanu Reeves In Ruben Östlund's ''The Entertainment System Is Down''; Director Buys Boeing 747 For Movie — Cannes Market Hot Project". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.<ref>Grobar, Matt (March 28, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Teaming With Fisher Stevens To Produce Doc On Kickboxer Benny "The Jet" Urquidez". ''Deadline''. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na ''Waiting for Godot'' wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.<ref>Lee, Benjamin (August 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves to make Broadway debut opposite Bill & Ted co-star Alex Winter". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved August 1, 2024.</ref> Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.<ref>Oddo, Marco Vito (October 4, 2022). "Keanu Reeves May Direct Movie Adaptation Of His Own Comic 'BRZRKR' [Exclusive]". ''Collider''. Valnet Inc. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</ref> Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan ''Netflix'' kuma wanda ''Production I.G'' ya shirya.<ref>Loo, Egan (July 22, 2022). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR Anime Series Animated by Production I.G With 2 Seasons Planned". ''Anime News Network''. Archived from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.</ref> Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, <ref>McNary, Dave (August 6, 2020). "'John Wick 5,' New 'Dirty Dancing' Movie With Jennifer Grey Officially in the Works at Lionsgate". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.</ref> amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan ''"Rest for the time being''".<ref>O'Connell, Mikey (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick' Filmmaker Chad Stahelski Talks Sequels, Oscar Stunt Snubs and Why Guns Still Show Up on Sets". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref> Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.<ref>Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2024). "'John Wick 4' Sequel Series From Keanu Reeves & Chad Stahelski Heats Up TV Marketplace". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar shi ta sirri == A cikin 1998, Reeves ya hadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka gudanar don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.<ref>Taylor, Trey (September 20, 2018). "Hollyweird: The Strange, Tragic Death of Jennifer Syme". ''Paper''. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta, inda jaririn da aka haifa bezo da rayuwa ba. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu sanadiyar motarta ta, da ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles<ref>Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref>. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.<ref name=":4">Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya kasance wanda ya ɗauki nauyin janazar Syme, <ref name=":4" /> wadda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.<ref>Daly, Sean (April 23, 2001). "Keanu Grieves for His Soul Mate, Jennifer". ''US Weekly''. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021.</ref> An tsara shi da ya yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa ''The Matrix'' a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ya kasance ubangida ne,<ref>Purcell, Andrew (November 2, 2014). "Keanu Reeves, John Wick's zen master with a gift for violence". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020. <q>Red carpet: Reeves with Brenda Davis, a filmmaker and friend.</q></ref> da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.<ref>Morris, Bob (December 20, 2011). "China Chow, With a Look of Her Own Making". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.<ref>Sharf, Zack (September 3, 2024). "Winona Ryder and Keanu Reeves Call Each Other Husband and Wife in Text Messages After Maybe Getting Married for Real on 'Dracula' Set". ''Variety''. Retrieved September 4, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2009, Reeves ya hadu da Alexandra Grant a wani cin abincin dare; inda suka ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare<ref>Rose, Steve (June 15, 2011). "How Keanu Reeves cheered up". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.</ref>. Sun sanar da jama'a alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.<ref>Hills, Megan (June 24, 2020). "Who is Keanu Reeves' girlfriend Alexandra Grant?". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne ''"personal and private''"<ref>Wilson, Staci Layne (February 14, 2005). "Interview with Constantine actor, Keanu Reeves". ''horror.com''. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019.</ref>. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”<ref>Stern, Marlow (September 13, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on 'Man of Tai Chi,' 'Bill & Ted' & 'Point Break'". ''The Daily Beast''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din ''Little Buddha''.<ref name=":5">"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."<ref name=":5" />. A cikin 2023, an radawa, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, suna, ''lipopeptide keanumycin'' domin girmama Reeves.<ref>"Scientists name fungus-killing substance after 'John Wick' star Keanu Reeves". ''KOMO''. March 6, 2023. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</ref> A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan ''Race 1'' da 24th akan ''Race 2'' a Titin Motar Indianapolis.<ref>Rosenbloom, Alli (October 6, 2024). "Keanu Reeves makes professional auto racing debut at Indianapolis Motor Speedway". CNN. Archived from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.</ref> == Takaddama == A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "''Pull My Daisy''" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.<ref>"Keanu Reeves performs "Pull My Daisy" on the 35th Annual Tibet House Benefit Concert March 3, 2022". ''youtube.com''. Tibet House US. March 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.</ref> An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.<ref>Davis, Rebecca (March 24, 2022). "China streamers scrub Keanu Reeves titles over his support for Tibet". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref><ref>Sharf, Zack (March 24, 2022). "Keanu Reeves Movies Reportedly Pulled Off Streaming Platforms in China Over His Tibet Support". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref> == A cikin kafafen yada labarai == A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun ''introvert'' na Hollywood".<ref name=":6">Grossman, Lev (February 14, 2005). "Keanu Reeves: The Man Who Isn't There". ''Time''. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa da "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”<ref name=":7">Finke, Nikki (October 25, 2012). "Keanu Reeves And Longtime Manager Erwin Stoff Hit Bumpy Road: Actor Almost Left 3 Arts But Instead Others There Repping Him". ''Deadline''. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Erwin Stoff na ''3 Arts Entertainment'' ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan shi tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawan alheri,."<ref>Clark, Meredith (March 16, 2023). "Keanu Reeves reacts to being declared the internet's boyfriend". ''The Independent''. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin ''Good Fortune'', ya yi ba'a cewa "''actually is an angel''", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba <ref>Mangalindan, JP (May 15, 2024). "Shogun's Hiroyuki Sanada Says John Wick Costar Keanu Reeves Is 'Hard on Himself' but 'Very Kind to Others'". ''People''. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" <ref>Suddath, Claire (June 15, 2010). "Help Cheer Up Keanu Reeves". ''Time''. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”<ref>"Keanu Reeves on Sad Keanu: "I Was Hungry!"". ''W Magazine''. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</ref> Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da ''"Internet's Boyfriend''".<ref>Lang, Cady (July 19, 2019). "Why Keanu Reeves Has Always Been the Internet's Soul Mate". ''Time''. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</ref>. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.<ref>Romano, Aja (August 16, 2019). "Keanu Reeves, explained". ''Vox''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.</ref> Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", <ref>Flatau, Seth (July 13, 2023). "10 Keanu Reeves Stories That Prove He's The Nicest Guy In Hollywood". ''Screen Rant''. Valnet Inc. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin",<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".<ref>Palma, Bethania (June 30, 2021). "Does Pic Show Keanu Eating Ice Cream at a Movie Theater?". ''Snopes''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> == Lambobin karramawa == Reeves ya shahara a tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi samun yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin Rubutun ''Tomatoes'', sun haɗa da: ''River's Edge'' (1987), ''Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), ''My Own Private Idaho'' (1991), ''Much Ado About Nothing'' (1993), ''Speed'' ​​(1994), ''The Matrix'' (1999), ''John Wick'' (2014), ''John Wick'': Babi na 2 (2017), ''John Wick:'' Babi na 3 - ''Parabellum'' (2019), da ''Toy'' ''Story 4'' (2019).<ref>"Keanu Reeves – Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da a taka a cikin ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's ''Most Sexiest Man Alive''.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar ''Tae Kwon'' ''Do Life'' ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin ''"# 1 Martial Arts star in the world"'' bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, ''TV, Comics'', da Littattafai a San Diego ''Comic-Con''.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] qpl08nnv01sir7w3py2qfqwmuoyio63 826699 826697 2026-04-26T17:01:24Z Usmanmaifada 20279 826699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] '''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo;<ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref> An haife shi a watan Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan [[wasan kwaikwayo]] ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Ɗan Kanada ne kuma mawaƙi, shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a ƙarni na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi a cikin ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a. An haife shi a [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]] kuma ya girma a [[Toronto]], Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin talabijin na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed ​​(1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003). Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya zama tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023). Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel. == Kuruciya == An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref> Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref> Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa,<ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa ​​da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref> Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Sydney,<ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]], inda ta auri Paul Aaron, daraktan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref> Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da ''Etobicoke School of Arts'', inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da ''dyslexia'' kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin ''De La Salle'', ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗaukar shi a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar ''De La Salle College'', ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> == Sana'a == '''1984-1990: Aikin farko''' A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin ''Brad Fraser'' ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin ''"K. C."'' ko "''Casey''" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref> Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da ''NBC's Babes'' a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da ''Brotherhood of Justice''. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin ''Peter'' ''Markle's Youngblood'' (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "''natural and credible''", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Tune in Tomorrow''. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na ''Rush Rush'' wanda ya ƙunshi wani ''Rebel'' ''Without a Cause'' motif, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> '''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka''' A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a ''Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey'', mabiyi ga ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'', tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na ''sub-moronic'' [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara ''snickering'' duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manyan Haɗin gwiwa tare da ''River Phoenix'' a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada ''My Own Private Idaho'', Taurarin sun fara tafiyar suce ta gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan ''Shakespeare's Henry IV'', Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ''My Own Private Idaho'' ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin " "''a postmodern road'' ''movie with a mood of'' f''ree-floating, trance-like despair ... a rich, audacious experience''". ''The New York Times'' complimented Reeves ''and Phoenix''"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ''MTV Movie Awards'' na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Namiji Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga ''guitar bass''. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin ''Stoker's 1897 Dracula''. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi na ya yi daidai, ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa. Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin ''Much Ado About Nothing'', bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da ''Cowgirls Get the Blues'' da ''Little'' ''Buddha'', dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.<ref>"Little Buddha (1994)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 6, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ''Little Buddha'' sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan ''Speed'' ​​(1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed ​​shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na ''Point Break''.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves ''River Phoenix'' (kuma abokin aikina a ''My Own Private Idaho'') ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki ''Speed'' ​​​​a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. ''Gene Siskel'' na ''Chicago Tribune'' ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "Mai cikakkiyan kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita ''Speed'' ​​kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta ''blockbuster'' wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta ''Academy'' guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> '''1995–1998: Canjin aiki''' Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 ''cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic'', wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba ''Theatre Cente''r na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar ''Sunday Times Roger'' Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>. Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed ​​2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa ''Fox Century'' na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref> Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>.. '''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo''' A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a<ref>"Keanu: I was tricked into making film". ''The Guardian''. September 11, 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.<ref>"The Watcher (2000)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Gift". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."<ref>Clinton, Paul (January 19, 2001). "CNN.com – Entertainment – 'The Gift' a satisfying scare – January 19, 2001". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.<ref>"Sweet November (2001)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 4, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.<ref>Howe, Desson (February 16, 2001). "'Sweet November': Sugar Shock". ''www.washingtonpost.com''. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".<ref>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2001). "Hardball movie review & film summary (2001) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.<ref>"Dogstar: Keanu Reeves' Grunge Band You Need To Listen To ASAP". ''culturacolectiva.com''. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.<ref>Fothergill, Lucas (July 14, 2015). "I Was in a Band With Keanu Reeves". ''Vice''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.<ref>"Sydney sci-fi fans rush to re-enter the Matrix". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. May 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</ref> Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"<ref>Powers, John (May 15, 2003). "Stuck in the middle with Neo". ''LA Weekly''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.<ref>Walker, Alexander (May 16, 2003). "Amazing Matrix". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Matrix Reloaded". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on June 27, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.<ref>Clinton, Paul (November 6, 2003). "CNN.com – Review: 'Matrix' a waste of good technology – Nov. 6, 2003". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." <ref>Meyer, Carla (November 5, 2003). "The final installment of the Wachowski brothers' science fiction epic features cheesy computer-generated imagery and stodgy action sequences. It is 'The Matrix Disappoints.'". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.<ref>"Something's Gotta Give (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> '''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta''' n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.<ref>"Constantine (2005)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 26, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"<ref>Moses, Alexa (October 4, 2005). "Constantine". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.<ref>Scott, A.O. (September 16, 2005). "A Teenager With an Embarrassing Habit Finds Transformation Through Ritalin". ''The New York Times''. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".<ref>Thomson, Desson (September 30, 2005). "Delightful Dysfunction". ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.<ref>"Festival de Cannes – From 15 to 26 May 2013". October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.<ref>"A Scanner Darkly". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.<ref>Arendt, Paul (August 17, 2006). "BBC – Movies – review – A Scanner Darkly". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, <ref>"The Lake House". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</ref> Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.<ref>Kermode, Mark (June 25, 2006). "The Lake House". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Kern, Laura (November 3, 2006). "A Straightforward Look at Our Changing World". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.<ref>"Street Kings". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”<ref>Byrnes, Paul (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"<ref>Bradshaw, Peter (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.<ref>WELT (January 22, 2009). "2009 Razzies : Golden Raspberry Awards list of nominees". ''Die Welt''. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".<ref>Robey, Tim (December 11, 2008). "The Day the Earth Stood Still and Dean Spanley – review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.<ref>"The Private Lives of Pippa Lee". ''Film file''. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"<ref>Gritten, David (September 7, 2009). "The Private Lives of Pippa Lee, review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.<ref>"Henry's Crime". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.<ref>Hassan, Genevieve (June 22, 2011). "Keanu Reeves' Ode to Happiness". ''BBC News''. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.<ref>Scott, A. O. (August 30, 2012). "Finding Drama in Newfangled Filmmaking". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.<ref>"Generation Um... (2013)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, <ref>Davidson, Mike (May 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves makes director debut with modern Kung Fu film". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi (2013)". ''Kung-fu Kingdom''. April 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”<ref>McGinn, David (May 11, 2018). "Man of Tai Chi: Keanu Reeves's martial-arts flick lacks punch". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba. '''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick''' Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na ''John Wick'' ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.<ref>"Keanu Reeves plays hitman in 'John Wick' – Surprises with unexpected use of artillery in action scenes". ''Inquirer Movies''. December 19, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.<ref>Kilday, Gregg (October 14, 2014). "Bridget Moynahan Joins Keanu Reeves Thriller 'John Wick'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.<ref>Lowe, Justin (October 22, 2014). "'John Wick': Film Review". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".<ref>Catsoulis, Jeannette (October 23, 2014). "Pet's Slaughter Uncorks a Latent Inner Assassin". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.<ref>"John Wick". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, ''Knock Knock'' (2015), sake yin ''Death Game'' (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.<ref>Howell, Peter (October 8, 2015). "Reel Brief: Mini reviews of 99 Homes, Knock Knock, The Forbidden Room, Labyrinth of Lies, This Changes Everything". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.<ref>Leydon, Joe (June 1, 2015). "Film Review: 'Deep Web'". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.<ref>"Exposed (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 27, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa<ref>"Keanu (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on July 28, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).<ref>Bray, Catherine (May 18, 2019). "The Neon Demon review | Sight & Sound". ''British Film Institute''. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ''The Bad Batch''<ref>Pulver, Andrew (September 6, 2016). "The Bad Batch review: Keanu Reeves and Jim Carrey thrive in cannibal apocalypse". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".<ref>Murray, Noel (October 19, 2016). "An A-list cast and crew make a C+ courtroom drama with The Whole Truth". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.<ref>Greene, Steve (August 10, 2017). "'Swedish Dicks' Review: Keanu Reeves is a Rare Highlight in a Detective Series Too Goofy for its Own Good". ''IndieWire''. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 2". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).<ref>Hewitt, Chris (February 6, 2017). "John Wick: Chapter Two". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".<ref>Chang, Justin (February 9, 2017). "Review: Keanu Reeves knows gun-fu in the thrillingly disciplined 'John Wick: Chapter 2'". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017<ref>"2017 Sundance Film Festival: Competition And Next Lineup Announced". ''www.sundance.org''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.<ref>Leszkiewicz, Anna (July 10, 2017). "Don't watch Netflix's To The Bone". ''www.newstatesman.com''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.<ref>Roeper, Richard (September 23, 2018). "'A Happening of Monumental Proportions' wastes a deep cast of stars". ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 ''comedy Destination Wedding'', game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.<ref>Lowe, Justin (July 13, 2018). "'Siberia': Film Review | Hollywood Reporter". ''www.hollywoodreporter.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"<ref name=":3">Dowd, A.A. (January 11, 2019). "The Keanu Reeves sci-fi movie Replicas is so terrible it could give you an existential crisis". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.<ref name=":3" /><ref>"Replicas". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.<ref>Hertz, Barry (May 16, 2019). "Review: Tick tock, time to coldclock: Why John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum is the Swiss luxury watch of action cinema". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"<ref>Clarke, Cath (May 16, 2019). "John Wick: Chapter 3: Parabellum review – franchise bloat for Keanu Reeves' hitman". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref>. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.<ref>"2019 People's Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees on People's Choice Awards | E! News UK". ''E! News''. November 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (June 12, 2019). "How Keanu Reeves Ended Up in 'Toy Story 4' as Duke Caboom". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (June 4, 2018). "There's a Keanu Reeves film festival happening in Glasgow". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref>A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (March 13, 2019). "Film fans rejoice as Keanu Reeves film festival set to go ahead next month". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.<ref>"Ali Wong Assures Keanu Reeves Is a 'Sweet, Professional Guy' — Not Jerk from Always Be My Maybe". ''Peoplemag''. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.</ref>A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.<ref>Rodrigues, Leonardo (August 31, 2019). "Conquest: Tudo o que sabemos sobre a série que Keany Reeves está rodando em SP" [Conquest: Everything we know about the series filmed by Keanu Reeves in São Paulo]. ''Uol'' (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.</ref> Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.<ref>Carreyrou, John (November 22, 2023). "The Strange $55 Million Saga of a Netflix Series You'll Never See". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2023.</ref> A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.<ref>Greene, Andy (August 18, 2020). "Inside the Long, Strange Trip of 'Bill & Ted'". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.<ref>Lawrence, Derek (May 8, 2018). "'Bill & Ted 3' is officially happening". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.</ref> Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"<ref>Kramer, Gary M. (August 28, 2020). "The latest "Bill & Ted" adventure is more bogus than excellent, despite some chuckles". ''Salon''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.<ref>Greenblatt, Leah (August 27, 2020). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' is delightfully dumb". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.<ref>Lewis, Evan (June 12, 2019). "Keanu Reeves on Cyberpunk 2077, getting into gaming, John Wick, and more". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.<ref>Holson, Laura M. (August 21, 2019). "'The Matrix' Gets a Fourth Movie, and Keanu Reeves Is Back". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</ref> Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "''no game-changer''".<ref>Aspinall, Jeremy. "The Matrix Resurrections (2021)". ''Radio Times''. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</ref> '''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick''' John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa <ref>Greenblatt, Leah (March 13, 2023). "Something Wick-ed this way comes in ''John Wick: Chapter 4''". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref>. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.<ref>Motamayor, Raphael (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick: Chapter 4' Review: The Best Action Blockbuster Since 'Fury Road'". ''IndieWire''. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</ref> Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada ''Cyberpunk 2077'', ''Phanthom Liberty''.<ref>Egan, Toussaint (September 7, 2022). "Phantom Liberty is the 'only planned expansion' for Cyberpunk 2077". ''Polygon''. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.</ref> Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta, aka buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.<ref>Reeves, Keanu; Kindt, Matt (October 10, 2023). ''BRZRKR Vol. 3''. BOOM! Studios. ISBN <bdi>978-1-68415-712-9</bdi>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, a fitowar farko, sayarwar da ta kasance #1 tun Star a cikin 2015.<ref>Johnston, Rich (February 4, 2021). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR #1 Sells Over 615,000 Copies To Comic Stores". ''Bleeding Cool News And Rumors''. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</ref> Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman ''jam sessions'' a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama me suna, ''Somewhere Between the Power Lines and Palm Trees'' (2023). Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na ''BottleRock Napa Valley'', <ref>Vaziri, Aidin (May 28, 2023). "Keanu Reeves shakes off nerves at BottleRock for Dogstar's first concert in more than 20 years". ''San Francisco Chronicle''. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.</ref> Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.<ref>Al-Sardar, Ali. "Dogstar 2023 Tour Dates, Concerts & Tickets". ''Rock Informer''. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2023.</ref> A watan Yuli, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines'', mai suna ''Poetry of Madness''..<ref>"BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness - Exclusive Preview of the Prequel Story". ''IGN''. July 21, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na ''Ride with Norman Reedus'' (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".<ref>Ricci, Kimberley (September 7, 2023). "Look At How Happy Keanu Reeves Looks In New 'Ride With Norman Reedus' Footage". ''Uproxx''. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</ref> ''CinemaBlend's'' Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."<ref>Venable, Nick (October 23, 2023). "These Videos Of Keanu Reeves And Norman Reedus Hanging Out Can Instantly Put Me In A Good Mood". ''CinemaBlend''. Retrieved June 27, 2024.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don ''Hulu da Disney +''.<ref>"Disney+ F1 documentary: Brawn release date, cast and history". ''Autosport''. November 7, 2023. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</ref> Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". <ref>Seale, Jack (November 15, 2023). "Brawn: The Impossible Formula 1 Story review – Keanu Reeves is adorable". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</ref> A karshen wannan watan, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines series'', mai suna ''Fallen Empire''.<ref>"BRZRKR: Keanu Reeves' Immortal Warrior Returns in Fallen Empire". ''IGN''. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, ''Netflix'' ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon da suke mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.<ref>John, Carreyrou (May 31, 2024). "Netflix Wins $8.8 Million in Fight Over Planned TV Series". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.<ref>Robinson, KiMi (June 4, 2024). "Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar announces summer 2024 tour for their first album in 20 years". ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin ''The Book of Elsewhere'', wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.<ref>"Get a First Look at BRZRKR: A Faceful Of Bullets #1". ''Graphic Policy''. June 28, 2024. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref> Wani BRZRKR ''Bloodlines spin-off,'' mai suna ''The Lost Book of B'' wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.<ref>Schedeen, Jesse (May 23, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Returns to BRZRKR in The Lost Book of B". ''IGN''. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref>Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin ''Ancient Apocalypse'' akan ''Netflix,'' inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa ​​game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.<ref>Goldbart, Max (September 18, 2024). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Season 2 Confirmed By Netflix With Keanu Reeves Set To Feature". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved September 18, 2024.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Armored Core'' na jerin ''anthology series'' ''Secret Level'' .<ref>Coleman, Jack (October 14, 2024). "Secret Level Trailer Leaks, Revealing Main Cast". ''TheGamer''. Valnet. Retrieved October 16, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a ''Shadow the Hedgehog'' a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na ''Shadow Generations'' (2024).<ref>Stedman, Alex (September 24, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Will Headline an Upcoming Sonic x Shadow Generations DLC - State of Play". ''IGN''. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</ref> '''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa''' Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na ''Shadow'' ''the Hedgehog'' a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan ''Sonic the Hedgehog'', ''Sonic the'' ''Hedgehog 3'', wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.<ref>Couch, Aaron; Kit, Borys (April 15, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Joins 'Sonic 3' as Shadow". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, ''Good Fortune''.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (April 18, 2023). "Seth Rogen, Keanu Reeves to Star in Aziz Ansari Movie 'Good Fortune'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</ref> Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill a kan ''Apple TV+''.<ref>Prasad, Sumith (January 26, 2024). "Jonah Hill's Outcome Starring Keanu Reeves Begins Filming in LA in March". ''The CinemaHolic''. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.</ref> A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 From ''The World of John Wick: Ballerina'', an saita Reeves don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon mallakar Faransa.<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 21, 2024). "'Ballerina' Dances Into Summer 2025 As 'The Crow' Swoops Into John Wick Spinoff's June 2024 Date". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.</ref> An tsara Reeves ya zamo tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.<ref>Wiseman, Andreas (May 14, 2024). "Kirsten Dunst & Daniel Brühl Join Keanu Reeves In Ruben Östlund's ''The Entertainment System Is Down''; Director Buys Boeing 747 For Movie — Cannes Market Hot Project". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.<ref>Grobar, Matt (March 28, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Teaming With Fisher Stevens To Produce Doc On Kickboxer Benny "The Jet" Urquidez". ''Deadline''. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na ''Waiting for Godot'' wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.<ref>Lee, Benjamin (August 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves to make Broadway debut opposite Bill & Ted co-star Alex Winter". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved August 1, 2024.</ref> Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.<ref>Oddo, Marco Vito (October 4, 2022). "Keanu Reeves May Direct Movie Adaptation Of His Own Comic 'BRZRKR' [Exclusive]". ''Collider''. Valnet Inc. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</ref> Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan ''Netflix'' kuma wanda ''Production I.G'' ya shirya.<ref>Loo, Egan (July 22, 2022). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR Anime Series Animated by Production I.G With 2 Seasons Planned". ''Anime News Network''. Archived from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.</ref> Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, <ref>McNary, Dave (August 6, 2020). "'John Wick 5,' New 'Dirty Dancing' Movie With Jennifer Grey Officially in the Works at Lionsgate". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.</ref> amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan ''"Rest for the time being''".<ref>O'Connell, Mikey (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick' Filmmaker Chad Stahelski Talks Sequels, Oscar Stunt Snubs and Why Guns Still Show Up on Sets". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref> Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.<ref>Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2024). "'John Wick 4' Sequel Series From Keanu Reeves & Chad Stahelski Heats Up TV Marketplace". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar shi ta sirri == A cikin 1998, Reeves ya hadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka gudanar don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.<ref>Taylor, Trey (September 20, 2018). "Hollyweird: The Strange, Tragic Death of Jennifer Syme". ''Paper''. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta, inda jaririn da aka haifa bezo da rayuwa ba. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu sanadiyar motarta ta, da ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles<ref>Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref>. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.<ref name=":4">Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya kasance wanda ya ɗauki nauyin janazar Syme, <ref name=":4" /> wadda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.<ref>Daly, Sean (April 23, 2001). "Keanu Grieves for His Soul Mate, Jennifer". ''US Weekly''. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021.</ref> An tsara shi da ya yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa ''The Matrix'' a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ya kasance ubangida ne,<ref>Purcell, Andrew (November 2, 2014). "Keanu Reeves, John Wick's zen master with a gift for violence". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020. <q>Red carpet: Reeves with Brenda Davis, a filmmaker and friend.</q></ref> da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.<ref>Morris, Bob (December 20, 2011). "China Chow, With a Look of Her Own Making". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.<ref>Sharf, Zack (September 3, 2024). "Winona Ryder and Keanu Reeves Call Each Other Husband and Wife in Text Messages After Maybe Getting Married for Real on 'Dracula' Set". ''Variety''. Retrieved September 4, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2009, Reeves ya hadu da Alexandra Grant a wani cin abincin dare; inda suka ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare<ref>Rose, Steve (June 15, 2011). "How Keanu Reeves cheered up". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.</ref>. Sun sanar da jama'a alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.<ref>Hills, Megan (June 24, 2020). "Who is Keanu Reeves' girlfriend Alexandra Grant?". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne ''"personal and private''"<ref>Wilson, Staci Layne (February 14, 2005). "Interview with Constantine actor, Keanu Reeves". ''horror.com''. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019.</ref>. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”<ref>Stern, Marlow (September 13, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on 'Man of Tai Chi,' 'Bill & Ted' & 'Point Break'". ''The Daily Beast''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din ''Little Buddha''.<ref name=":5">"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."<ref name=":5" />. A cikin 2023, an radawa, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, suna, ''lipopeptide keanumycin'' domin girmama Reeves.<ref>"Scientists name fungus-killing substance after 'John Wick' star Keanu Reeves". ''KOMO''. March 6, 2023. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</ref> A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan ''Race 1'' da 24th akan ''Race 2'' a Titin Motar Indianapolis.<ref>Rosenbloom, Alli (October 6, 2024). "Keanu Reeves makes professional auto racing debut at Indianapolis Motor Speedway". CNN. Archived from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.</ref> == Takaddama == A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "''Pull My Daisy''" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.<ref>"Keanu Reeves performs "Pull My Daisy" on the 35th Annual Tibet House Benefit Concert March 3, 2022". ''youtube.com''. Tibet House US. March 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.</ref> An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.<ref>Davis, Rebecca (March 24, 2022). "China streamers scrub Keanu Reeves titles over his support for Tibet". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref><ref>Sharf, Zack (March 24, 2022). "Keanu Reeves Movies Reportedly Pulled Off Streaming Platforms in China Over His Tibet Support". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref> == A cikin kafafen yada labarai == A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun ''introvert'' na Hollywood".<ref name=":6">Grossman, Lev (February 14, 2005). "Keanu Reeves: The Man Who Isn't There". ''Time''. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa da "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”<ref name=":7">Finke, Nikki (October 25, 2012). "Keanu Reeves And Longtime Manager Erwin Stoff Hit Bumpy Road: Actor Almost Left 3 Arts But Instead Others There Repping Him". ''Deadline''. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Erwin Stoff na ''3 Arts Entertainment'' ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan shi tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawan alheri,."<ref>Clark, Meredith (March 16, 2023). "Keanu Reeves reacts to being declared the internet's boyfriend". ''The Independent''. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin ''Good Fortune'', ya yi ba'a cewa "''actually is an angel''", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba <ref>Mangalindan, JP (May 15, 2024). "Shogun's Hiroyuki Sanada Says John Wick Costar Keanu Reeves Is 'Hard on Himself' but 'Very Kind to Others'". ''People''. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" <ref>Suddath, Claire (June 15, 2010). "Help Cheer Up Keanu Reeves". ''Time''. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”<ref>"Keanu Reeves on Sad Keanu: "I Was Hungry!"". ''W Magazine''. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</ref> Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da ''"Internet's Boyfriend''".<ref>Lang, Cady (July 19, 2019). "Why Keanu Reeves Has Always Been the Internet's Soul Mate". ''Time''. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</ref>. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.<ref>Romano, Aja (August 16, 2019). "Keanu Reeves, explained". ''Vox''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.</ref> Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", <ref>Flatau, Seth (July 13, 2023). "10 Keanu Reeves Stories That Prove He's The Nicest Guy In Hollywood". ''Screen Rant''. Valnet Inc. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin",<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".<ref>Palma, Bethania (June 30, 2021). "Does Pic Show Keanu Eating Ice Cream at a Movie Theater?". ''Snopes''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> == Lambobin karramawa == Reeves ya shahara a tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi samun yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin Rubutun ''Tomatoes'', sun haɗa da: ''River's Edge'' (1987), ''Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), ''My Own Private Idaho'' (1991), ''Much Ado About Nothing'' (1993), ''Speed'' ​​(1994), ''The Matrix'' (1999), ''John Wick'' (2014), ''John Wick'': Babi na 2 (2017), ''John Wick:'' Babi na 3 - ''Parabellum'' (2019), da ''Toy'' ''Story 4'' (2019).<ref>"Keanu Reeves – Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da a taka a cikin ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's ''Most Sexiest Man Alive''.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar ''Tae Kwon'' ''Do Life'' ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin ''"# 1 Martial Arts star in the world"'' bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, ''TV, Comics'', da Littattafai a San Diego ''Comic-Con''.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 431647w42g2wienqlhmqjbin9ttgdjs 826701 826699 2026-04-26T17:03:35Z Usmanmaifada 20279 826701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] '''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo;<ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref> An haife shi a watan Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan [[wasan kwaikwayo]] ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Ɗan Kanada ne kuma mawaƙi, shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a ƙarni na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi a cikin ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a. An haife shi a [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]] kuma ya girma a [[Toronto]], Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin [[talabijin]] na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed ​​(1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003). Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya zama tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023). Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel. == Kuruciya == An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref> Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref> Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa,<ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa ​​da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref> Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Sydney,<ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]], inda ta auri Paul Aaron, daraktan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref> Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da ''Etobicoke School of Arts'', inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da ''dyslexia'' kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin ''De La Salle'', ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗaukar shi a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar ''De La Salle College'', ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> == Sana'a == '''1984-1990: Aikin farko''' A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin ''Brad Fraser'' ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin ''"K. C."'' ko "''Casey''" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref> Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da ''NBC's Babes'' a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da ''Brotherhood of Justice''. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin ''Peter'' ''Markle's Youngblood'' (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "''natural and credible''", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Tune in Tomorrow''. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na ''Rush Rush'' wanda ya ƙunshi wani ''Rebel'' ''Without a Cause'' motif, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> '''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka''' A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a ''Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey'', mabiyi ga ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'', tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na ''sub-moronic'' [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara ''snickering'' duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manyan Haɗin gwiwa tare da ''River Phoenix'' a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada ''My Own Private Idaho'', Taurarin sun fara tafiyar suce ta gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan ''Shakespeare's Henry IV'', Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ''My Own Private Idaho'' ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin " "''a postmodern road'' ''movie with a mood of'' f''ree-floating, trance-like despair ... a rich, audacious experience''". ''The New York Times'' complimented Reeves ''and Phoenix''"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ''MTV Movie Awards'' na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Namiji Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga ''guitar bass''. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin ''Stoker's 1897 Dracula''. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi na ya yi daidai, ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa. Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin ''Much Ado About Nothing'', bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da ''Cowgirls Get the Blues'' da ''Little'' ''Buddha'', dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.<ref>"Little Buddha (1994)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 6, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ''Little Buddha'' sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan ''Speed'' ​​(1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed ​​shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na ''Point Break''.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves ''River Phoenix'' (kuma abokin aikina a ''My Own Private Idaho'') ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki ''Speed'' ​​​​a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. ''Gene Siskel'' na ''Chicago Tribune'' ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "Mai cikakkiyan kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita ''Speed'' ​​kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta ''blockbuster'' wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta ''Academy'' guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> '''1995–1998: Canjin aiki''' Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 ''cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic'', wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba ''Theatre Cente''r na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar ''Sunday Times Roger'' Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>. Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed ​​2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa ''Fox Century'' na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref> Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>.. '''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo''' A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a<ref>"Keanu: I was tricked into making film". ''The Guardian''. September 11, 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.<ref>"The Watcher (2000)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Gift". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."<ref>Clinton, Paul (January 19, 2001). "CNN.com – Entertainment – 'The Gift' a satisfying scare – January 19, 2001". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.<ref>"Sweet November (2001)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 4, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.<ref>Howe, Desson (February 16, 2001). "'Sweet November': Sugar Shock". ''www.washingtonpost.com''. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".<ref>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2001). "Hardball movie review & film summary (2001) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.<ref>"Dogstar: Keanu Reeves' Grunge Band You Need To Listen To ASAP". ''culturacolectiva.com''. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.<ref>Fothergill, Lucas (July 14, 2015). "I Was in a Band With Keanu Reeves". ''Vice''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.<ref>"Sydney sci-fi fans rush to re-enter the Matrix". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. May 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</ref> Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"<ref>Powers, John (May 15, 2003). "Stuck in the middle with Neo". ''LA Weekly''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.<ref>Walker, Alexander (May 16, 2003). "Amazing Matrix". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Matrix Reloaded". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on June 27, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.<ref>Clinton, Paul (November 6, 2003). "CNN.com – Review: 'Matrix' a waste of good technology – Nov. 6, 2003". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." <ref>Meyer, Carla (November 5, 2003). "The final installment of the Wachowski brothers' science fiction epic features cheesy computer-generated imagery and stodgy action sequences. It is 'The Matrix Disappoints.'". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.<ref>"Something's Gotta Give (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> '''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta''' n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.<ref>"Constantine (2005)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 26, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"<ref>Moses, Alexa (October 4, 2005). "Constantine". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.<ref>Scott, A.O. (September 16, 2005). "A Teenager With an Embarrassing Habit Finds Transformation Through Ritalin". ''The New York Times''. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".<ref>Thomson, Desson (September 30, 2005). "Delightful Dysfunction". ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.<ref>"Festival de Cannes – From 15 to 26 May 2013". October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.<ref>"A Scanner Darkly". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.<ref>Arendt, Paul (August 17, 2006). "BBC – Movies – review – A Scanner Darkly". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, <ref>"The Lake House". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</ref> Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.<ref>Kermode, Mark (June 25, 2006). "The Lake House". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Kern, Laura (November 3, 2006). "A Straightforward Look at Our Changing World". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.<ref>"Street Kings". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”<ref>Byrnes, Paul (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"<ref>Bradshaw, Peter (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.<ref>WELT (January 22, 2009). "2009 Razzies : Golden Raspberry Awards list of nominees". ''Die Welt''. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".<ref>Robey, Tim (December 11, 2008). "The Day the Earth Stood Still and Dean Spanley – review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.<ref>"The Private Lives of Pippa Lee". ''Film file''. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"<ref>Gritten, David (September 7, 2009). "The Private Lives of Pippa Lee, review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.<ref>"Henry's Crime". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.<ref>Hassan, Genevieve (June 22, 2011). "Keanu Reeves' Ode to Happiness". ''BBC News''. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.<ref>Scott, A. O. (August 30, 2012). "Finding Drama in Newfangled Filmmaking". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.<ref>"Generation Um... (2013)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, <ref>Davidson, Mike (May 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves makes director debut with modern Kung Fu film". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi (2013)". ''Kung-fu Kingdom''. April 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”<ref>McGinn, David (May 11, 2018). "Man of Tai Chi: Keanu Reeves's martial-arts flick lacks punch". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba. '''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick''' Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na ''John Wick'' ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.<ref>"Keanu Reeves plays hitman in 'John Wick' – Surprises with unexpected use of artillery in action scenes". ''Inquirer Movies''. December 19, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.<ref>Kilday, Gregg (October 14, 2014). "Bridget Moynahan Joins Keanu Reeves Thriller 'John Wick'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.<ref>Lowe, Justin (October 22, 2014). "'John Wick': Film Review". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".<ref>Catsoulis, Jeannette (October 23, 2014). "Pet's Slaughter Uncorks a Latent Inner Assassin". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.<ref>"John Wick". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, ''Knock Knock'' (2015), sake yin ''Death Game'' (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.<ref>Howell, Peter (October 8, 2015). "Reel Brief: Mini reviews of 99 Homes, Knock Knock, The Forbidden Room, Labyrinth of Lies, This Changes Everything". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.<ref>Leydon, Joe (June 1, 2015). "Film Review: 'Deep Web'". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.<ref>"Exposed (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 27, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa<ref>"Keanu (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on July 28, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).<ref>Bray, Catherine (May 18, 2019). "The Neon Demon review | Sight & Sound". ''British Film Institute''. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ''The Bad Batch''<ref>Pulver, Andrew (September 6, 2016). "The Bad Batch review: Keanu Reeves and Jim Carrey thrive in cannibal apocalypse". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".<ref>Murray, Noel (October 19, 2016). "An A-list cast and crew make a C+ courtroom drama with The Whole Truth". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.<ref>Greene, Steve (August 10, 2017). "'Swedish Dicks' Review: Keanu Reeves is a Rare Highlight in a Detective Series Too Goofy for its Own Good". ''IndieWire''. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 2". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).<ref>Hewitt, Chris (February 6, 2017). "John Wick: Chapter Two". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".<ref>Chang, Justin (February 9, 2017). "Review: Keanu Reeves knows gun-fu in the thrillingly disciplined 'John Wick: Chapter 2'". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017<ref>"2017 Sundance Film Festival: Competition And Next Lineup Announced". ''www.sundance.org''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.<ref>Leszkiewicz, Anna (July 10, 2017). "Don't watch Netflix's To The Bone". ''www.newstatesman.com''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.<ref>Roeper, Richard (September 23, 2018). "'A Happening of Monumental Proportions' wastes a deep cast of stars". ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 ''comedy Destination Wedding'', game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.<ref>Lowe, Justin (July 13, 2018). "'Siberia': Film Review | Hollywood Reporter". ''www.hollywoodreporter.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"<ref name=":3">Dowd, A.A. (January 11, 2019). "The Keanu Reeves sci-fi movie Replicas is so terrible it could give you an existential crisis". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.<ref name=":3" /><ref>"Replicas". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.<ref>Hertz, Barry (May 16, 2019). "Review: Tick tock, time to coldclock: Why John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum is the Swiss luxury watch of action cinema". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"<ref>Clarke, Cath (May 16, 2019). "John Wick: Chapter 3: Parabellum review – franchise bloat for Keanu Reeves' hitman". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref>. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.<ref>"2019 People's Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees on People's Choice Awards | E! News UK". ''E! News''. November 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (June 12, 2019). "How Keanu Reeves Ended Up in 'Toy Story 4' as Duke Caboom". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (June 4, 2018). "There's a Keanu Reeves film festival happening in Glasgow". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref>A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (March 13, 2019). "Film fans rejoice as Keanu Reeves film festival set to go ahead next month". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.<ref>"Ali Wong Assures Keanu Reeves Is a 'Sweet, Professional Guy' — Not Jerk from Always Be My Maybe". ''Peoplemag''. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.</ref>A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.<ref>Rodrigues, Leonardo (August 31, 2019). "Conquest: Tudo o que sabemos sobre a série que Keany Reeves está rodando em SP" [Conquest: Everything we know about the series filmed by Keanu Reeves in São Paulo]. ''Uol'' (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.</ref> Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.<ref>Carreyrou, John (November 22, 2023). "The Strange $55 Million Saga of a Netflix Series You'll Never See". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2023.</ref> A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.<ref>Greene, Andy (August 18, 2020). "Inside the Long, Strange Trip of 'Bill & Ted'". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.<ref>Lawrence, Derek (May 8, 2018). "'Bill & Ted 3' is officially happening". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.</ref> Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"<ref>Kramer, Gary M. (August 28, 2020). "The latest "Bill & Ted" adventure is more bogus than excellent, despite some chuckles". ''Salon''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.<ref>Greenblatt, Leah (August 27, 2020). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' is delightfully dumb". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.<ref>Lewis, Evan (June 12, 2019). "Keanu Reeves on Cyberpunk 2077, getting into gaming, John Wick, and more". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.<ref>Holson, Laura M. (August 21, 2019). "'The Matrix' Gets a Fourth Movie, and Keanu Reeves Is Back". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</ref> Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "''no game-changer''".<ref>Aspinall, Jeremy. "The Matrix Resurrections (2021)". ''Radio Times''. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</ref> '''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick''' John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa <ref>Greenblatt, Leah (March 13, 2023). "Something Wick-ed this way comes in ''John Wick: Chapter 4''". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref>. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.<ref>Motamayor, Raphael (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick: Chapter 4' Review: The Best Action Blockbuster Since 'Fury Road'". ''IndieWire''. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</ref> Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada ''Cyberpunk 2077'', ''Phanthom Liberty''.<ref>Egan, Toussaint (September 7, 2022). "Phantom Liberty is the 'only planned expansion' for Cyberpunk 2077". ''Polygon''. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.</ref> Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta, aka buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.<ref>Reeves, Keanu; Kindt, Matt (October 10, 2023). ''BRZRKR Vol. 3''. BOOM! Studios. ISBN <bdi>978-1-68415-712-9</bdi>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, a fitowar farko, sayarwar da ta kasance #1 tun Star a cikin 2015.<ref>Johnston, Rich (February 4, 2021). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR #1 Sells Over 615,000 Copies To Comic Stores". ''Bleeding Cool News And Rumors''. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</ref> Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman ''jam sessions'' a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama me suna, ''Somewhere Between the Power Lines and Palm Trees'' (2023). Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na ''BottleRock Napa Valley'', <ref>Vaziri, Aidin (May 28, 2023). "Keanu Reeves shakes off nerves at BottleRock for Dogstar's first concert in more than 20 years". ''San Francisco Chronicle''. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.</ref> Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.<ref>Al-Sardar, Ali. "Dogstar 2023 Tour Dates, Concerts & Tickets". ''Rock Informer''. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2023.</ref> A watan Yuli, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines'', mai suna ''Poetry of Madness''..<ref>"BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness - Exclusive Preview of the Prequel Story". ''IGN''. July 21, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na ''Ride with Norman Reedus'' (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".<ref>Ricci, Kimberley (September 7, 2023). "Look At How Happy Keanu Reeves Looks In New 'Ride With Norman Reedus' Footage". ''Uproxx''. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</ref> ''CinemaBlend's'' Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."<ref>Venable, Nick (October 23, 2023). "These Videos Of Keanu Reeves And Norman Reedus Hanging Out Can Instantly Put Me In A Good Mood". ''CinemaBlend''. Retrieved June 27, 2024.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don ''Hulu da Disney +''.<ref>"Disney+ F1 documentary: Brawn release date, cast and history". ''Autosport''. November 7, 2023. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</ref> Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". <ref>Seale, Jack (November 15, 2023). "Brawn: The Impossible Formula 1 Story review – Keanu Reeves is adorable". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</ref> A karshen wannan watan, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines series'', mai suna ''Fallen Empire''.<ref>"BRZRKR: Keanu Reeves' Immortal Warrior Returns in Fallen Empire". ''IGN''. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, ''Netflix'' ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon da suke mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.<ref>John, Carreyrou (May 31, 2024). "Netflix Wins $8.8 Million in Fight Over Planned TV Series". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.<ref>Robinson, KiMi (June 4, 2024). "Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar announces summer 2024 tour for their first album in 20 years". ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin ''The Book of Elsewhere'', wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.<ref>"Get a First Look at BRZRKR: A Faceful Of Bullets #1". ''Graphic Policy''. June 28, 2024. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref> Wani BRZRKR ''Bloodlines spin-off,'' mai suna ''The Lost Book of B'' wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.<ref>Schedeen, Jesse (May 23, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Returns to BRZRKR in The Lost Book of B". ''IGN''. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref>Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin ''Ancient Apocalypse'' akan ''Netflix,'' inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa ​​game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.<ref>Goldbart, Max (September 18, 2024). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Season 2 Confirmed By Netflix With Keanu Reeves Set To Feature". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved September 18, 2024.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Armored Core'' na jerin ''anthology series'' ''Secret Level'' .<ref>Coleman, Jack (October 14, 2024). "Secret Level Trailer Leaks, Revealing Main Cast". ''TheGamer''. Valnet. Retrieved October 16, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a ''Shadow the Hedgehog'' a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na ''Shadow Generations'' (2024).<ref>Stedman, Alex (September 24, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Will Headline an Upcoming Sonic x Shadow Generations DLC - State of Play". ''IGN''. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</ref> '''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa''' Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na ''Shadow'' ''the Hedgehog'' a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan ''Sonic the Hedgehog'', ''Sonic the'' ''Hedgehog 3'', wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.<ref>Couch, Aaron; Kit, Borys (April 15, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Joins 'Sonic 3' as Shadow". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, ''Good Fortune''.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (April 18, 2023). "Seth Rogen, Keanu Reeves to Star in Aziz Ansari Movie 'Good Fortune'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</ref> Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill a kan ''Apple TV+''.<ref>Prasad, Sumith (January 26, 2024). "Jonah Hill's Outcome Starring Keanu Reeves Begins Filming in LA in March". ''The CinemaHolic''. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.</ref> A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 From ''The World of John Wick: Ballerina'', an saita Reeves don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon mallakar Faransa.<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 21, 2024). "'Ballerina' Dances Into Summer 2025 As 'The Crow' Swoops Into John Wick Spinoff's June 2024 Date". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.</ref> An tsara Reeves ya zamo tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.<ref>Wiseman, Andreas (May 14, 2024). "Kirsten Dunst & Daniel Brühl Join Keanu Reeves In Ruben Östlund's ''The Entertainment System Is Down''; Director Buys Boeing 747 For Movie — Cannes Market Hot Project". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.<ref>Grobar, Matt (March 28, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Teaming With Fisher Stevens To Produce Doc On Kickboxer Benny "The Jet" Urquidez". ''Deadline''. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na ''Waiting for Godot'' wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.<ref>Lee, Benjamin (August 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves to make Broadway debut opposite Bill & Ted co-star Alex Winter". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved August 1, 2024.</ref> Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.<ref>Oddo, Marco Vito (October 4, 2022). "Keanu Reeves May Direct Movie Adaptation Of His Own Comic 'BRZRKR' [Exclusive]". ''Collider''. Valnet Inc. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</ref> Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan ''Netflix'' kuma wanda ''Production I.G'' ya shirya.<ref>Loo, Egan (July 22, 2022). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR Anime Series Animated by Production I.G With 2 Seasons Planned". ''Anime News Network''. Archived from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.</ref> Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, <ref>McNary, Dave (August 6, 2020). "'John Wick 5,' New 'Dirty Dancing' Movie With Jennifer Grey Officially in the Works at Lionsgate". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.</ref> amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan ''"Rest for the time being''".<ref>O'Connell, Mikey (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick' Filmmaker Chad Stahelski Talks Sequels, Oscar Stunt Snubs and Why Guns Still Show Up on Sets". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref> Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.<ref>Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2024). "'John Wick 4' Sequel Series From Keanu Reeves & Chad Stahelski Heats Up TV Marketplace". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar shi ta sirri == A cikin 1998, Reeves ya hadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka gudanar don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.<ref>Taylor, Trey (September 20, 2018). "Hollyweird: The Strange, Tragic Death of Jennifer Syme". ''Paper''. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta, inda jaririn da aka haifa bezo da rayuwa ba. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu sanadiyar motarta ta, da ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles<ref>Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref>. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.<ref name=":4">Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya kasance wanda ya ɗauki nauyin janazar Syme, <ref name=":4" /> wadda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.<ref>Daly, Sean (April 23, 2001). "Keanu Grieves for His Soul Mate, Jennifer". ''US Weekly''. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021.</ref> An tsara shi da ya yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa ''The Matrix'' a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ya kasance ubangida ne,<ref>Purcell, Andrew (November 2, 2014). "Keanu Reeves, John Wick's zen master with a gift for violence". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020. <q>Red carpet: Reeves with Brenda Davis, a filmmaker and friend.</q></ref> da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.<ref>Morris, Bob (December 20, 2011). "China Chow, With a Look of Her Own Making". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.<ref>Sharf, Zack (September 3, 2024). "Winona Ryder and Keanu Reeves Call Each Other Husband and Wife in Text Messages After Maybe Getting Married for Real on 'Dracula' Set". ''Variety''. Retrieved September 4, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2009, Reeves ya hadu da Alexandra Grant a wani cin abincin dare; inda suka ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare<ref>Rose, Steve (June 15, 2011). "How Keanu Reeves cheered up". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.</ref>. Sun sanar da jama'a alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.<ref>Hills, Megan (June 24, 2020). "Who is Keanu Reeves' girlfriend Alexandra Grant?". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne ''"personal and private''"<ref>Wilson, Staci Layne (February 14, 2005). "Interview with Constantine actor, Keanu Reeves". ''horror.com''. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019.</ref>. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”<ref>Stern, Marlow (September 13, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on 'Man of Tai Chi,' 'Bill & Ted' & 'Point Break'". ''The Daily Beast''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din ''Little Buddha''.<ref name=":5">"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."<ref name=":5" />. A cikin 2023, an radawa, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, suna, ''lipopeptide keanumycin'' domin girmama Reeves.<ref>"Scientists name fungus-killing substance after 'John Wick' star Keanu Reeves". ''KOMO''. March 6, 2023. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</ref> A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan ''Race 1'' da 24th akan ''Race 2'' a Titin Motar Indianapolis.<ref>Rosenbloom, Alli (October 6, 2024). "Keanu Reeves makes professional auto racing debut at Indianapolis Motor Speedway". CNN. Archived from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.</ref> == Takaddama == A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "''Pull My Daisy''" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.<ref>"Keanu Reeves performs "Pull My Daisy" on the 35th Annual Tibet House Benefit Concert March 3, 2022". ''youtube.com''. Tibet House US. March 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.</ref> An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.<ref>Davis, Rebecca (March 24, 2022). "China streamers scrub Keanu Reeves titles over his support for Tibet". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref><ref>Sharf, Zack (March 24, 2022). "Keanu Reeves Movies Reportedly Pulled Off Streaming Platforms in China Over His Tibet Support". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref> == A cikin kafafen yada labarai == A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun ''introvert'' na Hollywood".<ref name=":6">Grossman, Lev (February 14, 2005). "Keanu Reeves: The Man Who Isn't There". ''Time''. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa da "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”<ref name=":7">Finke, Nikki (October 25, 2012). "Keanu Reeves And Longtime Manager Erwin Stoff Hit Bumpy Road: Actor Almost Left 3 Arts But Instead Others There Repping Him". ''Deadline''. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Erwin Stoff na ''3 Arts Entertainment'' ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan shi tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawan alheri,."<ref>Clark, Meredith (March 16, 2023). "Keanu Reeves reacts to being declared the internet's boyfriend". ''The Independent''. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin ''Good Fortune'', ya yi ba'a cewa "''actually is an angel''", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba <ref>Mangalindan, JP (May 15, 2024). "Shogun's Hiroyuki Sanada Says John Wick Costar Keanu Reeves Is 'Hard on Himself' but 'Very Kind to Others'". ''People''. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" <ref>Suddath, Claire (June 15, 2010). "Help Cheer Up Keanu Reeves". ''Time''. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”<ref>"Keanu Reeves on Sad Keanu: "I Was Hungry!"". ''W Magazine''. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</ref> Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da ''"Internet's Boyfriend''".<ref>Lang, Cady (July 19, 2019). "Why Keanu Reeves Has Always Been the Internet's Soul Mate". ''Time''. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</ref>. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.<ref>Romano, Aja (August 16, 2019). "Keanu Reeves, explained". ''Vox''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.</ref> Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", <ref>Flatau, Seth (July 13, 2023). "10 Keanu Reeves Stories That Prove He's The Nicest Guy In Hollywood". ''Screen Rant''. Valnet Inc. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin",<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".<ref>Palma, Bethania (June 30, 2021). "Does Pic Show Keanu Eating Ice Cream at a Movie Theater?". ''Snopes''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> == Lambobin karramawa == Reeves ya shahara a tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi samun yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin Rubutun ''Tomatoes'', sun haɗa da: ''River's Edge'' (1987), ''Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), ''My Own Private Idaho'' (1991), ''Much Ado About Nothing'' (1993), ''Speed'' ​​(1994), ''The Matrix'' (1999), ''John Wick'' (2014), ''John Wick'': Babi na 2 (2017), ''John Wick:'' Babi na 3 - ''Parabellum'' (2019), da ''Toy'' ''Story 4'' (2019).<ref>"Keanu Reeves – Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da a taka a cikin ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's ''Most Sexiest Man Alive''.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar ''Tae Kwon'' ''Do Life'' ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin ''"# 1 Martial Arts star in the world"'' bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, ''TV, Comics'', da Littattafai a San Diego ''Comic-Con''.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] h26675zx6ezdi8c9w2nmj21d8nf48px 826702 826701 2026-04-26T17:05:14Z Usmanmaifada 20279 826702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] '''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo;<ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref> An haife shi a watan Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan [[wasan kwaikwayo]] ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Ɗan Kanada ne kuma mawaƙi, shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a ƙarni na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi a cikin ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a [[duniya]]. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a. An haife shi a [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]] kuma ya girma a [[Toronto]], Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin [[talabijin]] na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed ​​(1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003). Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya zama tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023). Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel. == Kuruciya == An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref> Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref> Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa,<ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa ​​da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref> Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Sydney,<ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]], inda ta auri Paul Aaron, daraktan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref> Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da ''Etobicoke School of Arts'', inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da ''dyslexia'' kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin ''De La Salle'', ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗaukar shi a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar ''De La Salle College'', ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> == Sana'a == '''1984-1990: Aikin farko''' A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin ''Brad Fraser'' ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin ''"K. C."'' ko "''Casey''" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref> Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da ''NBC's Babes'' a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da ''Brotherhood of Justice''. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin ''Peter'' ''Markle's Youngblood'' (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "''natural and credible''", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Tune in Tomorrow''. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na ''Rush Rush'' wanda ya ƙunshi wani ''Rebel'' ''Without a Cause'' motif, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> '''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka''' A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a ''Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey'', mabiyi ga ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'', tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na ''sub-moronic'' [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara ''snickering'' duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manyan Haɗin gwiwa tare da ''River Phoenix'' a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada ''My Own Private Idaho'', Taurarin sun fara tafiyar suce ta gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan ''Shakespeare's Henry IV'', Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ''My Own Private Idaho'' ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin " "''a postmodern road'' ''movie with a mood of'' f''ree-floating, trance-like despair ... a rich, audacious experience''". ''The New York Times'' complimented Reeves ''and Phoenix''"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ''MTV Movie Awards'' na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Namiji Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga ''guitar bass''. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin ''Stoker's 1897 Dracula''. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi na ya yi daidai, ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa. Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin ''Much Ado About Nothing'', bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da ''Cowgirls Get the Blues'' da ''Little'' ''Buddha'', dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.<ref>"Little Buddha (1994)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 6, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ''Little Buddha'' sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan ''Speed'' ​​(1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed ​​shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na ''Point Break''.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves ''River Phoenix'' (kuma abokin aikina a ''My Own Private Idaho'') ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki ''Speed'' ​​​​a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. ''Gene Siskel'' na ''Chicago Tribune'' ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "Mai cikakkiyan kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita ''Speed'' ​​kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta ''blockbuster'' wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta ''Academy'' guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> '''1995–1998: Canjin aiki''' Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 ''cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic'', wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba ''Theatre Cente''r na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar ''Sunday Times Roger'' Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>. Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed ​​2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa ''Fox Century'' na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref> Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>.. '''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo''' A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a<ref>"Keanu: I was tricked into making film". ''The Guardian''. September 11, 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.<ref>"The Watcher (2000)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Gift". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."<ref>Clinton, Paul (January 19, 2001). "CNN.com – Entertainment – 'The Gift' a satisfying scare – January 19, 2001". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.<ref>"Sweet November (2001)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 4, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.<ref>Howe, Desson (February 16, 2001). "'Sweet November': Sugar Shock". ''www.washingtonpost.com''. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".<ref>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2001). "Hardball movie review & film summary (2001) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.<ref>"Dogstar: Keanu Reeves' Grunge Band You Need To Listen To ASAP". ''culturacolectiva.com''. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.<ref>Fothergill, Lucas (July 14, 2015). "I Was in a Band With Keanu Reeves". ''Vice''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.<ref>"Sydney sci-fi fans rush to re-enter the Matrix". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. May 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</ref> Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"<ref>Powers, John (May 15, 2003). "Stuck in the middle with Neo". ''LA Weekly''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.<ref>Walker, Alexander (May 16, 2003). "Amazing Matrix". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Matrix Reloaded". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on June 27, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.<ref>Clinton, Paul (November 6, 2003). "CNN.com – Review: 'Matrix' a waste of good technology – Nov. 6, 2003". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." <ref>Meyer, Carla (November 5, 2003). "The final installment of the Wachowski brothers' science fiction epic features cheesy computer-generated imagery and stodgy action sequences. It is 'The Matrix Disappoints.'". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.<ref>"Something's Gotta Give (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> '''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta''' n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.<ref>"Constantine (2005)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 26, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"<ref>Moses, Alexa (October 4, 2005). "Constantine". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.<ref>Scott, A.O. (September 16, 2005). "A Teenager With an Embarrassing Habit Finds Transformation Through Ritalin". ''The New York Times''. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".<ref>Thomson, Desson (September 30, 2005). "Delightful Dysfunction". ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.<ref>"Festival de Cannes – From 15 to 26 May 2013". October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.<ref>"A Scanner Darkly". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.<ref>Arendt, Paul (August 17, 2006). "BBC – Movies – review – A Scanner Darkly". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, <ref>"The Lake House". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</ref> Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.<ref>Kermode, Mark (June 25, 2006). "The Lake House". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Kern, Laura (November 3, 2006). "A Straightforward Look at Our Changing World". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.<ref>"Street Kings". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”<ref>Byrnes, Paul (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"<ref>Bradshaw, Peter (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.<ref>WELT (January 22, 2009). "2009 Razzies : Golden Raspberry Awards list of nominees". ''Die Welt''. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".<ref>Robey, Tim (December 11, 2008). "The Day the Earth Stood Still and Dean Spanley – review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.<ref>"The Private Lives of Pippa Lee". ''Film file''. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"<ref>Gritten, David (September 7, 2009). "The Private Lives of Pippa Lee, review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.<ref>"Henry's Crime". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.<ref>Hassan, Genevieve (June 22, 2011). "Keanu Reeves' Ode to Happiness". ''BBC News''. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.<ref>Scott, A. O. (August 30, 2012). "Finding Drama in Newfangled Filmmaking". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.<ref>"Generation Um... (2013)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, <ref>Davidson, Mike (May 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves makes director debut with modern Kung Fu film". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi (2013)". ''Kung-fu Kingdom''. April 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”<ref>McGinn, David (May 11, 2018). "Man of Tai Chi: Keanu Reeves's martial-arts flick lacks punch". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba. '''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick''' Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na ''John Wick'' ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.<ref>"Keanu Reeves plays hitman in 'John Wick' – Surprises with unexpected use of artillery in action scenes". ''Inquirer Movies''. December 19, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.<ref>Kilday, Gregg (October 14, 2014). "Bridget Moynahan Joins Keanu Reeves Thriller 'John Wick'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.<ref>Lowe, Justin (October 22, 2014). "'John Wick': Film Review". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".<ref>Catsoulis, Jeannette (October 23, 2014). "Pet's Slaughter Uncorks a Latent Inner Assassin". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.<ref>"John Wick". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, ''Knock Knock'' (2015), sake yin ''Death Game'' (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.<ref>Howell, Peter (October 8, 2015). "Reel Brief: Mini reviews of 99 Homes, Knock Knock, The Forbidden Room, Labyrinth of Lies, This Changes Everything". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.<ref>Leydon, Joe (June 1, 2015). "Film Review: 'Deep Web'". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.<ref>"Exposed (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 27, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa<ref>"Keanu (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on July 28, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).<ref>Bray, Catherine (May 18, 2019). "The Neon Demon review | Sight & Sound". ''British Film Institute''. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ''The Bad Batch''<ref>Pulver, Andrew (September 6, 2016). "The Bad Batch review: Keanu Reeves and Jim Carrey thrive in cannibal apocalypse". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".<ref>Murray, Noel (October 19, 2016). "An A-list cast and crew make a C+ courtroom drama with The Whole Truth". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.<ref>Greene, Steve (August 10, 2017). "'Swedish Dicks' Review: Keanu Reeves is a Rare Highlight in a Detective Series Too Goofy for its Own Good". ''IndieWire''. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 2". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).<ref>Hewitt, Chris (February 6, 2017). "John Wick: Chapter Two". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".<ref>Chang, Justin (February 9, 2017). "Review: Keanu Reeves knows gun-fu in the thrillingly disciplined 'John Wick: Chapter 2'". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017<ref>"2017 Sundance Film Festival: Competition And Next Lineup Announced". ''www.sundance.org''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.<ref>Leszkiewicz, Anna (July 10, 2017). "Don't watch Netflix's To The Bone". ''www.newstatesman.com''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.<ref>Roeper, Richard (September 23, 2018). "'A Happening of Monumental Proportions' wastes a deep cast of stars". ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 ''comedy Destination Wedding'', game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.<ref>Lowe, Justin (July 13, 2018). "'Siberia': Film Review | Hollywood Reporter". ''www.hollywoodreporter.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"<ref name=":3">Dowd, A.A. (January 11, 2019). "The Keanu Reeves sci-fi movie Replicas is so terrible it could give you an existential crisis". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.<ref name=":3" /><ref>"Replicas". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.<ref>Hertz, Barry (May 16, 2019). "Review: Tick tock, time to coldclock: Why John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum is the Swiss luxury watch of action cinema". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"<ref>Clarke, Cath (May 16, 2019). "John Wick: Chapter 3: Parabellum review – franchise bloat for Keanu Reeves' hitman". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref>. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.<ref>"2019 People's Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees on People's Choice Awards | E! News UK". ''E! News''. November 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (June 12, 2019). "How Keanu Reeves Ended Up in 'Toy Story 4' as Duke Caboom". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (June 4, 2018). "There's a Keanu Reeves film festival happening in Glasgow". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref>A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (March 13, 2019). "Film fans rejoice as Keanu Reeves film festival set to go ahead next month". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.<ref>"Ali Wong Assures Keanu Reeves Is a 'Sweet, Professional Guy' — Not Jerk from Always Be My Maybe". ''Peoplemag''. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.</ref>A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.<ref>Rodrigues, Leonardo (August 31, 2019). "Conquest: Tudo o que sabemos sobre a série que Keany Reeves está rodando em SP" [Conquest: Everything we know about the series filmed by Keanu Reeves in São Paulo]. ''Uol'' (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.</ref> Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.<ref>Carreyrou, John (November 22, 2023). "The Strange $55 Million Saga of a Netflix Series You'll Never See". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2023.</ref> A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.<ref>Greene, Andy (August 18, 2020). "Inside the Long, Strange Trip of 'Bill & Ted'". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.<ref>Lawrence, Derek (May 8, 2018). "'Bill & Ted 3' is officially happening". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.</ref> Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"<ref>Kramer, Gary M. (August 28, 2020). "The latest "Bill & Ted" adventure is more bogus than excellent, despite some chuckles". ''Salon''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.<ref>Greenblatt, Leah (August 27, 2020). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' is delightfully dumb". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.<ref>Lewis, Evan (June 12, 2019). "Keanu Reeves on Cyberpunk 2077, getting into gaming, John Wick, and more". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.<ref>Holson, Laura M. (August 21, 2019). "'The Matrix' Gets a Fourth Movie, and Keanu Reeves Is Back". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</ref> Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "''no game-changer''".<ref>Aspinall, Jeremy. "The Matrix Resurrections (2021)". ''Radio Times''. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</ref> '''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick''' John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa <ref>Greenblatt, Leah (March 13, 2023). "Something Wick-ed this way comes in ''John Wick: Chapter 4''". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref>. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.<ref>Motamayor, Raphael (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick: Chapter 4' Review: The Best Action Blockbuster Since 'Fury Road'". ''IndieWire''. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</ref> Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada ''Cyberpunk 2077'', ''Phanthom Liberty''.<ref>Egan, Toussaint (September 7, 2022). "Phantom Liberty is the 'only planned expansion' for Cyberpunk 2077". ''Polygon''. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.</ref> Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta, aka buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.<ref>Reeves, Keanu; Kindt, Matt (October 10, 2023). ''BRZRKR Vol. 3''. BOOM! Studios. ISBN <bdi>978-1-68415-712-9</bdi>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, a fitowar farko, sayarwar da ta kasance #1 tun Star a cikin 2015.<ref>Johnston, Rich (February 4, 2021). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR #1 Sells Over 615,000 Copies To Comic Stores". ''Bleeding Cool News And Rumors''. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</ref> Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman ''jam sessions'' a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama me suna, ''Somewhere Between the Power Lines and Palm Trees'' (2023). Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na ''BottleRock Napa Valley'', <ref>Vaziri, Aidin (May 28, 2023). "Keanu Reeves shakes off nerves at BottleRock for Dogstar's first concert in more than 20 years". ''San Francisco Chronicle''. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.</ref> Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.<ref>Al-Sardar, Ali. "Dogstar 2023 Tour Dates, Concerts & Tickets". ''Rock Informer''. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2023.</ref> A watan Yuli, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines'', mai suna ''Poetry of Madness''..<ref>"BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness - Exclusive Preview of the Prequel Story". ''IGN''. July 21, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na ''Ride with Norman Reedus'' (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".<ref>Ricci, Kimberley (September 7, 2023). "Look At How Happy Keanu Reeves Looks In New 'Ride With Norman Reedus' Footage". ''Uproxx''. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</ref> ''CinemaBlend's'' Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."<ref>Venable, Nick (October 23, 2023). "These Videos Of Keanu Reeves And Norman Reedus Hanging Out Can Instantly Put Me In A Good Mood". ''CinemaBlend''. Retrieved June 27, 2024.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don ''Hulu da Disney +''.<ref>"Disney+ F1 documentary: Brawn release date, cast and history". ''Autosport''. November 7, 2023. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</ref> Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". <ref>Seale, Jack (November 15, 2023). "Brawn: The Impossible Formula 1 Story review – Keanu Reeves is adorable". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</ref> A karshen wannan watan, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines series'', mai suna ''Fallen Empire''.<ref>"BRZRKR: Keanu Reeves' Immortal Warrior Returns in Fallen Empire". ''IGN''. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, ''Netflix'' ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon da suke mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.<ref>John, Carreyrou (May 31, 2024). "Netflix Wins $8.8 Million in Fight Over Planned TV Series". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.<ref>Robinson, KiMi (June 4, 2024). "Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar announces summer 2024 tour for their first album in 20 years". ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin ''The Book of Elsewhere'', wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.<ref>"Get a First Look at BRZRKR: A Faceful Of Bullets #1". ''Graphic Policy''. June 28, 2024. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref> Wani BRZRKR ''Bloodlines spin-off,'' mai suna ''The Lost Book of B'' wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.<ref>Schedeen, Jesse (May 23, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Returns to BRZRKR in The Lost Book of B". ''IGN''. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref>Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin ''Ancient Apocalypse'' akan ''Netflix,'' inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa ​​game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.<ref>Goldbart, Max (September 18, 2024). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Season 2 Confirmed By Netflix With Keanu Reeves Set To Feature". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved September 18, 2024.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Armored Core'' na jerin ''anthology series'' ''Secret Level'' .<ref>Coleman, Jack (October 14, 2024). "Secret Level Trailer Leaks, Revealing Main Cast". ''TheGamer''. Valnet. Retrieved October 16, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a ''Shadow the Hedgehog'' a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na ''Shadow Generations'' (2024).<ref>Stedman, Alex (September 24, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Will Headline an Upcoming Sonic x Shadow Generations DLC - State of Play". ''IGN''. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</ref> '''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa''' Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na ''Shadow'' ''the Hedgehog'' a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan ''Sonic the Hedgehog'', ''Sonic the'' ''Hedgehog 3'', wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.<ref>Couch, Aaron; Kit, Borys (April 15, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Joins 'Sonic 3' as Shadow". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, ''Good Fortune''.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (April 18, 2023). "Seth Rogen, Keanu Reeves to Star in Aziz Ansari Movie 'Good Fortune'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</ref> Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill a kan ''Apple TV+''.<ref>Prasad, Sumith (January 26, 2024). "Jonah Hill's Outcome Starring Keanu Reeves Begins Filming in LA in March". ''The CinemaHolic''. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.</ref> A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 From ''The World of John Wick: Ballerina'', an saita Reeves don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon mallakar Faransa.<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 21, 2024). "'Ballerina' Dances Into Summer 2025 As 'The Crow' Swoops Into John Wick Spinoff's June 2024 Date". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.</ref> An tsara Reeves ya zamo tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.<ref>Wiseman, Andreas (May 14, 2024). "Kirsten Dunst & Daniel Brühl Join Keanu Reeves In Ruben Östlund's ''The Entertainment System Is Down''; Director Buys Boeing 747 For Movie — Cannes Market Hot Project". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.<ref>Grobar, Matt (March 28, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Teaming With Fisher Stevens To Produce Doc On Kickboxer Benny "The Jet" Urquidez". ''Deadline''. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na ''Waiting for Godot'' wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.<ref>Lee, Benjamin (August 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves to make Broadway debut opposite Bill & Ted co-star Alex Winter". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved August 1, 2024.</ref> Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.<ref>Oddo, Marco Vito (October 4, 2022). "Keanu Reeves May Direct Movie Adaptation Of His Own Comic 'BRZRKR' [Exclusive]". ''Collider''. Valnet Inc. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</ref> Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan ''Netflix'' kuma wanda ''Production I.G'' ya shirya.<ref>Loo, Egan (July 22, 2022). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR Anime Series Animated by Production I.G With 2 Seasons Planned". ''Anime News Network''. Archived from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.</ref> Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, <ref>McNary, Dave (August 6, 2020). "'John Wick 5,' New 'Dirty Dancing' Movie With Jennifer Grey Officially in the Works at Lionsgate". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.</ref> amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan ''"Rest for the time being''".<ref>O'Connell, Mikey (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick' Filmmaker Chad Stahelski Talks Sequels, Oscar Stunt Snubs and Why Guns Still Show Up on Sets". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref> Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.<ref>Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2024). "'John Wick 4' Sequel Series From Keanu Reeves & Chad Stahelski Heats Up TV Marketplace". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar shi ta sirri == A cikin 1998, Reeves ya hadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka gudanar don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.<ref>Taylor, Trey (September 20, 2018). "Hollyweird: The Strange, Tragic Death of Jennifer Syme". ''Paper''. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta, inda jaririn da aka haifa bezo da rayuwa ba. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu sanadiyar motarta ta, da ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles<ref>Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref>. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.<ref name=":4">Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya kasance wanda ya ɗauki nauyin janazar Syme, <ref name=":4" /> wadda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.<ref>Daly, Sean (April 23, 2001). "Keanu Grieves for His Soul Mate, Jennifer". ''US Weekly''. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021.</ref> An tsara shi da ya yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa ''The Matrix'' a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ya kasance ubangida ne,<ref>Purcell, Andrew (November 2, 2014). "Keanu Reeves, John Wick's zen master with a gift for violence". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020. <q>Red carpet: Reeves with Brenda Davis, a filmmaker and friend.</q></ref> da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.<ref>Morris, Bob (December 20, 2011). "China Chow, With a Look of Her Own Making". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.<ref>Sharf, Zack (September 3, 2024). "Winona Ryder and Keanu Reeves Call Each Other Husband and Wife in Text Messages After Maybe Getting Married for Real on 'Dracula' Set". ''Variety''. Retrieved September 4, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2009, Reeves ya hadu da Alexandra Grant a wani cin abincin dare; inda suka ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare<ref>Rose, Steve (June 15, 2011). "How Keanu Reeves cheered up". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.</ref>. Sun sanar da jama'a alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.<ref>Hills, Megan (June 24, 2020). "Who is Keanu Reeves' girlfriend Alexandra Grant?". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne ''"personal and private''"<ref>Wilson, Staci Layne (February 14, 2005). "Interview with Constantine actor, Keanu Reeves". ''horror.com''. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019.</ref>. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”<ref>Stern, Marlow (September 13, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on 'Man of Tai Chi,' 'Bill & Ted' & 'Point Break'". ''The Daily Beast''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din ''Little Buddha''.<ref name=":5">"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."<ref name=":5" />. A cikin 2023, an radawa, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, suna, ''lipopeptide keanumycin'' domin girmama Reeves.<ref>"Scientists name fungus-killing substance after 'John Wick' star Keanu Reeves". ''KOMO''. March 6, 2023. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</ref> A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan ''Race 1'' da 24th akan ''Race 2'' a Titin Motar Indianapolis.<ref>Rosenbloom, Alli (October 6, 2024). "Keanu Reeves makes professional auto racing debut at Indianapolis Motor Speedway". CNN. Archived from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.</ref> == Takaddama == A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "''Pull My Daisy''" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.<ref>"Keanu Reeves performs "Pull My Daisy" on the 35th Annual Tibet House Benefit Concert March 3, 2022". ''youtube.com''. Tibet House US. March 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.</ref> An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.<ref>Davis, Rebecca (March 24, 2022). "China streamers scrub Keanu Reeves titles over his support for Tibet". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref><ref>Sharf, Zack (March 24, 2022). "Keanu Reeves Movies Reportedly Pulled Off Streaming Platforms in China Over His Tibet Support". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref> == A cikin kafafen yada labarai == A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun ''introvert'' na Hollywood".<ref name=":6">Grossman, Lev (February 14, 2005). "Keanu Reeves: The Man Who Isn't There". ''Time''. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa da "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”<ref name=":7">Finke, Nikki (October 25, 2012). "Keanu Reeves And Longtime Manager Erwin Stoff Hit Bumpy Road: Actor Almost Left 3 Arts But Instead Others There Repping Him". ''Deadline''. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Erwin Stoff na ''3 Arts Entertainment'' ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan shi tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawan alheri,."<ref>Clark, Meredith (March 16, 2023). "Keanu Reeves reacts to being declared the internet's boyfriend". ''The Independent''. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin ''Good Fortune'', ya yi ba'a cewa "''actually is an angel''", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba <ref>Mangalindan, JP (May 15, 2024). "Shogun's Hiroyuki Sanada Says John Wick Costar Keanu Reeves Is 'Hard on Himself' but 'Very Kind to Others'". ''People''. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" <ref>Suddath, Claire (June 15, 2010). "Help Cheer Up Keanu Reeves". ''Time''. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”<ref>"Keanu Reeves on Sad Keanu: "I Was Hungry!"". ''W Magazine''. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</ref> Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da ''"Internet's Boyfriend''".<ref>Lang, Cady (July 19, 2019). "Why Keanu Reeves Has Always Been the Internet's Soul Mate". ''Time''. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</ref>. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.<ref>Romano, Aja (August 16, 2019). "Keanu Reeves, explained". ''Vox''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.</ref> Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", <ref>Flatau, Seth (July 13, 2023). "10 Keanu Reeves Stories That Prove He's The Nicest Guy In Hollywood". ''Screen Rant''. Valnet Inc. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin",<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".<ref>Palma, Bethania (June 30, 2021). "Does Pic Show Keanu Eating Ice Cream at a Movie Theater?". ''Snopes''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> == Lambobin karramawa == Reeves ya shahara a tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi samun yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin Rubutun ''Tomatoes'', sun haɗa da: ''River's Edge'' (1987), ''Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), ''My Own Private Idaho'' (1991), ''Much Ado About Nothing'' (1993), ''Speed'' ​​(1994), ''The Matrix'' (1999), ''John Wick'' (2014), ''John Wick'': Babi na 2 (2017), ''John Wick:'' Babi na 3 - ''Parabellum'' (2019), da ''Toy'' ''Story 4'' (2019).<ref>"Keanu Reeves – Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da a taka a cikin ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's ''Most Sexiest Man Alive''.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar ''Tae Kwon'' ''Do Life'' ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin ''"# 1 Martial Arts star in the world"'' bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, ''TV, Comics'', da Littattafai a San Diego ''Comic-Con''.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] j35uv8lvihoirzqcx9wfvhtsa8dp1uk 826756 826702 2026-04-26T19:07:12Z Mahuta 11340 826756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] '''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo;<ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref> An haife shi a watan Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan [[wasan kwaikwayo]] ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Ɗan Kanada ne kuma mawaƙi, shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a [[ƙarni]] na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi a cikin ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a [[duniya]]. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a. An haife shi a [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]] kuma ya girma a [[Toronto]], Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin [[talabijin]] na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed ​​(1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003). Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya zama tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023). Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel. == Kuruciya == An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref> Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref> Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa,<ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa ​​da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref> Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Sydney,<ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]], inda ta auri Paul Aaron, daraktan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref> Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da ''Etobicoke School of Arts'', inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da ''dyslexia'' kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin ''De La Salle'', ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗaukar shi a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar ''De La Salle College'', ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> == Sana'a == '''1984-1990: Aikin farko''' A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin ''Brad Fraser'' ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin ''"K. C."'' ko "''Casey''" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref> Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da ''NBC's Babes'' a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da ''Brotherhood of Justice''. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin ''Peter'' ''Markle's Youngblood'' (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "''natural and credible''", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Tune in Tomorrow''. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na ''Rush Rush'' wanda ya ƙunshi wani ''Rebel'' ''Without a Cause'' motif, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> '''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka''' A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a ''Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey'', mabiyi ga ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'', tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na ''sub-moronic'' [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara ''snickering'' duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manyan Haɗin gwiwa tare da ''River Phoenix'' a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada ''My Own Private Idaho'', Taurarin sun fara tafiyar suce ta gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan ''Shakespeare's Henry IV'', Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ''My Own Private Idaho'' ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin " "''a postmodern road'' ''movie with a mood of'' f''ree-floating, trance-like despair ... a rich, audacious experience''". ''The New York Times'' complimented Reeves ''and Phoenix''"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ''MTV Movie Awards'' na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Namiji Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga ''guitar bass''. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin ''Stoker's 1897 Dracula''. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi na ya yi daidai, ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa. Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin ''Much Ado About Nothing'', bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da ''Cowgirls Get the Blues'' da ''Little'' ''Buddha'', dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.<ref>"Little Buddha (1994)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 6, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ''Little Buddha'' sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan ''Speed'' ​​(1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed ​​shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na ''Point Break''.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves ''River Phoenix'' (kuma abokin aikina a ''My Own Private Idaho'') ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki ''Speed'' ​​​​a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. ''Gene Siskel'' na ''Chicago Tribune'' ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "Mai cikakkiyan kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita ''Speed'' ​​kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta ''blockbuster'' wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta ''Academy'' guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> '''1995–1998: Canjin aiki''' Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 ''cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic'', wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba ''Theatre Cente''r na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar ''Sunday Times Roger'' Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>. Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed ​​2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa ''Fox Century'' na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref> Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>.. '''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo''' A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a<ref>"Keanu: I was tricked into making film". ''The Guardian''. September 11, 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.<ref>"The Watcher (2000)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Gift". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."<ref>Clinton, Paul (January 19, 2001). "CNN.com – Entertainment – 'The Gift' a satisfying scare – January 19, 2001". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.<ref>"Sweet November (2001)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 4, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.<ref>Howe, Desson (February 16, 2001). "'Sweet November': Sugar Shock". ''www.washingtonpost.com''. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".<ref>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2001). "Hardball movie review & film summary (2001) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.<ref>"Dogstar: Keanu Reeves' Grunge Band You Need To Listen To ASAP". ''culturacolectiva.com''. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.<ref>Fothergill, Lucas (July 14, 2015). "I Was in a Band With Keanu Reeves". ''Vice''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.<ref>"Sydney sci-fi fans rush to re-enter the Matrix". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. May 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</ref> Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"<ref>Powers, John (May 15, 2003). "Stuck in the middle with Neo". ''LA Weekly''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.<ref>Walker, Alexander (May 16, 2003). "Amazing Matrix". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Matrix Reloaded". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on June 27, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.<ref>Clinton, Paul (November 6, 2003). "CNN.com – Review: 'Matrix' a waste of good technology – Nov. 6, 2003". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." <ref>Meyer, Carla (November 5, 2003). "The final installment of the Wachowski brothers' science fiction epic features cheesy computer-generated imagery and stodgy action sequences. It is 'The Matrix Disappoints.'". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.<ref>"Something's Gotta Give (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> '''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta''' n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.<ref>"Constantine (2005)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 26, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"<ref>Moses, Alexa (October 4, 2005). "Constantine". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.<ref>Scott, A.O. (September 16, 2005). "A Teenager With an Embarrassing Habit Finds Transformation Through Ritalin". ''The New York Times''. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".<ref>Thomson, Desson (September 30, 2005). "Delightful Dysfunction". ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.<ref>"Festival de Cannes – From 15 to 26 May 2013". October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.<ref>"A Scanner Darkly". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.<ref>Arendt, Paul (August 17, 2006). "BBC – Movies – review – A Scanner Darkly". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, <ref>"The Lake House". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</ref> Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.<ref>Kermode, Mark (June 25, 2006). "The Lake House". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Kern, Laura (November 3, 2006). "A Straightforward Look at Our Changing World". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.<ref>"Street Kings". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”<ref>Byrnes, Paul (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"<ref>Bradshaw, Peter (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.<ref>WELT (January 22, 2009). "2009 Razzies : Golden Raspberry Awards list of nominees". ''Die Welt''. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".<ref>Robey, Tim (December 11, 2008). "The Day the Earth Stood Still and Dean Spanley – review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.<ref>"The Private Lives of Pippa Lee". ''Film file''. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"<ref>Gritten, David (September 7, 2009). "The Private Lives of Pippa Lee, review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.<ref>"Henry's Crime". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.<ref>Hassan, Genevieve (June 22, 2011). "Keanu Reeves' Ode to Happiness". ''BBC News''. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.<ref>Scott, A. O. (August 30, 2012). "Finding Drama in Newfangled Filmmaking". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.<ref>"Generation Um... (2013)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, <ref>Davidson, Mike (May 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves makes director debut with modern Kung Fu film". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi (2013)". ''Kung-fu Kingdom''. April 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”<ref>McGinn, David (May 11, 2018). "Man of Tai Chi: Keanu Reeves's martial-arts flick lacks punch". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba. '''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick''' Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na ''John Wick'' ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.<ref>"Keanu Reeves plays hitman in 'John Wick' – Surprises with unexpected use of artillery in action scenes". ''Inquirer Movies''. December 19, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.<ref>Kilday, Gregg (October 14, 2014). "Bridget Moynahan Joins Keanu Reeves Thriller 'John Wick'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.<ref>Lowe, Justin (October 22, 2014). "'John Wick': Film Review". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".<ref>Catsoulis, Jeannette (October 23, 2014). "Pet's Slaughter Uncorks a Latent Inner Assassin". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.<ref>"John Wick". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, ''Knock Knock'' (2015), sake yin ''Death Game'' (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.<ref>Howell, Peter (October 8, 2015). "Reel Brief: Mini reviews of 99 Homes, Knock Knock, The Forbidden Room, Labyrinth of Lies, This Changes Everything". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.<ref>Leydon, Joe (June 1, 2015). "Film Review: 'Deep Web'". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.<ref>"Exposed (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 27, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa<ref>"Keanu (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on July 28, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).<ref>Bray, Catherine (May 18, 2019). "The Neon Demon review | Sight & Sound". ''British Film Institute''. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ''The Bad Batch''<ref>Pulver, Andrew (September 6, 2016). "The Bad Batch review: Keanu Reeves and Jim Carrey thrive in cannibal apocalypse". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".<ref>Murray, Noel (October 19, 2016). "An A-list cast and crew make a C+ courtroom drama with The Whole Truth". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.<ref>Greene, Steve (August 10, 2017). "'Swedish Dicks' Review: Keanu Reeves is a Rare Highlight in a Detective Series Too Goofy for its Own Good". ''IndieWire''. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 2". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).<ref>Hewitt, Chris (February 6, 2017). "John Wick: Chapter Two". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".<ref>Chang, Justin (February 9, 2017). "Review: Keanu Reeves knows gun-fu in the thrillingly disciplined 'John Wick: Chapter 2'". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017<ref>"2017 Sundance Film Festival: Competition And Next Lineup Announced". ''www.sundance.org''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.<ref>Leszkiewicz, Anna (July 10, 2017). "Don't watch Netflix's To The Bone". ''www.newstatesman.com''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.<ref>Roeper, Richard (September 23, 2018). "'A Happening of Monumental Proportions' wastes a deep cast of stars". ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 ''comedy Destination Wedding'', game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.<ref>Lowe, Justin (July 13, 2018). "'Siberia': Film Review | Hollywood Reporter". ''www.hollywoodreporter.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"<ref name=":3">Dowd, A.A. (January 11, 2019). "The Keanu Reeves sci-fi movie Replicas is so terrible it could give you an existential crisis". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.<ref name=":3" /><ref>"Replicas". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.<ref>Hertz, Barry (May 16, 2019). "Review: Tick tock, time to coldclock: Why John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum is the Swiss luxury watch of action cinema". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"<ref>Clarke, Cath (May 16, 2019). "John Wick: Chapter 3: Parabellum review – franchise bloat for Keanu Reeves' hitman". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref>. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.<ref>"2019 People's Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees on People's Choice Awards | E! News UK". ''E! News''. November 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (June 12, 2019). "How Keanu Reeves Ended Up in 'Toy Story 4' as Duke Caboom". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (June 4, 2018). "There's a Keanu Reeves film festival happening in Glasgow". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref>A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (March 13, 2019). "Film fans rejoice as Keanu Reeves film festival set to go ahead next month". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.<ref>"Ali Wong Assures Keanu Reeves Is a 'Sweet, Professional Guy' — Not Jerk from Always Be My Maybe". ''Peoplemag''. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.</ref>A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.<ref>Rodrigues, Leonardo (August 31, 2019). "Conquest: Tudo o que sabemos sobre a série que Keany Reeves está rodando em SP" [Conquest: Everything we know about the series filmed by Keanu Reeves in São Paulo]. ''Uol'' (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.</ref> Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.<ref>Carreyrou, John (November 22, 2023). "The Strange $55 Million Saga of a Netflix Series You'll Never See". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2023.</ref> A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.<ref>Greene, Andy (August 18, 2020). "Inside the Long, Strange Trip of 'Bill & Ted'". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.<ref>Lawrence, Derek (May 8, 2018). "'Bill & Ted 3' is officially happening". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.</ref> Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"<ref>Kramer, Gary M. (August 28, 2020). "The latest "Bill & Ted" adventure is more bogus than excellent, despite some chuckles". ''Salon''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.<ref>Greenblatt, Leah (August 27, 2020). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' is delightfully dumb". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.<ref>Lewis, Evan (June 12, 2019). "Keanu Reeves on Cyberpunk 2077, getting into gaming, John Wick, and more". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.<ref>Holson, Laura M. (August 21, 2019). "'The Matrix' Gets a Fourth Movie, and Keanu Reeves Is Back". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</ref> Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "''no game-changer''".<ref>Aspinall, Jeremy. "The Matrix Resurrections (2021)". ''Radio Times''. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</ref> '''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick''' John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa <ref>Greenblatt, Leah (March 13, 2023). "Something Wick-ed this way comes in ''John Wick: Chapter 4''". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref>. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.<ref>Motamayor, Raphael (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick: Chapter 4' Review: The Best Action Blockbuster Since 'Fury Road'". ''IndieWire''. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</ref> Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada ''Cyberpunk 2077'', ''Phanthom Liberty''.<ref>Egan, Toussaint (September 7, 2022). "Phantom Liberty is the 'only planned expansion' for Cyberpunk 2077". ''Polygon''. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.</ref> Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta, aka buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.<ref>Reeves, Keanu; Kindt, Matt (October 10, 2023). ''BRZRKR Vol. 3''. BOOM! Studios. ISBN <bdi>978-1-68415-712-9</bdi>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, a fitowar farko, sayarwar da ta kasance #1 tun Star a cikin 2015.<ref>Johnston, Rich (February 4, 2021). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR #1 Sells Over 615,000 Copies To Comic Stores". ''Bleeding Cool News And Rumors''. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</ref> Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman ''jam sessions'' a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama me suna, ''Somewhere Between the Power Lines and Palm Trees'' (2023). Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na ''BottleRock Napa Valley'', <ref>Vaziri, Aidin (May 28, 2023). "Keanu Reeves shakes off nerves at BottleRock for Dogstar's first concert in more than 20 years". ''San Francisco Chronicle''. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.</ref> Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.<ref>Al-Sardar, Ali. "Dogstar 2023 Tour Dates, Concerts & Tickets". ''Rock Informer''. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2023.</ref> A watan Yuli, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines'', mai suna ''Poetry of Madness''..<ref>"BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness - Exclusive Preview of the Prequel Story". ''IGN''. July 21, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na ''Ride with Norman Reedus'' (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".<ref>Ricci, Kimberley (September 7, 2023). "Look At How Happy Keanu Reeves Looks In New 'Ride With Norman Reedus' Footage". ''Uproxx''. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</ref> ''CinemaBlend's'' Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."<ref>Venable, Nick (October 23, 2023). "These Videos Of Keanu Reeves And Norman Reedus Hanging Out Can Instantly Put Me In A Good Mood". ''CinemaBlend''. Retrieved June 27, 2024.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don ''Hulu da Disney +''.<ref>"Disney+ F1 documentary: Brawn release date, cast and history". ''Autosport''. November 7, 2023. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</ref> Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". <ref>Seale, Jack (November 15, 2023). "Brawn: The Impossible Formula 1 Story review – Keanu Reeves is adorable". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</ref> A karshen wannan watan, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines series'', mai suna ''Fallen Empire''.<ref>"BRZRKR: Keanu Reeves' Immortal Warrior Returns in Fallen Empire". ''IGN''. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, ''Netflix'' ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon da suke mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.<ref>John, Carreyrou (May 31, 2024). "Netflix Wins $8.8 Million in Fight Over Planned TV Series". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.<ref>Robinson, KiMi (June 4, 2024). "Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar announces summer 2024 tour for their first album in 20 years". ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin ''The Book of Elsewhere'', wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.<ref>"Get a First Look at BRZRKR: A Faceful Of Bullets #1". ''Graphic Policy''. June 28, 2024. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref> Wani BRZRKR ''Bloodlines spin-off,'' mai suna ''The Lost Book of B'' wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.<ref>Schedeen, Jesse (May 23, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Returns to BRZRKR in The Lost Book of B". ''IGN''. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref>Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin ''Ancient Apocalypse'' akan ''Netflix,'' inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa ​​game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.<ref>Goldbart, Max (September 18, 2024). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Season 2 Confirmed By Netflix With Keanu Reeves Set To Feature". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved September 18, 2024.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Armored Core'' na jerin ''anthology series'' ''Secret Level'' .<ref>Coleman, Jack (October 14, 2024). "Secret Level Trailer Leaks, Revealing Main Cast". ''TheGamer''. Valnet. Retrieved October 16, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a ''Shadow the Hedgehog'' a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na ''Shadow Generations'' (2024).<ref>Stedman, Alex (September 24, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Will Headline an Upcoming Sonic x Shadow Generations DLC - State of Play". ''IGN''. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</ref> '''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa''' Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na ''Shadow'' ''the Hedgehog'' a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan ''Sonic the Hedgehog'', ''Sonic the'' ''Hedgehog 3'', wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.<ref>Couch, Aaron; Kit, Borys (April 15, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Joins 'Sonic 3' as Shadow". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, ''Good Fortune''.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (April 18, 2023). "Seth Rogen, Keanu Reeves to Star in Aziz Ansari Movie 'Good Fortune'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</ref> Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill a kan ''Apple TV+''.<ref>Prasad, Sumith (January 26, 2024). "Jonah Hill's Outcome Starring Keanu Reeves Begins Filming in LA in March". ''The CinemaHolic''. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.</ref> A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 From ''The World of John Wick: Ballerina'', an saita Reeves don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon mallakar Faransa.<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 21, 2024). "'Ballerina' Dances Into Summer 2025 As 'The Crow' Swoops Into John Wick Spinoff's June 2024 Date". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.</ref> An tsara Reeves ya zamo tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.<ref>Wiseman, Andreas (May 14, 2024). "Kirsten Dunst & Daniel Brühl Join Keanu Reeves In Ruben Östlund's ''The Entertainment System Is Down''; Director Buys Boeing 747 For Movie — Cannes Market Hot Project". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.<ref>Grobar, Matt (March 28, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Teaming With Fisher Stevens To Produce Doc On Kickboxer Benny "The Jet" Urquidez". ''Deadline''. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na ''Waiting for Godot'' wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.<ref>Lee, Benjamin (August 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves to make Broadway debut opposite Bill & Ted co-star Alex Winter". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved August 1, 2024.</ref> Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.<ref>Oddo, Marco Vito (October 4, 2022). "Keanu Reeves May Direct Movie Adaptation Of His Own Comic 'BRZRKR' [Exclusive]". ''Collider''. Valnet Inc. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</ref> Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan ''Netflix'' kuma wanda ''Production I.G'' ya shirya.<ref>Loo, Egan (July 22, 2022). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR Anime Series Animated by Production I.G With 2 Seasons Planned". ''Anime News Network''. Archived from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.</ref> Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, <ref>McNary, Dave (August 6, 2020). "'John Wick 5,' New 'Dirty Dancing' Movie With Jennifer Grey Officially in the Works at Lionsgate". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.</ref> amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan ''"Rest for the time being''".<ref>O'Connell, Mikey (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick' Filmmaker Chad Stahelski Talks Sequels, Oscar Stunt Snubs and Why Guns Still Show Up on Sets". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref> Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.<ref>Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2024). "'John Wick 4' Sequel Series From Keanu Reeves & Chad Stahelski Heats Up TV Marketplace". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar shi ta sirri == A cikin 1998, Reeves ya hadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka gudanar don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.<ref>Taylor, Trey (September 20, 2018). "Hollyweird: The Strange, Tragic Death of Jennifer Syme". ''Paper''. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta, inda jaririn da aka haifa bezo da rayuwa ba. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu sanadiyar motarta ta, da ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles<ref>Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref>. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.<ref name=":4">Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya kasance wanda ya ɗauki nauyin janazar Syme, <ref name=":4" /> wadda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.<ref>Daly, Sean (April 23, 2001). "Keanu Grieves for His Soul Mate, Jennifer". ''US Weekly''. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021.</ref> An tsara shi da ya yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa ''The Matrix'' a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ya kasance ubangida ne,<ref>Purcell, Andrew (November 2, 2014). "Keanu Reeves, John Wick's zen master with a gift for violence". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020. <q>Red carpet: Reeves with Brenda Davis, a filmmaker and friend.</q></ref> da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.<ref>Morris, Bob (December 20, 2011). "China Chow, With a Look of Her Own Making". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.<ref>Sharf, Zack (September 3, 2024). "Winona Ryder and Keanu Reeves Call Each Other Husband and Wife in Text Messages After Maybe Getting Married for Real on 'Dracula' Set". ''Variety''. Retrieved September 4, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2009, Reeves ya hadu da Alexandra Grant a wani cin abincin dare; inda suka ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare<ref>Rose, Steve (June 15, 2011). "How Keanu Reeves cheered up". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.</ref>. Sun sanar da jama'a alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.<ref>Hills, Megan (June 24, 2020). "Who is Keanu Reeves' girlfriend Alexandra Grant?". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne ''"personal and private''"<ref>Wilson, Staci Layne (February 14, 2005). "Interview with Constantine actor, Keanu Reeves". ''horror.com''. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019.</ref>. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”<ref>Stern, Marlow (September 13, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on 'Man of Tai Chi,' 'Bill & Ted' & 'Point Break'". ''The Daily Beast''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din ''Little Buddha''.<ref name=":5">"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."<ref name=":5" />. A cikin 2023, an radawa, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, suna, ''lipopeptide keanumycin'' domin girmama Reeves.<ref>"Scientists name fungus-killing substance after 'John Wick' star Keanu Reeves". ''KOMO''. March 6, 2023. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</ref> A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan ''Race 1'' da 24th akan ''Race 2'' a Titin Motar Indianapolis.<ref>Rosenbloom, Alli (October 6, 2024). "Keanu Reeves makes professional auto racing debut at Indianapolis Motor Speedway". CNN. Archived from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.</ref> == Takaddama == A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "''Pull My Daisy''" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.<ref>"Keanu Reeves performs "Pull My Daisy" on the 35th Annual Tibet House Benefit Concert March 3, 2022". ''youtube.com''. Tibet House US. March 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.</ref> An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.<ref>Davis, Rebecca (March 24, 2022). "China streamers scrub Keanu Reeves titles over his support for Tibet". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref><ref>Sharf, Zack (March 24, 2022). "Keanu Reeves Movies Reportedly Pulled Off Streaming Platforms in China Over His Tibet Support". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref> == A cikin kafafen yada labarai == A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun ''introvert'' na Hollywood".<ref name=":6">Grossman, Lev (February 14, 2005). "Keanu Reeves: The Man Who Isn't There". ''Time''. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa da "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”<ref name=":7">Finke, Nikki (October 25, 2012). "Keanu Reeves And Longtime Manager Erwin Stoff Hit Bumpy Road: Actor Almost Left 3 Arts But Instead Others There Repping Him". ''Deadline''. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Erwin Stoff na ''3 Arts Entertainment'' ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan shi tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawan alheri,."<ref>Clark, Meredith (March 16, 2023). "Keanu Reeves reacts to being declared the internet's boyfriend". ''The Independent''. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin ''Good Fortune'', ya yi ba'a cewa "''actually is an angel''", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba <ref>Mangalindan, JP (May 15, 2024). "Shogun's Hiroyuki Sanada Says John Wick Costar Keanu Reeves Is 'Hard on Himself' but 'Very Kind to Others'". ''People''. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" <ref>Suddath, Claire (June 15, 2010). "Help Cheer Up Keanu Reeves". ''Time''. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”<ref>"Keanu Reeves on Sad Keanu: "I Was Hungry!"". ''W Magazine''. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</ref> Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da ''"Internet's Boyfriend''".<ref>Lang, Cady (July 19, 2019). "Why Keanu Reeves Has Always Been the Internet's Soul Mate". ''Time''. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</ref>. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.<ref>Romano, Aja (August 16, 2019). "Keanu Reeves, explained". ''Vox''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.</ref> Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", <ref>Flatau, Seth (July 13, 2023). "10 Keanu Reeves Stories That Prove He's The Nicest Guy In Hollywood". ''Screen Rant''. Valnet Inc. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin",<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".<ref>Palma, Bethania (June 30, 2021). "Does Pic Show Keanu Eating Ice Cream at a Movie Theater?". ''Snopes''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> == Lambobin karramawa == Reeves ya shahara a tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi samun yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin Rubutun ''Tomatoes'', sun haɗa da: ''River's Edge'' (1987), ''Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), ''My Own Private Idaho'' (1991), ''Much Ado About Nothing'' (1993), ''Speed'' ​​(1994), ''The Matrix'' (1999), ''John Wick'' (2014), ''John Wick'': Babi na 2 (2017), ''John Wick:'' Babi na 3 - ''Parabellum'' (2019), da ''Toy'' ''Story 4'' (2019).<ref>"Keanu Reeves – Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da a taka a cikin ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's ''Most Sexiest Man Alive''.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar ''Tae Kwon'' ''Do Life'' ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin ''"# 1 Martial Arts star in the world"'' bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, ''TV, Comics'', da Littattafai a San Diego ''Comic-Con''.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] hw8vogi31ik68pgbba2put4b3iqba5q 826757 826756 2026-04-26T19:07:54Z Mahuta 11340 826757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] '''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo;<ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref> An haife shi a watan Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan [[wasan kwaikwayo]] ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Ɗan [[Kanada]] ne kuma mawaƙi, shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a [[ƙarni]] na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi a cikin ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a [[duniya]]. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a. An haife shi a [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]] kuma ya girma a [[Toronto]], Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin [[talabijin]] na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed ​​(1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003). Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya zama tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023). Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel. == Kuruciya == An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref> Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref> Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa,<ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa ​​da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref> Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Sydney,<ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]], inda ta auri Paul Aaron, daraktan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref> Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da ''Etobicoke School of Arts'', inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da ''dyslexia'' kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin ''De La Salle'', ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗaukar shi a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar ''De La Salle College'', ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> == Sana'a == '''1984-1990: Aikin farko''' A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin ''Brad Fraser'' ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin ''"K. C."'' ko "''Casey''" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref> Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da ''NBC's Babes'' a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da ''Brotherhood of Justice''. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin ''Peter'' ''Markle's Youngblood'' (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "''natural and credible''", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Tune in Tomorrow''. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na ''Rush Rush'' wanda ya ƙunshi wani ''Rebel'' ''Without a Cause'' motif, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> '''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka''' A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a ''Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey'', mabiyi ga ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'', tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na ''sub-moronic'' [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara ''snickering'' duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manyan Haɗin gwiwa tare da ''River Phoenix'' a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada ''My Own Private Idaho'', Taurarin sun fara tafiyar suce ta gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan ''Shakespeare's Henry IV'', Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ''My Own Private Idaho'' ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin " "''a postmodern road'' ''movie with a mood of'' f''ree-floating, trance-like despair ... a rich, audacious experience''". ''The New York Times'' complimented Reeves ''and Phoenix''"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ''MTV Movie Awards'' na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Namiji Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga ''guitar bass''. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin ''Stoker's 1897 Dracula''. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi na ya yi daidai, ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa. Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin ''Much Ado About Nothing'', bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da ''Cowgirls Get the Blues'' da ''Little'' ''Buddha'', dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.<ref>"Little Buddha (1994)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 6, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ''Little Buddha'' sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan ''Speed'' ​​(1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed ​​shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na ''Point Break''.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves ''River Phoenix'' (kuma abokin aikina a ''My Own Private Idaho'') ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki ''Speed'' ​​​​a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. ''Gene Siskel'' na ''Chicago Tribune'' ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "Mai cikakkiyan kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita ''Speed'' ​​kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta ''blockbuster'' wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta ''Academy'' guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> '''1995–1998: Canjin aiki''' Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 ''cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic'', wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba ''Theatre Cente''r na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar ''Sunday Times Roger'' Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>. Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed ​​2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa ''Fox Century'' na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref> Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>.. '''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo''' A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a<ref>"Keanu: I was tricked into making film". ''The Guardian''. September 11, 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.<ref>"The Watcher (2000)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Gift". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."<ref>Clinton, Paul (January 19, 2001). "CNN.com – Entertainment – 'The Gift' a satisfying scare – January 19, 2001". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.<ref>"Sweet November (2001)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 4, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.<ref>Howe, Desson (February 16, 2001). "'Sweet November': Sugar Shock". ''www.washingtonpost.com''. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".<ref>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2001). "Hardball movie review & film summary (2001) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.<ref>"Dogstar: Keanu Reeves' Grunge Band You Need To Listen To ASAP". ''culturacolectiva.com''. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.<ref>Fothergill, Lucas (July 14, 2015). "I Was in a Band With Keanu Reeves". ''Vice''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.<ref>"Sydney sci-fi fans rush to re-enter the Matrix". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. May 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</ref> Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"<ref>Powers, John (May 15, 2003). "Stuck in the middle with Neo". ''LA Weekly''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.<ref>Walker, Alexander (May 16, 2003). "Amazing Matrix". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Matrix Reloaded". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on June 27, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.<ref>Clinton, Paul (November 6, 2003). "CNN.com – Review: 'Matrix' a waste of good technology – Nov. 6, 2003". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." <ref>Meyer, Carla (November 5, 2003). "The final installment of the Wachowski brothers' science fiction epic features cheesy computer-generated imagery and stodgy action sequences. It is 'The Matrix Disappoints.'". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.<ref>"Something's Gotta Give (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> '''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta''' n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.<ref>"Constantine (2005)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 26, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"<ref>Moses, Alexa (October 4, 2005). "Constantine". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.<ref>Scott, A.O. (September 16, 2005). "A Teenager With an Embarrassing Habit Finds Transformation Through Ritalin". ''The New York Times''. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".<ref>Thomson, Desson (September 30, 2005). "Delightful Dysfunction". ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.<ref>"Festival de Cannes – From 15 to 26 May 2013". October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.<ref>"A Scanner Darkly". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.<ref>Arendt, Paul (August 17, 2006). "BBC – Movies – review – A Scanner Darkly". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, <ref>"The Lake House". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</ref> Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.<ref>Kermode, Mark (June 25, 2006). "The Lake House". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Kern, Laura (November 3, 2006). "A Straightforward Look at Our Changing World". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.<ref>"Street Kings". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”<ref>Byrnes, Paul (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"<ref>Bradshaw, Peter (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.<ref>WELT (January 22, 2009). "2009 Razzies : Golden Raspberry Awards list of nominees". ''Die Welt''. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".<ref>Robey, Tim (December 11, 2008). "The Day the Earth Stood Still and Dean Spanley – review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.<ref>"The Private Lives of Pippa Lee". ''Film file''. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"<ref>Gritten, David (September 7, 2009). "The Private Lives of Pippa Lee, review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.<ref>"Henry's Crime". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.<ref>Hassan, Genevieve (June 22, 2011). "Keanu Reeves' Ode to Happiness". ''BBC News''. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.<ref>Scott, A. O. (August 30, 2012). "Finding Drama in Newfangled Filmmaking". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.<ref>"Generation Um... (2013)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, <ref>Davidson, Mike (May 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves makes director debut with modern Kung Fu film". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi (2013)". ''Kung-fu Kingdom''. April 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”<ref>McGinn, David (May 11, 2018). "Man of Tai Chi: Keanu Reeves's martial-arts flick lacks punch". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba. '''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick''' Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na ''John Wick'' ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.<ref>"Keanu Reeves plays hitman in 'John Wick' – Surprises with unexpected use of artillery in action scenes". ''Inquirer Movies''. December 19, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.<ref>Kilday, Gregg (October 14, 2014). "Bridget Moynahan Joins Keanu Reeves Thriller 'John Wick'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.<ref>Lowe, Justin (October 22, 2014). "'John Wick': Film Review". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".<ref>Catsoulis, Jeannette (October 23, 2014). "Pet's Slaughter Uncorks a Latent Inner Assassin". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.<ref>"John Wick". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, ''Knock Knock'' (2015), sake yin ''Death Game'' (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.<ref>Howell, Peter (October 8, 2015). "Reel Brief: Mini reviews of 99 Homes, Knock Knock, The Forbidden Room, Labyrinth of Lies, This Changes Everything". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.<ref>Leydon, Joe (June 1, 2015). "Film Review: 'Deep Web'". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.<ref>"Exposed (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 27, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa<ref>"Keanu (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on July 28, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).<ref>Bray, Catherine (May 18, 2019). "The Neon Demon review | Sight & Sound". ''British Film Institute''. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ''The Bad Batch''<ref>Pulver, Andrew (September 6, 2016). "The Bad Batch review: Keanu Reeves and Jim Carrey thrive in cannibal apocalypse". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".<ref>Murray, Noel (October 19, 2016). "An A-list cast and crew make a C+ courtroom drama with The Whole Truth". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.<ref>Greene, Steve (August 10, 2017). "'Swedish Dicks' Review: Keanu Reeves is a Rare Highlight in a Detective Series Too Goofy for its Own Good". ''IndieWire''. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 2". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).<ref>Hewitt, Chris (February 6, 2017). "John Wick: Chapter Two". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".<ref>Chang, Justin (February 9, 2017). "Review: Keanu Reeves knows gun-fu in the thrillingly disciplined 'John Wick: Chapter 2'". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017<ref>"2017 Sundance Film Festival: Competition And Next Lineup Announced". ''www.sundance.org''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.<ref>Leszkiewicz, Anna (July 10, 2017). "Don't watch Netflix's To The Bone". ''www.newstatesman.com''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.<ref>Roeper, Richard (September 23, 2018). "'A Happening of Monumental Proportions' wastes a deep cast of stars". ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 ''comedy Destination Wedding'', game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.<ref>Lowe, Justin (July 13, 2018). "'Siberia': Film Review | Hollywood Reporter". ''www.hollywoodreporter.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"<ref name=":3">Dowd, A.A. (January 11, 2019). "The Keanu Reeves sci-fi movie Replicas is so terrible it could give you an existential crisis". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.<ref name=":3" /><ref>"Replicas". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.<ref>Hertz, Barry (May 16, 2019). "Review: Tick tock, time to coldclock: Why John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum is the Swiss luxury watch of action cinema". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"<ref>Clarke, Cath (May 16, 2019). "John Wick: Chapter 3: Parabellum review – franchise bloat for Keanu Reeves' hitman". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref>. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.<ref>"2019 People's Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees on People's Choice Awards | E! News UK". ''E! News''. November 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (June 12, 2019). "How Keanu Reeves Ended Up in 'Toy Story 4' as Duke Caboom". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (June 4, 2018). "There's a Keanu Reeves film festival happening in Glasgow". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref>A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (March 13, 2019). "Film fans rejoice as Keanu Reeves film festival set to go ahead next month". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.<ref>"Ali Wong Assures Keanu Reeves Is a 'Sweet, Professional Guy' — Not Jerk from Always Be My Maybe". ''Peoplemag''. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.</ref>A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.<ref>Rodrigues, Leonardo (August 31, 2019). "Conquest: Tudo o que sabemos sobre a série que Keany Reeves está rodando em SP" [Conquest: Everything we know about the series filmed by Keanu Reeves in São Paulo]. ''Uol'' (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.</ref> Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.<ref>Carreyrou, John (November 22, 2023). "The Strange $55 Million Saga of a Netflix Series You'll Never See". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2023.</ref> A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.<ref>Greene, Andy (August 18, 2020). "Inside the Long, Strange Trip of 'Bill & Ted'". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.<ref>Lawrence, Derek (May 8, 2018). "'Bill & Ted 3' is officially happening". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.</ref> Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"<ref>Kramer, Gary M. (August 28, 2020). "The latest "Bill & Ted" adventure is more bogus than excellent, despite some chuckles". ''Salon''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.<ref>Greenblatt, Leah (August 27, 2020). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' is delightfully dumb". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.<ref>Lewis, Evan (June 12, 2019). "Keanu Reeves on Cyberpunk 2077, getting into gaming, John Wick, and more". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.<ref>Holson, Laura M. (August 21, 2019). "'The Matrix' Gets a Fourth Movie, and Keanu Reeves Is Back". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</ref> Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "''no game-changer''".<ref>Aspinall, Jeremy. "The Matrix Resurrections (2021)". ''Radio Times''. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</ref> '''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick''' John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa <ref>Greenblatt, Leah (March 13, 2023). "Something Wick-ed this way comes in ''John Wick: Chapter 4''". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref>. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.<ref>Motamayor, Raphael (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick: Chapter 4' Review: The Best Action Blockbuster Since 'Fury Road'". ''IndieWire''. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</ref> Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada ''Cyberpunk 2077'', ''Phanthom Liberty''.<ref>Egan, Toussaint (September 7, 2022). "Phantom Liberty is the 'only planned expansion' for Cyberpunk 2077". ''Polygon''. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.</ref> Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta, aka buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.<ref>Reeves, Keanu; Kindt, Matt (October 10, 2023). ''BRZRKR Vol. 3''. BOOM! Studios. ISBN <bdi>978-1-68415-712-9</bdi>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, a fitowar farko, sayarwar da ta kasance #1 tun Star a cikin 2015.<ref>Johnston, Rich (February 4, 2021). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR #1 Sells Over 615,000 Copies To Comic Stores". ''Bleeding Cool News And Rumors''. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</ref> Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman ''jam sessions'' a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama me suna, ''Somewhere Between the Power Lines and Palm Trees'' (2023). Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na ''BottleRock Napa Valley'', <ref>Vaziri, Aidin (May 28, 2023). "Keanu Reeves shakes off nerves at BottleRock for Dogstar's first concert in more than 20 years". ''San Francisco Chronicle''. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.</ref> Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.<ref>Al-Sardar, Ali. "Dogstar 2023 Tour Dates, Concerts & Tickets". ''Rock Informer''. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2023.</ref> A watan Yuli, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines'', mai suna ''Poetry of Madness''..<ref>"BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness - Exclusive Preview of the Prequel Story". ''IGN''. July 21, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na ''Ride with Norman Reedus'' (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".<ref>Ricci, Kimberley (September 7, 2023). "Look At How Happy Keanu Reeves Looks In New 'Ride With Norman Reedus' Footage". ''Uproxx''. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</ref> ''CinemaBlend's'' Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."<ref>Venable, Nick (October 23, 2023). "These Videos Of Keanu Reeves And Norman Reedus Hanging Out Can Instantly Put Me In A Good Mood". ''CinemaBlend''. Retrieved June 27, 2024.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don ''Hulu da Disney +''.<ref>"Disney+ F1 documentary: Brawn release date, cast and history". ''Autosport''. November 7, 2023. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</ref> Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". <ref>Seale, Jack (November 15, 2023). "Brawn: The Impossible Formula 1 Story review – Keanu Reeves is adorable". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</ref> A karshen wannan watan, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines series'', mai suna ''Fallen Empire''.<ref>"BRZRKR: Keanu Reeves' Immortal Warrior Returns in Fallen Empire". ''IGN''. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, ''Netflix'' ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon da suke mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.<ref>John, Carreyrou (May 31, 2024). "Netflix Wins $8.8 Million in Fight Over Planned TV Series". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.<ref>Robinson, KiMi (June 4, 2024). "Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar announces summer 2024 tour for their first album in 20 years". ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin ''The Book of Elsewhere'', wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.<ref>"Get a First Look at BRZRKR: A Faceful Of Bullets #1". ''Graphic Policy''. June 28, 2024. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref> Wani BRZRKR ''Bloodlines spin-off,'' mai suna ''The Lost Book of B'' wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.<ref>Schedeen, Jesse (May 23, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Returns to BRZRKR in The Lost Book of B". ''IGN''. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref>Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin ''Ancient Apocalypse'' akan ''Netflix,'' inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa ​​game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.<ref>Goldbart, Max (September 18, 2024). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Season 2 Confirmed By Netflix With Keanu Reeves Set To Feature". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved September 18, 2024.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Armored Core'' na jerin ''anthology series'' ''Secret Level'' .<ref>Coleman, Jack (October 14, 2024). "Secret Level Trailer Leaks, Revealing Main Cast". ''TheGamer''. Valnet. Retrieved October 16, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a ''Shadow the Hedgehog'' a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na ''Shadow Generations'' (2024).<ref>Stedman, Alex (September 24, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Will Headline an Upcoming Sonic x Shadow Generations DLC - State of Play". ''IGN''. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</ref> '''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa''' Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na ''Shadow'' ''the Hedgehog'' a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan ''Sonic the Hedgehog'', ''Sonic the'' ''Hedgehog 3'', wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.<ref>Couch, Aaron; Kit, Borys (April 15, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Joins 'Sonic 3' as Shadow". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, ''Good Fortune''.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (April 18, 2023). "Seth Rogen, Keanu Reeves to Star in Aziz Ansari Movie 'Good Fortune'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</ref> Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill a kan ''Apple TV+''.<ref>Prasad, Sumith (January 26, 2024). "Jonah Hill's Outcome Starring Keanu Reeves Begins Filming in LA in March". ''The CinemaHolic''. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.</ref> A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 From ''The World of John Wick: Ballerina'', an saita Reeves don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon mallakar Faransa.<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 21, 2024). "'Ballerina' Dances Into Summer 2025 As 'The Crow' Swoops Into John Wick Spinoff's June 2024 Date". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.</ref> An tsara Reeves ya zamo tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.<ref>Wiseman, Andreas (May 14, 2024). "Kirsten Dunst & Daniel Brühl Join Keanu Reeves In Ruben Östlund's ''The Entertainment System Is Down''; Director Buys Boeing 747 For Movie — Cannes Market Hot Project". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.<ref>Grobar, Matt (March 28, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Teaming With Fisher Stevens To Produce Doc On Kickboxer Benny "The Jet" Urquidez". ''Deadline''. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na ''Waiting for Godot'' wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.<ref>Lee, Benjamin (August 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves to make Broadway debut opposite Bill & Ted co-star Alex Winter". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved August 1, 2024.</ref> Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.<ref>Oddo, Marco Vito (October 4, 2022). "Keanu Reeves May Direct Movie Adaptation Of His Own Comic 'BRZRKR' [Exclusive]". ''Collider''. Valnet Inc. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</ref> Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan ''Netflix'' kuma wanda ''Production I.G'' ya shirya.<ref>Loo, Egan (July 22, 2022). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR Anime Series Animated by Production I.G With 2 Seasons Planned". ''Anime News Network''. Archived from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.</ref> Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, <ref>McNary, Dave (August 6, 2020). "'John Wick 5,' New 'Dirty Dancing' Movie With Jennifer Grey Officially in the Works at Lionsgate". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.</ref> amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan ''"Rest for the time being''".<ref>O'Connell, Mikey (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick' Filmmaker Chad Stahelski Talks Sequels, Oscar Stunt Snubs and Why Guns Still Show Up on Sets". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref> Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.<ref>Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2024). "'John Wick 4' Sequel Series From Keanu Reeves & Chad Stahelski Heats Up TV Marketplace". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar shi ta sirri == A cikin 1998, Reeves ya hadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka gudanar don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.<ref>Taylor, Trey (September 20, 2018). "Hollyweird: The Strange, Tragic Death of Jennifer Syme". ''Paper''. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta, inda jaririn da aka haifa bezo da rayuwa ba. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu sanadiyar motarta ta, da ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles<ref>Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref>. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.<ref name=":4">Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya kasance wanda ya ɗauki nauyin janazar Syme, <ref name=":4" /> wadda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.<ref>Daly, Sean (April 23, 2001). "Keanu Grieves for His Soul Mate, Jennifer". ''US Weekly''. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021.</ref> An tsara shi da ya yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa ''The Matrix'' a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ya kasance ubangida ne,<ref>Purcell, Andrew (November 2, 2014). "Keanu Reeves, John Wick's zen master with a gift for violence". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020. <q>Red carpet: Reeves with Brenda Davis, a filmmaker and friend.</q></ref> da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.<ref>Morris, Bob (December 20, 2011). "China Chow, With a Look of Her Own Making". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.<ref>Sharf, Zack (September 3, 2024). "Winona Ryder and Keanu Reeves Call Each Other Husband and Wife in Text Messages After Maybe Getting Married for Real on 'Dracula' Set". ''Variety''. Retrieved September 4, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2009, Reeves ya hadu da Alexandra Grant a wani cin abincin dare; inda suka ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare<ref>Rose, Steve (June 15, 2011). "How Keanu Reeves cheered up". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.</ref>. Sun sanar da jama'a alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.<ref>Hills, Megan (June 24, 2020). "Who is Keanu Reeves' girlfriend Alexandra Grant?". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne ''"personal and private''"<ref>Wilson, Staci Layne (February 14, 2005). "Interview with Constantine actor, Keanu Reeves". ''horror.com''. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019.</ref>. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”<ref>Stern, Marlow (September 13, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on 'Man of Tai Chi,' 'Bill & Ted' & 'Point Break'". ''The Daily Beast''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din ''Little Buddha''.<ref name=":5">"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."<ref name=":5" />. A cikin 2023, an radawa, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, suna, ''lipopeptide keanumycin'' domin girmama Reeves.<ref>"Scientists name fungus-killing substance after 'John Wick' star Keanu Reeves". ''KOMO''. March 6, 2023. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</ref> A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan ''Race 1'' da 24th akan ''Race 2'' a Titin Motar Indianapolis.<ref>Rosenbloom, Alli (October 6, 2024). "Keanu Reeves makes professional auto racing debut at Indianapolis Motor Speedway". CNN. Archived from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.</ref> == Takaddama == A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "''Pull My Daisy''" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.<ref>"Keanu Reeves performs "Pull My Daisy" on the 35th Annual Tibet House Benefit Concert March 3, 2022". ''youtube.com''. Tibet House US. March 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.</ref> An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.<ref>Davis, Rebecca (March 24, 2022). "China streamers scrub Keanu Reeves titles over his support for Tibet". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref><ref>Sharf, Zack (March 24, 2022). "Keanu Reeves Movies Reportedly Pulled Off Streaming Platforms in China Over His Tibet Support". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref> == A cikin kafafen yada labarai == A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun ''introvert'' na Hollywood".<ref name=":6">Grossman, Lev (February 14, 2005). "Keanu Reeves: The Man Who Isn't There". ''Time''. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa da "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”<ref name=":7">Finke, Nikki (October 25, 2012). "Keanu Reeves And Longtime Manager Erwin Stoff Hit Bumpy Road: Actor Almost Left 3 Arts But Instead Others There Repping Him". ''Deadline''. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Erwin Stoff na ''3 Arts Entertainment'' ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan shi tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawan alheri,."<ref>Clark, Meredith (March 16, 2023). "Keanu Reeves reacts to being declared the internet's boyfriend". ''The Independent''. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin ''Good Fortune'', ya yi ba'a cewa "''actually is an angel''", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba <ref>Mangalindan, JP (May 15, 2024). "Shogun's Hiroyuki Sanada Says John Wick Costar Keanu Reeves Is 'Hard on Himself' but 'Very Kind to Others'". ''People''. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" <ref>Suddath, Claire (June 15, 2010). "Help Cheer Up Keanu Reeves". ''Time''. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”<ref>"Keanu Reeves on Sad Keanu: "I Was Hungry!"". ''W Magazine''. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</ref> Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da ''"Internet's Boyfriend''".<ref>Lang, Cady (July 19, 2019). "Why Keanu Reeves Has Always Been the Internet's Soul Mate". ''Time''. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</ref>. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.<ref>Romano, Aja (August 16, 2019). "Keanu Reeves, explained". ''Vox''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.</ref> Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", <ref>Flatau, Seth (July 13, 2023). "10 Keanu Reeves Stories That Prove He's The Nicest Guy In Hollywood". ''Screen Rant''. Valnet Inc. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin",<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".<ref>Palma, Bethania (June 30, 2021). "Does Pic Show Keanu Eating Ice Cream at a Movie Theater?". ''Snopes''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> == Lambobin karramawa == Reeves ya shahara a tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi samun yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin Rubutun ''Tomatoes'', sun haɗa da: ''River's Edge'' (1987), ''Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), ''My Own Private Idaho'' (1991), ''Much Ado About Nothing'' (1993), ''Speed'' ​​(1994), ''The Matrix'' (1999), ''John Wick'' (2014), ''John Wick'': Babi na 2 (2017), ''John Wick:'' Babi na 3 - ''Parabellum'' (2019), da ''Toy'' ''Story 4'' (2019).<ref>"Keanu Reeves – Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da a taka a cikin ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's ''Most Sexiest Man Alive''.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar ''Tae Kwon'' ''Do Life'' ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin ''"# 1 Martial Arts star in the world"'' bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, ''TV, Comics'', da Littattafai a San Diego ''Comic-Con''.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] fesy8efqufkfmijtqvwm8zwue1bqc2u 0 56310 826914 509565 2026-04-27T08:24:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 826914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ikom(Agbokim) falls.jpg|thumb|ikom agbokim]] [[Fayil:Agbokim Waterfalls.jpg|thumb|Hoton agbokin waterfalls]] [[Fayil:Agbokim Waterfalls Small falls 04.jpg|thumb|malallar ruwa]] '''Agbokim waterfalls''' yana karamar hukumar [[Etung]] ta [[Cross River|jihar Cross River]] a Kudu maso Kudu ([[Neja Delta]]) a [[Najeriya]], kusa da iyakar kasar da [[Kamaru]]. Faduwar ruwan ya kai kusan {{Convert|25|km|mi}} daga [[Ikom]] da {{Convert|240|km|mi}} daga [[Kalaba|Calabar]]. {{Hujja}} doaocfmk6hyncn8y8mkfehaggr5irij 826915 826914 2026-04-27T08:24:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 826915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ikom(Agbokim) falls.jpg|thumb|ikom agbokim]] [[Fayil:Agbokim Waterfalls.jpg|thumb|Hoton agbokin waterfalls]] [[Fayil:Agbokim Waterfalls Small falls 04.jpg|thumb|malallar ruwa]] '''Agbokim waterfalls''' yana karamar hukumar [[Etung]] ta [[Cross River|jihar Cross River]] a Kudu maso Kudu ([[Neja Delta]]) a [[Najeriya]], kusa da iyakar kasar da [[Kamaru]]. Faduwar ruwan ya kai kusan {{Convert|25|km|mi}} daga [[Ikom]] da {{Convert|240|km|mi}} daga [[Kalaba|Calabar]]. {{Stub}}{{Hujja}} k0fleammqvq4pb9kvusfaorumxpw1e8 0 59294 826907 314927 2026-04-27T08:20:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 826907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kogin Sagua kogi''' ne dake united a jihar Guam wanda ke yankin[[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. == Duba kuma == * Jerin kogunan Guam == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} 0cyqsu5eprd3jxm6lbq0dsrrdruvcc0 826908 826907 2026-04-27T08:20:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 826908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kogin Sagua kogi''' ne dake united a jihar Guam wanda ke yankin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. == Duba kuma == * Jerin kogunan Guam == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} 128sf26kctvcinnysjm9p7akgs0iugv 826909 826908 2026-04-27T08:20:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 826909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kogin Sagua''' kogi ne dake united a jihar Guam wanda ke yankin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. == Duba kuma == * Jerin kogunan Guam == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} mjoxnc2wmtweb47d29hf6kcs3o77o3y 826910 826909 2026-04-27T08:21:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 826910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kogin Sagua''' kogi ne dake united a jihar Guam wanda ke yankin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. == Duba kuma == * Jerin kogunan Guam == Manazarta == {{Hujja}}{{Reflist}} kzaewty35om6fszc0as3zlbxy5grqgz 0 59390 826752 758565 2026-04-26T19:04:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Dr Fahmida Hussain''' (mai suna Fahmida Memon) ( Sindhi </link>an haife ta a gidan adabi a ranar biyar 5 ga watan Yuli, shekara 1948, a Tando Jam gundumar Hyderabad Sindh, [[Pakistan|Pakistan.]]Mahaifinta Mohammad Yakoon "Niaz" shi ma malami ne wanda ya fassara wakokin Hafiz Shirazi daga [[Farisawa|Farisa]] zuwa harshen Sindhi. Dan uwanta Sirajul Haq Memon shima shahararren marubuci ne kuma mai bincike. Shahararriyar marubuciya ce, ƙwararriya, ƙwararren harshe kuma haziƙi na [[Pakistan|Pakistan.]]Fannonin ayyukanta sun haɗa da: [[Adabi]], Linguistics, Nazarin Mata da [[Ilimin ɗan adam|Ilimin Halitta.]]Kwarewarta tana cikin nazarin babban mawaƙin sufi na gargajiya Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai. Dr Fahmida ita ce Shugabar Hukumar Harshen Sindhi daga Mayu shekara 2008 zuwa shekara Maris shekaran 2015. Kafin haka ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta a Shugaban Shah Abdul Latif, Jami'ar Karachi na tsawon shekaru goma. Kafin haka kuma ta taba zama Farfesa kuma shugabar Sashen Sindhi a wannan jami'a. Dr Fahmida Hussain ƙwararriyar marubuci ce wacce ke da littattafai sama da sha biyar 15 don samun karramawarta tare da kasidu da yawa na bincike kan batutuwan da suka shafi Adabi, Linguistics tare da magana ta musamman ga fannoni daban-daban na harshen Sindhi, waƙar Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai da batutuwan jinsi. Ta fara rubuta gajerun labarai da wakoki tun tana karama kuma dole ta ba ta littafi guda na gajerun labarai. Ta kasance tana rubuta ginshiƙai, labarai da sharhi a jaridu da mujallu daban-daban daga shekaru arba'in 40 da suka gabata. Ta auri Abdul Hussain kuma suna da ‘ya’ya uku 3. Dr Sunita Hussain, Aruna Hussain and a son Shahmir Hussain. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] == Ilimi == Dr Fahmida Hussain ta yi karatun farko daga Makarantar Model a Hyderabad, Sindh, kuma ta kammala karatun ta a shekara 1968 daga Kwalejin Kimiyya na DJ da ke [[Karachi|Karachi.]]Ta yi karatun digiri na biyu a Turanci a shekara 1970 daga Sashen Turanci a Jami'ar Sindh da ke Hyderabad, da kuma wani Masters a Sindhi shekara 1972 daga jami'a guda. A shekarar 1990 ta kammala karatun difloma a cikin harshen [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]] daga Sashen Janar na Tarihi a Jami'ar Karachi. Daga baya, a cikin shekara 1992, ta yi nasarar kammala karatun likitanta a cikin adabin Sindhi don samun digiri na uku. Fahmida Hussain ta kuma sami digiri na farko a fannin shari'a (LLB) a shekarar 1981. == Sana'a == A cikin shekara 1972 Dr Fahmida Hussain an nada shi [[Malamin Jami'a|Malamar]] Turanci a Cibiyar Ilimi a Jami'ar Sindh, mukamin da ta rike har zuwa shekara 1975. Daga shekara 1978 zuwa shekara 1988 ta koyar a matsayin malami na Sindhi a Jami'ar Karachi.A shekara 1988 aka nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa, mukamin da ta rike har zuwa shekara 1995 lokacin da aka naɗa ta cikakkiyar Farfesa, sannan kuma shugabar sashen a shekarar 1997. A shekarar 1998 Dr Fahmida Hussain ta karbi mukamin Darakta, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai Shugaban Jami'ar Karachi. A watan Mayun shekara 2008, an naɗa Dr Hussain a matsayin wanda ake so kuma mai daraja ta shugaba, Hukumar Harshen Sindhi. A cikin waɗannan shekaru da suka fara daga shekara 1968 zuwa yau, Dr Fahmida Hussain ta kasance tana yin rubuce-rubuce cikin harsunan Sindhi, Urdu da Ingilishi ta ɓangarori daban-daban: a matsayin marubuciya, edita, mai bincike, mai fassara, marubuci kuma masanin harshe. Dr Hussain yana aiki a matsayin mamba a kwamitin kula da muhimman cibiyoyin ilimi a ƙasar. A halin yanzu ta yi ritaya daga mukamin shugabar Hukumar Harshen Sindhi (SLA), Sindh Haka kuma ta samu lambobin yabo da yabo da yabo kan aikinta da gudunmawar da ta bayar. == Littattafai da aka buga == Ta rubuta litattafai da yawa kan adabi, injiniyan harshe da kuma wakokin Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai. Ga jerin littattafan da aka ba ta:shekara (2012) Sindhu Likhat-21st Sadi-a Men Thial Tahqique(Fassarar labarin bincike kan Indus Script), Hukumar Harshen Sindhi Hyderabad<nowiki></br></nowiki> (2012) Adyoon Aaoon Anjaan, (Labarai akan waƙar Shah Latif)- Sashen Al'adu, Govt. Sindh, Karachi<nowiki></br></nowiki> shekara (2012) [http://sl.sindhila.org/en/publications/books/item/207-sindhi-boli-mukhtalif-lisani-pahlo Sindhi Boli-Lisani Pahloo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805045648/http://sl.sindhila.org/en/publications/books/item/207-sindhi-boli-mukhtalif-lisani-pahlo |date=2019-08-05 }} Archived </link> (Kasidu akan Harshen Sindhi), Hukumar Harshen Sindhi, Hyderabad, Sindh<nowiki></br></nowiki> shekara (2011) [http://sahargul.blogspot.com/2013/01/erosion-of-spoken-sindhi-language.html Sindhi Boli-a ji Sikhya] (Devnagari), Sindhi Language Authority, Hyderabad, Sindh<nowiki></br></nowiki>shekara (2011) [http://sl.sindhila.org/en/publications/books/item/179-aeeay-sindhi-seekhen-with-cd Aaiye Sindhi Seekhen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205075233/http://sl.sindhila.org/en/publications/books/item/179-aeeay-sindhi-seekhen-with-cd |date=2019-12-05 }} Archived </link> (Bari Mu Koyi Sindhi tare da CD) - Hukumar Harshen Sindhi, Hyderabad, Sindh<nowiki></br></nowiki>shekara (2008) Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai (Rayuwa, Shayari & Falsafa a Urdu), Kwalejin Wasika ta Pakistan, Islamabad.<nowiki></br></nowiki> shekara (2006) [http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/catalogue/Personalties/Book17/Book_page1.html Duniya Joon Shair Aurtoon] ( Sindhi fassarar wakoki na mata mawaƙa na duniya) - Sindhi Adabi Board, Jamshoro.<nowiki></br></nowiki> shekara (2003) Hik Hawa Kaen Kahanyoon (Tarin gajerun labarai), Sachal Academy, Karachi.<nowiki></br></nowiki> shekara (2002) [https://books.google.com/books/about/Image_of_Woman_in_the_Poetry_of_Shah_Abd.html?id=juRjAAAAMAAJ Hoton Mace a Wakar Shah Latif], (Fassarar Turanci) Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai Shugaban Jami'ar Karachi, Karachi<nowiki></br></nowiki> (shekara 2002) [http://www.encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A%20%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AF%20%D9%81%D9%86%20%DB%BD%20%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE Adabi Tanqeed-Fan ain Tareekh] (Literary Criticism-Art and History), Naoon Nyapo Academy, Karachi.<nowiki></br></nowiki> (2000) Bar-e-Sagheer Ji Bolian Jo Lisanianti Jaizo (fassarar Sindhi na Binciken Harsuna na Indiya, Volume VIII, Part 1, na George Grierson), Hukumar Harshen Sindhi, Hyderabad.<nowiki></br></nowiki> shekara (1996) [http://webcatplus.nii.ac.jp/webcatplus/details/book/12342281.html Shah Latif ki Shairi Mein Aurat ka Roop] (Urdu translation ) Bhit Shah Cultural Committee, Hyderabad.<nowiki></br></nowiki> shekara (1993) Shah Latif Ji Shairi Mein Aurat Jo Roop (Image of Woman in the Poetry of Shah Latif), Bhit Shah Cultural Committee, Hyderabad.<nowiki></br></nowiki>shekara (1990) [http://www.encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%8A1 Pir Hisamuddin Rashidi] - Tarihin Rayuwa, Sashen Al'adun Sindh & Yawon shakatawa, Karachi. Shekara (1983) Hawaun Je Adhar- Travelogue, Agam Publishers, Hyderabad. == Kyauta == * 2004: Girman Kai na Shugaban Kasa * 2004: Kyautar Kwalejin Wasiƙa ta Pakistan * 2003: Kyautar Latif don ƙwararren aiki a cikin Bincike & wallafe-wallafe * Shekara2000: Kyautar Gidauniyar Sahyog don mafi kyawun marubucin Sindhi na Sindh * Shekara1995: Kyautar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Sindh a Bincike & Rubutu * Shekara1994: Kyautar Hijira 1414, Kwalejin Wasika ta Pakistan * Shekara1994: Kyautar Sindhi Adabi Sangat don Mafi kyawun Bincike akan Waƙar Shah Latif & Nazarin Mata == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * https://web.archive.org/web/20080819184811/http://www.presidentofpakistan.gov.pk/NationalAwards.aspx * https://web.archive.org/web/20080527221947/http://www.sindhtoday.net/world/328.htm * http://www.uok.edu.pk/faculties/sindhi/index.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226023419/http://www.uok.edu.pk/faculties/sindhi/index.php |date=2017-02-26 }} * Sharhin Alfijir: Bayani akan Fahmida Hussain shekara (1999) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060909194433/http://yangtze.cs.uiuc.edu/~jamali/sindh/sindh-l/archive/her/msg00082.html] * Shahararren Shugaban Shawarar Shah Latif [http://www.uok.edu.pk/faculties/shahlatifchair/publications.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204170830/http://www.uok.edu.pk/faculties/shahlatifchair/publications.php |date=2017-02-04 }} * Dawn, biyar ga watan Yuni 5, shekara 2008: Dr Fahmida ta nada shugabar SLA [http://www.dawn.com/2008/06/05/local12.htm] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1948]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1p3tocoap4m1yfqguy1tb0s6nvi9aa2 0 60646 827037 822289 2026-04-27T11:30:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 827037 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ETSWAP;'''(Emissions Trading Scheme Workflow Automation Automation Project) shine tsarin tushen gidan yanar gizo wanda Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya ke gudanarwa don masu fitar da hayaƙi don sarrafawa, tantancewa da bayar da rahoton fitar da iskar Carbon Dioxide (kuma a nan gaba, sauran Gases na Greenhouse), kamar yadda EU ta buƙata. ETS (Tsarin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Tarayyar Turai).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Environmental Protection Agency |url=https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |access-date=2023-09-23 |archive-date=2020-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205023602/https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zayyana tsari da tsarin tsarin ETSWAP acikin takardar fahimtar juna da gwamnatocin Birtaniya, Jamus, Ireland da Netherlands suka samar, wanda kuma ya sanya wa tsarin suna "Aikin Automation"(WAP).<ref>UK Use of IT Tools in the EU ETS Compliance Process, p4 </ref> An tsara aikace-aikacen don saduwa da sababbin buƙatun EU ETS wanda aka samo daga [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32008L0101:en:NOT Umarnin 2008/101/CE]. An tsara tsarin don sauƙaƙe kammalawa da ƙaddamar da ingantattun hayaki da rahotannin ƙididdiga, duba abubuwan da aka amince da su/tsare-tsaren ƙididdiga don masu aiki da ke da su da kuma ƙaddamar da tsare-tsaren fitarwa don sababbin masu aiki. Kamar yadda a watan Yulin shekarar 2011, an saita ETSWAP don bayar da rahoto game da hayaƙin carbon ta bangaren jiragen sama kuma masu gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama 600 ne sukayi amfani da su a Burtaniya da 200 a Jamhuriyar Ireland.<ref>Edie Ireland News Article: Irish and British aviation emissions cutting work underway </ref> Ana faɗaɗa tsarin don rufe hayaƙi ta hanyar ƙafafen shigarwa nan da 2012. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<references /> < https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205023602/https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |date=2020-12-05 }} /> < http://ec.europa.eu/clima/events/0008/s2_o_joel_uk_ea.pdf /> < [https://web.archive.org/web/20111007100206/http://www.ebace.aero/2011/archives/presentations/20110518-wiese-eu-ets-operators-responsibility-liabilities.pdf https://web.archive .org/web/20111007100206/http://www.ebace.aero/2011/archives/presentations/20110518-wiese-eu-ets-operators-responsibility-liabilities.pdf] /> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111108072552/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/127314.aspx Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya] * [http://www.eefni.org.uk/news/ETSWAP-first-stage-completed.php Dandalin Ilimi Don Dorewar Ci Gaba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330193441/http://www.eefni.org.uk/news/ETSWAP-first-stage-completed.php |date=2012-03-30 }} * [http://ec.europa.eu/clima/events/0008/s2_o_joel_uk_ea.pdf pdf: Amfani da UK na kayan aikin IT a cikin Tsarin Biyayya na EU ETS] * [http://www.cdcclimat.com/IMG/pdf/emissaire_brochure_02-11.pdf CDC Climat Brochure]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.edie.net/ireland/news/news_story.asp?id=20453&title=Irish+and+British+aviation+emissions+cutting+work+underway+ Labari na Edie Ireland: Ana ci gaba da aiwatar da aikin rage hayakin jiragen sama na Irish da Birtaniyya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110820044009/http://www.bbga.aero/conference_2011/Ben%20Smith%20-%20EU%20ETS%20Developments%20and%20Deadlines.pdf pdf: Sashen Gabatar da Sufuri a Taron Shekara-shekara na BBGA, 8 ga Maris, 2011] * [http://www.argusmediagroup.com/News/Article?id=760026 Argus Media] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330194525/http://www.argusmediagroup.com/News/Article?id=760026 |date=2012-03-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120330194522/http://www.climate-connect.co.uk/Home/?q=node%2F948 Haɗin Yanayi: Sabon tsarin bin diddigin hayaƙi na EU ETS Aviation] * Wikipedia: Kula da Carbon * [http://www.technoworldinc.com/techno-news/sfw-ltd-and-cdc-climat-deliver-eu-emissions-trading-scheme-eu-ets-system-for-a-t126772.0.html;msg132471#msg132471 TechnoWorldInc- The Technical Encyclopedia] * [http://www.rinnovabili.it/etswap-conclusa-la-prima-fase-del-sistema-di-monitoraggio-delle-avio-emissioni802408 Rinnovabili.it (Italiya)]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} o40j8p84t7nbc3sv16w4chgwoepga8u 827039 827037 2026-04-27T11:30:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 827039 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ETSWAP;'''(Emissions Trading Scheme Workflow Automation Automation Project) shine tsarin tushen gidan yanar gizo wanda Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya ke gudanarwa don masu fitar da hayaƙi don sarrafawa, tantancewa da bayar da rahoton fitar da iskar Carbon Dioxide (kuma a nan gaba, sauran Gases na Greenhouse), kamar yadda EU ta buƙata. ETS (Tsarin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Tarayyar Turai).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Environmental Protection Agency |url=https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |access-date=2023-09-23 |archive-date=2020-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205023602/https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zayyana tsari da tsarin tsarin ETSWAP acikin takardar fahimtar juna da gwamnatocin Birtaniya, Jamus, Ireland da Netherlands suka samar, wanda kuma ya sanya wa tsarin suna "Aikin Automation"(WAP).<ref>UK Use of IT Tools in the EU ETS Compliance Process, p4 </ref> An tsara aikace-aikacen don saduwa da sababbin buƙatun EU ETS wanda aka samo daga [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32008L0101:en:NOT Umarnin 2008/101/CE]. An tsara tsarin don sauƙaƙe kammalawa da ƙaddamar da ingantattun hayaki da rahotannin ƙididdiga, duba abubuwan da aka amince da su/tsare-tsaren ƙididdiga don masu aiki da ke da su da kuma ƙaddamar da tsare-tsaren fitarwa don sababbin masu aiki. Kamar yadda a watan Yulin shekarar 2011, an saita ETSWAP don bayar da rahoto game da hayaƙin carbon ta bangaren jiragen sama kuma masu gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama 600 ne sukayi amfani da su a Burtaniya da 200 a Jamhuriyar Ireland.<ref>Edie Ireland News Article: Irish and British aviation emissions cutting work underway </ref> Ana faɗaɗa tsarin don rufe hayaƙi ta hanyar ƙafafen shigarwa nan da 2012. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<references /> < https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205023602/https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |date=2020-12-05 }} /> < http://ec.europa.eu/clima/events/0008/s2_o_joel_uk_ea.pdf /> < [https://web.archive.org/web/20111007100206/http://www.ebace.aero/2011/archives/presentations/20110518-wiese-eu-ets-operators-responsibility-liabilities.pdf https://web.archive .org/web/20111007100206/http://www.ebace.aero/2011/archives/presentations/20110518-wiese-eu-ets-operators-responsibility-liabilities.pdf] /> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111108072552/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/127314.aspx Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya] * [http://www.eefni.org.uk/news/ETSWAP-first-stage-completed.php Dandalin Ilimi Don Dorewar Ci Gaba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330193441/http://www.eefni.org.uk/news/ETSWAP-first-stage-completed.php |date=2012-03-30 }} * [http://ec.europa.eu/clima/events/0008/s2_o_joel_uk_ea.pdf pdf: Amfani da UK na kayan aikin IT a cikin Tsarin Biyayya na EU ETS] * [http://www.cdcclimat.com/IMG/pdf/emissaire_brochure_02-11.pdf CDC Climat Brochure] * [http://www.edie.net/ireland/news/news_story.asp?id=20453&title=Irish+and+British+aviation+emissions+cutting+work+underway+ Labari na Edie Ireland: Ana ci gaba da aiwatar da aikin rage hayakin jiragen sama na Irish da Birtaniyya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110820044009/http://www.bbga.aero/conference_2011/Ben%20Smith%20-%20EU%20ETS%20Developments%20and%20Deadlines.pdf pdf: Sashen Gabatar da Sufuri a Taron Shekara-shekara na BBGA, 8 ga Maris, 2011] * [http://www.argusmediagroup.com/News/Article?id=760026 Argus Media] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330194525/http://www.argusmediagroup.com/News/Article?id=760026 |date=2012-03-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120330194522/http://www.climate-connect.co.uk/Home/?q=node%2F948 Haɗin Yanayi: Sabon tsarin bin diddigin hayaƙi na EU ETS Aviation] * Wikipedia: Kula da Carbon * [http://www.technoworldinc.com/techno-news/sfw-ltd-and-cdc-climat-deliver-eu-emissions-trading-scheme-eu-ets-system-for-a-t126772.0.html;msg132471#msg132471 TechnoWorldInc- The Technical Encyclopedia] * [http://www.rinnovabili.it/etswap-conclusa-la-prima-fase-del-sistema-di-monitoraggio-delle-avio-emissioni802408 Rinnovabili.it (Italiya)]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 16yivfi972aafl2zvzrdfh7tobdedgx 827040 827039 2026-04-27T11:30:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 827040 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ETSWAP;'''(Emissions Trading Scheme Workflow Automation Automation Project) shine tsarin tushen gidan yanar gizo wanda Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya ke gudanarwa don masu fitar da hayaƙi don sarrafawa, tantancewa da bayar da rahoton fitar da iskar Carbon Dioxide (kuma a nan gaba, sauran Gases na Greenhouse), kamar yadda EU ta buƙata. ETS (Tsarin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Tarayyar Turai).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Environmental Protection Agency |url=https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |access-date=2023-09-23 |archive-date=2020-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205023602/https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zayyana tsari da tsarin tsarin ETSWAP acikin takardar fahimtar juna da gwamnatocin Birtaniya, Jamus, Ireland da Netherlands suka samar, wanda kuma ya sanya wa tsarin suna "Aikin Automation"(WAP).<ref>UK Use of IT Tools in the EU ETS Compliance Process, p4 </ref> An tsara aikace-aikacen don saduwa da sababbin buƙatun EU ETS wanda aka samo daga [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32008L0101:en:NOT Umarnin 2008/101/CE]. An tsara tsarin don sauƙaƙe kammalawa da ƙaddamar da ingantattun hayaki da rahotannin ƙididdiga, duba abubuwan da aka amince da su/tsare-tsaren ƙididdiga don masu aiki da ke da su da kuma ƙaddamar da tsare-tsaren fitarwa don sababbin masu aiki. Kamar yadda a watan Yulin shekarar 2011, an saita ETSWAP don bayar da rahoto game da hayaƙin carbon ta bangaren jiragen sama kuma masu gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama 600 ne sukayi amfani da su a Burtaniya da 200 a Jamhuriyar Ireland.<ref>Edie Ireland News Article: Irish and British aviation emissions cutting work underway </ref> Ana faɗaɗa tsarin don rufe hayaƙi ta hanyar ƙafafen shigarwa nan da 2012. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<references /> < https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205023602/https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |date=2020-12-05 }} /> < http://ec.europa.eu/clima/events/0008/s2_o_joel_uk_ea.pdf /> < [https://web.archive.org/web/20111007100206/http://www.ebace.aero/2011/archives/presentations/20110518-wiese-eu-ets-operators-responsibility-liabilities.pdf https://web.archive .org/web/20111007100206/http://www.ebace.aero/2011/archives/presentations/20110518-wiese-eu-ets-operators-responsibility-liabilities.pdf] /> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111108072552/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/127314.aspx Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya] * [http://www.eefni.org.uk/news/ETSWAP-first-stage-completed.php Dandalin Ilimi Don Dorewar Ci Gaba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330193441/http://www.eefni.org.uk/news/ETSWAP-first-stage-completed.php |date=2012-03-30 }} * [http://ec.europa.eu/clima/events/0008/s2_o_joel_uk_ea.pdf pdf: Amfani da UK na kayan aikin IT a cikin Tsarin Biyayya na EU ETS] * [http://www.cdcclimat.com/IMG/pdf/emissaire_brochure_02-11.pdf CDC Climat Brochure] * [http://www.edie.net/ireland/news/news_story.asp?id=20453&title=Irish+and+British+aviation+emissions+cutting+work+underway+ Labari na Edie Ireland: Ana ci gaba da aiwatar da aikin rage hayakin jiragen sama na Irish da Birtaniyya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110820044009/http://www.bbga.aero/conference_2011/Ben%20Smith%20-%20EU%20ETS%20Developments%20and%20Deadlines.pdf pdf: Sashen Gabatar da Sufuri a Taron Shekara-shekara na BBGA, 8 ga Maris, 2011] * [http://www.argusmediagroup.com/News/Article?id=760026 Argus Media] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330194525/http://www.argusmediagroup.com/News/Article?id=760026 |date=2012-03-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120330194522/http://www.climate-connect.co.uk/Home/?q=node%2F948 Haɗin Yanayi: Sabon tsarin bin diddigin hayaƙi na EU ETS Aviation] * Wikipedia: Kula da Carbon * [http://www.technoworldinc.com/techno-news/sfw-ltd-and-cdc-climat-deliver-eu-emissions-trading-scheme-eu-ets-system-for-a-t126772.0.html;msg132471#msg132471 TechnoWorldInc- The Technical Encyclopedia] * [http://www.rinnovabili.it/etswap-conclusa-la-prima-fase-del-sistema-di-monitoraggio-delle-avio-emissioni802408 Rinnovabili.it (Italiya)] azbuoy5dazhp4g3xjmg9vni5de1yyyu 827041 827040 2026-04-27T11:31:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 827041 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ETSWAP;'''(Emissions Trading Scheme Workflow Automation Automation Project) shine tsarin tushen gidan yanar gizo wanda Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya ke gudanarwa don masu fitar da hayaƙi don sarrafawa, tantancewa da bayar da rahoton fitar da iskar Carbon Dioxide (kuma a nan gaba, sauran Gases na Greenhouse), kamar yadda EU ta buƙata. ETS (Tsarin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Tarayyar Turai).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Environmental Protection Agency |url=https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |access-date=2023-09-23 |archive-date=2020-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205023602/https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zayyana tsari da tsarin tsarin ETSWAP acikin takardar fahimtar juna da gwamnatocin Birtaniya, Jamus, Ireland da Netherlands suka samar, wanda kuma ya sanya wa tsarin suna "Aikin Automation"(WAP).<ref>UK Use of IT Tools in the EU ETS Compliance Process, p4 </ref> An tsara aikace-aikacen don saduwa da sababbin buƙatun EU ETS wanda aka samo daga [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32008L0101:en:NOT Umarnin 2008/101/CE]. An tsara tsarin don sauƙaƙe kammalawa da ƙaddamar da ingantattun hayaki da rahotannin ƙididdiga, duba abubuwan da aka amince da su/tsare-tsaren ƙididdiga don masu aiki da ke da su da kuma ƙaddamar da tsare-tsaren fitarwa don sababbin masu aiki. Kamar yadda a watan Yulin shekarar 2011, an saita ETSWAP don bayar da rahoto game da hayaƙin carbon ta bangaren jiragen sama kuma masu gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama 600 ne sukayi amfani da su a Burtaniya da 200 a Jamhuriyar Ireland.<ref>Edie Ireland News Article: Irish and British aviation emissions cutting work underway </ref> Ana faɗaɗa tsarin don rufe hayaƙi ta hanyar ƙafafen shigarwa nan da 2012. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<references /> < https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205023602/https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |date=2020-12-05 }} /> < http://ec.europa.eu/clima/events/0008/s2_o_joel_uk_ea.pdf /> < [https://web.archive.org/web/20111007100206/http://www.ebace.aero/2011/archives/presentations/20110518-wiese-eu-ets-operators-responsibility-liabilities.pdf https://web.archive .org/web/20111007100206/http://www.ebace.aero/2011/archives/presentations/20110518-wiese-eu-ets-operators-responsibility-liabilities.pdf] /> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111108072552/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/127314.aspx Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya] * [http://www.eefni.org.uk/news/ETSWAP-first-stage-completed.php Dandalin Ilimi Don Dorewar Ci Gaba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330193441/http://www.eefni.org.uk/news/ETSWAP-first-stage-completed.php |date=2012-03-30 }} * [http://ec.europa.eu/clima/events/0008/s2_o_joel_uk_ea.pdf pdf: Amfani da UK na kayan aikin IT a cikin Tsarin Biyayya na EU ETS] * [http://www.cdcclimat.com/IMG/pdf/emissaire_brochure_02-11.pdf CDC Climat Brochure] * [http://www.edie.net/ireland/news/news_story.asp?id=20453&title=Irish+and+British+aviation+emissions+cutting+work+underway+ Labari na Edie Ireland: Ana ci gaba da aiwatar da aikin rage hayakin jiragen sama na Irish da Birtaniyya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110820044009/http://www.bbga.aero/conference_2011/Ben%20Smith%20-%20EU%20ETS%20Developments%20and%20Deadlines.pdf pdf: Sashen Gabatar da Sufuri a Taron Shekara-shekara na BBGA, 8 ga Maris, 2011] * [http://www.argusmediagroup.com/News/Article?id=760026 Argus Media] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330194525/http://www.argusmediagroup.com/News/Article?id=760026 |date=2012-03-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120330194522/http://www.climate-connect.co.uk/Home/?q=node%2F948 Haɗin Yanayi: Sabon tsarin bin diddigin hayaƙi na EU ETS Aviation] * [http://www.technoworldinc.com/techno-news/sfw-ltd-and-cdc-climat-deliver-eu-emissions-trading-scheme-eu-ets-system-for-a-t126772.0.html;msg132471#msg132471 TechnoWorldInc- The Technical Encyclopedia] * [http://www.rinnovabili.it/etswap-conclusa-la-prima-fase-del-sistema-di-monitoraggio-delle-avio-emissioni802408 Rinnovabili.it (Italiya)] amjlf90dgkbem5u11oyy7omr9c8nxn0 827042 827041 2026-04-27T11:31:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 827042 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ETSWAP;'''(Emissions Trading Scheme Workflow Automation Automation Project) shine tsarin tushen gidan yanar gizo wanda Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya ke gudanarwa don masu fitar da hayaƙi don sarrafawa, tantancewa da bayar da rahoton fitar da iskar Carbon Dioxide (kuma a nan gaba, sauran Gases na Greenhouse), kamar yadda EU ta buƙata. ETS (Tsarin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Tarayyar Turai).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Environmental Protection Agency |url=https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |access-date=2023-09-23 |archive-date=2020-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205023602/https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zayyana tsari da tsarin tsarin ETSWAP acikin takardar fahimtar juna da gwamnatocin Birtaniya, Jamus, Ireland da Netherlands suka samar, wanda kuma ya sanya wa tsarin suna "Aikin Automation"(WAP).<ref>UK Use of IT Tools in the EU ETS Compliance Process, p4 </ref> An tsara aikace-aikacen don saduwa da sababbin buƙatun EU ETS wanda aka samo daga [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32008L0101:en:NOT Umarnin 2008/101/CE]. An tsara tsarin don sauƙaƙe kammalawa da ƙaddamar da ingantattun hayaki da rahotannin ƙididdiga, duba abubuwan da aka amince da su/tsare-tsaren ƙididdiga don masu aiki da ke da su da kuma ƙaddamar da tsare-tsaren fitarwa don sababbin masu aiki. Kamar yadda a watan Yulin shekarar 2011, an saita ETSWAP don bayar da rahoto game da hayaƙin carbon ta bangaren jiragen sama kuma masu gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama 600 ne sukayi amfani da su a Burtaniya da 200 a Jamhuriyar Ireland.<ref>Edie Ireland News Article: Irish and British aviation emissions cutting work underway </ref> Ana faɗaɗa tsarin don rufe hayaƙi ta hanyar ƙafafen shigarwa nan da 2012. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<references /> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111108072552/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/127314.aspx Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya] * [http://www.eefni.org.uk/news/ETSWAP-first-stage-completed.php Dandalin Ilimi Don Dorewar Ci Gaba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330193441/http://www.eefni.org.uk/news/ETSWAP-first-stage-completed.php |date=2012-03-30 }} * [http://ec.europa.eu/clima/events/0008/s2_o_joel_uk_ea.pdf pdf: Amfani da UK na kayan aikin IT a cikin Tsarin Biyayya na EU ETS] * [http://www.cdcclimat.com/IMG/pdf/emissaire_brochure_02-11.pdf CDC Climat Brochure] * [http://www.edie.net/ireland/news/news_story.asp?id=20453&title=Irish+and+British+aviation+emissions+cutting+work+underway+ Labari na Edie Ireland: Ana ci gaba da aiwatar da aikin rage hayakin jiragen sama na Irish da Birtaniyya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110820044009/http://www.bbga.aero/conference_2011/Ben%20Smith%20-%20EU%20ETS%20Developments%20and%20Deadlines.pdf pdf: Sashen Gabatar da Sufuri a Taron Shekara-shekara na BBGA, 8 ga Maris, 2011] * [http://www.argusmediagroup.com/News/Article?id=760026 Argus Media] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330194525/http://www.argusmediagroup.com/News/Article?id=760026 |date=2012-03-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120330194522/http://www.climate-connect.co.uk/Home/?q=node%2F948 Haɗin Yanayi: Sabon tsarin bin diddigin hayaƙi na EU ETS Aviation] * [http://www.technoworldinc.com/techno-news/sfw-ltd-and-cdc-climat-deliver-eu-emissions-trading-scheme-eu-ets-system-for-a-t126772.0.html;msg132471#msg132471 TechnoWorldInc- The Technical Encyclopedia] * [http://www.rinnovabili.it/etswap-conclusa-la-prima-fase-del-sistema-di-monitoraggio-delle-avio-emissioni802408 Rinnovabili.it (Italiya)] cf05u3zwmfzmvtpu6dfznf6flys8twx 827043 827042 2026-04-27T11:32:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 827043 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ETSWAP''' (Emissions Trading Scheme Workflow Automation Automation Project) shine tsarin tushen gidan yanar gizo wanda Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya ke gudanarwa don masu fitar da hayaƙi don sarrafawa, tantancewa da bayar da rahoton fitar da iskar Carbon Dioxide (kuma a nan gaba, sauran Gases na Greenhouse), kamar yadda EU ta buƙata. ETS (Tsarin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Tarayyar Turai).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Environmental Protection Agency |url=https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |access-date=2023-09-23 |archive-date=2020-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205023602/https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zayyana tsari da tsarin tsarin ETSWAP acikin takardar fahimtar juna da gwamnatocin Birtaniya, Jamus, Ireland da Netherlands suka samar, wanda kuma ya sanya wa tsarin suna "Aikin Automation"(WAP).<ref>UK Use of IT Tools in the EU ETS Compliance Process, p4 </ref> An tsara aikace-aikacen don saduwa da sababbin buƙatun EU ETS wanda aka samo daga [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32008L0101:en:NOT Umarnin 2008/101/CE]. An tsara tsarin don sauƙaƙe kammalawa da ƙaddamar da ingantattun hayaki da rahotannin ƙididdiga, duba abubuwan da aka amince da su/tsare-tsaren ƙididdiga don masu aiki da ke da su da kuma ƙaddamar da tsare-tsaren fitarwa don sababbin masu aiki. Kamar yadda a watan Yulin shekarar 2011, an saita ETSWAP don bayar da rahoto game da hayaƙin carbon ta bangaren jiragen sama kuma masu gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama 600 ne sukayi amfani da su a Burtaniya da 200 a Jamhuriyar Ireland.<ref>Edie Ireland News Article: Irish and British aviation emissions cutting work underway </ref> Ana faɗaɗa tsarin don rufe hayaƙi ta hanyar ƙafafen shigarwa nan da 2012. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<references /> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111108072552/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/127314.aspx Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya] * [http://www.eefni.org.uk/news/ETSWAP-first-stage-completed.php Dandalin Ilimi Don Dorewar Ci Gaba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330193441/http://www.eefni.org.uk/news/ETSWAP-first-stage-completed.php |date=2012-03-30 }} * [http://ec.europa.eu/clima/events/0008/s2_o_joel_uk_ea.pdf pdf: Amfani da UK na kayan aikin IT a cikin Tsarin Biyayya na EU ETS] * [http://www.cdcclimat.com/IMG/pdf/emissaire_brochure_02-11.pdf CDC Climat Brochure] * [http://www.edie.net/ireland/news/news_story.asp?id=20453&title=Irish+and+British+aviation+emissions+cutting+work+underway+ Labari na Edie Ireland: Ana ci gaba da aiwatar da aikin rage hayakin jiragen sama na Irish da Birtaniyya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110820044009/http://www.bbga.aero/conference_2011/Ben%20Smith%20-%20EU%20ETS%20Developments%20and%20Deadlines.pdf pdf: Sashen Gabatar da Sufuri a Taron Shekara-shekara na BBGA, 8 ga Maris, 2011] * [http://www.argusmediagroup.com/News/Article?id=760026 Argus Media] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330194525/http://www.argusmediagroup.com/News/Article?id=760026 |date=2012-03-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120330194522/http://www.climate-connect.co.uk/Home/?q=node%2F948 Haɗin Yanayi: Sabon tsarin bin diddigin hayaƙi na EU ETS Aviation] * [http://www.technoworldinc.com/techno-news/sfw-ltd-and-cdc-climat-deliver-eu-emissions-trading-scheme-eu-ets-system-for-a-t126772.0.html;msg132471#msg132471 TechnoWorldInc- The Technical Encyclopedia] * [http://www.rinnovabili.it/etswap-conclusa-la-prima-fase-del-sistema-di-monitoraggio-delle-avio-emissioni802408 Rinnovabili.it (Italiya)] 7pnb92yq56p3az5fzqbcoa216y2wuiu 827044 827043 2026-04-27T11:32:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 827044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''ETSWAP''' (Emissions Trading Scheme Workflow Automation Automation Project) shine tsarin tushen gidan yanar gizo wanda Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya ke gudanarwa don masu fitar da hayaƙi don sarrafawa, tantancewa da bayar da rahoton fitar da iskar Carbon Dioxide (kuma a nan gaba, sauran Gases na Greenhouse), kamar yadda EU ta buƙata. ETS (Tsarin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Tarayyar Turai).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Environmental Protection Agency |url=https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |access-date=2023-09-23 |archive-date=2020-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205023602/https://ets.epa.ie/Common/Help.aspx#gen20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zayyana tsari da tsarin tsarin ETSWAP acikin takardar fahimtar juna da gwamnatocin Birtaniya, Jamus, Ireland da Netherlands suka samar, wanda kuma ya sanya wa tsarin suna "Aikin Automation"(WAP).<ref>UK Use of IT Tools in the EU ETS Compliance Process, p4 </ref> An tsara aikace-aikacen don saduwa da sababbin buƙatun EU ETS wanda aka samo daga [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32008L0101:en:NOT Umarnin 2008/101/CE]. An tsara tsarin don sauƙaƙe kammalawa da ƙaddamar da ingantattun hayaki da rahotannin ƙididdiga, duba abubuwan da aka amince da su/tsare-tsaren ƙididdiga don masu aiki da ke da su da kuma ƙaddamar da tsare-tsaren fitarwa don sababbin masu aiki. Kamar yadda a watan Yulin shekarar 2011, an saita ETSWAP don bayar da rahoto game da hayaƙin carbon ta bangaren jiragen sama kuma masu gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama 600 ne sukayi amfani da su a Burtaniya da 200 a Jamhuriyar Ireland.<ref>Edie Ireland News Article: Irish and British aviation emissions cutting work underway </ref> Ana faɗaɗa tsarin don rufe hayaƙi ta hanyar ƙafafen shigarwa nan da 2012. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<references /> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111108072552/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/127314.aspx Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya] * [http://www.eefni.org.uk/news/ETSWAP-first-stage-completed.php Dandalin Ilimi Don Dorewar Ci Gaba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330193441/http://www.eefni.org.uk/news/ETSWAP-first-stage-completed.php |date=2012-03-30 }} * [http://ec.europa.eu/clima/events/0008/s2_o_joel_uk_ea.pdf pdf: Amfani da UK na kayan aikin IT a cikin Tsarin Biyayya na EU ETS] * [http://www.cdcclimat.com/IMG/pdf/emissaire_brochure_02-11.pdf CDC Climat Brochure] * [http://www.edie.net/ireland/news/news_story.asp?id=20453&title=Irish+and+British+aviation+emissions+cutting+work+underway+ Labari na Edie Ireland: Ana ci gaba da aiwatar da aikin rage hayakin jiragen sama na Irish da Birtaniyya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110820044009/http://www.bbga.aero/conference_2011/Ben%20Smith%20-%20EU%20ETS%20Developments%20and%20Deadlines.pdf pdf: Sashen Gabatar da Sufuri a Taron Shekara-shekara na BBGA, 8 ga Maris, 2011] * [http://www.argusmediagroup.com/News/Article?id=760026 Argus Media] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330194525/http://www.argusmediagroup.com/News/Article?id=760026 |date=2012-03-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120330194522/http://www.climate-connect.co.uk/Home/?q=node%2F948 Haɗin Yanayi: Sabon tsarin bin diddigin hayaƙi na EU ETS Aviation] * [http://www.technoworldinc.com/techno-news/sfw-ltd-and-cdc-climat-deliver-eu-emissions-trading-scheme-eu-ets-system-for-a-t126772.0.html;msg132471#msg132471 TechnoWorldInc- The Technical Encyclopedia] * [http://www.rinnovabili.it/etswap-conclusa-la-prima-fase-del-sistema-di-monitoraggio-delle-avio-emissioni802408 Rinnovabili.it (Italiya)] syzo5bunsjunx9q0r655sozhw1cspcb 0 61062 827002 340473 2026-04-27T11:16:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 827002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Frances''' kogi ne dake yankin [[New Zealand]] ne. Yana tasowa kusa da [[Lambert Col]] kuma yana gudana kudu don hadewa da [[McCoy Stream]] don samar da [[Kogin Clyde (New Zealand)|Kogin Clyde]]. Clyde yana gudana cikin kogin Rangitata, wanda a ƙarshe ya fita zuwa Tekun Pacific. == Duba kuma == * Jerin koguna na New Zealand == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081014041929/http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/search/index.aspx Bayanin Ƙasa New Zealand] - Bincika Sunayen Wuri {{Coord|43|22|30|S|170|45|55|E|type:river_region:NZ-CAN_scale:100000}} 62vphkq97kw0fx8bkzstokeyvt4x1lj 827003 827002 2026-04-27T11:17:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 827003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Frances''' kogi ne dake yankin [[New Zealand]] ne. Yana tasowa kusa da [[Lambert Col]] kuma yana gudana kudu don hadewa da McCoy Stream don samar da [[Kogin Clyde (New Zealand)|Kogin Clyde]]. Clyde yana gudana cikin kogin Rangitata, wanda a ƙarshe ya fita zuwa Tekun Pacific. == Duba kuma == * Jerin koguna na New Zealand == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081014041929/http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/search/index.aspx Bayanin Ƙasa New Zealand] - Bincika Sunayen Wuri {{Coord|43|22|30|S|170|45|55|E|type:river_region:NZ-CAN_scale:100000}} 0tnpf2y5a9oy4ovjegxs4o6dduopup4 827004 827003 2026-04-27T11:17:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 827004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Frances''' kogi ne dake yankin [[New Zealand]] ne. Yana tasowa kusa da Lambert Col kuma yana gudana kudu don hadewa da McCoy Stream don samar da [[Kogin Clyde (New Zealand)|Kogin Clyde]]. Clyde yana gudana cikin kogin Rangitata, wanda a ƙarshe ya fita zuwa Tekun Pacific. == Duba kuma == * Jerin koguna na New Zealand == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081014041929/http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/search/index.aspx Bayanin Ƙasa New Zealand] - Bincika Sunayen Wuri {{Coord|43|22|30|S|170|45|55|E|type:river_region:NZ-CAN_scale:100000}} jcnja4e727dczl82qhsl2wz9usr520x 827005 827004 2026-04-27T11:17:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 827005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Frances''' kogi ne dake yankin [[New Zealand]] ne. Yana tasowa kusa da Lambert Col kuma yana gudana kudu don hadewa da McCoy Stream don samar da [[Kogin Clyde (New Zealand)|Kogin Clyde]]. Clyde yana gudana cikin kogin Rangitata, wanda a ƙarshe ya fita zuwa Tekun Pacific. == Duba kuma == * Jerin koguna na [[New Zealand]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081014041929/http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/search/index.aspx Bayanin Ƙasa New Zealand] - Bincika Sunayen Wuri {{Coord|43|22|30|S|170|45|55|E|type:river_region:NZ-CAN_scale:100000}} lqn17b7jywk7usm2f7p5q60m47dng06 827006 827005 2026-04-27T11:17:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 827006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Frances''' kogi ne dake yankin [[New Zealand]] ne. Yana tasowa kusa da Lambert Col kuma yana gudana kudu don hadewa da McCoy Stream don samar da [[Kogin Clyde (New Zealand)|Kogin Clyde]]. Clyde yana gudana cikin kogin Rangitata, wanda a ƙarshe ya fita zuwa Tekun Pacific. == Duba kuma == * Jerin koguna na [[New Zealand]] == Manazarta == {{Hujja}}{{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081014041929/http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/search/index.aspx Bayanin Ƙasa New Zealand] - Bincika Sunayen Wuri {{Coord|43|22|30|S|170|45|55|E|type:river_region:NZ-CAN_scale:100000}} k27j9nrqfkv0bibswcg7zm49fu613v1 827007 827006 2026-04-27T11:18:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 827007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Frances''' kogi ne dake yankin [[New Zealand]] ne. Yana tasowa kusa da Lambert Col kuma yana gudana kudu don hadewa da McCoy Stream don samar da [[Kogin Clyde (New Zealand)|Kogin Clyde]]. Clyde yana gudana cikin kogin Rangitata, wanda a ƙarshe ya fita zuwa Tekun Pacific. {{Stub}} == Duba kuma == * Jerin koguna na [[New Zealand]] == Manazarta == {{Hujja}}{{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081014041929/http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/search/index.aspx Bayanin Ƙasa New Zealand] - Bincika Sunayen Wuri {{Coord|43|22|30|S|170|45|55|E|type:river_region:NZ-CAN_scale:100000}} mzb5r3fuxf5f10eanoqv5vi9ucbnqkw 0 62700 826898 550430 2026-04-27T07:01:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gbemiga Ogunleye,''' lauya ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|dan Najeriya]], ɗan jarida, masanin harkokin yaɗa labarai, kuma tsohon shugaba na [[Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Jarida|Cibiyar Jarida ta Najeriya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theeagleonline.com.ng/nij-appoints-ogunleye-johnson-as-provost-deputy-provost/|title=NIJ appoints Ogunleye, Johnson as Provost, Deputy Provost|work=The Eagle Online - The Nigerian Online Newspaper|accessdate=6 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsnowafrica.com/tag/nigerian-institute-of-journalism/|title=NIGERIAN INSTITUTE OF JOURNALISM - NEWS NOW AFRICA|work=newsnowafrica.com|accessdate=6 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412101015/http://newsnowafrica.com/tag/nigerian-institute-of-journalism/|archive-date=12 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ilimi == Ya samu digirin farko a fannin shari’a daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami’ar Jihar Legas]], sannan ya yi digiri na biyu a fannin yaɗa labarai da sadarwa daga [[Jami'ar Pan Atlantic|Jami’ar Pan-Atlantic]] amma ya samu shaidar kammala Diploma a aikin jarida.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theelitesng.com/nij-sacks-provost-elisabeth-ikem-ogunleye-johnson-named-new-provost-deputy-provost/|title=sacks provost,elisabeth ikem Ogunleye Johnson named new provost and deputy provost|work=theelitesng.com|accessdate=6 April 2015|archive-date=12 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412035331/http://www.theelitesng.com/nij-sacks-provost-elisabeth-ikem-ogunleye-johnson-named-new-provost-deputy-provost/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya kuma sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha (BA) a fannin ilimin harsuna daga [[Jami'ar Benin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/feature/literary-punch/ogunleye-becomes-nij-provost/ |title=Ogunleye becomes NIJ provost |work=The Punch - Nigeria's Most Widely Read Newspaper |accessdate=6 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318131917/http://www.punchng.com/feature/literary-punch/ogunleye-becomes-nij-provost/ |archivedate=18 March 2015 }}</ref> == Sana'a == Ogunleye shi ne Shugaban Sadarwa na Kamfanin [[Arik Air]], wani kamfanin jirgin sama na Najeriya da ke gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na cikin gida, yanki da na waje.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://proshareng.com/news/1889|title=EFCC Probes Arik Air Ownership Structure, Funding|work=proshareng.com|accessdate=6 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.savidnews.com/council-of-nigerian-institute-of-journalism-appoints-new-officers/|title=Council of Nigerian Institute of Journalism appoints new officers – Savid News, Sports, Politics|work=savidnews.com|accessdate=6 April 2015}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance mataimakin babban editan jaridar ''The Punch'', jaridar Daily Nigerian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dameawards.com/dame20thphoto.htm|title=DAME Awards|work=dameawards.com|accessdate=6 April 2015|archive-date=25 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825002902/http://dameawards.com/dame20thphoto.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kafin naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban [[Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Jarida|Cibiyar Jarida ta Najeriya]] don maye gurbin Dr. Elizabeth Ikem, ya kasance darektan Labarai da al'amuran yau da kullun a [[TVC News]], kasar Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/nij-gets-new-provost-deputy/|title=NIJ gets new provost, deputy - The Nation|work=The Nation|accessdate=6 April 2015}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1959]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Yan jaridar Najeriya]] h4ndpgwqq7r5m4yogerj1e8q00f753q 0 64317 826643 790731 2026-04-26T12:04:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Frances Baaba Sey''' (née '''Biney''') (Afrilu 21, 1927 - 1991)<ref name="Modern Ghana">{{cite web|title=Legon Inaugurates New Hall Of Residence|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/373443/legon-inaugurates-new-hall-of-residence.html|publisher=[[Modernghana.com|Modern Ghana]]|access-date=5 May 2018|language=en-gb|date=22 January 2012}}</ref> ita ce mace ta farko da ta kammala digiri a Jami'ar Ghana. Bayan ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Achimota a [[Accra]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oldachimotan.net/news/detail/93 |title=A Hall is named after an Akora |website=Old Achimotan Association |date=2012-06-25 |access-date=2018-05-07 |archive-date=2018-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507153908/http://www.oldachimotan.net/news/detail/93 |url-status=dead }}</ref> an shigar da a lokacin Kwalejin Jami'ar Gold Coast, yanzu Jami'ar Ghana, a shekarar 1950 kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na BA a shekara ta 1953.<ref name=vibeghana_2012>{{cite web |url=http://vibeghana.com/2012/01/19/university-of-ghana-inaugurates-hall-in-honour-of-first-female-graduate/ |title=University of Ghana inaugurates hall in honour of first female graduate |date=January 19, 2012 |website=vibeghana.com |access-date=December 9, 2023 |archive-date=July 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731035244/http://vibeghana.com/2012/01/19/university-of-ghana-inaugurates-hall-in-honour-of-first-female-graduate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan ta kammala ta zama Jami'ar Ilimi ta Sekondi. Ta kasance Shugabar Sashen Turanci a Makarantar Achimota har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1987. Bugu da ƙari, ta yi aiki a kwamitin gwamnonin makarantar Ghana International School har zuwa rasuwarta. Ta koyar a makarantu da dama da suka hada da Wesley Girls High School, Cape Coast; Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint Louis a [[Kumasi]]; da Makarantar Achimota da ke Accra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghanaianmuseum.com/elizabeth-frances-baaba-sey-first-female-graduate-of-the-university-of-ghana/|title=Elizabeth Frances Baaba Sey, first female graduate of the University of Ghana.|date=2019-12-30|website=Ghanaian Museum|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-07|archive-date=2020-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925124637/https://ghanaianmuseum.com/elizabeth-frances-baaba-sey-first-female-graduate-of-the-university-of-ghana/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jami'ar Ghana ta sanya sunan wani ɗakin zama mai ɗakuna 400 Elizabeth Sey Hall a shekarar 2011, a matsayin girmamawa don tunawa da gudunmawar da ta bayar a makarantar. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://apps.ug.edu.gh/efseyhall/about-us/history-and-today |title=Elizabeth Frances Sey Hall - UG: History and Today |access-date=2023-12-09 |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127164715/http://apps.ug.edu.gh/efseyhall/about-us/history-and-today |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="vibeghana_2012"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://apps.ug.edu.gh/efseyhall/about-us/history-and-today |title=Elizabeth Frances Sey Hall - UG: History and Today |access-date=2023-12-09 |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127164715/http://apps.ug.edu.gh/efseyhall/about-us/history-and-today |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mijinta shine Samuel Sey, Shugaban Bankin Barclays Ghana Limited sannan kuma Shugaban Majalisar Jami'ar Ghana. Ya mutu a ranar 10 ga watan Afrilu, 1991. Suna da yara biyu.<ref name="obituary">{{cite news |editor-last1=Clegg |editor-first1=Sam |title=Obituary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=atWyjd4Plr4C&dq=%22elizabeth+baaba+sey%22&pg=PA12 |access-date=18 January 2022 |work=People's Daily Graphic |issue=1,1269 |publisher=Graphic Communications Group Ltd |date=16 April 1991 |page=12 |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Haifaffun 1927]] os29jjvwefgqv4jjqqfm6ltssg2bq0p 0 65539 826673 545868 2026-04-26T15:34:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ernest Asi Afiesimama''' [[Climatology|masanin kimiyar muhalli da yanayi ne]] [[Ɗan Nijeriya|ɗan ƙasar Najeriya]] wanda ya yi aiki da Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta [[Najeriya]] kuma ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan harkokin muhalli da yanayi a Stern Integrated Projects<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/company/284981/stern-integrated-projects-limited |title=Stern Integrated Projects |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=www.manpower.com.ng }}</ref> Ya kuma kasance Coordinator na Save [[Nigeria|Nigerian]] Environment Initiative.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://savenigerianenvironment.org/index.php/2012-03-14-03-21-37/111-national-coordinator|title=Save Nigerian Environment Initiative - Ernest A. Afiesimama (Chairman Board Of Trustee)|website=savenigerianenvironment.org|access-date=24 August 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001171443/http://savenigerianenvironment.org/index.php/2012-03-14-03-21-37/111-national-coordinator|url-status=dead}}</ref> A halin yanzu yana aiki tare da Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya. == Fage == An haifi Afiesimama a Ogoloma, [[Okrika]], [[Jihar Rivers|Jihar Ribas]]. Ya halarci Cibiyar horas da yanayi ta Duniya (WMO) Regional Training Centre (RTC) Legas kuma ya sami takardar shedar Class III (Weather Analyst) da Class II (Weather Forecaster) ya samu satifiket da (distinction). Ya kammala karatun digirin digirgir kan yanayi a shekarar 1988 a [[Kwalejin Fasahar Jiragen Sama ta Najeriya]] da ke [[Zariya]] sannan ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya ta [[Akure]]. Ya yi digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar yanayi (Meteorology) da Master of Sciences (Distinction) a fannin ruwa da albarkatun ruwa. Ya samu digirinsa na uku (Ph.D) a [[Climatology|fannin climatology]] (climatedynamics) a [[Jami'ar Lagos|jami'ar Legas]] kuma ya shafe shekaru da dama yana aikin tuntubar [[muhalli]]. Kwanan nan ya sami digiri na farko a [[Doka|fannin Shari'a]] daga Jami'ar Shari'a, [[United Kingdom]]. Yana da babbar difloma a Injiniyanci na lantarki/lantarki da sauran takaddun karatun digiri a fannonin [[muhalli]] da yanayi. == Ma'aikacin yanayi == Ya shiga Sashen Kula da Yanayi na Ma'aikatar Tarayya a lokacin kuma ya kasance mai gabatar da yanayin gidan talabijin na ƙasa a shekara ta 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://users.ictp.it/~sci_info/News_from_ICTP/News_87/dateline.html|title=News from ICTP 87 - Dateline|website=users.ictp.it|access-date=2023-12-23|archive-date=2007-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609221800/http://users.ictp.it/%7Esci_info/News_from_ICTP/News_87/dateline.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya sami lambar yabo don kwarewa a gabatar da yanayi. Ya kasance shugaban hulɗar ƙasa da ƙasa da ka'idoji sannan kuma babban manaja, hasashen yanayi na lambobi (NWP)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/en/news/nigerian-scientists-allay-fears-of-west-african-ts.html|title=Nigerian scientists allay fears of West African tsunami|first=|last=SciDev.Net|publisher=}}</ref> na Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta [[Najeriya]] (NiMet).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nimet.gov.ng/ |title=Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet). |website=www.nimet.gov.ng |access-date=2023-12-23 |archive-date=2022-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614095940/https://nimet.gov.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A halin yanzu shi ne Manajan Shirye-shiryen, Ofisoshin [[Afirka]] da ƙasashe Masu Ci Gaba a Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya a Geneva, [[Switzerland]]. Afiesimama babban masanin kimiyya ne na Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Kimiyya ta Duniya (Physics of Weather and Climate Group), Trieste, [[Italiya]] daga shekarun 2002 zuwa 2014. Ya kasance jagoran marubucin sadarwa ta [[Najeriya]] ta biyu kan ci gaban yanayin yanayi a [[Najeriya]]. == Bayan aiki == Ya kasance manajan darakta na Stern Integrated Projects.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/company/284981/stern-integrated-projects-limited |title=Stern Integrated Projects. |author=<!--Not stated--> }}</ref> Waɗannan ayyukan suna da alaƙa da horar da muhalli da tuntuɓar muhalli, ƙididdigar tasirin muhalli da dubawa, raunin muhalli, raguwa da daidaitawa saboda canjin yanayi da canji. Bugu da kari, shi ne kodinetan kungiyar Save Nigerian Environment Initiative (SNEI) na ƙasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://savenigerianenvironment.org/index.php/2012-03-14-03-21-37/111-national-coordinator |title=Save Nigerian Environment Initiative (SNEI). |access-date=24 August 2020 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001171443/http://savenigerianenvironment.org/index.php/2012-03-14-03-21-37/111-national-coordinator |url-status=dead }}</ref> kungiya ce mai zaman kanta, wacce ke kokarin wayar da kan jama'a, ilmantarwa da inganta kariya, kiyayewa da ingantaccen amfani da muhalli ta hanyar da ta dace don ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Ya rubuta rahotanni game da kimanta tasirin muhalli, batutuwan da suka shafi nazarin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki game da haɗarin yanayi, zaɓuɓɓukan ragewa da kuma daidaitawa da dabarun daidaitawa saboda sauyin yanayi da canji a kan ayyukan gida, na ƙasa da na duniya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.climdev-africa.org/acc2013CommitteesLP |title=CCDAII Participants |access-date=2023-12-23 |archive-date=2020-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108032909/http://www.climdev-africa.org/acc2013CommitteesLP |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.fr/cic/wsn05/DVD/participants.html |title=World Weather Research Program Symposium on Nowcasting and Very Short Range Forecasting Participants |access-date=2023-12-23 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305031558/http://www.meteo.fr/cic/wsn05/DVD/participants.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kasance memba na Nazarin Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyzes (AMMA-2050),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amma2050.org |title=African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA-2050)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://amma-international.org/|title=AMMA - International|website=www.amma-international.org|language=en|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=2022-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615191144/https://www.amma-international.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> International Scientific Steering Committee (ISSC) a Turai<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ihec-epigenomes.org/about/committees/issc |title=International Scientific Steering Committee (ISSC) in Europe}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clivar.org/organization/africa/ssc/ssc |title=International Scientific Steering Committee}}</ref> kuma shugaban kwamitin kimiyya na AMMA a [[Afirka]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amma-international.org/|title=AMMA International|website=www.amma2050.org|language=en|access-date=2023-12-23|archive-date=2022-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615191144/https://www.amma-international.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shi memba ne na ƙwararrun ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Ƙungiyar Haɗaɗɗiyar Ruwa ta [[Najeriya]], da Kungiyar American Meteorological Society da American Geophysical Union. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 707iflc7qf62aqritw1z4cxffa6y62j 0 69040 826835 372221 2026-04-27T00:09:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Finding Hillywood''''' fim ne game da abinda ya faru da gaske na shekarar 2013 wanda ke nazarin masana'antar fina-finai da ke tasowa a Ruwanda (masana'antada aka fi sani da Hillywood a yanzu).<ref>{{cite web |date=2014-08-21 |title=The Academy Explores Rwanda Film Industry With &quot;Finding Hillywood&quot; Screening In NYC |url=https://www.oscars.org/news/academy-explores-rwanda-film-industry-finding-hillywood-screening-nyc |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=Oscars.org {{!}} Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |language=en}}</ref> == Takaitaccen bayani == Fim ɗin yana gabatarwa da masu kallo zuwa farkon masana'antar fim ta Rwanda, manyan membobin Hillywood kamar Ayuub Kasasa Mago, da Eric Kabera, tare da tasirinta ga 'yan Rwanda. == Kyauta == * Best Documentary, Rainier Independent Film Fest (2014)<ref>{{cite web |title=Awards |url=https://rainier.film/awards |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=RAINIER INDEPENDENT FILM FESTIVAL |language=en-US}}</ref> * Audience Award, Napa Film Festival (2013)<ref>{{cite web |title=Finding Hillywood {{!}} Inflatable Film {{!}} Feature Documentary |url=https://www.inflatablefilm.com/finding-hillywood/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=Inflatable Film |language=en-US}}</ref> * Critic’s Award at Sebastopol Documentary Festival<ref>{{cite web |title=Finding Hillywood {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/films/finding-hillywood/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Best Pacific Northwest Film, Eugene International Film Fest (2013)<ref>{{cite web |last=Lyons |first=Emily |date=2016-07-21 |title=Finding Hillywood |url=https://www.eugenefilmfest.org/blog/finding-hollywood/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=Eugene International Film Festival |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Best Mid-Length Doc, [[Montreal International Black Film Festival|Montreal Black Film Fest]] (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/the-retrieval-and-small-small-thing-receive-top-honnor-at-the-9th-montreal-international-black-film-festival-513025211.html |title=The retrieval and Small small thing receive top honnor at the 9th Montreal International Black Film Festival |publisher=Newswire.ca |date=2013-09-29 |accessdate=2022-08-14}}</ref> * 3rd Prize, Afghanistan Human Rights Festival (2013)<ref>{{cite web |date=2013-10-10 |title=Second Afghanistan Human Rights Film Festival ends with awards and prizes ceremony |url=https://unama.unmissions.org/second-afghanistan-human-rights-film-festival-ends-awards-and-prizes-ceremony |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=UNAMA |language=en}}</ref> == Bukukuwa == * 2013: [[Seattle International Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web |title=SIFF Announces First Lineup of Films From the 2013 Festival |url=https://www.siff.net/news/press/press-releases/siff-announces-first-lineup-of-films-from-the-2013-festival |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=www.siff.net |language=en}}</ref> * 2013: [[Bahamas International Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Robbins |first=Caryn |title=Bahamas Int'l Film Festival 2013 Lineup Revealed |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Bahamas-Intl-Film-Festival-2013-Lineup-Revealed-2013111458 |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=BroadwayWorld.com |language=en}}</ref> * 2014: [[FilmAid]] Film Festival ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} evr7q6ejqznpbjwhdy9u0er6aav81lt 0 69707 826854 375178 2026-04-27T03:30:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''From a Whisper'''''<ref name=fcat>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcat.es/FCAT/index.php?option=com_zoo&task=item&item_id=405&Itemid=37|title=African Film Festival of Cordoba-FCAT (license CC BY-SA)|access-date=8 March 2012|archive-date=8 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708162948/http://www.fcat.es/FCAT/index.php?option=com_zoo&task=item&item_id=405&Itemid=37|url-status=dead}}</ref> fim din wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Kenya<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nairobinow.wordpress.com/2008/09/13/new-kenyan-movie-from-a-whisper-screening-now-20th-century/|title=Release Date, From a Whisper|accessdate=2009-10-21}}</ref> wanda ya taɓa lashe lambar yabo ta Afirka Movie Academy Award Wanuri Kahiu ne ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Fim ɗin ya karɓi zaɓe na 12 kuma ya sami lambobin yabo 5 a Awards Academy Awards a cikin shekarar 2009, ya haɗa da ''Mafi kyawun Hoto'', ''Mafi kyawun Sauti na Asali'', ''Mafi kyawun Darakta'', ''Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na asali'' da ''AMAA Achievement a Editing''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009|title=AMAA 2009: List of Winners and Nominees|accessdate=17 October 2010|publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405090903/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009|archivedate=5 April 2011}}</ref> Har ila yau, fim ɗin ya sami lambar yabo ''mafi kyawun Bayar da Bayani'' a shekarar 2010 Pan African Film &amp;amp; Arts Festival,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paff.org/film-festival/filmmaker-awards/|title=Filmmaker Awards|publisher=[[Pan African Film Festival]]|accessdate=15 July 2010|location=Los Angeles, USA|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722053715/http://www.paff.org/film-festival/filmmaker-awards/|archivedate=22 July 2010}}</ref> kuma an karrama shi da lambar yabo ta 2010 BAFTA/LA ''Festival Choice Prize''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baftala.org/news/index.php?section=Archive|title=BAFTA/LA partners with Pan African Film and Arts Festival|publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]|accessdate=15 July 2010|location=Los Angeles, USA|archive-date=25 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725034651/http://www.baftala.org/news/index.php?section=Archive|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ko da yake fim ɗin na tunawa da cika shekaru 10 da harin ta'addanci a ƙasar Kenya a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta a shekarar 1998, amma ba batun tashin bam ɗin na ta'addanci ba ne. Fim ɗin ya nuna sahihin labari na abin da ya biyo bayan tashin bam ɗin, ta hanyar ɗaukar rayukan waɗanda abin ya shafa da iyalansu da suka debo sassan jikunan su da fashewar ta rutsa da su.<ref name=site1>{{cite web|url=http://fromawhisper.com/|title=Official Website|accessdate=2009-10-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africanloft.com/kenyas-from-a-whisper-wins-big-at-2009-african-movie-awards/|title=From a Whisper: Brief Review|accessdate=2009-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909033335/http://www.africanloft.com/kenyas-from-a-whisper-wins-big-at-2009-african-movie-awards/|archive-date=9 September 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Takaitaccen bayani == From a ''whisper'' ya dogara ne akan ainihin abubuwan da suka faru da suka shafi harin bam na ranar 7 ga watan Agusta a ofishin jakadancin Amurka a [[Nairobi]] a cikin shekarar 1998. Abu jami'in leken asiri ne da ke riƙe da kansa. Lokacin da ya haɗu da Tamani, matashiya, mai fasaha 'yar tawaye wacce ke neman mahaifiyarta, ya yanke shawarar taimaka mata. Gano mutuwarta ya sanya tunowa Fareed babban abokin Abu wanda shima ya rasa ransa a harin. Binciken ya tilasta musu su koyi yadda za su gafartawa, yin imani da kansu, kuma su fuskanci abin da suka fi gaskiya.<ref name=fcat/> == 'Yan wasa == * Ken Ambani * Abubakar Mwenda * Godfrey Odhiambo * [[Corine Onyango]] == Kyauta == * Festival Internacional de Zanzibar 2009 * Festival Internacional de [[Kenya]] 2009 * Kyautar Africa Movie Academy Awards 2010<ref name=fcat/> == Manazarta == [[Category:fim]] cj1tisrvewxy70t0zesj1wgjn3jm2q4 0 70902 826840 692890 2026-04-27T00:45:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Flame''''' fim ne mai rikitarwa na cikin shekara ta 1996 na yaƙi wanda Ingrid Sinclair ya ba da umarni,<ref name="newsreel1">{{cite web|url=http://newsreel.org/nav/title.asp?tc=CN0034|title=Flame|publisher=California Newsreel|accessdate=13 April 2011}}</ref> wanda [[Joel Phiri]] da Simon Bright suka shirya,<ref name="zimmedia">{{cite web|url=http://www.zimmedia.com/flame/|title=Flame|publisher=Zimmedia|accessdate=13 April 2011|archive-date=29 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129082011/http://zimmedia.com/flame/|url-status=dead}}</ref> da taurari Marian Kunonga da Ulla Mahaka.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0116317/|title=Flame (1998)|publisher=IMDb|accessdate=13 April 2011}}</ref> Shi ne fim ɗin farko na Zimbabwe, tun bayan samun 'yancin kai, da aka shirya a yakin Bush na Rhodesian. Hakan ya kasance karramawa ga ’yan daba mata da yawa na Sojojin Sa-kai na Afirka ta Zimbabwe.<ref name="newsreel1"/> == Labarin fim == A lokacin yakin Bush na Rhodesian, Florence, wata yarinya baƙar fata daga yankin [[Mashonaland]], ta yanke shawarar guduwa ta shiga cikin Rundunar 'Yancin Afirka ta Zimbabwe (ZANLA) bayan da Jami'an Tsaro na Rhodesian suka tsare mahaifinta. Abokinta Nyasha ne ya hada ta da tafiyar ta; tare, sun yi tattaki zuwa kan iyaka zuwa sansanin horar da ZANLA a makwabciyar ƙasar Mozambique. Yayin da ake horar da 'yan daba, 'yan matan sun ɗauki sabbin halaye na juyin juya hali: Nyasha ta zaɓi sunan "Liberty", wanda ke nuni da sha'awarta ta 'yancin kai, yayin da Florence ke yiwa kanta lakabi da "Flame" don wakiltar dabi'arta. Flame ta samu ciki bayan da Comrade Che, wani ma’aikacin jam’iyyar ZANLA mara gaskiya ya yi mata fyade. Ko da yake da farko ta yi baƙin ciki, ta sulhunta kanta da renon ɗanta a sansanin. Daga baya Flame ta tsallake rijiya da baya wani harin iska na Rhodesian wanda ya kashe Che da yaronsu. Ta yanke shawarar cewa ba ta da wani abin da za ta rayu sai kokarin yaki, sai ta jefa kanta a cikin horon da take yi, ba da jimawa ba ta banbanta kanta a hare-haren da ZANLA da dama da ke kai hare-hare kan ababen more rayuwa da gonakin kasuwanci. Ƙarshen yaƙin da zaɓen Robert Mugabe a 1980 ya nuna bacin rai ga Flame, wanda ke da wuya ya daidaita da rayuwar farar hula. Da yawa daga cikin tsoffin sojojin ZANLA da ba su da aikin yi, ciki har da Flame da sabon mijinta, suna jin rashin kunya da rashin kula da gwamnatin Mugabe. Daga baya Flame ta ƙaura zuwa [[Harare]], inda Liberty ta yi amfani da tarihinta a matsayin jami'in leƙen asiri don samun muƙamin gudanarwa mai fa'ida. Haɗuwa tsakanin su biyun ya ɗan ɗanɗana, kamar yadda Flame ke son taimakon kuɗi amma Liberty ba ta yarda da salon ɗimbin jama'a na taimakon juna da manufa ɗaya da zarar an bi su a sansanonin 'yan tawaye ba. Shekaru biyar bayan kawo karshen yakin, Flame da Liberty sun halarci bikin ranar jarumai a ƙasar Zimbabwe da ke kara samun mulki da cin hanci da rashawa. Suna ci gaba da gaisawa da masu wucewa tare da tsohon taken Afirka, ''" A luta continua"'' ("gwagwarma ta ci gaba") yayin da fim ɗin ke rufe. == 'Yan wasa == * [[Marian Kunonga]] a matsayin Florence (Flame) * [[Ulla Mahaka]] a matsayin Nyasha (Liberty) <ref name="imdb" /> * [[Robina Chombe]] a matsayin Sadaka <ref name="Distribution">{{Cite web |title=Films Distribution |url=http://www.filmsdistribution.com/Film.aspx?ID=2025 |access-date=2024-02-23 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024058/http://www.filmsdistribution.com/Film.aspx?ID=2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Dick Chingaira]] a matsayin Rapo <ref name="Distribution" /> == Samarwa == An ɗauki fim ɗin ne a [[Zimbabwe|ƙasar Zimbabwe]]. <ref>Director</ref> == liyafa == An zaɓi Flame acikin shekara ta 1996 Cannes Film Festival. === Kyautattuka === Flame ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa a cikin bukukuwan fina-finai masu zuwa: '''[[Southern African Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finan Kudancin Afirka]], Harare''' * Kyautar OAU - Mafi kyawun Fim * Kyautar Jury - Mafi kyawun Jaruma * Kyautar Jury - Mafi kyawun Darakta '''[[Journées de Cinématographe de Carthage]], Tunis''' * Kyautar Jury na Musamman - Mafi kyawun Fim '''[[Amiens Film Festival]], Amiens, Faransa''' * Prix du Jama'a - Mafi kyawun Fim * Palmares du Jury - Mafi kyawun Jaruma * Kyautar OCIC - Mafi kyawun Fim '''[[M-Net Film Awards]], Cape Town''' * Mafi kyawun Kiɗa '''[[The Annonay International Film Festival|Annonay International Film Festival]], Faransa''' * Grand Prix - Mafi kyawun Fim * Premio del Pubblico (Kyautar Jama'a) * Concorso Lungometraggi - Migliore Opera Prima (Mafi kyawun Fim na Farko) '''[[The Human Rights Watch International Film Festival]], New York''' * Kyautar Nestor Almendros '''[[The International Women's Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Mata na Duniya]] a Turenne (1998)''' * Kyautar Jury don Mafi kyawun Fim * Kyautar Matasa don Mafi kyawun Fim === A Zimbabwe === Bayan an nuna su ga kungiyar tsoffin sojoji ta Zimbabwe, tsoffin sojojin sun yi ikirarin "cike da karya" kuma sun fusata da wurin fyaden. ‘Yan sanda sun kwace fim ɗin saboda “mai cin zarafi da batsa”, amma an mayar da shi ga furodusoshi bayan yakin duniya na farko. Daga qarshe, ya wuce censors na Zimbabwe kuma ya zama nasara a ofis kuma fim na ɗaya na shekara a Zimbabwe. == Manazarta == [[Category:fim]] q13dryi11ofq6i42tdoiutqy8rady8f 0 71750 826669 690396 2026-04-26T15:12:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Epule Jeffrey Ewusi''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1983) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Kamaru wanda aka sani da fina-finai kamar su Breach of Trust, Red Pink Poison (2013), Decoded (2013) da Royal destination featuring Tonto Dikeh da Emeka Ike. Ya fito a fina-finai sama da 35. A shekara ta 2012, an zabi shi kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Cameroon Entertainment a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na namiji da kuma lambar yabo ta DAMA mafi kyawun ɗan wasa na 2012 don fim ɗin Decoded. A shekara ta 2012, an zabi shi kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Cameroon Entertainment a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na namiji da kuma lambar yabo ta DAMA mafi kyawun ɗan wasa na 2012 don fim ɗin Decoded . <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pulse.ng/movies/discover-jeffery-epule-cameroon-movie-leading-man-id2510623.html |date=2 December 2013 |title=Discover JEFFERY EPULE: Cameroon Movie Leading Man |publisher=www.pulse.ng |access-date=2 July 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729144504/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/discover-jeffery-epule-cameroon-movie-leading-man-id2510623.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Epule Jeffrey Ewusi, an haife shi ne a yankin Buea ta Kudu maso yammacin Kamaru . Ya kasance Bakosian ta kabilanci, ya tafi makarantar firamare ta PNEU a Bamenda, Makarantar Grammar Bilingual (Lycee) Molyko a Buea kuma ya sami doka a Dokar Jama'a 2006 a Jami'ar Yaounde II .<ref>{{cite web|url= http://aabertrand.wixsite.com/g-tv-online/epule-jeffery | title= Epule Jeffery|publisher= aabertrand.wixsite.com|access-date=2 July 2017 }}</ref> == Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo == Jeffrey yana aiki tun 2012 kuma an nuna shi a cikin fina-finai sama da 35 a Cinema na Kamaru da [[Nollywood]] a Najeriya . bayyana a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da ake kira Zamba, wanda aka watsa a gidan talabijin na rediyo na Kamaru (CRTV). <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.camerbeaute.com/blog-1/lrr2gmtz2tznpjx64c5z6zgjjedaxk|title= RELEASE OF THE SAMBA TV SERIES' TRAILER|date= 5 November 2016|access-date= 2 July 2017|archive-date= 29 July 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170729140325/https://www.camerbeaute.com/blog-1/lrr2gmtz2tznpjx64c5z6zgjjedaxk|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://themomentng.com/index.php/2016/05/07/omega1-entertainment-raises-the-bar-with-samba/|title= Omega1 Entertainment Raises The Bar With 'Samba'|access-date= 2 July 2017}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {{Col-begin}}{{Col-3}} * ''[[Breach of Trust (2017 film)|Breach of Trust]]'' * '' [[Troubled Kingdom]] 2012 * ''Whisper'' (2013) * ''Decoded'' )(2013) * ''Royal destination'' )<ref>{{cite web|title="Cameroon's A-list actor Epule Jeffry, Alias "Jeff Jazzy" reveals himself|url=http://empowersuccessinafrica.blogspot.com/2014/03/cameroons-list-actor-epule-jeffry-alias.html|website= empowersuccessinafrica.blogspot.com |publisher=empowersuccessinafrica.blogspot.com |access-date=3 July 2017}}</ref> {{Col-end}} == Kyaututtuka == [[2012 Cameroon Entertainment Awards]] {{awards table}} |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| 2012 | rowspan="2"|(DECODED) | Best Actor | {{Won}} {{End}} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamaru]] * [[Sinima a Kamaru|Fim na Kamaru]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|6867328}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1983]] 5rn7b3jdryobjcb56b2iizubmg19e9w 0 72824 827008 813031 2026-04-27T11:18:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 827008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Toro''', wanda aka fi sani da ''Turkwam'', [[Harsunan Filato|harshen Filato]] ne na [[Najeriya]] . Ya yi asarar tsarin affix na suna na [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|dangin Nijar-Congo]]. Ana magana da Toro a ƙauyen Turkwam, dake arewa maso gabashin Wamba. Harshen har yanzu yana da mahimmanci, ba tare da haɗari nan da nan ba. Akwai kimanin mutane 3,000 zuwa 4,000 a kauyen Turkwam. Sigar jam'i na 'Toro people' shine ''à-Toro-mbo'' ). Mutanen Toro a al'adance sun haɗa da mutanen Kantana, waɗanda ke magana da yaren Jarawan Bantu . <ref>Blench, Roger. 2004. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Tarokoid/Tarokoid-subclassification.pdf Tarok and related languages of east-central Nigeria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930230321/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Tarokoid/Tarokoid-subclassification.pdf |date=2025-09-30 }}.</ref> <ref>Blench, Roger. 2010. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Alumic/Toro%20wordlist%20Unicode.pdf The Toro language of Central Nigeria and its affinities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329000839/https://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Alumic/Toro%20wordlist%20Unicode.pdf |date=2024-03-29 }}.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5pxsrmxh6w30n1ukx22un53kgd39tn8 827010 827008 2026-04-27T11:18:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 827010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Toro''', wanda aka fi sani da ''Turkwam'', [[Harsunan Filato|harshen Filato]] ne na [[Najeriya]] . Ya yi asarar tsarin affix na suna na [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|dangin Nijar-Congo]]. Ana magana da Toro a ƙauyen Turkwam, dake arewa maso gabashin Wamba. Harshen har yanzu yana da mahimmanci, ba tare da haɗari nan da nan ba. Akwai kimanin mutane 3,000 zuwa 4,000 a kauyen Turkwam. Sigar jam'i na 'Toro people' shine ''à-Toro-mbo'' ). Mutanen Toro a al'adance sun haɗa da mutanen Kantana, waɗanda ke magana da yaren Jarawan Bantu.<ref>Blench, Roger. 2004. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Tarokoid/Tarokoid-subclassification.pdf Tarok and related languages of east-central Nigeria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930230321/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Tarokoid/Tarokoid-subclassification.pdf |date=2025-09-30 }}.</ref><ref>Blench, Roger. 2010. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Alumic/Toro%20wordlist%20Unicode.pdf The Toro language of Central Nigeria and its affinities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329000839/https://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Alumic/Toro%20wordlist%20Unicode.pdf |date=2024-03-29 }}.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nrftxdztjpc3kcz6zm7d0rhy4cp8qp6 827011 827010 2026-04-27T11:19:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 827011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Toro''', wanda aka fi sani da ''Turkwam'', [[Harsunan Filato|harshen Filato]] ne na [[Najeriya]] . Ya yi asarar tsarin affix na suna na [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|dangin Nijar-Congo]]. Ana magana da Toro a ƙauyen Turkwam, dake arewa maso gabashin Wamba. Harshen har yanzu yana da mahimmanci, ba tare da haɗari nan da nan ba. Akwai kimanin mutane 3,000 zuwa 4,000 a kauyen Turkwam. Sigar jam'i na 'Toro people' shine ''à-Toro-mbo'' ). Mutanen Toro a al'adance sun haɗa da mutanen Kantana, waɗanda ke magana da yaren Jarawan Bantu.<ref>Blench, Roger. 2004. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Tarokoid/Tarokoid-subclassification.pdf Tarok and related languages of east-central Nigeria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930230321/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Tarokoid/Tarokoid-subclassification.pdf |date=2025-09-30 }}.</ref><ref>Blench, Roger. 2010. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Alumic/Toro%20wordlist%20Unicode.pdf The Toro language of Central Nigeria and its affinities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329000839/https://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Alumic/Toro%20wordlist%20Unicode.pdf |date=2024-03-29 }}.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ofmnbcfovvquua1kejdknpmdf6fk4j0 827012 827011 2026-04-27T11:19:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 827012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Toro''', wanda aka fi sani da '''''Turkwam''''', [[Harsunan Filato|harshen Filato]] ne na [[Najeriya]] . Ya yi asarar tsarin affix na suna na [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|dangin Nijar-Congo]]. Ana magana da Toro a ƙauyen Turkwam, dake arewa maso gabashin Wamba. Harshen har yanzu yana da mahimmanci, ba tare da haɗari nan da nan ba. Akwai kimanin mutane 3,000 zuwa 4,000 a kauyen Turkwam. Sigar jam'i na 'Toro people' shine ''à-Toro-mbo'' ). Mutanen Toro a al'adance sun haɗa da mutanen Kantana, waɗanda ke magana da yaren Jarawan Bantu.<ref>Blench, Roger. 2004. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Tarokoid/Tarokoid-subclassification.pdf Tarok and related languages of east-central Nigeria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930230321/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Tarokoid/Tarokoid-subclassification.pdf |date=2025-09-30 }}.</ref><ref>Blench, Roger. 2010. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Alumic/Toro%20wordlist%20Unicode.pdf The Toro language of Central Nigeria and its affinities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329000839/https://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Alumic/Toro%20wordlist%20Unicode.pdf |date=2024-03-29 }}.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 04ji6hbltiafmb4exfq3ndos07h2ls2 0 73699 826656 549965 2026-04-26T13:50:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Emem Inwang''' listeni 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma samfurin Najeriya. kasance '''Emem Udonquak.''' a baya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2014-03-16|title=Nollywood Director Moses Inwang & Actress Emem Undonquak Set To Wed n April|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/nollywood-director-moses-inwang-and-actress-emem-undonquak-set-to-wed-n-april/78sqrdb|access-date=2021-11-04|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archive-date=2021-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104094324/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/nollywood-director-moses-inwang-and-actress-emem-undonquak-set-to-wed-n-april/78sqrdb|url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 2014 ta lashe kyautar Nollywood Movies Awards ta 2014 (3rd edition) don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a matsayin tallafi a fim din ''Itoro'' . An gudanar da taron ne a Otal din Intercontinental, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] .<ref>{{Cite web|last=Muomah|first=Onyinye|date=2014-10-21|title=Flower Girl wins big at Nollywood Movie Awards {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/169838-flower-girl-wins-big-at-nollywood-movie-awards.html|access-date=2021-11-04|website=Premium Times|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == Emen Inwang 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya kuma samfurin daga jihar [[Akwa Ibom|Awka Ibom]] . An yi bikin ranar haihuwarta a ranar 8 ga Satumba. ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 2014 Emem ta auri Moses Inwang, darektan fina-finai da kuma furodusa na Najeriya. An haifi ɗansu farko a shekara ta 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|last=BellaNaija.com|date=2015-08-23|title=Nollywood Director Moses Inwang welcomes Son, Eden – First Photos!|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/08/nollywood-director-moses-inwang-welcomes-son-eden/|access-date=2021-11-04|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Simi|first=Jumoke|date=2017-01-31|title=Actress Emem Udonquak-Inwang Marks Hubby's Birthday with Endearing Words|url=https://motherhoodinstyle.net/2017/01/31/89099/|access-date=2021-11-04|website=Motherhood In-Style Magazine|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812234403/http://motherhoodinstyle.net/2017/01/31/89099/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ayyuka === Emem samfurin ne kuma ta zama sananniya lokacin da aka naɗa ta Sarauniyar Carnival na Calabar ta 2011/2012 a ranar Jumma'a 23 ga Disamba, 2011. [[First Bank (Nijeriya)|Bankin farko na Najeriya]] ne ya dauki nauyin gasar.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Aiki|first=Damilare|date=2012-01-19|title=Calabar Crowns a New Tourism Ambassador! Photos & Scoop from the 2011 Carnival Calabar Pageant at Studio Tinapa|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/01/calabar-crowns-a-new-tourism-ambassador-photos-scoop-from-the-2011-carnival-calabar-pageant-at-studio-tinapa/|access-date=2021-11-04|website=[[BellaNaija]]|language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar, ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar jakada kuma ta kasance a hukumance Jakadan yawon bude ido na Calabar kuma mai magana da yawun Mothers Against Child Abandonment (An shirya matar tsohon Gwamnan [[Cross River|Jihar Cross River]], Obioma Liyel-Imoke).<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2014-05-27|title=ITORO {{!}} African Movie Review {{!}} Talk African Movies|url=https://www.talkafricanmovies.com/itoro/|access-date=2021-11-04|website=www.talkafricanmovies.com|language=en-US}}</ref>Duk da haka, ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta fito a fina-finai da yawa na Nollywood. == Fina-finan da aka zaɓa == * ''Dokta Ƙauna'' (2020) * ''Itoro'' (2013) * ''Kullewa (2021) ''<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Emem Inwang : Biography {{!}} Filmography {{!}} Awards - Flixanda|url=https://flixanda.com/cast_crew/1113/emem-inwang|access-date=2021-11-04|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004122838/https://flixanda.com/cast_crew/1113/emem-inwang|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Unroyal|Rashin Gaskiya]] (2020) ''<ref name=":3" /> * ''[[Alter Ego (fim na 2017)|Canja Kai]] (2017) '' * ''Crazy People (2018) ''<ref name=":3" /> == Godiya gaisuwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kyauta da Nominations !Kyaututtuka !Sashe !Sakamakon !Tabbacin. |- |Kyautar Fim din Nollywood ta 2014 |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Matsayin Tallafawa|{{Won}} | |- |Kyautar Fim din Nollywood ta 2014 |Mafi kyawun Taurari mai tasowa (mace) |{{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Zaɓin Fim na Afirka na 2018 |Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin|{{Nom}} | |} == Haɗin waje == * Emem InwangaIMDb == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 65x1zxeu4dwzsb7g8z6wy0c9x5rfuoy 0 74021 826858 491929 2026-04-27T03:47:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826858 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Funny Face (1957 poster).jpg|thumb|Funny face]] [[Fayil:Funny Face Publicity.jpg|thumb|funny face]] '''Benson Nana Yaw Oduro Boateng''' (an haife shi a ranar ɗaya 1 ga Oktoba, shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da ɗaya 1981,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Funny-Face-bounces-back-announces-new-TV-show-as-he-marks-42nd-birthday-1854248|title=Funny Face bounces back; announces new TV show as he marks 42nd birthday|date=1 October 2023|publisher=Ghana Web|access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref><ref name="waitcastro">{{cite web | url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/july-9th/im-waiting-for-the-phone-call-you-promised-me-funny-face-reminds-castro.php | title=I'm waiting for the phone call you promised me – Funny Face reminds Castro | publisher=myjoyonline | accessdate=28 August 2014 | author=Aglanu, Ernest Dela }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da '''Funny Face''', ɗan wasan barkwanci ne kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo [[Ghana|na Ghana]], wanda aka sani da rawar da ya taka a TV3 Ghana 's sitcom Chorkor Trotro . Ana kuma san shi da '''SwagOn-Papa''' . .<ref name="break"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/artikel.php?ID=211332 | title=Funny Face, The 'Swag-On-Papa' For '1012 Laughs & Music' | publisher=GhanaWeb | accessdate=28 August 2014 | author=Anangfio, Ebenezer Jnr. | archive-date=3 September 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903110653/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/artikel.php?ID=211332 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/us-based-woman-sues-funny-face-for-allegedly-owing-her-over-53-000.html|title=US-based woman sues Funny Face for allegedly owing her over $53,000|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-01-25}}</ref> == Sana'a == Fitowar Farkon mai ban dariya a ''daren dubu ɗaya da goma 1010 Dariya'' ya kasance a cikin shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma 2010. An yi imanin cewa ya yi nasararsa ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo ta wannan.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/August-13th/funny-face-splits-with-manager.php | title=Funny face splits with manager | publisher=myjoyonline | accessdate=28 August 2014}}</ref> Fim wasan kwaikwayon mai ban dariya ya taka rawar ''abokin'' direba a TV3 sitcom ''Chorkor tro tro'', inda aka san shi da ''Chemu'' kafin ya bar aiki, saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba. Matsayinsa a ''Chorkor Trotro'' ya ba shi farin jini sosai. Ya kuma yi wasan barkwanci mai suna ''Night of 1018 dariya'' . <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/August-13th/funny-face-splits-with-manager.php | title=Funny face splits with manager | publisher=myjoyonline | accessdate=28 August 2014}}</ref> Sha'awar kiɗan ya sa ya yi aiki tare da ɗan wasan hiplife Castro de Destroyer . Ya fito a cikin ''Ayaba mai dadi'' na Castro yayin da Castro kuma ya fito a cikin ''Odo Bekumi'' na Face mai ban dariya. Face mai ban dariya kuma ta bayyana a cikin Castro da [[Asamoah Gyan]] 's ''Do The Dance'', da ''Odo Pa'' . <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/August-13th/funny-face-splits-with-manager.php | title=Funny face splits with manager | publisher=myjoyonline | accessdate=28 August 2014}}</ref> Ya kuma taimaka wa dan wasan kwallon kafa na kasar [[Togo]] Emmanuel Adebayor a taron sadaka da ya yi. Ya kuma jagoranci kamfen na Vodafone Ghana Red Campaign. == Rayuwar aure == Face mai ban dariya ya auri matarsa Madama Elizabeth Adjoa Ntim a cikin 2014 a wani biki na sirri wanda 'yan uwa da abokai kaɗan suka halarta. Bayan shekaru biyu, Face mai ban dariya ta tabbatar a shafukan sada zumunta cewa sun rabu. Bayan rabuwar mai cike da cece-kuce, Ntim ya yi magana game da wata alaƙar jima'i da ba ta cika ba yayin da Face mai ban dariya ta zarge ta da zamba a kansa. Face mai ban dariya yana da yara 3 tare da abokin aikinsa Vanessa, wanda ya hadu a cikin 2019 ta hanyar Papa Kumasi. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Face mai ban dariya yana da tagwaye wadanda ya sanyawa sunan mahaifiyarsa kuma abokin wasan kwallon kafa Emmanuel Adebayor. Sunayen tagwayen sune Ella da Bella. == Hotunan fina-finai == '''Jerin talabijan''' * Chorkor Trotro * ''Saniya Da Kaza'' == Manazarta == [[Category:Haifaffun 1981]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cffshr61hopsyg8lmzfel1h0b3rj9io 0 74408 826855 485640 2026-04-27T03:37:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Fumani N Shilubana in 2016 at the Saftas.jpg|thumb|Fumani Shilubana]] '''Fumani N Shilubana''' <ref>{{cite web | url=https://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/your-life-entertainment-your-life/entertainment-celebrities/1103703/nine-questions-with-fumani-shilubana/| title=Nine questions with Fumani Shilubana | date=6 May 2016 |publisher=citizen | access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 22 Maris 1980), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Afirka ta Kudu, [[Darakta|darekta]] kuma furodusa .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.contractors.org.za/index.php?view=ar_ma_40|title=contractors artists johannesburg|website=www.contractors.org.za | access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> An fi saninsa da rawar da ya taka a fitattun fina-finan ''[[Zama Zama]]'', ''[[My Father's War|Yakin Ubana]]'' da ''[[Kalushi|Kalushi: Labarin Solomon Mahlangu]]'' . Wanda ya kafa FatherFigureZA, Gidauniyar da ke neman hade mutum baya cikin rukunin dangi kuma tsohon Shugaban Midrand Heat Basketball Club. A ranar 6 ga Mayun 2022 tare da Hukumar Fina-Finai ta Yerhu sun ƙaddamar da jaridar Yerhu News ta Xitsonga News bulletin da ke kunna YouTube kowace Juma'a da ƙarfe 19:00.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXnYwFMU7W9N9pQmZuMNzLA | title=Yerhu News - YouTube | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haife shi a ranar 22 ga Maris 1980 a ƙaramin ƙauye Shiluvana, Tzaneen, Limpopo, Afirka ta Kudu. Mahaifinsa Clifford Shilubana babban shugaban makaranta ne a Makarantar Firamare ta Mlungisi kuma mahaifiyarsa Nsatimuni Mundhlovu wacce 'yar kasar Mozambique / Afirka ta Kudu ma'aikaciyar jinya ce a Asibitin Shiluvana . Yana da kanne mata biyu: Labani Mgimeti da Kumani Shilubana da kuma babban kanin Tebogo Maake.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/move/20190710/283631056582732| title=Actor Fumani N Shilubana |via=[[PressReader]] | access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Fumani shi ne uban alfahari kuma mai albarka mai ‘ya’ya uku, namiji daya da mata biyu Vulani Pontia, Nganakati-Nsuku da Fumani Nkateko Shilubana. Shilubana ya kammala karatunsa na digiri a shekarar 1998 a Kwalejin Mathews Phosa da ke Mpumalanga, sannan ya shiga Jami'ar Venda a shekarar 1999 don karanta Bachelor of Science (BSc) a fannin aikin gona wanda bai kammala ba sannan a shekarar 2000 ya shiga aikin injiniyan masana'antu a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane. Har ila yau, ya daina aiki a lokacin da yake son yin tallan tallace-tallace a Italiya, shi ma bai je bayan shiga shirin Magana da wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu a karkashin jagorancin marubucin Play kuma Darakta Mpumelelo Paul Grootboom .<ref>{{cite web | url=https://giyaniview.co.za/telenovela-actor-fumani-shilubana-back-on-our-screens-with-a-bang/| title=Telenovela actor Fumani Shilubana back on our screens with a bang! |publisher=giyaniview| access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theplumlist.com/meet-the-cast-of-new-xitsonga-series-mafanato/|title=Meet the cast of new Xitsonga series Mafanato|date=September 16, 2020|website=The Plum List|access-date=March 8, 2024|archive-date=October 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029013130/https://theplumlist.com/meet-the-cast-of-new-xitsonga-series-mafanato/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Fayil:Fumani N Shilubana in 2016.jpg|thumb|Fumani Shilubana]] Ya fara buga kwallon kwando yana dan shekara 15, ya koyi wasan ne bayan mahaifiyarsa ta saya masa littafin ka'idar kwallon kwando, yana dan shekara 19 ya halarci jarrabawar kwallon kwando a jami'ar Limpopo kuma aka zabe shi ya wakilci lardin Limpopo ga manyan kungiyar maza ta SASSU. wasanni a gasar shekara-shekara a [[Cape Town]] . == Sana'a == An san shi sosai saboda rawar da ya taka a matsayin furodusa kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin telenovela ''Giyani: Ƙasar Jini'' . A cikin jerin, ya taka rawar 'Vukosi Moyo'. Bayan kammala shirin, ya fito a cikin shirin ''Mafanato'' wanda ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://giyaniview.co.za/telenovela-actor-fumani-shilubana-back-on-our-screens-with-a-bang/| title=Telenovela actor Fumani Shilubana back on our screens with a bang! |publisher=giyaniview| access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theplumlist.com/meet-the-cast-of-new-xitsonga-series-mafanato/|title=Meet the cast of new Xitsonga series Mafanato|date=September 16, 2020|website=The Plum List|access-date=March 8, 2024|archive-date=October 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029013130/https://theplumlist.com/meet-the-cast-of-new-xitsonga-series-mafanato/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki a cikin shahararrun jerin talabijin: ''Soul City'', ''Generations'' da ''Isidingo'' . Gabaɗaya yana magana a cikin [[Harshen Tsonga|Xitsonga]] ta talabijin, wanda shine yarensa na asali. Ya buga mashahurin rawar 'Detective Dabula' akan sabulun SABC3 ''Isidingo'' . Shilubana ya fara fitowa a matsayin darakta tare da Khhomelela, fim ɗin da ya ƙirƙira kuma ya shirya shi. Wannan aikin yana cikin manufarsa na samun fina-finan Xitsonga a kan babban rafi. Ya tara R40 000 na fim din kuma ya dauki kashi 95% na fim din a [[Hlovani River Lodge]] da sauran a garin Nkowankowa . An nuna fim din ne a dakin taro na Nkowankowa. == Kyaututtuka da zaɓe == An zabi Shilubana a cikin 2005 don lambar yabo ta Naledi Theatre Awards don Mafi kyawun Matsayin Taimakawa akan Dangantakar "Labarun Gari".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.artlink.co.za/news_article.htm?contentID=1148|title=Artslink.co.za - Winners - Naledi Theatre Awards 2005|website=Artslink|access-date=2024-03-08|archive-date=2021-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031091528/https://artlink.co.za/news_article.htm?contentID=1148|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bikin da tauraro mai kayatarwa ya gudana a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Jami'ar Johannesburg a ranar Lahadi 19 ga Fabrairu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bsharpentertainment.africa/fumani-nkateko-shilubana-f-a-m-e-awards-nominee-2/|title=Fumani Nkateko Shilubana F.A.M.E Awards nominee|date=July 20, 2016}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Mataki == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara(s) ! scope="col" | Production ! scope="col" | Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ! scope="col" | Matsayi (s) |- ! scope="row" | 2001 | ''[[Talk Of the Town|Maganar Gari]]'' | Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu | Dan daba |- ! scope="row" | 2001 | ''[[Vukani Ma Africa|Vukani Ma Afrika]]'' | Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu | Mai ganowa |- ! scope="row" | 2003 | ''Julius Kaisar'' | Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu | Julius Kaisar<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Dan kasa<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Roman soja |- ! scope="row" | 2003 | ''Hamlet'' | Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu | Fatalwa<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Gravedigger<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Sarkin wasa |- ! scope="row" | 2003 | ''A Wannan Rayuwa'' | Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu | Gane Rocks<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Tarven bugu<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Lovemore |- ! scope="row" | 2005 | ''bugun zuciya'' | Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu | Wizard |- ! scope="row" | 2005/6 | ''[[Relativity “township stories”|Dangantakar "labarin birni"]]'' | Bikin Fasaha na Kasa, Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Jihar Afirka ta Kudu, Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kasuwa, Yawon shakatawa na [[Vienna]] | Duwatsu |- ! scope="row" | 2005/6 | ''Katuna'' | Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Jihar Afirka ta Kudu, Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kasuwa | Leo Chake |- ! scope="row" | 2007 | ''Katuna'' | Sand du Plessis Theatre, [[Windybrow Centre|Windybrow Center]] | Mubarak |- ! scope="row" | 2007 | ''Labarun Labarai'' | Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu, [[Beljik|Balaguron Beljiyam]] | Baban Madi |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | ''Julius Kaisar'' | [[Sibikwa Arts Centre|Sibikwa Arts Center]] | Cassius |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | ''[[Of Cats And Dogs|Na Cats Da Dogs]]'' | [[Windybrow Centre|Cibiyar Windybrow]] | Thabang |- ! scope="row" | 2009 | ''[[Interacial|Interactive]]'' | Bukin Fasaha na Kasa, Yawon shakatawa [[Poland|na Poland]] | Gert |- ! scope="row" | 2010 | ''Katuna'' | Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu | Mataimakin darakta |- ! scope="row" | 2009/10 | ''[[Welcome To Rocksburg|Barka da zuwa Rocksburg]]'' | Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Jihar Afirka ta Kudu, [[Holand|Netherlands]] da [[Birtaniya]] Tour, [[Jamus]] Tour | Mai ganowa |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | ''[[The Good Candidate|Dan Takarar Nagari]]'' | Cibiyar Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ta Artscape | Dan takara |- |} == Fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre !Ref. |- |2006 |''Hillside Season 1'' |Detective Nataniel |TV series | |- |2006 |''Soul City Season 7'' |Dumisani |TV series | |- |2006 |''Flashes From A Township Life'' |Madala |Short film | |- |2007 |''[[Death of a Queen]] Season 1'' |Tsaroga |TV series | |- |2008 |''Hillside Season 2'' |Detective Nataniel |TV series | |- |2009 |''Generations - Season 1'' |Dr Mokhethi |Soap Opera | |- |2010 |''Muvhango'' |Advocate Molale |Soap Opera | |- |2010 |''eKasi: Our Stories - Season 2'' |Emmanuel |TV movie | |- |2011 |''Ga Re Dumele - Season 2'' |Mayor |Sitcom | |- |2011-13 |''Isidingo'' |Detective Dabula |Soap Opera | |- |2012 |''Over My Dead Body'' |Svara Makoti |TV movie | |- |2012 |''Zama Zama'' |Babylon |Film | |- |2013 |''Mj Records'' |Producer |Sitcom | |- |2013 |''Naledi'' |Lebohang |TV Sereies | |- |2013 |''Regrets'' |Simon |TV movie | |- |2013 |''Skeem Saam 2'' |Ntsako |Soap Opera | |- |2013 |''High Rollers'' |Joe |TV series | |- |2013 |''Let Heaven Wait'' |Mountain |Sitcom | |- |2013 |''Mzansi Love'' |Chief |TV movie | |- |2014 |''Thola 1'' |Rudzani Makwarela |TV series | |- |2015 |''The Message'' |Nkosi |TV movie | |- |2015 |''Zabalaza (2013) - Season 3'' |Official |Telenovela | |- |2015 |''The Mayor'' |Lead Investor |TV series | |- |2016 |''The Last Face'' |Uncredited |Film | |- |2016 |''[[Kalushi|Kalushi: The Story of Solomon Mahlangu]]'' |Lucas Mahlangu |Film | |- |2016 |''My Father's War'' |Floyd |Film | |- |2016 |''Sokhulu & Partners'' |Ndumiso Mthunzi |TV series | |- |2016 |''Isibaya Season 3'' |Doctor |Telenovela | |- |2016 |''Sounds of Silence'' |Joe Mazo |Short film | |- |2016 |''The Last Tango'' |Kalala |Short film | |- |2016 |''One Hundred Lives'' |Constable Mamabolo |Short film | |- |2017 |''Thola 2'' |Rudzani Makwarela |TV series | |- |2017 |''Saints and Sinners'' |Zwelethu |TV series | |- |2017 |''Z'bondiwe - Season 3 (The Chase)'' |Vinnie |TV series | |- |2017 |''Bone of My Bones'' |Detective Maswanganyi |TV series | |- |2017 |''End of The Line'' |Samuel |Short film | |- |2018 |''Guilt'' |Ezekiel Mokgopa |TV series | |- |2018 |''Isithembiso Season 1'' |Mr Mboweni |Telenovela | |- |2019 |''Giyani: Land of Blood'' |Vukosi Moyo |Telenovela | |- |2019 |''Good Omens'' |Uncredited |TV series | |- |2020 |''[[Mafanato 1]]'' |Percy Hlungwane |TV series | |- |2020 |''Five Tiger'' |Melusi |Short film | |- |2021–Present |''Giyani: Land of Blood '' |Vukosi Moyo |Telenovela | |} == Aikin Fim == | == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] k3q7zfo1rojnsvke57mwpcps91u8nkh 0 76514 826821 406521 2026-04-26T21:41:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fatou Fanny-Cissé''' (an haife ta '''Fatoumata Touré-Cissé'''; 1971 - 22 Disamba 2018) marubuciya ce ta Ivory Coast, 'yar jarida, kuma malama. Malami a Jami'ar Félix Houphouët-Boigny, ta rubuta littattafai da yawa kamar Une femme, deux maris, Maeva da Madame la présidente . == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Fatou Fanny-Cissé Fatoumata Touré-Cissé a [[Ivory Coast|kasar Ivory Coast]] a shekarar 1971, <ref name="springer">{{Cite journal |last=Iloh |first=Ngozi Obiajulum |date=2021-06-01 |title=Une Étude critique de Madame la présidente de Fatou Fanny-Cissé |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11059-020-00573-8 |journal=Neohelicon |language=fr |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=403–414 |doi=10.1007/s11059-020-00573-8 |issn=1588-2810 |access-date=2024-03-24 |via=SpringerLink}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Iloh |first=Ngozi Obiajulum |last2=Benin |first2=University of |last3=Nigéria |date=2019 |title=Éco-féminisme dans Madame la présidente de Fatou Fanny-Cissé |url=https://periodicos.ufba.br/index.php/Antipodes/article/view/37497 |journal=AntipodeS - Études de langue française en terres non francophones |language=fr |volume=2 |issue=1 |issn=2596-1837 |access-date=2024-03-24 |archive-date=2024-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324171059/https://periodicos.ufba.br/index.php/Antipodes/article/view/37497 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="ca">{{Cite journal |last=Touré-Cissé |first=Fatoumata |date=2016 |title=Témoigner sur le drame rwandais à l‘aide de la fiction romanesque |url=https://ojs.library.dal.ca/dfs/article/view/8136 |journal=Dalhousie French Studies |language=fr |issue=109 |issn=2562-8704 |access-date=29 September 2022}}</ref> Ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Félix Houphouët-Boigny, inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin sadarwa sannan ta yi digiri na uku a haruffan zamani, kafin ya zama malami kuma mai bincike a jami'a daya. <ref name=":2" /> Ta kuma yi aiki da {{Interlanguage link|Nouvelles Éditions ivoiriennes|fr}} a matsayin ɗan jarida kuma ɗan jarida ne na mujallar ''Planète Jeunes'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fatou Fanny Cissé |url=https://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/CisseFatouFannyEng.html |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au}}</ref> <ref name="100p100">{{Cite web |last=Coulibaly |first=Irène |date=26 December 2018 |title=La littérature ivoirienne en deuil : l’écrivaine Fatou Fanny Cissé range à jamais sa plume |url=http://www.100pour100culture.com/litterature/litterature-ivoirienne-deuil-lecrivaine-fatou-fanny-cisse-range-a-jamais-plume/ |access-date=29 September 2022 |website=100pour100culture.com}}</ref> Ta fara rubutawa a cikin 2000, kuma ta rubuta littattafai fiye da dozin a lokacin aikinta, ciki har da ''Une femme, deux maris'', ''Maeva'' da ''Madame la présidente'' . <ref name="100p100"/> Ta buga litattafai, gajerun labarai, ayyukan jin dadi, har ma da adabin yara. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Séka |first=Apo Philomène |date=2020-03-31 |title=Fatou Fanny-Cissé, la féministe engagée au miroir de ses œuvres (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire) |url=https://www.fabula.org/actualites/93333/colloque-international.html |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Fabula |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ta lashe lambar yabo ta 2017 Adabin Afirka Award a cikin Rubutun Ƙirƙirar ''Madam la Présidente'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-27 |title=Book of the Year Award – Creative Writing - |url=https://africanlit.org/creative-writing-book-of-the-year-award/ |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=African Literature Association |language=en-US}}</ref> da 2018 Prix d'excellence {{Interlanguage link|Charles Bauza Donwahi|fr}} tare da ''Les nuages du passé et Maeva'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=3e Prix Charles Bauza Donwahi: Fatou Fanny-Cissé plane avec ‘’Les nuages du passé’’ et ‘’Maeva’’ |url=https://www.fratmat.info/article/82849/Culture/3e-prix-charles-bauza-donwahi-fatou-fanny-cisse-plane-avec-les-nuages-du-passe-et-maeva |access-date=16 July 2022 |website=fratmat.info |language=fr}}</ref> Ta kuma ci Prix du meilleur écrivain 2017 na Associationungiyar des Écrivains ivoiriens (AECI). <ref name=":1" /> Apo Philomène Séka ta lura cewa batutuwan mata babban jigon ayyukanta ne, kamar yadda aka nuna da sunayen ayyukan. <ref name=":1" /> Ngozi Obiajulum Iloh ta kwatanta ''Madame la présidente'' a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki, yana mai cewa "A cikin wannan labari mai rufaffiyar fantasy, yanayin sufanci yana haifar da mafita mai ban mamaki". <ref name=":2"/> Fanny-Cissé ta mutu a ranar 22 ga Disamba 2018 a [[Abidjan]] biyo bayan rashin lafiya. <ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/> Littafinta na baya-bayan nan, De mère en fille, an buga shi ne bayan mutuwarta a shekarar 2019. [1]<ref name=":1" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] 85wrqpay27xow5nga9pvjpj39mmp7i6 0 76818 826755 408169 2026-04-26T19:05:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Failuna Abdi Matanga''' (an haife ta 28 ga Oktoba 1992) ƴar tseren nisa ta ƙasar Tanzaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Failuna Abdi Matanga |url=https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/tanzania/failuna-abdi-matanga-316834 |access-date=11 August 2017 |publisher=IAAF}}</ref> Ta fafata a tseren mita 10,000 na mata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2017 a wasannin motsa jiki . <ref>{{Cite web |title=10,000 Metres Women |url=https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/iaaf-world-championships-london-2017-5151/results/women/10000-metres/final/startlist#resultheader |access-date=11 August 2017 |publisher=IAAF}}</ref> A cikin 2019, ta yi takara a cikin manyan tseren mata a gasar 2019 IAAF Cross Country Championship da aka gudanar a Aarhus, Denmark. <ref name="senior_women_race_iaaf_world_cross_country_2019">{{Cite web |title=Senior women's race |url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6265/AT-XSE-W-f----.RS6.pdf?v=21598225 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627195835/https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6265/AT-XSE-W-f----.RS6.pdf?v=21598225 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |access-date=27 June 2020 |website=2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships}}</ref> Ta kare a matsayi na 16. <ref name="senior_women_race_iaaf_world_cross_country_2019" /> A watan Yuni 2021, ta cancanci wakiltar Tanzaniya a Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Only three athletes to represent Tanzania at Tokyo Olympic games|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/sports/only-three-athletes-to-represent-tanzania-at-tokyo-olympic-games-3419354|access-date=2021-06-20|website=The Citizen|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nassoshi == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1992]] lw88duwzcdyve7x8r8wf03x66c65qmh 0 77284 826790 414531 2026-04-26T20:21:44Z Hassseno m 44013 Gyara 826790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Casandra Alexander''' (née '''Hall''', An haife ta a ranar 13 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1999) 'yar wasan golf ce ta Afirka ta Kudu da ke wasa a gasar Ladies European Tour . A shekarar 2020, ta lashe gasar a kungiyar Saudi Ladies Team International . <ref name="LETBio">{{Cite web |title=Casandra Alexander Player Profile |url=https://ladieseuropeantour.com/player-profiles/?player=911085 |access-date=23 May 2022 |publisher=Ladies European Tour}}</ref> Ta yi gasa a matsayin '''Casandra Hall''' har zuwa aurenta da Adrian Alexander, mai gina jiki, a cikin 2022.<ref name="LETBio"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexander geared for Jabra Ladies Classic homecoming |url=https://sunshineladiestour.golf/alexander-geared-for-jabra-ladies-classic-homecoming |access-date=23 May 2022 |publisher=Sunshine Ladies Tour}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Alexander ta fara buga wasan golf tana da shekaru 10 kuma babbar nasararta a matsayin mai son ita ce ta lashe gasar zakarun Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Casandra Hall Profile |url=https://www.golfrsa.com/player-profile/casandra-hall/ |access-date=23 May 2022 |publisher=Golf RSA}}</ref> Alexander ya zama ƙwararre a ƙarshen 2018 kuma ya shiga Sunshine Ladies Tour . A cikin 2020, ta lashe gasar Ladies Event a Investec Royal Swazi Open, kuma a cikin 2021, Joburg Ladies Open . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hall bags victory at Joburg Open |url=https://www.compleatgolfer.com/video/watch-halls-bags-victory-joburg-open/ |access-date=23 May 2022 |publisher=Compleat Golfer}}</ref> Ta kammala ta biyu a cikin Order of Merit na 2021, a bayan Lee-Anne Pace . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Player Profile Casandra Alexander |url=https://sunshineladiestour.golf/playerprofile/HAL013 |access-date=23 May 2022 |publisher=Sunshine Ladies Tour}}</ref> Alexander ya zama memba na Ladies European Tour a watan Janairun 2020, amma ya rasa mafi yawan kakar saboda annobar COVID-19, ba zai iya tafiya zuwa Turai ba. A watan Nuwamba, ta sami ci gaba tare da nasara a cikin Saudi Ladies Team International tare da Emily Kristine Pedersen da Michele Thomson . Ta yi nasara a cikin putt don rufe tsuntsu a rami na 54, ta tabbatar da nasarar tawagarta. A cikin 2021, ta buga wasanni 12 na LET kuma ta kammala ta 73 a cikin Order of Merit . A shekara ta 2022, ta shiga matsayi na 4 a [[South African Youth Congress|Investec South African]] Women's Open uku a bayan mai nasara, 'yar'uwarta Lee-Anne Pace . <ref name="LETBio"/> == Nasarar farko == * Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta Kudu ta 2018, Gasar Cin kofin Limpopo Tushen: <ref name="wagr">{{Cite web |title=Player Profile Cassandra Hell |url=https://www.wagr.com/playerprofile/cassandra-hall-20649 |access-date=23 May 2022 |publisher=WAGR}}</ref> == Nasara ta kwararru (5) == === Sunshine Ladies Tour ya ci nasara (5) === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;" !A'a. !Ranar !Gasar !Sakamakon cin nasara !Yankin cin nasara<br /> !Wanda ya zo na biyu !Ref |- | align="center" |1 |28 ga Oktoba 2020 |Investec Royal Swazi (Mata) |4 pts (13, -6, -2, -1) |Abubuwa 4 |[[Nicole Garcia (mai wasan golf)|Nicole Garcia]]{{Flagicon|ZAF}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Final Results 2020 Investec Royal Swazi (Ladies) |url=https://sunshineladiestour.golf/tournament?id=220S&code=RSLO |access-date=23 May 2022 |publisher=Sunshine Ladies Tour}}</ref> |- | align="center" |2 |30 Afrilu 2021 |Joburg Mata sun buɗe | +1 (72-72-73=217) |1 bugun jini |[[Lee-Anne Pace]]{{Flagicon|ZAF}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Final Results 2021 Joburg Ladies Open |url=https://sunshineladiestour.com/report/?tourn=L002&season=221S&report=https%3A%2F%2Flds.ocs-africa.com%2Ftic%2Ftmscores.cgi%3Ftourn%3DL002~season%3D221S~params%3DP%2A3ESC03~ |access-date=23 May 2022 |publisher=Sunshine Ladies Tour |archive-date=1 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501021140/https://sunshineladiestour.com/report/?tourn=L002&season=221S&report=https%3A%2F%2Flds.ocs-africa.com%2Ftic%2Ftmscores.cgi%3Ftourn%3DL002~season%3D221S~params%3DP%2A3ESC03~ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | align="center" |3 |3 ga Fabrairu 2023 |Ƙalubalen Mata na SuperSport |−9 (70-67-70=207) |6 bugun jini |[[Dorthea Forbrigd]]{{Flagicon|NOR}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Final Results 2023 SuperSport Ladies Challenge by Sun International |url=https://sunshineladiestour.golf/tournament?id=223S&code=L005 |access-date=7 February 2023 |publisher=Sunshine Ladies Tour}}</ref> |- | align="center" |4 |24 ga Fabrairu 2023 |Jabra Ladies Classic |−14 (66-70-66=202) |1 bugun jini |[[Mireia Prat]]{{Flagicon|ESP}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Final Results 2023 Jabra Ladies Classic |url=https://sunshineladiestour.golf/tournament?id=223S&code=L008 |access-date=24 February 2023 |publisher=Sunshine Ladies Tour}}</ref> |- | align="center" |5 |6 Afrilu 2024 |[[ABSA Ladies Invitational|ABSA Mata Gayyata]] |−12 (68-70-66=204) |bugun jini 4 |[[Harang Lee]]{{Flagicon|ESP}} | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] 3ininxtqhqbch02yjrrvawddbvs4uzn 0 78834 826982 714812 2026-04-27T10:49:31Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Rushewa da sake kafawa */ 826982 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masarautar Rano''' masarauta ce ta aji na biyu da ke cikin [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], Najeriya, a cikin kafa a 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bukar |first=Muhammad |date=2021-05-16 |title=Why we created new Emirates in Kano - Ganduje |url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/05/16/why-we-created-new-emirates-in-kano-ganduje/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-09 |title=Ganduje approves 4 new emirates in Kano |url=https://dailytrust.com/ganduje-approves-4-new-emirates-in-kano/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kano Assembly passes law to create four new emirates |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/366738-kano-assembly-passes-law-to-create-four-new-emirates.html |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana daya daga cikin tsoffin mazauni a Arewacin Najeriya, tun daga karni na 6 miladiyya. Masarautar Rano tana da arziƙin al'adu iri-iri, tare da abubuwan tarihin tarihi kamar duwatsu, bango, da fadoji. Masarautar Rano a tarihi ta kasance wani bangare ne na masarautar Kano, wacce kasa ce ta musulmi da ta fito daga jihadin Fulani a farkon karni na 19. Masarautar Rano ta yi dauloli uku masu mulki: Kwararrafawa, Habe, da Fulani<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-24 |title=Rano's perishing historical monuments |url=https://dailytrust.com/ranos-perishing-historical-monuments/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 19, 2019 |title=Tarihin garin Rano wanda yake tun shekaru 300 kafin zuwan Annabi Isa |url=https://matashiya.com/2019/05/19/tarihin-garin-rano-wanda-yake-tun-shekaru-300-kafin-zuwan-annabi-isa/ |website=Matashiya}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Masarautar Rano Archives |url=https://aminiya.ng/tag/masarautar-rano/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Aminiya |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rushewa da sake kafawa == A ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2024, Gwamnan Jihar Kano [[Abba Kabir Yusuf]] ya rushe Masarautar Rano tare da wasu masarautun da tsohon gwamnan [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]] ya kafa a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ikeh |first=Goddy |last2=Abuja (Nigeria) |first2=APA- |date=2024-05-23 |title=Breaking: Kano State Lawmakers abolish 5 Emirates, dethrone the Emirs |url=https://apanews.net/breaking-kano-state-lawmakers-abolish-5-emirates-dethrone-the-emirs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523235045/https://apanews.net/breaking-kano-state-lawmakers-abolish-5-emirates-dethrone-the-emirs/ |archive-date=2024-05-23 |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=APAnews - African Press Agency |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=News |date=May 23, 2024 |title=BREAKING: Kano Assembly Dethrones 5 Emirs, Dissolves Emirate Councils Amidst Speculation Of Sanusi’s Return |url=https://summitpostnews.com/breaking-kano-assembly-dethrones-5-emirs-dissolves-emirate-councils/ |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=Summit Post Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wannan matakin ya maido da tsarin gargajiya na jihar na masarautu daya, inda ya koma tsarin da take yi kafin shekarar 2019. An mayar da yankunan da ke karkashin Masarautar Rano zuwa cikin masarautar Kano, da nufin inganta ayyukan gudanar da mulki da ci gaban tarihi. A ranar ne aka nada Sanusi Lamido Sanusi II a matsayin Sarkin Kano, inda ya hada kan shugabanci da mulki a karkashin masarautu daya..<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Gwamna ya naɗa Sanusi a matsayin sabon Sarkin Kano |url=https://www.rfi.fr/ha/najeriya/20240523-gwamna-ya-na%C9%97a-sanusi-a-matsayin-sabon-sarkin-kano |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=RFI |language=ha}}</ref> Wannan yunkuri ya yi niyya don daidaita tsarin mulki na gargajiya a Jihar Kano.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Muhammadu Sanusi II: Yadda Sarkin Kano ya sake komawa kan mulki |url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/c999r48re28o |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=BBC News Hausa |language=ha}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2024, an sake kafa Masarautar [[Rano]] a matsayin masarauta aji na biyu a ƙarƙashin ikon [[Majalisar Masarautar Kano|Masarautar Kano]] . Rano ya kunshi yankunan karamar hukuma na Rano, [[Kibiya]] da [[Bunkure]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2024-07-17 |title=Gov Yusuf signs law establishing 3 second class emirates |url=https://thesun.ng/gov-yusuf-signs-law-establishing-3-second-class-emirates/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirs == * Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila Auta Baw (9 ga Mayu 2019 - Mayu 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Muntari |first=Tukur |date=2020-05-03 |title=Emir of Rano dies at 74 |url=https://punchng.com/emir-of-rano-dies-at-74/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Kabiru Muhammad Inuwa]] (Mayu 2020 - Mayu 2024) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ardo |first=Abdul |date=2024-05-23 |title=Sanusi's Second Coming: Gov Yusuf gives Kano emirs 48 hours to vacate palaces |url=https://gazettengr.com/sanusis-second-coming-gov-yusuf-gives-kano-emirs-48-hours-to-vacate-palaces/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Peoples Gazette Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> * Alhaji Muhammad Isa Umar (Yuli 2024 - yanzu) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking: Kano Gov Appoints New Emirs of Karaye, Rano, Reinstates Emir of Gaya – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/07/17/breaking-kano-gov-appoints-new-emirs-of-karaye-rano-reinstates-emir-of-gaya/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dvyk1exma7383epvns8ckcfrw24fl7c 826984 826982 2026-04-27T10:51:33Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Rushewa da sake kafawa */ 826984 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masarautar Rano''' masarauta ce ta aji na biyu da ke cikin [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], Najeriya, a cikin kafa a 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bukar |first=Muhammad |date=2021-05-16 |title=Why we created new Emirates in Kano - Ganduje |url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/05/16/why-we-created-new-emirates-in-kano-ganduje/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-09 |title=Ganduje approves 4 new emirates in Kano |url=https://dailytrust.com/ganduje-approves-4-new-emirates-in-kano/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kano Assembly passes law to create four new emirates |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/366738-kano-assembly-passes-law-to-create-four-new-emirates.html |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana daya daga cikin tsoffin mazauni a Arewacin Najeriya, tun daga karni na 6 miladiyya. Masarautar Rano tana da arziƙin al'adu iri-iri, tare da abubuwan tarihin tarihi kamar duwatsu, bango, da fadoji. Masarautar Rano a tarihi ta kasance wani bangare ne na masarautar Kano, wacce kasa ce ta musulmi da ta fito daga jihadin Fulani a farkon karni na 19. Masarautar Rano ta yi dauloli uku masu mulki: Kwararrafawa, Habe, da Fulani<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-24 |title=Rano's perishing historical monuments |url=https://dailytrust.com/ranos-perishing-historical-monuments/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 19, 2019 |title=Tarihin garin Rano wanda yake tun shekaru 300 kafin zuwan Annabi Isa |url=https://matashiya.com/2019/05/19/tarihin-garin-rano-wanda-yake-tun-shekaru-300-kafin-zuwan-annabi-isa/ |website=Matashiya}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Masarautar Rano Archives |url=https://aminiya.ng/tag/masarautar-rano/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Aminiya |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rushewa da sake kafawa == A ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2024, Gwamnan Jihar Kano [[Abba Kabir Yusuf]] ya rushe Masarautar Rano tare da wasu masarautun da tsohon gwamnan [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]] ya kafa a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ikeh |first=Goddy |last2=Abuja (Nigeria) |first2=APA- |date=2024-05-23 |title=Breaking: Kano State Lawmakers abolish 5 Emirates, dethrone the Emirs |url=https://apanews.net/breaking-kano-state-lawmakers-abolish-5-emirates-dethrone-the-emirs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523235045/https://apanews.net/breaking-kano-state-lawmakers-abolish-5-emirates-dethrone-the-emirs/ |archive-date=2024-05-23 |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=APAnews - African Press Agency |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=News |date=May 23, 2024 |title=BREAKING: Kano Assembly Dethrones 5 Emirs, Dissolves Emirate Councils Amidst Speculation Of Sanusi’s Return |url=https://summitpostnews.com/breaking-kano-assembly-dethrones-5-emirs-dissolves-emirate-councils/ |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=Summit Post Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wannan matakin ya maido da tsarin gargajiya na jihar na masarautu daya, inda ya koma tsarin da take yi kafin shekarar 2019. An mayar da yankunan da ke karkashin Masarautar Rano zuwa cikin masarautar Kano, da nufin inganta ayyukan gudanar da mulki da ci gaban tarihi. A ranar ne aka nada Sanusi Lamido Sanusi II a matsayin Sarkin Kano, inda ya hada kan shugabanci da mulki a karkashin masarautu daya..<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Gwamna ya naɗa Sanusi a matsayin sabon Sarkin Kano |url=https://www.rfi.fr/ha/najeriya/20240523-gwamna-ya-na%C9%97a-sanusi-a-matsayin-sabon-sarkin-kano |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=RFI |language=ha}}</ref> Wannan yunkuri ya yi niyya don daidaita tsarin mulki na gargajiya a Jihar Kano.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Muhammadu Sanusi II: Yadda Sarkin Kano ya sake komawa kan mulki |url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/c999r48re28o |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=BBC News Hausa |language=ha}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2024, an sake kafa Masarautar [[Rano]] a matsayin masarauta aji na biyu a ƙarƙashin ikon [[Majalisar Masarautar Kano|Masarautar Kano]] . Rano ta kunshi yankunan karamar hukuma na Rano, [[Kibiya]] da [[Bunkure]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2024-07-17 |title=Gov Yusuf signs law establishing 3 second class emirates |url=https://thesun.ng/gov-yusuf-signs-law-establishing-3-second-class-emirates/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirs == * Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila Auta Baw (9 ga Mayu 2019 - Mayu 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Muntari |first=Tukur |date=2020-05-03 |title=Emir of Rano dies at 74 |url=https://punchng.com/emir-of-rano-dies-at-74/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Kabiru Muhammad Inuwa]] (Mayu 2020 - Mayu 2024) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ardo |first=Abdul |date=2024-05-23 |title=Sanusi's Second Coming: Gov Yusuf gives Kano emirs 48 hours to vacate palaces |url=https://gazettengr.com/sanusis-second-coming-gov-yusuf-gives-kano-emirs-48-hours-to-vacate-palaces/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Peoples Gazette Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> * Alhaji Muhammad Isa Umar (Yuli 2024 - yanzu) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking: Kano Gov Appoints New Emirs of Karaye, Rano, Reinstates Emir of Gaya – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/07/17/breaking-kano-gov-appoints-new-emirs-of-karaye-rano-reinstates-emir-of-gaya/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5ytrg2o00k5prpqlqk67ojyymno8vws 826987 826984 2026-04-27T10:53:20Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Rushewa da sake kafawa */ 826987 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masarautar Rano''' masarauta ce ta aji na biyu da ke cikin [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], Najeriya, a cikin kafa a 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bukar |first=Muhammad |date=2021-05-16 |title=Why we created new Emirates in Kano - Ganduje |url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/05/16/why-we-created-new-emirates-in-kano-ganduje/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-09 |title=Ganduje approves 4 new emirates in Kano |url=https://dailytrust.com/ganduje-approves-4-new-emirates-in-kano/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kano Assembly passes law to create four new emirates |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/366738-kano-assembly-passes-law-to-create-four-new-emirates.html |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana daya daga cikin tsoffin mazauni a Arewacin Najeriya, tun daga karni na 6 miladiyya. Masarautar Rano tana da arziƙin al'adu iri-iri, tare da abubuwan tarihin tarihi kamar duwatsu, bango, da fadoji. Masarautar Rano a tarihi ta kasance wani bangare ne na masarautar Kano, wacce kasa ce ta musulmi da ta fito daga jihadin Fulani a farkon karni na 19. Masarautar Rano ta yi dauloli uku masu mulki: Kwararrafawa, Habe, da Fulani<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-24 |title=Rano's perishing historical monuments |url=https://dailytrust.com/ranos-perishing-historical-monuments/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 19, 2019 |title=Tarihin garin Rano wanda yake tun shekaru 300 kafin zuwan Annabi Isa |url=https://matashiya.com/2019/05/19/tarihin-garin-rano-wanda-yake-tun-shekaru-300-kafin-zuwan-annabi-isa/ |website=Matashiya}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Masarautar Rano Archives |url=https://aminiya.ng/tag/masarautar-rano/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Aminiya |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rushewa da sake kafawa == A ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2024, Gwamnan Jihar Kano [[Abba Kabir Yusuf]] ya rushe Masarautar Rano tare da wasu masarautun da tsohon gwamnan [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]] ya kafa a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ikeh |first=Goddy |last2=Abuja (Nigeria) |first2=APA- |date=2024-05-23 |title=Breaking: Kano State Lawmakers abolish 5 Emirates, dethrone the Emirs |url=https://apanews.net/breaking-kano-state-lawmakers-abolish-5-emirates-dethrone-the-emirs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523235045/https://apanews.net/breaking-kano-state-lawmakers-abolish-5-emirates-dethrone-the-emirs/ |archive-date=2024-05-23 |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=APAnews - African Press Agency |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=News |date=May 23, 2024 |title=BREAKING: Kano Assembly Dethrones 5 Emirs, Dissolves Emirate Councils Amidst Speculation Of Sanusi’s Return |url=https://summitpostnews.com/breaking-kano-assembly-dethrones-5-emirs-dissolves-emirate-councils/ |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=Summit Post Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wannan matakin ya maido da tsarin gargajiya na jihar na masarautu daya, inda ya koma tsarin da take yi kafin shekarar 2019. An mayar da yankunan da ke karkashin Masarautar Rano zuwa cikin masarautar Kano, da nufin inganta ayyukan gudanar da mulki da ci gaban tarihi. A ranar ne aka nada Sanusi Lamido Sanusi II a matsayin Sarkin Kano, inda ya hada kan shugabanci da mulki a karkashin masarautu daya..<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Gwamna ya naɗa Sanusi a matsayin sabon Sarkin Kano |url=https://www.rfi.fr/ha/najeriya/20240523-gwamna-ya-na%C9%97a-sanusi-a-matsayin-sabon-sarkin-kano |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=RFI |language=ha}}</ref> Wannan yunkuri ya yi niyya don daidaita tsarin mulki na gargajiya a Jihar Kano.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Muhammadu Sanusi II: Yadda Sarkin Kano ya sake komawa kan mulki |url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/c999r48re28o |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=BBC News Hausa |language=ha}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2024, an sake kafa Masarautar [[Rano]] a matsayin masarauta aji na biyu a ƙarƙashin ikon [[Majalisar Masarautar Kano|Masarautar Kano]] . Rano ta kunshi yankunan karamar hukumar na Rano, [[Kibiya]] da [[Bunkure]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2024-07-17 |title=Gov Yusuf signs law establishing 3 second class emirates |url=https://thesun.ng/gov-yusuf-signs-law-establishing-3-second-class-emirates/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirs == * Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila Auta Baw (9 ga Mayu 2019 - Mayu 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Muntari |first=Tukur |date=2020-05-03 |title=Emir of Rano dies at 74 |url=https://punchng.com/emir-of-rano-dies-at-74/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Kabiru Muhammad Inuwa]] (Mayu 2020 - Mayu 2024) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ardo |first=Abdul |date=2024-05-23 |title=Sanusi's Second Coming: Gov Yusuf gives Kano emirs 48 hours to vacate palaces |url=https://gazettengr.com/sanusis-second-coming-gov-yusuf-gives-kano-emirs-48-hours-to-vacate-palaces/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Peoples Gazette Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> * Alhaji Muhammad Isa Umar (Yuli 2024 - yanzu) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking: Kano Gov Appoints New Emirs of Karaye, Rano, Reinstates Emir of Gaya – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/07/17/breaking-kano-gov-appoints-new-emirs-of-karaye-rano-reinstates-emir-of-gaya/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6o44gapvb63ntqor2hez144w72lw1za 826990 826987 2026-04-27T10:54:24Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Rushewa da sake kafawa */ 826990 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masarautar Rano''' masarauta ce ta aji na biyu da ke cikin [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], Najeriya, a cikin kafa a 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bukar |first=Muhammad |date=2021-05-16 |title=Why we created new Emirates in Kano - Ganduje |url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/05/16/why-we-created-new-emirates-in-kano-ganduje/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-09 |title=Ganduje approves 4 new emirates in Kano |url=https://dailytrust.com/ganduje-approves-4-new-emirates-in-kano/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kano Assembly passes law to create four new emirates |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/366738-kano-assembly-passes-law-to-create-four-new-emirates.html |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana daya daga cikin tsoffin mazauni a Arewacin Najeriya, tun daga karni na 6 miladiyya. Masarautar Rano tana da arziƙin al'adu iri-iri, tare da abubuwan tarihin tarihi kamar duwatsu, bango, da fadoji. Masarautar Rano a tarihi ta kasance wani bangare ne na masarautar Kano, wacce kasa ce ta musulmi da ta fito daga jihadin Fulani a farkon karni na 19. Masarautar Rano ta yi dauloli uku masu mulki: Kwararrafawa, Habe, da Fulani<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-24 |title=Rano's perishing historical monuments |url=https://dailytrust.com/ranos-perishing-historical-monuments/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 19, 2019 |title=Tarihin garin Rano wanda yake tun shekaru 300 kafin zuwan Annabi Isa |url=https://matashiya.com/2019/05/19/tarihin-garin-rano-wanda-yake-tun-shekaru-300-kafin-zuwan-annabi-isa/ |website=Matashiya}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Masarautar Rano Archives |url=https://aminiya.ng/tag/masarautar-rano/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Aminiya |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rushewa da sake kafawa == A ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2024, Gwamnan Jihar Kano [[Abba Kabir Yusuf]] ya rushe Masarautar Rano tare da wasu masarautun da tsohon gwamnan [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]] ya kafa a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ikeh |first=Goddy |last2=Abuja (Nigeria) |first2=APA- |date=2024-05-23 |title=Breaking: Kano State Lawmakers abolish 5 Emirates, dethrone the Emirs |url=https://apanews.net/breaking-kano-state-lawmakers-abolish-5-emirates-dethrone-the-emirs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523235045/https://apanews.net/breaking-kano-state-lawmakers-abolish-5-emirates-dethrone-the-emirs/ |archive-date=2024-05-23 |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=APAnews - African Press Agency |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=News |date=May 23, 2024 |title=BREAKING: Kano Assembly Dethrones 5 Emirs, Dissolves Emirate Councils Amidst Speculation Of Sanusi’s Return |url=https://summitpostnews.com/breaking-kano-assembly-dethrones-5-emirs-dissolves-emirate-councils/ |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=Summit Post Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wannan matakin ya maido da tsarin gargajiya na jihar na masarautu daya, inda ya koma tsarin da take yi kafin shekarar 2019. An mayar da yankunan da ke karkashin Masarautar Rano zuwa cikin masarautar Kano, da nufin inganta ayyukan gudanar da mulki da ci gaban tarihi. A ranar ne aka nada Sanusi Lamido Sanusi II a matsayin Sarkin Kano, inda ya hada kan shugabanci da mulki a karkashin masarautu daya..<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Gwamna ya naɗa Sanusi a matsayin sabon Sarkin Kano |url=https://www.rfi.fr/ha/najeriya/20240523-gwamna-ya-na%C9%97a-sanusi-a-matsayin-sabon-sarkin-kano |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=RFI |language=ha}}</ref> Wannan yunkuri ya yi niyya don daidaita tsarin mulki na gargajiya a Jihar Kano.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Muhammadu Sanusi II: Yadda Sarkin Kano ya sake komawa kan mulki |url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/c999r48re28o |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=BBC News Hausa |language=ha}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2024, an sake kafa Masarautar [[Rano]] a matsayin masarauta aji na biyu a ƙarƙashin ikon [[Majalisar Masarautar Kano|Masarautar Kano]] . Rano ta kunshi yankunan karamar hukuma na Rano, [[Kibiya]] da [[Bunkure]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2024-07-17 |title=Gov Yusuf signs law establishing 3 second class emirates |url=https://thesun.ng/gov-yusuf-signs-law-establishing-3-second-class-emirates/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirs == * Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila Auta Baw (9 ga Mayu 2019 - Mayu 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Muntari |first=Tukur |date=2020-05-03 |title=Emir of Rano dies at 74 |url=https://punchng.com/emir-of-rano-dies-at-74/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Kabiru Muhammad Inuwa]] (Mayu 2020 - Mayu 2024) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ardo |first=Abdul |date=2024-05-23 |title=Sanusi's Second Coming: Gov Yusuf gives Kano emirs 48 hours to vacate palaces |url=https://gazettengr.com/sanusis-second-coming-gov-yusuf-gives-kano-emirs-48-hours-to-vacate-palaces/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Peoples Gazette Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> * Alhaji Muhammad Isa Umar (Yuli 2024 - yanzu) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking: Kano Gov Appoints New Emirs of Karaye, Rano, Reinstates Emir of Gaya – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/07/17/breaking-kano-gov-appoints-new-emirs-of-karaye-rano-reinstates-emir-of-gaya/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5ytrg2o00k5prpqlqk67ojyymno8vws 826992 826990 2026-04-27T10:59:42Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Emirs */ 826992 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masarautar Rano''' masarauta ce ta aji na biyu da ke cikin [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], Najeriya, a cikin kafa a 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bukar |first=Muhammad |date=2021-05-16 |title=Why we created new Emirates in Kano - Ganduje |url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/05/16/why-we-created-new-emirates-in-kano-ganduje/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-09 |title=Ganduje approves 4 new emirates in Kano |url=https://dailytrust.com/ganduje-approves-4-new-emirates-in-kano/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kano Assembly passes law to create four new emirates |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/366738-kano-assembly-passes-law-to-create-four-new-emirates.html |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana daya daga cikin tsoffin mazauni a Arewacin Najeriya, tun daga karni na 6 miladiyya. Masarautar Rano tana da arziƙin al'adu iri-iri, tare da abubuwan tarihin tarihi kamar duwatsu, bango, da fadoji. Masarautar Rano a tarihi ta kasance wani bangare ne na masarautar Kano, wacce kasa ce ta musulmi da ta fito daga jihadin Fulani a farkon karni na 19. Masarautar Rano ta yi dauloli uku masu mulki: Kwararrafawa, Habe, da Fulani<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-24 |title=Rano's perishing historical monuments |url=https://dailytrust.com/ranos-perishing-historical-monuments/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 19, 2019 |title=Tarihin garin Rano wanda yake tun shekaru 300 kafin zuwan Annabi Isa |url=https://matashiya.com/2019/05/19/tarihin-garin-rano-wanda-yake-tun-shekaru-300-kafin-zuwan-annabi-isa/ |website=Matashiya}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Masarautar Rano Archives |url=https://aminiya.ng/tag/masarautar-rano/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Aminiya |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rushewa da sake kafawa == A ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2024, Gwamnan Jihar Kano [[Abba Kabir Yusuf]] ya rushe Masarautar Rano tare da wasu masarautun da tsohon gwamnan [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]] ya kafa a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ikeh |first=Goddy |last2=Abuja (Nigeria) |first2=APA- |date=2024-05-23 |title=Breaking: Kano State Lawmakers abolish 5 Emirates, dethrone the Emirs |url=https://apanews.net/breaking-kano-state-lawmakers-abolish-5-emirates-dethrone-the-emirs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523235045/https://apanews.net/breaking-kano-state-lawmakers-abolish-5-emirates-dethrone-the-emirs/ |archive-date=2024-05-23 |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=APAnews - African Press Agency |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=News |date=May 23, 2024 |title=BREAKING: Kano Assembly Dethrones 5 Emirs, Dissolves Emirate Councils Amidst Speculation Of Sanusi’s Return |url=https://summitpostnews.com/breaking-kano-assembly-dethrones-5-emirs-dissolves-emirate-councils/ |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=Summit Post Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wannan matakin ya maido da tsarin gargajiya na jihar na masarautu daya, inda ya koma tsarin da take yi kafin shekarar 2019. An mayar da yankunan da ke karkashin Masarautar Rano zuwa cikin masarautar Kano, da nufin inganta ayyukan gudanar da mulki da ci gaban tarihi. A ranar ne aka nada Sanusi Lamido Sanusi II a matsayin Sarkin Kano, inda ya hada kan shugabanci da mulki a karkashin masarautu daya..<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Gwamna ya naɗa Sanusi a matsayin sabon Sarkin Kano |url=https://www.rfi.fr/ha/najeriya/20240523-gwamna-ya-na%C9%97a-sanusi-a-matsayin-sabon-sarkin-kano |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=RFI |language=ha}}</ref> Wannan yunkuri ya yi niyya don daidaita tsarin mulki na gargajiya a Jihar Kano.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Muhammadu Sanusi II: Yadda Sarkin Kano ya sake komawa kan mulki |url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/c999r48re28o |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=BBC News Hausa |language=ha}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2024, an sake kafa Masarautar [[Rano]] a matsayin masarauta aji na biyu a ƙarƙashin ikon [[Majalisar Masarautar Kano|Masarautar Kano]] . Rano ta kunshi yankunan karamar hukuma na Rano, [[Kibiya]] da [[Bunkure]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2024-07-17 |title=Gov Yusuf signs law establishing 3 second class emirates |url=https://thesun.ng/gov-yusuf-signs-law-establishing-3-second-class-emirates/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirs == * Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila Autan Bawo (9 ga Mayu 2019 - Mayu 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Muntari |first=Tukur |date=2020-05-03 |title=Emir of Rano dies at 74 |url=https://punchng.com/emir-of-rano-dies-at-74/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Kabiru Muhammad Inuwa]] (Mayu 2020 - Mayu 2024) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ardo |first=Abdul |date=2024-05-23 |title=Sanusi's Second Coming: Gov Yusuf gives Kano emirs 48 hours to vacate palaces |url=https://gazettengr.com/sanusis-second-coming-gov-yusuf-gives-kano-emirs-48-hours-to-vacate-palaces/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Peoples Gazette Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> * Alhaji Muhammad Isa Umar (Yuli 2024 - yanzu) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking: Kano Gov Appoints New Emirs of Karaye, Rano, Reinstates Emir of Gaya – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/07/17/breaking-kano-gov-appoints-new-emirs-of-karaye-rano-reinstates-emir-of-gaya/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8m1ve0tg41skbiq1fgj8jjowf2ec7ig 0 80662 826747 826576 2026-04-26T19:02:23Z Mahuta 11340 826747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eliana Rubashkyn''' (an Haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Yuni 1988) ƴar ƙasar [[New Zealand]] likitar harhaɗa magunguna ce kuma masaniya a fannin ilmin sinadarai,<ref name="Millane">{{Cite web |date=2019-11-14 |title='I'm sorry': Moment murder accused admitted Grace was dead |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/national/im-sorry-moment-murder-accused-admitted-grace-was-dead |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Otago Daily Times Online News |language=en}}</ref> sananniya ce da kasancewa mace ta farko da aka ba wa namiji lokacin haihuwa da aka amince da shi a matsayin [[mace]] mai tsarin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] a ƙarƙashin dokar 'yan gudun hijira ta duniya. An haife ta a Kolombiya, Rubashkyn ba ta da ƙasa a da.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McGee |first=Thomas |date=2020 |title=Rainbow statelessness - between sexual citizenship and legal theory: Exploring the statelessness-LGBTIQ+ nexus. |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/agispt.20221018075985 |journal=Statelessness & Citizenship Review |volume=2(1) |issue=2 |pages=64–85 |via=[[Informit (database)|Informit]]}}</ref> a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin jami'in shirye-shirye a duniya ta ILGA,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ælien Rubashkyn - ILGA World |url=https://ilga.org/%C3%86lien-Rubashkyn |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907100944/https://ilga.org/%C3%86lien-Rubashkyn |archive-date=7 September 2021 |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref> kuma a matsayin masaniya a fannin kimiyyar rage cutar da ke haɓaka yakin neman hakkin ɗan adam na tallafi ga masu neman mafaka na LGBTI, 'yan gudun hijira da masu shiga tsakani a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ITANZ - Intersex Awareness New Zealand 2019 - Board Members |url=http://www.ianz.org.nz/about-itanz/board/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |archive-date=2019-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911065353/http://www.ianz.org.nz/about-itanz/board/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An amince [[Jinsi|da jinsin]] Rubashkyn a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] ta 1951 dangane da Matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Campaign 2014 |title=Hong Kong recognized Trans woman without Sex reassignment Surgery |url=http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/hong-kong-government-recognizes-transgender-woman-without-gender-reassignme |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006154905/http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/hong-kong-government-recognizes-transgender-woman-without-gender-reassignme |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> Shari'ar Rubashkyn ya ja hankalin kafafen yaɗa labarai na ƙasa da ƙasa da lauyoyi bayan cin zarafin da aka yi mata biyo bayan tsare ta a filin jirgin sama na Hong Kong saboda rashin jituwa tsakanin [[Asalin jinsi|jinsinta]] da hoton fasfo ɗinta, wanda ya haifar da shekaru da dama na rashin ƙasa a Hong Kong.  da kuma ƙasƙantar da ɗan adam zuwa cibiyoyin mafaka da yawa a cikin Yuen Long.<ref name="Misunderstood and Stateless">{{Cite web |date=5 September 2014 |title=Misunderstood and stateless in Hong Kong: A transgender woman's nightmare |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/05/world/transgender-asylum-hong-kong/ |access-date=5 September 2014 |publisher=CNN International}}</ref><ref name="UNHCR">{{Cite web |title=Transgender Refugee goes through hell in Hong Kong |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refdaily?pass=463ef21123&id=533cf1698 |access-date=20 March 2014 |publisher=UNHCR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2014 |title=Hong Kong is 'hell' Transgender postgrad student-turned-refugee struggles to be recognised as a woman |url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/hong-kong-hell-transgender-postgrad-student-turned-refugee-struggles-be-recognised-woman0504 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006110553/http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/hong-kong-hell-transgender-postgrad-student-turned-refugee-struggles-be-recognised-woman0504 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=20 May 2014 |publisher=gaystarnews.com}}</ref> Rubashkyn ta koma ƙasar New Zealand a matsayin 'yar gudun hijira a cikin shekarar 2014, kuma an ba ta shaida ta ƙasar New Zealand a cikin shekarar 2018.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Transgender refugee says NZ paradise |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/transgender-refugee-says-nz-paradise/FOX7DUD3XTF4K6OWN72OH2FWPE/ |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2023, an tuhumi Rubashkyn da laifuffuka biyu na kai hari kan jefa ruwan [[tumatir]] a kan masu fafutuka Kellie-Jay Keen-Minshull da Tania Suzanne Sturt a wata zanga-zangar adawa da ziyarar Keen-Minshull.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=Posie Parker assault case: Tomato juice protester Eliana Golberstein pleads guilty |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/posie-parker-assault-case-tomato-juice-protester-eli-rubashkyn-pleads-guilty/J4XEWQPOJZF4XP654KYDSJTX2Q/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Rubashkyn a [[Kolombiya|Colombia]] ga mahaifiyar Bayahudiya 'yar ƙasar Yukren wacce ta koma can a shekarun 1970s. An haife ta tare da yanayin jima'i na rashin jin daɗi na androgen kuma an sanya shi namiji a lokacin haihuwa.<ref name="3news">{{Cite web |date=26 July 2015 |title=Gender refugee hopes for NZ citizenship |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/tvshows/3d/gender-refugee-hopes-for-nz-citizenship-2015072616 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225151833/http://www.3news.co.nz/tvshows/3d/gender-refugee-hopes-for-nz-citizenship-2015072616 |archive-date=25 December 2015 |access-date=23 December 2015 |publisher=3 Degrees - TV3 New Zealand}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vesga |first=Alejandro |date=11 July 2015 |title=El purgatorio de una transgénero víctima de un pasaporte con sexo masculino |url=http://www.kienyke.com/historias/el-purgatorio-de-una-transgenero-victima-de-un-pasaporte-con-sexo-masculino/}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2011, Rubashkyn ta sami digirinta a fannin harhaɗa magunguna da [[Kimiyya|sinadarai]] a Jami'ar ƙasa ta Colombia, kuma tana magana da harsuna biyar sosai.<ref name=":3"/> Bayan ta yi karatun ilmin halitta a Jami'ar Granada, an ba ta guraben karatu don haɓaka karatun digiri na biyu a fannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a a Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta [[Taipei]], kuma a lokaci guda ta fara canjin yanayi da tabbatar da jinsi a [[Taiwan]]. Rubashkyn ta gano cewa caka mata wuka a Colombia ne ya sa ta yanke shawarar neman ilimi a wasu wurare. === Rashin kasa === A cikin shekara guda da fara maganin maye gurbin hormone, yanayin jikin Rubashkyn ya canza sosai saboda yanayin jima'i, kuma hukumomin shige da fice na Taiwan sun buƙaci ta sabunta fasfo ɗinta a ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin Colombia kafin ta fara shekara ta biyu na karatun masters. Ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Hong Kong]] don yin hakan, amma lokacin da ta isa cibiyar shige da fice ta filin jirgin sama na Hong Kong, an tsare ta sama da watanni takwas a tsare da kuma cibiyoyin ‘yan gudun hijira da dama saboda rashin sanin yanayin shari’arta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2014 |title=The Colombian transgender woman stranded in Hong Kong |url=http://www.semana.com/gente/articulo/la-transgenero-colombiana-atrapada-en-hong-kong/381292-3 |access-date=22 March 2014 |publisher=Revista Semana}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Transgender refugee goes through hell in Hong Kong to be recognised as woman |url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1457021/transgender-refugee-goes-through-hell-hong-kong-be-recognised-woman |access-date=3 March 2014 |website=South China Morning Post}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2020-02-28 |title=Making New Zealand Home: Eliana Rubashkyn |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/afternoons/audio/2018736234/making-new-zealand-home-eliana-rubashkyn |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=RNZ |language=en-nz}}</ref> Rubashkyn ta sha fama da cin zarafi da cin zarafi da musgunawa akai-akai a wurare da dama da take rayuwa a ciki. An tsare ta a wani sashin kula da taɓin hankali na Asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth da ke Kowloon, sakamakon wani yunkurin kashe kanta, bayan an yi mata wulakanci da lalata da ita.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2015 |title=10 Harrowing Tales of Stateless People - 2 Eliana Rubashkyn |url=https://listverse.com/2015/08/07/10-harrowing-tales-of-stateless-people/ |access-date=14 October 2017 |publisher=Listverse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2014 |title=Misunderstood and stateless in Hong Kong: A transgender woman's nightmare |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/05/world/transgender-asylum-hong-kong/ |access-date=5 September 2014 |publisher=CNN International}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Live Interview (In Spanish) on CNN after being released from her reclusion in Hong Kong and China |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkEsMq5xKfA/ |access-date=5 September 2014 |publisher=CNN International}}</ref> Ta kasa neman mafaka don a ba ta kariya a matsayinta na 'yar gudun hijira a Hong Kong saboda gwamnati ba ta amince da yarjejeniyar 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ba, ta fuskanci kora, kuma ta fuskanci mugun hali a wurin da ake tsare da filin jirgin sama.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2015 |title=10 Harrowing Tales of Stateless People - 2 Eliana Rubashkyn |url=https://listverse.com/2015/08/07/10-harrowing-tales-of-stateless-people/ |access-date=14 October 2017 |publisher=Listverse}}</ref> Rubashkyn ta ƙi tuntuɓar ofishin jakadancinta na gida don hana fitar da ita saboda rashin taimakon diflomasiyya da suka bayar, kuma ta zama ''marar'' ƙasa a ranar 30 ga watan Oktoba 2012. Matsayin Rubashkyn a matsayin 'yar gudun hijira ya iyakance hulɗar iya yi da hukumomi daga gwamnatocin Colombia.<ref name=":4"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Stuck in limbo the tragic story of the transgender refugee Eliana Rubashkyn |url=http://www.timeout.com.hk/gay-lesbian/features/65764/stuck-in-limbo-the-tragic-story-of-transgender-refugee-eliana-rubashkyn.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006162731/http://www.timeout.com.hk/gay-lesbian/features/65764/stuck-in-limbo-the-tragic-story-of-transgender-refugee-eliana-rubashkyn.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 March 2014 |publisher=Time Out Hong Kong}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2010 |title=UNHCR and De Facto Statelessness |url=http://www.unhcr.org/4bc2ddeb9.pdf |access-date=28 November 2017 |publisher=Hugh Massey, Senior Legal Adviser, UNHCR Geneva}}</ref> Tare da taimakon [[Amnesty International]] da hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNHCR), an ba ta matsayin [[Ƴan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]];  duk da haka, saboda Hong Kong ba ta sanya hannu kan taron ƴan gudun hijira na 1951 ba, ba ta amince da ita a matsayin 'yar gudun hijira ba kuma ta nemi a tura ta zuwa Colombia. Lamarin nata ya ja hankalin duniya, musamman a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da Kolombiya, inda ake yawan cin zarafi tsakanin maza da mata da maza da mata. An kuma lura da shari'arta a [[New Zealand]], ƙasar da aka sani da matsayinta game da daidaito ga mutanen LGBTI.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cơn ác mộng của người chuyển giới ở Hong Kong |url=http://hotnews247.vn/v688/Con-ac-mong-cua-nguoi-chuyen-gioi-o-Hong-Kong.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101242/http://hotnews247.vn/v688/Con-ac-mong-cua-nguoi-chuyen-gioi-o-Hong-Kong.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=20 May 2014 |publisher=Hot News Vietnam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2014 |title=Transgender refugee stranded in Hong Kong describes struggle to be recognized as woman |url=http://shanghaiist.com/2014/04/03/transgender-refugee-hong-kong.php |access-date=3 April 2014 |publisher=Shanhaiist}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=La historia de Eliana, la joven transgénero que está atrapada en Hong Kong |url=http://www.elpais.com.co/elpais/judicial/noticias/historia-eliana-joven-transgenero-esta-atrapada-hong-kong |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010092822/http://www.elpais.com.co/elpais/judicial/noticias/historia-eliana-joven-transgenero-esta-atrapada-hong-kong |archive-date=10 October 2014 |access-date=29 March 2014 |publisher=Diario El País}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekarar 2013, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ba da mafita ta hanyar amincewa Rubashkyn a matsayin mace a ƙarƙashin tsarin 'yan gudun hijira na UNHCR. Ta zama mace ta farko da aka amince da ita a matsayin mace a [[Sin|China]] ko Hong Kong ba tare da an yi mata tiyatar sake aikin jima'i ba ko kuma ta hanyar likita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=caracol.com.co |title=Transexual reconocida como mujer en China |url=http://www.caracol.com.co/audio_programas/archivo_de_audio/eliana-rubashkyn-transexual-reconocida-como-mujer-en-china/20140317/oir/2132442.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102218/http://www.caracol.com.co/audio_programas/archivo_de_audio/eliana-rubashkyn-transexual-reconocida-como-mujer-en-china/20140317/oir/2132442.aspx |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=1 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=行街紙隱去性別未變性博士准住女病房 |url=http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20140315/18657221 |access-date=2 January 2014 |publisher=Apple Daily Hong Kong}}</ref> Wani labari na [[CNN]] game da gwagwarmayar ta da kuma ɗan gajeren fim game da rayuwarta a Hong Kong ta sami lambar yabo ta GLAAD Media Award a watan Mayu 2015. === Maidowa === A cikin watan Mayun 2014, New Zealand ta karɓi Rubashkyn a matsayin 'yar gudun hijira kuma ta ba ta mafaka, ta ƙara fahimtar jinsinta a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2014 |title=En libertad la transgénero presa en Hong Kong |url=http://www.semana.com/gente/articulo/eliana-rubashkyn-transgenero-colombiana-en-hong-kong-quedo-libre/394176-3 |access-date=5 January 2015 |publisher=Revista Semana}}</ref> Shari'arta ita ce ta farko a duniya da aka amince da jinsin mutum a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eliana Rubashkyn. First case of International gender recognition through asylum |url=http://www.fundaciontriangulo.org/noticias/425-eliana-rubashkyn-primer-caso-de-cambio-de-sexo-legal-por-asilo-internacional |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006140105/http://www.fundaciontriangulo.org/noticias/425-eliana-rubashkyn-primer-caso-de-cambio-de-sexo-legal-por-asilo-internacional |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Fundacion Triangulo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Transexual colombiana atrapada en Hong Kong recibe refugio en Nueva Zelanda |url=http://www.rcnradio.com/noticias/mujer-transexual-apatrida-nacida-en-colombia-recibe-refugio-y-nacionalidad-en-nueva-zelanda |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125201/http://www.rcnradio.com/noticias/mujer-transexual-apatrida-nacida-en-colombia-recibe-refugio-y-nacionalidad-en-nueva-zelanda |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=RCN}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2015, auren Rubashkyn ya sami kulawar kafofin watsa labaru mai mahimmanci lokacin da magatakarda na NZ na Aure ya nemi mataccen suna Rubashkyn, tare da sunanta na shari'a, don yin rajistar auren. A cikin shekarar 2019, Rubashkyn ya ba da shaida a matsayin wani ɓangare na binciken kisan Grace Millane, bayan da ta fahimci cewa ta yi wa wanda ake tuhuma hidima a wani kantin magani na Auckland.<ref name="Millane"/> == Sana'a == Tun lokacin da aka sake ta a New Zealand, Rubashkyn ta yi aiki a matsayin mai harhaɗa magunguna kuma tana da hannu cikin ayyukan bayar da shawarwari da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry seeks feedback on draft vaping regulations, while pharmacy sales slow |url=https://www.pharmacytoday.co.nz/article/ministry-seeks-feedback-draft-vaping-regulations-while-pharmacy-sales-slow |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Pharmacy Today |language=en}}</ref> === Gwagwarmaya/Fafutuka === Rubashkyn ta ba da shawarar haƙƙoƙin 'yan gudun hijira da jima'i, transgender, da bambancin jinsi a New Zealand da kuma duniya baki ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rainbow refugees come to NZ to find safety, but say the system is not built for them |url=https://www.renews.co.nz/rainbow-refugees-come-to-nz-to-find-safety-but-say-the-system-is-not-built-for-them/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=www.renews.co.nz |language=en-US}}</ref> Rubashkyn ta ba da gudummawa ga shirin ci gaban Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da kuma Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a matsayinta na wacce ta kafa Rainbow Path Aotearoa New Zealand, wata kungiyar bayar da shawarwari ta 'yan gudun hijira ta LGBT. Yayin zanga-zangar adawa da Kellie-Jay Keen-Minshull a [[Auckland]] a ranar 25 ga watan Maris 2023, Rubashkyn ta jefa ruwan tumatir a kan Keen-Minshull. Daga baya, Rubashkyn ta ba da rahoton samun barazanar kisa. Rubashkyn ta tafi Ostiraliya, sannan Amurka, tana mai cewa tana tsoron a kama ta a New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Posie Parker juice thrower says arrest warrant imminent |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2023/03/29/posie-parker-juice-thrower-says-arrest-warrant-imminent/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=1 News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='I am scared': Posie Parker juice-thrower claims arrest warrant pending |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/posie-parker-tomato-juicer-eli-rubashkyn-says-arrest-warrant-likely-to-be-filed/T7LTM7JSFVHVDKOLE37BTVDVBY/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=reporter |first=Auckland |date=2023-03-30 |title=Police lay assault charge on woman who threw juice over Posie Parker |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/131647981/police-lay-assault-charge-on-woman-who-threw-juice-over-posie-parker |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya 'yan sandan New Zealand sun tuhume ta da laifuffuka biyu na hari,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Posie Parker juice-thrower charged with assault |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/posie-parker-juice-thower-eli-rubashkyn-en-route-for-new-york-after-arrest-claim/OBCY2CCNPJAULNQOHSQVCXX6Y4/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Franks |first=Raphael |title=Posie Parker juice-thrower charged with assault |url=https://www.newstalkzb.co.nz/news/national/posie-parker-juice-thower-eli-rubashkyn-charged-with-assault/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=ZB |language=en-nz}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> daya kirga kan lamarin ruwan tumatir da Keen-Minshull da kuma wani harin da aka kai wa wani daban, wanda ba a san ko wanene ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Woman accused of throwing juice over Posie Parker pleads not guilty |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/woman-accused-of-throwing-juice-over-womens-rights-activist-posie-parker-pleads-not-guilty/QI24T5Z5BBCG5GDEDAP6I7KIEI/ |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref> Magoya bayan Rubashkyn sun tara sama da dala 15,000 a cikin makonni biyu da suka biyo bayan lamarin don biyan kuɗinta na shari'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Shibu |date=2023-03-31 |title=Fundraiser For NZ Trans Activist Who Doused Kellie-Jay Keen With Tomato Sauce |url=https://www.starobserver.com.au/news/international-news-news/fundraiser-for-nz-trans-activist-who-doused-kellie-jay-keen-with-tomato-sauce/222889 |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Star Observer |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2023, lauyan Rubashkyn ya shigar da kara a madadinta, tare da komawa kotu a watan Yuli.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-05 |title=Protester pleads not guilty to assault after throwing juice on Posie Parker |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/crime/300848339/protester-pleads-not-guilty-to-assault-after-throwing-juice-on-posie-parker |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Satumba, lauyan Rubashkyn James Olsen ya nemi a soke tuhumar da ake yi mata a kotun gundumar Auckland. Keen-Minshull ta kwaɗaitar da magoya bayanta da su taru a kusa da kotun ta kafafen sada zumunta; Bayan ta yi watsi da shirin tafiya na biyu zuwa New Zealand saboda matsalolin tsaro. Magoya bayan Keen-Minshull da suka haɗa da kungiyar "Bari mace ta yi magana" sun haɗu da mambobin kungiyar Trans Liberation Alliance (TLA) da suka taru a kotun St Patrick da ke kusa da kotun gundumar Auckland. Wannan zanga-zangar ta kasance cikin lumana tare da ‘yan sanda sun raba kungiyoyin biyu. Olsen ya bayar da hujjar cewa ya kamata a yi watsi da karar tun da Keen-Minshull ya ki gabatar da kara ko mika shaida ga ‘yan sanda. Dan sanda mai gabatar da kara Sajan Phil Mann ya nemi ya dogara da kalaman da Keen-Minshull ya yi na yin fim ga TVNZ bayan faruwar lamarin. Mai shari’a Claire Ryan ta ajiye hukuncinta har sai an saurari karar a watan Oktoba 2023.<ref name="NZH 21 Sep 2023" /> A ranar 26 ga watan Oktoba, alkalin kotun Ryan ya ki amincewa da yunkurin Rubashkyn na yin watsi da tuhumar da ake mata, ya kuma yanke hukuncin cewa za ta fuskanci shari'a kan laifuka biyu na cin zarafi da ake yi wa Keen-Minshull. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> iysr7jjpimxucgvz6r59n90qsysbxux 826749 826747 2026-04-26T19:02:46Z Mahuta 11340 826749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eliana Rubashkyn''' (an Haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Yuni 1988) ƴar ƙasar [[New Zealand]] likitar harhaɗa magunguna ce kuma masaniya a fannin ilmin sinadarai,<ref name="Millane">{{Cite web |date=2019-11-14 |title='I'm sorry': Moment murder accused admitted Grace was dead |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/national/im-sorry-moment-murder-accused-admitted-grace-was-dead |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Otago Daily Times Online News |language=en}}</ref> sananniya ce da kasancewa mace ta farko da aka ba wa namiji lokacin haihuwa da aka amince da shi a matsayin [[mace]] mai tsarin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] a ƙarƙashin dokar 'yan gudun hijira ta duniya. An haife ta a Kolombiya, Rubashkyn ba ta da ƙasa a da.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McGee |first=Thomas |date=2020 |title=Rainbow statelessness - between sexual citizenship and legal theory: Exploring the statelessness-LGBTIQ+ nexus. |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/agispt.20221018075985 |journal=Statelessness & Citizenship Review |volume=2(1) |issue=2 |pages=64–85 |via=[[Informit (database)|Informit]]}}</ref> a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin jami'in shirye-shirye a duniya ta ILGA,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ælien Rubashkyn - ILGA World |url=https://ilga.org/%C3%86lien-Rubashkyn |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907100944/https://ilga.org/%C3%86lien-Rubashkyn |archive-date=7 September 2021 |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref> kuma a matsayin masaniya a fannin kimiyyar rage cutar da ke haɓaka yakin neman hakkin ɗan adam na tallafi ga masu neman mafaka na LGBTI, 'yan gudun hijira da masu shiga tsakani a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ITANZ - Intersex Awareness New Zealand 2019 - Board Members |url=http://www.ianz.org.nz/about-itanz/board/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |archive-date=2019-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911065353/http://www.ianz.org.nz/about-itanz/board/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An amince [[Jinsi|da jinsin]] Rubashkyn a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] ta 1951 dangane da Matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Campaign 2014 |title=Hong Kong recognized Trans woman without Sex reassignment Surgery |url=http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/hong-kong-government-recognizes-transgender-woman-without-gender-reassignme |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006154905/http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/hong-kong-government-recognizes-transgender-woman-without-gender-reassignme |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> Shari'ar Rubashkyn ya ja hankalin kafafen yaɗa labarai na ƙasa da ƙasa da lauyoyi bayan cin zarafin da aka yi mata biyo bayan tsare ta a filin jirgin sama na Hong Kong saboda rashin jituwa tsakanin [[Asalin jinsi|jinsinta]] da hoton fasfo ɗinta, wanda ya haifar da shekaru da dama na rashin ƙasa a Hong Kong.  da kuma ƙasƙantar da ɗan adam zuwa cibiyoyin mafaka da yawa a cikin Yuen Long.<ref name="Misunderstood and Stateless">{{Cite web |date=5 September 2014 |title=Misunderstood and stateless in Hong Kong: A transgender woman's nightmare |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/05/world/transgender-asylum-hong-kong/ |access-date=5 September 2014 |publisher=CNN International}}</ref><ref name="UNHCR">{{Cite web |title=Transgender Refugee goes through hell in Hong Kong |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refdaily?pass=463ef21123&id=533cf1698 |access-date=20 March 2014 |publisher=UNHCR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2014 |title=Hong Kong is 'hell' Transgender postgrad student-turned-refugee struggles to be recognised as a woman |url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/hong-kong-hell-transgender-postgrad-student-turned-refugee-struggles-be-recognised-woman0504 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006110553/http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/hong-kong-hell-transgender-postgrad-student-turned-refugee-struggles-be-recognised-woman0504 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=20 May 2014 |publisher=gaystarnews.com}}</ref> Rubashkyn ta koma ƙasar [[New Zealand]] a matsayin 'yar gudun hijira a cikin shekarar 2014, kuma an ba ta shaida ta ƙasar New Zealand a cikin shekarar 2018.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Transgender refugee says NZ paradise |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/transgender-refugee-says-nz-paradise/FOX7DUD3XTF4K6OWN72OH2FWPE/ |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2023, an tuhumi Rubashkyn da laifuffuka biyu na kai hari kan jefa ruwan [[tumatir]] a kan masu fafutuka Kellie-Jay Keen-Minshull da Tania Suzanne Sturt a wata zanga-zangar adawa da ziyarar Keen-Minshull.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=Posie Parker assault case: Tomato juice protester Eliana Golberstein pleads guilty |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/posie-parker-assault-case-tomato-juice-protester-eli-rubashkyn-pleads-guilty/J4XEWQPOJZF4XP654KYDSJTX2Q/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Rubashkyn a [[Kolombiya|Colombia]] ga mahaifiyar Bayahudiya 'yar ƙasar Yukren wacce ta koma can a shekarun 1970s. An haife ta tare da yanayin jima'i na rashin jin daɗi na androgen kuma an sanya shi namiji a lokacin haihuwa.<ref name="3news">{{Cite web |date=26 July 2015 |title=Gender refugee hopes for NZ citizenship |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/tvshows/3d/gender-refugee-hopes-for-nz-citizenship-2015072616 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225151833/http://www.3news.co.nz/tvshows/3d/gender-refugee-hopes-for-nz-citizenship-2015072616 |archive-date=25 December 2015 |access-date=23 December 2015 |publisher=3 Degrees - TV3 New Zealand}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vesga |first=Alejandro |date=11 July 2015 |title=El purgatorio de una transgénero víctima de un pasaporte con sexo masculino |url=http://www.kienyke.com/historias/el-purgatorio-de-una-transgenero-victima-de-un-pasaporte-con-sexo-masculino/}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2011, Rubashkyn ta sami digirinta a fannin harhaɗa magunguna da [[Kimiyya|sinadarai]] a Jami'ar ƙasa ta Colombia, kuma tana magana da harsuna biyar sosai.<ref name=":3"/> Bayan ta yi karatun ilmin halitta a Jami'ar Granada, an ba ta guraben karatu don haɓaka karatun digiri na biyu a fannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a a Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta [[Taipei]], kuma a lokaci guda ta fara canjin yanayi da tabbatar da jinsi a [[Taiwan]]. Rubashkyn ta gano cewa caka mata wuka a Colombia ne ya sa ta yanke shawarar neman ilimi a wasu wurare. === Rashin kasa === A cikin shekara guda da fara maganin maye gurbin hormone, yanayin jikin Rubashkyn ya canza sosai saboda yanayin jima'i, kuma hukumomin shige da fice na Taiwan sun buƙaci ta sabunta fasfo ɗinta a ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin Colombia kafin ta fara shekara ta biyu na karatun masters. Ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Hong Kong]] don yin hakan, amma lokacin da ta isa cibiyar shige da fice ta filin jirgin sama na Hong Kong, an tsare ta sama da watanni takwas a tsare da kuma cibiyoyin ‘yan gudun hijira da dama saboda rashin sanin yanayin shari’arta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2014 |title=The Colombian transgender woman stranded in Hong Kong |url=http://www.semana.com/gente/articulo/la-transgenero-colombiana-atrapada-en-hong-kong/381292-3 |access-date=22 March 2014 |publisher=Revista Semana}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Transgender refugee goes through hell in Hong Kong to be recognised as woman |url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1457021/transgender-refugee-goes-through-hell-hong-kong-be-recognised-woman |access-date=3 March 2014 |website=South China Morning Post}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2020-02-28 |title=Making New Zealand Home: Eliana Rubashkyn |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/afternoons/audio/2018736234/making-new-zealand-home-eliana-rubashkyn |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=RNZ |language=en-nz}}</ref> Rubashkyn ta sha fama da cin zarafi da cin zarafi da musgunawa akai-akai a wurare da dama da take rayuwa a ciki. An tsare ta a wani sashin kula da taɓin hankali na Asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth da ke Kowloon, sakamakon wani yunkurin kashe kanta, bayan an yi mata wulakanci da lalata da ita.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2015 |title=10 Harrowing Tales of Stateless People - 2 Eliana Rubashkyn |url=https://listverse.com/2015/08/07/10-harrowing-tales-of-stateless-people/ |access-date=14 October 2017 |publisher=Listverse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2014 |title=Misunderstood and stateless in Hong Kong: A transgender woman's nightmare |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/05/world/transgender-asylum-hong-kong/ |access-date=5 September 2014 |publisher=CNN International}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Live Interview (In Spanish) on CNN after being released from her reclusion in Hong Kong and China |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkEsMq5xKfA/ |access-date=5 September 2014 |publisher=CNN International}}</ref> Ta kasa neman mafaka don a ba ta kariya a matsayinta na 'yar gudun hijira a Hong Kong saboda gwamnati ba ta amince da yarjejeniyar 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ba, ta fuskanci kora, kuma ta fuskanci mugun hali a wurin da ake tsare da filin jirgin sama.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2015 |title=10 Harrowing Tales of Stateless People - 2 Eliana Rubashkyn |url=https://listverse.com/2015/08/07/10-harrowing-tales-of-stateless-people/ |access-date=14 October 2017 |publisher=Listverse}}</ref> Rubashkyn ta ƙi tuntuɓar ofishin jakadancinta na gida don hana fitar da ita saboda rashin taimakon diflomasiyya da suka bayar, kuma ta zama ''marar'' ƙasa a ranar 30 ga watan Oktoba 2012. Matsayin Rubashkyn a matsayin 'yar gudun hijira ya iyakance hulɗar iya yi da hukumomi daga gwamnatocin Colombia.<ref name=":4"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Stuck in limbo the tragic story of the transgender refugee Eliana Rubashkyn |url=http://www.timeout.com.hk/gay-lesbian/features/65764/stuck-in-limbo-the-tragic-story-of-transgender-refugee-eliana-rubashkyn.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006162731/http://www.timeout.com.hk/gay-lesbian/features/65764/stuck-in-limbo-the-tragic-story-of-transgender-refugee-eliana-rubashkyn.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 March 2014 |publisher=Time Out Hong Kong}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2010 |title=UNHCR and De Facto Statelessness |url=http://www.unhcr.org/4bc2ddeb9.pdf |access-date=28 November 2017 |publisher=Hugh Massey, Senior Legal Adviser, UNHCR Geneva}}</ref> Tare da taimakon [[Amnesty International]] da hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNHCR), an ba ta matsayin [[Ƴan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]];  duk da haka, saboda Hong Kong ba ta sanya hannu kan taron ƴan gudun hijira na 1951 ba, ba ta amince da ita a matsayin 'yar gudun hijira ba kuma ta nemi a tura ta zuwa Colombia. Lamarin nata ya ja hankalin duniya, musamman a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da Kolombiya, inda ake yawan cin zarafi tsakanin maza da mata da maza da mata. An kuma lura da shari'arta a [[New Zealand]], ƙasar da aka sani da matsayinta game da daidaito ga mutanen LGBTI.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cơn ác mộng của người chuyển giới ở Hong Kong |url=http://hotnews247.vn/v688/Con-ac-mong-cua-nguoi-chuyen-gioi-o-Hong-Kong.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101242/http://hotnews247.vn/v688/Con-ac-mong-cua-nguoi-chuyen-gioi-o-Hong-Kong.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=20 May 2014 |publisher=Hot News Vietnam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2014 |title=Transgender refugee stranded in Hong Kong describes struggle to be recognized as woman |url=http://shanghaiist.com/2014/04/03/transgender-refugee-hong-kong.php |access-date=3 April 2014 |publisher=Shanhaiist}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=La historia de Eliana, la joven transgénero que está atrapada en Hong Kong |url=http://www.elpais.com.co/elpais/judicial/noticias/historia-eliana-joven-transgenero-esta-atrapada-hong-kong |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010092822/http://www.elpais.com.co/elpais/judicial/noticias/historia-eliana-joven-transgenero-esta-atrapada-hong-kong |archive-date=10 October 2014 |access-date=29 March 2014 |publisher=Diario El País}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekarar 2013, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ba da mafita ta hanyar amincewa Rubashkyn a matsayin mace a ƙarƙashin tsarin 'yan gudun hijira na UNHCR. Ta zama mace ta farko da aka amince da ita a matsayin mace a [[Sin|China]] ko Hong Kong ba tare da an yi mata tiyatar sake aikin jima'i ba ko kuma ta hanyar likita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=caracol.com.co |title=Transexual reconocida como mujer en China |url=http://www.caracol.com.co/audio_programas/archivo_de_audio/eliana-rubashkyn-transexual-reconocida-como-mujer-en-china/20140317/oir/2132442.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102218/http://www.caracol.com.co/audio_programas/archivo_de_audio/eliana-rubashkyn-transexual-reconocida-como-mujer-en-china/20140317/oir/2132442.aspx |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=1 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=行街紙隱去性別未變性博士准住女病房 |url=http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20140315/18657221 |access-date=2 January 2014 |publisher=Apple Daily Hong Kong}}</ref> Wani labari na [[CNN]] game da gwagwarmayar ta da kuma ɗan gajeren fim game da rayuwarta a Hong Kong ta sami lambar yabo ta GLAAD Media Award a watan Mayu 2015. === Maidowa === A cikin watan Mayun 2014, New Zealand ta karɓi Rubashkyn a matsayin 'yar gudun hijira kuma ta ba ta mafaka, ta ƙara fahimtar jinsinta a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2014 |title=En libertad la transgénero presa en Hong Kong |url=http://www.semana.com/gente/articulo/eliana-rubashkyn-transgenero-colombiana-en-hong-kong-quedo-libre/394176-3 |access-date=5 January 2015 |publisher=Revista Semana}}</ref> Shari'arta ita ce ta farko a duniya da aka amince da jinsin mutum a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eliana Rubashkyn. First case of International gender recognition through asylum |url=http://www.fundaciontriangulo.org/noticias/425-eliana-rubashkyn-primer-caso-de-cambio-de-sexo-legal-por-asilo-internacional |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006140105/http://www.fundaciontriangulo.org/noticias/425-eliana-rubashkyn-primer-caso-de-cambio-de-sexo-legal-por-asilo-internacional |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Fundacion Triangulo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Transexual colombiana atrapada en Hong Kong recibe refugio en Nueva Zelanda |url=http://www.rcnradio.com/noticias/mujer-transexual-apatrida-nacida-en-colombia-recibe-refugio-y-nacionalidad-en-nueva-zelanda |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125201/http://www.rcnradio.com/noticias/mujer-transexual-apatrida-nacida-en-colombia-recibe-refugio-y-nacionalidad-en-nueva-zelanda |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=RCN}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2015, auren Rubashkyn ya sami kulawar kafofin watsa labaru mai mahimmanci lokacin da magatakarda na NZ na Aure ya nemi mataccen suna Rubashkyn, tare da sunanta na shari'a, don yin rajistar auren. A cikin shekarar 2019, Rubashkyn ya ba da shaida a matsayin wani ɓangare na binciken kisan Grace Millane, bayan da ta fahimci cewa ta yi wa wanda ake tuhuma hidima a wani kantin magani na Auckland.<ref name="Millane"/> == Sana'a == Tun lokacin da aka sake ta a New Zealand, Rubashkyn ta yi aiki a matsayin mai harhaɗa magunguna kuma tana da hannu cikin ayyukan bayar da shawarwari da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry seeks feedback on draft vaping regulations, while pharmacy sales slow |url=https://www.pharmacytoday.co.nz/article/ministry-seeks-feedback-draft-vaping-regulations-while-pharmacy-sales-slow |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Pharmacy Today |language=en}}</ref> === Gwagwarmaya/Fafutuka === Rubashkyn ta ba da shawarar haƙƙoƙin 'yan gudun hijira da jima'i, transgender, da bambancin jinsi a New Zealand da kuma duniya baki ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rainbow refugees come to NZ to find safety, but say the system is not built for them |url=https://www.renews.co.nz/rainbow-refugees-come-to-nz-to-find-safety-but-say-the-system-is-not-built-for-them/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=www.renews.co.nz |language=en-US}}</ref> Rubashkyn ta ba da gudummawa ga shirin ci gaban Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da kuma Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a matsayinta na wacce ta kafa Rainbow Path Aotearoa New Zealand, wata kungiyar bayar da shawarwari ta 'yan gudun hijira ta LGBT. Yayin zanga-zangar adawa da Kellie-Jay Keen-Minshull a [[Auckland]] a ranar 25 ga watan Maris 2023, Rubashkyn ta jefa ruwan tumatir a kan Keen-Minshull. Daga baya, Rubashkyn ta ba da rahoton samun barazanar kisa. Rubashkyn ta tafi Ostiraliya, sannan Amurka, tana mai cewa tana tsoron a kama ta a New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Posie Parker juice thrower says arrest warrant imminent |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2023/03/29/posie-parker-juice-thrower-says-arrest-warrant-imminent/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=1 News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='I am scared': Posie Parker juice-thrower claims arrest warrant pending |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/posie-parker-tomato-juicer-eli-rubashkyn-says-arrest-warrant-likely-to-be-filed/T7LTM7JSFVHVDKOLE37BTVDVBY/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=reporter |first=Auckland |date=2023-03-30 |title=Police lay assault charge on woman who threw juice over Posie Parker |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/131647981/police-lay-assault-charge-on-woman-who-threw-juice-over-posie-parker |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya 'yan sandan New Zealand sun tuhume ta da laifuffuka biyu na hari,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Posie Parker juice-thrower charged with assault |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/posie-parker-juice-thower-eli-rubashkyn-en-route-for-new-york-after-arrest-claim/OBCY2CCNPJAULNQOHSQVCXX6Y4/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Franks |first=Raphael |title=Posie Parker juice-thrower charged with assault |url=https://www.newstalkzb.co.nz/news/national/posie-parker-juice-thower-eli-rubashkyn-charged-with-assault/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=ZB |language=en-nz}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> daya kirga kan lamarin ruwan tumatir da Keen-Minshull da kuma wani harin da aka kai wa wani daban, wanda ba a san ko wanene ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Woman accused of throwing juice over Posie Parker pleads not guilty |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/woman-accused-of-throwing-juice-over-womens-rights-activist-posie-parker-pleads-not-guilty/QI24T5Z5BBCG5GDEDAP6I7KIEI/ |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref> Magoya bayan Rubashkyn sun tara sama da dala 15,000 a cikin makonni biyu da suka biyo bayan lamarin don biyan kuɗinta na shari'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Shibu |date=2023-03-31 |title=Fundraiser For NZ Trans Activist Who Doused Kellie-Jay Keen With Tomato Sauce |url=https://www.starobserver.com.au/news/international-news-news/fundraiser-for-nz-trans-activist-who-doused-kellie-jay-keen-with-tomato-sauce/222889 |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Star Observer |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2023, lauyan Rubashkyn ya shigar da kara a madadinta, tare da komawa kotu a watan Yuli.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-05 |title=Protester pleads not guilty to assault after throwing juice on Posie Parker |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/crime/300848339/protester-pleads-not-guilty-to-assault-after-throwing-juice-on-posie-parker |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Satumba, lauyan Rubashkyn James Olsen ya nemi a soke tuhumar da ake yi mata a kotun gundumar Auckland. Keen-Minshull ta kwaɗaitar da magoya bayanta da su taru a kusa da kotun ta kafafen sada zumunta; Bayan ta yi watsi da shirin tafiya na biyu zuwa New Zealand saboda matsalolin tsaro. Magoya bayan Keen-Minshull da suka haɗa da kungiyar "Bari mace ta yi magana" sun haɗu da mambobin kungiyar Trans Liberation Alliance (TLA) da suka taru a kotun St Patrick da ke kusa da kotun gundumar Auckland. Wannan zanga-zangar ta kasance cikin lumana tare da ‘yan sanda sun raba kungiyoyin biyu. Olsen ya bayar da hujjar cewa ya kamata a yi watsi da karar tun da Keen-Minshull ya ki gabatar da kara ko mika shaida ga ‘yan sanda. Dan sanda mai gabatar da kara Sajan Phil Mann ya nemi ya dogara da kalaman da Keen-Minshull ya yi na yin fim ga TVNZ bayan faruwar lamarin. Mai shari’a Claire Ryan ta ajiye hukuncinta har sai an saurari karar a watan Oktoba 2023.<ref name="NZH 21 Sep 2023" /> A ranar 26 ga watan Oktoba, alkalin kotun Ryan ya ki amincewa da yunkurin Rubashkyn na yin watsi da tuhumar da ake mata, ya kuma yanke hukuncin cewa za ta fuskanci shari'a kan laifuka biyu na cin zarafi da ake yi wa Keen-Minshull. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> fl7f7mourvimv4kdbsxl81u8mk4zgka 0 81461 826936 513157 2026-04-27T08:32:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 826936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da [[David Wineman]] a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006). <ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009). <ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000). <ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Concerns {{Whose?|date=May 2016}}specifically related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == Dubi kuma ==   == manazarta == {{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f1pt6dkhr7vu0pjeckj65scrq0wl8gy 826937 826936 2026-04-27T08:33:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 826937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006). <ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009). <ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000). <ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Concerns {{Whose?|date=May 2016}}specifically related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == Dubi kuma ==   == manazarta == {{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dnvqacssyme5bcfj31vqpvj7u8zwsbf 826938 826937 2026-04-27T08:33:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 826938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009). <ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000). <ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Concerns {{Whose?|date=May 2016}}specifically related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == Dubi kuma ==   == manazarta == {{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cv63vno6y5bhqmtzrfyhodbmqh5sx3o 826939 826938 2026-04-27T08:34:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 826939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000). <ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Concerns {{Whose?|date=May 2016}}specifically related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == Dubi kuma ==   == manazarta == {{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 41hky3m9cf7gq5u5fizj6gqwnmmaeeh 826940 826939 2026-04-27T08:34:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 826940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000). <ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Concerns {{Whose?|date=May 2016}}specifically related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == Dubi kuma ==   == manazarta == {{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] avdxkbln69h5xjlya2cvvt03oveglnv 826941 826940 2026-04-27T08:34:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 826941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Concerns {{Whose?|date=May 2016}}specifically related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == Dubi kuma ==   == manazarta == {{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jd5p2x5b4rnitef3u06g57bqd0oukpl 826942 826941 2026-04-27T08:35:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 826942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Concerns {{Whose?|date=May 2016}}specifically related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == Dubi kuma ==   == manazarta == {{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rgxjpdwmgi6x3xiyssuldgm2yfhd8w8 826943 826942 2026-04-27T08:35:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 826943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Concerns {{Whose?|date=May 2016}}specifically related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == Dubi kuma ==   == manazarta == {{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3lksjnrfqa4373ki545ihp7snkhetmu 826944 826943 2026-04-27T08:35:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 826944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Concerns {{Whose?|date=May 2016}}specifically related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == Dubi kuma ==   == manazarta == {{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] htci4323lfloxb0cz88h9a6buc8a5n2 826945 826944 2026-04-27T08:36:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 826945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Concerns {{Whose?|date=May 2016}}specifically related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == Dubi kuma ==   == manazarta == {{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] slscu6n56tba1tj5vkk2z81qbw6ua7i 826946 826945 2026-04-27T08:36:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 826946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs. Concerns {{Whose?|date=May 2016}}specifically related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == Dubi kuma ==   == manazarta == {{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ke2k2m0lzicwdwnji2si3piwasovbz4 826947 826946 2026-04-27T08:37:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 826947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs. Concerns related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == Dubi kuma ==   == manazarta == {{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dj4d8130lgalvlvuzp8os0ah4u1clvy 826948 826947 2026-04-27T08:37:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 826948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == {{Gyara Fassara}} [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs. Concerns related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == Dubi kuma ==   == manazarta == {{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pn3o42fjxnlxpine4qaoa5srmslr3ky 826949 826948 2026-04-27T08:38:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 826949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == {{Gyara Fassara}} [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs. Concerns related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == manazarta == {{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i2dd0jx2w2jnx6c5nqx99b706adzjy0 826950 826949 2026-04-27T08:38:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 826950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == {{Gyara Fassara}} [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs. Concerns related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] aazqdezlr8lttyiwh85z2kuwm5u73px 826951 826950 2026-04-27T08:39:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 826951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == {{Gyara Fassara}} [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs. Concerns related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ohz3kotytvtqe5akdx67y39nisf9qn4 826952 826951 2026-04-27T08:39:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 826952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == {{Gyara Fassara}} [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs. Concerns related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7ulz2p1tqojza6blmte7ulb3kyw9vux 826953 826952 2026-04-27T08:39:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 826953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == {{Gyara Fassara}} [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs. Concerns related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sc70yhwr90sfx8nz2imz22cqtg75vrc 826954 826953 2026-04-27T08:39:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 826954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == {{Gyara Fassara}} [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs. Concerns related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4tczpukib19yppv60bw0fb4hqsoglpe 826955 826954 2026-04-27T08:40:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 826955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga bangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke bukata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == {{Gyara Fassara}} [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs. Concerns related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e9e4hy4pdw9350tr7b0an7o8n6ia4p8 826969 826955 2026-04-27T10:38:16Z Mahuta 11340 826969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga ɓangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke buƙata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == {{Gyara Fassara}} [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs. Concerns related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e4cf9vqwhvcwx2xqhpk15hpq8l2w86z 0 81525 826688 705345 2026-04-26T16:25:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ethel Adjorlolo Marfo''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''BoysDocta_Ethel''' ) mai ba da shawara kan kare haƙƙin maza 'yar Ghana ce, malama kuma 'yar kasuwa ta zamantakewa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Glitz top 100 inspirational women – Page 100 – Glitz Africa Magazine |url=https://www.glitzafrica.com/glitz-top-100-inspirational-women/100/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526112709/https://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-20 |title=Ethel A Marfo {{!}} WEF |url=https://www.wef.org.in/ethel-a-marfo/,%20https://www.wef.org.in/ethel-a-marfo/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=21 December 2021 |title=Ethel Adjorlolo Marfo Graduates With A Masters In Educational Leadership And Innovation |url=https://edwardasare.com/ethel-adjorlolo-marfo-graduates-with-a-masters-in-educational-leadership-and-innovation/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=EdwardAsare - Sincere Human Stories {{!}} News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce wacce ta kafa kuma jagorar bayar da shawarwari na Junior Shapers Africa (JSA), kungiya mai zaman kanta don ci gaban maza. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Quist |first=Ebenezer |date=2021-12-21 |title=Meet Ghanaian lady running boys' empowerment movement with 7000 beneficiaries |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/199863-ghanaian-lady-starts-men-empowerment-movement-young-boys/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Boys need positive masculine guidance in formative years – Ghana Online News |url=https://ghanaonlinenews.com/boys-need-positive-masculine-guidance-in-formative-years/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Darko |first=Daniel |title=Boys need positive masculine guidance in formative years |url=https://www.gna.org.gh/1.21482860 |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=www.gna.org.gh |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524142101/https://www.gna.org.gh/1.21482860 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Segbefia |first=Sedem |date=2021-05-23 |title=World Day of the Boy Child 2021: JSA founder introduces goal setting book for boys |url=https://thebftonline.com/2021/05/23/world-day-of-the-boy-child-2021-jsa-founder-introduces-goal-setting-book-for-boys/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The Business & Financial Times |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ita ce mace ta farko a Afirka mai fafutukar bunƙasa yara maza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Starrfm.com.gh |date=2017-09-26 |title=CIMG awards Africa's 1st male child dev't activist — Starr Fm |url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2017/09/cimg-awards-africas-1st-male-child-devt-activist/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824005551/https://starrfm.com.gh/2017/09/cimg-awards-africas-1st-male-child-devt-activist/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ilimi == Marfo ta kammala karatunta na digiri na biyu a Jagorancin Ilimi da Ƙirƙirar Ƙira a [[Jami'ar Ilimi, Winneba|Jami'ar Ilimi, ta Winneba]]. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2"/> == Sana'a == Marfo ta kafa Junior Shapers Africa (JSA) a ranar 21 ga watan Satumba 2015 don taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa matasa maza a Ghana, Afirka, [[Birtaniya]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] da [[Tailan|Thailand]]. <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":3"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Junior Shapers Africa marks five-year milestone, trains more than 6,000 boys |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/junior-shapers-africa-marks-five-year-milestone-trains-more-than-6-000-boys.html |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ta kuma kafa Salon Cuties da Ghana Mompreneurs Club. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai Hulɗa da Jama'a da Kasuwa ga Guinness Ghana Breweries Ltd, Aviation Social Center Ltd da [[The Spelling Bee|The Spelling Bee Ghana]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethel Adjorlolo Marfo's Junior Shapers Africa Wins CIMG Award |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/805137/ethel-adjorlolo-marfos-junior-shapers-africa-wins-cimg-awar.html |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == A watan Satumba a i 2017, Marfo yat sami lambar yabo daga CIMG a karo na 28 na lambar yabo ta ƙasa da ƙasa na Cibiyar a Accra. An karrama ta ne saboda hidimar da ta yi na renon matasa maza masu rauni a makarantu da al'ummomi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Founding Director of Junior Shapers Africa receives CIMG special award – Ghana Online News |url=https://ghanaonlinenews.com/founding-director-of-junior-shapers-africa-receives-cimg-special-award/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730035857/https://ghanaonlinenews.com/founding-director-of-junior-shapers-africa-receives-cimg-special-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Founding Director of Junior Shapers Africa receives CIMG special award |url=https://www.businessghana.com/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> An kuma sanya mata suna a cikin Manyan Mata 100 Mafi Haƙiƙa na Shekara ta Glitz Magazine. <ref name=":0"/> 2021: An naɗa ta a matsayin Memba na Babban Jami'in Kyautar EMY na Afirka a Ghana (Keɓaɓɓen Mazajen Shekarar) <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Baby |first=Sunshyn |date=2022-05-17 |title=From Ghana Meet Ethel Adjorlolo Marfo An Award Winning Boys Advocate And Educator Who Is Championing The Personal Development Of Boys Featuring on Afsesnet Magazine |url=https://citylifemanagement.com/2022/05/17/from-ghana-meet-ethel-adjorlolo-marfo-an-award-winning-boys-advocate-and-educator-who-is-championing-the-personal-development-of-boys/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=Citylife Management |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517163624/https://citylifemanagement.com/2022/05/17/from-ghana-meet-ethel-adjorlolo-marfo-an-award-winning-boys-advocate-and-educator-who-is-championing-the-personal-development-of-boys/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2021: An san ta da bikin Ranar Duniya ta Bikin Shekara-shekara na Yara wanda ya samo asali ne a Trinidad & Tobago <ref name=":4"/> 2019: An sanya ta a cikin mata masu sha'awar 100 a Ghana ta Glitz Africa <ref name=":4"/> 2018: Memba na Ƙungiyar Ba da Shawara da Jagoranci ga Maryamu Mother of Good Counsel School (Accra, Ghana) <ref name=":4"/> 2018: Marfo ta sami lambar yabo ta Ƙimar Ilimi ta Educom Awards, Ghana <ref name=":4"/> 2017: An sanya su a cikin ƙwararrun ƴan uwa guda 10 a Afirka ta wetracker.com wanda ke Afirka ta Kudu <ref name=":4"/> 2017: CIMG Mai karɓar Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa na Musamman (Acca, Ghana) <ref name=":4"/> 2016: An sanya ta a cikin mata masu tasiri 100 a Ghana ta Womanrising.com <ref name=":4"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Marfo tana da aure da ‘ya’ya mata uku. <ref name=":4"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c8sbcy9nafiyr1lkdtf7hulc73q1vx0 0 81558 826903 803267 2026-04-27T07:42:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hillary Rodham Clinton with 2011 Human Rights Defender Award recipients.jpg|thumb|geoffrey ogwaro a wajan taro]] [[Fayil:Hillary Rodham Clinton with 2011 Human Rights Defender Award recipients (cropped) - Geoffrey Ogwaro.jpg|thumb|geoffrey ogwaro]] '''Geoffrey Feni Ogwaro''', wani lokaci ana kiransa '''Jeff Ogwaro''', ɗan luwaɗi ne ɗan Yuganda kuma ɗan luwadi mai fafutukar kare hakkin ɗan Adam. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2014 |title=Lezing Oegendese LHBT-activist in Leiden |url=http://www.coc.nl/internationaal/lezing-oegendese-lhbt-activist-in-leiden |access-date=26 November 2014 |website=coc}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2014 |title=Uganda gays face life in prison under law |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/uganda-gays-face-life-prison-law/ |access-date=15 June 2014 |website=Pbs}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin kodineta na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a akan 'Yancin Ɗan Adam da Dokar Tsarin Mulki da mataimakin mai koyarwa a [[Jami'ar Makerere]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ugandan Civil Society Activist Speaks Out on LGBT Rights |url=http://www.arcusfoundation.org/stories-of-impact/lgbt/ugandan-civil-society-activist-speaks-lgbt-rights/ |access-date=28 September 2012 |website=Arcus Foundation}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=How Uganda's gay rights movement braved the storm |url=https://aeon.co/essays/how-uganda-s-gay-rights-movement-braved-the-storm |access-date= |website=Aeon |publisher=Aeon Assays |archive-date=2023-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519110031/https://aeon.co/essays/how-uganda-s-gay-rights-movement-braved-the-storm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gwagwarmaya == Ogwaro, tun yana matashin ɗan luwaɗi ne ya fara fafutukar kare hakkin ‘yan luwaɗi lokacin da ya samu damar yin aiki da kungiyar kare hakkin bil’adama. Sunansa ya bayyana a shafin farko na jaridar ''Red Pepper'' a ranar 1 ga watan Maris a matsayin ɗan luwaɗi, kwanaki kaɗan bayan shugaban Uganda [[Yoweri Museveni]] ya sanya hannu kan dokar hana luwadi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Anti-Gay Law Will Be Overturned Say Uganda's Campaigners|url=http://www.afronline.org/?p=33160#more-33160|access-date=14 March 2014|agency=Afroline|publisher=Afroline|archive-date=17 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217234628/http://www.afronline.org/?p=33160#more-33160|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ogwaro ya yi aiki a kan ayyukan fafutuka da yawa na LGBT tare da 'Yan tsiraru na Jima'i Uganda, Dokar 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Cibiyar 'Yancin Ɗan Adam.<ref>{{cite news|title=Anti-Gay Law Will Be Overturned Say Uganda's Campaigners|url=http://www.afronline.org/?p=33160#more-33160|access-date=14 March 2014|agency=Afroline|publisher=Afroline|archive-date=17 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217234628/http://www.afronline.org/?p=33160#more-33160|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ilimi == Ogwaro ya halarci Makarantar Koyon Shari’a [[Jami'ar Makerere|ta Jami’ar Makerere]] inda ya koyar a matsayin mataimakin mai koyarwa jim kaɗan bayan kammala karatunsa. Ya sami digirinsa a fannin Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da Dimokuraɗiyya daga [[Jami'ar Pretoria]] a shekara ta 2015..<ref>{{cite web|title=HILLARY CLINTON HONOURS UGANDAN LGBT ACTIVISTS|url=http://www.mambaonline.com/2012/08/06/hillary-clinton-honours-ugandan-lgbt-activists/|website=Mambo Online|access-date=6 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hillary Clinton Honors Uganda Gay Rights Activists|url=http://www.ontopmag.com/article/12598/Hillary_Clinton_Honors_Uganda_Gay_Rights_Activists|access-date=5 August 2012|agency=On Top Mag}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Brave Ugandans honoured by Clinton|url=http://www.gaynz.com/articles/publish/3/printer_12102.php|access-date=9 August 2012|agency=Gaynz|publisher=Daily News staff|archive-date=18 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218035622/http://www.gaynz.com/articles/publish/3/printer_12102.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Karramawa da kyaututtuka == A cikin shekara ta 2012, Ogwaro, tare da wasu masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil adama na Uganda, sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka ta lokacin [[Hillary Clinton|Hillary Clinton,]] sun amince da aikinsu na adawa da daftarin dokar da ta kira hukuncin kisa ga mutanen LGBT.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HILLARY CLINTON HONOURS UGANDAN LGBT ACTIVISTS |url=http://www.mambaonline.com/2012/08/06/hillary-clinton-honours-ugandan-lgbt-activists/ |access-date=6 August 2012 |website=Mambo Online}}</ref> Ogwaro ya zo na biyu a fagen kare hakkin ɗan Adam da dimokuraɗiyya ta hanyar gasar ɗaukar hoto a cibiyar kare hakkin ɗan Adam, Jami'ar Pretoria. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre for Human Rights Graduation Ceremony on International Human Rights Day |url=http://www.chr.up.ac.za/index.php/centre-news-a-events-2015/1559-centre-for-human-rights-graduation-ceremony-on-international-human-rights-day.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217233301/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/index.php/centre-news-a-events-2015/1559-centre-for-human-rights-graduation-ceremony-on-international-human-rights-day.html |archive-date=2017-02-17 |access-date=2016-06-19 |website=Center for Human Rights University of Pretoria}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Stella Nyazi * Frank Mugisha * Pepe Julian Onziema == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] hlu5lk6rstbbr4rnjidqxy7zjpry46s 2 81742 826690 821240 2026-04-26T16:38:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 826690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="position:absolute; top:-9999px;">User:</span><span style="font-family:bold; color:#00AD83;">Umar Abusufyan</span>}} <div style="padding:6px; background:#282829; border:3px inset #FFD700; border-radius:12px;"> <div style="background:#00AD83; box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.5em #000;"> <div style="font-size:1.7em; font-weight:bold; padding:0.3em; color:#FFF; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#005ab2,#1f7b52);"> <span style="padding:0.3em;">👤 Umar Abusufyan</span> <span style="float:right; padding:0.3em;">Wikimedian</span> </div> </div> <!-- 🔥 Banner Image --> <div style="text-align:center; margin-top:10px;"> [[File:Wikipedia pages every wikipedia should have 2025 Campaign 39.jpg|center|frameless|900px]] </div> <div style="text-align:center; font-size:110%; color:#ccc; margin-top:5px;"> ''Wikipedia Pages Every Wikipedia Should Have – 2025 Campaign'' </div> <div style="text-align:center; padding:15px; background:#F2EFE6;"> <div style="font-size:230%; font-weight:bold;">Umar Abusufyan</div> <div style="font-size:115%; color:#555;"> Electrical Engineer • Wikimedia Administrator • Community Facilitator </div> <hr style="height:2px; background:#00AD83;"> '''''Welcome to my page!''''' <br><br> If you have any question feel free to reach out 👉 [[User_talk:Pharouqenr|'''Talk page''']] </div> <hr style="height:2px; background:#00AD83;"> == 👤 About Me == <div style="padding:10px; background:#ffffff; border-radius:10px;"> <p align="justify"> I am a passionate <b>Electrical Engineer</b> and Wikimedia contributor dedicated to promoting free knowledge. I obtained my HND in Electrical Engineering from Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic in 2024. </p> <p align="justify"> I actively contribute to Wikimedia projects by creating and improving articles, mentoring editors, and supporting community growth—especially in African content and Hausa Wikipedia development. </p> </div> ---- == 🌍 Wikimedia Contributions == <div style="padding:10px; background:#F9F9F9; border-radius:10px;"> {{Userbox | border-c = #00AD83 | info-c = #ffffff | user-c = #ffffff | id = [[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|35px]] | info = Over '''50,000''' edits on Wikimedia projects }} * Administrator on Hausa Wikipedia * Content creator and article improver * Mentor for new editors * Participant – WikiConference Nigeria 2025 (Abuja) </div> ---- == 🏆 Roles & Recognition == <div style="padding:10px; background:#ffffff; border-radius:10px;"> * Jury – '''Wiki Loves Africa 2025 (Nigeria)''' * Jury – '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 (Nigeria)''' * Jury – '''Wiki Loves Earth 2025 (Nigeria)''' * Facilitator – Hausa Wikimedians User Group Workshop (HUK Polytechnic) * Organizer – ''Wikipedia Pages Every Wikipedia Should Have'' </div> ---- == 🚀 Projects & Leadership == <div style="padding:10px; background:#F9F9F9; border-radius:10px;"> * Organized edit-a-thons and training sessions * Led community engagement activities * Promoted Hausa Wikipedia growth * Facilitated workshops on editing and policies </div> ---- == 🏅 Awards == <div style="padding:10px; background:#ffffff; border-radius:10px; column-count:2;"> * 🏆 Editor of the Month (April–June 2024) * 🥇 Notable Women Writing Contest – 1st * 🥇 Pan-African Leaders Contest – 1st * 🥇 African Wiki Challenge Hausa 2025 – 1st * 🥈 1Lib1Ref 2025 – 2nd * 🥇 Wiki For Human Rights 2025 – 1st * 🥉 African Wiki Challenge (International) – 3rd * 🏆 WPWP Hausa – Runner-up </div> ---- == 📫 Contact == <div style="text-align:center; padding:15px; background:#F2EFE6; border-radius:10px;"> 📘 [https://www.facebook.com/umar.abusufyan.54 Umar Abusufyan Engr] 📧 <b>uabusfyanu84@gmail.com</b> </div> ---- {{userbox | border-c = #00AD83 | id = [[File:Hausa Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|35px]] | info = Member of Hausa Wikimedians User Group }} </div> 17w9etubwilfa7cqzgoldw5htnk8h3c 826692 826690 2026-04-26T16:45:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 826692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="position:absolute; top:-9999px;">User:</span><span style="font-family:bold; color:#00AD83;">Umar Abusufyan</span>}} <div style="padding:6px; background:#282829; border:3px inset #FFD700; border-radius:12px;"> <!-- HEADER --> <div style="background:#00AD83; box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.5em #000;"> <div style="font-size:1.7em; font-weight:bold; padding:0.3em; color:#FFF; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#005ab2,#1f7b52);"> <span style="padding:0.3em;">👤 Umar Abusufyan</span> <span style="float:right; padding:0.3em;">Wikimedian</span> </div> </div> <!-- 👤 PROFILE IMAGE --> <div style="text-align:center; margin-top:15px;"> [[File:Pharouq Captain.jpg|center|frameless|350px]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding:12px; background:#F2EFE6; border-radius:10px; display:inline-block; max-width:520px;"> <div style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; color:#00AD83;"> Umar Abusufyan (Pharouqenr) </div> <div style="font-size:95%; color:#555;"> Electrical Engineer • Wikimedia Administrator • Community Facilitator </div> <div style="font-size:90%; color:#777; margin-top:6px; text-align:justify;"> This is the official user profile of Umar Abusufyan, a Wikimedia contributor and administrator on Hausa Wikipedia. He is actively involved in community development, training, and African knowledge projects within the Wikimedia movement. </div> </div> </div> <!-- WELCOME --> <div style="text-align:center; padding:15px; background:#F2EFE6; margin-top:10px;"> <div style="font-size:230%; font-weight:bold;">Umar Abusufyan</div> <div style="font-size:115%; color:#555;"> Electrical Engineer • Wikimedia Administrator • Community Facilitator </div> <hr style="height:2px; background:#00AD83;"> '''''Welcome to my page!''''' <br><br> If you have any question feel free to reach out 👉 [[User_talk:Pharouqenr|'''Talk page''']] </div> <hr style="height:2px; background:#00AD83;"> == 👤 About Me == <div style="padding:10px; background:#ffffff; border-radius:10px;"> <p align="justify"> I am a passionate <b>Electrical Engineer</b> and Wikimedia contributor dedicated to promoting free knowledge. I obtained my HND in Electrical Engineering from Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic in 2024. </p> <p align="justify"> I actively contribute to Wikimedia projects by creating and improving articles, mentoring editors, and supporting community growth—especially in African content and Hausa Wikipedia development. </p> </div> ---- == 🌍 Wikimedia Contributions == <div style="padding:10px; background:#F9F9F9; border-radius:10px;"> {{Userbox | border-c = #00AD83 | info-c = #ffffff | user-c = #ffffff | id = [[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|35px]] | info = Over '''50,000''' edits on Wikimedia projects }} * Administrator on Hausa Wikipedia * Content creator and article improver * Mentor for new editors * Participant – WikiConference Nigeria 2025 (Abuja) </div> ---- == 🏆 Roles & Recognition == <div style="padding:10px; background:#ffffff; border-radius:10px;"> * Jury – '''Wiki Loves Africa 2025 (Nigeria)''' * Jury – '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 (Nigeria)''' * Jury – '''Wiki Loves Earth 2025 (Nigeria)''' * Facilitator – Hausa Wikimedians User Group Workshop (HUK Polytechnic) * Organizer – ''Wikipedia Pages Every Wikipedia Should Have'' </div> ---- == 🚀 Projects & Leadership == <div style="padding:10px; background:#F9F9F9; border-radius:10px;"> * Organized edit-a-thons and training sessions * Led community engagement activities * Promoted Hausa Wikipedia growth * Facilitated workshops on editing and policies </div> ---- == 🏅 Awards == <div style="padding:10px; background:#ffffff; border-radius:10px; column-count:2;"> * 🏆 Editor of the Month (April–June 2024) * 🥇 Notable Women Writing Contest – 1st * 🥇 Pan-African Leaders Contest – 1st * 🥇 African Wiki Challenge Hausa 2025 – 1st * 🥈 1Lib1Ref 2025 – 2nd * 🥇 Wiki For Human Rights 2025 – 1st * 🥉 African Wiki Challenge (International) – 3rd * 🏆 WPWP Hausa – Runner-up </div> ---- == 📫 Contact == <div style="text-align:center; padding:15px; background:#F2EFE6; border-radius:10px;"> 📘 [https://www.facebook.com/umar.abusufyan.54 Umar Abusufyan Engr] 📧 <b>uabusfyanu84@gmail.com</b> </div> ---- {{userbox | border-c = #00AD83 | id = [[File:Hausa Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|35px]] | info = Member of Hausa Wikimedians User Group }} </div> pu3a5a8kxs3t8jehzkvi0sod55gl4jd 826700 826692 2026-04-26T17:03:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 /* 🏆 Roles & Recognition */ 826700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="position:absolute; top:-9999px;">User:</span><span style="font-family:bold; color:#00AD83;">Umar Abusufyan</span>}} <div style="padding:6px; background:#282829; border:3px inset #FFD700; border-radius:12px;"> <!-- HEADER --> <div style="background:#00AD83; box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.5em #000;"> <div style="font-size:1.7em; font-weight:bold; padding:0.3em; color:#FFF; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#005ab2,#1f7b52);"> <span style="padding:0.3em;">👤 Umar Abusufyan</span> <span style="float:right; padding:0.3em;">Wikimedian</span> </div> </div> <!-- 👤 PROFILE IMAGE --> <div style="text-align:center; margin-top:15px;"> [[File:Pharouq Captain.jpg|center|frameless|350px]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding:12px; background:#F2EFE6; border-radius:10px; display:inline-block; max-width:520px;"> <div style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; color:#00AD83;"> Umar Abusufyan (Pharouqenr) </div> <div style="font-size:95%; color:#555;"> Electrical Engineer • Wikimedia Administrator • Community Facilitator </div> <div style="font-size:90%; color:#777; margin-top:6px; text-align:justify;"> This is the official user profile of Umar Abusufyan, a Wikimedia contributor and administrator on Hausa Wikipedia. He is actively involved in community development, training, and African knowledge projects within the Wikimedia movement. </div> </div> </div> <!-- WELCOME --> <div style="text-align:center; padding:15px; background:#F2EFE6; margin-top:10px;"> <div style="font-size:230%; font-weight:bold;">Umar Abusufyan</div> <div style="font-size:115%; color:#555;"> Electrical Engineer • Wikimedia Administrator • Community Facilitator </div> <hr style="height:2px; background:#00AD83;"> '''''Welcome to my page!''''' <br><br> If you have any question feel free to reach out 👉 [[User_talk:Pharouqenr|'''Talk page''']] </div> <hr style="height:2px; background:#00AD83;"> == 👤 About Me == <div style="padding:10px; background:#ffffff; border-radius:10px;"> <p align="justify"> I am a passionate <b>Electrical Engineer</b> and Wikimedia contributor dedicated to promoting free knowledge. I obtained my HND in Electrical Engineering from Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic in 2024. </p> <p align="justify"> I actively contribute to Wikimedia projects by creating and improving articles, mentoring editors, and supporting community growth—especially in African content and Hausa Wikipedia development. </p> </div> ---- == 🌍 Wikimedia Contributions == <div style="padding:10px; background:#F9F9F9; border-radius:10px;"> {{Userbox | border-c = #00AD83 | info-c = #ffffff | user-c = #ffffff | id = [[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|35px]] | info = Over '''50,000''' edits on Wikimedia projects }} * Administrator on Hausa Wikipedia * Content creator and article improver * Mentor for new editors * Participant – WikiConference Nigeria 2025 (Abuja) </div> ---- == 🏆 Roles & Recognition == <div style="padding:10px; background:#ffffff; border-radius:10px;"> * Jury – '''Hausa Day Contest 2025''' * Jury – '''Wikipedia @25Contest''' * Jury – '''Wiki Loves Africa 2025 (Nigeria)''' * Jury – '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 (Nigeria)''' * Jury – '''Wiki Loves Earth 2025 (Nigeria)''' * Facilitator – Hausa Wikimedians User Group Workshop (HUK Polytechnic) * Organizer – ''Wikipedia Pages Every Wikipedia Should Have'' </div> ---- == 🚀 Projects & Leadership == <div style="padding:10px; background:#F9F9F9; border-radius:10px;"> * Organized edit-a-thons and training sessions * Led community engagement activities * Promoted Hausa Wikipedia growth * Facilitated workshops on editing and policies </div> ---- == 🏅 Awards == <div style="padding:10px; background:#ffffff; border-radius:10px; column-count:2;"> * 🏆 Editor of the Month (April–June 2024) * 🥇 Notable Women Writing Contest – 1st * 🥇 Pan-African Leaders Contest – 1st * 🥇 African Wiki Challenge Hausa 2025 – 1st * 🥈 1Lib1Ref 2025 – 2nd * 🥇 Wiki For Human Rights 2025 – 1st * 🥉 African Wiki Challenge (International) – 3rd * 🏆 WPWP Hausa – Runner-up </div> ---- == 📫 Contact == <div style="text-align:center; padding:15px; background:#F2EFE6; border-radius:10px;"> 📘 [https://www.facebook.com/umar.abusufyan.54 Umar Abusufyan Engr] 📧 <b>uabusfyanu84@gmail.com</b> </div> ---- {{userbox | border-c = #00AD83 | id = [[File:Hausa Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|35px]] | info = Member of Hausa Wikimedians User Group }} </div> ofk29fv3nkgk5ze66qs05yb5027swo8 0 81787 827045 602244 2026-04-27T11:32:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 827045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta Burtaniya, wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma Ingila daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade . A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]] . Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya . Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith . Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na Burtaniya Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa", <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC . [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2013}}Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta fafata a Croydon a Wasannin Ma {{Databox}} tasa na London . <ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye . Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Footer Universiade Champions 400m Hurdles Women}}{{British Athletics Championships women's 400 metres hurdles champions}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 85d6bhl6ntfwd88j2gadofe1hg9zyth 827046 827045 2026-04-27T11:32:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 827046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma Ingila daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade . A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]] . Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya . Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith . Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na Burtaniya Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa", <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC . [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2013}}Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta fafata a Croydon a Wasannin Ma {{Databox}} tasa na London . <ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye . Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Footer Universiade Champions 400m Hurdles Women}}{{British Athletics Championships women's 400 metres hurdles champions}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mki6vqdf1xqaw3nybd0lj1avizsh0jm 827047 827046 2026-04-27T11:33:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 827047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma [[Ingila]] daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade . A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]] . Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya . Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith . Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na Burtaniya Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa", <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC . [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2013}}Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta fafata a Croydon a Wasannin Ma {{Databox}} tasa na London . <ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye . Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Footer Universiade Champions 400m Hurdles Women}}{{British Athletics Championships women's 400 metres hurdles champions}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8svovhiiiucpkqxxi0fzyr15ebw03hs 827048 827047 2026-04-27T11:33:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 827048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma [[Ingila]] daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade. A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]] . Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya . Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith . Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na Burtaniya Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa", <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC . [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2013}}Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta fafata a Croydon a Wasannin Ma {{Databox}} tasa na London . <ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye . Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Footer Universiade Champions 400m Hurdles Women}}{{British Athletics Championships women's 400 metres hurdles champions}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0pc75u2fg2hl9q42ot0tjdx8byd7wel 827049 827048 2026-04-27T11:33:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 827049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma [[Ingila]] daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade. A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]]. Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya . Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith . Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na Burtaniya Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa", <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC . [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2013}}Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta fafata a Croydon a Wasannin Ma {{Databox}} tasa na London . <ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye . Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Footer Universiade Champions 400m Hurdles Women}}{{British Athletics Championships women's 400 metres hurdles champions}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] eksi8hiwoqe9xr5dll1df6c1t9zpqlr 827050 827049 2026-04-27T11:34:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 827050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma [[Ingila]] daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade. A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]]. Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya . Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith. Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na Burtaniya Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa", <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC . [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2013}}Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta fafata a Croydon a Wasannin Ma {{Databox}} tasa na London . <ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye . Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Footer Universiade Champions 400m Hurdles Women}}{{British Athletics Championships women's 400 metres hurdles champions}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hrk2mabv02mwf1h3j3uv1m6ex7uf6r1 827052 827050 2026-04-27T11:34:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 827052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma [[Ingila]] daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade. A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]]. Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya . Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith. Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na Burtaniya Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa", <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC . [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta fafata a Croydon a Wasannin Ma {{Databox}} tasa na London . <ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye . Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Footer Universiade Champions 400m Hurdles Women}}{{British Athletics Championships women's 400 metres hurdles champions}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ate60qmkmurzlzpkf42gdlwjqsglxcy 827053 827052 2026-04-27T11:34:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 827053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma [[Ingila]] daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade. A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]]. Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya . Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith. Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na Burtaniya Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa",<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC . [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta fafata a Croydon a Wasannin Ma {{Databox}} tasa na London . <ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye . Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Footer Universiade Champions 400m Hurdles Women}}{{British Athletics Championships women's 400 metres hurdles champions}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5bon3smeasr2z0jt7x6b3jpj358sa3t 827054 827053 2026-04-27T11:35:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 827054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma [[Ingila]] daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade. A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]]. Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya. Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith. Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na Burtaniya Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa",<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC . [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta fafata a Croydon a Wasannin Ma {{Databox}} tasa na London . <ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye . Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Footer Universiade Champions 400m Hurdles Women}}{{British Athletics Championships women's 400 metres hurdles champions}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j1wdjl4lian73av45afzpfxiwquuiie 827055 827054 2026-04-27T11:35:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 827055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma [[Ingila]] daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade. A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]]. Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya. Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith. Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na Burtaniya Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa",<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC. [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta fafata a Croydon a Wasannin Ma {{Databox}} tasa na London . <ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye . Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Footer Universiade Champions 400m Hurdles Women}}{{British Athletics Championships women's 400 metres hurdles champions}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nryxchhdvkd4lvt0529wspa3qh191sp 827056 827055 2026-04-27T11:35:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 827056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma [[Ingila]] daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade. A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]]. Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya. Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith. Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa",<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC. [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta fafata a Croydon a Wasannin Ma {{Databox}} tasa na London . <ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye . Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Footer Universiade Champions 400m Hurdles Women}}{{British Athletics Championships women's 400 metres hurdles champions}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cnm9nsc6oyq7o0rgpklg7x0k1juvtwh 827058 827056 2026-04-27T11:36:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 827058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma [[Ingila]] daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade. A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]]. Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya. Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith. Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa",<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC. [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta fafata a Croydon a Wasannin Ma {{Databox}} tasa na London.<ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye . Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Footer Universiade Champions 400m Hurdles Women}}{{British Athletics Championships women's 400 metres hurdles champions}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5xqrhp17ap8d7xasxulgpaxhh37cv71 827059 827058 2026-04-27T11:36:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 827059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma [[Ingila]] daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade. A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]]. Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya. Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith. Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa",<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC. [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta fafata a Croydon a Wasannin Ma tasa na London.<ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye . Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Footer Universiade Champions 400m Hurdles Women}}{{British Athletics Championships women's 400 metres hurdles champions}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jfsgxq26h761f5q8uxcwy67jjrubk4s 827061 827059 2026-04-27T11:37:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 827061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma [[Ingila]] daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade. A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]]. Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya. Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith. Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa",<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC. [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta fafata a Croydon a Wasannin Ma tasa na London.<ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye . Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 611l8ddjp5e7tr1tynuva0c79rx9fye 827062 827061 2026-04-27T11:37:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 827062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma [[Ingila]] daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade. A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]]. Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya. Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith. Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa",<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC. [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta fafata a Croydon a Wasannin Ma tasa na London.<ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye . Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rv7uvu9qqhn9g8o8stlgosyhgco74rr 827064 827062 2026-04-27T11:38:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 827064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tasha De'Anka Danvers''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) ta kasance 'yar wasan [[Gasar Olympic|Olympic]] ce ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wacce ta kammala a matsayi na uku a tseren mita 400 a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An haife ta ne a [[Landan]] ga 'yan wasa biyu, Dorrett McKoy da Donald Danvers, wadanda dukansu suka koma [[Ingila]] daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] tun suna yara. == Ayyukan wasanni == A shekara ta 1999, ta wakilci Burtaniya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni tare da lokaci na 56.66 seconds a cikin zafi. Wannan ya kasa ganin ta cancanci ta hanyar zagaye; duk da haka ya ba ta kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda ta ci gaba zuwa shekara mai zuwa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000. A lokacin da take da shekaru 23, Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na wasanta na farko na Olympics, ta kammala a matsayi na 8, bayan ta fita da wuya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43NN_BlK0FM |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe tseren mita 400 a 2001 Summer Universiade. A shekara ta 2002, ta halarci wasanta na farko na Commonwealth, a [[Manchester]]. Ta kammala ta 7 a wasan karshe, a bayan mai nasara Jana Pittman na Ostiraliya. Wata 'yar wasa da za ta hadu a nan gaba, Melaine Walker na [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ta gama a matsayi na 4. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma kammala a matsayi na 7 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002. A shekara ta 2003, ta auri Kocin ta, Darrell Smith, dan dan wasan mai horar da tsere John Smith. Daga wannan kakar, an kira ta Tasha Danvers-Smith. Danvers ta koma ga sunan budurwa a shekara ta 2008; ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa. [[Fayil:Dina Asher Smith and Tash Danvers.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers tare da wasu ]] Danvers-Smith ta rasa wasanta ta biyu a gasar Olympics, saboda ta dauki lokaci don [[Jego|haihuwa]]. Mutane da yawa sun soki wannan, ciki har da dan wasan Olympics na [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] Alan Pascoe, wanda ya kira ta "wawa",<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080822120247/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2591417/Britains-Tasha-Danvers-wins-400m-hurdles-bronze---Olympics.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> kamar yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tunanin ba za ta sake komawa wasan motsa jiki ba. Ta dawo a shekara ta 2006 don daukar lambar azurfa a Wasannin Commonwealth, a bayan Pittman, da kuma matsayi na bakwai a wasan karshe na Gasar Turai. A karshen wannan shekara, ta kai matsayi na 6 a cikin matsayi na IAAF. Yayinda yake fafatawa da Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC), Danvers ya lashe lambobin taron Pac-10 da yawa kuma ya fafata a abubuwan da suka faru da yawa ciki har da tsalle mai tsayi da kuma shingen mita 100. Tasha ta lashe lambar yabo ta NCAA a shekara ta 2000 a shekara ta biyu a matsayin kyaftin din Mata na Troy . Tana rike da rikodin makarantar USC a cikin shingen 400 da kuma a kan tseren mita 4x400 yayin da take nunawa a saman 10 a cikin shinge na mita 100 da tsalle mai tsawo. Bayan wasannin Olympics na Sydney, ta koma Los Angeles don kammala digiri a Kasuwancin Kida kuma ta shiga kungiyar horar da HSI. A watan Fabrairun 2007, an shigar da Danvers cikin Hall of Fame na USC. [[Fayil:DanversTasha.jpg|thumb|Tasha Danvers]] Komawa zuwa fagen duniya a shekara ta 2006, Danvers ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta duniya a wasannin Commonwealth na Melbourne, azurfa. Ta kare lokacin rani a matsayin mai tsere na shida a duniya, ta shirya mataki don lokutan 2007 da 2008, kuma ta dawo da matsayinta a matsayin mai shiga 400 m na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2007 Danvers ta yi wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, a cikin mafi kyawun mutum, 54.08 s. Ta zana hanyar 2 a wasan karshe kuma ta dauki 8th, amma ta gama kakar tare da tseren tseren tsere mai karfi bayan Osaka, ta kammala kakar da aka zaba lamba 10 ta Track and Field News. Ta kasance lambar Burtaniya ta farko a shekara ta biyu a jere. A shekara ta 2008, lokacin wasan Danvers ya fara da mummunar matsala. Tana da matsalolin Achilles, kuma ta tsage ƙashin kanta a lokacin horo na farko daga raunin Achilles tendon. A gasar zakarun Burtaniya ta wannan shekarar ta yi rikodin lokaci mai bankyama na 57.00 s, ta kammala a matsayi na 2 da ke kasa da mafi kyawunta. Matashiyar 'yar wasa Perri Shakes Drayton ce ta lashe tseren. Lokacin da aka sanar da tawagar Olympics a mako mai zuwa, mutane da yawa [wadanda?] sun soki zabin Danvers, saboda Shakes Drayton ta kasance mai ingantaccen dan wasa, kuma Danvers, a cikin ra'ayoyin mutane da yawa, ya kai ga mafi girma.   Koyaya, Danvers ta halarci Wasannin Olympics, ta lashe zafinta, kuma ta kammala ta 2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, kasancewar ta 4th mafi sauri don wasan karshe na 400 m. Danvers ya kasance a cikin layin 7, daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so Tiffany Ross Williams. Lokacin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta karshe, Danvers ta sami kanta a matsayi na 3. Wani bangare na tseren da ya kasance bala'i a gare ta a baya, ya zama kamar yana goyon bayanta, yayin da ta shiga madaidaiciya ta rufe dan wasan da ke gabanta. Ta lashe lambar tagulla a wasan karshe, tare da mafi kyawun 53.84s, a bayan Melaine Walker na Jamaica da Sheena Tosta na Amurka. Danvers ya rasa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni saboda rauni. A shekara ta 2010, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasannin Matasa na London . A watan Yunin 2012, Danvers ya yi ritaya saboda jerin matsalolin rauni. == Sauran == Danvers mai zane ne kuma memba ne na Art of the Olympians (AOTO). Ta fara raira waka tun tana karama, kuma a halin yanzu tana fentin zane-zane. Ayyukanta suna sayarwa a Ita ma mai magana ne na jama'a, koci da mai horar da mutum, tare da zama sanannen samfurin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |website=tashadanvers.com |access-date=2024-07-20 |archive-date=2010-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725122458/http://www.tashadanvers.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> tasa na London.<ref>http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307230906/http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame |date=2013-03-07 }} Hall of Fame retrieved 19 February 2013</ref> Ta kuma kasance a cikin BBC's A Question of Sport .A watan Yunin 2015 Danvers ya bayyana a matsayin mai takara a shirin talabijin na Amurka Bullseye. Ta kai matakin karshe, amma ta kasa cin nasara lokacin da ta mirgine wasanni anayi da kallo kuma motar ta. == Ayyuka a Manyan Wasannin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" ! rowspan="2" |Gasar cin kofin ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semi-final ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.22 s | align="center" |6 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.68 | align="center" | | align="center" |54.95 | align="center" | | align="center" |55.00 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2000 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.28 | align="center" |1* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:25.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.36 | align="center" |4 | colspan="4" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2001 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:25.25 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.94 | align="center" |5 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2002 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.55 | align="center" |4 | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |56.93 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |56.02 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |55.48 | align="center" |7 | colspan="2" align="center" style="background: honeydew" |Bai ci gaba ba |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003 |4 × 400 m Maida hankali | align="center" |3:26.44 | align="center" |2* | colspan="2" style="background: wheat" | | align="center" |3:26.67 | align="center" |6 |- |Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2006 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.64 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |55.17 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |55.56 | align="center" |7 |- |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007 |400m Hurdles | align="center" |55.67 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |54.08 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |54.94 | align="center" |8 |- |Wasannin Olympics na 2008 |400 m shingen | align="center" |55.19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |54.31 | align="center" |2 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |53.84 | style="text-align: center; background: #cc9966" |[[Fayil:Bronze_medal_icon.svg]] |- |} * Danvers kawai sun yi gasa a wasan karshe, kuma ba su gudu a cikin zafi ba. === Kyautar Mutum === ; Alamar Mafi Kyawu : 300 m, 37.80 (2000) : 400 m, 52.89 (2008) : 100 m shingen, 12.96 (2003) : 400 m shingen, 53.84 (2008) : Tsalle mai tsawo, 1.82 m 1998) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ay0ty6bwamhjkhjv3gxh36tqcsxi7og 0 88137 826715 611492 2026-04-26T17:22:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Evan Alan Wright''' (Disamba 12, 1964 - Yuli 12, 2024) marubuci Ba'amurke ne, wanda aka sani da rahotonsa game da ƙananan al'adun gargajiya na Rolling Stone da Vanity Fair.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100325031226/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,108848,00.html</ref> An fi saninsa da littafinsa na Yaƙin Iraki, Kisan Ƙarfafa (2004).Ya kuma rubuta fallasa game da wani babban jami'in CIA wanda ake zargin ya yi aiki a matsayin dan wasan Mafia, Yadda za a rabu da Kisa a Amurka (2012).<ref>https://www.wired.com/2012/06/cia/</ref>Ko da yake wasu suna kwatanta rubuce-rubucensa da na Hunter S. Thompson, Wright ya yi iƙirarin cewa manyan tasirinsa na adabi su ne marubuta Mark Twain da Christopher Isherwood.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121104210129/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-ca-evan-wright5-2009apr05,0,3141348,full.story</ref>Jaridar New York Times ta kira rubuce-rubucen sojan nasa "nau'i-nau'i da tushe a cikin cikakkun bayanai sau da yawa ana yin watsi da su a cikin asusun jarida na yau da kullun" kuma ya lura da yadda ya yi amfani da "barkwancin gallows".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times</ref> ==Tarihin Rayuwa== An haifi Wright a Cleveland, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]], a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 1964,<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/16/us/evan-wright-generation-kill-dead.html</ref> kuma ya girma a Willoughby, Ohio.Duk iyayensa duka lauyoyi ne.Mahaifinsa shi ne mai gabatar da kara, sannan babban lauyan mai amfani.Wright ya halarci Makarantar Hawken,<ref>http://www.cleveland.com/pdq/index.ssf/2011/12/ten_minutes_with_evan_wright_a.html</ref> amma an kore shi saboda sayar da cannabis kuma an aika shi zuwa gida don masu laifin yara da ake kira The Seed.Ya koma Hawken kuma ya yi wasan karshe na muhawarar jiha a makarantar sakandare. Wright yayi karatu a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins da kuma Kwalejin Vassar; Ya sauke karatu daga Vassar tare da digiri a cikin tarihi na tsakiyar zamanai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.citypaper.com/arts/story.asp?id=8553 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-11-26 |archive-date=2012-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302065721/http://www2.citypaper.com/arts/story.asp?id=8553 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Aikin da ya fara rubutawa shi ne yin hira da shugaban siyasar [[Afirka ta Kudu]] Mangosuthu Buthelezi, amma ga wata karamar mujalla da ba ta biya ba. Wright ya mutu ta hanyar kashe kansa ta hanyar bindiga a gidansa da ke [[Los Angeles]] a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 59.<ref>https://me.lacounty.gov/case-detail/?caseNumber=2024-11120</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2024]] 4ll2uj01ylxvkwrxukyo421qtq3u7h1 0 89705 826741 723673 2026-04-26T18:58:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fadillah Nur Rahman''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2002) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Indonesia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Matura United === Fadillah ya sanya hannu tare da Matura United don yin wasa a cikin Lig 1 na Indonesiya don kakar 2020. for <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fadilah Nur Rahman Merasa Beruntung Bergabung dengan Madura United |url=https://liga1.skor.id/fadilah-nur-rahman-merasa-beruntung-bergabung-dengan-madura-united-01349419 |access-date=2020-08-29 |website=liga1.skor.id }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An dakatar da wannan kakar a ranar 27 ga Maris 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19. An watsar da kakar kuma an ayyana shi mara amfani a ranar 20 ga Janairun 2021. Ya fara wasan farko a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 2022 a wasan da ya yi da Persela Lamongan a Filin wasa na Ngurah Rai, Denpasar . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hasil Liga 1 Madura United vs Persela |url=https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20220205/hasil-liga-1-madura-united-vs-persela |access-date=2022-02-05 |website=indosport.com |archive-date=2022-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207234615/https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20220205/hasil-liga-1-madura-united-vs-persela |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Kalteng Putra (loan) ==== A cikin 2021, Fadillah ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da kungiyar Kalteng Putra ta Ligue 2 ta Indonesia . Ya fara buga wasan farko a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 2021 a wasan da ya yi da Persewar Waropen a Filin wasa na Batakan, Balikpapan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2021 |title=Hasil Liga 2 Persewar vs Kalteng Putra |url=https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20211110/hasil-liga-2-persewar-vs-kalteng-putra-mutiara-bakau-menang-comeback |access-date=10 November 2021 |publisher=indosport.com |archive-date=3 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203224453/https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20211110/hasil-liga-2-persewar-vs-kalteng-putra-mutiara-bakau-menang-comeback |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Fadillah na daga cikin tawagar Indonesia U-16 wacce ta lashe gasar zakarun matasa ta AFF U-16 ta shekara ta 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2018 |title=23 Pemain Mulai Beradaptasi di TC Malaysia |url=https://www.pssi.org/news/23-pemain-mulai-beradaptasi-di-tc-malaysia |access-date=30 July 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {{Updated|6 February 2024.}}<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/fadillah-nur-rahman/705057/|title=Indonesia - F. Rahman - Profile with news, career statistics and history|website=Soccerway|accessdate=5 February 2022}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="2" |Matura United |2021–22 | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Lig 1 |4 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |4 |0 |- |2022–23 |Lig 1 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |1 |0 |- | rowspan="1" |Kalteng Putra (loan) |2021 | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Ligue 2 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |1 |0 |- | rowspan="1" |PSPS Riau |2023–24 | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Ligue 2 |7 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |7 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !13 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !13 !0 |} ; Bayani<nowiki>.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</nowiki> == Daraja == === Kasashen Duniya === ; Indonesia U-16 * JENESYS Japan-ASEAN U-16 Gasar kwallon kafa ta matasa: 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Timnas Indonesia U-16 Juara Turnamen Jenesys 2018 {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/id/berita/timnas-indonesia-u-16-juara-turnamen-jenesys-2018/1m0uxc1t4c23b1uj9wlsn4u2m3 |access-date=2019-08-15 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> * Gasar Zakarun Matasa ta AFF U-16: 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harley Ikhsan |date=11 August 2018 |title=Sejarah, Timnas Indonesia Juara Piala AFF U-16 2018 |trans-title=History, Indonesian National Team Champion of 2018 AFF U-16 Cup |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/3616534/sejarah-timnas-indonesia-juara-piala-aff-u-16-2018 |access-date=12 August 2018 |publisher=Liputan6 |language=Indonesian}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Soccerway|fadillah-nur-rahman/705057}} * [https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/clubs/singleplayer/bri_liga_1_2021-2022/fadilah_nur_rahman Fadillah Nur Rahman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226000921/https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/clubs/singleplayer/bri_liga_1_2021-2022/fadilah_nur_rahman |date=2024-12-26 }} a Liga Indonesia (a cikin Indonesian) [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] j14h53d362nfjd74fdwaa1974een47i 0 90297 826654 565286 2026-04-26T13:47:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emeka Martins Chinedu''' ɗan siyasan [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ne. A halin yanzu mamba ne mai wakiltar mazaɓar tarayya ta Ahiazu Mbaise/Ezinihitte a [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/118 |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=nass.gov.ng}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Chinedu-Emeka-Martins-2176 |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=orderpaper.ng }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Emeka Martins Chinedu a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun 1965. <ref name=":0"/> == Aikin siyasa == A zaɓen majalisar wakilai na shekarar 2023, ya sake tsayawa takara a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar [[Peoples Democratic Party]] (PDP) don sake lashe zaɓen karo na biyu a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar tarayya ta Ahiazu Mbaise/Ezinihitte. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/emeka-martins-chinedu |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=olufemiajasa |date=2023-11-05 |title=Appeal Court affirms election of Chinedu as Imo PDP Rep |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/11/appeal-court-affirms-election-of-chinedu-as-imo-pdp-rep/amp/ |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya zuwa ranar 5 ga watan Disamba, 2024, ya ɗauki nauyin kudirori huɗu wadanda suka tsallake karatu na farko a majalisar dokokin ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-06 |title=Hon. Emeka Chinedu Pushes Four Key Bills Through First Reading |url=https://theworldsatellite.com/2024/12/06/hon-emeka-chinedu-pushes-four-key-bills-through-first-reading/ |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai a [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|babban birnin tarayya]] (FCT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=Hon. Emeka Chinedu: Honouring A Visionary Leader's Birthday |url=https://theworldsatellite.com/2024/02/02/rt-hon-emeka-chinedu-honouring-a-visionary-leaders-birthday/ |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kalubale na shari'a da nasara == A ranar 7 ga watan Satumba, 2023, wata kotun ɗaukaka ƙara da ke zamanta a Legas ta tabbatar da nasarar Emeka Chinedu a zaɓen, inda ta yi watsi da ɗaukaka ƙarar Darlington Amaechi na [[Nigeria Labour Party|jam’iyyar Labour]] (LP) da Nnanna Igbokwe na jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress]] (APC), bisa dalilan cewa ba ta samu ba cancanta da hukumci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=TheCable |date=2023-11-04 |title=Appeal court affirms Emeka Chinedu winner of Imo reps seat |url=https://www.thecable.ng/appeal-court-affirms-emeka-chinedu-winner-of-imo-reps-seat/ |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Reps Seat: Appeal Court Declares Venue Of Imo PDP Primaries Valid, Affirms Emeka Chinedu's Election – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/11/05/reps-seat-appeal-court-declares-venue-of-imo-pdp-primaries-valid-affirms-emeka-chinedus-election/ |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=ThisDay}}</ref> Tun da farko a shekarar 2019, kotun sauraron ƙararrakin zaɓe da ke zama a Owerri ta yi watsi da ƙarar da Nnanna Igbokwe na jam’iyyar APC ya shigar kan Emeka Chinedu a zaɓen mazaɓar tarayya na Ezinihitte Mbaise/Ahiazu Mbaise, bisa dalilan da ya sa bai cancanta ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-04 |title=Imo: Tribunal dismisses petition against Reps member - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/imo-tribunal-dismisses-petition-against-reps-member/ |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] kzqgblw1jt6ytfs9y9kzaa4uhyrgv48 0 92992 826650 742259 2026-04-26T12:54:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ellen Henrietta Swallow Richards''' (née Swallow; Disamba 3, 1842 - Maris 30, 1911) ta kasance injiniya ce ta masana'antu da tsaro ta Amurka, likitan muhalli, '''Ruwa''' memba na jami'a a Amurka a cikin karni na 19. Ayyukanta na farko a cikin aikin injiniya na tsabta, da bincike na gwaji a kimiyyar cikin gida, sun kafa tushe ga sabon kimiyyar tattalin arziƙin gida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 7, 1991 |title=Richards, Ellen Swallow, Residence |url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2135&ResourceType=Building |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011063112/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2135&ResourceType=Building |archive-date=October 11, 2012 |access-date=2013-09-04 |publisher=[[National Historic Landmarks Program]]}}</ref> Ita ce ta kafa ƙungiyar tattalin arzikin gida wacce aka kwatanta da aikace-aikacen kimiyya a gida, kuma ta farko da ta yi amfani da ilmin sunadarai don nazarin abinci mai gina jiki. Richards graduated from Westford Academy (second oldest secondary ssamu chool in Massachusetts) in 1862. She was the first woman admitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She graduated in 1873 and later became its first female instructor. Richards was the first woman in America accepted to any school of science and technology, and the first American woman to obtain a degree in [[Kimiyya|chemistry]], which she earned from Vassar College in 1870.<ref name="Profile"/> Richards ta kasance mai fafutukar mata, da kuma mai kafa Ecofeminist, wanda ya yi imanin cewa aikin mata a cikin gida wani muhimmin bangare ne na tattalin arziki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Richardson, Barbara |author-link=Barbara Richardson |year=2002 |title=Ellen Swallow Richards: 'Humanistic Oekologist,' 'Applied Sociologist,' and the Founding of Sociology |journal=American Sociologist |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=21&ndash;58 |doi=10.1007/s12108-002-1010-6 |s2cid=144939987}}</ref> A lokaci guda, duk da haka, ba ta kalubalanci kai tsaye ba addinin da ke da iko na gida wanda ke darajar matsayin mata da aiki a gida. == Tarihin rayuwa == === Yarintarta === [[Fayil:Ellen_Swallow_Richards.jpg|thumb|Miss Ellen Henrietta Swallow, c. 1864]] An haifi Richards a Dunstable, Massachusetts . Ita ce kaɗai yar Peter Swallow (an haife ta a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 1813, Dunstable; ta mutu a ranar Maris, 1871, Littleton, Massachusetts) da Fanny Gould Taylor (an haifi ta a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1817, New Ipswich, New Hampshire), dukansu biyu sun fito ne daga iyalai masu matsakaici kuma sun kasance masu imani da darajar ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dyball |first=Robert |title=Ellen Swallow Richards: Mother of Human Ecology? |url=http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n4068/pdf/article03.pdf |website=press-files.anu.edu.au}}</ref> === Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi === Swallow ta yi karatu a gida a farkon shekarunta. A shekara ta 1859 iyalin suka koma Westford kuma ta halarci Kwalejin Westford . Nazarin a makarantar ya haɗa da lissafi, abun da ke ciki, da Latin, kamar sauran makarantun New England na lokacin. Kwarewar Swallow ta Latin ta ba ta damar nazarin Faransanci da Jamusanci, yaren da ba a saba gani ba a arewacin New York. Saboda ƙwarewar harshe tana da buƙata sosai a matsayin malami, kuma kuɗin da aka samu daga wannan ya ba Swallow damar ci gaba da karatunta. [[Fayil:Old_Westford_Academy,_MA.jpg|thumb|Kwalejin Tsohon Westford]] A watan Maris na shekara ta 1862, ta bar makarantar. Watanni biyu bayan haka, a watan Mayu, ta kamu da [[Baƙondoro|kyanda]], wanda ya sa ta koma baya kuma ya katse shirye-shiryenta don fara koyarwa. [[Fayil:Ellen_Swallow_Richards_1848.jpg|thumb|Daguerreotype na Ellen Henrietta Swallow, c. 1848]] A cikin bazara na 1863, iyalin suka koma Littleton, Massachusetts, inda Mista Swallow ya sayi babban shago kuma ya fadada kasuwancinsa. A watan Yunin 1864, Swallow, yanzu ashirin da daya, ya ɗauki matsayin koyarwa. Ba ta sake koyarwa a 1865 ba amma ta shafe wannan shekarar tana kula da kantin sayar da iyali da kuma kula da mahaifiyarta mara lafiya. A lokacin hunturu na 1865-66, Swallow ya yi karatu kuma ya halarci laccoci a Worcester . === Ilimi na kwaleji === A watan Satumbar 1868, Swallow ya shiga Kwalejin Vassar, an rarraba shi a matsayin dalibi na musamman. Bayan wani shekara guda, an shigar da ita cikin babban aji, ta kammala a 1870 tare da digiri na farko. Daga nan sai ta sami digiri na Master of Art tare da rubutun kan nazarin sunadarai na ƙarfe. Tasirin mutum mafi karfi a lokacin shekarunta na kwaleji sune [[Maria Mitchell]], masanin taurari, da Farfesa Charles S. Farrar (1826-1908 <ref name="FarrarVassar">{{Cite web |last=Vassar Historian |title=Charles Farrar |url=http://vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu/faculty/original-faculty/charles-farrar.html |access-date=26 August 2013 |website=Vassar Encyclopedia}}</ref>), wanda ke kan shugaban Sashen Kimiyya da Lissafi.   A shekara ta 1870, ta rubuta wa Merrick da Gray, masana kimiyyar kasuwanci a Boston, suna tambayar idan za su dauke ta a matsayin mai koyo. Sun amsa cewa ba su da damar daukar dalibai kuma cewa mafi kyawun hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce ta yi ƙoƙari ta shiga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Boston a matsayin daliba.A ranar 10 ga Disamba, 1870, bayan wasu tattaunawa da kuri'a, Ma'aikatar Cibiyar Fasaha ta ba da shawarar ga Kamfanin MIT shigar da Swallow a matsayin dalibi na musamman a ilmin sunadarai.<ref name="Hunt" /> Swallow ta zama mace ta farko da aka shigar a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, kodayake kamfanin ya bayyana a fili cewa "shigar da ita ba ta kafa misali ga shigar da mata ba, " bisa ga bayanan taron kamfanin a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1870.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellen Swallow Richards & MIT: Institute Archives & Special Collections: MIT |url=http://libraries.mit.edu/archives/exhibits/esr/esr-mit.html#corp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704031416/https://libraries.mit.edu/archives/exhibits/esr/esr-mit.html#corp |archive-date=2019-07-04 |access-date=2005-03-07}}</ref>A shekara ta 1873, Swallow ta sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya daga MIT don rubutun ta, "Notes on Some Sulpharsenites and Sulphantimonites from Colorado". Ta ci gaba da karatunta a MIT kuma za a ba ta digiri na farko, amma MIT ta ki bayar da wannan bambanci ga mace kuma ba ta ba da digiri na farko ba, Master of Science a ilmin sunadarai, har zuwa 1886. <ref name="Hunt" /> Richards ya yi aiki a cikin kwamitin amintattu na Kwalejin Vassar na shekaru da yawa kuma an ba shi digiri na likita na kimiyya a 1910. === Aure da gida === [[Fayil:Ellen_Swallow_Richards_1904.jpg|thumb|Robert da Ellen Richards, 1904]] A ranar 4 ga Yuni, 1875, Swallow ta auri Robert Hallowell Richards (1844-1945), shugaban Sashen Injiniyan Mine a MIT, wanda ta yi aiki tare da shi a dakin gwaje-gwaje na mineralogy. Sun zauna a Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. Tare da goyon bayan mijinta ta ci gaba da kasancewa tare da MIT, ta ba da gudummawa ga ayyukanta kuma ta ba da kyautar $ 1,000 a kowace shekara ga "Laboratori na Mata," shirin da ɗalibanta galibi malamai ne a makaranta, waɗanda horarwarsu ba ta da aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, kuma waɗanda suke so su yi gwaje-gwagwarmayar sunadarai da koyon ilimin ma'adanai.<ref name="Profile"/> Ayyukanta na farko bayan kwaleji ya kasance a matsayin malamin ilmin sunadarai da ba a biya ba a MIT daga 1873 zuwa 1878. [[Fayil:Lawrence_Experiment_Station_-_DSC03522.JPG|right|thumb|2011 ƙari zuwa Lawrence Experiment StationTashar Gwaje-gwaje ta Lawrence]] Daga 1884 har zuwa mutuwarta, Swallow yanzu Richards malami ne a sabon dakin gwaje-gwaje na ilmin sunadarai a Lawrence Experiment Station, na farko a Amurka, karkashin jagorancin tsohon farfesa William R. Nichols. Misis Richards ta kasance likitan sunadarai ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Jihar Massachusetts daga 1872 zuwa 1875, kuma mai nazarin ruwa na Commonwealth daga 1887 har zuwa 1897. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellen H. Swallow Richards (1842–1911) - American Chemical Society |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/women-scientists/ellen-h-swallow-richards.html |access-date=2016-11-02 |website=American Chemical Society}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin gwani mai gina jiki ga Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka. == Gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya == === Iska da ingancin ruwa === A cikin shekarun 1880, sha'awarta ta juya zuwa ga batutuwan tsafta, musamman iska da ingancin ruwa. A buƙatar Hukumar Lafiya ta Jihar Massachusetts ta yi jerin gwaje-gwaje na ruwa a kan samfurori 40,000 na ruwan gida wanda ya zama ruwan sha ga jama'ar su.<ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=June 2016 |title=Ellen H. Swallow Richards |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/ellen-h-swallow-richards |access-date=21 March 2018 |website=Science History Institute}}</ref> Wadannan sun haifar da abin da ake kira "Richards' Normal Chlorine Map" wanda ya nuna tsinkaye na gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin jihar Massachusetts. Wannan taswirar ta tsara yawan chloride a cikin ruwan jihar. Ya kwatanta rarrabawar halitta na chlorides daga teku. (Binciken da ta yi ya riga ya wuce aikin de-icing na hanya tare da gishiri mai tsada na chlorine.) Taswirarta ta shirya fiye da kashi 6.5 a kowace miliyan (ppm) na chloride kusa da bakin tekun, tare da maida hankali na Cape Cod da yawa fiye da 10 ppm kuma tare da raguwar raguwa zuwa ƙasa da 1 ppm game da Berkshire Hills a ƙarshen yammacin jihar. Ta haka ne ruwan da ke da tarin chloride wanda ya kauce daga makircin za a iya zargin gurɓataccen mutum. A sakamakon haka, Massachusetts ta kafa ka'idojin ingancin ruwa na farko a Amurka, kuma an kirkiro masana'antar tsabtace ruwa ta zamani ta farko a Lowell, Massachusetts. <ref name="Profile" /> === Ilimin ma'adinai === Rubutun mashahurin Richards a Vassar shine bincike game da adadin vanadium a cikin ma'adinin ƙarfe. Ta yi gwaje-gwaje da yawa a cikin ilimin ma'adinai, gami da gano wani ragowar ma'adinin samarskite. Daga baya wasu masana kimiyya suka ƙaddara wannan don samar da samarium da gadolinium. A shekara ta 1879 Cibiyar Nazarin Ma'adinai da Injiniyoyin Ma'adanai ta Amurka ta amince da ita a matsayin mace ta farko. === Tsabtace gida === Richards ta yi amfani da ilimin kimiyya a gida. Tun da mata ne ke da alhakin abinci mai gina jiki na gida da na iyali a lokacin, Richards ya ji cewa duk mata ya kamata a sami ilimi a kimiyya. Ta rubuta littattafai game da kimiyya don amfani a gida, kamar The Chemistry of Cooking and Cleaning, wanda aka buga a 1882. Littafinta Food Materials and Their Adulterations (1885) ya haifar da wucewar Dokar Abinci da Magunguna ta farko a Massachusetts. Ta yi amfani da gidanta a matsayin wani nau'in dakin gwaje-gwaje na gwaji don rayuwa mai lafiya ta hanyar kimiyya. Damuwa da ingancin iska a gidanta, ta koma daga dumama kwal da man dafa abinci zuwa gas. Ita da mijinta sun shigar da magoya baya don jawo iska daga gida zuwa waje don ƙirƙirar yanayin iska mai tsabta a cikin gida. Ta kuma tantance ingancin ruwa na rijiyar ta hanyar gwajin sinadarai, da kuma tabbatar da cewa ruwan da ba ya gurɓata ruwan sha. === Euthenics === Richards ya samo kalmar euthenics daga kalmar Helenanci Eutheneo, Εὐθηνέω (eu, da kyau; tushen tithemi, don haifar). Don kasancewa a cikin yanayi mai tasowa, don yalwa, don bunƙasa.- ''Demosthenes''. Don zama mai ƙarfi ko mai ƙarfi.- ''Herodotus''. Don zama mai ƙarfi a jiki.- ''[[Aristotle]]''. Kuma daga Girkanci Euthenia, Εὐθηνία. Kyakkyawan yanayin jiki: wadata, wadata mai kyau, wadata. - ''Herodotus'' . <ref name="EllenSwallowRichards" /> Sabanin Euthenia shine Penia - Πενία ("rashin lafiya" ko "[[talauci]]") mutum ne na talauci da bukata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PENIA - Greek Goddess or Spirit of Poverty |url=https://www.theoi.com/Daimon/Penia.html |website=www.theoi.com}}</ref> A cikin littafinta ''Euthenics: kimiyyar muhalli mai sarrafawa'' (1910), ta bayyana kalmar a matsayin inganta yanayin rayuwa, ta hanyar ƙoƙari mai hankali, don manufar tabbatar da ƙwararrun mutane. Tattaunawar da ta yi game da ainihin ma'anarta, rikice-rikice tare da kalmar eugenics, wanda ya biyo bayan [[Great Depression|Babban Mawuyacin hali]] da yaƙe-yaƙe na duniya guda biyu, suna daga cikin abubuwan da suka haifar da motsi da ba ya samun kudade da gaske, ko kuma kulawar da ake buƙata don haɗa tsarin karatu na dindindin, mai yawa kamar yadda Richards ya bayyana. Maimakon haka, fannoni daban-daban kamar Nazarin Yara sun zama ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan tsarin karatun. Martin Heggestad na Mann Library ya lura cewa:<blockquote> Farawa a kusa da 1920, duk da haka, masana tattalin arziki na gida sun saba zuwa wasu fannoni, kamar abinci mai gina jiki da masana'antu, wanda ya ba da ƙarin damar aiki, yayin da aka magance matsalolin kiwon lafiya a cikin kimiyyar wuya da kuma ayyukan jinya da kiwon lafiyar jama'a. Har ila yau, ci gaba a cikin tsabtace jama'a (alal misali, wadatar tsarin datti da na binciken abinci) ya haifar da raguwar cututtukan cututtuka masu yaduwa kuma ta haka ne raguwar buƙatar matakan da suka fi dacewa da gida waɗanda masana tattalin arziki na gida suka koyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HEARTH Library-Cornell University |url=http://hearth.library.cornell.edu/h/hearth/hygiene.html}}</ref></blockquote> === Ayyukan dakin gwaje-gwaje === Bayan kwarewarta ta farko a matsayin mai nazarin ruwa a karkashin Farfesa Nichols, Richards ta fara babban aiki mai zaman kansa a cikin ilmin sunadarai na tsabta, gami da gwajin ruwa, iska da abinci, da gwajin takardun bango da yadudduka don arsenic. A cikin 1878 da 1879 ta bincika adadi mai yawa na kayan masarufi na jihar. An buga sakamakon bincikenta a cikin rahoton shekara-shekara na farko na Hukumar Lafiya, Lunacy da Charity, wanda ya gaji Hukumar Lafiya ta baya. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kamfanin Inshora na Mutual Fire kuma a cikin 1900 ta rubuta littafin Air, Water, and Food from a Sanitary Standpoint, tare da AG Woodman . Sha'awarta ga muhalli ta kai ta ga gabatar da kalmar muhalli a cikin Turanci a kusa da 1892. Masanin kimiyyar halittu na Jamus Ernst Haeckel ne ya kirkiro kalmar don bayyana "gidan yanayi". Har ila yau, sha'awar Richards sun haɗa da amfani da ka'idodin kimiyya ga yanayin cikin gida, kamar [[Abinci mai gina jiki]], [[tufafi]], lafiyar jiki, da ingantaccen gudanar da gida, ƙirƙirar filin tattalin arzikin gida. "Wataƙila gaskiyar cewa ni ba mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ba ne kuma ban raina ayyukan mata ba amma ban yi iƙirarin cewa dama ce ta tsaftace kuma ta kula da dakin da kuma sutura abubuwa tana ba ni ƙaunatacce mafi ƙarfi fiye da wani abu, "ta rubuta wa iyayenta. Ta wallafa The Chemistry of Cooking and Cleaning: A Manual for House-keepers a 1881, ta tsara kuma ta nuna kayan abinci na misali, ta tsara darussan, da kuma shirya tarurruka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellen Swallow Richards: Rumford Kitchen: Institute Archives & Special Collections: MIT<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://libraries.mit.edu/archives/exhibits/esr/esr-rumford.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703210112/https://libraries.mit.edu/archives/exhibits/esr/esr-rumford.html |archive-date=2019-07-03 |access-date=2005-03-07}}</ref> == Ilimi na mata == === Mataimakin malami na dakin gwaje-gwaje na mata === Misis Richards ta bayyana a gaban Kungiyar Ilimi ta Mata ta Boston a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 1875, kuma a cikin wani adireshi, wanda ya yi tasiri sosai, ya gabatar da bukatun mata. Ta bayyana imanin cewa kwamitin gudanarwa na Cibiyar Fasaha za ta samar da sarari ga dakin gwaje-gwaje na mace idan kungiyar za ta samar le kudaden da ake bukata don kayan aiki, kayan aiki, da littattafai. Ta ce tallafin karatu zai zama dole. Kungiyar Ilimi ta Mata ta nada kwamitin don shiga tattaunawa tare da Cibiyar Fasaha, wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Laboratory na Mata na MIT a watan Nuwamba 1876. Cibiyar ta samar da karamin gini, wanda aka tsara don dakin motsa jiki, a matsayin wurin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Misis Richards ta zama mataimakiyar malama da ba a biya ta ba a 1879 a cikin nazarin sunadarai, ilmin sunadarai na masana'antu, ilimin ma'adinai, da ilimin halitta a karkashin Farfesa John M. Ordway . Kungiyar Ilimi ta Mata ta amince da tara kuɗi don sayen kayan aiki don dakin gwaje-gwaje.<ref name="Profile"/> Wani sabon gini, wanda cibiyar ta gina a 1883, ya tanadi sarari don amfani da dukkan daliban dakin gwaje-gwaje, mata da maza. An rufe dakin gwaje-gwaje na mata na asali kuma an rushe ginin.<ref name="Profile"/> A shekara ta 1884, an nada Mrs. Richards a matsayin Malami a fannin ilmin sunadarai a Cibiyar Fasaha kanta, matsayin da ta cika har zuwa lokacin mutuwarta. Baya ga ayyukanta na baiwa da aikin koyarwa, ita ma 'yar Dean of Women ce ba tare da lakabi ba. === Malamin makarantar sakandare ta Amurka === A watan Janairun 1876, Misis Richards ta fara doguwar dangantaka da makarantar sakandare ta farko ta Amurka, Society to Encourage Studies at Home, a matsayin malami, kuma ta haɓaka sashen kimiyya. A cikin 1886, wani sabon sashi da Richards ya inganta, Sanitary Science, Society ta kafa shi. Wannan ya kasance a lokacin da kayan gida da ke amfani da ruwa, gas, ko wutar lantarki suka zama ruwan dare, amma masu kula da gida ba su fahimci haɗarin ko matsalolin da ke tattare da amfani da waɗannan sabbin kayan aiki ba. Ta ga cewa ana buƙatar umarni kuma Society ta fara samar da bayanai game da yadda za a shirya gida a kan ka'idodin kimiyya na gaske. === Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jami'ar Amirka === [[Fayil:AAUW_Headquarters_by_Matthew_Bisanz.JPG|thumb|Hedikwatar AAUW a Washington DC]] Richards, Emily Fairbanks Talbot, da Marion Talbot (ɗalilin Jami'ar Boston na 1880) sun zama "mahaifiyar kafa" abin da zai zama Ƙungiyar Mata ta Jami'ar Amirka (AAUW) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History |url=http://history.aauw.org/ |access-date=13 April 2015 |website=AAUW.org |publisher=AAUW |archive-date=7 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207025716/https://history.aauw.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> lokacin da suka gayyaci wasu mata goma sha biyar da suka kammala karatun koleji zuwa taro a gidan Marion Talbot a Boston, a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1881. Kungiyar ta yi la'akari da wata kungiya inda mata masu karatun koleji za su haɗu don buɗe ƙofofin ilimi mafi girma ga wasu mata da kuma samun damar da za su iya horar da su. The Association of Collegiate Alumnae (ACA), kungiyar da ta riga ta AAUW, an kafa ta ne a hukumance a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 1882. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Association of Collegiate Alumnae Records |url=http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss323.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113520/http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss323.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=13 April 2015 |website=five colleges.edu |publisher=Five College Archives & Manuscript Collections}}</ref> === Makarantar Kimiyya ta Malamai === Lucretia Crocker, tare da kungiyoyin mata da sauran taimako a yankin Boston, sun kirkiro "[[Teachers' School of Science|Makarantar Kimiyya ta Malamai]]" a Back Bay a Sabon Gidan Tarihi na Boston. Tare da Mrs. Richards, Crocker ya kirkiro darasi na ilimin ma'adinai ga malamai. Masana kimiyya a yankin Boston sun ba da sabis na koyarwarsu ga makarantar, suna bawa malamai damar ɗaukar irin waɗannan darussan cikin sauƙi. === New England Kitchen na Boston === A ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1890, Richards ya haɗu da Mary Hinman Abel (1850-1938) don kafa New England Kitchen na Boston, a 142 Pleasant Street. Yin amfani da masu sa kai na yanayi mai sauƙi, sun yi gwaji da hanyoyin shirya abinci mafi arha, mai ɗanɗano da mai gina jiki. Shekaru bayan haka, Misis Richards, kanta, ta rubuta a cikin gabatarwarta ga wani ɓangare na littafin Rumford kitchen: No. 17, The Story of the New England Kitchen; Sashe na II; Nazarin tattalin arzikin zamantakewa, na Mary Abel: <blockquote>Labarin New England Kitchen ... yana da ban mamaki ga abubuwa biyu: sabon bayani mai mahimmanci wanda aka samu, sakamakon aikin yau da kullun na Kitchen, da kuma gajeren lokacin da ya isa ya sanya kamfanin a kan tushen kasuwanci. Yana da kyau a jaddada abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan nasarar, cewa darussan a kimiyyar zamantakewa da taimakon jama'a ba za a rasa su ba. Babban bangare na bashi ya kamata ... ga aikin Mrs. Abel mai wahala [.] [S]tarting the New England Kitchen ... ya kasance ... gwaji don tantance yanayin da ya ci nasara na shirya, ta hanyar kimiyya, daga kayan abinci masu rahusa, abinci mai gina jiki da mai ɗanɗano, wanda ya kamata ya sami buƙata a biyan farashi. Misis Abel ba tare da wata shakka ba za ta ba da babban asirin nasarar ta, cewa tana da duk abin da ya dace don gwaje-gwajen, ba tare da yin tunani game da farashin ba. ... A cikin New England Kitchen, zaɓin kayan aiki da kayan aiki da aikin ma'aikata sun kasance ba tare da ƙuntatawa ba. Ba tare da wannan 'yancin ci gaba da gwaje-gwaje ba kamar yadda ya zama mai hikima da hankali, ba za a iya samun sakamakon da aka tsara a cikin rahoton da ke biyowa ba. Ayyukan agaji na shirin sun kasance a matakin gwaji na ci gaban New England Kitchen. Ko kasuwancin zai iya kula da kansa a nan gaba don amfanin waɗanda ke gudanar da shi har yanzu ba za a iya gani ba; amma, a kowane hali, irin wannan abinci na iya zama mai fa'ida ga taron jama'a a cikin yanayi mai matsakaici, waɗanda har yanzu ba su iya siyan abinci mai kyau, mai gina jiki, da mai ɗanɗano ba. </blockquote> === Rumford Kitchen === [[Fayil:CountRumfordFrontispiece.jpg|thumb|Count Rumford frontispiece na Rumford Kitchen takardun]] A shekara ta 1893, lokacin da Richards ke kula da Rumford Kitchen a baje kolin duniya a Birnin Chicago, ta yarda da ƙarin aiki da alhakin shirya nune-nunen aikin Nazarin Gida. Bayanin buɗewa na ''Jagora ga Rumford Kitchen: Nunin da Jihar Massachusetts ta yi dangane da Ofishin Tsabtace da Tsaftar Tsafta'' ( Baje kolin Columbian na Duniya, Chicago, 1893) na Janar Francis A. Walker ya bayyana: <blockquote>Nunin da aka sani da Rumford Kitchen shine fitowar aikin, a cikin aikace-aikacen ka'idodin ilmin sunadarai ga kimiyyar dafa abinci, wanda Mrs. Robert H. Richards da Mrs. Dr. John J. Abel suka ci gaba da shekaru uku a matsayin hukumar ilimi, tare da taimakon kuɗi daga wasu 'yan ƙasa masu ruhun jama'a na Boston. Kwamitin Massachusetts na Manajojin Gidauniyar Duniya, ... gaskata cewa irin wannan nuni na amfani da kimiyyar cikin gida ba zai iya kasa zama da fa'ida ga yawancin baƙi zuwa baje kolin Columbian ba, sun gayyaci matan da aka ambata don buɗe Rumford Kitchen a matsayin wani ɓangare na nune-nunen Massachusetts dangane da Ofishin Kiwon Lafiya da Kiwon Lafiyar. Don rage, a wani mataki, kudaden wannan nune-nunen, za a sayar da abincin da aka dafa a Rumford Kitchen a ƙarƙashin izini daga gudanarwar nune-nunnun; amma ya kamata a fahimci cewa wannan ba nune-nsaye ba ne; cewa babu wani abu da aka dafa don a sayar da shi; kuma cewa za a dauki kamfanin a matsayin cikakkiyar kimiyya da ilimi. Dalilin nune-nunen a cikin Rumford Kitchen yana da sau biyu: Na farko, don tunawa da ayyukan da aka yi wa kimiyyar cikin gida wanda Count Rumford ya yi shekaru ɗari da suka gabata ... na biyu, don zama abin motsawa don ci gaba da aiki a cikin wannan hanya, kamar yadda ya bayyana, "don tayar da mutane don bincike, "don haifar da shakku, wannan mataki na farko zuwa ilimi".</blockquote>Gidan abinci na farko na "na zamani" ya fara bayyana game da 1800, sun kasance kirkirar wani Ba'amurke mai suna Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count von Rumford. Na farko, an fara babban shirin a wasu makarantun sakandare na Boston a cikin 1894 don samar da abinci mai gina jiki a farashi mai rahusa ga yara waɗanda ba za su iya samun su ba. Saboda babban bangare ga Ellen Richards da Edward Atkinson, New England Kitchen ta gudanar da shirin a matsayin 'kamfani mai zaman kansa' wanda ya biya kansa sau da yawa. Abincin rana bai taɓa zama kayan aiki masu tasiri don koyar da Sabon Abinci da masu kafa suka yi la'akari da shi ba. Amma, saboda shirin ya samar da abinci mai gina jiki yara ba za su samu ba, ya zama babban hujja ga irin wannan shirye-shiryen abincin rana a wasu birane." In 1946, President [[Harry S. Truman]] signed into law the National School Lunch Program to provide low-cost or free school lunch meals to qualified students through subsidies to schools.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2011 |title=National School Lunch Act, 1946 |url=http://federaleducationpolicy.wordpress.com/2011/02/19/1946-national-school-lunch-act/ |access-date=7 April 2020 |website=Federal Education Policy History}}</ref> The program was established as a way to prop up food prices by absorbing farm surpluses, while at the same time providing food to school age children. It was named after Richard Russell, Jr.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The National School Lunch Program Background and Development |url=http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Lunch/AboutLunch/ProgramHistory_4.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907005942/http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Lunch/AboutLunch/ProgramHistory_4.htm |archive-date=2013-09-07 |access-date=2013-09-04}}</ref> === Taron Lake Placid === A farkon watan Satumbar 1899, masu kula da Lake Placid Club (a cikin Adirondacks) sun yi tunanin lokaci ne da ya dace don tattara wadanda suka fi sha'awar kimiyyar gida, ko tattalin arzikin gida kuma sun aika da gayyata da yawa don taron Lake Placid da aka shirya don faruwa a Satumba 19-25, 1899.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weigley |first=Emma Seifrit |date=1974 |title=It Might Have Been Euthenics: The Lake Placid Conferences and the Home Economics Movement |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2711568 |journal=American Quarterly |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=79–96 |doi=10.2307/2711568 |issn=0003-0678}}</ref><ref name="Philippy 378–400">{{Cite journal |last=Philippy |first=David |date=September 2021 |title=ELLEN RICHARDS’S HOME ECONOMICS MOVEMENT AND THE BIRTH OF THE ECONOMICS OF CONSUMPTION |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1053837220000115/type/journal_article |journal=Journal of the History of Economic Thought |language=en |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=378–400 |doi=10.1017/S1053837220000115 |issn=1053-8372 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Collins |first=Nina |date=2002 |title=Domestic Sciences at Bradley Polytechnic Institute and the University of Chicago |journal=Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society |volume=95 |issue=3}}</ref> Melvil Dewey, daya daga cikin masu kula da kulob din, da kansa ya gayyaci Richards don halarta. Ta ba da lacca game da yanayin rayuwa kuma an zabe ta shugaban taron. === Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Amurka === A cikin 1908, an zabi Richards a matsayin shugaban farko na sabuwar kungiyar tattalin arzikin gida ta Amurka, <ref name="Philippy 378–400"/> wanda aka sake masa suna American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences a cikin 1994. Ta kuma kafa kuma ta ba da kuɗin jaridar kungiyar, Journal of Home Economics, wanda ya fara bugawa a cikin 1909. An sake masa suna Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences a 1994 lokacin da kungiyar ta canza sunanta. Littattafanta da rubuce-rubucenta a kan wannan batu sun haɗa da Kayan Abinci da Zubarinsu (1886); Tsaro ta Sanitation; The Chemistry of Cooking and Cleaning; The Cost of Living (1899); Air, Water, and Food (1900); The Cost of Food; The Cost for Shelter; The Art of Right Living; The Cost and Cleanness; Sanitation in Daily Life (1907); da Euthenics, the Science of Controllable Environment (1910). Wasu daga cikin wadannan sun wuce ta hanyar bugu da yawa. Richards ta mutu a ranar 30 ga Maris, 1911, a gidanta a Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, bayan ta sha wahala daga angina. An binne ta a makabartar iyali a Gardiner, Maine . == Kyauta == {{Reflist}} * Gidan Ellen Swallow Richards an sanya shi a matsayin Tarihin Tarihi na Kasa a shekarar 1992. * A cikin 1925, Kwalejin Vassar, wanda ke da tushe a kan ra'ayoyin tsohuwar Richards, ya fara tsarin karatun euthenics da ke cikin Minnie Cumnock Blodgett Hall of Euthenics da aka gina kwanan nan, wanda aka keɓe shi a hukumance a cikin 1929.<ref name="SummerInstitute">{{Cite web |last=Vassar Historian |title=The Vassar Summer Institute |url=http://vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu/organizations-events-activities/the-vassar-summer-institute.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304011536/http://vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu/organizations-events-activities/the-vassar-summer-institute.html |archive-date=4 March 2012 |access-date=26 August 2013 |website=Vassar Encyclopedia}}</ref> * A cikin girmamawarta, MIT ta sanya ɗaki a cikin babban ginin don amfani da ɗaliban mata kuma, a lokacin bikin cika shekaru ɗari na kammala karatun Richard a 1973, ta kafa farfesa Ellen Swallow Richards ga ƙwararrun mata. * A shekara ta 1993, an shigar da Richards cikin Hall of Fame na Mata na Kasa. * A shekara ta 2011, an lissafa ta a matsayin lamba takwas a cikin jerin [[MIT]]" id="mwAhw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="MIT150">MIT150 na manyan masu kirkiro 150 da ra'ayoyi daga MIT tare da layin tag, "Drink up", dangane da aikinta na tabbatar da amincin samar da ruwa na gida. * Ana tunawa da ita a kan Hanyar Tarihin Mata ta Boston . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Back Bay West |url=http://bwht.org/back-bay-west/ |website=Boston Women's Heritage Trail}}</ref> * Makarantar Firamare ta Swallow Union a garinsu na Dunstable, Massachusetts an sanya mata suna ne don girmama ta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swallow Union Elementary School |url=http://gdrsd.org/sues/about-us/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801121743/http://gdrsd.org/sues/about-us/ |archive-date=2018-08-01 |access-date=2018-04-25 |website=About Us - Swallow Union Elementary School}}</ref> == Ayyukan da aka zaɓa == *   *   *   *   *   * {{Cite web |last=Chapman |first=Sasha |date=30 March 2017 |title=The Woman Who Gave Us the Science of Normal Life |url=http://nautil.us/issue/46/balance/the-woman-who-gave-us-the-science-of-normal-life |access-date=24 March 2018 |website=Nautil.us |publisher=Nautilus |archive-date=22 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922163855/https://nautil.us/issue/46/Balance/the-woman-who-gave-us-the-science-of-normal-life |url-status=dead }} == Tarin rubuce-rubuce == Rubutun Richards suna ƙunshe a cikin tarin daban-daban a duk faɗin Amurka da kuma bayan haka. Baya ga waɗanda aka jera a ƙasa, ana iya samun rubuce-rubuce a cikin tarin da ke da alaƙa da kungiyoyin da Richards ke da alaka da su, kamar Ƙungiyar Amirka ta Kimiyya ta Iyali da Abokin Ciniki, waɗanda aka ajiye rubuce-rukuninsu a cikin tarin yawa a Jami'ar Cornell, Jami'ar Jihar Iowa, da sauransu.<ref name="MITMs">{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Collection on Ellen Swallow Richards, MC.0659 |url=https://libraries.mit.edu/archives/research/collections/collections-mc/pdf/mc659.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701173954/https://libraries.mit.edu/archives/research/collections/collections-mc/pdf/mc659.pdf |archive-date=2019-07-01 |access-date=2013-09-15 |publisher=MIT Institute Archives and Special Collections}}</ref><ref name="SmithCollegeMs">{{Cite web |title=Ellen Swallow Richards Papers, 1882-1910. |url=http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss59.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528115639/http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss59.html |archive-date=2013-05-28 |access-date=2013-09-15 |publisher=Five College Archives & Manuscript Collections}}</ref>{{Euthenics}}{{Public health}} == Manazarta == {{National Women's Hall of Fame}} === Tushen === == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite book}} * {{Cite book}} * {{Cite book}} * {{Cite book}} * Richards, Ellen (1906?). ''Meat and drink''. Boston: Health-Education League. * Richards, Ellen (c.1908). ''The Efficient worker''. Boston: Health-Education League. * Richards, Ellen (c.1908). ''Health in labor camps''. Boston: Health-Education League. * Richards, Ellen (1908 or 1909). ''Tonics and stimulants''. Boston: Health-Education League. * {{Cite book}} with Alpheus G. Woodman. * {{Cite book}} * Sumida, Kazuko, ed. (2007) ''Collected Works of Ellen H. Swallow Richards''. (5 vols.) Tokyo: Edition Synapse. {{ISBN|978-4-86166-048-1}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-4-86166-048-1|978-4-86166-048-1]] == Haɗin waje == {{Authority control}}  * Ellen Richards takardu daga Vassar An adana su 2013-10-16 a * [http://www.jphs.org/people/2005/4/14/ellen-swallow-richards-and-the-progressive-womens-reform-mov.html Ellen Swallow Richards da Cibiyar Juyin Juya Halin Mata] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041022123932/http://www.radford.edu/~wkovarik/hist1/richards.html Ellen Swallow Richards da ƙungiyar sake fasalin mata masu ci gaba] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131016122521/http://www.greatwomen.org/component/fabrik/details/2/122 Tarihin rayuwar Ellen Richards na Hall of Fame na Mata na Kasa] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/20/opinion/20sun2.html Ramuwar gayya ta Ellen Swallow] * Archived/exhibits/esr/esr-tributes.html" id="mwBNg" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Kyauta ga Ellen Swallow Richards An adana shi 2018-10-05 a * Works by Ellen Swallow RichardsaShirin Gutenberg * Works by or about Ellen Swallow Richardsa cikinTarihin Intanet * Works by Ellen Swallow RichardsaBude Laburaren * Ellen Henrietta Swallow Richards takardu a Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College Special Collections   [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1911]] [[Rukuni:Mata]] [[Rukuni:Matan Amurka]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qilhj8fv1l3taxy56zsc99rskixalqj 0 94140 826981 826631 2026-04-27T10:49:22Z Mahuta 11340 826981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lucy Elizabeth Fry''' (an haife ta ne acikin watan 13 Maris din shekara ta 1992<ref> name="Hollywood.com">{{Cite web |title=Lucy Fry |url=http://www.hollywood.com/celebrities/lucy-fry-59042261/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806141607/http://www.hollywood.com/celebrities/lucy-fry-59042261/ |archive-date=2017-08-06 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=Hollywood.com}}</ref> ) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta [[Austriya|Australiya]]. An san ta don nuna Zoey a cikin ''Hasken walƙiya'', Lyla a ''Mako: Tsibirin Asirin'', da Lissa Dragomir a cikin fim din ''Vampire Academy.'' An kuma jefa Fry a cikin miniseries na kashi takwas na Hulu ''11.22.63'' a matsayin Marina Oswald, matar Lee Harvey Oswald,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldberg |first=Lesley |date=7 April 2015 |title=Chris Cooper, Cherry Jones Set to Co-Star in Hulu's James Franco Starrer '11/22/63' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/chris-cooper-cherry-jones-set-786740 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |quote=Lucy Fry (Vampire Academy) is Marina Oswald, Lee Harvey Oswald's Russian wife.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bryant |first=Jacob |date=19 November 2015 |title=Watch: James Franco Stars in Hulu's '11.22.63' |url=https://variety.com/2015/digital/news/video-james-franco-11-22-63-stephen-king-jj-abrams-hulu-1201644710/ |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> kuma ta taka rawa a cikin jerin talabijin na tsoro na [[Australiya]] na cikin shekara ta 2016 ''Wolf Creek'' da Tikka a cikin fim din [[Netflix]] na cikin shekara ta 2017 ''Bright.'' Tun daga cikin shekara ta 2019, ta nuna Stella Gigante a cikin jerin Epix ''Godfather na Harlem''. == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:Lucy Fry 2014.jpg|thumb|Lucy Fry]] An haifi Fry a Wooloowin, Queensland, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] a cikin shekara ta 1992.<ref name="Hollywood.com">{{Cite web |title=Lucy Fry |url=http://www.hollywood.com/celebrities/lucy-fry-59042261/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806141607/http://www.hollywood.com/celebrities/lucy-fry-59042261/ |archive-date=2017-08-06 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=Hollywood.com}}</ref> Ta halarci Makarantar Grammar Girls na [[Brisbane]] a Brisbane, Queensland,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Glenn |year=2021 |title=BRISBANE GIRLS GRAMMAR SCHOOL ENROLMENTS INFORMATION [At a glance] |url=https://www.readkong.com/page/brisbane-girls-grammar-school-enrolments-information-8268975 |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=Brisbane Girls Grammar School |page=3 |via=ReadKong}}</ref> kuma ta fara karatun wasan kwaikwayo tun tana ƙarami, horo tare da kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na jiki na tushen Brisbane, Zen Zen Zo. A cikin shekara ta 2007, ta kasance ta zo ta biyu a cikin Binciken Model na Mujallar budurwa. == Sana'a == Ta yi bayyanar da ba a yarda da ita ba a wasan karshe na kakar 3 na H 2 O: Just Add Water, a cikin shekara ta 2010. Babban aikinta na farko a talabijin shine Zoey a cikin Hasken walƙiya. Daga nan sai ta ci gaba da yin wasa Lyla, ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyuka na mermaid, a cikin kakar 1 na Mako: Island of Secrets, a spin-off of H 2 O: Just Add Water . A cikin shekara ta 2014, ta sami babban matsayinta na farko na allo, kamar yadda Lissa Dragomir a ''Kwalejin Vampire''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trumbore |first=Dave |date=1 February 2013 |title=Vampire Academy: Blood Sisters to Star Zoey Deutch and Lucy Fry with Mark Waters Directing |url=https://collider.com/zoey-deutch-lucy-fry-vampire-academy-blood-sisters/ |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> da kuma azaman zuma a ''Yanzu Ƙara zuma.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Neala |date=4 August 2013 |title=Portia de Rossi, Hamish Blake – and maybe Ellen – bring a little Honey to Australian movie shoot |url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/movies/portia-de-rossi-hamish-blake-8212-and-maybe-ellen-8212-bring-a-little-honey-to-australian-movie-shoot/story-e6frfmvr-1226690727027 |access-date=23 April 2016 |publisher=[[News.com.au]]}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2015, Fry ya haɗu a cikin ''Haɗin Preppie'' gabanin Thomas Mann, yana wasa da rawar Alex.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Dennis |date=4 November 2015 |title=Film Review: 'The Preppie Connection' |url=https://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/the-preppie-connection-review-1201623869/ |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |quote=Much as he resents their snobbery, however, Toby can't help being attracted by the social magnetism of the school's leading "preppies," particularly brash ringleader Ellis (Logan Huffman) and his beautiful g.f. Alex (Lucy Fry), representing the moneyed elite of Manhattan and North Carolina, respectively.}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2016, ta fito a cikin fina-finan ''Mista Church'', tare da Eddie Murphy da Britt Robertson,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scheck |first=Frank |date=22 April 2016 |title='Mr. Church': Tribeca Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/mr-church-tribeca-review-887130 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> da kuma ''The Darkness'', tare da Kevin Bacon . Acikin wannan shekarar, ta taka rawar jagora Eve Thorogood a cikin miniseries na Australiya ''Wolf Creek.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newsome |first=Brad |date=12 May 2016 |title=Review: Wolf Creek the TV series emerges as an engrossing new chapter in the cult thriller's story |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/review-wolf-creek-the-tv-series-emerges-as-an-engrossing-new-chapter-in-the-cult-thrillers-story-20160512-gotllw.html |access-date=27 July 2016 |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> Ta kuma yi tauraro a cikin ''11.22.63'' tana wasa Marina, matar Lee Harvey Oswald.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=7 April 2015 |title=Chris Cooper & Others Join Hulu's '11/22/63' Cast; Director Set |url=https://deadline.com/2015/04/chris-cooper-11-22-63-hulu-kevin-macdonald-james-franco-1201405877/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> A cikin watan Oktoban shekara ta 2016, an jefa Fry a matsayin Tikka, wani matashin elf wanda ya mallaki iko akan sihirin sihiri, a cikin fim ɗin fantasy na cikin shekara ta 2017 ''Bright'' wanda taurari Will Smith da Joel Edgerton.<ref name="Bright">{{Cite web |last=Kit |first=Borys |date=11 October 2016 |title=David Ayer's 'Bright' Lands 'Mr. Church' Actress Lucy Fry (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/david-ayers-bright-lands-lucy-937362 |access-date=2 February 2017 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> A cikin watan Yulin shekara ta 2017, an jefa Fry don tauraro a matsayin Heidi a cikin fim ɗin ''Ta Bace'' tare da Eiza González.<ref name="Highway">{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr |date=12 July 2017 |title=David Ayer's 'Bright' Lands 'Mr. Church' Actress Lucy Fry (Exclusive) |url=https://deadline.com/2017/07/lucy-fry-eiza-gonzalez-josh-hartnett-blake-berris-highway-alexandra-mcguinness-1202127269/ |access-date=21 July 2017 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name="missing">{{Cite web |date=5 February 2019 |title=''She's Missing'': Alexandra McGuinness on her new movie |url=https://www.rte.ie/culture/2019/0204/1027423-shes-missing-alexandra-mcguinness-on-her-new-movie/ |access-date=22 February 2019 |publisher=Raidió Teilifís Éireann}}</ref> [[Fayil:Lucy Fry (35335289093).jpg|thumb|Lucy Fry]] A cikin Yuli 2019, ta shiga cikin simintin ''gyare-gyare na Ƙarshe'', ɗan wasan Ba'amurke da Biritaniya na Tim Kirkby, wanda ya dogara da wani labari ''na Ƙarshe'' na Howard Michael Gould.<ref name="Last Looks">{{Cite web |last=N'Duka |first=Amanda |date=15 July 2019 |title='Bright' Actress Lucy Fry Cast in Action Thriller 'Waldo' |url=https://deadline.com/2019/07/lucy-fry-mel-gibson-charlie-hunnam-waldo-1202646657/ |access-date=5 March 2020 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritman |first=Alex |date=30 June 2020 |title=Mel Gibson Has Busy Film Slate Despite Renewed Anti-Semitism Claim |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mel-gibson-has-busy-film-slate-renewed-anti-semitism-claim-1300903 |access-date=30 June 2020 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar, an gan ta a matsayin Stella Gigante a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na laifi ''Godfather na Harlem'', wanda aka fara a watan Satumba na 2019 akan Epix.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2019 |title=Interview with Godfather of Harlem's Lucy Fry |url=https://www.lofficielusa.com/film-tv/lucy-fry-editorial-interview-2019 |access-date=19 February 2020 |publisher=L'Officiel USA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=7 December 2022 |title='Godfather of Harlem' Season 3 Cast Includes Yul Vázquez |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/godfather-of-harlem-season-3-cast-yul-vazquez-1235192351/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> A cikin watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2020, an ba da sanarwar cewa za ta yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ''Night Teeth'' [[Netflix|na Netflix]] mai ban sha'awa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr |date=3 February 2020 |title=Netflix Sets Jorge Lendeborg Jr For Lead In 'Night Teeth'; Debby Ryan, Lucy Fry, Alfie Allen & Raúl Castillo Bring The Terror |url=https://deadline.com/2020/02/netflix-night-teeth-jorge-lendeborg-jr-debby-ryan-lucy-fry-alfie-allen-1202850158/ |access-date=19 February 2020 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> == Filmography == === Fim === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Take ! Matsayi ! class="unsortable" | Bayanan kula |- | 2014 | ''Vampire Academy'' | Lissa Dragomir | |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | ''Yanzu ƙara zuma'' | Honey Halloway | |- | ''Haɗin Preppie'' | Alex Hayes | |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | ''Mista Church'' | Poppy | Asalin suna ''Henry Joseph Church'' |- | ''Duhu'' | Stephanie Taylor asalin | Asalin suna ''6 Miranda Drive'' |- | 2017 | ''Mai haske'' | Tikka | Fim mai gudana kai tsaye <ref name="Bright"/> |- | 2019 | ''Ta Bace'' | Heidi | |- | 2021 | ''Hakora Dare'' | Zoe | Fim mai gudana kai tsaye <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=3 February 2020 |title=Netflix Sets Jorge Lendeborg Jr For Lead In 'Night Teeth;' Debby Ryan, Lucy Fry & Alfie Allen Bring The Terror |url=https://deadline.com/2020/02/netflix-night-teeth-jorge-lendeborg-jr-debby-ryan-lucy-fry-alfie-allen-1202850158/ |access-date=3 February 2020 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> |- | 2022 | ''Kallon Karshe'' | Jayne White | Asalin mai suna ''Waldo'' <ref name="Last Looks"/> |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Take ! Matsayi ! class="unsortable" | Bayanan kula |- | 2010 | ''H <nowiki><sub id="mwARQ">2</sub></nowiki> O: Kawai Ƙara Ruwa'' | dalibi a Graduation | Episode: "Graduation"; wanda ba a yarda da shi ba <ref name="net10">{{Cite web |title=Mako Mermaids – Lucy Fry |url=http://ten.com.au/tvshows/mako-8304.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909231930/http://ten.com.au/tvshows/mako-8304.htm |archive-date=9 September 2013 |access-date=9 August 2013}}</ref> |- | 2012 | ''Wurin Walƙiya'' | Zoey | Babban rawa |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 | ''Likitocin Reef'' | Josie | Episode: "Kashi Na Biyar" |- | ''Mako: Tsibirin Asirin'' | Lyla | Babban rawar (lokaci na 1) |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | ''11.22.63'' | Marina Oswald | Babban rawa |- | ''Wolf Creek'' | Hauwa Thorogood | Matsayin jagora<br /><br /><br /><br /> Kyautar Fangoria Chainsaw don Kyautar Jarumar TV (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Never mind Oscar, here's the 2017 Fangoria Chainsaw Awards Nominees Ballot! |url=http://www.fangoria.com/new/never-mind-oscar-heres-the-2017-fangoria-chainsaw-awards-nominees-ballot/ |access-date=14 February 2017 |website=Fangoria® |archive-date=6 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806233824/http://fangoria.com/new/never-mind-oscar-heres-the-2017-fangoria-chainsaw-awards-nominees-ballot/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 2019 - yanzu | ''Sunan mahaifi Harlem'' | Stella Gigante | Babban rawa |} === Bidiyon kiɗa === * Thirsty Merc (2010) na Tommy da Krista <ref name="net10"/> == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Aiki ! scope="col" | Matsayi |- | rowspan="3" | 2007 | ''Labarin Ruwa'' | Tsohon Mariner |- | ''Wasan Maze mai ban mamaki na Mr A'' | Suzie |- | ''Dole ne Nunin ya Ci gaba'' | Tsana |- | rowspan="4" | 2008 | ''Mafarkin Daren Tsakar Rani'' | Wannan be |- | ''Hotunan Wasa'' | Mai yin Roving |- | ''Tafiya mara ganuwa'' | Lucy |- | ''Ramalama'' | Mai Yin Jiki |- | rowspan="3" | 2009 | ''bakin teku'' | Serena |- | ''Ƙarni masu ƙirƙira'' | Kifin zaki |- | ''Sarki Oedipus'' | Manzo |- | 2010 | ''Jakar Bace'' | Mai yin Roving |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] 5j5nydu4cjs0hjwfkbm6p7if2yn8g8s 826983 826981 2026-04-27T10:50:04Z Mahuta 11340 826983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lucy Elizabeth Fry''' (an haife ta ne acikin watan 13 Maris din shekara ta 1992<ref> name="Hollywood.com">{{Cite web |title=Lucy Fry |url=http://www.hollywood.com/celebrities/lucy-fry-59042261/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806141607/http://www.hollywood.com/celebrities/lucy-fry-59042261/ |archive-date=2017-08-06 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=Hollywood.com}}</ref> ) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta [[Austriya|Australiya]]. An san ta don nuna Zoey a cikin ''Hasken walƙiya'', Lyla a ''Mako: Tsibirin Asirin'', da Lissa Dragomir a cikin fim din ''Vampire Academy.'' An kuma jefa Fry a cikin miniseries na kashi takwas na Hulu ''11.22.63'' a matsayin Marina Oswald, matar Lee Harvey Oswald,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldberg |first=Lesley |date=7 April 2015 |title=Chris Cooper, Cherry Jones Set to Co-Star in Hulu's James Franco Starrer '11/22/63' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/chris-cooper-cherry-jones-set-786740 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |quote=Lucy Fry (Vampire Academy) is Marina Oswald, Lee Harvey Oswald's Russian wife.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bryant |first=Jacob |date=19 November 2015 |title=Watch: James Franco Stars in Hulu's '11.22.63' |url=https://variety.com/2015/digital/news/video-james-franco-11-22-63-stephen-king-jj-abrams-hulu-1201644710/ |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> kuma ta taka rawa a cikin jerin talabijin na tsoro na Australiya na cikin shekara ta 2016 ''Wolf Creek'' da Tikka a cikin fim din [[Netflix]] na cikin shekara ta 2017 ''Bright.'' Tun daga cikin shekara ta 2019, ta nuna Stella Gigante a cikin jerin Epix ''Godfather na Harlem''. == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:Lucy Fry 2014.jpg|thumb|Lucy Fry]] An haifi Fry a Wooloowin, Queensland, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] a cikin shekara ta 1992.<ref name="Hollywood.com">{{Cite web |title=Lucy Fry |url=http://www.hollywood.com/celebrities/lucy-fry-59042261/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806141607/http://www.hollywood.com/celebrities/lucy-fry-59042261/ |archive-date=2017-08-06 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=Hollywood.com}}</ref> Ta halarci Makarantar Grammar Girls na [[Brisbane]] a Brisbane, Queensland,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Glenn |year=2021 |title=BRISBANE GIRLS GRAMMAR SCHOOL ENROLMENTS INFORMATION [At a glance] |url=https://www.readkong.com/page/brisbane-girls-grammar-school-enrolments-information-8268975 |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=Brisbane Girls Grammar School |page=3 |via=ReadKong}}</ref> kuma ta fara karatun wasan kwaikwayo tun tana ƙarami, horo tare da kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na jiki na tushen Brisbane, Zen Zen Zo. A cikin shekara ta 2007, ta kasance ta zo ta biyu a cikin Binciken Model na Mujallar budurwa. == Sana'a == Ta yi bayyanar da ba a yarda da ita ba a wasan ƙarshe na kakar 3 na H 2 O: Just Add Water, a cikin shekara ta 2010. Babban aikinta na farko a talabijin shine Zoey a cikin Hasken walƙiya. Daga nan sai ta ci gaba da yin wasa Lyla, ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyuka na mermaid, a cikin kakar 1 na Mako: Island of Secrets, a spin-off of H 2 O: Just Add Water . A cikin shekara ta 2014, ta sami babban matsayinta na farko na allo, kamar yadda Lissa Dragomir a ''Kwalejin Vampire''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trumbore |first=Dave |date=1 February 2013 |title=Vampire Academy: Blood Sisters to Star Zoey Deutch and Lucy Fry with Mark Waters Directing |url=https://collider.com/zoey-deutch-lucy-fry-vampire-academy-blood-sisters/ |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> da kuma azaman zuma a ''Yanzu Ƙara zuma.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Neala |date=4 August 2013 |title=Portia de Rossi, Hamish Blake – and maybe Ellen – bring a little Honey to Australian movie shoot |url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/movies/portia-de-rossi-hamish-blake-8212-and-maybe-ellen-8212-bring-a-little-honey-to-australian-movie-shoot/story-e6frfmvr-1226690727027 |access-date=23 April 2016 |publisher=[[News.com.au]]}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2015, Fry ya haɗu a cikin ''Haɗin Preppie'' gabanin Thomas Mann, yana wasa da rawar Alex.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Dennis |date=4 November 2015 |title=Film Review: 'The Preppie Connection' |url=https://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/the-preppie-connection-review-1201623869/ |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |quote=Much as he resents their snobbery, however, Toby can't help being attracted by the social magnetism of the school's leading "preppies," particularly brash ringleader Ellis (Logan Huffman) and his beautiful g.f. Alex (Lucy Fry), representing the moneyed elite of Manhattan and North Carolina, respectively.}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2016, ta fito a cikin fina-finan ''Mista Church'', tare da Eddie Murphy da Britt Robertson,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scheck |first=Frank |date=22 April 2016 |title='Mr. Church': Tribeca Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/mr-church-tribeca-review-887130 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> da kuma ''The Darkness'', tare da Kevin Bacon . Acikin wannan shekarar, ta taka rawar jagora Eve Thorogood a cikin miniseries na Australiya ''Wolf Creek.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newsome |first=Brad |date=12 May 2016 |title=Review: Wolf Creek the TV series emerges as an engrossing new chapter in the cult thriller's story |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/review-wolf-creek-the-tv-series-emerges-as-an-engrossing-new-chapter-in-the-cult-thrillers-story-20160512-gotllw.html |access-date=27 July 2016 |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> Ta kuma yi tauraro a cikin ''11.22.63'' tana wasa Marina, matar Lee Harvey Oswald.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=7 April 2015 |title=Chris Cooper & Others Join Hulu's '11/22/63' Cast; Director Set |url=https://deadline.com/2015/04/chris-cooper-11-22-63-hulu-kevin-macdonald-james-franco-1201405877/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> A cikin watan Oktoban shekara ta 2016, an jefa Fry a matsayin Tikka, wani matashin elf wanda ya mallaki iko akan sihirin sihiri, a cikin fim ɗin fantasy na cikin shekara ta 2017 ''Bright'' wanda taurari Will Smith da Joel Edgerton.<ref name="Bright">{{Cite web |last=Kit |first=Borys |date=11 October 2016 |title=David Ayer's 'Bright' Lands 'Mr. Church' Actress Lucy Fry (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/david-ayers-bright-lands-lucy-937362 |access-date=2 February 2017 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> A cikin watan Yulin shekara ta 2017, an jefa Fry don tauraro a matsayin Heidi a cikin fim ɗin ''Ta Bace'' tare da Eiza González.<ref name="Highway">{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr |date=12 July 2017 |title=David Ayer's 'Bright' Lands 'Mr. Church' Actress Lucy Fry (Exclusive) |url=https://deadline.com/2017/07/lucy-fry-eiza-gonzalez-josh-hartnett-blake-berris-highway-alexandra-mcguinness-1202127269/ |access-date=21 July 2017 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name="missing">{{Cite web |date=5 February 2019 |title=''She's Missing'': Alexandra McGuinness on her new movie |url=https://www.rte.ie/culture/2019/0204/1027423-shes-missing-alexandra-mcguinness-on-her-new-movie/ |access-date=22 February 2019 |publisher=Raidió Teilifís Éireann}}</ref> [[Fayil:Lucy Fry (35335289093).jpg|thumb|Lucy Fry]] A cikin Yuli 2019, ta shiga cikin simintin ''gyare-gyare na Ƙarshe'', ɗan wasan Ba'amurke da Biritaniya na Tim Kirkby, wanda ya dogara da wani labari ''na Ƙarshe'' na Howard Michael Gould.<ref name="Last Looks">{{Cite web |last=N'Duka |first=Amanda |date=15 July 2019 |title='Bright' Actress Lucy Fry Cast in Action Thriller 'Waldo' |url=https://deadline.com/2019/07/lucy-fry-mel-gibson-charlie-hunnam-waldo-1202646657/ |access-date=5 March 2020 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritman |first=Alex |date=30 June 2020 |title=Mel Gibson Has Busy Film Slate Despite Renewed Anti-Semitism Claim |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mel-gibson-has-busy-film-slate-renewed-anti-semitism-claim-1300903 |access-date=30 June 2020 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar, an gan ta a matsayin Stella Gigante a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na laifi ''Godfather na Harlem'', wanda aka fara a watan Satumba na 2019 akan Epix.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2019 |title=Interview with Godfather of Harlem's Lucy Fry |url=https://www.lofficielusa.com/film-tv/lucy-fry-editorial-interview-2019 |access-date=19 February 2020 |publisher=L'Officiel USA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=7 December 2022 |title='Godfather of Harlem' Season 3 Cast Includes Yul Vázquez |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/godfather-of-harlem-season-3-cast-yul-vazquez-1235192351/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> A cikin watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2020, an ba da sanarwar cewa za ta yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ''Night Teeth'' [[Netflix|na Netflix]] mai ban sha'awa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr |date=3 February 2020 |title=Netflix Sets Jorge Lendeborg Jr For Lead In 'Night Teeth'; Debby Ryan, Lucy Fry, Alfie Allen & Raúl Castillo Bring The Terror |url=https://deadline.com/2020/02/netflix-night-teeth-jorge-lendeborg-jr-debby-ryan-lucy-fry-alfie-allen-1202850158/ |access-date=19 February 2020 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> == Filmography == === Fim === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Take ! Matsayi ! class="unsortable" | Bayanan kula |- | 2014 | ''Vampire Academy'' | Lissa Dragomir | |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | ''Yanzu ƙara zuma'' | Honey Halloway | |- | ''Haɗin Preppie'' | Alex Hayes | |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | ''Mista Church'' | Poppy | Asalin suna ''Henry Joseph Church'' |- | ''Duhu'' | Stephanie Taylor asalin | Asalin suna ''6 Miranda Drive'' |- | 2017 | ''Mai haske'' | Tikka | Fim mai gudana kai tsaye <ref name="Bright"/> |- | 2019 | ''Ta Bace'' | Heidi | |- | 2021 | ''Hakora Dare'' | Zoe | Fim mai gudana kai tsaye <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=3 February 2020 |title=Netflix Sets Jorge Lendeborg Jr For Lead In 'Night Teeth;' Debby Ryan, Lucy Fry & Alfie Allen Bring The Terror |url=https://deadline.com/2020/02/netflix-night-teeth-jorge-lendeborg-jr-debby-ryan-lucy-fry-alfie-allen-1202850158/ |access-date=3 February 2020 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> |- | 2022 | ''Kallon Karshe'' | Jayne White | Asalin mai suna ''Waldo'' <ref name="Last Looks"/> |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Take ! Matsayi ! class="unsortable" | Bayanan kula |- | 2010 | ''H <nowiki><sub id="mwARQ">2</sub></nowiki> O: Kawai Ƙara Ruwa'' | dalibi a Graduation | Episode: "Graduation"; wanda ba a yarda da shi ba <ref name="net10">{{Cite web |title=Mako Mermaids – Lucy Fry |url=http://ten.com.au/tvshows/mako-8304.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909231930/http://ten.com.au/tvshows/mako-8304.htm |archive-date=9 September 2013 |access-date=9 August 2013}}</ref> |- | 2012 | ''Wurin Walƙiya'' | Zoey | Babban rawa |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 | ''Likitocin Reef'' | Josie | Episode: "Kashi Na Biyar" |- | ''Mako: Tsibirin Asirin'' | Lyla | Babban rawar (lokaci na 1) |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | ''11.22.63'' | Marina Oswald | Babban rawa |- | ''Wolf Creek'' | Hauwa Thorogood | Matsayin jagora<br /><br /><br /><br /> Kyautar Fangoria Chainsaw don Kyautar Jarumar TV (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Never mind Oscar, here's the 2017 Fangoria Chainsaw Awards Nominees Ballot! |url=http://www.fangoria.com/new/never-mind-oscar-heres-the-2017-fangoria-chainsaw-awards-nominees-ballot/ |access-date=14 February 2017 |website=Fangoria® |archive-date=6 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806233824/http://fangoria.com/new/never-mind-oscar-heres-the-2017-fangoria-chainsaw-awards-nominees-ballot/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 2019 - yanzu | ''Sunan mahaifi Harlem'' | Stella Gigante | Babban rawa |} === Bidiyon kiɗa === * Thirsty Merc (2010) na Tommy da Krista <ref name="net10"/> == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Aiki ! scope="col" | Matsayi |- | rowspan="3" | 2007 | ''Labarin Ruwa'' | Tsohon Mariner |- | ''Wasan Maze mai ban mamaki na Mr A'' | Suzie |- | ''Dole ne Nunin ya Ci gaba'' | Tsana |- | rowspan="4" | 2008 | ''Mafarkin Daren Tsakar Rani'' | Wannan be |- | ''Hotunan Wasa'' | Mai yin Roving |- | ''Tafiya mara ganuwa'' | Lucy |- | ''Ramalama'' | Mai Yin Jiki |- | rowspan="3" | 2009 | ''bakin teku'' | Serena |- | ''Ƙarni masu ƙirƙira'' | Kifin zaki |- | ''Sarki Oedipus'' | Manzo |- | 2010 | ''Jakar Bace'' | Mai yin Roving |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] bgndis1e2ui6fbcbjbm55bnf0beay2a 0 94665 827015 592504 2026-04-27T11:24:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 827015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdullahi''' (Furuciⓘ; cikakken suna: Abdullahi Maje Karofi dan Dabo; d. 1883) shi ne Sarkin [[Kano]] daga 1855 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1883.<ref>Last, Murray (1980). "Historical Metaphors in the Kano Chronicle". ''History in Africa''. '''7''': 161–178. doi:10.2307/3171660. JSTOR 3171660. S2CID 248817800.</ref><ref>; in Google Books.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa a Tarihin Kano == Sarki na 47 shi ne Abdullahi ɗan Dabo. Sunan mahaifiyarsa Shekkara. Da ya zama Sarki, sai ya tashi ya yi aikin kashe duk ’yan fashi, ya datse hannun barayin. Ana kiransa da "Abdu Sarkin Yenka." domin shi Sarki ne mai hankali, mara tausayi, mai nasara. Ya yi gaggawar tsige shugabanni, amma ya cika alkawarinsa ga abokansa. Bai daɗe a wuri ɗaya ba sai dai ya bi gari zuwa gari. A zamaninsa ne aka yi tsananin yunwa, kuma rigima da Umbatu ta yi girma tun daga kanana. Sarkin Kano ya hakura ya yi yaki da Umbatu. Yunkurinsa na farko shi ne ya kai wa Kuluki hari. Dan Iya Lowal na Kano ya rasu a Kuluki, Sarki ya dawo gida da kansa amma ya aika da Abdulahi Sarkin Dawaki Dan Ladan da dansa Tafida yaki a kasar Zariya. Tare suka tafi Zaria. Wannan ya kasance a zamanin Sarkin Zariya Abdulahi Dan Hamada. Da suka dawo daga Zariya ba a dade ba Dan Boskori ya sauka a kan Gworzo. Sarkin Kano ya tura Sarkin Dawaki gaba, ya bi kansa da kansa ya hadu da Dan Boskori Sarkin Maradi, yammacin Gworzo. An yi yaƙi. Kanawa sun gudu, suka bar Sarkin Dawaki Dan Ladan, Dan Boskori ya kashe shi. Kanawa suka koma gida daya da biyu. Sarkin Kano ya fusata sosai. Ya ba da umarnin a gina masa gida a Nassarawa domin ya zauna a cikin lokacin zafi; ya kuma gina gida a Tarkai domin yaki da Umbatu. Yana da gida a Keffin Bako inda ya zauna kusan shekara biyu saboda Dan maji makwabcin Umbatu. Ya yi yaƙi da Warji bayan yaƙin Kuluki, kuma ya kwashi ganima mai yawa. Ba wanda ya san adadin ganimar da aka yi a wani gari mai suna Sir. Gawarwakin Warjawa da aka karkashe su a sansaninsu kusan 400 ne Sarki ya koma gida. Bayan wani lokaci kadan sai Sarki ya sake kaiwa Warji hari, kuma ya sake kwashe ganima da yawa. Kano ta cika da bayi. Abdulahi ya tafi Sokoto, ya bar dansa Yusufu a Tarkai. Yana nan sai Dan maji ya zo ya afkawa Yusufu. An yi yaki a Dubaiya. Kanawa suka gudu suka bar Yusufu. An kashe mutane da yawa aka kama. Bayan haka Yusufu ya zama Galadima Kano, don haka ya sami iko da yawa. Abdulahi ya tura shi Dal daga Tarkai domin ya kamo Haruna dan Dan Maji. Yusufu ya hadu da Haruna a Jambo, aka yi fada. Umbatawa ta gudu, ta fice Haruna. Yusufu ya kashe ya kwashi maza da yawa. An ce an kashe kusan dari bakwai. Bayan haka Yusufu ya yi ƙoƙari ya tayar da tawaye kuma an kore shi daga ofishinsa kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin baƙin ciki da talauci har sai da ya rasa. Abdulahi ya juya Sarkin Dawaki Abdu daga ofishinsa, tare da shi Makama Gadodamasu, Chiroma Diko, Dan Iya Alabirra, Galadima Abdul-Kadiri, da Galadima Yusufu. Abdulahi ya kashe Alkali Kano Ahmedu Rufaiyi, ya kuma kaskantar da Maaji Sulimanu, Maji Gajere, da San Kurmi Musa. Ya hana Mallam Dogo ofishin sa na Waziri. Yawan mutanen da ya fice daga ofis ba su da adadi. Ya kori garuruwa da dama. Ya yi sabuwar kofa, Kofan Fada. A zamanin mahaifinsa an gina shi. Ya sake gina masallaci da gidan Turaki Mainya a farkon mulkinsa. Sun kasance cikin kango shekaru da yawa. A zamaninsa aka gina Soron Giwa. A Woso ya hadu da Dan Maji a yaki. Sai yamma aka yi yakin. Dan Maji ya ja da baya. Idan ba don hasken ya gaza ba da an kashe shi. Abdulahi ya kai hari Betu, amma ya kasa. Abdulahi ya kasance idan ya hau dokinsa yana harbin bindiga har sai da ya zama al'ada. Manyan mutanensa su ne: Sarkin Yaki, da ake ce da shi Malam Dogo, da Malam Isiaka, da Malam Garuba, da Sarkin Gaiya, da Malam Abdu Ba-Danneji, da Alhaji Nufu, da abokinsa Malam Masu, da Tefida dansa, da Shamaki Naamu, da Manassara, da Jekada na Gerko, da Dan Tabshi. Mallam Ibrahim shi ne marubucinsa, kuma aka yi masa Galadima. Bayan haka an mayar da wannan mutumin daga mukaminsa a lokacin Mohammed Belo. Sauran sun hada da Alkali Zengi da Alkali Sulimanu. Abdulahi ya je Zaria ya zauna a Afira, sannan a Zungonaiya. == Manazarta == gg8v9ib9387blfss4udx6rg0ngyzt4d 827016 827015 2026-04-27T11:25:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 827016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdullahi''' (Furuciⓘ; cikakken suna: Abdullahi Maje Karofi dan Dabo; d. 1883) shi ne Sarkin [[Kano]] daga 1855 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1883.<ref>Last, Murray (1980). "Historical Metaphors in the Kano Chronicle". ''History in Africa''. '''7''': 161–178. doi:10.2307/3171660. JSTOR 3171660. S2CID 248817800.</ref><ref>; in Google Books.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa a Tarihin Kano == Sarki na 47 shi ne Abdullahi ɗan Dabo. Sunan mahaifiyarsa Shekkara. Da ya zama Sarki, sai ya tashi ya yi aikin kashe duk ’yan fashi, ya datse hannun barayin. Ana kiransa da "Abdu Sarkin Yenka." domin shi Sarki ne mai hankali, mara tausayi, mai nasara. Ya yi gaggawar tsige shugabanni, amma ya cika alkawarinsa ga abokansa. Bai daɗe a wuri ɗaya ba sai dai ya bi gari zuwa gari. A zamaninsa ne aka yi tsananin yunwa, kuma rigima da Umbatu ta yi girma tun daga kanana. Sarkin Kano ya hakura ya yi yaki da Umbatu. Yunkurinsa na farko shi ne ya kai wa Kuluki hari. Dan Iya Lowal na Kano ya rasu a Kuluki, Sarki ya dawo gida da kansa amma ya aika da Abdulahi Sarkin Dawaki Dan Ladan da dansa Tafida yaki a kasar Zariya. Tare suka tafi Zaria. Wannan ya kasance a zamanin Sarkin Zariya Abdulahi Dan Hamada. Da suka dawo daga Zariya ba a dade ba Dan Boskori ya sauka a kan Gworzo. Sarkin Kano ya tura Sarkin Dawaki gaba, ya bi kansa da kansa ya hadu da Dan Boskori Sarkin Maradi, yammacin Gworzo. An yi yaƙi. Kanawa sun gudu, suka bar Sarkin Dawaki Dan Ladan, Dan Boskori ya kashe shi. Kanawa suka koma gida daya da biyu. Sarkin Kano ya fusata sosai. Ya ba da umarnin a gina masa gida a Nassarawa domin ya zauna a cikin lokacin zafi; ya kuma gina gida a Tarkai domin yaki da Umbatu. Yana da gida a Keffin Bako inda ya zauna kusan shekara biyu saboda Dan maji makwabcin Umbatu. Ya yi yaƙi da Warji bayan yaƙin Kuluki, kuma ya kwashi ganima mai yawa. Ba wanda ya san adadin ganimar da aka yi a wani gari mai suna Sir. Gawarwakin Warjawa da aka karkashe su a sansaninsu kusan 400 ne Sarki ya koma gida. Bayan wani lokaci kadan sai Sarki ya sake kaiwa Warji hari, kuma ya sake kwashe ganima da yawa. Kano ta cika da bayi. Abdulahi ya tafi Sokoto, ya bar dansa Yusufu a Tarkai. Yana nan sai Dan maji ya zo ya afkawa Yusufu. An yi yaki a Dubaiya. Kanawa suka gudu suka bar Yusufu. An kashe mutane da yawa aka kama. Bayan haka Yusufu ya zama Galadima Kano, don haka ya sami iko da yawa. Abdulahi ya tura shi Dal daga Tarkai domin ya kamo Haruna dan Dan Maji. Yusufu ya hadu da Haruna a Jambo, aka yi fada. Umbatawa ta gudu, ta fice Haruna. Yusufu ya kashe ya kwashi maza da yawa. An ce an kashe kusan dari bakwai. Bayan haka Yusufu ya yi ƙoƙari ya tayar da tawaye kuma an kore shi daga ofishinsa kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin baƙin ciki da talauci har sai da ya rasa. Abdulahi ya juya Sarkin Dawaki Abdu daga ofishinsa, tare da shi Makama Gadodamasu, Chiroma Diko, Dan Iya Alabirra, Galadima Abdul-Kadiri, da Galadima Yusufu. Abdulahi ya kashe Alkali Kano Ahmedu Rufaiyi, ya kuma kaskantar da Maaji Sulimanu, Maji Gajere, da San Kurmi Musa. Ya hana Mallam Dogo ofishin sa na Waziri. Yawan mutanen da ya fice daga ofis ba su da adadi. Ya kori garuruwa da dama. Ya yi sabuwar kofa, Kofan Fada. A zamanin mahaifinsa an gina shi. Ya sake gina masallaci da gidan Turaki Mainya a farkon mulkinsa. Sun kasance cikin kango shekaru da yawa. A zamaninsa aka gina Soron Giwa. A Woso ya hadu da Dan Maji a yaki. Sai yamma aka yi yakin. Dan Maji ya ja da baya. Idan ba don hasken ya gaza ba da an kashe shi. Abdulahi ya kai hari Betu, amma ya kasa. Abdulahi ya kasance idan ya hau dokinsa yana harbin bindiga har sai da ya zama al'ada. Manyan mutanensa su ne: Sarkin Yaki, da ake ce da shi Malam Dogo, da Malam Isiaka, da Malam Garuba, da Sarkin Gaiya, da Malam Abdu Ba-Danneji, da Alhaji Nufu, da abokinsa Malam Masu, da Tefida dansa, da Shamaki Naamu, da Manassara, da Jekada na Gerko, da Dan Tabshi. Mallam Ibrahim shi ne marubucinsa, kuma aka yi masa Galadima. Bayan haka an mayar da wannan mutumin daga mukaminsa a lokacin Mohammed Belo. Sauran sun hada da Alkali Zengi da Alkali Sulimanu. Abdulahi ya je Zaria ya zauna a Afira, sannan a Zungonaiya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} l30nzwiqtaswqbihbfjrx6av5ivlme2 827018 827016 2026-04-27T11:25:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 827018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdullahi''' (cikakken suna: Abdullahi Maje Karofi dan Dabo; d. 1883) shi ne Sarkin [[Kano]] daga 1855 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1883.<ref>Last, Murray (1980). "Historical Metaphors in the Kano Chronicle". ''History in Africa''. '''7''': 161–178. doi:10.2307/3171660. JSTOR 3171660. S2CID 248817800.</ref><ref>; in Google Books.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa a Tarihin Kano == Sarki na 47 shi ne Abdullahi ɗan Dabo. Sunan mahaifiyarsa Shekkara. Da ya zama Sarki, sai ya tashi ya yi aikin kashe duk ’yan fashi, ya datse hannun barayin. Ana kiransa da "Abdu Sarkin Yenka." domin shi Sarki ne mai hankali, mara tausayi, mai nasara. Ya yi gaggawar tsige shugabanni, amma ya cika alkawarinsa ga abokansa. Bai daɗe a wuri ɗaya ba sai dai ya bi gari zuwa gari. A zamaninsa ne aka yi tsananin yunwa, kuma rigima da Umbatu ta yi girma tun daga kanana. Sarkin Kano ya hakura ya yi yaki da Umbatu. Yunkurinsa na farko shi ne ya kai wa Kuluki hari. Dan Iya Lowal na Kano ya rasu a Kuluki, Sarki ya dawo gida da kansa amma ya aika da Abdulahi Sarkin Dawaki Dan Ladan da dansa Tafida yaki a kasar Zariya. Tare suka tafi Zaria. Wannan ya kasance a zamanin Sarkin Zariya Abdulahi Dan Hamada. Da suka dawo daga Zariya ba a dade ba Dan Boskori ya sauka a kan Gworzo. Sarkin Kano ya tura Sarkin Dawaki gaba, ya bi kansa da kansa ya hadu da Dan Boskori Sarkin Maradi, yammacin Gworzo. An yi yaƙi. Kanawa sun gudu, suka bar Sarkin Dawaki Dan Ladan, Dan Boskori ya kashe shi. Kanawa suka koma gida daya da biyu. Sarkin Kano ya fusata sosai. Ya ba da umarnin a gina masa gida a Nassarawa domin ya zauna a cikin lokacin zafi; ya kuma gina gida a Tarkai domin yaki da Umbatu. Yana da gida a Keffin Bako inda ya zauna kusan shekara biyu saboda Dan maji makwabcin Umbatu. Ya yi yaƙi da Warji bayan yaƙin Kuluki, kuma ya kwashi ganima mai yawa. Ba wanda ya san adadin ganimar da aka yi a wani gari mai suna Sir. Gawarwakin Warjawa da aka karkashe su a sansaninsu kusan 400 ne Sarki ya koma gida. Bayan wani lokaci kadan sai Sarki ya sake kaiwa Warji hari, kuma ya sake kwashe ganima da yawa. Kano ta cika da bayi. Abdulahi ya tafi Sokoto, ya bar dansa Yusufu a Tarkai. Yana nan sai Dan maji ya zo ya afkawa Yusufu. An yi yaki a Dubaiya. Kanawa suka gudu suka bar Yusufu. An kashe mutane da yawa aka kama. Bayan haka Yusufu ya zama Galadima Kano, don haka ya sami iko da yawa. Abdulahi ya tura shi Dal daga Tarkai domin ya kamo Haruna dan Dan Maji. Yusufu ya hadu da Haruna a Jambo, aka yi fada. Umbatawa ta gudu, ta fice Haruna. Yusufu ya kashe ya kwashi maza da yawa. An ce an kashe kusan dari bakwai. Bayan haka Yusufu ya yi ƙoƙari ya tayar da tawaye kuma an kore shi daga ofishinsa kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin baƙin ciki da talauci har sai da ya rasa. Abdulahi ya juya Sarkin Dawaki Abdu daga ofishinsa, tare da shi Makama Gadodamasu, Chiroma Diko, Dan Iya Alabirra, Galadima Abdul-Kadiri, da Galadima Yusufu. Abdulahi ya kashe Alkali Kano Ahmedu Rufaiyi, ya kuma kaskantar da Maaji Sulimanu, Maji Gajere, da San Kurmi Musa. Ya hana Mallam Dogo ofishin sa na Waziri. Yawan mutanen da ya fice daga ofis ba su da adadi. Ya kori garuruwa da dama. Ya yi sabuwar kofa, Kofan Fada. A zamanin mahaifinsa an gina shi. Ya sake gina masallaci da gidan Turaki Mainya a farkon mulkinsa. Sun kasance cikin kango shekaru da yawa. A zamaninsa aka gina Soron Giwa. A Woso ya hadu da Dan Maji a yaki. Sai yamma aka yi yakin. Dan Maji ya ja da baya. Idan ba don hasken ya gaza ba da an kashe shi. Abdulahi ya kai hari Betu, amma ya kasa. Abdulahi ya kasance idan ya hau dokinsa yana harbin bindiga har sai da ya zama al'ada. Manyan mutanensa su ne: Sarkin Yaki, da ake ce da shi Malam Dogo, da Malam Isiaka, da Malam Garuba, da Sarkin Gaiya, da Malam Abdu Ba-Danneji, da Alhaji Nufu, da abokinsa Malam Masu, da Tefida dansa, da Shamaki Naamu, da Manassara, da Jekada na Gerko, da Dan Tabshi. Mallam Ibrahim shi ne marubucinsa, kuma aka yi masa Galadima. Bayan haka an mayar da wannan mutumin daga mukaminsa a lokacin Mohammed Belo. Sauran sun hada da Alkali Zengi da Alkali Sulimanu. Abdulahi ya je Zaria ya zauna a Afira, sannan a Zungonaiya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} nvk0d5iv4chh8xgfclyvhndihlfoxi5 0 94791 826844 593190 2026-04-27T01:38:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826844 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Forugh Farrokhzad''' (an haife ta 28 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1934 - 14 Fabrairu 1967) ta kasance mawakiya ne mai tasiri kuma [[Darakta|Daraktan fim]] Dan I na kasar ran.<ref>{{IPA|fa|fʊˌɾuːɣe fæɾɾoxˈzɒːd}}</ref> Ta kasance mawakiyar zamani mai rikitarwa kuma marubuciya ce mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, . Farrokhzad ya mutu a hatsarin mota yana da shekaru 32. == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Forugh Farrokhzad a Tehran a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1934, ga jami'in soja na aiki Colonel Mohammad Bagher Farrokhzad (gidan Farrokhzad sun fito ne daga Tafresh) da matarsa Touran Vaziri-Tabar . Ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai (waɗansu Amir, Massoud, Mehrdad, Fereydoun, Pooran, da Gloria), ta halarci makaranta har zuwa aji na tara, sannan aka koya mata zane da sutura a makarantar 'yan mata don zane-zane. A lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta auri mai ba da labari mai suna Parviz Shapour . Ta ci gaba da karatunta tare da zane-zane da ɗinki kuma ta koma tare da mijinta zuwa [[Ahvaz]] . An haifi ɗanta guda ɗaya, ɗa mai suna Kamyar Shapour (batun The Return), shekara guda bayan haka. "Bayan ta rabu, kuma daga baya ta saki (1954), daga Parviz, ta rasa kula da ɗanta saboda tana da al'amuran da yawa. Ɗanta Kamyar, wanda ta kira shi da ƙauna Kami, Parviz da iyalinsa ne suka ɗauke shi kuma suka tashe shi. An ba Forugh 'yancin ziyara kaɗan, kuma an tashe yaron da ra'ayin cewa mahaifiyarsa ta watsar da shi don shayari da kuma bin jin daɗin jima'i. Tunanin ɗanta yana tunanin cewa ta da yardar rai ya bar shi ne babban baƙin ciki da wahala. Farrokhzad ya yi watanni tara a Turai a shekarar 1958. Bayan ta koma Iran, don neman aiki ta sadu da mai shirya fina-finai da marubuci Ebrahim Golestan, wanda ya karfafa sha'awarta ta bayyana kanta da rayuwa da kanta, kuma tare da ita ta fara soyayya. Ta wallafa wasu kundin guda biyu, The Wall da The Rebellion, kafin ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Tabriz]] don yin fim game da mutanen Iran da [[kuturta]] ta shafa. Wannan fim din na 1962, mai taken The House is Black, an dauke shi wani muhimmin bangare ne na ƙungiyar New Wave ta Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forugh Farrokhzad |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1265720/bio |access-date=2017-10-20 |website=IMDb}}</ref> A cikin kwanaki 12 na harbi, ta kasance tare da Hossein Mansouri, ɗan kuturta biyu. Ta karɓi yaron kuma ta kawo shi ya zauna a gidan mahaifiyarta. Ta wallafa Reborn a shekarar 1964. Waƙoƙinta a wannan lokacin sun bambanta sosai daga tsoffin al'adun waƙoƙin Iran. == Ra'ayi na mata a cikin waƙoƙin Farrokhzad == [[Fayil:Forough_Farrokhzad_with_pipe.jpg|left|thumb|Farrokhzad a cikin 1965]] Muryar mace mai karfi ta Farrokhzad ta zama abin da aka mayar da hankali ga kulawa mara kyau da rashin amincewa, a lokacin rayuwarta da kuma karɓar aikinta bayan mutuwarta. A cikin wata hira ta rediyo, lokacin da aka tambaye ta game da hangen nesa na mata a cikin waƙoƙinta, Farrokhzad ta amsa: "Idan waƙoƙina, kamar yadda ka ce, suna da wani bangare na mata, ba shakka na halitta ne. Bayan haka, da sa'a, ni mace ce. Amma idan ka yi magana game da kyawawan halaye na fasaha, ina tsammanin jinsi ba zai iya taka rawar gani ba. A zahiri, idan waɗannan halayen mutum ba za su iya kaiwa ga kansu, halayensu na jiki, kuma na ruhaniya, dole ne su iya samun wasu batutuwa masu kyau, halayyarsu, su iya zama na mutum, su iya haifar da juna, su, su iya yin hakan. == Mutuwa == Farrokhzad ya mutu a hatsarin mota a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1967, yana da shekaru 32. Kodayake ainihin yanayin mutuwarta ya kasance batun muhawara da yawa, labarin hukuma shine cewa ta karkatar da jeep dinta don kauce wa bas din makaranta mai zuwa kuma an jefa ta daga motarta, ta bugi kanta a kan iyaka. An yi imanin cewa ta mutu kafin ta isa asibiti, duk da haka, Farzaneh Milani a cikin littafinta, Forugh Farrokhzad: A Literary Biography with Unpublished Letters, ya yi nuni da wata hira da Ebrahim Golestan wanda ke magana game da lokutan karshe na Farrokhzad inda ta mutu a hannunsa.<ref>{{Lang|fa|زندگی نامه ادبی فروغ فرخ زاد همراه با نامه‌های چاپ نشده}}</ref> Waƙar Farrokhzad "Bari mu Yi imani da Dawn of the Cold Season" an buga ta ne bayan mutuwarta, kuma wasu suna ɗaukar ta ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin zamani mafi kyau a [[Farisawa|Farisa]]. == Kyauta == [[Fayil:53rd_death_anniversary_of_Forough_Farokhzad_9106.jpg|thumb|Kabarin Forugh Farrokhzad a Kabari na Zahir Dowleh]] An dakatar da waƙoƙin Farrokhzad sama da shekaru goma bayan [[Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci]]. An buga taƙaitaccen tarihin wallafe-wallafen Farrokhzad, Michael Craig Hillmann's A Lonely Woman: Forough Farrokhzad and Her Poetry, a shekarar 1987. Ayyukan Farzaneh Milani Veils and Words: The Emerging Voices of Iranian Women Writers (1992) sun haɗa da babi game da ita. Abdolali Dastgheib, marubucin mai sukar wallafe-wallafen, ya wallafa wani bita mai mahimmanci game da waƙoƙin Farrokhzad mai taken The Little Mermaid (Farsi title Pri Flor) (2006) wanda ya bayyana Forugh a matsayin majagaba a cikin waƙoƙar Farsi na zamani wanda ke nuna alamar mata a cikin aikinta. Nasser Saffarian ta ba da umarnin shirye-shirye uku game da rayuwarta: The Mirror of the Soul (2000), The ''Green Cold'' (2003), da Summit of the Wave (2004). A watan Fabrairun 2017, a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 50 da mutuwar Farrokhzad, Golestan mai shekaru 94 ya karya shiru game da dangantakarsa da ita, yana magana da Saeed Kamali Dehghan na ''[[The Guardian]]'' . <ref name="GuardianInterview">{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2017 |title=Former lover of the poet known as Iran's Sylvia Plath breaks his silence |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/12/forough-farrokhzad-iranian-poet-ebrahim-golestan-slyvia-plath |website=The Guardian}}</ref> "Ina makoki duk shekarun da ba ta nan, ba shakka, hakan a bayyane yake, "in ji shi. "Mun kasance kusa sosai, amma ba zan iya auna yadda nake ji game da ita ba. Ta yaya zan iya? A cikin kilos? A cikin mita?" == Fassarar ayyukan Farrokhzad == * [[Larabci]]: Mohammad Al-Amin, Gassan Hamdan * Azerbaijani: Samad Behrangi * [[Turanci]]: ** Sin- Zaɓaɓɓen Waƙar Forugh Farrokhzad, wanda Sholeh Wolpé (Jami'ar Arkansas Press) ya shirya kuma ya fassara shi <nowiki>ISBN 978-1557289483</nowiki> Mai karɓar kyautar Lois Roth Translation Award ** ''Bari mu Yi imani da farkon lokacin sanyi'', wanda Elizabeth T. Gray, Jr., ta fassara kuma ta shirya, (New Directions Publishing, 2022) .  ** ''Wani Haihuwa: Zaɓuɓɓukan Waƙoƙi'', wanda Ali Salami ya fassara, (Zabankadeh Publications, 2001) .  ** Hasan Javadi da Susan Sallée sun fassara ''Wani Haihuwa: Zaɓuɓɓukan Waƙoƙi'' na Forugh Farrokhzad tare da wasiƙunta da tambayoyin a 1981. Mage Publishers (Washington, DC) ne suka buga wani bita na wannan ƙarar a cikin 2010 a matsayin fitowar harsuna biyu. ** ''Bride of Acacias: Zaɓuɓɓukan Waƙoƙi na Forugh Farrokhzad'', wanda Jascha Kessler da Amin Banani suka fassara, (Caravan Books, Delmar, N.Y., 1982) .  ** A Rebirth: Waƙoƙi, wanda David Martin ya fassara, tare da wata kasida mai mahimmanci ta Farzaneh Milani (Mazda Publishers, Lexington, Ky., 1985) , gami da waka "The Wind-Up Doll"  ** "I Pity The Garden" an haɗa shi a cikin Green Book of Poetry wanda Ivo Mosley ya shirya, (Frontier Publishing, Norfolk, 1993), daga baya aka sake buga shi a matsayin Waƙoƙin Duniya: Waƙoƙi Daga Around The World Don girmama Duniya (HarperSanFrancisco, 1996) .  * [[Faransanci]]: Mahshid Moshiri, Sylvie Mochiri (sunan rubutu: Sylvie M. Miller) * [[Ibrananci]]: Sivan Balslev * [[Jamusanci]]: Annemarie Schimmel * [[Italiyanci]]: Domenico Ingenito (ed.) DomenicoIngenito (ed.), ''Io parlo dai confini della notte''. ''Forugh Farrokhzad: tutte le poesie'' (Milan: Bompiani, 2023) * Kurdish: Haidar Khezri, Sauti ne kawai ya rage: Rayuwa da Kyautar Forough Farrokhzad, tare da Fassarar Tarin Litattafai Biyu na Waƙarta ("Wani Haihuwa" da "Bari Mu Yi imani a farkon Lokacin Cold"), wanda Salahaddin University Press 2016 ta buga. * [[Nepali]]: An tattara shi a Manpareka Kehi Kavita wanda Suman Pokhrel ya fassara <ref name="Manpareka 1">{{Cite book|last2=Anna Świrszczyńska}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Suman Pokhrel's Blog: सुमन पोखरेल Suman Pokhrel - म र मेरो म (Nepali translation of Anna Swir's poem "Myself and My Person") - August 14, 2011 20:12 |url=https://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_posts/4724485-nepali-translation-of-anna-swir-s-poem-myself-and-my-person}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Suman Pokhrel's Blog: सुमन पोखरेल Suman Pokhrel - भित्तामा टाउको बजारेँ मैले (Nepali translation of Anna Swir's poem "I Knocked My Head against the Wall") - November 05, 2012 11:09 |url=https://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_posts/4724900-nepali-translation-of-anna-swir-s-poem-i-kn}}</ref> * Yaren mutanen Poland: Piotr Bachtin * [[Rashanci|Rasha]]: Viktor Poleshchuk <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Полещук |first=Виктор |year=2002 |script-title=ru:Форуг Фаррохзад, Стихи из книги "Новое рождение" |url=http://magazines.russ.ru/inostran/2002/8/farrro-pr.html |journal=Inostrannaya Literatura |language=ru |location=[[Moscow]] |issue=8}}</ref> * Yaren mutanen Sweden: Namdar Nasser * [[Turkanci|Turkiyya]]: Hashem Khosrow-Shahi, Jalal Khosrow * [[Urdu]]: Fehmida Riaz wanda 'Sheherzade Publications' Karachi ta buga * Uzbek: ** Khurshid Davron wanda "Qirq bir oshiq daftari" ya buga Tashkent ** "Qayg'u guli", Tashkent, 2019-yil == Bayanan littattafai == * Michael Craig Hillmann, ''A Lonely Woman: Forough Farrokhzad and Her Poetry'' (Three Continents Press, Washington, D.C., 1987). {{ISBN|0-934211-11-6}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-934211-11-6|0-934211-11-6]], {{ISBN|978-0-934211-11-6}}. * Domenico Ingenito (ed.), [https://www.bompiani.it/catalogo/io-parlo-dai-confini-della-notte-9788830107779 ''Io parlo dai confini della notte''.] [https://www.bompiani.it/catalogo/io-parlo-dai-confini-della-notte-9788830107779 ''Forugh Farrokhzad: tutte le poesie'' (Milan: Bompiani, 2023)]. == Shirye-shiryen tarihi da sauran ayyukan == [[Fayil:Painting_by_Forough_Farrokhzad.jpg|thumb|Hoton da Forough Farrokhzad ya zana]] * Sai kawai Murya ta rage, ɗan gajeren gwajin gwaji na harshen Ingilishi game da Forugh Farrokhzad ta amfani da fassarorin Sholeh Wolpe. Mai shirya fina-finai na London [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10566464/?ref_=nv_sr_3?ref_=nv_sr_3 Makez Rikweda] ne ya ba da umarni. * Zan sake gaishe da rana sau ɗaya, shirin harshen Ingilishi game da Forough Farrokhzad, na Mansooreh Saboori, Irandukht Productions 1998. * Moon Sun Flower Game, fim din Jamusanci game da ɗan Forough Farrokhzad mai suna Hossein Mansouri, na Claus Strigel, Denkmal-Film 2007. * ''Bride na Acacias'', wasan kwaikwayo game da Forough Farrokhzad na Ezzat Goushegir . <ref name="thebrideofacacias">{{Cite web |title=The Bride of Acacias |url=http://www.ezzatgoushegir.com/Writingscontents/Plays/thebrideofacacias.html |website=www.ezzatgoushegir.com |access-date=2025-03-02 |archive-date=2025-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223110122/https://www.ezzatgoushegir.com/Writingscontents/Plays/thebrideofacacias.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Song of a Captive Bird, wani labari game da Forough Farrokhzad na Jasmin Darznik . == Ƙarin karantawa == * Sholeh Wolpé (ed.), Sin: Zaɓuɓɓukan Waƙoƙi na Forugh Farrokhzad, (Fayetteville [Arkansas]: Jami'ar Arkansas Press, 2007).   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-55728-861-5|1-55728-861-5]] * Manijeh Mannani, "Kwarewar Mai Karatu da Ƙididdigar Farrokhzad", Crossing Boundaries, Vol. '''1''', shafuffuka na 49-65 (2001). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://crossingboundaries.gsa.ualberta.ca/v1n1_04.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710225221/http://crossingboundaries.gsa.ualberta.ca/v1n1_04.pdf |archive-date=2007-07-10 |access-date=2007-10-14}}</ref>&nbsp; * Michael Craig Hillmann, "An Autobiographical Voice: Forough Farrokhzad", a cikin Autobiographies na Mata a Iran ta zamani, wanda Afsaneh Najmabadi (Cambridge [Massachusetts]: Harvard University Press, 1990) ta shirya.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-932885-05-5|0-932885-05-5]].&nbsp; * Ezzat Goushegir, The ''Bride na Acacias'' (wasan game da Forough Farrokhzad). <ref name="thebrideofacacias"/> * R. M. Chopra, Mashahuriyar Mawakin Farisa (Kolkata: Iran Society, 2010). * Abdolali Dastgheib, ''Parī-e kūchak-e daryā: naqd va taḥlīl-e she'r-i Forugh Farrokhzād '' [The little mermaid: critical review of poems by Forough Farrokhzad] (Tehran: Amitis Publishers, 2006).   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/964-8787-09-3|964-8787-09-3]].&nbsp; * Mohammad Reza Vaez Shahrestani, "Forough's Existentialist Lifeworld: A Minimalist Reading", Littattafai & Aesthetics 28 (2): 33-50. 2018. == Dubi kuma ==   * [[Mina Assadi]] * [[Simin Behbahani]] * Parvin E'tesami * Ebrahim Golestan == manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fsjyjc0yzv3liki6mnx3kip39mr5wi5 0 98691 826684 619080 2026-04-26T16:05:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Esther Ambah Numaba Cobbah''' kwararriyar mai aikin harkokin sadarwa ce 'yar Ghana. A shekarar 2022 ta lashe kyautar gwarzuwar mata a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan mata na Ghana. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Esther Cobbah named Woman of the Year at GOWA |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/esther-cobbah-named-woman-of-the-year-at-gowa.html |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ita ce wacce ta kafa Strategic Communications Africa Limited (Stratcomm Africa) kuma memba ce ta kungiyar Hulɗa da Jama'a ta Duniya (IPRA). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nartey |first=Laud |date=2021-02-17 |title=Esther Cobbah appointed onto board of IPRA |url=https://3news.com/esther-cobbah-appointed-onto-board-of-ipra/ |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=3News.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=IPRA {{!}} Esther COBBAH |url=https://www.ipra.org/users/ecobbah-stratcom/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=www.ipra.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=GNA |title=Stratcomm Boss Esther Cobbah Wins ASCOM Award In Côte D' Ivoire {{!}} News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/stratcomm-boss-esther-cobbah-wins-ascom-award-in-cote-d-ivoire/ |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=News Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta rubuta littafin ''Dare to Be.'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-22 |title=Stratcomm Africa hosts launch of Esther Cobbah's book, Dare to Be |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/06/stratcomm-africa-hosts-launch-of-esther-cobbahs-book-dare-to-be/ |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Cobbah a Secondi, a [[Yankin Yammaci, Ghana|yankin yammacin]] [[Ghana]]. Ta yi makarantar firamare a Komenda da ke tsakiyar ƙasar Ghana, bayan iyayenta sun zauna a can. Ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Wesley Girl. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Girls honours Esther Cobbah |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/wesley-girls-honours-esther-cobbah.html |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> Cobbah ta kammala karatun digiri ne a [[Jami'ar Ghana|Jami'ar Ghana, Legon]], da kuma [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] a [[New York (birni)|New York.]] == Karramawa da kyaututtuka == * Mafi kyawun 'yar kasuwan Sadarwa na Shekara (2011) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Esther Cobbah adjudged best communication entrepreneur |url=https://www.businessghana.com/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> * Cibiyar Tallace-tallace ta Chartered Ghana (CIMG) Jarumar macen Kasuwanci ta Shekara (2012) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Esther Cobbah is 2012 CIMG Marketing Woman of the Year {{!}} GhHeadlines Total News Total Information |url=http://m.ghheadlines.com/agency/myjoyonline/20130914/542503/--esther-cobbah-is-2012-cimg-marketing-woman-of-the-year-- |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=m.ghheadlines.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * Fitacciyar macen kamfani a shekara ta 2013 mata na Ghana <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Stratcomm CEO adjudged outstanding corporate woman of the year {{!}} News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/stratcomm-ceo-adjudged-outstanding-corporate-woman-of-the-year/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> * Cibiyar Hulɗa da Jama'a ta Ghana, Halin Hulɗar Jama'a na Shekara (2013) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Stratcomm Africa CEO Wins PR Personality Of The Year 2013 {{!}} News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/stratcomm-africa-ceo-wins-pr-personality-year-2013/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> * Shawarwari na Hulɗa da Jama'a na Kyauta ta 2013 (Stratcomm [[Afirka|Africa]]) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stratcomm Africa {{!}} Blogs - STRATCOMM AFRICA'S INNOVATIVE USE OF COMMUNICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION WINS INTERNATIONAL AWARD |url=https://www.stratcomm-africa.com/post/stratcomm-africas-innovative-use-of-communication-for-environmental-conservation-wins-international-award |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=www.stratcomm-africa.com |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928020814/https://www.stratcomm-africa.com/post/stratcomm-africas-innovative-use-of-communication-for-environmental-conservation-wins-international-award |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Fitacciyar mace ta shekara a GOWA, 2022 <ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Tana auren lauya Tsatsu Tsikata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-09 |title=Meet Tsatsu Tsikata's Wife, Esther Cobbah» GhLinks.com.gh™ |url=https://www.ghlinks.com.gh/meet-tsatsu-tsikatas-wife-esther-cobbah/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fr3251usa65afauao0qea7ry1g592au 0 98788 826647 615390 2026-04-26T12:30:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Wyns-Dogbe''' 'yar ƙasar Ghana ce mai inshorar haya kuma mataimakiyar memba ta The Chartered Insurance Institute UK. An naɗa ta ɗaya daga cikin "Masu Salon Mata na Masana'antar Inshorar Afirka" ta Bulletin Inshorar Afirka a taron Kungiyar Inshorar Afirka ta shekarar 2019 a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-25 |title=Six Ghanaian women named African insurance industry trailblazers |url=http://www.businessworldghana.com/six-ghanaian-women-named-african-insurance-industry-trailblazers/ |access-date=2019-10-21 |website=Business World Ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021112754/http://www.businessworldghana.com/six-ghanaian-women-named-african-insurance-industry-trailblazers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2018, Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Chartered ta Ghana ta karrama ta a matsayin Gwarzuwar Mata a Kasuwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UPSA VC, SIC Life MD emerge 2018 CIMG Marketing Man, Woman of the Year |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/September-28th/upsa-vc-sic-life-md-emerge-2019-cimg-marketing-man-woman-of-the-year.php |access-date=2019-10-21 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |archive-date=2019-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021112741/http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/September-28th/upsa-vc-sic-life-md-emerge-2019-cimg-marketing-man-woman-of-the-year.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2019 |title=Prof Amartey and Dr Wyns-Dogbe adjudged Marketing Personalities of the year |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Prof-Amartey-and-Dr-Wyns-Dogbe-adjudged-Marketing-Personalities-of-the-year-784559 |access-date=2019-10-21 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Prof Amartey and Dr Wyns-Dogbe adjudged Marketing Personalities of the year |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/prof-amartey-and-dr-wyns-dogbe-adjudged-marketing-personalities-of-the-year/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021114242/https://www.newsghana.com.gh/prof-amartey-and-dr-wyns-dogbe-adjudged-marketing-personalities-of-the-year/ |archive-date=2019-10-21 |access-date=2019-10-21 |website=News Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ilimi == Wyns-Dogbe ta kammala karatun digiri a [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah]] tare da digiri na farko a Kimiyyar Materials da Injiniyanci. Ta kuma yi digiri na biyu a fannin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci (Finance) daga Makarantar Digiri ta Kasuwanci na [[Central University (Ghana)|Kwalejin Jami'ar Tsakiya]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-01 |title=Elizabeth Wyns-Dogbe appointed SIC Life MD |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/elizabeth-wyns-dogbe-appointed-sic-life-md.html |access-date=2019-10-21 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ta kuma sami digiri na uku a fannin Tauhidi daga Immanuel Bible Institute and Seminary, Brooklyn a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2017-10-04 |title=SIC Life board inaugurated, new MD appointed |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2017/october-4th/sic-life-board-inaugurated-new-md-appointed.php |access-date=2019-10-21 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |archive-date=2019-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021112739/https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2017/october-4th/sic-life-board-inaugurated-new-md-appointed.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'a == Wyns-Dogbe a halin yanzu ita ce {{When|date=March 2022}} Manajin Daraktar Kamfanin SIC Life Insurance Company, mai inshorar rayuwa mallakin gwamnati a Ghana. An naɗa ta ofis a shekarar 2017. Kafin wannan, ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar manajar UT Life Insurance da kuma manajar ayyuka na rayuwa a KEK Insurance Brokers Limited. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-02 |title=Elizabeth Wyns-Dogbe appointed SIC Life MD |url=https://www.todaygh.com/elizabeth-wyns-dogbe-appointed-sic-life-md/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021112746/https://www.todaygh.com/elizabeth-wyns-dogbe-appointed-sic-life-md/ |archive-date=2019-10-21 |access-date=2019-10-21 |website=Today Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ita Kirista ce kuma Mai hidima mai girma tare da ma'aikatun ƙarni na Yesu. <ref name=":1"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] n45kgsfcca3ql9v3tcqx6rq2fyee9n4 0 100875 826797 623380 2026-04-26T21:01:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta [[Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta 2000 a watan Satumbar 2007.<ref>[https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XVIII-12-a&chapter=18&clang=_en United Nations Treaty Collection website, Chapter XVIII Penal Matters section, ''Section 12a'', retrieved August 19, 2024]</ref> == Tarihi a cikin 2010 == A cikin 2010 Guinea-Bissau ƙasa ce mai tushe ga [[Cinikin yara|yara]] da ke fuskantar [[Safarar Mutane|fataucin mutane]], musamman ma aikin tilas, musamman bara, da kuma tilasta karuwanci. An aika yara maza zuwa [[Senegal]], kuma zuwa ƙarami [[Mali]] da [[Gini|Guinea]], a ƙarƙashin kulawar malamai na [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Koranic]] da ake kira Marabouts, ko matsakancinsu, don karɓar ilimin addinin Islama. Wadannan malamai, duk da haka, suna doke da kuma sanya yara, wanda ake kira [[Talibe|Talib]], don tilasta musu su roƙi, kuma suna ba su wasu mummunar kulawa, wani lokacin suna raba su har abada daga iyalansu. [[UNICEF]] ta kiyasta cewa an dauki yara 200 daga Guinea-Bissau kowane wata don wannan dalili, kuma a cikin 2008 wani binciken ya gano cewa kashi 30 cikin 100 na daliban addini 8,000 da ke rokon a titunan [[Dakar]] sun fito ne daga Guinea- Bissau. Maza, galibi tsoffin talibés daga yankunan Bafata da Gabu, sune manyan masu fataucin mutane. A mafi yawan lokuta suna aiki a bayyane, an kare su da matsayinsu a cikin al'ummar [[Musulmi]]. Wasu masu kallo sun yi imanin cewa 'yan mata ma sun kasance masu niyya, kuma watakila an yi musu aiki a gida a Guinea-Bissau ko Senegal. Gwamnatin Guinea-Bissau ba ta cika cikakkun ka'idoji don kawar da fataucin mutane ba; duk da haka, ta yi ƙoƙari sosai don yin hakan, duk da iyakantaccen albarkatu. Duk da wadannan kokarin, gwamnati ta nuna rashin ci gaba gaba gaba daya wajen yaki da fataucin mutane a lokacin bayar da rahoto, musamman rashin wani aiki mai tasiri na tilasta bin doka; sabili da haka, an sanya Guinea-Bissau a cikin Tier 2 Watch List na shekara ta uku a jere.<ref name=dos>{{Cite web|date=2010-06-18|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2010 Country Narratives - Countries G Through M|url=http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142760.htm|access-date=2023-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618114845/http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142760.htm |archive-date=2010-06-18 | publisher=US Department of State}} {{pd-notice }}</ref> == Amsa ta Duniya == Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 3" a cikin 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628043920/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-06-28|title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements|website=www.state.gov|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-01}}</ref> da 2023 .<ref name=US2023>[https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Trafficking-in-Persons-Report-2023_Introduction-Additional-Pagesv4_FINAL.pdf US Government website, ''Trafficking in Persons Report 2023'']</ref> A cikin 2023, Ƙididdigar Laifuka ta Ƙungiya ta lura da yaduwar aikata laifuka da kuma sabbin dokoki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ocindex.enactafrica.org/country/guinea-bissau |title=Organised Crime Index website, ''Guinea-Bissau'', retrieved August 31, 2024 |access-date=May 29, 2025 |archive-date=April 27, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427034233/https://ocindex.enactafrica.org/country/guinea-bissau |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Shari'a (2010) == Gwamnatin Guinea-Bissau ba ta kara kokarin gurfanar da kuma azabtar da masu aikata laifuka ba a lokacin bayar da rahoto. Dokar Bissau-Guinean ba ta haramta dukkan nau'ikan fataucin mutane ba, kodayake ta haramta aikin tilas a karkashin Mataki na 37 na dokar azabtarwa ta kasar, wanda ya ba da isasshen hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai. A cikin rahoton da ya gabata, Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta tsara dokar hana fataucin yara, kodayake ba a karbe shi ba kafin a rushe majalisar dokoki a watan Agusta 2008. Guinea-Bissau ba ta haramta karuwanci ba. Gwamnati na iya amfani da dokokin da ke akwai don azabtar da shari'o'in fataucin mutane, kamar dokokin da suka hana cire yara, cin zarafin jima'i, cin zarafi, da satar yara, amma ba su yi hakan ba a lokacin bayar da rahoto. Gwamnati ba ta bincika ko gurfanar da laifukan fataucin mutane ba a lokacin bayar da rahoto, saboda yawancin gazawar tsarin da ya mamaye tsarin shari'a, kamar rashin ikon hukuma da cin hanci da rashawa. == Karewa (2010) == Gwamnatin Guinea-Bissau ta ci gaba da nuna kokarin karewa da dawowa da wadanda abin ya shafa. Koyaya, gwamnati ba ta nuna ƙoƙari na farko don gano wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane ba. Duk da yake gwamnati ba ta gudanar da mafaka ga wadanda abin ya shafa ba ko kuma samar da wasu ayyukan da abin ya shafa kai tsaye, ta ci gaba da tallafawa mafaka ga masu fataucin yara a Gabu, samar da kimanin $ 16,000 ga kasafin kudin aiki na shekara-shekara na wurin. 'Yan sanda sun ci gaba da tura wadanda abin ya shafa zuwa wannan mafaka ta NGO, da kuma mafaka da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ke gudanarwa a Bafata. Gwamnati ta ci gaba da kokarin, kamar yadda aka ba da izini a karkashin dokar Guinea-Bissau, don tsayar da dawo da wadanda abin ya shafa a cikin gida da kuma dawo da wadanda suka mutu daga kasashen waje. Gwamnati, tare da Gwamnatin Senegal da Ofishin Jakadancin Bissau-Guinean a [[Dakar]], sun dawo da yara 43 a lokacin rahoton. A matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin dawo da talibés, iyaye dole ne su sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da kotun yanki da ke karɓar alhakin tsaron yaransu, kuma suna iya fuskantar hukunci mai laifi idan aka sake fataucin yara. Gwamnati ta tsare wasu yara da abin ya shafa a cikin mafaka na sauyawa har sai da ta iya samun nasarar sake haɗuwa da su tare da dangi kuma ta tabbatar da cewa dangi ba zai shiga cikin sake fataucin yaron ba. Ba a ba da kariya ta musamman ga shaidu ba. 'Yan sanda sun daidaita kokarin dawo da su tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, a cikin shekarar da ta gabata suna tura wadanda abin ya shafa 160 ga masu ba da sabis na wadanda aka azabtar. Wadanda abin ya shafa sau da yawa sun kasance matasa sosai don ba da gudummawa ga kowane hukunci. Koyaya, gwamnati ta ƙarfafa dangin wanda aka azabtar da su taimaka a kowane bincike ko gurfanar da masu aikata laifuka. Ganin yarda da al'adu na aika yara maza daga gida don ilimin addini, 'yan uwa galibi ba sa son tallafawa kokarin tilasta bin doka game da masu fataucin mutane. == Rigakafi (2010) == Gwamnatin Guinea-Bissau ta ci gaba da yin ƙoƙari kaɗan don wayar da kan jama'a game da fataucin mutane a lokacin rahoton. Wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da gwamnati ke tallafawa ta horar da masu tsaron iyaka don gano masu aikata laifuka. Masu gadi sun tsare manya maza da ba za su iya tabbatar da cewa su ne iyayen yara da ke ƙoƙarin ƙetare iyaka ba kuma sun shirya jigilar su zuwa hedkwatar 'yan sanda a Gabu. Masu tsaron iyaka ba su tura waɗannan shari'o'in ga 'yan sanda ba don bincike, kuma an saki wadanda ake zargi da fataucin mutane yayin da masu tsaron suka tuntubi iyaye don karɓar yaransu. Kokarin hadin gwiwar yaki da fataucin mutane na kasa ya sami cikas saboda gazawar gwamnati wajen aiwatar da sabbin shirye-shirye a cikin 2009 ko karɓar shirin aikin kasa da aka tsara a baya. Kwamitin ma'aikatun, wanda shugaban Cibiyar Mata da Yara ke jagoranta, ya haɗu a kai a kai a kokarin daidaita martani na gwamnati da jama'a game da fataucin mutane, amma ba su yi wani mataki ba. Gwamnati ba ta dauki matakai don rage bukatar ayyukan [[Karuwanci|Jima'i na kasuwanci]] ko aikin tilas a cikin shekara ba. Guinea-Bissau ba jam'iyya ce ga Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 ba. {{Fataucin Mutane a Afirka}} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Fataucin Mutane a Afirka]] s3j551sypw6tzoo6t8zv1h0tb8rz0bh 0 101634 826887 648603 2026-04-27T06:27:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gasar muhawara ta Jami'o'in Pan-Afrika''' (PAUDC) ita ce babbar gasar muhawara tsakanin jami'o'i a Afirka, wacce [[Jami'ar Botswana]] Debate Masters Association ta kafa a cikin 2008. Ana gudanar da PAUDC a tsarin mahawara ta Majalisar Biritaniya (wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi huɗu na mutane biyu a kowace muhawara). <ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Ghana Debate Society to Participate in the 11th Pan African Universities Debate Championship {{!}} UG Sports Directorate |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/sports/content/university-ghana-debate-society-participate-11th-pan-african-universities-debate |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.ug.edu.gh }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=KNUST Looks For Second Straight Win When They Host PAUDC 2019 {{!}} Campus Informer |url=http://www.campusinformer.org/items.php?iid=1470&title=KNUST%20Looks%20For%20Second%20Straight%20Win%20When%20They%20Host%20PAUDC%202019 |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.campusinformer.org }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=KNUST wins Pan-African Universities Debate Championship for second time |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/December-17th/knust-wins-pan-african-universities-debate-championship-for-second-time.php |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.myjoyonline.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Buga na 2021 na PAUDC shine bugu na 2 da za a gudanar kusan sakamakon hana tafiye-tafiye da sauran batutuwan da cutar ta [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] ta haifar. Jami'ar Botswana Debate Masters Association a [[Botswana|Botswana ce]] ta dauki nauyin gasar a karkashin taken "Channeling Tushen Muhawarar Afirka." <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-20 |title=PAUDC2020 Live: KNUST aims at winning a 3rd consecutive championship as they become the only Ghanaian university to qualify for grande finale |url=https://focusnewsroom.com/2020/12/20/paudc2020-live-knust-aims-at-winning-a-3rd-consecutive-championship-as-they-become-the-only-ghanaian-university-to-qualify-for-grande-finale/ |access-date=2020-12-20 |website=Focus Fm KNUST |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-19 |title=UCC qualifies for the next stage of the ongoing PAUDC-2020 |url=https://hypercitigh.com/campus-news/ucc-campus-news/ucc-debate-society-progresses-to-the-next-stage-of-the-ongoing-pan-african-debate-championship/ |access-date=2020-12-20 |website=Hypercitigh.com |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-03 |title=Botswana to host 2020 PAUDC |url=https://focusnewsroom.com/2020/04/03/botswana-to-host-2020-paudc/ |access-date=2020-04-03 |website=Focus Fm |language=en-US}}</ref> Zakaran PAUDC na yanzu sune Menzimuhle Ncube da Providence Nhongo na [[Jami'ar Cape Town|Jami'ar Cape Town.]] Buga na 2025 da bugu na 17 na wannan gasa, za a shirya shi a [[Johannesburg]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand]] kuma an tsara shi don 1st - 8th na Disamba 2025. == Tarihi == Ofishin Yanki na Afirka na OSI da Shirin Matasa sun ha]a hannu da kwamitin shirya gasar Muhawara ta Jami'o'in Pan-African (PAUDC) da [[Jami'ar Botswana]] don shirya gasar muhawara ta jami'o'in Pan Afrika karo na farko a 2008 don baiwa ɗalibai daga jami'o'in Afirka daban-daban damar yin tambayoyi game da batutuwan da suka shafi Afirka da ma duniya baki ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inaugural Pan-African Universities Debating Championship |url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/events/inaugural-pan-african-universities-debating-championship |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.opensocietyfoundations.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Osei |first=Jennifer |date=2020-01-01 |title=History of Pan African Universities Debate Championship |url=https://www.internewsnetwork.com/history-of-pan-african-universities-debate-championship/ |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=Inter News Network |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tsarin == Ana gudanar da gasar ne a cikin kwanaki takwas. Yawanci yana faruwa a cikin makonni biyu na farkon watan Disamba kuma ana gudanar da shi a wata ƙasa daban kowace shekara Tsarin PAUDC shine Majalisar Dokokin Biritaniya (BP), wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi huɗu na biyu, tare da ƙungiyoyi biyu masu goyan bayan motsi, ƙungiyoyi biyu suna adawa. Ƙungiyoyin muhawara masu zaman kansu ne kuma suna gasa da juna. Gasar dai ta kunshi zagayen share fage guda tara, wadanda za su zama “mai karfin iko” yayin da gasar ke ci gaba da yin daidai da kungiyoyi masu karfi da juna. Tsarin zira kwallaye da kuma haɗa waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ana kiran su "tabbing". Alkalai ne ke yin zira kwallaye a kungiyoyin, wadanda akasarinsu dalibai ne ko kuma tsoffin daliban makarantun da suka fafata, sannan su mayar da “katin zabe” da makinsu ga kungiyar masu yanke hukunci, karkashin jagorancin Babban Alkali wanda daya ko fiye da haka ya taimaka. A karshen muhawarar, an sanya kungiyoyi daga na 1 zuwa na 4. Sunayen tawagar sune kamar haka. Bude Gwamnati (OG), wanda ya kunshi Firayim Minista da Mataimakin Firayim Minista; Masu Budaddiyar Adawa (OO), wanda ya kunshi Shugaban 'yan adawa da Mataimakin Shugaban 'yan adawa; Gwamnatin Rufewa (CG), wanda ya ƙunshi memba na gwamnati da mai kare gwamnati; da Rufe Hamayya (CO), wanda ya kunshi dan adawa da kuma bulala na adawa . Umurnin na magana shi ne Firayim Minista, Shugaban 'yan adawa, Mataimakin Firayim Minista, Mataimakin Shugaban 'yan adawa, da dai sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=KNUST becomes first in West Africa to win 'Pan African Universities Debate' contest |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/December-13th/knust-becomes-first-in-west-africa-to-win-pan-african-universities-debate-contest.php |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == Jerin gasa == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Host City !Hosting Institution !Winning Institution !Final Motion !Best Speaker !Winning team |- |8-14 December 2008 |[[Botswana]], [[Gaborone]] |[[Jami'ar Botswana|University of Botswana]] |Won by the [[Jami'ar Free State|University of the Free State]], South Africa | |- |12-18 December 2009 |[[Botswana]], [[Gaborone]] |[[Jami'ar Botswana|University of Botswana]] |Won by [[Jami'ar Rhodes|Rhodes University]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=editor |first=Online |date=10 January 2010 |title=Rhodes University wins 2009 PAUDC debate champions {{!}} Sunday Standard |url=https://www.sundaystandard.info/rhodes-university-wins-2009-paudc-debate-champions/ |access-date=2020-01-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> |GF: THW abolish all limits on immigration.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-13 |title=EUDC 2009 Newcastle motions {{!}} Debate topics Headquarters |url=https://www.debate-motions.info/eudc-motions/eudc-2009-newcastle-motions/ |access-date=2020-05-04 |website=Debate Motions Headquarters |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128225352/https://debate-motions.info/eudc-motions/eudc-2009-newcastle-motions/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |4-11 December 2010 |[[Namibiya|Namibia]], [[Windhoek]] |University of Namibia |Won by [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand|University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg]] | |- |4-11 December 2011 |[[Zimbabwe]], Bulawayo |Falcon College |Won by the [[Jami'ar Pretoria|University of Pretoria]], South Africa |THW have the African Union take over all peacekeeping duties in Africa |- |9-15 December 2012 |[[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]], Pretoria |[[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane|Tshwane University of Technology]] |Won by the [[Jami'ar Cape Town|University of Cape Town]], South Africa | |Mighti Jamie <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Breaking News news, breaking stories and comment |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/917457/wits-crowned-debating-champions/ }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |November 29- December 8, 2013 |[[Najeriya|Nigeria]], Calabar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tabroom.com |url=https://www.tabroom.com/index/tourn/index.mhtml?webpage_id=207&tourn_id=2029 |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.tabroom.com}}</ref> |[[Jami'ar Calabar|University of Calabar]] |Won by the [[Jami'ar Cape Town|University of Cape Town]], South Africa | |- |4-12 December 2014 |[[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]], Polokwane |[[Jami'ar Limpopo|University of Limpopo]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=uldebatingsociety |date=2014-03-31 |title=PAUDC 2014 aka Kgorong 2.0 (Hosted by The University of Limpopo) |url=https://uldebatingsociety.wordpress.com/2014/03/31/paudc-2014-aka-kgorong-2-0-hosted-by-the-university-of-limpopo/ |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=uldebatesociety |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Snider |first=Alfred Charles |date=2015-01-11 |title=Debate Motion Central: Pan African Universities Debating Championship 2014 |url=http://debatemotioncentral.blogspot.com/2015/01/pan-african-universities-debating.html |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=Debate Motion Central}}</ref> |Won by the [[Jami'ar Botswana|University of Botswana]], Botswana |INFO SLIDE<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-04 |title=Pan Africans Debating Championship 2014 motions |url=https://focusnewsroom.com/2015/01/04/pan-africans-debating-championship-2014-motions/ |access-date=2020-05-04 |website=Focus Fm |language=en-US}}</ref> THR Kim Kardashian's recent photoshoot. |- |8-17 December 2015 |[[Ghana]], Accra |[[Jami'ar Ghana|University of Ghana]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=UG Hosts 8th Pan-African Universities Debate Championship {{!}} University of Ghana |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/ug-hosts-8th-pan-african-universities-debate-championship |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.ug.edu.gh }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Ghana to host the 8th Pan-African Universities Debate Championship - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2015/December-7th/university-of-ghana-to-host-the-8th-pan-african-universities-debate-championship.php |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LEGON 2015: Plans so far |url=https://apps.ug.edu.gh/sports/ug-news/293-legon-2015-plans-and-preparations |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=apps.ug.edu.gh}}</ref> |Won by [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand|University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg]] | |Mighti Jamie <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Breaking News news, breaking stories and comment |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/917457/wits-crowned-debating-champions/ }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |9-17 December 2016 |[[Zimbabwe]], Gweru |Midlands State University |Won by [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand|University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg]] | | |- |7-15 December 2017 |[[Kamaru|Cameroon]], Buea |[[Jami'ar Buea|University of Buea]] |Won by Midlands State University, Zimbabwe<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-15 |title=Breaking News: MSU Crowned 2017 Pan-African Universities Debate Championship (PAUDC) Champions |url=https://ww5.msu.ac.zw/blog/2017/12/15/breaking-news-msu-crowned-2017-pan-african-universities-debate-championship-paudc-champions/ |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=Midlands State University |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413130724/https://ww5.msu.ac.zw/blog/2017/12/15/breaking-news-msu-crowned-2017-pan-african-universities-debate-championship-paudc-champions/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |Minenhle Nzana <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pan African Universities Debating Championship - Wikipedia |url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_African_Universities_Debating_Championship#cite_ref-20/}}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=March 2021}} |- |8-16 December 2018 |[[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], Dars es Salaam |[[Jami'ar Dar es Salaam|University of Dars es Salaam]] |Won by [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] (KNUST)<ref>{{Cite web |title=KNUST becomes first in West Africa to win 'Pan African Universities Debate' contest |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/December-13th/knust-becomes-first-in-west-africa-to-win-pan-african-universities-debate-contest.php |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> | | |- |8-16 December 2019 |[[Ghana]]. [[Kumasi]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=says |first=Hans Junior |title=KNUST launches 2019 Pan-African Universities Debate Championship – Radio Univers 105.7FM |url=https://www.universnewsroom.com/ |access-date=2020-01-19 |language=en}}</ref> |[[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] |Won by [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] (KNUST)<ref>{{Cite web |title=KNUST Wins Pan African Universities Debate Championship 2nd time |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/973801/knust-wins-pan-african-universities-debate-champio.html |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-02 |title=KNUST Debate Team presents Pan African Universities Debate Championship award to the VC, Prof. Kwasi Obiri Danso |url=https://hypercitigh.com/knust-updates/knust-debate-team-presents-pan-african-universities-debate-championship-award-to-the-vc-prof-kwasi-obiri-danso/ |access-date=2020-02-02 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | |Adekunbi Ademola <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAUDC 2019 &#124; Speaker Tab |url=https://akofena-2019.herokuapp.com/PAUDC2019/tab/speaker/ }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |Micheal Ampah and Erasmus Mawuli Segbefia |- |14-20 December 2020 |Virtual |[[Jami'ar Makerere|Makerere University]] and Royal Rhetorics |Won by [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] (KNUST)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-20 |title=KNUST Wins 2020 Pan-African Universities Debate Championship |url=https://hypercitigh.com/campus-news/knust-updates/2020-paudc/ |access-date=2020-12-21 |website=Hypercitigh.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122053301/https://hypercitigh.com/campus-news/knust-updates/2020-paudc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |This House Believes That judicial systems should more harshly punish people found guilty of committing crimes against members of social groups who experience disproportionately high rates of violence regardless of that offender’s intent (i.e. women, ethnic minorities) |lindokuhle Mabaso and Dan Lee |Kojo Opoku Acheampong and Abena Achiaa Otuo |- |09-12 December 2021 |Virtual |University of Botswana |Won by Rhodes University (South Africa) |THW, as the African Union, Grant members of the 6th Region economic and Political Rights |Sodiq Farhan |Franciscus Crouse and Oyisa Katshaza |- |08-15 December 2022 |Nairobi |Strathmore University |Won by Veritas University (Nigeria) |THBT that the AU should recognise the statehood of Somaliland |Elisha Owusu Akyaw |Ayafa Tonye, Edwin Ochiedo |- |03-11 December 2023 |Lome |Universite de Lome |Won by [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST)]] |Champagne socialism refers to a form of socialism where a group of rich/upper class individuals advocate for a fair society where everyone has equal rights and the rich people help the poor. THW promote champagne socialism in Africa |Prosper-Michael Ametu and Umuhairu Teni Alhassan |Prosper-Michael Ametu and Umuhairu Teni Alhassan |- |15-22 December 2024 |Kampala |[[Jami'ar Kyambogo|Kyambogo University]] |Winners, Debate: [[Jami'ar Cape Town|University of Cape Town]], Public Speech: [[Jami'ar Kyambogo|Kyambogo University]] |THR the decline of Ubuntu in African Communities. |Debate: Michelle Adika & Alec Becky, PS: Onyait Churchill. |Menzimuhle Ncube & Providence Nhongo. |- |1-8 December 2025 |Johannesburg |[[Jami'ar Witwatersrand|University of Witwatersrand]] |To be determined |To be determined. |To be determined. |To be determined. |- |December 2026 |Abuja |[[Jami'ar Veritas|Veritas University]] |To be determined |To be determined. |To be determined. |To be determined. |} == Nassoshi == {{reflist|2}} oaaerzmhh44bp6fp7yvc6k8phqdz23n 0 105040 826667 656955 2026-04-26T14:30:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Emmanuel Bartholomew Ekon ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba wanda ke wakiltar Abak / Etim Ekpo / Ika Majalisa ta Tarayya a Majalisar Wakilai . An haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1971, ya fito ne daga Jihar Akwa Ibom . An fara zabarsa a cikin Majalisar a zaben 2011, kuma an sake zabarsa ne a shekarar 2015 a karkashin jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/emmanuel-bartholomew-ekon |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Candidates - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/candidate?id=EKON-EMMANUEL-BARTHOLOMEW-91 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=orderpaper.ng }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] 66r3uvg47ginnjb72y5kk88w7fuf895 0 105086 826655 713311 2026-04-26T13:48:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Emeka Idu Godwin Obiajulu (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952) ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne kuma ɗan majalisa. A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin memba na [[Majalisar dokokin Anambra|Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Anambra]] a karkashin Jam'iyyar Labour, yana wakiltar mazabar Onitsha ta Arewa / Kudu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Candidates - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://www.voter.ng/candidate?id=4074 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.voter.ng |archive-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213050157/https://www.voter.ng/candidate?id=4074 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bankole |first=Idowu |date=2024-07-03 |title=South East Reps' Caucus backs calls for Nnamdi Kanu, others' release |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/07/south-east-reps-caucus-backs-calls-for-nnamdi-kanu-others-release/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Emeka-Idu-Godwin-Obiajulu-1365 |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=orderpaper.ng }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Honorable Members – NALTF |url=https://naltf.gov.ng/honorable-members/ |access-date=2025-07-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Emeka a ranar 3 ga Maris 1962 a Onitsha, wanda ke yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya, a cikin Jihar Anambra . Shi Kirista ne ta hanyar bangaskiya kuma ya fito ne daga dangin da ke da tushe a yankin karamar hukumar Onitsha ta Arewa.<ref name=":4" /> Ya yi amfani da shekarunsa na ƙuruciya a garinsu, inda ya kammala karatunsa na asali.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Emeka Idu biography, net worth, age, family, contact & picture |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16674/hon-emeka-idu?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == Emeka ta wakilci mazabar Onitsha II a karkashin Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party a majalisar dokokin jihar daga 2011 zuwa 2015. A cikin zaben 2015, an zabe shi ya wakilci Onitsha ta Arewa / Kudu a [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa]]. Koyaya, kotun ta nemi a janye takardar shaidarsa, kuma ya kamata a ba Lynda Chuba-Ikpeazu a kan cewa an maye gurbin ta ba daidai ba.<ref name=":0"/> A shekara ta 2023, ya sake lashe mazabar a karkashin dandalin jam'iyyar Labour Party.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=undefined candidate data for 2023 - Stears Elections |url=https://www.stears.co/elections/candidates/emeka-idu-godwin-obiajulu/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.stears.co |archive-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213051932/https://www.stears.co/elections/candidates/emeka-idu-godwin-obiajulu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=YAKUB |first=ABDULRASHEED |date=2023-03-07 |title=INEC releases full list of elected lawmakers for Nigeria's 10th Assembly |url=https://gazettengr.com/inec-releases-full-list-of-elected-lawmakers-for-nigerias-10th-assembly/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Peoples Gazette Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-15 |title=Reps Want NDA to Prioritise Admission of Military Schools Leavers |url=https://www.thelegislatureng.com/reps-want-nda-to-prioritise-admission-of-military-schools-leavers/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=THE LEGISLATURE |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekara ta 2023, ya sake lashe mazabar a karkashin [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] Party.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> Emeka ya bayyana cewa: == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] k2lmei2yg5isxkv05714gi2toz065pz 0 110273 826831 688508 2026-04-26T23:17:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Sanikiluaq_peneplain.JPG|thumb|300x300px|Bayanan sararin samaniya na kusan kwance da nutsar da peneplain a Tsibirin Belcher, Hudson Bay, Kanada, yana yankewa a fadin folds da yawa.]] A cikin [[Ilimin Kimiyyar Juyin Sifar Kasa (Geomorphology)|ilimin ƙasa]] da [[Ilmin duwatsu|ilimin ƙasa]], '''peneplain''' wani fili ne mai ƙarancin ƙarfi wanda aka kafa ta hanyar [[Zaizayar Kasa|rushewa]] mai tsawo. Wannan shine ma'anar a cikin mafi girman sharuɗɗa, kodayake tare da mitar amfani da peneplain yana nufin wakiltar matakin kusa da na ƙarshe (ko na ƙarshe) na [[Zaizayar Kasa|rushewa]] ruwa a lokacin lokutan tsawo na kwanciyar hankali.<ref name="Phillips"> {{Cite journal |last=Phillips |first=Jonathan D |year=2002 |title=Erosion, isostatic response, and the missing peneplains |journal=[[Geomorphology (journal)|Geomorphology]] |volume=45 |issue=3–4 |pages=225–241 |bibcode=2002Geomo..45..225P |doi=10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00156-8}}</ref> Ana danganta Peneplains a wasu lokuta da sake zagayowar ka'idar lalacewa ta William Morris Davis, <ref name="Phillips" /> <ref name="FairFinkl1980">{{Cite journal |last=Fairbridge |first=Rhodes W. |author-link=Rhodes Fairbridge |last2=Finkl Jr. |first2=Charles W. |date=1980 |title=Cratonic erosion unconformities and peneplains |journal=[[The Journal of Geology]] |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |bibcode=1980JG.....88...69F |doi=10.1086/628474 |s2cid=129231129}}</ref> amma Davis da sauran masu bincike sun kuma yi amfani da kalmar a cikin hanyar bayyanawa ba tare da wani ka'idar ko wani asali ba. == Tattaunawa == [[Fayil:Peneplain.jpg|thumb|390x390px|Hoton tsari na ƙididdigar ƙididdigal bayan orogeny.]] Kasancewar wasu peneplains, da peneplanation a matsayin tsari a cikin yanayi, ba tare da gardama ba, saboda rashin misalai na zamani da rashin tabbas wajen gano misalai masu mahimmanci.<ref name="Phillips"/> Ta wasu ma'anoni, peneplains suna da matsayi har zuwa [[Matsayi na asali|matakin tushe]] wanda ke wakiltar [[Sea level|matakin teku]], duk da haka a wasu ma'anar irin wannan yanayin an yi watsi da shi.<ref name="Migon" /> Masanin ilimin ƙasa Karna Lidmar-Bergström da abokan aiki suna la'akari da ma'auni na matakin tushe mai mahimmanci kuma sama da ainihin hanyar samar da peneplains, gami da wannan hanyar wasu pediplains tsakanin peneplains.<ref name="Greenetal2013">{{Cite journal |last=Green |first=Paul F. |last2=Lidmar-Bergström |first2=Karna |author-link2=Karna Lidmar-Bergström |last3=Japsen |first3=Peter |last4=Bonow |first4=Johan M. |last5=Chalmers |first5=James A. |date=2013 |title=Stratigraphic landscape analysis, thermochronology and the episodic development of elevated, passive continental margins |journal=[[Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland|Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin]] |volume=30 |pages=18 |doi=10.34194/geusb.v30.4673 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Karnaetal2014">{{Cite journal |last=Lidmar-Bergström |first=Karna |author-link=Karna Lidmar-Bergström |last2=Bonow |first2=Johan M. |last3=Japsen |first3=Peter |date=2013 |title=Stratigraphic Landscape Analysis and geomorphological paradigms: Scandinavia as an example of Phanerozoic uplift and subsidence |journal=[[Global and Planetary Change]] |volume=100 |pages=153–171 |bibcode=2013GPC...100..153L |doi=10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.10.015}}</ref> Duk da yake ana zaton peneplains sun samo asali ne a kusa da matakin teku an kuma sanya cewa peneplains na iya samo asali a tsawo idan babban sedimentation ya ɗaga matakin tushe na gida sosai <ref name="Babaultetal2005">{{Cite journal |last=Babault |first=Julien |last2=Van Den Driessche |first2=Jean |last3=Bonnet |first3=Stephanie |last4=Castelltort |first4=Sébastien |last5=Crave |first5=Alain |date=2005 |title=Origin of the highly elevated Pyrenean peneplain |url=https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:20401/ATTACHMENT01 |journal=Tectonics |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=n/a |bibcode=2005Tecto..24.2010B |doi=10.1029/2004TC001697 |doi-access=free |access-date=2025-08-03 |archive-date=2024-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106143018/https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:20401/ATTACHMENT01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ko kuma idan cibiyoyin sadarwar kogi suna ci gaba da toshewa ta hanyar lalacewar tectonic. <ref name="Yngetal2015">{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Rong |last2=Willett |first2=Sean D. |last3=Goren |first3=Liran |date=2015 |title=''In situ'' low-relief landscape formation as a result of river network disruption |journal=Nature |volume=520 |issue=7548 |pages=526–530 |bibcode=2015Natur.520..526Y |doi=10.1038/nature14354 |pmid=25903633 |s2cid=1017663}}</ref> Yankunan Pyrenees da Tibetan Plateau na iya zama misali ga waɗannan lokuta biyu bi da bi.<ref name="Babaultetal2005" /><ref name="Yngetal2015" /> Wani kuskuren da aka saba da shi game da peneplains shine cewa ya kamata su kasance a bayyane ba su da alama. A zahiri, wasu peneplains na iya zama tuddai yayin da suke nuna yanayin yanayi mai zurfi, suna samar da daidaituwa zuwa matakin tushe kawai a babban sikelin.<ref name="Greenetal2013"/> [B] A manyan sassan suna da halayyar bayyanar da aka sassaƙa a cikin dutse ba tare da la'akari da Tsarin dutse da lithology ba, amma a cikin daki-daki, ana sarrafa siffar su ta hanyar tsari, alal misali, rarraba ruwa a cikin peneplain na iya bin dutse mai tsayayya. A ra'ayi na Davis manyan rafi sun zama marasa tausayi ga lithology da tsari, wanda ba su kasance ba a lokacin kwarin kwarin na sake zagayowar rushewa. Wannan na iya bayyana wanzuwar koguna da aka ɗora.<ref name="Palmquist" /> [[Fayil:Canisteo_valley_1453.JPG|right|thumb|250x250px|Kogin Canisteo daga Pinnacle State Park, New York. Tsawon tsaunuka masu nisa a wannan tsawo suna wakiltar ragowar wani fili wanda aka ɗaga don samar da Allegheny Plateau, wanda shine filin da aka rarraba a kudu maso yammacin New York. A cikin wannan yanki, sauƙin da aka gani a wasu daga cikin Allegheny Plateau an kewaye shi da glaciation.]] == Nau'o'in peneplains == Akwai kalmomi daban-daban don siffofin ƙasa waɗanda ko dai madadin ne ga peneplains na gargajiya, ƙananan ƙananan peneplains ko kuma wani ɓangare ya haɗu da kalmar. Na ƙarshe shine yanayin shimfidar wuri wanda zai iya zama peneplains ko a'a, yayin da wasu peneplains ba shimfidar wurare ba ne.<ref name="Greenetal2013"/> A cikin aikin su na 2013 Green, Lidmar-Bergström da abokan aiki suna ba da tsarin rarrabuwa mai zuwa ga peneplains: <ref name="Greenetal2013"/> # Yankin da aka tsara ## Mai tafiya ## [[Inselberg|Filin Inselberg]] ## Yankin da ke ƙasa # Rashin tsaunuka Rashin tsaunin tsaunuka ## Yankin tsaunuka Rhodes Fairbridge da Charles Finkl suna jayayya cewa peneplains sau da yawa suna da asali (polygenetic), kamar yadda za a iya tsara su ta hanyar etchplanation a lokacin yanayi mai zafi da pediplanation a lokacin yanayin busasshiyar yanayi. Tsawon lokaci wanda wasu peneplains ke tasowa yana tabbatar da Tasirin yanayi daban-daban.<ref name="FairFinkl1980"/> Marubutan guda ɗaya sun kuma lissafa raguwar ruwa[C] da [[Zaizayar Kasa|rushewar kankara]] tsakanin matakai waɗanda zasu iya ba da gudummawa wajen tsara peneplains.<ref name="FairFinkl1980" /> Bugu da kari, ana iya rarrabe epigene peneplains daga peneplains da aka tono.<ref name="Greenetal2013"/> Epigene peneplains sune wadanda ba a taɓa binne su ba ko kuma an rufe su da dutse mai laushi.<ref name="Greenetal2013" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Twidale |first=C.R. |author-link=Charles Rowland Twidale |date=1985 |title=Old landsurfaces and their implications for models of landscape evolution |journal=Revue de Géomorphologie Dynamique |volume=34 |pages=131–147}}</ref> An gano wuraren da aka gano su ne waɗanda aka sake fallasa su bayan an binne su a cikin turɓaya.<ref name="Greenetal2013" /> Tsohon peneplain da za'a iya ganewa a cikin yanki an san shi da peneplain na farko.<ref name="FairFinkl1980"/> [D] Misali na farko peneplain shine Sub-Cambrian peneplain a kudancin Sweden.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lidmar-Bergström |author-link=Karna Lidmar-Bergström |date=1988 |title=Denudation surfaces of a shield area in southern Sweden |journal=[[Geografiska Annaler]] |volume=70 A |issue=4 |pages=337–350 |doi=10.1080/04353676.1988.11880265}}</ref> === Tsuntsaye === Ma'anar peneplain sau da yawa ana haɗa shi da na pediplain. Koyaya marubutan kamar Karna Lidmar-Bergström sun rarraba pediplains a matsayin nau'in peneplain.<ref name="Greenetal2013"/> Akasin haka Lester Charles King ya riƙe su a matsayin wuraren da ba su dace ba suna jayayya cewa ba su da fili. Sarki ya rubuta cewa: <ref name="King1953">{{Cite journal |last=King |first=L.C. |date=1953 |title=Canons of landscape evolution |journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin |volume=64 |issue=7 |pages=721–752 |bibcode=1953GSAB...64..721K |doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64[721:cole]2.0.co;2}}</ref> : ''Wani peneplain a cikin ma'anar Davisian, wanda ya haifar da raguwar gangara da raguwa, bai wanzu a cikin yanayi ba. Ya kamata a sake bayyana shi a matsayin "wani wuri mai ban mamaki".'' A Sarki bambancin tsakanin pediplains da Davis" peneplains yana cikin tarihi da matakai a bayan kafa su, kuma ƙasa da haka a cikin siffar ƙarshe. Bambanci a cikin siffar da za ta iya kasancewa ita ce ta tsaunuka masu raguwa, waɗanda a cikin Davis" peneplains za su sami gangara mai laushi, yayin da a cikin pediplains ya kamata su sami irin wannan tsayi kamar gangara a farkon matakan rushewa wanda ke haifar da pediplanation.<ref name="King19532">{{Cite journal |last=King |first=L.C. |date=1953 |title=Canons of landscape evolution |journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin |volume=64 |issue=7 |pages=721–752 |bibcode=1953GSAB...64..721K |doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64[721:cole]2.0.co;2}}</ref> Ganin cewa ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa na pediplains sun samar da jerin gangaren ƙuƙwasawa masu laushi, bambanci da fahimtar Davis game da peneplains na iya kasancewa a cikin gaskiyar cewa ƙuɓɓugarsa masu laushi suna da gangaren ƙanƙara masu laushi a maimakon haka. Koyaya, ra'ayoyin Davis game da batun ba su da cikakkiyar fahimta.<ref name="King19532" /> Sabanin wannan ra'ayi [[Rhodes Fairbridge]] da Charles Finkl suna jayayya cewa ainihin tsarin samarwa (pediplanation, da dai sauransu) ba shi da mahimmanci kuma an yi amfani da kalmar peneplain kuma ana iya amfani da ita ta hanyar bayyanawa. Bugu da ƙari, sauyawa na matakai tare da sauyin yanayi, [[Sea level|matakin teku]] na dangi da halittu suna sa tsoffin farfajiyoyi ba za su iya kasancewa na asali ɗaya ba.<ref name="FairFinkl19802">{{Cite journal |last=Fairbridge |first=Rhodes W. |author-link=Rhodes Fairbridge |last2=Finkl Jr. |first2=Charles W. |date=1980 |title=Cratonic erosion unconformities and peneplains |journal=[[The Journal of Geology]] |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |bibcode=1980JG.....88...69F |doi=10.1086/628474 |s2cid=129231129}}</ref> == Tsaro da lalata peneplains == [[Fayil:Hardangerviddaflora.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Filin Hardangervidda a kudancin Norway fili ne wanda aka kafa a zamanin Miocene sannan aka ɗaga shi zuwa tsayinsa na yanzu na 1200 m a.s.l.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Japsen |first=Peter |last2=Green |first2=Paul F. |last3=Chalmers |first3=James A. |last4=Bonow |first4=Johan M. |date=17 May 2018 |title=Mountains of southernmost Norway: uplifted Miocene peneplains and re-exposed Mesozoic surfaces |url=http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/early/2018/04/30/jgs2017-157 |journal=Journal of the Geological Society |volume=175 |issue=5 |pages=721–741 |bibcode=2018JGSoc.175..721J |doi=10.1144/jgs2017-157 |s2cid=134575021}}</ref>]] Ana gano filayen da aka raba daga matakin tushe ta hanyar karɓar bakuncin tarin turɓaya da ke binne shi ko kuma ta hanyar kasancewa a cikin matsayi mai tsawo. Kabari yana adana peneplain. Duk wani peneplain da aka fallasa daga tushe za a iya la'akari da paleosurface ko [[paleoplain]].<ref name="Greenetal2013"/><ref name="bonow2006a">{{Cite journal |last=Bonow |first=Johan M. |last2=Lidmar-Bergström |first2=Karna |last3=Japsen |first3=Peter |date=2006 |title=Palaeosurfaces in central West Greenland as reference for identification of tectonic movements and estimation of erosion |journal=[[Global and Planetary Change]] |volume=50 |issue=3–4 |pages=161–183 |bibcode=2006GPC....50..161B |doi=10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.12.011}}</ref> Hawan farfadowa na peneplain yawanci yana haifar da sabuntawar lalacewa. Kamar yadda Davis ya sanya shi a cikin 1885: <ref name="Orme2007">{{Cite journal |last=Orme |first=Anthony R. |date=2007 |title=The Rise and Fall of the Davisian Cycle of Erosion: Prelude, Fugue, Coda, and Sequel |journal=Physical Geography |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=474–506 |doi=10.2747/0272-3646.28.6.474 |s2cid=128907423}}</ref> : "yanayin da ya lalace dole ne ya jira ko dai har sai an kashe shi ta hanyar nutsewa a ƙarƙashin teku, ko kuma ya sake farfadowa ta hanyar tsawo zuwa sabon zagaye na rayuwa". Ana iya adana filayen da aka ɗaga a matsayin siffofin burbushin halittu a cikin yanayin matsanancin bushewa ko a ƙarƙashin kankara mai sanyi wanda ba ya rushewa.<ref name="Greenetal2013"/> Rushewar peneplains ta hanyar kankara a cikin yankunan garkuwar yana da iyaka.<ref name="Fairbridge1988">{{Cite journal |last=Fairbridge |first=Rhodes W. |author-link=Rhodes Fairbridge |date=1988 |title=Cyclical patterns of exposure, weathering and burial of cratonic surfaces, with some examples from North America and Australia |journal=[[Geografiska Annaler]] |volume=70 A |issue=4 |pages=277–283 |doi=10.1080/04353676.1988.11880257}}</ref><ref name="Karna1997">{{Cite journal |last=Lidmar-Bergström |first=Karna |author-link=Karna Lidmar-Bergström |date=1997 |title=A long-term perspective on glacial erosion |journal=[[Earth Surface Processes and Landforms]] |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=297–306 |bibcode=1997ESPL...22..297L |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199703)22:3<297::AID-ESP758>3.0.CO;2-R}}</ref> A cikin Fennoscandian Shield matsakaicin rushewar kankara a lokacin Quaternary ya kai mita da yawa, kodayake wannan ba a rarraba shi daidai ba.<ref name="Karna1997" /> Don rushewar kankara ya zama mai tasiri a cikin garkuwar dogon "lokacin shiri" na yanayin da ba na kankara ba na iya zama abin buƙata.<ref name="Fairbridge1988" /> Silicification na saman peneplain da aka fallasa zuwa yanayin sub-tropical da na wurare masu zafi na tsawon lokaci na iya kare su daga rushewa.<ref name="Fairbridge1988"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cehc55gy6dx60z7b4y26zv6lzqfb6wu 0 111580 826928 710068 2026-04-27T08:29:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 826928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Carbonate-Silicate_Cycle_(Carbon_Cycle_focus).jpg|alt=|thumb|Wannan adadi ya bayyana fannoni na ilimin ƙasa da matakai na sake zagayowar carbonate silicate, a cikin sake zagayolar carbon na dogon lokaci.]] A '''carbonate-silicate geochemical sake zagayowar''', kuma aka sani da '''inorganic carbon sake zagayowar''', ya bayyana da dogon lokacin da canji na silicate duwatsu zuwa carbonate duwatsu ta weathering da sedimentation, da kuma canji na carbonate duwatsu koma cikin silicate duwatsu ta metamorphism da volcanism.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert |last2=Lasaga |first2=Antonio |last3=Garrels |first3=Robert |date=1983 |title=The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years |journal=American Journal of Science |volume=283 |issue=7 |pages=641–683 |bibcode=1983AmJS..283..641B |doi=10.2475/ajs.283.7.641 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Walker1981">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=James C. G. |last2=Hays |first2=P. B. |last3=Kasting |first3=J. F. |date=1981 |title=A negative feedback mechanism for the long-term stabilization of Earth's surface temperature |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |language=en |volume=86 |issue=C10 |pages=9776–9782 |bibcode=1981JGR....86.9776W |doi=10.1029/JC086iC10p09776 |issn=2156-2202}}</ref> Ana cire [[carbon dioxide]] daga sararin samaniya yayin binne ma'adinan yanayi kuma a mayar da shi cikin yanayin ta hanyar volcanism . A kan ma'auni na shekaru miliyan, zagayowar carbonate-silicate shine babban mahimmanci wajen sarrafa yanayin duniya saboda yana daidaita matakan [[carbon dioxide]] don haka yanayin zafi na duniya. <ref name="Walker1981" /> Yawan yanayin yanayi yana da hankali ga abubuwan da ke canza yawan ƙasar da aka fallasa. Wadannan dalilai sun hada da [[Sea level|matakin teku]], Yanayin ƙasa, lithology, da canje-canje na ciyayi. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan canje-canjen geomorphic da sunadarai sun yi aiki tare da tilasta hasken rana, ko saboda canje-canjin orbital ko juyin halitta na taurari, don ƙayyade zafin jiki na duniya. Bugu da ƙari, an yi la'akari da sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate a matsayin yiwuwar warware matsalar matasa masu rikitarwa.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="Walker1981"/> == Bayani game da sake zagayowar == [[Fayil:Carbon-Slicate_Cycle_Feedbacks.jpg|thumb|Wannan tsari yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin matakai daban-daban na jiki da na sunadarai waɗanda suka zama sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate.]] [[Tsarin carbon]]-silicate shine iko na farko akan matakan [[carbon dioxide]] a tsawon lokaci.<ref name="Walker1981"/> Ana iya ganin shi a matsayin reshe na sake zagayowar carbon, wanda ya haɗa da sake zagayolar carbon na kwayoyin halitta, wanda tsarin halittu ke canza carbon dioxide da ruwa zuwa kwayoyin halitta da iskar oxygen ta hanyar [[photosynthesis]]. === Tsarin jiki da sinadarai === [[Fayil:MicroscopicShell_IceAge.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ana iya amfani da harsashi na Microscopic na Foraminifera da aka samo a cikin ƙwayoyin sediment don ƙayyade yanayin yanayi na baya ciki har da yanayin teku da fannoni na ilmin sunadarai na yanayi.]] Zagayen inorganic yana farawa tare da samar da carbonic acid (H ₂ CO ₃ ) daga ruwan sama da iskar carbon dioxide. Saboda wannan tsari, ruwan sama na yau da kullun yana da pH na kusan 5.6. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Environmental Protection Agency |date=9 February 2016 |title=What is Acid Rain? |url=https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/what-acid-rain}}</ref> Carbonic acid acid ne mai rauni, amma a tsawon lokaci mai tsawo, yana iya narkar da duwatsun silicate (da kuma duwatsun carbonate). Yawancin ɓawon ƙasa (da alkyabba) sun ƙunshi silicates. <ref name="ACSClimateToolkit">{{Cite web |title=Geology and Climate: ACS Climate Science Toolkit |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/oceansicerocks/geologyandclimate.html |website=American Chemical Society |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928193848/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/oceansicerocks/geologyandclimate.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wadannan abubuwa sun rushe zuwa narkar da ions a sakamakon haka. Alal misali, silicate silicate (CaSiO ₃ ), ko wollastonite, yana amsawa tare da carbon dioxide da ruwa don samar da ion calcium, Ca ²⁺, ion bicarbonate, HCO ₃ ^-, da silica narkar da. Wannan tsarin dauki shine wakilcin yanayin yanayin silicate na ma'adanai na silicate na calcium. Hanyar sinadarai ita ce kamar haka: === Bayani === Canje-canje ga farfajiyar duniyar, kamar rashin tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta ko matakan teku mafi girma, wanda zai rage yawan ƙasar da aka fallasa ga yanayin zai iya canza farashin da matakai daban-daban ke faruwa a wannan sake zagayowar Fiye da dubban zuwa daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru, matakan carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi na iya bambanta saboda rikice-rikice na halitta a cikin sake zagayowar <ref name="Berner19912">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |date=April 1, 1991 |title=A model for atmospheric CO₂ over Phanerozoic time |journal=American Journal of Science |volume=291 |issue=4 |pages=339–376 |bibcode=1991AmJS..291..339B |doi=10.2475/ajs.291.4.339 |doi-access=free}}</ref> amma har ma da yawa, yana aiki ne a matsayin mummunan ra'ayi tsakanin matakan carbon dioxide da canje-canjen yanayi.<ref name="Berner19982">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |date=January 29, 1998 |title=The carbon cycle and carbon dioxide over Phanerozoic time: the role of land plants |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences |volume=353 |issue=1365 |pages=75–82 |doi=10.1098/rstb.1998.0192 |pmc=1692179}}</ref><ref name="Berner20032">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |last2=Beerling |first2=David J. |last3=Dudley |first3=Robert |last4=Robinson |first4=Jennifer M. |last5=Wildman, Jr. |first5=Richard A. |date=2003 |title=Phanerozoic Atmospheric Oxygen |journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |volume=31 |issue=31 |pages=105–134 |bibcode=2003AREPS..31..105B |doi=10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141329}}</ref> Misali, idan CO2 ya tara a cikin yanayi, tasirin greenhouse zai yi aiki don kara yawan zafin jiki, wanda hakan zai kara yawan ruwan sama da yanayin silicate, wanda zai cire carbon daga yanayi. Ta wannan hanyar, a cikin dogon lokaci, sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate yana da tasiri mai daidaitawa a kan yanayin Duniya, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka kira shi thermostat na Duniya<ref name="DiVenere">{{Cite web |last=DiVenere |first=Vic |title=The Carbon Cycle and Earth's Climate |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/carbon.htm |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref> == Manazarta == ssv4amm4m1pundeq9tpg8pnm8z1lp1t 826929 826928 2026-04-27T08:30:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 826929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Carbonate-Silicate_Cycle_(Carbon_Cycle_focus).jpg|alt=|thumb|Wannan adadi ya bayyana fannoni na ilimin ƙasa da matakai na sake zagayowar carbonate silicate, a cikin sake zagayolar carbon na dogon lokaci.]] A '''carbonate-silicate geochemical sake zagayowar''', kuma aka sani da '''inorganic carbon sake zagayowar''', ya bayyana da dogon lokacin da canji na silicate duwatsu zuwa carbonate duwatsu ta weathering da sedimentation, da kuma canji na carbonate duwatsu koma cikin silicate duwatsu ta metamorphism da volcanism.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert |last2=Lasaga |first2=Antonio |last3=Garrels |first3=Robert |date=1983 |title=The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years |journal=American Journal of Science |volume=283 |issue=7 |pages=641–683 |bibcode=1983AmJS..283..641B |doi=10.2475/ajs.283.7.641 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Walker1981">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=James C. G. |last2=Hays |first2=P. B. |last3=Kasting |first3=J. F. |date=1981 |title=A negative feedback mechanism for the long-term stabilization of Earth's surface temperature |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |language=en |volume=86 |issue=C10 |pages=9776–9782 |bibcode=1981JGR....86.9776W |doi=10.1029/JC086iC10p09776 |issn=2156-2202}}</ref> Ana cire [[carbon dioxide]] daga sararin samaniya yayin binne ma'adinan yanayi kuma a mayar da shi cikin yanayin ta hanyar volcanism . A kan ma'auni na shekaru miliyan, zagayowar carbonate-silicate shine babban mahimmanci wajen sarrafa yanayin duniya saboda yana daidaita matakan [[carbon dioxide]] don haka yanayin zafi na duniya.<ref name="Walker1981" /> Yawan yanayin yanayi yana da hankali ga abubuwan da ke canza yawan ƙasar da aka fallasa. Wadannan dalilai sun hada da [[Sea level|matakin teku]], Yanayin ƙasa, lithology, da canje-canje na ciyayi. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan canje-canjen geomorphic da sunadarai sun yi aiki tare da tilasta hasken rana, ko saboda canje-canjin orbital ko juyin halitta na taurari, don ƙayyade zafin jiki na duniya. Bugu da ƙari, an yi la'akari da sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate a matsayin yiwuwar warware matsalar matasa masu rikitarwa.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="Walker1981"/> == Bayani game da sake zagayowar == [[Fayil:Carbon-Slicate_Cycle_Feedbacks.jpg|thumb|Wannan tsari yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin matakai daban-daban na jiki da na sunadarai waɗanda suka zama sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate.]] [[Tsarin carbon]]-silicate shine iko na farko akan matakan [[carbon dioxide]] a tsawon lokaci.<ref name="Walker1981"/> Ana iya ganin shi a matsayin reshe na sake zagayowar carbon, wanda ya haɗa da sake zagayolar carbon na kwayoyin halitta, wanda tsarin halittu ke canza carbon dioxide da ruwa zuwa kwayoyin halitta da iskar oxygen ta hanyar [[photosynthesis]]. === Tsarin jiki da sinadarai === [[Fayil:MicroscopicShell_IceAge.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ana iya amfani da harsashi na Microscopic na Foraminifera da aka samo a cikin ƙwayoyin sediment don ƙayyade yanayin yanayi na baya ciki har da yanayin teku da fannoni na ilmin sunadarai na yanayi.]] Zagayen inorganic yana farawa tare da samar da carbonic acid (H ₂ CO ₃ ) daga ruwan sama da iskar carbon dioxide. Saboda wannan tsari, ruwan sama na yau da kullun yana da pH na kusan 5.6. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Environmental Protection Agency |date=9 February 2016 |title=What is Acid Rain? |url=https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/what-acid-rain}}</ref> Carbonic acid acid ne mai rauni, amma a tsawon lokaci mai tsawo, yana iya narkar da duwatsun silicate (da kuma duwatsun carbonate). Yawancin ɓawon ƙasa (da alkyabba) sun ƙunshi silicates. <ref name="ACSClimateToolkit">{{Cite web |title=Geology and Climate: ACS Climate Science Toolkit |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/oceansicerocks/geologyandclimate.html |website=American Chemical Society |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928193848/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/oceansicerocks/geologyandclimate.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wadannan abubuwa sun rushe zuwa narkar da ions a sakamakon haka. Alal misali, silicate silicate (CaSiO ₃ ), ko wollastonite, yana amsawa tare da carbon dioxide da ruwa don samar da ion calcium, Ca ²⁺, ion bicarbonate, HCO ₃ ^-, da silica narkar da. Wannan tsarin dauki shine wakilcin yanayin yanayin silicate na ma'adanai na silicate na calcium. Hanyar sinadarai ita ce kamar haka: === Bayani === Canje-canje ga farfajiyar duniyar, kamar rashin tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta ko matakan teku mafi girma, wanda zai rage yawan ƙasar da aka fallasa ga yanayin zai iya canza farashin da matakai daban-daban ke faruwa a wannan sake zagayowar Fiye da dubban zuwa daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru, matakan carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi na iya bambanta saboda rikice-rikice na halitta a cikin sake zagayowar <ref name="Berner19912">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |date=April 1, 1991 |title=A model for atmospheric CO₂ over Phanerozoic time |journal=American Journal of Science |volume=291 |issue=4 |pages=339–376 |bibcode=1991AmJS..291..339B |doi=10.2475/ajs.291.4.339 |doi-access=free}}</ref> amma har ma da yawa, yana aiki ne a matsayin mummunan ra'ayi tsakanin matakan carbon dioxide da canje-canjen yanayi.<ref name="Berner19982">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |date=January 29, 1998 |title=The carbon cycle and carbon dioxide over Phanerozoic time: the role of land plants |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences |volume=353 |issue=1365 |pages=75–82 |doi=10.1098/rstb.1998.0192 |pmc=1692179}}</ref><ref name="Berner20032">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |last2=Beerling |first2=David J. |last3=Dudley |first3=Robert |last4=Robinson |first4=Jennifer M. |last5=Wildman, Jr. |first5=Richard A. |date=2003 |title=Phanerozoic Atmospheric Oxygen |journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |volume=31 |issue=31 |pages=105–134 |bibcode=2003AREPS..31..105B |doi=10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141329}}</ref> Misali, idan CO2 ya tara a cikin yanayi, tasirin greenhouse zai yi aiki don kara yawan zafin jiki, wanda hakan zai kara yawan ruwan sama da yanayin silicate, wanda zai cire carbon daga yanayi. Ta wannan hanyar, a cikin dogon lokaci, sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate yana da tasiri mai daidaitawa a kan yanayin Duniya, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka kira shi thermostat na Duniya<ref name="DiVenere">{{Cite web |last=DiVenere |first=Vic |title=The Carbon Cycle and Earth's Climate |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/carbon.htm |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref> == Manazarta == 5cjjqfhqonivlrs4i0y2b1jb8dgw7bc 826930 826929 2026-04-27T08:30:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 826930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Carbonate-Silicate_Cycle_(Carbon_Cycle_focus).jpg|alt=|thumb|Wannan adadi ya bayyana fannoni na ilimin ƙasa da matakai na sake zagayowar carbonate silicate, a cikin sake zagayolar carbon na dogon lokaci.]] A '''carbonate-silicate geochemical sake zagayowar''', kuma aka sani da '''inorganic carbon sake zagayowar''', ya bayyana da dogon lokacin da canji na silicate duwatsu zuwa carbonate duwatsu ta weathering da sedimentation, da kuma canji na carbonate duwatsu koma cikin silicate duwatsu ta metamorphism da volcanism.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert |last2=Lasaga |first2=Antonio |last3=Garrels |first3=Robert |date=1983 |title=The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years |journal=American Journal of Science |volume=283 |issue=7 |pages=641–683 |bibcode=1983AmJS..283..641B |doi=10.2475/ajs.283.7.641 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Walker1981">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=James C. G. |last2=Hays |first2=P. B. |last3=Kasting |first3=J. F. |date=1981 |title=A negative feedback mechanism for the long-term stabilization of Earth's surface temperature |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |language=en |volume=86 |issue=C10 |pages=9776–9782 |bibcode=1981JGR....86.9776W |doi=10.1029/JC086iC10p09776 |issn=2156-2202}}</ref> Ana cire [[carbon dioxide]] daga sararin samaniya yayin binne ma'adinan yanayi kuma a mayar da shi cikin yanayin ta hanyar volcanism. A kan ma'auni na shekaru miliyan, zagayowar carbonate-silicate shine babban mahimmanci wajen sarrafa yanayin duniya saboda yana daidaita matakan [[carbon dioxide]] don haka yanayin zafi na duniya.<ref name="Walker1981" /> Yawan yanayin yanayi yana da hankali ga abubuwan da ke canza yawan ƙasar da aka fallasa. Wadannan dalilai sun hada da [[Sea level|matakin teku]], Yanayin ƙasa, lithology, da canje-canje na ciyayi. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan canje-canjen geomorphic da sunadarai sun yi aiki tare da tilasta hasken rana, ko saboda canje-canjin orbital ko juyin halitta na taurari, don ƙayyade zafin jiki na duniya. Bugu da ƙari, an yi la'akari da sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate a matsayin yiwuwar warware matsalar matasa masu rikitarwa.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="Walker1981"/> == Bayani game da sake zagayowar == [[Fayil:Carbon-Slicate_Cycle_Feedbacks.jpg|thumb|Wannan tsari yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin matakai daban-daban na jiki da na sunadarai waɗanda suka zama sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate.]] [[Tsarin carbon]]-silicate shine iko na farko akan matakan [[carbon dioxide]] a tsawon lokaci.<ref name="Walker1981"/> Ana iya ganin shi a matsayin reshe na sake zagayowar carbon, wanda ya haɗa da sake zagayolar carbon na kwayoyin halitta, wanda tsarin halittu ke canza carbon dioxide da ruwa zuwa kwayoyin halitta da iskar oxygen ta hanyar [[photosynthesis]]. === Tsarin jiki da sinadarai === [[Fayil:MicroscopicShell_IceAge.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ana iya amfani da harsashi na Microscopic na Foraminifera da aka samo a cikin ƙwayoyin sediment don ƙayyade yanayin yanayi na baya ciki har da yanayin teku da fannoni na ilmin sunadarai na yanayi.]] Zagayen inorganic yana farawa tare da samar da carbonic acid (H ₂ CO ₃ ) daga ruwan sama da iskar carbon dioxide. Saboda wannan tsari, ruwan sama na yau da kullun yana da pH na kusan 5.6. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Environmental Protection Agency |date=9 February 2016 |title=What is Acid Rain? |url=https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/what-acid-rain}}</ref> Carbonic acid acid ne mai rauni, amma a tsawon lokaci mai tsawo, yana iya narkar da duwatsun silicate (da kuma duwatsun carbonate). Yawancin ɓawon ƙasa (da alkyabba) sun ƙunshi silicates. <ref name="ACSClimateToolkit">{{Cite web |title=Geology and Climate: ACS Climate Science Toolkit |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/oceansicerocks/geologyandclimate.html |website=American Chemical Society |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928193848/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/oceansicerocks/geologyandclimate.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wadannan abubuwa sun rushe zuwa narkar da ions a sakamakon haka. Alal misali, silicate silicate (CaSiO ₃ ), ko wollastonite, yana amsawa tare da carbon dioxide da ruwa don samar da ion calcium, Ca ²⁺, ion bicarbonate, HCO ₃ ^-, da silica narkar da. Wannan tsarin dauki shine wakilcin yanayin yanayin silicate na ma'adanai na silicate na calcium. Hanyar sinadarai ita ce kamar haka: === Bayani === Canje-canje ga farfajiyar duniyar, kamar rashin tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta ko matakan teku mafi girma, wanda zai rage yawan ƙasar da aka fallasa ga yanayin zai iya canza farashin da matakai daban-daban ke faruwa a wannan sake zagayowar Fiye da dubban zuwa daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru, matakan carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi na iya bambanta saboda rikice-rikice na halitta a cikin sake zagayowar <ref name="Berner19912">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |date=April 1, 1991 |title=A model for atmospheric CO₂ over Phanerozoic time |journal=American Journal of Science |volume=291 |issue=4 |pages=339–376 |bibcode=1991AmJS..291..339B |doi=10.2475/ajs.291.4.339 |doi-access=free}}</ref> amma har ma da yawa, yana aiki ne a matsayin mummunan ra'ayi tsakanin matakan carbon dioxide da canje-canjen yanayi.<ref name="Berner19982">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |date=January 29, 1998 |title=The carbon cycle and carbon dioxide over Phanerozoic time: the role of land plants |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences |volume=353 |issue=1365 |pages=75–82 |doi=10.1098/rstb.1998.0192 |pmc=1692179}}</ref><ref name="Berner20032">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |last2=Beerling |first2=David J. |last3=Dudley |first3=Robert |last4=Robinson |first4=Jennifer M. |last5=Wildman, Jr. |first5=Richard A. |date=2003 |title=Phanerozoic Atmospheric Oxygen |journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |volume=31 |issue=31 |pages=105–134 |bibcode=2003AREPS..31..105B |doi=10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141329}}</ref> Misali, idan CO2 ya tara a cikin yanayi, tasirin greenhouse zai yi aiki don kara yawan zafin jiki, wanda hakan zai kara yawan ruwan sama da yanayin silicate, wanda zai cire carbon daga yanayi. Ta wannan hanyar, a cikin dogon lokaci, sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate yana da tasiri mai daidaitawa a kan yanayin Duniya, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka kira shi thermostat na Duniya<ref name="DiVenere">{{Cite web |last=DiVenere |first=Vic |title=The Carbon Cycle and Earth's Climate |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/carbon.htm |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref> == Manazarta == ae44lrkxqs6ymc7zs5km9eelmc1hurx 826931 826930 2026-04-27T08:30:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 826931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Carbonate-Silicate_Cycle_(Carbon_Cycle_focus).jpg|alt=|thumb|Wannan adadi ya bayyana fannoni na ilimin ƙasa da matakai na sake zagayowar carbonate silicate, a cikin sake zagayolar carbon na dogon lokaci.]] A '''carbonate-silicate geochemical sake zagayowar''', kuma aka sani da '''inorganic carbon sake zagayowar''', ya bayyana da dogon lokacin da canji na silicate duwatsu zuwa carbonate duwatsu ta weathering da sedimentation, da kuma canji na carbonate duwatsu koma cikin silicate duwatsu ta metamorphism da volcanism.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert |last2=Lasaga |first2=Antonio |last3=Garrels |first3=Robert |date=1983 |title=The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years |journal=American Journal of Science |volume=283 |issue=7 |pages=641–683 |bibcode=1983AmJS..283..641B |doi=10.2475/ajs.283.7.641 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Walker1981">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=James C. G. |last2=Hays |first2=P. B. |last3=Kasting |first3=J. F. |date=1981 |title=A negative feedback mechanism for the long-term stabilization of Earth's surface temperature |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |language=en |volume=86 |issue=C10 |pages=9776–9782 |bibcode=1981JGR....86.9776W |doi=10.1029/JC086iC10p09776 |issn=2156-2202}}</ref> Ana cire [[carbon dioxide]] daga sararin samaniya yayin binne ma'adinan yanayi kuma a mayar da shi cikin yanayin ta hanyar volcanism. A kan ma'auni na shekaru miliyan, zagayowar carbonate-silicate shine babban mahimmanci wajen sarrafa yanayin duniya saboda yana daidaita matakan [[carbon dioxide]] don haka yanayin zafi na duniya.<ref name="Walker1981" /> Yawan yanayin yanayi yana da hankali ga abubuwan da ke canza yawan ƙasar da aka fallasa. Wadannan dalilai sun hada da [[Sea level|matakin teku]], Yanayin ƙasa, lithology, da canje-canje na ciyayi. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan canje-canjen geomorphic da sunadarai sun yi aiki tare da tilasta hasken rana, ko saboda canje-canjin orbital ko juyin halitta na taurari, don ƙayyade zafin jiki na duniya. Bugu da ƙari, an yi la'akari da sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate a matsayin yiwuwar warware matsalar matasa masu rikitarwa.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="Walker1981"/> == Bayani game da sake zagayowar == [[Fayil:Carbon-Slicate_Cycle_Feedbacks.jpg|thumb|Wannan tsari yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin matakai daban-daban na jiki da na sunadarai waɗanda suka zama sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate.]] [[Tsarin carbon]]-silicate shine iko na farko akan matakan [[carbon dioxide]] a tsawon lokaci.<ref name="Walker1981"/> Ana iya ganin shi a matsayin reshe na sake zagayowar carbon, wanda ya haɗa da sake zagayolar carbon na kwayoyin halitta, wanda tsarin halittu ke canza carbon dioxide da ruwa zuwa kwayoyin halitta da iskar oxygen ta hanyar [[photosynthesis]]. === Tsarin jiki da sinadarai === [[Fayil:MicroscopicShell_IceAge.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ana iya amfani da harsashi na Microscopic na Foraminifera da aka samo a cikin ƙwayoyin sediment don ƙayyade yanayin yanayi na baya ciki har da yanayin teku da fannoni na ilmin sunadarai na yanayi.]] Zagayen inorganic yana farawa tare da samar da carbonic acid (H ₂ CO ₃ ) daga ruwan sama da iskar carbon dioxide. Saboda wannan tsari, ruwan sama na yau da kullun yana da pH na kusan 5.6.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Environmental Protection Agency |date=9 February 2016 |title=What is Acid Rain? |url=https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/what-acid-rain}}</ref> Carbonic acid acid ne mai rauni, amma a tsawon lokaci mai tsawo, yana iya narkar da duwatsun silicate (da kuma duwatsun carbonate). Yawancin ɓawon ƙasa (da alkyabba) sun ƙunshi silicates. <ref name="ACSClimateToolkit">{{Cite web |title=Geology and Climate: ACS Climate Science Toolkit |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/oceansicerocks/geologyandclimate.html |website=American Chemical Society |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928193848/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/oceansicerocks/geologyandclimate.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wadannan abubuwa sun rushe zuwa narkar da ions a sakamakon haka. Alal misali, silicate silicate (CaSiO ₃ ), ko wollastonite, yana amsawa tare da carbon dioxide da ruwa don samar da ion calcium, Ca ²⁺, ion bicarbonate, HCO ₃ ^-, da silica narkar da. Wannan tsarin dauki shine wakilcin yanayin yanayin silicate na ma'adanai na silicate na calcium. Hanyar sinadarai ita ce kamar haka: === Bayani === Canje-canje ga farfajiyar duniyar, kamar rashin tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta ko matakan teku mafi girma, wanda zai rage yawan ƙasar da aka fallasa ga yanayin zai iya canza farashin da matakai daban-daban ke faruwa a wannan sake zagayowar Fiye da dubban zuwa daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru, matakan carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi na iya bambanta saboda rikice-rikice na halitta a cikin sake zagayowar <ref name="Berner19912">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |date=April 1, 1991 |title=A model for atmospheric CO₂ over Phanerozoic time |journal=American Journal of Science |volume=291 |issue=4 |pages=339–376 |bibcode=1991AmJS..291..339B |doi=10.2475/ajs.291.4.339 |doi-access=free}}</ref> amma har ma da yawa, yana aiki ne a matsayin mummunan ra'ayi tsakanin matakan carbon dioxide da canje-canjen yanayi.<ref name="Berner19982">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |date=January 29, 1998 |title=The carbon cycle and carbon dioxide over Phanerozoic time: the role of land plants |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences |volume=353 |issue=1365 |pages=75–82 |doi=10.1098/rstb.1998.0192 |pmc=1692179}}</ref><ref name="Berner20032">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |last2=Beerling |first2=David J. |last3=Dudley |first3=Robert |last4=Robinson |first4=Jennifer M. |last5=Wildman, Jr. |first5=Richard A. |date=2003 |title=Phanerozoic Atmospheric Oxygen |journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |volume=31 |issue=31 |pages=105–134 |bibcode=2003AREPS..31..105B |doi=10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141329}}</ref> Misali, idan CO2 ya tara a cikin yanayi, tasirin greenhouse zai yi aiki don kara yawan zafin jiki, wanda hakan zai kara yawan ruwan sama da yanayin silicate, wanda zai cire carbon daga yanayi. Ta wannan hanyar, a cikin dogon lokaci, sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate yana da tasiri mai daidaitawa a kan yanayin Duniya, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka kira shi thermostat na Duniya<ref name="DiVenere">{{Cite web |last=DiVenere |first=Vic |title=The Carbon Cycle and Earth's Climate |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/carbon.htm |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref> == Manazarta == ps3dvsblv4v2gl3648sedqf36ditf37 826932 826931 2026-04-27T08:30:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 826932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Carbonate-Silicate_Cycle_(Carbon_Cycle_focus).jpg|alt=|thumb|Wannan adadi ya bayyana fannoni na ilimin ƙasa da matakai na sake zagayowar carbonate silicate, a cikin sake zagayolar carbon na dogon lokaci.]] A '''carbonate-silicate geochemical sake zagayowar''', kuma aka sani da '''inorganic carbon sake zagayowar''', ya bayyana da dogon lokacin da canji na silicate duwatsu zuwa carbonate duwatsu ta weathering da sedimentation, da kuma canji na carbonate duwatsu koma cikin silicate duwatsu ta metamorphism da volcanism.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert |last2=Lasaga |first2=Antonio |last3=Garrels |first3=Robert |date=1983 |title=The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years |journal=American Journal of Science |volume=283 |issue=7 |pages=641–683 |bibcode=1983AmJS..283..641B |doi=10.2475/ajs.283.7.641 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Walker1981">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=James C. G. |last2=Hays |first2=P. B. |last3=Kasting |first3=J. F. |date=1981 |title=A negative feedback mechanism for the long-term stabilization of Earth's surface temperature |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |language=en |volume=86 |issue=C10 |pages=9776–9782 |bibcode=1981JGR....86.9776W |doi=10.1029/JC086iC10p09776 |issn=2156-2202}}</ref> Ana cire [[carbon dioxide]] daga sararin samaniya yayin binne ma'adinan yanayi kuma a mayar da shi cikin yanayin ta hanyar volcanism. A kan ma'auni na shekaru miliyan, zagayowar carbonate-silicate shine babban mahimmanci wajen sarrafa yanayin duniya saboda yana daidaita matakan [[carbon dioxide]] don haka yanayin zafi na duniya.<ref name="Walker1981" /> Yawan yanayin yanayi yana da hankali ga abubuwan da ke canza yawan ƙasar da aka fallasa. Wadannan dalilai sun hada da [[Sea level|matakin teku]], Yanayin ƙasa, lithology, da canje-canje na ciyayi. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan canje-canjen geomorphic da sunadarai sun yi aiki tare da tilasta hasken rana, ko saboda canje-canjin orbital ko juyin halitta na taurari, don ƙayyade zafin jiki na duniya. Bugu da ƙari, an yi la'akari da sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate a matsayin yiwuwar warware matsalar matasa masu rikitarwa.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="Walker1981"/> == Bayani game da sake zagayowar == [[Fayil:Carbon-Slicate_Cycle_Feedbacks.jpg|thumb|Wannan tsari yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin matakai daban-daban na jiki da na sunadarai waɗanda suka zama sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate.]] [[Tsarin carbon]]-silicate shine iko na farko akan matakan [[carbon dioxide]] a tsawon lokaci.<ref name="Walker1981"/> Ana iya ganin shi a matsayin reshe na sake zagayowar carbon, wanda ya haɗa da sake zagayolar carbon na kwayoyin halitta, wanda tsarin halittu ke canza carbon dioxide da ruwa zuwa kwayoyin halitta da iskar oxygen ta hanyar [[photosynthesis]]. === Tsarin jiki da sinadarai === [[Fayil:MicroscopicShell_IceAge.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ana iya amfani da harsashi na Microscopic na Foraminifera da aka samo a cikin ƙwayoyin sediment don ƙayyade yanayin yanayi na baya ciki har da yanayin teku da fannoni na ilmin sunadarai na yanayi.]] Zagayen inorganic yana farawa tare da samar da carbonic acid (H ₂ CO ₃ ) daga ruwan sama da iskar carbon dioxide. Saboda wannan tsari, ruwan sama na yau da kullun yana da pH na kusan 5.6.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Environmental Protection Agency |date=9 February 2016 |title=What is Acid Rain? |url=https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/what-acid-rain}}</ref> Carbonic acid acid ne mai rauni, amma a tsawon lokaci mai tsawo, yana iya narkar da duwatsun silicate (da kuma duwatsun carbonate). Yawancin ɓawon ƙasa (da alkyabba) sun ƙunshi silicates. <ref name="ACSClimateToolkit">{{Cite web |title=Geology and Climate: ACS Climate Science Toolkit |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/oceansicerocks/geologyandclimate.html |website=American Chemical Society |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928193848/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/oceansicerocks/geologyandclimate.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wadannan abubuwa sun rushe zuwa narkar da ions a sakamakon haka. Alal misali, silicate silicate (CaSiO ₃ ), ko wollastonite, yana amsawa tare da carbon dioxide da ruwa don samar da ion calcium, Ca ²⁺, ion bicarbonate, HCO ₃ ^-, da silica narkar da. Wannan tsarin dauki shine wakilcin yanayin yanayin silicate na ma'adanai na silicate na calcium. Hanyar sinadarai ita ce kamar haka: === Bayani === Canje-canje ga farfajiyar duniyar, kamar rashin tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta ko matakan teku mafi girma, wanda zai rage yawan ƙasar da aka fallasa ga yanayin zai iya canza farashin da matakai daban-daban ke faruwa a wannan sake zagayowar Fiye da dubban zuwa daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru, matakan carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi na iya bambanta saboda rikice-rikice na halitta a cikin sake zagayowar<ref name="Berner19912">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |date=April 1, 1991 |title=A model for atmospheric CO₂ over Phanerozoic time |journal=American Journal of Science |volume=291 |issue=4 |pages=339–376 |bibcode=1991AmJS..291..339B |doi=10.2475/ajs.291.4.339 |doi-access=free}}</ref> amma har ma da yawa, yana aiki ne a matsayin mummunan ra'ayi tsakanin matakan carbon dioxide da canje-canjen yanayi.<ref name="Berner19982">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |date=January 29, 1998 |title=The carbon cycle and carbon dioxide over Phanerozoic time: the role of land plants |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences |volume=353 |issue=1365 |pages=75–82 |doi=10.1098/rstb.1998.0192 |pmc=1692179}}</ref><ref name="Berner20032">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |last2=Beerling |first2=David J. |last3=Dudley |first3=Robert |last4=Robinson |first4=Jennifer M. |last5=Wildman, Jr. |first5=Richard A. |date=2003 |title=Phanerozoic Atmospheric Oxygen |journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |volume=31 |issue=31 |pages=105–134 |bibcode=2003AREPS..31..105B |doi=10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141329}}</ref> Misali, idan CO2 ya tara a cikin yanayi, tasirin greenhouse zai yi aiki don kara yawan zafin jiki, wanda hakan zai kara yawan ruwan sama da yanayin silicate, wanda zai cire carbon daga yanayi. Ta wannan hanyar, a cikin dogon lokaci, sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate yana da tasiri mai daidaitawa a kan yanayin Duniya, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka kira shi thermostat na Duniya<ref name="DiVenere">{{Cite web |last=DiVenere |first=Vic |title=The Carbon Cycle and Earth's Climate |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/carbon.htm |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref> == Manazarta == 9hufud2f0fbbci4gqkv5e0b9oe0xx11 826933 826932 2026-04-27T08:31:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 826933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Carbonate-Silicate_Cycle_(Carbon_Cycle_focus).jpg|alt=|thumb|Wannan adadi ya bayyana fannoni na ilimin ƙasa da matakai na sake zagayowar carbonate silicate, a cikin sake zagayolar carbon na dogon lokaci.]] A '''carbonate-silicate geochemical sake zagayowar''', kuma aka sani da '''inorganic carbon sake zagayowar''', ya bayyana da dogon lokacin da canji na silicate duwatsu zuwa carbonate duwatsu ta weathering da sedimentation, da kuma canji na carbonate duwatsu koma cikin silicate duwatsu ta metamorphism da volcanism.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert |last2=Lasaga |first2=Antonio |last3=Garrels |first3=Robert |date=1983 |title=The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years |journal=American Journal of Science |volume=283 |issue=7 |pages=641–683 |bibcode=1983AmJS..283..641B |doi=10.2475/ajs.283.7.641 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Walker1981">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=James C. G. |last2=Hays |first2=P. B. |last3=Kasting |first3=J. F. |date=1981 |title=A negative feedback mechanism for the long-term stabilization of Earth's surface temperature |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |language=en |volume=86 |issue=C10 |pages=9776–9782 |bibcode=1981JGR....86.9776W |doi=10.1029/JC086iC10p09776 |issn=2156-2202}}</ref> Ana cire [[carbon dioxide]] daga sararin samaniya yayin binne ma'adinan yanayi kuma a mayar da shi cikin yanayin ta hanyar volcanism. A kan ma'auni na shekaru miliyan, zagayowar carbonate-silicate shine babban mahimmanci wajen sarrafa yanayin duniya saboda yana daidaita matakan [[carbon dioxide]] don haka yanayin zafi na duniya.<ref name="Walker1981" /> Yawan yanayin yanayi yana da hankali ga abubuwan da ke canza yawan ƙasar da aka fallasa. Wadannan dalilai sun hada da [[Sea level|matakin teku]], Yanayin ƙasa, lithology, da canje-canje na ciyayi. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan canje-canjen geomorphic da sunadarai sun yi aiki tare da tilasta hasken rana, ko saboda canje-canjin orbital ko juyin halitta na taurari, don ƙayyade zafin jiki na duniya. Bugu da ƙari, an yi la'akari da sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate a matsayin yiwuwar warware matsalar matasa masu rikitarwa.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="Walker1981"/> == Bayani game da sake zagayowar == [[Fayil:Carbon-Slicate_Cycle_Feedbacks.jpg|thumb|Wannan tsari yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin matakai daban-daban na jiki da na sunadarai waɗanda suka zama sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate.]] [[Tsarin carbon]]-silicate shine iko na farko akan matakan [[carbon dioxide]] a tsawon lokaci.<ref name="Walker1981"/> Ana iya ganin shi a matsayin reshe na sake zagayowar carbon, wanda ya haɗa da sake zagayolar carbon na kwayoyin halitta, wanda tsarin halittu ke canza carbon dioxide da ruwa zuwa kwayoyin halitta da iskar oxygen ta hanyar [[photosynthesis]]. === Tsarin jiki da sinadarai === [[Fayil:MicroscopicShell_IceAge.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ana iya amfani da harsashi na Microscopic na Foraminifera da aka samo a cikin ƙwayoyin sediment don ƙayyade yanayin yanayi na baya ciki har da yanayin teku da fannoni na ilmin sunadarai na yanayi.]] Zagayen inorganic yana farawa tare da samar da carbonic acid (H ₂ CO ₃ ) daga ruwan sama da iskar carbon dioxide. Saboda wannan tsari, ruwan sama na yau da kullun yana da pH na kusan 5.6.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Environmental Protection Agency |date=9 February 2016 |title=What is Acid Rain? |url=https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/what-acid-rain}}</ref> Carbonic acid acid ne mai rauni, amma a tsawon lokaci mai tsawo, yana iya narkar da duwatsun silicate (da kuma duwatsun carbonate). Yawancin ɓawon ƙasa (da alkyabba) sun ƙunshi silicates. <ref name="ACSClimateToolkit">{{Cite web |title=Geology and Climate: ACS Climate Science Toolkit |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/oceansicerocks/geologyandclimate.html |website=American Chemical Society |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928193848/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/oceansicerocks/geologyandclimate.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wadannan abubuwa sun rushe zuwa narkar da ions a sakamakon haka. Alal misali, silicate silicate (CaSiO ₃ ), ko wollastonite, yana amsawa tare da carbon dioxide da ruwa don samar da ion calcium, Ca ²⁺, ion bicarbonate, HCO ₃ ^-, da silica narkar da. Wannan tsarin dauki shine wakilcin yanayin yanayin silicate na ma'adanai na silicate na calcium. Hanyar sinadarai ita ce kamar haka: === Bayani === Canje-canje ga farfajiyar duniyar, kamar rashin tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta ko matakan teku mafi girma, wanda zai rage yawan ƙasar da aka fallasa ga yanayin zai iya canza farashin da matakai daban-daban ke faruwa a wannan sake zagayowar Fiye da dubban zuwa daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru, matakan carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi na iya bambanta saboda rikice-rikice na halitta a cikin sake zagayowar<ref name="Berner19912">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |date=April 1, 1991 |title=A model for atmospheric CO₂ over Phanerozoic time |journal=American Journal of Science |volume=291 |issue=4 |pages=339–376 |bibcode=1991AmJS..291..339B |doi=10.2475/ajs.291.4.339 |doi-access=free}}</ref> amma har ma da yawa, yana aiki ne a matsayin mummunan ra'ayi tsakanin matakan carbon dioxide da canje-canjen yanayi.<ref name="Berner19982">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |date=January 29, 1998 |title=The carbon cycle and carbon dioxide over Phanerozoic time: the role of land plants |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences |volume=353 |issue=1365 |pages=75–82 |doi=10.1098/rstb.1998.0192 |pmc=1692179}}</ref><ref name="Berner20032">{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert A. |last2=Beerling |first2=David J. |last3=Dudley |first3=Robert |last4=Robinson |first4=Jennifer M. |last5=Wildman, Jr. |first5=Richard A. |date=2003 |title=Phanerozoic Atmospheric Oxygen |journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |volume=31 |issue=31 |pages=105–134 |bibcode=2003AREPS..31..105B |doi=10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141329}}</ref> Misali, idan CO2 ya tara a cikin yanayi, tasirin greenhouse zai yi aiki don kara yawan zafin jiki, wanda hakan zai kara yawan ruwan sama da yanayin silicate, wanda zai cire carbon daga yanayi. Ta wannan hanyar, a cikin dogon lokaci, sake zagayowar carbonate-silicate yana da tasiri mai daidaitawa a kan yanayin Duniya, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka kira shi thermostat na Duniya<ref name="DiVenere">{{Cite web |last=DiVenere |first=Vic |title=The Carbon Cycle and Earth's Climate |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/carbon.htm |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} l5ub14zmwr0gi986h4v272o83k0w3jd 0 111669 826856 693157 2026-04-27T03:37:43Z Lotje 3349 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Zeibak.jpg]] → [[File:Clockwise from top left - Fara Zeibak, Mazal Zeibak, Eva Saad and Lulu Zeibak.jpg]] #2 826856 wikitext text/x-wiki Hakkin dan adam a cikin Ba'athist Syria ba su wanzu ba. An dauki rikodin haƙƙin ɗan adam na gwamnati a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi muni a duniya. A sakamakon haka, shahararrun kungiyoyin kasa da kasa sun yi Allah wadai da Syria ta Ba'athist, ciki har da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], Human Rights Watch, [[Amnesty International]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Human Rights Council debates situation of human rights in Syrian Arab Republic in Special Session |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2011/08/human-rights-council-debates-situation-human-rights-syrian-arab-republic |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512100813/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2011/08/human-rights-council-debates-situation-human-rights-syrian-arab-republic |archive-date=12 May 2023 |website=United Nations:OHCHR}}</ref> <ref name="AmInt2009">{{Cite web |title=Amnesty International Report 2009, Syria |url=http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007231314/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria |archive-date=7 October 2009 |access-date=28 April 2017}}</ref> da [[Tarayyar Turai]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2023 |title=European Union (EU) imposes further sanctions on Syrian regime |url=https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2023/04/24/eu-sanctions-syrian-regime-netherlands |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501155117/https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2023/04/24/eu-sanctions-syrian-regime-netherlands |archive-date=1 May 2023 |website=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref> An ƙuntata 'yanci na jama'a,' yancin siyasa,' yanci na magana da taro a ƙarƙashin Gwamnatin neo-Ba'athist na [[Bashar al-Assad]], wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin gwamnatocin da suka fi zalunci a duniya".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Freedom in the World 2023: Syria |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/syria/freedom-world/2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309145759/https://freedomhouse.org/country/syria/freedom-world/2023 |archive-date=9 March 2023 |website=[[Freedom House]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Yacoubian |first=Mona |date=14 March 2023 |title=Syria's Stalemate Has Only Benefitted Assad and His Backers |url=https://www.usip.org/publications/2023/03/syrias-stalemate-has-only-benefitted-assad-and-his-backers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318081024/https://www.usip.org/publications/2023/03/syrias-stalemate-has-only-benefitted-assad-and-his-backers |archive-date=18 March 2023 |website=USIP}}</ref> Zaben 50 na Freedom in the World, rahoton shekara-shekara da Freedom House ta buga tun 1973, ya sanya Siriya a matsayin "Mafi muni daga cikin Mafi muni" a cikin ƙasashen "Ba 'yanci ba". Rahoton ya lissafa Siriya a matsayin daya daga cikin kasashe biyu don samun mafi ƙarancin sakamako (1/100). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Freedom in the World 2023: Syria |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/syria/freedom-world/2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309145759/https://freedomhouse.org/country/syria/freedom-world/2023 |archive-date=9 March 2023 |website=[[Freedom House]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=March 2023 |title=Freedom in the World: 2023 |url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2023-03/FIW_World_2023_DigtalPDF.pdf |edition=50th anniversary |page=31 |via=Freedom House}}</ref> Juyin mulkin shekarar 1963 da kwamitin soji na jam'iyyar Ba'ath ta Siriya ya yi ne ya kori 'yan Ba'athist a kan karagar mulki, wanda ya ba su damar kafa daular kama-karya a Siriya. Bayan wani lokaci na gwagwarmayar neman madafun iko a cikin jam'iyyu wanda ya kai ga juyin mulkin 1970, Janar Hafez al-Assad ya zama shugaban kasar Siriya; kafa mulkin kama-karya na gadon gidan Assad. A cikin shekaru sittin na mulkinta, hukumomin tsaro sun haramtawa duk wani kungiyoyi na zamantakewa, siyasa da tattalin arziki masu zaman kansu ba tare da jam'iyyar Baath ko gwamnatin ba; tabbatar da cewa jihar tana da cikakken ikon mallakar duk nau'ikan kungiyoyi. Yanayin gaggawa ya fara aiki daga 1963 har zuwa Afrilu 2011, yana ba da ikon tsaro na kamawa da tsare fararen hula; gami da fursunonin lamiri.<ref name="AmInt2009">{{Cite web |title=Amnesty International Report 2009, Syria |url=http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007231314/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria |archive-date=7 October 2009 |access-date=28 April 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091007231314/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria "Amnesty International Report 2009, Syria"]. Archived from [http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria the original] on 7 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Daga 1973 zuwa 2012, Siriya kasa ce mai jam'iyya daya. Yayin da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar Syria na shekarar 2012 ya tabbatar da kafa jam'iyyun siyasa da sunan kafa; Tsarin rajista a aikace ya kasance mai wahala kuma gwamnatin ta bincika sosai. Ayyukan siyasa masu zaman kansu ba tare da Ba'ath ba sun raunana a yankunan da gwamnati ke karkashin ikon Mukhabarat kuma suna sa ido sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Freedom in the World 2023: Syria |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/syria/freedom-world/2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309145759/https://freedomhouse.org/country/syria/freedom-world/2023 |archive-date=9 March 2023 |website=[[Freedom House]]}}</ref> Babu wani bangaren shari'a mai zaman kansa, domin ya zama wajibi ga dukkan alkalai da masu gabatar da kara su amince da 'yan jam'iyyar Ba'ath. Dakarun sojan Ba'ath suna da ikon kama mutane ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da gurfanar da su gaban kotu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Freedom in the World 2023: Syria |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/syria/freedom-world/2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309145759/https://freedomhouse.org/country/syria/freedom-world/2023 |archive-date=9 March 2023 |website=[[Freedom House]]}}</ref> An zargi hukumomi da tayar da hankali da kuma ɗaure masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam da sauran masu sukar gwamnati. 'Yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, ƙungiya da taro an sarrafa su sosai, kuma' yan tsiraru na kabilanci sun fuskanci nuna bambanci.<ref name="AmInt2009">{{Cite web |title=Amnesty International Report 2009, Syria |url=http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007231314/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria |archive-date=7 October 2009 |access-date=28 April 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091007231314/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria "Amnesty International Report 2009, Syria"]. Archived from [http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria the original] on 7 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="HRW" /> A Tsawon shekaru da dama na mulkin daular Assad tsakanin 1970 da 2011; Sama da ‘yan Syria 70,000 ne aka yi wa bacewar tilas, sama da 40,000 aka kashe ta hanyar kisan gilla da kuma dubban daruruwan fararen hula suka rasa muhallansu ta hanyar korarsu. After an initial period of economic liberalization that failed to improve human rights in the early 2000s, [[Bashar al-Assad]] launched a string of crackdowns that imprisoned numerous intellectuals and cultural activists; thereby ending the Damascus Spring. At the onset of the Arab Spring in 2011, the country's human rights situation remained among the worst in the world; characterized by [[Kamu da tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba|arbitrary arrests]], mass surveillance by the dreaded secret police and systematic repression of ethnic minorities, such as the [[Kurdawa|Kurds]].<ref name="reuters">{{Cite web |date=2011-01-24 |title=Syria among worst for rights abuses: HRW report |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-rights-idUSTRE70N5S620110124 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150754/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/24/us-syria-rights-idUSTRE70N5S620110124 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=1 July 2017 |website=Reuters}}</ref> The government was guilty of crimes against humanity based on witness accounts of deaths in custody<ref>{{Cite web |title=Document |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/document/?indexNumber=mde24%2f5415%2f2017&language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726212128/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/document/?indexNumber=mde24%2f5415%2f2017&language=en |archive-date=26 July 2019 |access-date=2019-06-17 |publisher=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> including extrajudicial executions,{{Efn|Sources:<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-accuses-syria-of-mass-executions-and-burning-bodies/2017/05/15/b7b66c86-3986-11e7-8854-21f359183e8c_story.html |title=U.S. Says Syria built crematorium to handle mass prisoner killings – the Washington Post |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=5 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706044935/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-accuses-syria-of-mass-executions-and-burning-bodies/2017/05/15/b7b66c86-3986-11e7-8854-21f359183e8c_story.html |archive-date=6 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/ai-estimates-up-to-13000-civilians-executed-in-syrian-military-prison-over-four-years/a-37435537|title=AI estimates up to 13,000 civilians executed in Syrian military prison over four years – News|date=7 February 2017|work=Deutsche Welle|access-date=28 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430025758/http://www.dw.com/en/ai-estimates-up-to-13000-civilians-executed-in-syrian-military-prison-over-four-years/a-37435537|archive-date=30 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ijrcenter.org/2016/02/17/un-experts-widespread-abuses-and-killings-of-detainees-in-syria/|title=UN Experts: Widespread Abuses and Killings of Detainees in Syria|date=17 February 2016|access-date=28 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728172101/http://www.ijrcenter.org/2016/02/17/un-experts-widespread-abuses-and-killings-of-detainees-in-syria/|archive-date=28 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/04/09/syria-extrajudicial-executions|title=Syria: Extrajudicial Executions|date=9 April 2012|access-date=28 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324050307/https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/04/09/syria-extrajudicial-executions|archive-date=24 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>}} [[Gallazawa|torture]],{{Efn|Sources:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-war-news-latest-doctor-reveals-horrific-torture-in-prison-as-amnesty-international-estimates-a7196171.html|title=10 Syrian prisoners 'dying every day' amid horrific torture and abuse|website=[[Independent.co.uk]] |date=17 August 2016|access-date=28 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518125039/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-war-news-latest-doctor-reveals-horrific-torture-in-prison-as-amnesty-international-estimates-a7196171.html|archive-date=18 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-syria-prisons-torture-20160817-snap-story.html|title=Report documents horrific torture in Syrian prisons|date=17 August 2016|access-date=28 April 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408234631/http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-syria-prisons-torture-20160817-snap-story.html|archive-date=8 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/inside-the-torture-chamber-of-assads-inquisition-squads-7180869.html|title=Inside the torture chamber of Assad's inquisition squads|website=[[Independent.co.uk]] |date=19 February 2012|access-date=28 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613035541/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/inside-the-torture-chamber-of-assads-inquisition-squads-7180869.html|archive-date=13 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/07/middleeast/syria-saydnaya-prison-detainee-stories/index.html|title=These men say they survived torture in a Syrian prison|author=Emanuella Grinberg and Eyad Kourdi|publisher=CNN|date=8 February 2017 |access-date=13 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813185829/http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/07/middleeast/syria-saydnaya-prison-detainee-stories/index.html|archive-date=13 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21712142-dissidents-are-being-exterminated-syrian-jails-assads-torture-dungeons|title=Assad's torture dungeons|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=9 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709082943/https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21712142-dissidents-are-being-exterminated-syrian-jails-assads-torture-dungeons|archive-date=9 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>}} rape,{{Efn|Sources:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoISyria/A-HRC-37-CRP-3.pdf?platform=hootsuite |title=Archived copy |access-date=18 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319084709/http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoISyria/A-HRC-37-CRP-3.pdf?platform=hootsuite |archive-date=19 March 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://orient-news.net/en/news_show/111962/0/Surviving-Assad-Syrian-women-tell-stories-of-rape-torture|title=Surviving Assad: Syrian women tell stories of rape, torture|access-date=10 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312053359/http://orient-news.net/en/news_show/111962/0/Surviving-Assad-Syrian-women-tell-stories-of-rape-torture|archive-date=12 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/04/syria-has-a-massive-rape-crisis/274583/|title=Syria Has a Massive Rape Crisis|first=Lauren|last=Wolfe|website=[[The Atlantic]] |date=3 April 2013 |access-date=28 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425142658/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/04/syria-has-a-massive-rape-crisis/274583/|archive-date=25 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>}} arbitrary detentions, ethnic cleansing, genocides, massacres, state terrorism and [[Rashin da aka tilasta|forced disappearances]] during the crackdown against the 2011 Syrian Revolution and the ensuing Civil War. The government had also conducted numerous chemical attacks against its own civilians.{{Efn|Sources:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/ignoring-un-russia-and-assad-continue-syrian-chemical-weapons-and-bombing-attacks-labeled-war-crimes|title=Ignoring UN, Russia and Assad continue Syrian chemical weapons and bombing attacks labeled war crimes|first=George|last=Russell|website=[[Fox News]] |date=6 March 2017|access-date=11 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425092749/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/03/06/ignoring-un-russia-and-assad-continue-syrian-chemical-weapons-and-bombing-attacks-labeled-war-crimes.html|archive-date=25 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-ghouta-idUKKBN1FB13F|title=Rescuers in rebel-held Syrian area accuse government of gas attack|date=2018-01-22|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-06-17|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609010150/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-ghouta-idUKKBN1FB13F|archive-date=9 June 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2018/06/13/opcw-fact-finding-mission-confirms-sarin-chlorine-use-syria/|title=The OPCW Fact Finding Mission Confirms More Sarin and Chlorine Use in Syria|date=2018-06-13|website=bellingcat|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617063158/https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2018/06/13/opcw-fact-finding-mission-confirms-sarin-chlorine-use-syria/|archive-date=17 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/panel-blames-syrian-forces-khan-sheikhoun-attack-171026212414046.html|title=UN panel blames Syrian forces for Khan Sheikhoun attack|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=2019-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163208/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/panel-blames-syrian-forces-khan-sheikhoun-attack-171026212414046.html|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>}} == Tarihin 'yancin ɗan adam == Juyin mulkin da aka yi a shekarar 1963 da kwamitin soji na jam'iyyar Baath ta kasar Siriya ya kifar da jamhuriya ta biyu ta Siriya karkashin jagorancin shugaba Nazim al-Qudsi, wanda ya haifar da mulkin Baath na tsawon shekaru da dama. Sabon tsarin mulkin ya aiwatar da manufofin injiniyan zamantakewa kamar kwace kadarori masu yawa, jihar ta ba da umarnin sake rarraba filaye da dukiya, babban aikin tantancewa, kawar da cibiyoyin buga littattafai masu zaman kansu, mayar da bankuna kasa, tsarin ilimi da masana'antu. An kafa dokar ta-baci wadda ta soke duk wasu jam'iyyun siyasa tare da baiwa sojoji iko mai karfi; mulkin kasar yadda ya kamata a matsayin ‘yan sanda. An gudanar da share fage a ko'ina cikin ƙungiyoyin jama'a, tsarin mulki; kuma sojojin sun cika makil da masu biyayya ga jam’iyyar. Ba'ath na Siriya sun sami tasiri sosai daga jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Larabawa ta Akram Hawrani wadda ta yi riko da Marxism.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2023 |title=This day in history: The Ba'ath Party comes to power in Syria |url=https://en.majalla.com/node/287416/documents-memoirs/day-history-ba%E2%80%99ath-party-comes-power-syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309190918/https://en.majalla.com/node/287416/documents-memoirs/day-history-ba%E2%80%99ath-party-comes-power-syria |archive-date=9 March 2023 |website=Al Majalla}}</ref> A cikin Maris 1964, an hana Yahudawa yin tafiya fiye da kilomita 5 (3 mi) daga garuruwansu. <ref name="jsource2">{{Cite web |title=Jews of Syria |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jews-of-syria |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617092914/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jews-of-syria |archive-date=17 June 2018 |access-date=2019-06-17 |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref> An hana Yahudawa yin aiki da gwamnati ko bankuna, ba za su iya samun lasisin tuƙi ba, kuma an hana su siyan kadarori. Ko da yake an hana Yahudawa fita daga ƙasar, amma a wasu lokuta ana ba su izinin tafiya ƙasashen waje don kasuwanci ko na likita. Duk wani Bayahude da aka ba da izinin barin ƙasar dole ne ya bar jinginar dala $300- $1,000 da kuma dangin da za a yi amfani da su azaman garkuwa don tabbatar da cewa sun dawo. An yi titin filin jirgin sama a kan makabartar Yahudawa da ke birnin Damascus, sannan an rufe makarantun Yahudawa tare da mika wa musulmi. ’Yan sandan sirri suna sa ido a kai a kai a Ƙarshen Yahudawa na Dimashƙu, waɗanda suka halarta a hidimar majami’a, bukukuwan aure, mashaya mashaya, da sauran taron Yahudawa. ’Yan sandan sirri sun sa ido sosai kan dangantakar da ke tsakanin Yahudawan Siriya da baƙi kuma suna ajiye fayil a kan kowane ɗan Yahudawa. Yahudawa kuma sun sa ‘yan sandan sirrin sun karanto wayoyinsu tare da karanta wasikunsu.<ref name="jsource">{{Cite web |title=Jews in Islamic Countries: Syria |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/anti-semitism/syrianjews.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217101221/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/anti-semitism/syrianjews.html |archive-date=17 December 2016 |access-date=17 June 2018}}</ref> Bayan nasarar [[Isra'ila]] a cikin Yakin Kwanaki shida na 1967, an kara karfafa ƙuntatawa, kuma ana iya kashe Yahudawa 57 a Qamishli a cikin kisan gilla. Al'ummomin Damascus, Aleppo, da Qamishli sun kasance a karkashin tsare-tsare na gida na tsawon watanni takwas bayan yakin. An kori ma'aikatan Yahudawa da yawa bayan Yaƙin Kwanaki shida. Bayan kawar da ƙungiyoyin Baathist masu adawa ta hanyar juyin mulki a shekara ta 1970, Janar Hafez al-Assad ya kafa cikakken rinjaye a kan jam'iyyar Baath tare da kafa mulkin kama-karya wanda ya shafi addininsa. Tsarin gwamnatin Assad na 'yan sandan ya ta'allaka ne da kungiyar Ba'ath, sojojin Siriya cike da manyan 'yan Ba'ath da kuma 'yan Alawiyya masu biyayya ga iyalan Assad. Hafez ya mulki Siriya tsawon shekaru talatin, inda ya tura matakan danniya tun daga satar bayanai zuwa hanyoyin ta'addanci na kasa kamar kisan jama'a, korar jama'a da kuma ayyuka kamar azabtarwa, wadanda aka yi gaba daya kan fararen hula.[1] SS-Haupsturmfuhrer Alois Brunner, wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da Holocaust a matsayin na hannun daman Adolf Eichmann, ya taimaka wa al-Assad wajen shirya 'yan sandan sirri na Baath tare da horar da su a kan ayyukan azabtarwa na Nazi Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chandler |first=Adam |date=1 December 2014 |title=Eichmann's Best Man Lived and Died in Syria |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/eichmanns-best-man-lived-and-died-in-syria/383296/ |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Irin waɗannan ayyukan sun kasance ana amfani da su nan da 2021.<ref name="NYBrunner" /> [[Fayil:After_Hama_Massacre_26.jpg|thumb|Tankin sojojin Ba'ath na Syria yana birgima kan rugujewar unguwannin birnin jim kadan bayan kisan kiyashin da Hama ya yi a shekara ta 1982, wanda ya kashe fararen hula kimanin 40,000.]] In 1982, [[Hafez al-Assad]] responded to an insurrection led by the [[Ƴan'uwa Musulmai|Muslim Brotherhood]] in the city of Hama by sending paramilitary forces that indiscriminately killed between 40,000 and 55,000 civilians including children, women, and the elderly during the Hama massacre.<ref name="What Lies Beneath">{{Cite journal |last=Ghadry |first=Farid N. |date=Winter 2005 |title=Syrian Reform: What Lies Beneath |url=http://www.meforum.org/683/syrian-reform-what-lies-beneath |url-status=live |journal=The Middle East Quarterly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304204216/http://www.meforum.org/683/syrian-reform-what-lies-beneath |archive-date=4 March 2011 |access-date=2 April 2011}}</ref> State-violence perpetrated by Assad's reign have targeted women extensively, subjecting them to discrimination and gender-based violence.<ref name="AmInt2009">{{Cite web |title=Amnesty International Report 2009, Syria |url=http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007231314/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria |archive-date=7 October 2009 |access-date=28 April 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091007231314/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria "Amnesty International Report 2009, Syria"]. Archived from [http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria the original] on 7 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Between 1980 and 2000, more than 17,000 Syrian civilians were subjected to [[Rashin da aka tilasta|forced disappearance]] from the Ba'athist regime. During Baathist occupation of Lebanon, numerous Lebanese, Palestinian and other Arab civilians went missing. More than 35 torture techniques were reported to be employed in Syrian prisons and military detention centres during this time. A 1983 report published by [[Amnesty International]] revealed that Assad regime routinely committed mass-executions of alleged dissidents and engaged in the extensive [[Gallazawa|torture]] of prisoners of conscience. Various torture methods in Syrian prisons include electrocutions, ablazing, sexual violence, castration, etc. A shekara ta 2000, Bashar al-Assad ya gaji tsarin mulkin kama karya na Ba'athist Syria bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Tsarin mulkinsa ya kasance da rikice-rikice da zalunci fiye da na Hafez al-Assad. An danganta wannan ga rashin ƙwarewar Bashar a cikin tsaro da harkokin siyasa, ban da rashin tsaro game da rayuwar mulkin iyalinsa. Rahoton Freedom House na 2006 ya lissafa Siriya daga cikin mafi munin kasashe don ƙuntata 'yanci na farar hula da' yancin siyasa; yana ba ta mafi ƙarancin maki a duka matakan biyu. A cikin 2023, Freedom House ta kimanta damar mutane ga [[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'Yancin siyasa]] a Siriya a matsayin mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin rahoton shekara-shekara na Freedom in the World akan ƙasashe 210. Siriya ta kasance "-3" a cikin haƙƙin siyasa - ƙasa da sikelin ta 1 zuwa 7, tare da [[Sudan ta Kudu]] da Yammacin Sahara - kuma an ba Siriya darajar "Ba Free ba". Tun daga 2022, Siriya tana da ƙasa mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin rahoto.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Countries and Territories |url=https://freedomhouse.org/countries/freedom-world/scores |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Syria: Freedom in the World 2022 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/syria/freedom-world/2022 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}</ref> A cewar rahoton na 2008 game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, "girmama 'yancin ɗan adam" gwamnatin Siriya ya tsananta. Jami’an tsaro suna kama da tsare mutane ba tare da bayar da wani dalili ba, galibi suna tsare fursunoni a “tsawon zaman shari’a da tsare-tsare”, da kuma “ azabtarwa da cin zarafin fursunoni da fursunoni”. Gwamnati ta sanya takunkumi mai yawa a kan 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki, yada labarai, taro, da kuma kungiyoyi, a cikin yanayin cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnati. A cewar Cibiyar Harkokin Labaran Larabawa, "duk da yanayin siyasa na gaba ɗaya", akwai "alamu na canji mai kyau," a lokacin zaben 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Arab Press Network |url=http://www.arabpressnetwork.org/articlesv2.php?id=1226 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721002827/http://www.arabpressnetwork.org/articlesv2.php?id=1226 |archive-date=2011-07-21 |access-date=2010-03-06}}</ref> A cewar wani rahoto na 2008 daga Reporters without Borders, "Dole ne 'yan jarida su tantance kansu sosai saboda tsoron jefa su cikin gidan yarin Adra". A shekara ta 2009 an haɗa Siriya a cikin sashin Freedom House na "Mafi munin Mafi muni" kuma an ba shi darajar 7 don 'Yancin Siyasa: da 6 don' Yancin Bil'adama. A cewar Human Rights Watch, tun daga shekara ta 2009 yanayin talauci na haƙƙin ɗan adam na Siriya ya "ƙasa sosai". Hukumomi sun kama masu gwagwarmayar siyasa da kare hakkin dan adam, sun tantance shafukan yanar gizo, sun tsare masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, kuma sun sanya haramtacciyar tafiye-tafiye. Hukumomin tsaro da yawa na Siriya suna ci gaba da tsare mutane ba tare da takardar izinin kamawa ba. Babu jam'iyyun siyasa da aka ba da lasisi kuma dokar ta baci, wadda aka ɗora a 1963, ta ci gaba da aiki. Hanyoyi daban-daban na azabtarwa da aka tura a cibiyoyin tsare-tsare da kurkuku na Siriya sun haɗa da duka na yau da kullun, fyade, tashin hankali na jima'i, "''Bisat al-rih''" (kafet mai tashi), da sauransu. Kafin barkewar juyin juya halin Siriya a shekara ta 2011, an dauki halin da ake ciki na 'yancin dan adam na Ba'athist Syria a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi muni a duniya. Kayan soja na Ba'athist sun kama fararen hula da yawa, sun azabtar da masu adawa da kuma tsananta wa Kurdawa na Siriya. 'Yan sanda na Siriya sun ci gaba da kama 'yan jarida, masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam, shafukan yanar gizo mai tantancewa, haramta hanyoyin watsa labarai, tsare masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, da kuma sanya haramtacciyar tafiye-tafiye. tsare-tsare, [[Gallazawa|azabtarwa]], da ɓacewar tilas sun yadu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Syria: Events of 2008 |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2009/country-chapters/syria |website=HRW.org}}</ref> An kama masu adawa da Kurdawa da masu gwagwarmayar siyasa a kai a kai kuma an ɗaure su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Syria: Events of 2008 |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2009/country-chapters/syria |website=HRW.org}}</ref> An haramta maganganun asalin Kurdawa, tare da nuna bambanci ga Kurdawa kuma an bi da su a matsayin "yan ƙasa na biyu" a cikin Ba'athist Syria.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Syria: Events of 2008 |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2009/country-chapters/syria |website=HRW.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Syria: Events of 2008 |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2009/country-chapters/syria |website=HRW.org}}</ref> Mummunan tashin hankali da ta'addancin da gwamnatin Assad da masu mara masa baya na kasashen waje ke yi a duk fadin kasar bayan barkewar juyin juya halin kasar Siriya a shekara ta 2011 ba a taba ganin irinsa ba, wanda ya zarta ayyukan sauran masu mulkin kama karya na Larabawa wadanda suka murkushe yunkurin kasashen Larabawa. Har ma ya zarce mummunan tashin hankalin da Hafez al-Assad ya yi a lokacin Kisan Hama. Ta hanyar bin munanan manufofin duniya don murkushe juriya da makamai, Bashar ya lalata yawancin kayayyakin more rayuwa na fararen hula, al'adu da tattalin arzikin Syria. Ba kamar mahaifinsa ba, Bashar ya kashe fararen hular Siriya da yawa kuma ya rasa ƴancin kai na siyasa ga 'yan wasan waje kamar Rasha da Iran. Ya zuwa shekarar 2023, fiye da kashi uku na yankunan Siriya sun kasance a wajen ikon gwamnatin Ba'ath. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2017, Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka sun kai hari kan wani sansanin sojan sama na Siriya <ref>{{Cite web |last=Griffin |first=Jennifer |date=6 April 2017 |title=US launches missiles into Syria in response to chemical weapons attack |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/us-launches-missiles-into-syria-in-response-to-chemical-weapons-attack |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428091158/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/04/06/us-launches-missiles-into-syria-in-response-to-chemical-weapons-attack.html |archive-date=28 April 2017 |access-date=28 April 2017 |website=[[Fox News]]}}</ref> wanda aka yi amfani da shi don gudanar da Harin makamai masu guba a kan fararen hula na Siriya. Wannan harin kuma an san shi da Harin makami mai linzami na Shayrat na 2017. A cikin 2018, sojojin hadin gwiwa ciki har da Amurka, Faransa, da Ingila sun kuma gudanar da jerin hare-haren soja a Siriya. == Tsarin shari'a == Ba'athist Syria tana da dogon tarihi na kamawa, shari'o'i marasa adalci da kuma tsawo tsare wadanda ake zargi. Dubban fursunonin siyasa sun kasance a tsare, tare da da mutane da yawa daga cikin haramtaccen Muslim Brotherhood da Jam'iyyar Kwaminis. Tun daga watan Yunin 2000, Shugaba al-Assad ya saki fursunonin siyasa sama da 700 na dogon lokaci, kodayake an ruwaito cewa har yanzu ana ɗaure kimanin 4,000.<ref name="HRW" /> Bayani game da waɗanda aka tsare dangane da tuhumar siyasa ko tsaro ba a bayyana su ba. <ref name="HRW" /> Gwamnati ba ta yarda da alhakin kusan 'yan Lebanon 17,000 da Palasdinawa waɗanda suka " bace" a Lebanon a cikin 1980s da farkon 1990s kuma ana zaton an ɗaure su a Siriya.<ref name="HRW" /> A shekara ta 2009, an kama daruruwan mutane kuma an ɗaure su saboda dalilai na siyasa. An bayar da rahoton cewa 'yan sanda na soja sun kashe akalla fursunoni 17.<ref name="AmInt2009">{{Cite web |title=Amnesty International Report 2009, Syria |url=http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007231314/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria |archive-date=7 October 2009 |access-date=28 April 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091007231314/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria "Amnesty International Report 2009, Syria"]. Archived from [http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria the original] on 7 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Masu gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam suna ci gaba da yin niyya da kuma ɗaure su. <ref name="HRW" /> <ref name="AmInt2009" /><ref> see also {{Cite web |title=Human Rights Watch 2006 Report |url=http://hrw.org/englishwr2k7/docs/2007/01/11/syria14722.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115122233/http://www.hrw.org/englishwr2k7/docs/2007/01/11/syria14722.htm |archive-date=2010-11-15 |access-date=2007-04-25 |publisher=Human Rights Watch}} </ref> A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2020, Netherlands ta bukaci a tuhumi shugaban Syria Bashar al-Assad da laifin laifukan yaki da cin zarafin bil adama da aka aikata a lokacin yakin basasa. Jami'an kasar Holland sun aike da sanarwa ga gwamnatin Siriya kan matakan shari'a da ya kamata a dauka tare da gabatar da kara a kotun kasa da kasa kan gazawar gwamnatin Siriya na yin shawarwari karkashin tsarin MDD.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netherlands puts Syria on notice for human rights abuses |url=https://www.dw.com/en/netherlands-puts-syria-on-notice-for-human-rights-abuses/a-54983941 |access-date=18 September 2020 |website=DW News}}</ref> == Fursunoni na lamiri == [[Fayil:(5)_Montreal_Syrian_solidarity_demonstration_March_27.jpg|right|thumb|Zanga-zangar nuna goyon baya ga al'ummar Siriya a birnin Montreal. Alamar tana cewa: "Dakatar da azabtarwa da cin zarafin fursunoni a Siriya!"]] Daga cikin ɗimbin fursunonin lamiri da aka kama a shekara ta 2009, da kuma ɗaruruwan fursunonin siyasa da aka riga aka tsare a kurkuku, wasu fitattun fursunonin sun haɗa da: * Kamal al-Labwani, a prisoner of conscience who had three years added to his 12-year sentence for allegedly "broadcasting false or exaggerated news which could affect the morale of the country", on account of remarks he was alleged to have made in his prison cell.<ref name="AmInt2009">{{Cite web |title=Amnesty International Report 2009, Syria |url=http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007231314/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria |archive-date=7 October 2009 |access-date=28 April 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091007231314/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria "Amnesty International Report 2009, Syria"]. Archived from [http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria the original] on 7 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> * Nabil Khlioui, an alleged Islamist from Deir al-Zour, who with at least 10 other Islamists, most are presumed to be from Deir al-Zour, remained in incommunicado detention without charge or trial at the end of 2009.<ref name="AmInt2009" /> * Mashaal Tammo, the killed spokesperson for the unauthorized Kurdish Future Current group, who was 'held incommunicado for 12 days and charged with "aiming to provoke civil war or sectarian fighting", "conspiracy" and three other charges commonly brought against Kurdish activists, charges that could lead to the death penalty.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> * Twelve leaders of a prominent gathering of opposition groups, the Damascus Declaration, continue to serve 30-month prison terms. Among those detained is Riad Seif, 62, a former member of parliament who is in poor health. * Habib Saleh was sentenced to three years in jail for "spreading false information" and "weakening national sentiment" in the form of writing articles criticizing the government and defending opposition figure Riad al-Turk.<ref name="w.r.p555" /> {{Quote box|A wannan daren Hamada ya farka yana bukatar amfani da bandaki. Wani mai gadi ne ya buge shi har zuwa bandaki, amma ya shiga shi kadai. Da ya bude rumfar farko, sai ya ga tarin gawarwaki, an yi masu duka da shudi. Ya kara samun wasu biyu a rumfar ta biyu, a sume suka rasa idanunsu. Akwai wani jiki kusa da nutsewa. Hamada ya fito a firgice, amma mai gadi ya mayar da shi ya ce masa, "pee bisa gawar." Ya kasa. Ya fara jin kamar ya rasa rikonsa akan gaskiya. A cewar [[Hukumar bincike ta kasa da kasa mai zaman kanta kan Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Siriya |U.N. bincike]], matattun fursunonin an "ajiye su a bandakuna" a rassan tsaro da yawa a [[Damascus]].}} * Ɗaya daga cikin fursunoni da aka saki shi ne Aref Dalila . Ya yi shekaru bakwai daga cikin shekaru goma da aka yanke masa a kurkuku, yawancin su a cikin kurkuku mai zaman kansa kuma a cikin rashin lafiya, saboda sa hannu a cikin abin da ake kira "Damascus Spring" kafin a sake shi ta hanyar gafarar shugaban kasa.<ref name="AmInt2009">{{Cite web |title=Amnesty International Report 2009, Syria |url=http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007231314/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria |archive-date=7 October 2009 |access-date=28 April 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091007231314/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria "Amnesty International Report 2009, Syria"]. Archived from [http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria the original] on 7 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> * A watan Yunin 2010, [[Mohannad al-Hassani]], shugaban kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Siriya (Swasiya) kuma wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Martin Ennals ta 2010 don masu kare hakkin dan Adam, an same shi da laifin "raunin halin kasa" da kuma "bayar da labarai na karya a cikin Siriya wanda zai iya raunana halin al'umma". An yanke masa hukuncin shekaru uku a kurkuku. Kurkukun Sednaya shi kadai yana da fursunonin siyasa sama da 600. Hukumomin sun tsare mutane da yawa a gidan kurkuku na tsawon shekaru, galibi sun wuce hukuncin da aka yanke musu na shari'a. Kimanin fursunoni 17,000 da suka bace tsawon shekaru sun nuna cewa Syria na iya boye kaburbura.<ref name="What Lies Beneath">{{Cite journal |last=Ghadry |first=Farid N. |date=Winter 2005 |title=Syrian Reform: What Lies Beneath |url=http://www.meforum.org/683/syrian-reform-what-lies-beneath |url-status=live |journal=The Middle East Quarterly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304204216/http://www.meforum.org/683/syrian-reform-what-lies-beneath |archive-date=4 March 2011 |access-date=2 April 2011}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGhadry2005">Ghadry, Farid N. (Winter 2005). [http://www.meforum.org/683/syrian-reform-what-lies-beneath "Syrian Reform: What Lies Beneath"]. ''The Middle East Quarterly''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110304204216/http://www.meforum.org/683/syrian-reform-what-lies-beneath Archived] from the original on 4 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> A wani rahoto da ta fitar a shekara ta 2006, kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Human Rights Watch ta bayar da rahoton yadda ake ci gaba da tsare "dubban" fursunonin siyasa a Syria, "da yawa daga cikinsu 'yan kungiyar 'yan uwa musulmi da kuma jam'iyyar gurguzu ne da aka dakatar." A cewar kwamitin kare hakkin bil adama na kasar Syria, akwai fursunonin siyasa 4,000 da ake tsare da su a gidajen yarin Syria a shekara ta 2006. <ref> {{Cite web |title=Human Rights Watch 2006 Report |url=http://hrw.org/englishwr2k7/docs/2007/01/11/syria14722.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115122233/http://www.hrw.org/englishwr2k7/docs/2007/01/11/syria14722.htm |archive-date=2010-11-15 |access-date=2007-04-25 |publisher=Human Rights Watch}} </ref> == Tortura == [[File:Alois_Brunner.JPG|thumb|SS-Haupsturmfuhrer Alois Brunner, hannun dama na Adolf Eichmann, ya taimaka wa [[Hafez al-Assad]] wajen shirya 'Yan sanda na sirri na Ba'athist kuma ya horar da su kan ayyukan [[Gallazawa|azabtarwa]] na Nazi, a karkashin mafaka ta sirri a Siriya.]] A watan Agustan 2016, Amnesty International ta fitar da wani rahoto da ke magance matsalar azabtarwa da cin zarafi a gidajen yarin gwamnatin Syria wadanda suka hada da cin zarafin bil adama. Tun lokacin da rikicin ya fara a watan Maris na 2011, kungiyar ta kasa da kasa ta kiyasta cewa mutane 17,723 ne ke mutuwa a gidan yari a Syria – wanda ya kai sama da 300 ke mutuwa a kowane wata. A cewar rahoton, sojojin gwamnati sun yi amfani da azabtarwa don tsoratar da 'yan adawa. Amma a yau, suna amfani da shi a matsayin wani sashe na kai hari kan 'yan adawa. A cewar shaidar wasu da suka tsira, an gallazawa fursunonin azaba iri-iri da nufin bata musu mutuntaka, kuma a lokuta da dama ana kashe su. Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Amnesty International ta ce dole ne a gurfanar da wadanda ke da hannu a wannan ta'asa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2016 |title=Harrowing accounts of torture, inhuman conditions and mass deaths in Syria's prisons |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/08/harrowing-accounts-of-torture-inhuman-conditions-and-mass-deaths-in-syrias-prisons/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819073351/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/08/harrowing-accounts-of-torture-inhuman-conditions-and-mass-deaths-in-syrias-prisons/ |archive-date=19 August 2016 |access-date=2016-08-18 |publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> A gidan yarin Sednaya kadai, an kashe fursunoni 13,000 ba tare da shari'a ba tsakanin 2011 da 2015, galibi ta hanyar ratayewa. Wannan wani bangare ne na turawar Assad don kawar da duk masu adawa da mulkinsa. A ranar 6 ga watan Yulin 2020, iyalai na wadanda aka tsare a cikin kurkuku na Gwamnatin [[Siriya]] sun sami hotunan danginsu da suka mutu a cikin hotunan kafofin watsa labarai na mai daukar hoto na 'yan sanda wanda ya zama mai ba da labari, mai suna, Kaisar. Hotunan suna daga cikin dubban hotuna na wadanda aka azabtar, wadanda aka fitar da su daga Siriya a shekarar 2013. An kuma bayyana cewa yawancin 'yan Turai suna cikin wadanda aka azabtar. An bayyana bayyanar [[Gallazawa|azabtarwa]], fyade, [[Kisan Kiyashi|Kisan kiyashi]], hallaka ta hanyar Rahoton Kaisar na 2014, wanda ya rubuta shaidar hoto na mummunan aiki da ke faruwa a cikin kurkukun soja na Siriya. Rahoton ya rubuta jimlar hotuna na dijital 55,000 na jikin mutum da aka azabtar ko aka raba kusan 11,000 da aka tsare.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Report: Syria tortured and executed 11,000 |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/01/report-syria-tortured-executed-11000-20141211307452644.html |access-date=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |last=Ian Black |date=21 January 2014 |title=Syrian regime document trove shows evidence of 'industrial scale' killing of detainees |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/20/evidence-industrial-scale-killing-syria-war-crimes?view=desktop |access-date=5 November 2014 |website=the Guardian}}</ref> Da yake kwatanta wasu dabarun azabtarwa da aka saki a kan 'yan Siriya da aka kama a kurkukun soja, mai ficewar soja Kaisar ya ce:<blockquote>"A bayyane yake cewa an azabtar da su, ba a azabtar da su na yini ɗaya ko biyu ba, an azabtar da su na tsawon watanni masu yawa. Jikinsu rafke ne, kwarangwal ne zalla. Akwai mutane, yawancinsu an zare idanuwansu. Akwai wutar lantarki, za ka iya gane duhun da ke jikinsu da aka yi amfani da su a wurin. An yi amfani da wukake da kuma manyan igiyoyi da ake amfani da su a jikinsu. gawarwakin wadannan mutane 'kowane nau'in azabtarwa,'amma lalatawar idanuwa sun bar tunanin yadda aka kirga nakasu don tilastawa bayanai zuwa 2013, gawarwakin sun cika ma'ajiyar gawarwaki tare da zube a wani garejin ajiye motoci a wani asibitin sojoji.</blockquote>A cikin 2023, [[Kanada]] da [[Holand|Netherlands]] sun haɗa kai don shigar da [[Kanada da Netherlands v. Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Siriya|karar]] a kan Gwamnatin Assad a Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya (ICJ); suna tuhumar Assad da ba da umarnin [[Gallazawa|azabtarwa]], fyade da sauran dabarun lalata da daruruwan dubban fursunoni a cikin cibiyoyin kurkuku na Siriya, gami da mata da yara. Wannan korafin hadin gwiwa ya yi tir da mulkin Ba'athist don haifar da "ciwo da wahala na jiki da na tunani" a matsayin dabarar da aka yi niyya don azabtar da yawan Mutanen Siriya gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2023 |title=Joint statement by Canada and the Kingdom of the Netherlands on instituting proceedings at the International Court of Justice to hold Syria to account for torture |url=https://www.government.nl/documents/diplomatic-statements/2023/06/12/joint-statement-by-canada-and-the-netherlands-on-instituting-proceedings-at-the-international-court-of-justice-to-hold-syria-to-account-for-torture |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613135748/https://www.government.nl/documents/diplomatic-statements/2023/06/12/joint-statement-by-canada-and-the-netherlands-on-instituting-proceedings-at-the-international-court-of-justice-to-hold-syria-to-account-for-torture |archive-date=13 June 2023 |website=Government of Netherlands}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2023 |title=Canada and the Kingdom of the Netherlands jointly institute proceedings against the Syrian Arab Republic and request the Court to indicate provisional measures |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/188/188-20230612-PRE-01-00-EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613135950/https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/188/188-20230612-PRE-01-00-EN.pdf |archive-date=13 June 2023 |website=International Court of Justice.org |pages=1, 2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2023 |title=Canada and the Kingdom of Netherlands vs. the Syrian Arab Republic |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/188/188-20230608-REQ-01-00-EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612142054/https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/188/188-20230608-REQ-01-00-EN.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2023 |website=International Court of Justice.org}}</ref> A cikin wata sanarwa daban, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Holland ta zargi Bashar al-Assad da aikata mummunan take hakkin dan adam, [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] da kuma dabarun rashin mutunci a kan mutanen Siriya "a babban sikelin". Ayyukan hadin gwiwa sun kasance ne bayan maimaita veto na Rasha a cikin Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wanda ya hana kokarin gurfanar da Bashar al-Assad kan laifukan yaki a Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya. == 'Yanci na addini == Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya ba da [['Yancin addini|'yancin addini]]. Koyaya, Gwamnati ta ƙuntata wannan haƙƙin. Duk da yake babu wata addinin gwamnati, Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya buƙaci cewa shugaban kasa Musulmi ne kuma ya ayyana cewa [[Shari'a]] Musulunci, fadada dokar Shari'a ta Musulunci, shine babban tushen doka.<ref name="Jurisprudence">{{Cite web |last=Mutahhari |first=Morteza |author-link=Morteza Motahhari |title=Jurisprudence and its Principles |url=http://www.al-islam.org/jurisprudence/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129064232/http://www.al-islam.org/jurisprudence/ |archive-date=29 January 2011 |access-date=2010-12-08 |publisher=Tahrike Tarsile Qur'an}}</ref> A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta "Rahoton 'Yancin Addini na Duniya na 2007", Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya ba da' yancin bangaskiya da ayyukan addini, idan dai al'adun addini ba su dame tsarin jama'a ba. A cewar rahoton, Gwamnatin Siriya ta sa ido kan ayyukan dukkan kungiyoyi, gami da kungiyoyin addini, sun hana masu tuba, wanda ta dauki barazana ga dangantakar tsakanin kungiyoyin addini. Rahoton ya ce Gwamnati ta nuna bambanci ga Shaidun Jehobah kuma akwai rahotanni na lokaci-lokaci na ƙananan tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyoyin addinai, wasu daga cikin su saboda rikice-rikicen tattalin arziki maimakon haɗin addini. Akwai wasu damuwa tsakanin 'yan tsiraru na addini cewa sauye-sauyen dimokuradiyya zai haifar da zalunci ga' yan tsiraru masu addini ta ƙungiyoyin Islama waɗanda yanzu aka danne. [[Fayil:Clockwise from top left - Fara Zeibak, Mazal Zeibak, Eva Saad and Lulu Zeibak.jpg|left|thumb|286x286px|’Yan’uwan Zeibak: ’Yan matan Siriya-Yahudawa huɗu (’yan’uwa mata uku da ɗan uwansu) waɗanda aka yi musu fyade, aka kashe su, aka yanka su yayin da suke ƙoƙarin gudu zuwa Isra’ila a shekara ta 1974.]] A ranar 14 ga Afrilun 1974, an yi wa 'yan matan Yahudawa hudu fyade, kashe su tare da yanke jiki bayan yunkurin guduwa zuwa Isra'ila. Jami’an ‘yan sandan kan iyaka ne suka gano gawarwakinsu a wani kogo da ke tsaunin Zabdani a arewa maso yammacin birnin Damascus tare da gawarwakin wasu yaran Yahudawa biyu, Natan Shaya mai shekaru 18 da kuma Kassem Abadi mai shekaru 20, wadanda aka kashe a baya-bayan nan.<ref>Friedman, Saul S. (1989). Without Future: The Plight of Syrian Jewry. Praeger Publishers. {{ISBN|978-0-275-93313-5}}</ref> Hukumomin Siriya sun ajiye gawarwakin dukkan shida a cikin jaka a gaban gidajen iyayensu a yankin Yahudawa na Dimashƙu. Sunni na Sham sun fuskanci tsananin wariya da mugun nufi daga na'urorin Baath na Alawiyyawa; tun da jiga-jigan gwamnatin suka danganta su da 'yan adawar Siriya. Sakamakon haka al'ummar Sunni na kasar Siriya sun fuskanci mafi yawa daga cikin zalunci da laifukan yaki da gwamnatin Ba'ath ta yi a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Siriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Freedom in the World 2023: Syria |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/syria/freedom-world/2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309145759/https://freedomhouse.org/country/syria/freedom-world/2023 |archive-date=9 March 2023 |website=[[Freedom House]]}}</ref> == 'Yancin mata == Gwamnatin Siriya na nuna wariya ga mata ta hanyar matakan gudanarwa da suka toshe muryoyinsu da kuma yin lalata da mata a siyasance. Rikicin jima'i ya dade da zama dabarar gwamnati don tilasta bin jama'a. A lokacin yakin basasar Syria, an yi amfani da manyan laifukan fyade a matsayin wata babbar dabara ta yaki da gwamnatin Assad da mayakan Ba’ath a fadin kasar ta Syria. An bayyana cin zarafin mata ta fuskar siyasa da bangaranci a matsayin wani ginshiki na dabarun mulkin soja. Shabiha masu adawa da Sunna da sauran masu goyon bayan Assad suna aiwatar da wannan manufa ne bisa ka'ida, a kan mata da 'yan mata 'yan Sunna. Mata da yawa da ake zargi da nuna juyayi na 'yan adawa ne wasu jami'an tsaro na Ba'ath na tara su tare da yin lalata da su a cibiyoyin tsare gwamnati da gidajen yarin sojoji. Ana yi wa matan karkara da matalauta fyade, da cin zarafi, duka da azabtarwa ba daidai ba a gidajen yarin sojoji. Wata tsohuwa Mukhabarat ta sace mata da yawa tare da yi mata fyade a ofisoshin 'yan sandan sirri. A cewar yawancin wadanda suka tsira, ba za su iya komawa cikin al'ummarsu ba tare da yin adalci a kan wadanda suka aikata laifin ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Forestier |first=Marie |date=March 2017 |title="You want freedom? This is your freedom": Rape as a Tactic of the Assad Regime – |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/77616043.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412205948/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/77616043.pdf |archive-date=12 April 2019 |website=LSE Centre for Women Peace and Security}}</ref> == Hakkin LGBT == Mataki na 520 na kundin hukunta manyan laifuka na 1949, ya haramta yin jima'i, watau "dangantakar jiki da ta sabawa tsarin yanayi", kuma ta tanadi daurin shekaru uku a gidan yari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |title=Refworld – Syria: Treatment and human rights situation of homosexuals: Legal provisions concerning homosexual activity; social treatment of homosexuals (including the issue of "honour killings") |url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4a16a9d92.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110023009/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4a16a9d92.pdf |archive-date=10 January 2011 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=Refworld}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010 'yan sandan Syria sun fara wani farmaki da ya kai ga kama mutane sama da 25. An tuhumi mutanen da laifuffuka daban-daban da suka hada da luwadi da shan muggan kwayoyi ba bisa ka'ida ba, da karfafa dabi'ar luwadi da shirya bukukuwan batsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brocklebank, Christopher |date=2010-06-23 |title=Syrian authorities crack down on gay men |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2010/06/23/syrian-authorities-crack-down-on-gay-men/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011160101/http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2010/06/23/syrian-authorities-crack-down-on-gay-men |archive-date=11 October 2010 |access-date=2010-12-07 |website=Pink News}}</ref> == 'Yanci na motsi == 'Yan Siriya ba za su iya barin kasar ba tare da "visa na fita" da hukumomi suka bayar ba.<ref name="What Lies Beneath">{{Cite journal |last=Ghadry |first=Farid N. |date=Winter 2005 |title=Syrian Reform: What Lies Beneath |url=http://www.meforum.org/683/syrian-reform-what-lies-beneath |url-status=live |journal=The Middle East Quarterly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304204216/http://www.meforum.org/683/syrian-reform-what-lies-beneath |archive-date=4 March 2011 |access-date=2 April 2011}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGhadry2005">Ghadry, Farid N. (Winter 2005). [http://www.meforum.org/683/syrian-reform-what-lies-beneath "Syrian Reform: What Lies Beneath"]. ''The Middle East Quarterly''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110304204216/http://www.meforum.org/683/syrian-reform-what-lies-beneath Archived] from the original on 4 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Mataki na 13 na Universal Declaration of Human Rights ya ba da haƙƙin ɗan adam na 'Yanci na Motsawa kamar haka " (1) Kowane mutum yana da haƙƙin' yancin motsi da zama a cikin iyakokin kowace jiha. (2) Kowane mutum na da haƙƙin barin kowace ƙasa, gami da nasa, da komawa ƙasarsa. " An ce haramcin ya karu sosai tun daga shekara ta 2006, kodayake ainihin kididdigar yana da wuya a samu kamar yadda hukumomin tsaro na sirri galibi su ne ke ba da haramcin. Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Siriya, a cikin Mataki na 38 (3), ya ba da izinin 'yancin motsi "a cikin yankunan jihar sai dai idan an hana shi ta hanyar yanke shawara ta shari'a ko ta hanyar aiwatar da dokokin kiwon lafiya da aminci na jama'a". Bayan lashe zaben shugaban kasa na 2007 a Siriya da kashi 99.82% na kuri'un da aka ayyana, Bashar al-Assad ya aiwatar da matakai da dama wadanda suka kara zafafa danniya na siyasa da al'adu a Siriya. Gwamnatin Assad ta fadada dokar hana tafiye-tafiye a kan 'yan adawa, masana, marubuta da masu fasaha da ke zaune a Siriya; hana su da iyalansu fita kasashen waje. A shekara ta 2010, jaridar The Economist ta bayyana gwamnatin Siriya a matsayin "mafi muni a cikin kasashen Larabawa", wanda ya shiga cikin dokar hana tafiye-tafiye da kuma hana zirga-zirgar jama'a. Fiye da mutane 400 a Syria ne takunkumin hana zirga-zirga na gwamnatin Assad ya takaita a shekarar 2010. A wannan lokacin, gwamnatin Assad ta kama 'yan jarida da yawa kuma ta rufe cibiyoyin yada labarai masu zaman kansu, ban da karfafa tantancewar Intanet. From 2011 to 2015, the last four years of the Syrian war, the freedom of movement has been most widely restricted in certain areas and on certain individuals.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Restrictions vary between regions, partly because of continuous fighting in certain areas.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> In rebel held areas there are severe restrictions on the movement of government supporters (or people thought to be government supporters).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Foreign diplomats are unable to visit a majority of Syria, and are often not allowed outside of Damascus (Syrian capital).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}} A yankunan Jindires a Afrin, da Ras al Ayn, an aiwatar da dokar hana fita a 2012 da 2013 yayin da kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye suka kafa dokar hana fita da karfe 5 na yamma, bayan haka ba za a iya ganin kowa a bainar jama'a ba. Sai kuma a cikin watan Disamba na 2014, an sanar da hana tafiye-tafiye a kan mazan Siriya masu shekaru 18 zuwa 42 (shekarun soja). Takardar ta bayyana cewa dole ne dukkan mazajen Syria su sami izini na musamman na ficewa daga kasar, daga jami’an soji. Misali na haramtacciyar tafiye-tafiye na mutum shine Louay Hussein, shugaban kungiyar adawa a Siriya (Building the Syrian State, ko jam'iyyar BSS), bai iya halartar tattaunawar zaman lafiya a Moscow a watan Afrilun 2015 ba saboda gwamnati ta ki kawar da haramtacciyarsa ta rayuwa, duk da haka a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2015 Hussein ya yi nasarar kauce wa haramcinsa ya gudu zuwa Spain. Har ila yau, masu kare hakkin dan adam na Siriya suna da ƙuntataccen motsi ta hanyar kama su. An kama masu kare hakkin dan adam Mazen Darwish, Hani Al-Zitani, da Hussein Gharir a watan Fabrairun 2012 saboda 'bayyana ayyukan ta'addanci'. Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yi kira akai-akai da a sake su. Jami'ar Al-Furat da ke birnin Deir ez-Zor na fuskantar takunkumin hana zirga-zirga daga 'yan ta'addar ISIS. A watan Janairun 2015 ne aka bayar da da'ira ga shingayen binciken ISIS da ke yankin domin binciki duk daliban jami'ar da ke wucewa. Domin karfafa gwiwar dalibai su yi watsi da karatunsu su shiga cikin kungiyar ISIS, ‘yan tawayen suna takurawa daliban shiga tsakanin yankunan gwamnati da yankunan da ISIS ke rike da su, tare da hana dalibai da dama shiga ko fita cikin harabar jami’ar. Baya ga haka kuma, akwai wasu takunkumin hana motsi da aka sanya wa Mata, alal misali, dokar kasar Syria a yanzu ta bai wa maza damar sanya takunkumi kan wasu 'yan uwa mata. Matan da suka haura shekaru 18 suna da damar yin balaguro zuwa wajen Syria, amma mijin mace na iya gabatar da bukatar a haramta wa matarsa barin kasar. Daga Yuli 2013, a wasu ƙauyuka a Siriya (wato Mosul, Raqqu da Deir el-Zour), ISIS ta daina barin mata su bayyana a bainar jama'a su kaɗai, dole ne su kasance tare da dangi / waliyyi namiji da aka sani da muharrami. Security checkpoints in civilian areas set up by the government and by ISIS have allowed them to monitor these restrictions.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> With the males of Syria often being involved in the fighting, no matter which side, this is leaving many Syrian women at home alone with the children, stranded and unable to leave to purchase food and supplies.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Further, women in Tel Abyad and Idlib city have been banned from driving by ISIS and Jabhat al-Nursa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}} Wasu kasashe sun fara rufe iyakokinsu ga 'yan gudun hijirar Syria. A ranar 7 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 2013, Turkiyya ta gina katanga mai tsawon mita biyu a kan iyakar Siriya a gundumar Nusaybin inda ake yawan gwabza fada da 'yan tawaye. Daga nan kuma a ranar 9 ga watan Maris Turkiyya ta rufe wasu mashigarta guda biyu daga Syria, Oncupinar da Cilvegozu, a matsayin mayar da martani ga karuwar tashe-tashen hankula da fargabar wani shiri na ta'addanci. Ya zuwa wannan lokaci Turkiyya ta karbi 'yan gudun hijirar Siriya kusan miliyan biyu. Har yanzu ana maraba da manyan motocin agaji su tsallaka kan iyaka, amma an rufe shi ga daidaikun mutane. The Ba'athist regime pursued practice of issuing exit visas with strict requirements.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> It also closed the Damascus airport frequently because of growing violence.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Bans on travel were frequently used against human rights activists and their associates, often these people would not learn about their travel ban until they were prevented leaving the country.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Usually no explanations are given for these travel restrictions.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> The government often bans members of the opposition and their families from traveling abroad, and they are targeted if they attempt to, causing opposition families to fear to attempt to leave Syria for fear of being attacked at the airport or border crossing.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Though this action is illegal under international law, Syrian courts have been known to decline to interfere in matters of national security.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}} Mataki na 38 (1) na kundin tsarin mulkin Ba'athist Syria ya bayyana cewa "babu wani ɗan ƙasa da za a iya fitar da shi daga ƙasar, ko kuma a hana shi komawa ciki". Wannan, tare da Mataki na 13 na Yarjejeniya Ta Duniya na Haƙƙin Dan Adam ya haifar da haƙƙin haƙƙin tafiye-tafiye na duniya gabaɗaya. Baya ga hana ‘yan kasar ficewa daga Syria, an kuma sha samun hana ‘yan kasar komawa Syria, ko sun fita ba bisa ka’ida ba ko a’a. An dauki mataki mai kyau dangane da hakan ne a ranar 28 ga watan Afrilun 2015, lokacin da hukumomin Syria suka sanar da cewa 'yan kasar da suka tsere daga yakin za su sake samun fasfo ba tare da tantancewa daga hukumar leken asiri ba, ko kuma ta hanyar Ma'aikatar Hijira da Fasfo. Wadannan ‘yan kasar dai sun gudu ne daga kasar ba bisa ka’ida ba, ko dai ba su dauki fasfo dinsu ba, ko kuma sun rasa su. Human Rights Watch ta ruwaito a cikin Oktoba 2021 cewa 'yan gudun hijirar da suka koma Siriya bisa ga zabin kansu sun sha wahala mai tsanani "cin zarafin bil'adama da kuma tsanantawa a hannun gwamnatin Siriya da kungiyoyin sa kai, ciki har da azabtarwa, kisan gilla, da kuma yin garkuwa da su."<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2021 |title="Our Lives Are Like Death": Syrian Refugee Returns from Lebanon and Jordan |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/10/20/our-lives-are-death/syrian-refugee-returns-lebanon-and-jordan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020060022/https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/10/20/our-lives-are-death/syrian-refugee-returns-lebanon-and-jordan |archive-date=20 October 2021 |website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2021 |title=Syria: Returning Refugees Face Grave Abuse |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/10/20/syria-returning-refugees-face-grave-abuse |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020042042/https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/10/20/syria-returning-refugees-face-grave-abuse |archive-date=20 October 2021 |website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> == 'Yanci na magana da kafofin watsa labarai == Kodayake yawan kafofin watsa labarai na cikin gida sun karu a cikin 2000s, Jam'iyyar Ba'ath ta ci gaba da kula da iko da kuma tantancewa ga manema labarai. An kama 'yan jarida da masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo kuma an gwada su. A shekara ta 2009, kwamitin kare 'yan jarida ya kira Siriya lamba ta uku a cikin jerin kasashe goma mafi munin da za a yi wa mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, saboda kamawa, cin zarafi, da ƙuntatawa da marubutan kan layi a Siriya suka fuskanta. Tsayar da Intanet a cikin Ba'athist Syria ya kasance mai yawa. Gwamnatin Ba'ath ta haramta shafukan yanar gizo kan dalilai na siyasa kuma ta kama mutanen da ke shiga su. Ana buƙatar cafes na Intanet don yin rikodin duk maganganun da masu amfani suka sanya a dandalin tattaunawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bashar Al-Assad, President, Syria |url=http://en.rsf.org/predator-bashar-al-assad,37213.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055816/http://en.rsf.org/predator-bashar-al-assad%2C37213.html |archive-date=2016-03-04 |publisher=Reporters Without Borders}}</ref> An toshe shafukan yanar gizo irin su Wikipedia Larabci, [[YouTube]] da [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] daga 2008 zuwa 2011. An gano tacewa da toshewa a cikin wuraren kayan aikin siyasa da Intanet, kuma suna zaɓaɓɓu a cikin zamantakewa da rikice-rikice / tsaro ta hanyar OpenNet Initiative a watan Agusta 2009. Siriya ta kasance a cikin Reporters Without Borders' Enemy of the Internet tun 2006 lokacin da aka kafa jerin. baya ga tace ire-iren abubuwan da ke cikin gidan yanar gizo, gwamnatin Ba'ath ta Siriya ta sa ido sosai kan yadda ake amfani da Intanet tare da tsare 'yan kasar "saboda bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko bayar da rahoto ta yanar gizo." Dokokin da ba su da fa'ida da faɗin kalmomi suna gayyatar gwamnati cin zarafi kuma sun sa masu amfani da Intanet su shiga aikin tantance kansu don gujewa dalilan da suka sa jihar ta kama. Gwamnatin Ba'ath ta rufe cibiyar yada labarai da fadin albarkacin baki ta Syria a watan Satumban 2009. Ita ce kungiya mai zaman kanta daya tilo ta kasar da ta kware kan harkokin yada labarai, shiga yanar gizo, da sa ido kan kafafen yada labarai a lokacin yakin neman zabe. Ta yi aiki ba tare da amincewar gwamnati ba, kuma ta sanya ido kan take hakkin 'yan jarida kuma ta dauki alhakin hana yada jaridu da mujallu da damapq. Sojojin tsaro na Ba'athist na Siriya sun kama kuma sun doke masu zanga-zangar a ranar 15 ga Yuni 2020. An fara zanga-zangar ne a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2020, a gaban cibiyar gwamnan game da gazawar gwamnati na magance faduwar tattalin arziki, lalacewar yanayin rayuwa da cin hanci da rashawa. [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|HRW]] ta yi kira ga hukumomin Siriya da su saki fursunonin da ke zanga-zangar lumana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2020 |title=Syria: Protesters Describe Beatings, Arrests |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/06/28/syria-protesters-describe-beatings-arrests |access-date=28 June 2020 |website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> Ko da 'yan jarida masu goyon bayan mulkin da aka ba su damar bayar da rahoto a cikin kasar sun kama su da jami'an tsaro kan sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta ko tuhume-tuhumen da ba a fahimta ba kamar kasancewa "ba tare da layi ba". == Kula da Jama'a == Gwamnatin Ba'ath ta mallaki Siriya a matsayin mulkin kama karya kuma ta yi wa kowane bangare na al'ummar Siriya tsaro na tsawon shekaru.<ref name="ifimes.org">{{Cite web |title=Syria: Between oppression and freedom |url=https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/syria-between-oppression-and-freedom/3325 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410215253/https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/syria-between-oppression-and-freedom/3325 |archive-date=10 April 2022 |website=Ifimes}}</ref> Kwamandojin jami'an tsaro na gwamnati - wanda ya kunshi Sojojin Larabawa na Siriya, 'Yan sanda na sirri, da' yan bindiga na Ba'athist - kai tsaye sun aiwatar da ayyukan zartarwa na jihar Siriya ba tare da la'akari da tsari da ya dace da [[Dokokin doka|mulkin doka]] ba. Ayyukan tsaro sun rufe kungiyoyin farar hula, sun rage 'yancin motsi a cikin ƙasar kuma sun haramta wallafe-wallafen siyasa da alamomi wadanda ba na Ba'athist ba.<ref name="ifimes.org" /> A lokacin Mulkin Ba'athist, aikin Soja na al'ummar Siriya ya kara karfi. Adadin ma'aikata a cikin Sojojin Siriya da ƙungiyoyin leken asiri daban-daban sun karu sosai daga 65,000 a 1965 zuwa 530,000 a 1991; kuma sun wuce 700,000 a 2004. 'Yan sandan sirri na Ba'ath sun kunshi fikafikai guda hudu: na janar na leken asiri da kuma daraktocin tsaro na siyasa, wadanda ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida ta Syria ke kula da su, da kuma hukumar leken asiri ta soja da kuma daraktocin leken asiri na sojojin sama, wadanda ma'aikatar tsaron Syria ke kula da su. Hukumar kula da harkokin tsaro ta kasa ta jam'iyyar Socialist Baath Party ce ke kula da wadannan daraktoci guda hudu kai tsaye, kuma shugabannin rassa hudun sun kai rahoto kai tsaye ga shugaban kasar Syria, wanda kuma shi ne babban sakataren jam'iyyar Ba'ath. Tsarin sa ido na Mukhabarat ya zama ruwan dare, kuma an kiyasta sama da jami'ai 65,000 na cikakken lokaci suna aiki a rassa daban-daban a cikin 2000s. Bugu da kari, akwai dubban daruruwan ma'aikata na wucin gadi da masu ba da labari a sassa daban-daban na leken asirin Syria. Dangane da kimantawa, akwai memba ɗaya na rassa daban-daban na 'yan sanda na sirri na Ba'athist ga kowane ɗan ƙasa 158, wanda aka ce yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya.<ref name="ifimes.org">{{Cite web |title=Syria: Between oppression and freedom |url=https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/syria-between-oppression-and-freedom/3325 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410215253/https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/syria-between-oppression-and-freedom/3325 |archive-date=10 April 2022 |website=Ifimes}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220410215253/https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/syria-between-oppression-and-freedom/3325 "Syria: Between oppression and freedom"]. ''Ifimes''. Archived from [https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/syria-between-oppression-and-freedom/3325 the original] on 10 April 2022.</cite></ref> Babban jami'in leken asiri, tsaro na siyasa, da kuma sassan leken asiri na soji na 'yan sandan sirri na Ba'ath suna da rassa da dama a dukkanin gwamnonin da gwamnatin Assad ke iko da su, inda dukkaninsu ke da hedikwata a Damascus. Tare da rashin hukunta gwamnati da gwamnatin Assad ta yi, jami'an Mukhabarat sun yi tasiri sosai a kan hukumomin gida, ƙungiyoyin farar hula da kuma tsarin mulki, inda suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara shawarwarin gudanarwa na Ba'ath. Bugu da ƙari, an sami fafatawa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi da gwagwarmayar mulki a tsakanin sassa daban-daban na ƴan sandan sirri. Masana kimiyya da yawa sun bayyana kayan aikin soja, bureaucratic, da na' yan sanda na sirri na jihar Ba'athist kamar yadda suke samar da tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa na pyramidal tare da tsarin sa ido na Orwellian wanda aka tsara don kawar da ayyukan jama'a masu zaman kansu da rashin amincewa da siyasa tun daga farkonsa. A lokacin mulkin Baath, Syria na daya daga cikin kasashe biyar da aka jera a cikin jerin sunayen ‘yan jarida mara iyaka na “Makiyin Intanet na Jihohi” a watan Maris na 2013, wanda jerin kasashe ne da gwamnatoci ke gudanar da ayyukan sa ido kan kafafen yada labarai wanda ya haifar da tsauraran matakan hana samun bayanai da kuma rayuwar mutum. Gwamnatin Assad ta kara kaimi wajen sa ido kan yanar gizo da sa ido kan yanar gizo a lokacin yakin basasar Syria da sojojinta ta yanar gizo sun tsunduma cikin fasahohin injiniyan zamantakewa da dama da matakan sa ido irin su phishing, malware da kuma katse kiran Skype. == Yaƙin basasar Siriya == A lokacin Yaƙin basasar Siriya, wani rahoto na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayyana ayyukan da jami'an tsaro suka yi a matsayin ''"babban keta haƙƙin ɗan adam"''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2011 |title=UN report: Syrian forces commit 'gross violations' of human rights, CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/11/28/world/meast/syria-un-report/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129205607/http://www.cnn.com/2011/11/28/world/meast/syria-un-report/index.html |archive-date=29 November 2011 |access-date=29 November 2011 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya rubuta 'yan bindiga da suka ki harba a cikin jama'a masu zaman lafiya ba tare da gargadi ba, tambayoyi masu tsanani ciki har da abubuwan cin zarafin jima'i na maza da fyade na yara maza, kashe asibitoci lokacin da suka ji rauni suka nemi taimako, da kuma harbe yara a matsayin yara biyu.<ref name="online">{{Cite web |last=Lauria |first=Joe |date=29 November 2011 |title=More than 250 children among dead, U.N. says |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203935604577066623669457632 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710042103/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203935604577066623669457632 |archive-date=10 July 2017 |access-date=29 November 2011 |website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2011, Human Rights Watch ta bayyana cewa rikodin haƙƙin ɗan adam na Siriya ya fito fili a yankin. Duk da yake Human Rights Watch ba ta sanya masu laifi ba, mutane da yawa sun nuna rahoton kare hakkin dan adam na Siriya a matsayin mafi muni a duniya a cikin 2010.<ref name="reuters">{{Cite web |date=2011-01-24 |title=Syria among worst for rights abuses: HRW report |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-rights-idUSTRE70N5S620110124 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150754/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/24/us-syria-rights-idUSTRE70N5S620110124 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=1 July 2017 |website=Reuters}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-rights-idUSTRE70N5S620110124 "Syria among worst for rights abuses: HRW report"]. ''Reuters''. 24 January 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150754/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/24/us-syria-rights-idUSTRE70N5S620110124 Archived] from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Tun a farkon jawabinsa na bainar jama'a a ranar 30 ga Maris 2011, Assad ya bayyana aniyarsa ta kawar da zanga-zangar da karfin tuwo. Ya kuma bayyana zanga-zangar a matsayin makarkashiyar kiyayya da Siriya don tayar da “Fitna” sannan kuma ya ninka matsayinsa na kin jinin Larabawa yana mai cewa: “Binne tada tarzoma aiki ne na kasa, da’a, da kuma addini, kuma duk wanda zai iya bayar da gudunmawa wajen binne ta kuma ba sa cikinta, babu sulhu ko tsaka-tsaki a cikin hakan. A cikin Afrilu 2011, Assad ya kafa Central Crisis Management Cell, wani kwamiti na sirri wanda ya ƙunshi manyan jami'an Baath da kuma manyan dangin Assad, wanda ya shirya tsagaita wuta na ƙasa don murkushe zanga-zangar juyin juya halin Siriya. Yayin da juyin juya halin Musulunci ya bazu a dukkan lardunan kasar ta Siriya, kungiyar 'yan tawayen kasar ta yanke shawarar zafafa danniya ta hanyar kara kai hare-hare tare da daidaita matakan tsaro, a wani taron jam'iyyar Ba'ath. Muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin sabon dabarun murkushe sun hada da: * An umarci 'yan sanda na sirri da sojoji da su fara manyan hare-hare a cikin gidajen masu tsara zanga-zangar da' yan jarida masu zaman kansu * "da zarar an wanke kowane bangare daga mutanen da ake nema", Sojojin Ba'ath sun mamaye waɗannan yankuna a ƙarƙashin kariya ta Sojojin Siriya kuma sun hana waɗanda suka tsira komawa gidajensu * Kafa "kwamitin bincike na hadin gwiwa" karkashin jagorancin shugabannin sassan tsaro na Baathist a duk larduna don tsare masu fafutuka da ake zargi da kuma bincika su a kurkuku * Canja wurin binciken a duk rassan tsaro don gano ƙarin wadanda ake zargi * An ba da umarnin ga shugabannin lardin jam'iyyar waɗanda aka umurce su da su aiwatar da umarnin cikin sauri a yankunansu {{Quote box|Muna da kisan kai, muna da halaka, muna da [[azabtarwa]], muna da [[fyade]], muna da sauran nau'ikan [[fitilar jima'i]]. Muna da tsarewar zalunci. Muna da [[gyara]]. Babu shakka sun kai ga shugaba [[Bashar al-Assad|Assad]]. Ina nufin, wannan babban ƙasa ne, ƙoƙarin da aka tsara. Akwai takardu da sunansa a ciki. A bayyane yake, yana tsara wannan dabarar.. Mun sami mafi kyawun shaida akan Assad da ƙwaƙƙwaransa fiye da yadda muke da shi a kan [Milosevic] a [Yugoslavia]…|source=- Lauya [[Stephen Rapp]], Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Shari'a da Laifukan Kasa da Kasa (CIJA), kan laifuffukan yaki na gwamnatin Assad<ref>{{Cite news | last=Pileggi |first=Tamar |date=18 Fabrairu 2021 |title=Tsohon mai gabatar da kara: Karin hujjoji na laifukan yaki da aka yi wa Shugaban Syria Assad | BS Newswork |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bashar-al-assad-syria-60-minutes-2021-02-18/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220181937/https://www.cbsnews.com/labarai/bashar-al-assad-syria-60-minutes-2021-02-18/ |archive-date=20 December 2021}}|align=right|width=25em}} Yayinda [[Navi Pillay]], [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Babban Kwamishinan]] [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] na 'Yancin Dan Adam, ya ce bangarorin biyu a cikin rikici sun bayyana sun aikata [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] a shekarar 2012, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2012 |title=Assad's regime, Syrian rebels both committed war crimes: U.N. official |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/07/02/224077.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731154420/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/07/02/224077.html |archive-date=31 July 2012 |access-date=12 July 2012 |publisher=Al Arabiya News}}</ref> Hukumar Bincike ta Duniya mai zaman kanta ta Majalisar Dinkinobho kan Siriya ta kuma zargi yawancin ta'addanci a kan sojojin Gwamnatin Assad. Sojojin Baathist ne ke da alhakin mafi yawan kashe-kashen a lokacin yakin, wanda ya fi yawan wadanda suka mutu da kungiyoyi kamar IS suka yi. Fiye da mutuwar 21,000 sun faru a cikin 2015 kadai, tare da fiye da 75% daga cikinsu (fiye da 15,700) da sojojin gwamnatin Siriya suka aikata. Har ila yau, hare-haren gwamnati sun haifar da mutuwar fararen hula sama da 12,000, tare da kusan 38% na wadanda abin ya shafa mata da yara ne. On 2 March 2018, [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|UN High Commissioner for Human Rights]], Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein said, "Syria must be referred to the [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|International Criminal Court]]. Attempts to thwart justice, and shield these criminals, are disgraceful." Commission for International Justice and Accountability (CIJA), an independent war-crimes documentation agency has been conducting investigations on the crimes and atrocities committed during the Syrian war, with the organization employing around a hundred Syrians and Iraqis in the country, some of them insiders within the state bureaucratic apparatus. In December 2018, CIJA chief Stephen Rapp who formerly served as the US Ambassador for Global Criminal Justice, stated that war-crimes committed by the Syrian regime constituted a "solid kind of evidence that we haven't really had since Nuremberg, when the Nazis were prosecuted." The proofs of documented crimes included a vast array of sources, ranging from 2 million video footages to the documents seized from the Baathist regional committees and command Crisis Centres. Rapp asserted that despite Russian objections in the UN Security Council, the evidences are sufficient for an [[Sanarwar Interpol|international arrest warrant]].<ref name="Taub" /><ref name="Hall" /> === Cibiyoyin Tsaro === Cibiyoyin tsare mutanen da gwamnatin Assad ke gudanarwa na daya daga cikin manyan laifukan cin zarafin bil adama a Syria. A cikin 2014, Rahoton Kaisar ya nuna hotuna masu ban tsoro da aka fitar da su daga gidan yarin Syria sun nuna "kisan kisa na tsare-tsare na sama da fursunoni 11,000 da gwamnatin Syria ta yi a wani yanki" a cikin shekara biyu da rabi na yakin basasar Syria. Wani rahoton bincike na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na shekarar 2016 ya bayyana fursunonin da ake tsare da su a gidajen yarin Syria da cewa suna fama da “mummunan yanayin rayuwa” da ke tattare da rashin tsabta muhalli, rashin tsafta da abinci da kuma azabtarwa ta tsari. Bayan mutuwar fursunonin da ake tsare da su, gwamnatin kasar ta sha raba takardun bogi don ikirarin cewa fursunonin sun mutu ne saboda dalilai na halitta. Rahoton ya kuma yi Allah wadai da manufofin gwamnatin Assad na azabtarwa da yanke hukuncin kisa a wuraren da ake tsare da su a matsayin "kare a matsayin wani laifi na cin zarafin bil'adama". An kwatanta dungeons na Siriya da Sansanin hallaka na Nazi na [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], saboda girman azabtarwa da kisan kiyashi da ke gudana a cikin hanyoyin kurkuku. Jarida Russ Wellen ya ba da rahoton cewa "na'urar kashewa ta jihar ta wuce ikon tsarin don sarrafawa".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wellen |first=Russ |date=18 April 2016 |title=Bad as ISIL is, Assad is Worse |url=https://fpif.org/bad-islamic-state-assad-worse/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328012029/https://fpif.org/bad-islamic-state-assad-worse/ |archive-date=28 March 2022}}</ref> A cikin 2017 cikakkun bayanai sun fito game da gidan yarin Sednaya, gidan yarin sojoji kusa da Damascus wanda gwamnatin Assad ke aiki. An yi amfani da gidan yarin wajen tsare dubban fursunoni, na farar hula da kuma 'yan adawa na gwamnati. Amnesty International ta kiyasta cewa an kashe mutane tsakanin 5,000 zuwa 13,000 ba bisa ka'ida ba a gidan yari daya tsakanin Satumba 2011 da Disamba 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2016 |title=End the horror in Syria's torture prisons |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2016/08/syria-torture-prisons/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163406/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2016/08/syria-torture-prisons/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=2018-06-12 |publisher=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> Bayanan wadanda suka tsira daga kurkuku na gwamnati sun bayyana yanayin rashin mutunci, yunwa, raunin tunani, da azabtarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anonymous |date=2017-06-26 |title=At 15 I was tortured in Assad's prisons. I escaped, but thousands still suffer {{!}} Anonymous |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jun/26/months-tortured-assad-prisons-syria |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612210508/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jun/26/months-tortured-assad-prisons-syria |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=2018-06-12 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Haka kuma mata sun fuskanci cin zarafi da laifukan yaki a cikin gidajen yarin Assad. Rahoton 2017 na Lauyoyi da Likitoci don Haƙƙin Dan Adam (LDHR) <ref>{{Cite web |title=LDHR Report: Voices From The Dark |url=http://guernica37.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Voices-from-the-Dark.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908214159/http://guernica37.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Voices-from-the-Dark.pdf |archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> ta tattara bayanan sirri daga matan da suka tsira daga fyade da azabtarwa a gidajen yarin Assad. Rahoton Amnesty na shekara ta 2017 kan gidan yarin Sednaya na Siriya ya bayyana hanyoyin azabtarwa da yanayin rayuwa na cibiyoyin tsare sojoji da gidajen yari a matsayin "marasa mutunci", yana mai cewa:<blockquote>"Ana azabtar da 'yan bindiga tun daga lokacin da aka kama su, a lokacin "bikin maraba" - kalmar da aka saba amfani da ita ta hanyar fursunoni da masu gadi na Siriya don yin amfani da mummunan duka da aka samu bayan isowa a wurin tsare-tsare - kuma a duk lokacin tambayoyinsu. Hanyoyin azabtarwa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da mummunan duka, amfani da girgizar lantarki, tashin hankali na jima'i ciki har da wuraren cin zarafi da tsare-tsaren damuwa. Ana amfani da su a cikin tarurruka masu yawa a cikin lokuta masu yawa a kan hanyoyin cin zarafin su, ana gudanar da su, ana amfani da su, suna da su a kan matakan kulawa da su, matakan kulawa da cututtukan iska masu yawa, ana hana su, ana kiyaye su a cikin cututtukansu masu tsabtace, ana amfani dasu, ana amfani dashi, ana amfani amfani da su da su a lokuta masu tsabtace su a cikin yanayin kulawa da su a hankali, ana amfani su a cikin yanayi masu yawa.</blockquote>A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 2020, wasu tsoffin jami’an ‘yan sandan sirri na Syria guda biyu, Anwar R. da Eyad A., da ake zargi da aikata laifukan yaki a cibiyar tsare tsare da gwamnatin Syria ke gudanarwa, sun bayyana a wata kotun Jamus domin yin irinsa na farko. A cewar wani rahoto na 2018 da kwamitin kwararru na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya fitar, cibiyoyin tsare tsare da gwamnatin Assad ke gudanarwa sun azabtar da sama da mutane 4,000 daga cikin masu zanga-zangar da aka tsare tare da kashe akalla wasu 58. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Germany: Syrian ex-secret police go on trial for war crimes |url=https://apnews.com/d6063fc2fb3b795980c07dc61b83ac67\ |access-date=23 April 2020 |website=Associated Press News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DETENTION IN THE SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC:A Way Forward |url=https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoISyria/AWayForward_DetentionInSyria.pdf |access-date=8 March 2018 |website=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> === Rashin Daukakawa === Tun bayan yakin basasa a shekara ta 2011, sama da mutane 100,000 ne ake tsare da su, ko aka tilasta musu bace ko kuma suka bace a Syria a shekarar 2019. Akalla 90,000 daga cikinsu ana tunanin an tsare su ko kuma aka bace a gidajen yari na kasar ta Siriya. Wasu rahotannin kuma sun yi kiyasin cewa sama da fararen hula 128,000 ne dakarun gwamnatin suka yi garkuwa da su ko kuma suka bace ta tilas nan da shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2019 |title=At Least 98,000 Forcibly Disappeared Persons in Syria Since March 2011 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/least-98000-forcibly-disappeared-persons-syria-march-2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901185915/https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/least-98000-forcibly-disappeared-persons-syria-march-2011 |archive-date=1 September 2019 |website=OCHA: relief web}}</ref><ref name="amnesty.org">{{Cite web |date=30 August 2019 |title=Syria: Families left alone to find answers about disappeared relatives |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2019/08/syria-families-left-alone-to-find-answers-about-disappeared-relatives/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209040941/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2019/08/syria-families-left-alone-to-find-answers-about-disappeared-relatives/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |website=Amnesty International}}</ref> Amnesty International ta bayyana a cikin sanarwar manema labarai ta 2019:<blockquote>"Har zuwa yau, Gwamnatin Siriya ta kasa bayyana makomar, sunaye da kuma wurin mutanen da jami'an tsaro na Siriya suka tsare da kuma bace. An sanar da wasu iyalai game da mutuwar danginsu a tsare, ko kuma daga ƙarshe sun sami damar gano cewa ƙaunataccen su ya mutu a tsare. Wadanda suka karɓi takardar shaidar mutuwa - kawai "shaida" da aka bayar - an ɗaure su bisa doka don yin rajistar mutuwar mutum a cikin bayanan farar hula, don samun takardar shaidaya ta hukuma. "<ref name="amnesty.org">{{Cite web |date=30 August 2019 |title=Syria: Families left alone to find answers about disappeared relatives |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2019/08/syria-families-left-alone-to-find-answers-about-disappeared-relatives/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209040941/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2019/08/syria-families-left-alone-to-find-answers-about-disappeared-relatives/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |website=Amnesty International}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20211209040941/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2019/08/syria-families-left-alone-to-find-answers-about-disappeared-relatives/ "Syria: Families left alone to find answers about disappeared relatives"]. ''Amnesty International''. 30 August 2019. Archived from [https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2019/08/syria-families-left-alone-to-find-answers-about-disappeared-relatives/ the original] on 9 December 2021.</cite></ref></blockquote>Tsakanin shekara ta 2011 zuwa shekara ta 2015, an kashe fararen hula sama da 17,700 da aka kama a kurkuku. Tsakanin Maris 2011 da Maris 2023, an kiyasta fararen hula 154,000 da aka ɓace, an sace su ko kuma an tsare su a Syria; tare da mutane sama da 135,000 da ake [[Gallazawa|azabtarwa]], daurewa ko mutuwa a [['Yancin Dan Adam a Siriya ta Ba'ath|Cibiyoyin tsare-tsare na gwamnati]] tun daga shekara ta 2023. A watan Yunin 2023, [[Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Babban Taron]] [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ya kada kuri'a don kafa wata kungiya mai zaman kanta don bincika inda daruruwan dubban fararen hula da suka ɓace da aka tilasta su ɓace, an kashe su ko kuma suna fama da kurkuku a gwamnatin Siriya. Hakan ya biyo bayan kara bukatar kafa hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyoyin fararen hula na Syria sama da dari suka amince da su da kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil adama kamar Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch da kwamitin Red Cross na kasa da kasa. Manufar sabuwar hukumar ita ce tabbatar da ingantacciyar haɗin kai don tattara bayanan mutanen da suka ɓace. Gwamnatin Assad ta yi tir da zaben a matsayin "tsangwama ga baki daya" a harkokin cikin gida na Syria. === sace yara === [[Navi Pillay]], [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam]], ya bayyana a watan Maris na 2012 cewa Sojojin Siriya da sojojin Ba'athist suna satar, tsare da azabtar da yara.<ref name="BBC News">{{Cite web |date=28 March 2012 |title=Syria authorities target children, says UN rights chief |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-17532966 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140721034202/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-17532966 |archive-date=21 July 2014 |access-date=30 June 2012 |publisher=BBC News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140721034202/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-17532966 "Syria authorities target children, says UN rights chief"]. BBC News. 28 March 2012. Archived from [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-17532966 the original] on 21 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Da yake ba da shawarar cewa Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya kamata ya mika Bashar al-Assad don gurfanar da shi a [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]] (ICC), Navi Pillay ya ce:<blockquote>"Sun tafi don neman yaran - ga kowane dalili - da yawa. An tsare daruruwa ana azabtar da su ... abin ban tsoro ne kawai, ... Yara sun harbe a gwiwa, tare da manya a cikin yanayi na rashin jin daɗi, an hana su magani don raunin da suka samu, ko dai an yi garkuwa da su a matsayin tushen bayanai. "<ref name="BBC News">{{Cite web |date=28 March 2012 |title=Syria authorities target children, says UN rights chief |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-17532966 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140721034202/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-17532966 |archive-date=21 July 2014 |access-date=30 June 2012 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref></blockquote>Tun a shekara ta 2011 ne gwamnatin Assad ke kame tare da tsare kananan yara ba tare da an gurfanar da su a gaban kotu ba har sai da suka kai shekaru 18, bayan da aka tura su kotunan sojan Ba'ath tare da kashe su. Rahoton bincike na 2024 na Sashin Binciken Jarida na Siriya (SIRAJ) ya gano yara 24 na Siriya da aka tilastawa bacewarsu, aka kwace musu kadarorinsu, aka tsare su daga baya kuma aka kashe su bayan sun kai shekaru 18. Rahoton, bisa wata majiya mai tushe a cikin gwamnatin Assad, tattaunawa da iyalan wadanda abin ya shafa, da majiyoyin jama'a, sun ba da umarnin kashe wadanda suka mutu fiye da 6, wadanda shekarunsu ya kai 8, wadanda suka kai shekaru 6, da haihuwa. Kotuna biyu na sojojin Ba'ath a gidan yarin Seydnaya da kuma cikin garin al-Dimas tsakanin 2014 zuwa 2017, suna ambaton bayanan shaidun gani da ido na wani dan sanda a cikin 'yan sandan sojan Ba'athist. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Al Ibrahim, Skaf |first=Ali, Mohamad |date=28 October 2024 |title=Delayed Execution: The Syrian Regime Detains Minors in Prisons to Execute Them Upon Reaching 18 |url=https://sirajsy.net/the-syrian-regime-detains-minors/ |website=SIRAJ}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Al-Marsad * Dokar Tsaro ta Tsaro ta Suriya * [[Hakkokin ɗan Adam a kasashen Musulmi|'Yancin Dan Adam a Kasashen Musulunci]] * 'Yancin Dan Adam a Tarayyar Demokradiyya ta Arewacin Siriya * [[Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da Gabas ta Tsakiya|'Yancin Dan Adam a Gabas ta Tsakiya]] * [[Cinikin mutane a Siriya]] * Yaƙin basasar Siriya * Cibiyar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Siriya * Farashin Wissam == Bayanan da ke ƙasa == [[Rukuni:CS1 maint: archived copy as title]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i5p60vvmpoi9lkzm0wgdei454kodzpe 0 112073 826838 694192 2026-04-27T00:36:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Foot_whipping.JPG|thumb|262x262px|Bastinado zanga-zangar ta amfani da sandar]] Fadar ƙafa, '''falanga / falaka''' ko bastinado wata hanya ce ta haifar da ciwo da wulakanci ta hanyar yin duka a kan ƙafafun mutum. Ba kamar yawancin nau'ikan [[Fuskar da aka yi wa bulala|bulala]] ba, ana nufin ya fi jin zafi fiye da haifar da ainihin rauni ga wanda aka azabtar. Ana isar da bugun gabaɗaya tare da sandar haske, igiya mai maɗaura, ko bulala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flogging &#124; punishment |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/flogging#ref177595}}</ref> Bastinado is also referred to as ''foot (bottom) caning'' or ''sole caning'', depending on the instrument in use. The German term is ''Bastonade'', deriving from the Italian noun ''bastonata'' (''stroke with the use of a stick''). In former times it was also referred to as ''Sohlenstreich'' (corr. ''striking the soles''). The Chinese term is ''dǎ jiǎoxīn'' (打脚心 / 打腳心). == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Rubutun rubuce-rubucen farko da aka gano a sarari na bastinado a Turai ya kasance a 1537, kuma a China zuwa 960.{{Sfn|Rejali|2009}} An yi la'akari da nassoshi game da bastinado a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki (Prov. 22:15; Lev. 19:20; Deut. 22:18), yana ba da shawarar yin amfani da aikin tun zamanin d ̄ a.<ref name="www.biblegateway.com">{{Cite web |title=Bastinado |url=http://www.biblegateway.com/resources/dictionaries/dict_meaning.php?source=1&wid=T0000469 |access-date=6 March 2014 |publisher=www.biblegateway.com}}</ref> An yi Bastinado a zamanin Reich na Uku. A cibiyoyin Jamusanci da Austriya da yawa har yanzu ana yin sa a cikin shekarun 1950.<ref name="kurier.at">{{Cite web |date=15 October 2013 |title=Wimmersdorf: 270 Schläge auf die Fußsohlen |url=http://kurier.at/chronik/niederoesterreich/wimmersdorf-270-schlaege-auf-die-fusssohlen/30.980.261 |access-date=3 March 2014 |publisher=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref>{{Sfn|Rejali|2009}} == Tasirin == An gano hyperpigmentation a ƙafafun wadanda aka azabtar bayan watanni ko shekaru tun lokacin da aka azabtar da su. A matsayin alamar azabtarwa ta jiki, tana iya tallafawa buƙatun mafaka ta siyasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Longstreth |first=George F. |last2=Grypma |first2=Lydia |last3=Willis |first3=Brittney A. |last4=Anderson |first4=Kathi C. |date=February 2021 |title=Foot Torture (Falanga): Ten Victims with Chronic Plantar Hyperpigmentation |url=https://notorture.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Our-falanga-article.pdf |journal=The American Journal of Medicine |volume=134 |issue=2 |pages=278–281 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.08.016 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Bayyanawa == === Yankin === [[Fayil:Antoin_Sevruguin_12_Falak_Whipping_the_soles_of_a_criminal.jpg|right|thumb|Falaka na Gabas ta Tsakiya ta amfani da allon; [[Iran]], farkon karni na 20.]] Yin bulala a kafa ya zama ruwan dare a matsayin hanyar azabtarwa a cikin cibiyoyi daban-daban a duk faɗin Tsakiyar Turai har zuwa shekarun 1950, musamman a yankunan Jamus.<ref name="kurier.at"/> A cikin kurkuku na Jamus wannan hanyar ta kasance babbar hukunci. A duk zamanin Nazi an yi amfani da shi akai-akai a cibiyoyin azabtarwa na Jamus da sansanonin aiki. An kuma yi wa jama'a a yankunan da aka mamaye, musamman Denmark da Norway.{{Sfn|Rejali|2009}} A Girka, a lokacin gwamnatin Girka, cikin binciken da aka yi a shekarar 1967 kashi 83% na fursunoni a cikin kurkuku na Girka sun ba da rahoton yawan cin zarafin bastinado. An kuma yi amfani da shi a kan dalibai masu tayar da kayar baya. A cikin kurkuku na Mutanen Espanya kashi 39% na fursunoni sun ba da rahoton irin wannan magani. An ruwaito cewa Sûreté na Faransa ya yi amfani da shi don fitar da ikirari. Birtaniya sun yi amfani da shi a Falasdinu, kuma Faransanci a Aljeriya. A cikin mulkin mallaka na Indiya an yi amfani da shi don azabtar da masu laifin haraji.{{Sfn|Rejali|2009}} Har yanzu ana yin Bastinado a cibiyoyin azabtarwa na kasashe da yawa a duniya. === A cikin tarihi === * Bastinado wani hukunci ne na yau da kullun a zamanin Porfirian na [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], lokacin da 'yan sanda na sirri na Rurales za su saba amfani da aljihun bijimi don aikin. * A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], an bayar da rahoton azabtar da jiki ta hanyar bulala daga cibiyoyin azabtar da yara har zuwa 1969, kamar misali a [[Massachusetts]].{{Sfn|Rejali|2009}} * An yi amfani da bulala a cikin cibiyoyin matasa da wuraren kariya a Austria har zuwa shekarun 1960. * A cikin Nazi Jamus ana amfani da takalma na ƙafafun fursuna a matsayin wani nau'i na azabtarwa a sansanonin fursunoni, sansanonin kurkuku da fursunoni. * Jami'in 'yan sanda na Indiya Charles Tegart an ce ya kafa bulala, aikin da aka samo daga zamanin [[Daular Usmaniyya|Ottoman]], a cibiyar tambayoyi da aka kafa a [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]] a 1938 a matsayin wani ɓangare na kokarin murkushe tawaye na Larabawa na 1936-39 a Falasdinu. * Fascist Blackshirts sun yi amfani da bulala a kan Freemasons masu sukar Benito Mussolini tun farkon 1923 (Dalzell, 1961). * An yi amfani da shi azaman hanyar azabtarwa a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Girka na 1946 zuwa 1949 da kuma mulkin kolin daga 1967 zuwa 1974. * An ruwaito cewa fursunonin yaki na Rasha sun kasance "bastinado" a sansanin Afion ta hannun masu kama su na Ottoman a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Koyaya, fursunonin Burtaniya sun tsere wa wannan magani. * An yi amfani da bulala a matsayin hanyar samun ikirari daga masu aikata laifukan siyasa a lokacin mulkin kwaminisanci na Czechoslovakia * [[Bahá'u'lláh]] (wanda ya kafa [[Baha'i|Bangaskiyar Bahá'í]]) ya sha bulala a watan Agustan shekara ta 1852. (A cikin littafin nan, Esslemont, 1937). * An yi amfani da bulala a kurkukun S-21 a [[Phnom Penh]] a lokacin mulkin Khmer Rouge kuma an ambaci shi a cikin ka'idoji goma ga fursunoni yanzu ana nuna su a Gidan Tarihin Tuol Sleng . * An yi amfani da wannan hukunci, a lokuta daban-daban, a kasar Sin. "Babu laifuka da ke wucewa ba tare da hukuntawa ba a kasar Sin. Bastinado [[Sin|China]] azabtarwa na yau da kullun don ƙananan kurakurai, kuma yawan bugawa ya dace da yanayin kuskuren... Lokacin da yawan bugawa bai wuce ashirin ba, ana lissafa shi gyaran uba. Sarkin sarakuna da kansa wani lokacin yana ba da umarnin a yi wa manyan mutane, kuma daga baya ya gan su kuma ya bi da su kamar yadda ya saba".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Internet History Sourcebooks |url=https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/1680halde3.asp}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jf7re8zz8ozz1cctjlldk4crpszylmw 0 113007 826674 696788 2026-04-26T15:49:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 826674 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:111-SC-10265_-_Night_shift_ready_for_work,_Bassens_Docks,_Bordeaux,_France._-_NARA_-_55180863_(april_1918).jpg|thumb|Rundunar Stevedore ta Amurka, Bassens Docks, [[Bordeaux]], Afrilu 1918.]] Battalions na aiki sun kasance wani nau'i na madadin sabis ko [[Aikin tilasta|aiki mara kyau]] a kasashe daban-daban maimakon ko kama da aikin soja na yau da kullun. A wasu lokuta sun kasance sakamakon wani nau'i na [[Wariya|nuna bambanci]] na yawan jama'a, yayin da a wasu sun kasance zabi mai hankali. == Dalilan siyasa == A wasu ƙasashe an halicci rundunonin ma'aikata daga wani ɓangare na yawan jama'a wanda saboda dalilai daban-daban ba su dace da aikin soja na yau da kullun ba, sau da yawa saboda an dauki wannan yawan "marasa kyau" ko "marasa aminci", misali, abokan gaba na siyasa, yawan yankunan da aka mamaye ko "ƙananan jinsi". Misalan sun haɗa da battalions na ma'aikata a ƙarshen [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da farkon [[Turkiyya|Jamhuriyar Turkiyya]] a lokacin yakin duniya na I da kuma lokacin Yaƙin duniya na II, battalions masu aiki da Francoist Spain ta kafa (wanda aka kiyasta a cikin raka'a 700 na ma'aikatar ma'aikata gaba ɗaya, ban da kusan sansanoni 300) a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Spain a matsayin wani nau'i na zaluntar abokan gaba na siyasa wanda ya ci gaba ta hanyar mulkin kama-karya, da kuma battalions ma'aikata na ma'aikatan ma'aikata da Nazi Jamus da abokanta ke riƙe da ita (duba kuma "Hiwi"). == Sauran sabis == A wasu ƙasashe rundunonin ma'aikata wani nau'i ne na aikin farar hula maimakon aikin soja ga mutanen da ba za su iya shiga aikin soja ba saboda dalilai daban-daban, misali, saboda rashin lafiya ko kasancewa masu adawa da kowane nau'in tashin hankali, muddin ba a dauke su marasa cancanta ga wasu ayyuka ba. A cikin Sojojin Burtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko, an fara kafa ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata ko majagaba a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1914 daga sabbin ma'aikata masu ƙwarewa ko ƙwarewa a cikin aikin hannu, waɗanda aka horar da su don yin yaƙi a matsayin sojoji amma yawanci ana amfani da su don gina rami da aiwatar da wasu ayyukan hannu. A farkon shekara ta 1916 waɗannan sun fara haɗawa da maza da ba a tantance su ba don yin yaƙi don aiwatar da irin wannan rawar kuma wani lokacin ana kiransu Battalions na Ayyukan Sojoji. Da farko an sanya su ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, an haɗa rukunin ma'aikata da ma'aikatan sojan ƙasa a watan Fabrairun 1917 don kafa sabuwar ƙungiyar ma'aikata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Long, Long Trail - The Labour Corps of 1917–1918 |url=https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/regiments-and-corps/the-labour-corps-of-1917-1918/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Long, Long Trail - Labour Battalions of the Labour Corps |url=https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/regiments-and-corps/the-labour-corps-of-1917-1918/labour-battalions-of-the-labour-corps/}}</ref> [[Yarjejeniyar Neuilly-sur-Seine|Har zuwa kwanakin ƙarshe na]] [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] tare da aikin soja na tilas a cikin jihar, maza da aka ɗauka ba su dace da aikin soja ba na yau da kullun amma ba su dace ba don wasu ayyuka, da kuma masu iya aiki da yawa, an sanya su a cikin battalions na gini (стройбаты) na [[Soviet Army|Sojojin Soviet]]. Irin wannan rassan sojoji sun kasance a wasu ƙasashen Gabashin Turai a duk lokacin kwaminisanci tsakanin ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II da ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Misali mai ban sha'awa shine [[Construction Troops (Bulgaria)|Sojojin Gine-gine na Bulgarian]] (Строителни Войски), wanda aka fara kafawa a 1920 don kauce wa iyakokin girman sojoji da Yarjejeniyar Neuilly-Sur-Seine ta sanya a ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na I. A cikin shekaru wannan reshe ya zama cakuda ƙungiyar injiniyoyi da kuma hanyar da wasu za su cika aikin da ake bukata a wurin a lokacin kwaminisanci a kasar. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 1bkq8nnhjf1zmcvm2dwqo3l4lf77y57 826675 826674 2026-04-26T15:49:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 826675 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:111-SC-10265_-_Night_shift_ready_for_work,_Bassens_Docks,_Bordeaux,_France._-_NARA_-_55180863_(april_1918).jpg|thumb|Rundunar Stevedore ta Amurka, Bassens Docks, [[Bordeaux]], Afrilu 1918.]] Battalions na aiki sun kasance wani nau'i na madadin sabis ko [[Aikin tilasta|aiki mara kyau]] a kasashe daban-daban maimakon ko kama da aikin soja na yau da kullun. A wasu lokuta sun kasance sakamakon wani nau'i na [[Wariya|nuna bambanci]] na yawan jama'a, yayin da a wasu sun kasance zabi mai hankali. == Dalilan siyasa == A wasu ƙasashe an halicci rundunonin ma'aikata daga wani ɓangare na yawan jama'a wanda saboda dalilai daban-daban ba su dace da aikin soja na yau da kullun ba, sau da yawa saboda an dauki wannan yawan "marasa kyau" ko "marasa aminci", misali, abokan gaba na siyasa, yawan yankunan da aka mamaye ko "ƙananan jinsi". Misalan sun haɗa da battalions na ma'aikata a ƙarshen [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da farkon [[Turkiyya|Jamhuriyar Turkiyya]] a lokacin yakin duniya na I da kuma lokacin Yaƙin duniya na II, battalions masu aiki da Francoist Spain ta kafa (wanda aka kiyasta a cikin raka'a 700 na ma'aikatar ma'aikata gaba ɗaya, ban da kusan sansanoni 300) a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Spain a matsayin wani nau'i na zaluntar abokan gaba na siyasa wanda ya ci gaba ta hanyar mulkin kama-karya, da kuma battalions ma'aikata na ma'aikatan ma'aikata da Nazi Jamus da abokanta ke riƙe da ita (duba kuma "Hiwi"). == Sauran sabis == A wasu ƙasashe rundunonin ma'aikata wani nau'i ne na aikin farar hula maimakon aikin soja ga mutanen da ba za su iya shiga aikin soja ba saboda dalilai daban-daban, misali, saboda rashin lafiya ko kasancewa masu adawa da kowane nau'in tashin hankali, muddin ba a dauke su marasa cancanta ga wasu ayyuka ba. A cikin Sojojin Burtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko, an fara kafa ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata ko majagaba a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1914 daga sabbin ma'aikata masu ƙwarewa ko ƙwarewa a cikin aikin hannu, waɗanda aka horar da su don yin yaƙi a matsayin sojoji amma yawanci ana amfani da su don gina rami da aiwatar da wasu ayyukan hannu. A farkon shekara ta 1916 waɗannan sun fara haɗawa da maza da ba a tantance su ba don yin yaƙi don aiwatar da irin wannan rawar kuma wani lokacin ana kiransu Battalions na Ayyukan Sojoji. Da farko an sanya su ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, an haɗa rukunin ma'aikata da ma'aikatan sojan ƙasa a watan Fabrairun 1917 don kafa sabuwar ƙungiyar ma'aikata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Long, Long Trail - The Labour Corps of 1917–1918 |url=https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/regiments-and-corps/the-labour-corps-of-1917-1918/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Long, Long Trail - Labour Battalions of the Labour Corps |url=https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/regiments-and-corps/the-labour-corps-of-1917-1918/labour-battalions-of-the-labour-corps/}}</ref> [[Yarjejeniyar Neuilly-sur-Seine|Har zuwa kwanakin ƙarshe na]] [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] tare da aikin soja na tilas a cikin jihar, maza da aka ɗauka ba su dace da aikin soja ba na yau da kullun amma ba su dace ba don wasu ayyuka, da kuma masu iya aiki da yawa, an sanya su a cikin battalions na gini (стройбаты) na Sojojin Soviet. Irin wannan rassan sojoji sun kasance a wasu ƙasashen Gabashin Turai a duk lokacin kwaminisanci tsakanin ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II da ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Misali mai ban sha'awa shine [[Construction Troops (Bulgaria)|Sojojin Gine-gine na Bulgarian]] (Строителни Войски), wanda aka fara kafawa a 1920 don kauce wa iyakokin girman sojoji da Yarjejeniyar Neuilly-Sur-Seine ta sanya a ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na I. A cikin shekaru wannan reshe ya zama cakuda ƙungiyar injiniyoyi da kuma hanyar da wasu za su cika aikin da ake bukata a wurin a lokacin kwaminisanci a kasar. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} tnzrpb4050y5720eojogi3fki1udf6i 826676 826675 2026-04-26T15:50:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 826676 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:111-SC-10265_-_Night_shift_ready_for_work,_Bassens_Docks,_Bordeaux,_France._-_NARA_-_55180863_(april_1918).jpg|thumb|Rundunar Stevedore ta Amurka, Bassens Docks, [[Bordeaux]], Afrilu 1918.]] Battalions na aiki sun kasance wani nau'i na madadin sabis ko [[Aikin tilasta|aiki mara kyau]] a kasashe daban-daban maimakon ko kama da aikin soja na yau da kullun. A wasu lokuta sun kasance sakamakon wani nau'i na [[Wariya|nuna bambanci]] na yawan jama'a, yayin da a wasu sun kasance zabi mai hankali. == Dalilan siyasa == A wasu ƙasashe an halicci rundunonin ma'aikata daga wani ɓangare na yawan jama'a wanda saboda dalilai daban-daban ba su dace da aikin soja na yau da kullun ba, sau da yawa saboda an dauki wannan yawan "marasa kyau" ko "marasa aminci", misali, abokan gaba na siyasa, yawan yankunan da aka mamaye ko "ƙananan jinsi". Misalan sun haɗa da battalions na ma'aikata a ƙarshen [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da farkon [[Turkiyya|Jamhuriyar Turkiyya]] a lokacin yakin duniya na I da kuma lokacin Yaƙin duniya na II, battalions masu aiki da Francoist Spain ta kafa (wanda aka kiyasta a cikin raka'a 700 na ma'aikatar ma'aikata gaba ɗaya, ban da kusan sansanoni 300) a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Spain a matsayin wani nau'i na zaluntar abokan gaba na siyasa wanda ya ci gaba ta hanyar mulkin kama-karya, da kuma battalions ma'aikata na ma'aikatan ma'aikata da Nazi Jamus da abokanta ke riƙe da ita (duba kuma "Hiwi"). == Sauran sabis == A wasu ƙasashe rundunonin ma'aikata wani nau'i ne na aikin farar hula maimakon aikin soja ga mutanen da ba za su iya shiga aikin soja ba saboda dalilai daban-daban, misali, saboda rashin lafiya ko kasancewa masu adawa da kowane nau'in tashin hankali, muddin ba a dauke su marasa cancanta ga wasu ayyuka ba. A cikin Sojojin Burtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko, an fara kafa ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata ko majagaba a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1914 daga sabbin ma'aikata masu ƙwarewa ko ƙwarewa a cikin aikin hannu, waɗanda aka horar da su don yin yaƙi a matsayin sojoji amma yawanci ana amfani da su don gina rami da aiwatar da wasu ayyukan hannu. A farkon shekara ta 1916 waɗannan sun fara haɗawa da maza da ba a tantance su ba don yin yaƙi don aiwatar da irin wannan rawar kuma wani lokacin ana kiransu Battalions na Ayyukan Sojoji. Da farko an sanya su ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, an haɗa rukunin ma'aikata da ma'aikatan sojan ƙasa a watan Fabrairun 1917 don kafa sabuwar ƙungiyar ma'aikata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Long, Long Trail - The Labour Corps of 1917–1918 |url=https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/regiments-and-corps/the-labour-corps-of-1917-1918/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Long, Long Trail - Labour Battalions of the Labour Corps |url=https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/regiments-and-corps/the-labour-corps-of-1917-1918/labour-battalions-of-the-labour-corps/}}</ref> [[Yarjejeniyar Neuilly-sur-Seine|Har zuwa kwanakin ƙarshe na]] [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] tare da aikin soja na tilas a cikin jihar, maza da aka ɗauka ba su dace da aikin soja ba na yau da kullun amma ba su dace ba don wasu ayyuka, da kuma masu iya aiki da yawa, an sanya su a cikin battalions na gini (стройбаты) na Sojojin Soviet. Irin wannan rassan sojoji sun kasance a wasu ƙasashen Gabashin Turai a duk lokacin kwaminisanci tsakanin ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II da ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Misali mai ban sha'awa shine Sojojin Gine-gine na Bulgarian (Строителни Войски), wanda aka fara kafawa a 1920 don kauce wa iyakokin girman sojoji da Yarjejeniyar Neuilly-Sur-Seine ta sanya a ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na I. A cikin shekaru wannan reshe ya zama cakuda ƙungiyar injiniyoyi da kuma hanyar da wasu za su cika aikin da ake bukata a wurin a lokacin kwaminisanci a kasar. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} fo1katfwhmvgphorlcqhriewqs0eh0d 0 113115 826849 705462 2026-04-27T02:47:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Françoise Vimeux''' masanin ilimin yanayi ne na Faransa. Ita ce Daraktan Binciken Kimiyya a Cibiyar Bincike don Ci Gaban (IRD), tana aiki a Laboratory na Kimiyya na Yanayi da Muhalli (LSCE) da kuma Laboratory HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Better Understanding of the Atmospheric Water Cycle on Reunion Island |url=http://www.lsce.ipsl.fr/Phocea/Video/index.php?id=24 |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=Le Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Francoise Vimeux |url=http://www.lsce.ipsl.fr/Phocea/Pisp/index.php?id=81 |website=Le Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement |language=en |publication-date= |access-date=2025-08-11 |archive-date=2023-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208110129/https://www.lsce.ipsl.fr/Phocea/Pisp/index.php?id=81 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == === Karatu === Françoise Vimeux ta kammala karatu a 1999 tare da Doctorate daga [[Université Paris 7 - Denis Diderot|Jami'ar Paris 7 - Denis Diderot]] tare da [[Honorable Mention|Mai Girma]] da taya murna na juri. Batun jarabawarta: ''Bambance-bambance na yawan [[deuterium]] a Antarctica a cikin shekaru 400,000 da suka gabata: tasirin yanayi'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Françoise Vimeux |date=1999 |title=Variations of the deuterium excess in Antarctica during the last 400,000 years: climatic implications |url=https://www.theses.fr/1999PA077246 |access-date=July 30, 2022 |website=theses.fr }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Daraktan jarabawar: [[Jean Jouzel]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Futura |title=Biography {{!}} Françoise Vimeux - Climate researcher {{!}} Futura Planet |url=https://www.futura-sciences.com/planete/personnalites/climatologie-francoise-vimeux-756/ |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=Futura |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2011, ta sami izinin darektan bincike a Jami'ar Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines . Takardar da aka gabatar: "''Canjin yanayi a cikin Tropics da Subtropics: gudummawar isotopes na ruwa''". == Gudanar da ayyukan ƙasa da na duniya == * Canje-canjen glacial-interglacial a yanayin teku a Kudancin Hemisphere ta Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jean Jouzel, Stievenart da Stievenard. M., ƙaramin J.-R. da kuma Vimeux F., Nature, 398, 410-413, 1999. * Covariation na carbon dioxide da zafin jiki daga Vostok ice core bayan deuterium wuce gona da iri gyara, by Cuffey K.M. da Vimeux F., Nature, 412, 523-527, 2001. * Sabbin fahimta game da canje-canjen zafin jiki na Kudancin Hemisphere daga ƙwayoyin kankara na Vostok ta amfani da gyaran deuterium a cikin shekaru 420,000 da suka gabata, ta Cuffey K.M., Jouzel J. da Vimeux F., Wasikun Kimiyya na Duniya da Planetary, 203, 829-843, 2002 * Menene kulawar yanayi akan abun da ke cikin isotopic (δ D) na hazo a cikin Zongo Valley (Bolivia)? Tasiri ga fassarar ƙanƙara ta Illimani ta Gallaire R., Bony S., Hoffmann G., Chiang. J. da Fuertes R. da Vimeux F., Wasikar Kimiyya ta Duniya da Duniya, 240, 205-220, 2005. * ''Wuri mai kyau a Patagonia don sake fasalin yanayi da muhalli wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar firn mai zurfi daga Monte San Valentin (Northern Patagonia Icefield, Chile) '' ta de Angelis M., Ginot P., Magand O., Pouyaud B., Casassa G., Johnsen S., Falourd S. da Vimeux F., Journal of Geophysical Research, a cikin bugawa, doi:10.1029/2007JD009502, 2008. * Canjin yanayi na baya daga Last Glacial Maximum zuwa Holocene a Kudancin Amurka da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi, Springer, 2009. * Binciken girgije a kan Monte San Valentin (Northern Patagonia Icefield) daga 2000 zuwa 2008 ta amfani da abubuwan lura na MODIS: tasirin binciken paleoclimate daga kankara, ta hanyar Maignan F., Reutenauer C. da Vimeux F., Journal of Glaciology, 57, 221-230, 2011 * Rubuce-rubucen δ18O na shekara 1 na tururi na ruwa a Niamey (Niger) ya nuna hanyoyin yanayi masu basira a lokuta daban-daban, ta hanyar Tremoy G., Mayaki S., Souley I., Cattani O., Risi C., Favreau G., Oï M. da Vimeux F., Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L08805, doi:10.1029/2012GL051298, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Futura |title=Biographie {{!}} Françoise Vimeux - Chercheur climatologie {{!}} Futura Planète |url=https://www.futura-sciences.com/planete/personnalites/climatologie-francoise-vimeux-756/ |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=Futura |language=fr |publication-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Francoise Vimeux |url=http://www.lsce.ipsl.fr/Phocea/Pisp/index.php?id=81 |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=Le Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement |language=fr |publication-date= |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729211804/https://www.lsce.ipsl.fr/Phocea/Pisp/index.php?id=81 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka na kimiyya == * 2001: Kyautar André Prud'homme, Kamfanin Météorologique na Faransa / Météo FaransaYanayin yanayi na Faransa * 2002: Grand Prix Etienne Roth, CEA-Académie des Sciences tare da Valérie Masson-Delmotte. * 2006: Kyautar ''Bincike'' ta hadin gwiwa, an ambaci Bincike (ƙungiya: Daniel Brunsten, Delphine Grancher, Georg Hoffmann, Vincent Jomelli, Philippe Naveau da Françoise Vimeux). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Futura |title=Biography {{!}} Françoise Vimeux - Climate researcher {{!}} Futura Planet |url=https://www.futura-sciences.com/planete/personnalites/climatologie-francoise-vimeux-756/ |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=Futura |language=en}}</ref> == Littattafai == * Canje-canjen glacial-interglacial a cikin yanayin teku a Kudancin Hemisphere ta Masson V., Jouzel J., Stievenard. M., ƙaramin J.-R. [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Littafi Mai Tsarki. * Covariation na carbon dioxide da zafin jiki daga Vostok ice core bayan deuterium wuce gona da iri gyara, ta hanyar Cuffey K.M. da Vimeux F., Nature, 412, 523-527, 2001. * Sabbin fahimta game da canje-canjen zafin jiki na Kudancin Hemisphere daga ƙwayoyin kankara na Vostok ta amfani da gyaran deuterium a cikin shekaru 420,000 da suka gabata, ta hanyar Cuffey K.M., Jouzel J. da Vimeux F., Wasikun Kimiyya na Duniya da Planetary, 203, 829-843, 2002. * Menene kulawar yanayi akan abun da ke cikin isotopic (δ D) na hazo a cikin Zongo Valley (Bolivia)? Tasiri ga fassarar ƙanƙara ta Illimani ta Gallaire R., Bony S., Hoffmann G., Chiang. J. da Fuertes R. da Vimeux F., Wasikar Kimiyya ta Duniya da Duniya, 240, 205-220, 2005. * ''Wuri mai kyau a Patagonia don sake fasalin yanayi da muhalli wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar firn mai zurfi daga Monte San Valentin (Northern Patagonia Icefield, Chile) '' ta hanyar de Angelis M., Ginot P., Magand O., Pouyaud B., Casassa G., Johnsen S., Falourd S. da Vimeux F., Journal of Geophysical Research, sous presse, doi:10.1029/2007JD009502, 2008. * Canjin yanayi na baya daga Last Glacial Maximum zuwa Holocene a Kudancin Amurka da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi, Springer, 2009. * Binciken girgije a kan Monte San Valentin (Northern Patagonia Icefield) daga 2000 zuwa 2008 ta amfani da abubuwan lura na MODIS: tasirin binciken paleoclimate daga kankara, ta hanyar Maignan F., Reutenauer C. da Vimeux F., Journal of Glaciology, 57, 221-230, 2011 * Rubuce-rubucen δ18O na shekara 1 na tururi na ruwa a Niamey (Niger) ya nuna hanyoyin yanayi masu basira a lokuta daban-daban, ta hanyar Tremoy G., Mayaki S., Souley I., Cattani O., Risi C., Favreau G., Oï M. da Vimeux F., Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L08805, doi:10.1029/2012GL051298, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Futura |title=Biographie {{!}} Françoise Vimeux - Chercheur climatologie {{!}} Futura Planète |url=https://www.futura-sciences.com/planete/personnalites/climatologie-francoise-vimeux-756/ |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=Futura |language=fr |publication-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Francoise Vimeux |url=http://www.lsce.ipsl.fr/Phocea/Pisp/index.php?id=81 |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=Le Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement |language=fr |publication-date= |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729211804/https://www.lsce.ipsl.fr/Phocea/Pisp/index.php?id=81 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] q77x4sfet0t3xv55gjofa306ygwkdme 0 113542 827014 698133 2026-04-27T11:23:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 827014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:May_2019_tornado_outbreak_warnings_and_reports.png|thumb|Taswirar guguwa da gargadi na guguwa a lokacin barkewar Mayu 2019]] Daga tsakiyar shekarar zuwa ƙarshen Mayu 2019, guguwar ta tsananta da ta shafi yawancin Amurka. A cikin kwanaki 14, guguwa 400 ta afku a cikin jihohi 23. == Guguwa da aka tabbatar == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |+Kididdigar yau da kullun ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" |Jimillar ! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" |EFU&nbsp;&nbsp; ! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" |EF0&nbsp;&nbsp; ! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" |EF1&nbsp;&nbsp; ! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" |EF2&nbsp;&nbsp; ! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" |EF3&nbsp;&nbsp; ! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" |EF4&nbsp;&nbsp; ! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" |EF5&nbsp;&nbsp; ! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" |Mutuwa ! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" |Raunin da ya samu |- |Mayu 17&nbsp; | align="right" |22 | align="right" |4 | align="right" |9 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |4 | align="right" |2 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 |- |Mayu 18&nbsp; | align="right" |24 | align="right" |2 | align="right" |6 | align="right" |10 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |4 |- |Mayu 19&nbsp; | align="right" |20 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |5 | align="right" |15 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 |- |Mayu 20&nbsp; | align="right" |39 | align="right" |16 | align="right" |10 | align="right" |9 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |1 |- |Mayu 21&nbsp; | align="right" |31 | align="right" |4 | align="right" |10 | align="right" |14 | align="right" |2 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |1 |- |Mayu 22&nbsp; | align="right" |32 | align="right" |7 | align="right" |8 | align="right" |12 | align="right" |2 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |5 | align="right" |35 |- |Mayu 23&nbsp; | align="right" |22 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |8 | align="right" |9 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 |- |Mayu 24&nbsp; | align="right" |20 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |10 | align="right" |9 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 |- |Mayu 25&nbsp; | align="right" |17 | align="right" |5 | align="right" |6 | align="right" |4 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |2 | align="right" |29 |- |26 ga Mayu&nbsp; | align="right" |41 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |23 | align="right" |13 | align="right" |2 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 |- |27 ga Mayu&nbsp; | align="right" |59 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |36 | align="right" |12 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |6 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |178 |- |Mayu 28&nbsp; | align="right" |21 | align="right" |2 | align="right" |6 | align="right" |6 | align="right" |6 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |30 |- |Mayu 29&nbsp; | align="right" |41 | align="right" |8 | align="right" |22 | align="right" |8 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |2 |- |Mayu 30&nbsp; | align="right" |3 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |2 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0 |- class="sortbottom" |Jimillar | align="right" |'''400''' | align="right" bgcolor="#{{storm colour|unk}}" |'''55''' | align="right" bgcolor="#{{storm colour|storm}}" |'''162''' | align="right" bgcolor="#{{storm colour|cat1}}" |'''132''' | align="right" bgcolor="#{{storm colour|cat2}}" |'''31''' | align="right" bgcolor="#{{storm colour|cat3}}" |'''18''' | align="right" bgcolor="#{{storm colour|cat4}}" |'''2''' | align="right" bgcolor="#{{storm colour|cat5}}" |'''0''' | style="text-align:right;" |'''8''' | style="text-align:right;" |'''280''' |- | colspan="11" style=" border-bottom: 1px solid black;" |'''Bayani''' kula = Lura cewa "EFU" yana nuna rukunin da ba a sani ba. A halin yanzu ba a lissafa guguwa takwas a nan ba. |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |+List of confirmed tornadoes – Friday, May 17, 2019{{Efn|All dates are based on the local [[time zone]] where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in [[Coordinated Universal Time]] for consistency.}} ! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |EF# ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:7%; text-align:center;" |Location ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |County / parish ! scope="col" style="width:5%; text-align:center;" |State ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Start coord. ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Time (UTC) ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Path length ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Max width ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:48%; text-align:center;" |Summary |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |E of Fort Stockton |Pecos |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|30.829|-102.559}} |21:43–21:55 |{{Cvt|2.41|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Spotters and emergency management observed a tornado. No damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |S of Culbertson |Hitchcock |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.1142|-100.83}} |22:40 |{{Cvt|0.25|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |An emergency manager reported a tornado, but no damage was found. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |ESE of Culbertson to NW of McCook |Red Willow |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.2034|-100.7604}} |22:55–23:01 |{{Cvt|6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|350|yd|m}} |This strong tornado destroyed six grain bins and five farm outbuildings, and produced significant damage to a house, where it collapsed brick walls, lifted half of the structure's roof, and completely removed the garage. A combine sustained damage when it was struck by a grain bin. Windows of cars and homes were shattered, wooden and barbed wire fences were damaged, irrigation pivots were overturned, and numerous trees were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |N of McCook |Red Willow, Frontier |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.3452|-100.627}} |23:10–23:14 |{{Cvt|2.98|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |A NWS damage survey found snapped tree branches and minor debris from unknown sources. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SW of Stockville |Frontier |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.47|-100.46}} |23:32–23:33 |{{Cvt|0.1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A tornado briefly touched down. No damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Northwestern Stockville |Frontier |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.53|-100.38}} |23:45–23:46 |{{Cvt|0.1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A tornado briefly touched down in a field at the northwestern edge of Stockville. No damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NE of Stockville |Frontier |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.56|-100.34}} |23:55–23:57 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|315|yd|m}} |Several {{Cvt|1400|lb|kg}} hay bales were moved, damaging two fences. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |NE of Stockville |Frontier |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.5812|-100.3127}} |23:58–00:00 |{{Cvt|0.6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|178|yd|m}} |Numerous {{Cvt|1400|lb|kg}} hay bales were rolled across the road, and twelve power poles were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat3}}" |EF3 |NE of Stockville to SW of Farnam |Frontier |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.6119|-100.2722}} |00:05–00:09 |{{Cvt|2.12|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|400|yd|m}} |A large pole barn was destroyed at a farm, along with a well-built, anchor-bolted garage structure that was swept completely away. A house at this farm was heavily damaged and shifted off of its foundation. A semi-truck and several pivot irrigation systems were overturned, and a large semi-trailer was thrown across a road. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NE of Stockville |Frontier |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.6733|-100.1913}} |00:12–00:13 |{{Cvt|0.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|40|yd|m}} |A tree trunk was twisted and many large tree limbs were broken. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |E of Farnam |Frontier, Dawson |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.6992|-100.1972}} |00:15–00:33 |{{Cvt|4.67|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|400|yd|m}} |This tornado downed large tree limbs, uprooted trees, and caused minor damage to homes. Grain bins and outbuildings were damaged or destroyed, and a garage was pushed off its foundation. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|UNK}}" |EFU |NNW of Forgan, OK |Beaver (OK), Meade (KS) |[[Oklahoma|OK]], [[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.9622|-100.5635}} |00:32–00:45 |{{Cvt|6.74|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Storm chasers filmed a tornado crossing the Oklahoma/Kansas state line. No damage was observed. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NE of Cozad |Dawson |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.8606|-99.953}} |00:54–01:10 |{{Cvt|9.75|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|600|yd|m}} |Trees and power poles were broken. A large farm machinery shed was demolished and several irrigation pivots were overturned. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |W of Eddyville |Dawson |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.0026|-99.7586}} |01:15–01:17 |{{Cvt|1.58|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |A storm chaser reported a rain-wrapped tornado. No damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SE of Oconto |Custer |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.0773|-99.6836}} |01:30–01:31 |{{Cvt|0.1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|92|yd|m}} |A pole barn was damaged, a tree trunk was snapped, and a house sustained minor porch damage. A horse trailer was rolled over two wooden fences and one metal fence before it landed in a horse corral. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |N of Fowler |Meade |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.4181|-100.2255}} |00:36–00:38 |{{Cvt|1.54|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A trained storm spotter witnessed an intermittent tornado. No damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat3}}" |EF3 |SE of Fowler to W of Ford |Meade, Clark, Ford |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.3497|-100.1384}} |01:37–02:22 |{{Cvt|29.62|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|600|yd|m}} |This significant, long-tracked tornado passed near the towns of Minneola and Bloom, significantly damaging multiple farmsteads. A semi-truck was blown off the road near the beginning of the path. Homes sustained major structural damage, including roof and exterior wall loss. Barns and outbuildings were completely destroyed, including a metal-framed structure that was severely mangled. Farm machinery was thrown and damaged, trees were snapped and denuded, and a wooden projectile was speared into a dirt road. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |W of Minneola |Clark |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.4457|-100.0765}} |01:46–01:47 |{{Cvt|0.42|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |A storm chaser reported a tornado. No damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |NE of Ford to SW of Kinsley |Ford, Edwards |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.6775|-99.7119}} |02:30–02:58 |{{Cvt|14.86|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|875|yd|m}} |A high-end EF2 wedge tornado snapped, denuded, and uprooted numerous trees. A house was damaged, a truck had its windows blown-out, and a large motorhome was overturned. Large metal grain bins were crumpled and destroyed, and several barns and outbuildings were destroyed as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |Lewis to N of Belpre |Edwards, Pawnee |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.9405|-99.2515}} |03:19–03:37 |{{Cvt|10.92|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|565|yd|m}} |This tornado touched down in Lewis, where numerous trees were downed, a semi-truck was flipped, outbuildings were destroyed, and minor structural damage occurred. Elsewhere along the path, pivot irrigation systems were flipped, and homes and outbuildings sustained significant damage at several farmsteads. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |N of Seward |Pawnee |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.2521|-98.7974}} |04:28–04:30 |{{Cvt|0.8|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A storm chaser reported a tornado. No damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |SE of Dundee |Barton |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.27|-98.81}} |04:30–04:31 |{{Cvt|0.22|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A trained storm spotter witnessed a brief rope tornado. No damage occurred. |- |} === Abubuwan da suka faru a ranar 18 ga Mayu === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |+List of confirmed tornadoes – Saturday, May 18, 2019{{Efn|All dates are based on the local [[time zone]] where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in [[Coordinated Universal Time]] for consistency.}} ! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |EF# ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:7%; text-align:center;" |Location ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |County / parish ! scope="col" style="width:5%; text-align:center;" |State ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Start coord. ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Time (UTC) ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Path length ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Max width ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:48%; text-align:center;" |Summary |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |N of Eldorado |Schleicher |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|31.0384|-100.5931}} |07:05–07:13 |{{Cvt|2.08|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|250|yd|m}} |Tree damage occurred, a stone house had its roof torn off, and a vehicle was moved. One person was injured. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |N of Knickerbocker to San Angelo |Tom Green |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|31.3230|-100.6501}} |09:57–10:46 |{{Cvt|17.58|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|1760|yd|m}} |This damaging tornado touched down near Knickerbocker, causing severe roof and exterior wall damage to a house and destroying a large garage structure. A gymnasium had a cinder block exterior wall blown out as well. The tornado weakened and entered the southwest side of San Angelo, and then moved northeastward through the downtown area. Damage along this portion of the path consisted of minor shingle and chimney damage to homes and a restaurant, downed fences and tree limbs, and damage to a gas station awning. A few trees were also uprooted in downtown San Angelo. High-end EF2 damage occurred in the northern part of the city, where several homes had their roofs torn off, a few of which sustained partial collapse of exterior walls. Many other homes sustained minor to moderate roof damage. A car was thrown into the front wall of one house, and a roof shingle was found impaled into a sheet metal fence in this area. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |Western Abilene |Taylor |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.4191|-99.8388}} |10:43–10:53 |{{Cvt|5.04|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|388|yd|m}} |A strong tornado touched down to the east of Dyess Air Force Base in Abilene and moved through the western part of the city. A manufactured building at an elementary school was destroyed, and homes sustained partial to total roof loss. Vehicles were moved and damaged by flying debris, and a storage facility was significantly damaged with sheet metal debris scattered throughout the area. Power poles were snapped, and many trees were downed, some of which landed on homes. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Northern Abilene |Taylor, Jones |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.491|-99.7372}} |10:56–11:18 |{{Cvt|8.8|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|550|yd|m}} |A metal building had its roof ripped off, windows blown out, and north-facing exterior wall damaged. A billboard was ripped up, an 18-wheeler was flipped over, and trees were snapped or uprooted. Two residences and a number of outbuildings were damaged outside the city. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat3}}" |EF3 |SSW of Lowake to Northwestern Ballinger |Concho, Runnels |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|31.5142|-100.0926}} |11:52–12:31 |{{Cvt|18.01|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|1760|yd|m}} |In and around Lowake, this large and intense multiple-vortex tornado destroyed numerous outbuildings and an RV camper, and tossed a large metal storage tank. Farther along the path, a home lost its roof and exterior walls. As the tornado passed to the east of Rowena, two additional homes sustained total roof and exterior wall loss, and a large brick commercial building was leveled. Past Rowena, the tornado swept away a poorly anchored home, leaving only the concrete foundation slab behind. Nearby vehicles were tossed and damaged, and trees were partially debarked. The tornado struck the northwest part of Ballinger before dissipating, where several homes were left with only interior rooms standing, the athletic fields at the local high school sustained major damage, and a water tower was punctured by flying debris, resulting in a major water leak. Numerous trees and power poles were snapped along the path, and pivot irrigation systems were flipped and twisted. One person was injured. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |E of Geronimo |Comanche |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.473|-98.334}} |12:37–12:38 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|60|yd|m}} |A brief but strong tornado ripped the roofs and exterior walls off of two homes. One person suffered a minor injury. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat3}}" |EF3 |NE of Benoit |Runnels |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|31.8350|-99.7791}} |12:52–13:02 |{{Cvt|5.79|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|1760|yd|m}} |A significant tornado collapsed metal truss towers, bent large metal power line pylons to the ground, and completely swept away a metal-framed outbuilding. Another metal outbuilding was damaged, power poles were leaned, and trees were snapped or uprooted, some of which were severely debarked. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat3}}" |EF3 |NW of Coleman |Coleman |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|31.8604|-99.5939}} |13:20–13:43 |{{Cvt|7.84|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|300|yd|m}} |This intense tornado destroyed a cabin, outbuildings, and trees. The second floor of a well-built home was removed, and two exterior walls were collapsed as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |ESE of Stillwater |Payne |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.106|-97.002}} |14:27 |{{Cvt|0.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |An outbuilding and a detached garage were severely damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |ENE of Ingalls |Payne |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.102|-96.87}} |14:33 |{{Cvt|0.4|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Three barns and a shop were significantly damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |SE of Santo |Palo Pinto |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.58|-98.2}} |15:42 |{{Cvt|0.01|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |A trained storm spotter observed vegetation debris as the tornado was ongoing. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |W of Bixby |Tulsa |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.9285|-95.9464}} |16:03–16:08 |{{Cvt|3.7|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|350|yd|m}} |A weak tornado blew the roof off an outbuilding, caused minor damage to homes, and snapped tree limbs |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NNE of Cottonwood |Coal |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.647|-96.178}} |16:18 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Multiple large shipping containers were blown over and multiple light frame structures were damaged at a natural gas production facility that was under construction. Flying debris damaged numerous vehicles and injured three people. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |E of Melvin |McCulloch |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|31.2014|-99.5676}} |16:34–16:35 |{{Cvt|0.06|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A trained storm spotter sighted a tornado in open country. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |E of Claremore to SW of Adair |Rogers, Mayes |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.3049|-95.4547}} |16:58–17:11 |{{Cvt|10.1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|400|yd|m}} |Multiple homes sustained minor damage, and numerous trees were snapped or uprooted. Some power poles were also snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NW of Langley |Mayes |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.47|-95.086}} |17:32–17:35 |{{Cvt|2.1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Outbuildings were damaged and power poles were blown down. Some tree limbs were also damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |N of McCurtain |Haskell |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.1901|-94.9903}} |18:13–18:15 |{{Cvt|1.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Several trees were uprooted. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SSW of Arkoma, OK to Fort Smith, AR |Le Flore (OK), Sebastian (AR) |[[Oklahoma|OK]], [[Arkansas (jiha)|AR]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.3400|-94.4381}} |18:55–19:04 |{{Cvt|5.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|450|yd|m}} |A tornado impacted southwestern Arkoma, damaging trees, before crossing into Arkansas and striking Fort Smith. There, numerous homes and businesses sustained roof damage and broken windows. Power poles were snapped, and numerous large trees were downed, some of which landed on homes and caused major structural damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Northern Greenwood |Sebastian |[[Arkansas (jiha)|AR]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.2203|-94.2919}} |18:59–19:04 |{{Cvt|3.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|600|yd|m}} |Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, power poles were snapped, and homes sustained roof damage in the northern part of Greenwood. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Prairie Grove |Washington |[[Arkansas (jiha)|AR]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.98|-94.3468}} |19:01–19:02 |{{Cvt|1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Trees and power poles were blown down. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Southeastern Fort Smith |Sebastian, Crawford |[[Arkansas (jiha)|AR]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.3462|-94.3164}} |19:04–19:09 |{{Cvt|2.9|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|400|yd|m}} |Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted and homes were damaged in the southeastern part of Fort Smith. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SE of Lavaca to NNE of Charleston |Sebastian, Franklin |[[Arkansas (jiha)|AR]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.2857|-94.1170}} |19:10–19:19 |{{Cvt|7.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|1000|yd|m}} |Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted and chicken houses were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Mulberry |Crawford |[[Arkansas (jiha)|AR]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.5052|-94.0617}} |19:25–19:27 |{{Cvt|1.6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|300|yd|m}} |A brief tornado impacted Mulberry, uprooting trees and damaging homes. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NW of New Chapel Hill |Smith |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.3121|-95.2087}} |22:45–22:48 |{{Cvt|0.72|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|200|yd|m}} |The roofs of two metal outbuildings and a single family home were damaged, along with a Dairy Queen sign. Trees were snapped and uprooted as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |W of Slovak |Prairie |[[Arkansas (jiha)|AR]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.66|-91.64}} |22:55–22:56 |{{Cvt|0.25|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A tornado caused minor damage to grain bins. |- |} === Abubuwan da suka faru a ranar 19 ga Mayu === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |+List of confirmed tornadoes – Sunday, May 19, 2019{{Efn|All dates are based on the local [[time zone]] where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in [[Coordinated Universal Time]] for consistency.}} ! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |EF# ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:7%; text-align:center;" |Location ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |County / parish ! scope="col" style="width:5%; text-align:center;" |State ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Start coord. ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Time (UTC) ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Path length ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Max width ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:48%; text-align:center;" |Summary |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SE of [[Town Bluff, Texas|Town Bluff]] |Tyler, Jasper |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|30.7557|-94.1459}} |06:07–06:09 |{{Cvt|1.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|600|yd|m}} |Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, including one that fell on a mobile home, injuring a man inside. Twenty-two power poles were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SW of Jasper |Jasper |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|30.7988|-94.0808}} |06:21–06:30 |{{Cvt|3.08|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |A mobile home was severely damaged, and numerous pine trees were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |W of Mora |Natchitoches |[[Louisiana|LA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|31.3732|-92.9990}} |07:02–07:05 |{{Cvt|1.19|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|80|yd|m}} |Several large tree branches were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SSW of Mangham to WNW of Delhi |Richland |[[Louisiana|LA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.2825|-91.789}} |07:46–08:11 |{{Cvt|18.67|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|700|yd|m}} |Several outbuildings sustained minor damage, and many trees were snapped or uprooted. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |N of Singer |Beauregard |[[Louisiana|LA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|30.7028|-93.4165}} |08:14–08:18 |{{Cvt|2.91|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|600|yd|m}} |Numerous pine trees were snapped or uprooted. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NE of Singer |Beauregard |[[Louisiana|LA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|30.7266|-93.3785}} |08:19–08:24 |{{Cvt|2.6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|800|yd|m}} |Several barns and mobile homes were damaged. Numerous pine trees were snapped or uprooted. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SW of DeRidder |Beauregard |[[Louisiana|LA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|30.7775|-93.3449}} |08:26–08:30 |{{Cvt|2.67|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|250|yd|m}} |Trees were snapped along the path. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |WNW of Elizabeth |Allen |[[Louisiana|LA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|30.866|-92.8327}} |09:40–09:47 |{{Cvt|2.26|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Numerous softwood trees were snapped, and shingles were ripped off a home. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |S of Oakdale |Allen |[[Louisiana|LA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|30.7093|-92.6624}} |10:03–10:14 |{{Cvt|1.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|900|yd|m}} |Numerous softwood trees and power poles were snapped, and some trees caused roof damage to homes upon falling. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SSE of Mamou |Evangeline |[[Louisiana|LA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|30.6044|-92.4}} |10:42–10:43 |{{Cvt|0.23|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A manufactured home was pulled off its blocks. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |E of Mamou |Evangeline |[[Louisiana|LA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|30.6095|-92.3345}} |10:47–11:06 |{{Cvt|9.07|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|400|yd|m}} |The roof of one house was ripped off and several others were severely damaged by this high-end EF1 tornado. One manufactured home was demolished and a second was flipped. Trees were snapped as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Ville Platte |Evangeline |[[Louisiana|LA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|30.6837|-92.2911}} |10:50–10:59 |{{Cvt|2.46|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|600|yd|m}} |Numerous trees and power poles were snapped in town. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Montpelier |St. Helena |[[Louisiana|LA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|30.6796|-90.6528}} |13:30–13:31 |{{Cvt|0.18|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |This tornado damaged the roof of a business and knocked a tree onto a mobile home in Montpelier. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NNE of Lacey |Barry |[[Michigan|MI]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|42.5334|-85.1745}} |22:25–22:28 |{{Cvt|1.35|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Three barns on a farm were damaged, a telephone pole was blown down, and about a dozen trees were snapped or uprooted. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |E of Huron |Fresno |[[California|CA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.20|-119.99}} |22:41–22:42 |{{Cvt|0.35|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |A brief tornado was observed. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |W of Cocalico |Lancaster |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.241|-76.1637}} |00:03–00:05 |{{Cvt|0.84|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|125|yd|m}} |Some mobile homes sustained minor damage, and a storage shed was destroyed. Three homes sustained roof damage, one of which lost its roof entirely. Three minor injuries were caused by flying debris. Many trees were downed with some falling on the Pennsylvania Turnpike, prompting its temporary closure. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NW of Eaton |Preble |[[Ohio (jiha)|OH]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.7529|-84.7042}} |00:39–00:46 |{{Cvt|4.41|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, one of which fell on and caused facade damage to a home. A second house suffered significant roof removal and siding damage. A power pole was downed, a barn was partially collapsed, and another residence had its siding ripped off. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |West Alexandria to N of New Lebanon |Preble, Montgomery |[[Ohio (jiha)|OH]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.7349|-84.5450}} |00:50–01:01 |{{Cvt|7.6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|120|yd|m}} |The most significant damage from this tornado occurred at an industrial facility in West Alexandria, where an old masonry building lost part of its roof and suffered the collapse of most of its east-facing wall. A modern industrial building saw minor roof and facade damage, and a dumpster was lofted about {{Cvt|100|ft|m}} from its original location. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted in town, and an outbuilding sustained roof damage. Farther along the path, barns and outbuildings were damaged or destroyed, and sheet metal was scattered through fields. Homes sustained roof damage, and many trees were snapped or uprooted. Fencing was downed, a street sign was thrown into a field, and a swing set was tossed as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Huber Heights |Montgomery |[[Ohio (jiha)|OH]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.8509|-84.1497}} |01:22–01:24 |{{Cvt|0.97|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |Numerous homes suffered minor roof and siding damage in a residential area of Huber Heights. One home had its porch awning lifted and blown into the road. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Tinicum Township |Bucks |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.49|-75.14}} |01:51–01:52 |{{Cvt|0.26|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Dozens of trees were snapped or uprooted, and three camping trailers were significantly damaged by fallen trees. |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |+List of confirmed tornadoes – Monday, May 20, 2019{{Efn|All dates are based on the local [[time zone]] where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in [[Coordinated Universal Time]] for consistency.}} ! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |EF# ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:7%; text-align:center;" |Location ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |County / parish ! scope="col" style="width:5%; text-align:center;" |State ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Start coord. ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Time (UTC) ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Path length ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Max width ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:48%; text-align:center;" |Summary |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SSW of Moenave |Coconino |[[Arizona|AZ]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.05|-111.35}} |16:50 |{{Cvt|1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|10|yd|m}} |A brief tornado remained over open country, causing no damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |S of McAdoo |Dickens |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33.6648|-101.0009}} |19:05–19:18 |{{Cvt|1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |A storm chaser and an off-duty NWS employee reported a tornado over open land. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |W of Paducah (1st tornado) |Cottle |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33.9973|-100.3859}} |20:00–20:01 |{{Cvt|0.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|10|yd|m}} |An emergency manager videoed a tornado. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |W of Paducah (2nd tornado) |Cottle |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.025|-100.3733}} |20:01–20:09 |{{Cvt|1.89|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |An emergency manager videoed a tornado. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SW of Wellington |Collingsworth |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.7864|-100.2851}} |20:29–20:30 |{{Cvt|0.35|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Small tree limbs were broken by this weak tornado. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |NW of Cashion |Kingfisher |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.8614|-97.7557}} |20:31–20:32 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|40|yd|m}} |Storm chasers witnessed a tornado. No damage was reported. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |N of Cashion (1st tornado) |Kingfisher |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.897|-97.716}} |20:43–20:47 |{{Cvt|3.7|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |Television storm chasers and helicopters observed a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |N of Cashion (2nd tornado) |Kingfisher |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.9592|-97.68}} |20:46–20:47 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A second tornado was observed in conjunction with the previous one. No damage was reported. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NW of Crescent |Logan |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.953|-97.656}} |20:50–20:58 |{{Cvt|6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|70|yd|m}} |The roof was blown off a barn. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |N of Crescent |Logan |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.987|-97.617}} |20:54–20:55 |{{Cvt|1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|40|yd|m}} |A tornado was reported via broadcast media. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NW of Mulhall |Logan |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.116|-97.497}} |21:08 |{{Cvt|0.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|40|yd|m}} |Two power poles and trees were damaged. A truck was pushed into a ditch. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |S of Chicopee |Cherokee, Crawford |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.3325|-94.7516}} |21:14–21:19 |{{Cvt|2.19|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|440|yd|m}} |Numerous trees were damaged or snapped, and outbuildings were damaged or destroyed. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |W of Perry |Noble |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.253|-97.385}} |21:23–21:27 |{{Cvt|3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Barns and a home were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |S of Pittsburg, KS to SE of Mindenmines, MO |Crawford (KS), Barton (MO) |[[Kansas|KS]], [[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.3524|-94.7074}} |21:23–21:38 |{{Cvt|10.67|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|1200|yd|m}} |Outbuildings, grain bins, carports, and barns were damaged or destroyed, and homes sustained roof damage as a result of this large tornado. Many trees were snapped or uprooted, and a mobile home was overturned as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NNE of Dover (1st tornado) |Kingfisher |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.038|-97.886}} |21:36 |{{Cvt|0.1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A television storm chaser sighted a tornado. No damage was reported. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |SW of Hollis |Harmon |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.6593|-99.9573}} |21:37–21:38 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Multiple storm chasers observed a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NNE of Dover (2nd tornado) |Kingfisher |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.041|-97.885}} |21:38 |{{Cvt|0.1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A television storm chaser observed a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |ENE of Hollis |Harmon |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.7066|-99.8712}} |21:45 |{{Cvt|0.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |An off-duty NWS employee observed a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |E of Hennessey |Kingfisher, Logan |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.123|-97.69}} |21:55–21:59 |{{Cvt|1.45|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A storm chaser observed a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |NNE of Gould |Harmon |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.6967|-99.7565}} |21:59 |{{Cvt|0.1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |Multiple storm chasers reported a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SW of Perry |Garfield, Noble |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.19|-97.495}} |22:05–22:13 |{{Cvt|7.7|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |A house and a barn were severely damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |WSW of Orlando |Logan |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.1279|-97.4462}} |22:09 |{{Cvt|0.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Some trees were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |Western Mangum |Greer |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.809|-99.614}} |22:12–22:29 |{{Cvt|11|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|1200|yd|m}} |A strong and highly visible tornado impacted areas around Mangum, destroying many outbuildings, ripping the roof off a home, and damaging trees. The tornado weakened as entered the western part of Mangum, damaging the roof of an apartment building before dissipating. Research radar data indicates the tornado was likely stronger than EF2 over rural areas. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat3}}" |EF3 |SE of Odessa |Ector, Midland |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|31.7333|-102.3041}} |22:23–22:38 |{{Cvt|5.8|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|225|yd|m}} |Power poles were broken, and some pump jacks were toppled along with other oil field equipment. Extensive ground scouring occurred as this intense tornado moved across open oil fields. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |SW of Granite |Greer |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.9498|-99.3925}} |22:38 |{{Cvt|0.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|40|yd|m}} |Multiple storm chasers reported a brief tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |NE of Sumner |Noble |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.393|-97.052}} |22:38 |{{Cvt|0.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |A storm chaser sighted a brief tornado. No damage was reported. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NE of Fort Myers |Lee |[[Florida|FL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26.6681|-81.8214}} |22:48–22:50 |{{Cvt|0.06|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |A tornado damaged a mobile home before dissipating and reforming as a waterspout over the Caloosahatchee River. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |NNE of Lone Wolf |Kiowa |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.0435|-99.223}} |23:14–23:15 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |Multiple storm chasers observed a tornado. No damage was reported. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |WSW of Dudenville |Jasper |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.2942|-94.1016}} |23:45–23:46 |{{Cvt|0.24|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A tornado in an open field was caught on video. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |E of Dickens |Dickens |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33.6049|-100.5951}} |23:47–23:54 |{{Cvt|3.37|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|300|yd|m}} |Numerous storm chasers observed a large, rain-wrapped tornado that reportedly downed trees. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |SE of Midland |Midland |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|31.6953|-101.9734}} |23:52–00:02 |{{Cvt|6.63|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |Two RV campers and a two mobile homes were destroyed, and power poles were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Eastern [[Tulsa]] |Tulsa |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.1543|-95.8549}} |02:05–02:06 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Large tree limbs were snapped and power poles were downed. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |S of Rotan |Fisher |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.77|-100.5}} |02:08 |{{Cvt|0.01|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |A trained storm spotter reported a brief tornado. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |E of Winchester |Okmulgee |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.7940|-95.8454}} |03:01–03:11 |{{Cvt|4.4|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|450|yd|m}} |A home was damaged and an outbuilding was destroyed. Trees and power poles were also downed. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SW of Wagoner |Wagoner |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.9365|-95.4118}} |03:09–03:10 |{{Cvt|0.75|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Several trees were uprooted and large tree limbs snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |E of Sagerton |Haskell |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33.08|-99.95}} |03:29 |{{Cvt|0.01|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |A trained storm spotter reported a brief tornado. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |SW of Peggs to NW of Kansas |Cherokee, Delaware |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.0526|-95.1535}} |03:29–03:56 |{{Cvt|21|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|2700|yd|m}} |A strong, massive wedge tornado struck the town of Peggs, where a general store was damaged, storage buildings were destroyed, a manufactured home was damaged, and a brick home sustained total roof loss and some collapse of exterior walls. Elsewhere along the path, chicken houses and manufactured homes were damaged, outbuildings were destroyed, and numerous trees and power poles were snapped. One person was injured. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |S of Salina |Mayes |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.2675|-95.1491}} |03:35–03:43 |{{Cvt|3.6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|1100|yd|m}} |Power poles were snapped and trees were uprooted. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |W of Leach to NW of Kansas |Delaware |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.2036|-94.9533}} |03:54–04:04 |{{Cvt|6.9|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|600|yd|m}} |Homes and outbuildings were damaged, and trees were snapped or uprooted. This tornado crossed the damage path of the EF2 tornado that struck Peggs. |- |} === Abubuwan da suka faru a ranar 21 ga Mayu === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |+List of confirmed tornadoes – Tuesday, May 21, 2019{{Efn|All dates are based on the local [[time zone]] where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in [[Coordinated Universal Time]] for consistency.}} ! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |EF# ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:7%; text-align:center;" |Location ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |County / parish ! scope="col" style="width:5%; text-align:center;" |State ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Start coord. ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Time (UTC) ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Path length ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Max width ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:48%; text-align:center;" |Summary |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Northeastern Noble |McClain, Cleveland |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.109|-97.447}} |08:45–08:50 |{{Cvt|3.75|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|250|yd|m}} |Trees and barns were damaged in the northeastern part of Noble. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NE of Norman |Cleveland |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.218|-97.361}} |08:57–09:08 |{{Cvt|4.1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Several trees were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SSE of Lake Stanley Draper |Cleveland |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.277|-97.318}} |09:13 |{{Cvt|0.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A brief tornado damaged trees and the roof of a barn. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NW of [[Stella, Oklahoma|Stella]] |Cleveland |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.358|-97.25}} |09:22–09:24 |{{Cvt|1.4|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |An outbuilding and several trees were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |E of Dale |Pottawatomie |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.387|-97.028}} |09:33–09:42 |{{Cvt|2.6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |A mobile home was destroyed, several others were damaged, and some tree trunks were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |ENE of Aydelotte to ESE of Meeker |Pottawatomie, Lincoln |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.463|-96.856}} |09:50–09:55 |{{Cvt|2.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |Two outbuildings and a few trees were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NW of Sapulpa |Creek |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.0231|-96.1655}} |11:08–11:11 |{{Cvt|1.6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |A tornado developed just south of [[Sahoma Lake]] and quickly traversed it. A debris ball signature was apparent on radar during the event; however, survey teams were unable to access these areas due to flooding. The tornado's path and intensity are based on radar data. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |SW of McBride |Marshall |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33.8991|-96.6893}} |11:25 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |Emergency management reported a waterspout over Lake Texoma that remained over water and caused no damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Northern [[Tulsa]] |Tulsa |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.1708|-95.9739}} |11:29–11:30 |{{Cvt|0.4|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Radar data depicted a debris ball over an industrial area of Tulsa; however, survey teams were unable to fully survey the affected area due to flooding. The intensity estimation was based on radar data as result. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |[[Tulsa]] |Tulsa |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.1742|-95.9725}} |11:31–11:35 |{{Cvt|2.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|550|yd|m}} |A number of homes and structures were damaged, trees were downed, and two power poles were snapped. One man was injured when a tree fell onto his house. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |N of [[Tulsa]] |Tulsa |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.2334|-95.9153}} |11:37–11:39 |{{Cvt|0.7|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Trees were damaged near the Tulsa International Airport. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NNE of Owasso |Tulsa |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.3156|-95.8231}} |11:48–11:49 |{{Cvt|0.6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Large tree branches were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |W of Tushka |Atoka |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.335|-96.345}} |12:03–12:06 |{{Cvt|1.6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |A barn suffered significant roof damage. Trees and power lines were downed. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |WSW of [[Bassville, Missouri|Bassville]] |Greene |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.3199|-93.1985}} |18:06–18:07 |{{Cvt|1.17|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |An outbuilding was blown off its foundation, a barn had its roof blown off, and some homes sustained minor shingle damage. Several trees were also uprooted. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |W of Marshfield |Webster |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.2722|-93.0549}} |19:48–19:55 |{{Cvt|7.07|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |A tornado along an intermittent path damaged the roofs of structures and snapped or uprooted trees. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |W of Mansfield to W of Manes |Wright |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.0797|-92.6268}} |20:17–20:40 |{{Cvt|23.75|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|200|yd|m}} |A grocery store in Hartville had its storefront collapsed and the back of the store blown in. Several trees were snapped and uprooted, with some falling onto a home. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |E of Beulah to ESE of Edgar Springs |Phelps |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.627|-91.8774}} |21:18–21:28 |{{Cvt|5.87|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|800|yd|m}} |Hundreds of trees were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SSE of Enterprise to S of Chapman |Dickinson |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.8433|-97.1004}} |21:32–21:48 |{{Cvt|7.48|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Trees and power lines were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |W of Stockton |Rooks |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.4386|-99.5123}} |21:50–21:51 |{{Cvt|0.23|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Photographic evidence confirmed a tornado. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |E of Chapman to ENE of Milford |Dickinson, Geary |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.9794|-96.9923}} |21:52–22:23 |{{Cvt|17.69|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |This tornado was intermittent in nature and stayed over rural areas, producing no observable damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |E of Yucatan |Callaway |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.8542|-91.728}} |22:05–22:08 |{{Cvt|0.56|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|250|yd|m}} |A small barn was destroyed, and some trees were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |W of Labadie to NE of Augusta |Franklin, St. Charles |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.5319|-90.8934}} |22:58–23:10 |{{Cvt|5.94|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|250|yd|m}} |A few roofs were blown off barns and outbuildings, and some homes sustained minor structural damage. Extensive tree damage also occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |E of Rossville to SW of Mayetta |Shawnee, Jackson |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.1318|-95.9140}} |23:10–23:32 |{{Cvt|12.56|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Trees and power lines were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |SW of Mayetta to S of Whiting |Jackson |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.3281|-95.7311}} |23:38–00:00 |{{Cvt|17.13|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Several structures and trees sustained moderate damage in the western part of Mayetta. Outside of town, outbuildings were damaged, and a house lost much of its roof and part of an exterior wall.<ref name="autogenerated7">{{Cite web |title=May 21, 2019 Tornado Summary |url=https://www.weather.gov/top/052119_tornadoes}}</ref> |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Waterloo |Monroe |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.3638|-90.1609}} |00:01–00:02 |{{Cvt|0.34|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Minor structural and tree damage occurred on the northern side of Waterloo. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SW of Oneida |Nemaha |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.8185|-95.9758}} |00:06–00:13 |{{Cvt|3.05|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Outbuildings and one residence were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NW of Effingham |Atchison |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.5411|-95.4228}} |00:08–00:17 |{{Cvt|5.39|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |Several power poles were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat3}}" |EF3 |E of Bern |Nemaha |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.9243|-95.9335}} |00:20–00:28 |{{Cvt|5.9|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|300|yd|m}} |This low-end EF3 tornado caused severe damage to a well-built brick home. Trees and power lines were also damaged, and cycloidal scouring occurred in open farm fields.<ref name="autogenerated7" /> |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |S of Dawson (1st tornado) |Richardson |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.0589|-95.8285}} |00:31–00:32 |{{Cvt|0.03|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A storm chaser caught a tornado on video. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |S of Dawson (2nd tornado) |Richardson |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.0656|-95.8283}} |00:43–00:45 |{{Cvt|1.68|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Storm chasers and a sheriff deputy sighted a tornado over open fields. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SE of Howe |Nemaha |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.2649|-95.7739}} |00:55–00:56 |{{Cvt|0.8|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Tree limbs were downed by this brief, weak tornado. |- |} === Abubuwan da suka faru a ranar 22 ga Mayu === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |+List of confirmed tornadoes – Wednesday, May 22, 2019{{Efn|All dates are based on the local [[time zone]] where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in [[Coordinated Universal Time]] for consistency.}} ! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |EF# ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:7%; text-align:center;" |Location ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |County / parish ! scope="col" style="width:5%; text-align:center;" |State ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Start coord. ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Time (UTC) ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Path length ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Max width ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:48%; text-align:center;" |Summary |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SE of Anita |Cass |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.4087|-94.7524}} |06:04–06:06 |{{Cvt|1.09|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |An old barn was demolished and its remains were tossed up to {{Cvt|0.3|mi|km}} away. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |E of Adair |Adair, Guthrie |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.4557|-94.6249}} |06:29–06:37 |{{Cvt|4.75|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |1 death - A split-level home was severely damaged, sustaining roof and exterior wall loss. One person inside was killed, and another was injured. Outbuildings were damaged or destroyed, and a few other homes sustained some damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |WNW of Pahrump |Nye |[[Nevada|NV]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.232|-116.0175}} |19:30–19:35 |{{Cvt|0.16|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |A landspout tornado caused no damage over an open field. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |N of Cromwell |Seminole |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.358|-96.462}} |21:29–21:31 |{{Cvt|1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |An outbuilding sustained roof damage, and trees were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |SSW of Castle |Okfuskee |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.4113|-96.4046}} |21:34–21:35 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Trained storm spotters reported a tornado over an inaccessible area. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |S of Castle |Okfuskee |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.4538|-96.3853}} |21:41–21:43 |{{Cvt|1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Storm chasers sighted a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SE of IXL |Okfuskee |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.4935|-96.3606}} |21:47–21:49 |{{Cvt|0.8|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |A brief tornado destroyed several outbuildings and snapped tree limbs. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |[[Okfuskee, Oklahoma|Okfuskee]] |Okfuskee |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.6066|-96.2292}} |22:10–22:12 |{{Cvt|0.6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|125|yd|m}} |A brief tornado moderately damaged some farmsteads and lofted hay bales. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |E of Okemah |Okfuskee |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.4313|-96.2168}} |22:23–22:33 |{{Cvt|6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|650|yd|m}} |A tornado formed just north of I-40 and damaged homes, snapped trees, and destroyed outbuildings. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |ENE of Okemah |Okfuskee, Okmulgee |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.4903|-96.1605}} |22:32–22:50 |{{Cvt|7.7|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|400|yd|m}} |A tornado damaged outbuildings and snapped numerous trees. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NW of Morris |Okmulgee |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.6237|-95.8869}} |23:03 |{{Cvt|0.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Large tree limbs were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NNE of Turley |Tulsa |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.2923|-95.9378}} |23:07 |{{Cvt|0.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Large tree limbs were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NE of Haskell |Muskogee |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.8343|-95.6553}} |23:36 |{{Cvt|0.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Large tree limbs were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |W of Bluejacket |Craig |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.7813|-95.2521}} |23:44–23:53 |{{Cvt|5.1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|350|yd|m}} |A tornado snapped or uprooted numerous trees. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SW of Welch |Craig |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.832|-95.1399}} |23:59–00:01 |{{Cvt|1.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |Power poles were snapped and trees were uprooted. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |SE of Fair Oaks |Wagoner, Rogers |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.1563|-95.6889}} |00:25–00:27 |{{Cvt|1.8|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |A trained storm spotter reported a tornado that caused no damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |WNW of Cardin, OK, to Treece, KS |Ottawa (OK), Cherokee (KS) |[[Oklahoma|OK]], [[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.9535|-94.9301}} |00:25–00:36 |{{Cvt|7.32|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|1100|yd|m}} |A tornado damaged homes, destroyed outbuildings, snapped power poles, and snapped or uprooted numerous trees. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat3}}" |EF3 |N of Galena, KS to Carl Junction, MO to W of Oronogo, MO |Cherokee (KS), Jasper (MO) |[[Kansas|KS]], [[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.1096|-94.6244}} |01:05–01:19 |{{Cvt|9.22|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|440|yd|m}} |This strong tornado crossed over the Kansas-Missouri state line shortly after it touched down, and moved directly through Carl Junction, with the most severe damage occurring in the Briarbrook Country Club area. Dozens of well-built homes in town were heavily damaged, a few of which sustained loss of roofs and exterior walls. Numerous other homes sustained light to moderate roof damage. Outbuildings outside of town were destroyed, several power poles were snapped or damaged, numerous trees were snapped, and several cars at a salvage yard were tossed. This tornado struck areas just a few miles north of Joplin on the eighth anniversary of a catastrophic EF5 tornado that killed 158&nbsp;people. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NE of Pryor |Mayes |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.3138|-95.3108}} |01:09–01:19 |{{Cvt|3.1|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|650|yd|m}} |A tornado damaged outbuildings and uprooted trees. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NE of Sutter |Hancock |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.3319|-91.3222}} |01:17–01:18 |{{Cvt|0.53|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |A barn was completely destroyed, a power pole was snapped, and a large tree was uprooted. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |N of Armstrong |Howard |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.2897|-92.6979}} |01:19–01:22 |{{Cvt|0.56|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|40|yd|m}} |The walls and doors of an outbuilding were collapsed. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NE of Oronogo |Jasper |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.1976|-94.4632}} |01:23–01:35 |{{Cvt|7.88|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|200|yd|m}} |Numerous large trees were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |W of Hominy |Osage |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.42|-96.5205}} |01:28 |{{Cvt|0.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Trained storm spotters sighted a brief tornado over open country. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |W of Hominy |Osage |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.42|-96.4481}} |01:31 |{{Cvt|0.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Trained storm spotters sighted a brief tornado over open country. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |NW of Locust Grove |Mayes |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.2358|-95.2144}} |01:44 |{{Cvt|0.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Trained storm spotters reported a brief tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat3}}" |EF3 |SE of Jasper to N of Golden City |Jasper, Barton |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.308|-94.2343}} |01:51–02:13 |{{Cvt|11.29|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|880|yd|m}} |3 deaths – ''See section on this tornado'' – One person was injured. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |S of Salina |Mayes |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.2661|-95.1683}} |01:52–02:02 |{{Cvt|5.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|400|yd|m}} |A large cone tornado snapped or uprooted numerous trees. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |Western Jay to E of Grove |Delaware (OK), McDonald (MO) |[[Oklahoma|OK]], [[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.4307|-94.8135}} |02:34–03:08 |{{Cvt|16.59|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|1100|yd|m}} |This strong tornado touched down at the west edge of Jay before clipping the north side of town, where multiple homes sustained severe damage. Two frame homes had their roofs torn off, and two mobile homes were completely destroyed. Several other homes sustained lesser damage, outbuildings were damaged and destroyed, and many trees were snapped or uprooted along the path. The tornado dissipated shortly after crossing into Missouri. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |E of Rushville |Schuyler |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.1273|-90.4811}} |02:56–02:59 |{{Cvt|1.75|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A storm chaser photographed a tornado over an open field. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |WNW Rush Hill to S of Santa Fe |Audrain |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.2588|-91.8296}} |03:02–03:03 |{{Cvt|0.83|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |A barn sustained extensive damage, and several trees were also damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat3}}" |EF3 |Eldon to Jefferson City |Miller, Cole, Callaway |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.3344|-92.6132}} |03:56–04:45 |{{Cvt|32.68|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|1500|yd|m}} |1 death – ''See section on this tornado'' – 33 people were injured. |- |} === Abubuwan da suka faru a ranar 23 ga Mayu === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |+List of confirmed tornadoes – Thursday, May 23, 2019{{Efn|All dates are based on the local [[time zone]] where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in [[Coordinated Universal Time]] for consistency.}} ! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |EF# ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:7%; text-align:center;" |Location ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |County / parish ! scope="col" style="width:5%; text-align:center;" |State ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Start coord. ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Time (UTC) ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Path length ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Max width ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:48%; text-align:center;" |Summary |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SW of Cantrall to W of Broadwell |Sangamon, Menard, Logan |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.9199|-89.6909}} |05:15–05:27 |{{Cvt|15.25|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |A fast-moving tornado snapped or uprooted numerous trees, damaged farmsteads, and destroyed multiple outbuildings. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |N of Lincoln |Logan |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.1719|-89.3926}} |05:33–05:37 |{{Cvt|2.7|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |A brief tornado damaged several outbuildings, one home, and snapped trees. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SE of [[Vinta, Oklahoma|Vinta]] |Craig |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.6091|-95.099}} |05:39–05:40 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |Large tree limbs were snapped, and power poles were toppled. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |N of Ketchum |Craig, Delaware |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.5938|-95.0387}} |05:48–06:00 |{{Cvt|8.6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|1100|yd|m}} |A large tornado snapped or uprooted numerous trees, destroyed outbuildings, and damaged a mobile home. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Northern Cisco |Piatt |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.0116|-88.7367}} |06:10–06:12 |{{Cvt|1.34|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|200|yd|m}} |Numerous trees were damaged in the northern part of Cisco, several of which fell on structures. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |S of Laquey |Laclede, Pulaski |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.7132|-92.435}} |06:49–07:10 |{{Cvt|11.05|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|440|yd|m}} |Mobile homes were overturned and numerous trees were damaged. A house sustained minor roof damage as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Muncie |Vermilion |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.1133|-87.8552}} |07:06–07:08 |{{Cvt|1.56|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|200|yd|m}} |A brief tornado snapped multiple power poles and downed trees in town. One home was damaged by a tree that fell on it. A semi-trailer was overturned on I-74. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |WSW of Xenia |Clay |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.6161|-88.693}} |13:15–13:16 |{{Cvt|0.73|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A brief tornado occurred over open fields. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Clarksville to Columbia |Howard |[[Maryland|MD]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.2072|-76.9451}} |19:27–19:36 |{{Cvt|5.53|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |A portion of roof from an office building was removed, and numerous trees were snapped or uprooted. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NE of Marion |Grant |[[Indiana|IN]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.595|-85.5741}} |21:15–21:17 |{{Cvt|0.09|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A farm building had its roofing and siding material ripped off. Debris was tossed up to {{Cvt|0.7|mi|km}} downstream into and over grain silos and barns. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |ESE of Canyon |Randall |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.9501|-101.7826}} |22:01–22:04 |{{Cvt|0.59|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A local deputy reported a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |N of Washburn |Armstrong |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.2092|-101.5734}} |22:13–22:16 |{{Cvt|0.71|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A storm chaser videoed a landspout tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SSE of Canyon |Randall |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.8217|-101.8451}} |22:15–22:17 |{{Cvt|0.29|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A landspout tornado was reported by the public. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |NW of [[Johnson, Texas|Johnson]] |Terry |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33.2267|-102.48}} |22:28 |{{Cvt|0.07|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|10|yd|m}} |A trained storm spotter reported a brief anticyclonic tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |N of Pampa |Roberts |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.7224|-100.9926}} |23:14–23:28 |{{Cvt|9.11|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |This tornado largely stayed over open fields, though some power lines were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |NW of Canadian |Roberts, Ochiltree, Lipscomb |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.9856|-100.6969}} |23:59–00:33 |{{Cvt|17.51|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|900|yd|m}} |Two manufactured homes being transported by truck were blown off a highway by this large wedge tornado. Oil and natural gas field equipment, along with some large metal sheds were destroyed. Trees and power poles were snapped as well. This tornado may have been larger and stronger than EF2 intensity as it moved over open fields; however, the lack of damage indicators precluded a higher rating. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NNE of Pampa |Roberts |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.625|-100.917}} |00:07–00:08 |{{Cvt|0.04|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A brief tornado occurred over open fields. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Westmont |Cambria |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.3233|-78.9403}} |01:14–01:16 |{{Cvt|1.56|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|300|yd|m}} |A swath of trees was damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat3}}" |EF3 |NNE of Follett to SSW of Laverne |Lipscomb (TX), Beaver (OK), Ellis (OK), Harper (OK) |[[Texas|TX]], [[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.4807|-100.1212}} |01:26–01:58 |{{Cvt|15.7|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|1500|yd|m}} |A large and strong tornado began in the Texas Panhandle, damaging fences, power poles, and trees. The tornado continued into the Oklahoma Panhandle, where it and reached peak strength and completely swept away an unanchored farmhouse. A pickup truck at the residence was tossed {{Cvt|0.3|mi|km}} and mangled beyond recognition, and some of its associated parts were thrown over {{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}}. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |WSW of Lipscomb |Lipscomb |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.1721|-100.4427}} |01:43–01:48 |{{Cvt|4.47|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |A brief tornado occurred over open fields and caused no damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |W of Buffalo |Harper |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.83|-99.7204}} |02:32–02:33 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A television storm chaser sighted a tornado. No damage was reported. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |SW of Laverne |Harper |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.6486|-99.9766}} |02:43–02:44 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Trained storm spotters reported a tornado. No damage was observed that could be distinguished from the previous EF3 tornado. |- |} === Abubuwan da suka faru a ranar 24 ga Mayu === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |+List of confirmed tornadoes – Friday, May 24, 2019{{Efn|All dates are based on the local [[time zone]] where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in [[Coordinated Universal Time]] for consistency.}} ! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |EF# ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:7%; text-align:center;" |Location ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |County / parish ! scope="col" style="width:5%; text-align:center;" |State ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Start coord. ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Time (UTC) ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Path length ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Max width ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:48%; text-align:center;" |Summary |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Marysville |Marshall |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.8254|-96.6876}} |08:40–08:50 |{{Cvt|9.6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A tornado moved through Marysville, blowing two {{Cvt|30,000|gal|L}} gas tanks across a highway, snapping numerous power lines and trees, overturning a semi-truck, destroying an outbuilding, and damaging a building. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |N of Seneca |Nemaha |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.8863|-96.0678}} |09:19–09:25 |{{Cvt|5.94|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |This tornado damaged a farmstead and subsequently remained over rural areas. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |N of Selman |Harper |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.975|-99.498}} |09:42–09:47 |{{Cvt|2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |An outbuilding was destroyed and numerous trees were downed at a ranch. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |N of Industry |McDonough |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.3264|-90.6368}} |17:33–17:38 |{{Cvt|7.75|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Outbuildings were destroyed at two farmsteads. Large trees and power poles were downed as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NE of Industry |McDonough |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.3674|-90.5595}} |17:41–17:45 |{{Cvt|1.85|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |Outbuildings were destroyed while power poles and trees were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |W of Lewistown |Fulton |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.3799|-90.2619}} |18:10–18:12 |{{Cvt|1.17|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A few tree limbs were downed. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Douglass |Butler |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.5093|-97.0107}} |21:19–21:23 |{{Cvt|1.35|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Significant tree damage occurred, and a building in town had half of its roof peeled off. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |S of Rosalia |Butler |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.7485|-96.621}} |21:53-21:54 |{{Cvt|0.19|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A storm chaser observed a tornado in a field. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NE of Leal |Barnes |[[North Dakota|ND]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|47.11|-98.31}} |22:24–22:31 |{{Cvt|4.08|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |A small shed was destroyed, with pieces of the building impaled into the side of a home. Roofing was ripped from another house and a grain storage building. Trees were snapped in shelter belts. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |E of Rogers |Barnes |[[North Dakota|ND]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|47.08|-98.08}} |23:11–23:12 |{{Cvt|0.24|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |A small rope tornado snapped several tree limbs. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NW of Hope |Steele |[[North Dakota|ND]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|47.32|-97.81}} |23:20–23:28 |{{Cvt|4.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |A tornado embedded in downburst winds snapped multiple trees in a shelter belt. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |S of Blair |Jackson |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.7655|-99.33}} |23:35 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A mobile home, outbuildings, and trees were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |E of Frytown to Southern Iowa City |Johnson |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.5689|-91.7208}} |23:36–00:04 |{{Cvt|10.76|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Outbuildings were destroyed, and numerous vehicle trailers were tossed and destroyed as this high-end EF1 tornado struck a trailer sales business. Rooftops were damaged, and trees were snapped or uprooted as well. The tornado weakened as it entered the south side of Iowa City, where minor roof damage occurred and a school bus sustained broken windows. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |N of Waubun |Norman, Mahnomen |[[Minnesota|MN]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|47.18|-96.07}} |00:22–00:36 |{{Cvt|6.56|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|200|yd|m}} |Large tree branches were snapped. Two separate weather stations recorded gusts of {{Convert|73|mph|km/h}}. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NE of West Branch |Cedar |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.7285|-91.3094}} |00:27–00:28 |{{Cvt|0.04|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|10|yd|m}} |Tree damage occurred at a farmstead. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |N of Waubun |Mahnomen |[[Minnesota|MN]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|47.21|-95.98}} |00:30–00:35 |{{Cvt|3.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|200|yd|m}} |Several trees were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Longview Lake |Jackson |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.8733|-94.4436}} |01:00–01:01 |{{Cvt|0.25|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A brief, weak tornado touched down near Longview Lake. No damage was reported. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Lake Lotawana |Jackson |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.9152|-94.2683}} |01:08–01:09 |{{Cvt|0.68|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |Some trees were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NE of Altamont |Lafayette |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.9178|-94.0487}} |01:19–01:25 |{{Cvt|2.72|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|40|yd|m}} |A carport and outbuilding were damaged, as well as several trees. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |WNW of Coon Valley |Vernon |[[Wisconsin|WI]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|43.7224|-91.0805}} |01:40–01:42 |{{Cvt|0.15|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |Trees were damaged. |- |} === Abubuwan da suka faru a ranar 25 ga Mayu === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |+List of confirmed tornadoes – Saturday, May 25, 2019{{Efn|All dates are based on the local [[time zone]] where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in [[Coordinated Universal Time]] for consistency.}} ! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |EF# ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:7%; text-align:center;" |Location ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |County / parish ! scope="col" style="width:5%; text-align:center;" |State ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Start coord. ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Time (UTC) ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Path length ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Max width ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:48%; text-align:center;" |Summary |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|UNK}}" |EFU |WSW of [[Anton, Texas|Anton]] |Hockley |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33.7796|-102.2978}} |21:59–22:01 |{{Cvt|1.06|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |Storm chasers reported a tornado. Flooded roads prevented the survey team from assessing damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |Northern Plainview |Hale |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.2195|-101.7257}} |22:39–22:44 |{{Cvt|1.69|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |A mobile home and two outbuildings were destroyed, and tin roofs were blown off storage buildings at the north edge of Plainview. A cell phone tower was blown over onto a road and destroyed, and a tractor trailer was tossed and dragged {{Cvt|150|yd|m}}.<ref name="DAT">{{Cite web |title=ArcGIS Web Application |url=https://apps.dat.noaa.gov/stormdamage/damageviewer/}}</ref> |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Carrollton |Carroll |[[Ohio (jiha)|OH]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.58|-81.09}} |22:42–22:43 |{{Cvt|0.54|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A single-wide mobile home was overturned, and several other homes in Carrollton had their shingles ripped off. A metal shed was destroyed and numerous trees were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|UNK}}" |EFU |N of Cotton Center |Hale |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.0022|-102.0567}} |23:08–23:16 |{{Cvt|4.64|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |A center pivot irrigation system was overturned. A cotton trailer and livestock feed bunk were also pulled across a road. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|UNK}}" |EFU |SW of Willow |Greer |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.0449|-99.5163}} |00:04–00:06 |{{Cvt|0.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |A television storm chaser sighted a tornado. No damage was reported. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|UNK}}" |EFU |SW of Retrop |Beckham |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.1293|-99.3976}} |00:14 |{{Cvt|0.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A storm chaser observed a tornado that may have lasted longer than documented but became rain-wrapped. No damage was reported. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|UNK}}" |EFU |SW of Memphis |Hall |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.6986|-100.6289}} |00:40 |{{Cvt|0.01|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |Storm chasers sighted a brief tornado. No damage was reported. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |N of Blairsville |Indiana |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.4494|-79.273}} |00:27–00:29 |{{Cvt|5.13|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|35|yd|m}} |One home sustained roof damage, several bricks were dislodged at a second house, and at least 30 trees were snapped or uprooted. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SW of Penn Run |Indiana |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.6131|-79.0317}} |00:32–00:33 |{{Cvt|0.07|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |Some trees were uprooted by this extremely small, brief tornado. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat3}}" |EF3 |Southern El Reno |Canadian |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.50|-97.955}} |03:28–03:32 |{{Cvt|2.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |2 deaths – ''See section on this tornado'' – 29 people were injured. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Western Oklahoma City |Oklahoma |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.481|-97.599}} |03:46–03:47 |{{Cvt|0.9|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Trees, in addition to house roofs, porches, and carports, were damaged in a neighborhood in western Oklahoma City. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Northwestern Oklahoma City |Oklahoma |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.49|-97.539}} |03:49–03:50 |{{Cvt|0.7|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A restaurant and a house suffered roof damage, while another building had its windows broken. Tree, power lines, street signs, and an outbuilding were damaged as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Northern Oklahoma City |Oklahoma |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.516|-97.492}} |03:53 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |A church sign was destroyed and trees were uprooted, one of which fell onto a parked car. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |W of Norman |Cleveland |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.249|-97.552}} |03:56–03:57 |{{Cvt|0.7|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |Buildings, a number of trees, and a mobile home were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Northeastern Oklahoma City |Oklahoma |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.5364|-97.4595}} |03:57 |{{Cvt|0.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |A convenience store was damaged by this very brief, small tornado. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |WNW of Green Valley |Tazewell |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.4188|-89.7073}} |04:14–04:16 |{{Cvt|1.15|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|200|yd|m}} |The roof of a manufactured home and several trees were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |N of Green Valley |Tazewell |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.4198|-89.6378}} |04:19–04:20 |{{Cvt|0.72|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |A large shed and an irrigation unit were damaged. A tree was uprooted. |- |} === Abubuwan da suka faru a ranar 26 ga Mayu === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |+List of confirmed tornadoes – Sunday, May 26, 2019{{Efn|All dates are based on the local [[time zone]] where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in [[Coordinated Universal Time]] for consistency.|group=note|name=Date/Time}} ! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |EF# ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:7%; text-align:center;" |Location ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |County / parish ! scope="col" style="width:5%; text-align:center;" |State ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Start coord. ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Time (UTC) ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Path length ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Max width ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:48%; text-align:center;" |Summary |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |N of Bristow |Creek |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.9011|-96.4495}} |05:04–05:07 |{{Cvt|2.6|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|200|yd|m}} |Outbuildings, as well as the roofs of several homes, were damaged. Trees were uprooted as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SW of Kellyville |Creek |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.9079|-96.3092}} |05:14–05:24 |{{Cvt|10.7|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|1000|yd|m}} |A large, but weak tornado snapped and uprooted trees and damaged many outbuildings.\ |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Sapulpa |Creek, Tulsa |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.9876|-96.2139}} |05:21–05:38 |{{Cvt|12.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|1400|yd|m}} |A large, but weak tornado snapped or uprooted numerous trees, damaged homes and businesses, and knocked down power poles in town. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SW of Sapulpa to Jenks |Creek, Tulsa |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.9911|-96.1320}} |05:27–05:39 |{{Cvt|12.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|2200|yd|m}} |A very large, but weak and diffuse tornado snapped or uprooted numerous trees, and damaged homes and businesses in Sapulpa. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NE of Broken Arrow |Tulsa, Wagoner |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.0693|-95.778}} |05:51–05:54 |{{Cvt|1.8|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|400|yd|m}} |A tornado damaged the roofs of multiple homes, damaged the baseball field at a high school, and snapped large tree limbs. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |W of Rentiesville |McIntosh |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.5285|-95.5923}} |06:15 |{{Cvt|0.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Large tree limbs were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Champaign |Champaign |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.0948|-88.2679}} |06:23–06:25 |{{Cvt|0.9|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|250|yd|m}} |A brief tornado damaged numerous trees in Champaign. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Urbana |Champaign |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.0866|-88.2083}} |06:27–06:29 |{{Cvt|0.85|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|250|yd|m}} |Numerous trees were damaged, and several buildings were damaged at the University of Illinois. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SW of St. Joseph |Champaign |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.0986|-88.0571}} |06:35–06:37 |{{Cvt|1.01|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|250|yd|m}} |Trees were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |E of Salina |Mayes |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.2973|-95.0889}} |06:44–06:47 |{{Cvt|3.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|300|yd|m}} |Trees were snapped or uprooted. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NW of Savoy |Washington |[[Arkansas (jiha)|AR]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.1348|-94.3808}} |07:30–07:32 |{{Cvt|1.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Large tree limbs were snapped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |S of Riverside |Bingham |[[Idaho|ID]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|43.1711|-112.45}} |19:57–20:12 |{{Cvt|1.8|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Several trees were snapped or uprooted, though some were rotted or had shallow root systems. A resident measured a wind gust of {{Convert|55|mph|km/h}}. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |NE of Wiley |Prowers |[[Colorado|CO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.12|-102.58}} |20:38–20:40 |{{Cvt|0.25|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |An NWS employee sighted a tornado that remained over open fields and caused no visible damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |S of McClave |Bent |[[Colorado|CO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.10|-102.85}} |20:54–20:55 |{{Cvt|0.25|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A tornado was observed by storm chasers. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |W of Mingo |Thomas |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.2754|-101.0088}} |21:36–21:41 |{{Cvt|0.96|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Storm spotters reported a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |NNE of [[Sweetwater Reservoir (Colorado)|Sweetwater Reservoir]] |Kiowa |[[Colorado|CO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.40|-102.75}} |22:10–22:11 |{{Cvt|0.25|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A trained spotter observed a tornado. No damage was reported. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NW of [[Keensburg, Colorado|Keensburg]] |Weld |[[Colorado|CO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.12|-104.53}} |22:38 |{{Cvt|0.01|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |A tornado observed over open fields, causing no damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NW of Roggen |Weld |[[Colorado|CO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.23|-104.45}} |22:53 |{{Cvt|0.01|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |A tornado was observed over open fields before becoming rain-wrapped. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |ENE of [[Pasamonte, New Mexico|Pasamonte]] to WNW of Clayton |Union |[[New Mexico|NM]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.33|-103.59}} |22:55–23:30 |{{Cvt|21.74|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Storm chasers and the Clayton Fire Department reported a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |W of [[Pawnee Buttes, Colorado|Pawnee Buttes]] |Weld |[[Colorado|CO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.81|-104.11}} |23:27–23:32 |{{Cvt|0.01|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |A tornado was observed over open fields. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NE of Watkins |Adams |[[Colorado|CO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.77|-104.56}} |23:37 |{{Cvt|0.01|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |A brief tornado was observed over open fields. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NNW of Clayton |Union |[[New Mexico|NM]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.5012|-103.2136}} |23:50–23:55 |{{Cvt|2.62|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A storm chaser observed a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SSE of Hugo |Lincoln |[[Colorado|CO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.07|-103.43}} |23:58–00:08 |{{Cvt|0.02|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Law enforcement sighted a tornado over open fields. No damage was reported. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |ESE of [[Boaz, New Mexico|Boaz]] |Chaves |[[New Mexico|NM]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33.64|-103.71}} |00:04–00:09 |{{Cvt|2.39|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A storm chaser reported a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SW of Upland |Franklin |[[Nebraska|NE]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.2632|-98.9848}} |00:21–00:23 |{{Cvt|1.9|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|500|yd|m}} |A detached garage was completely destroyed, and one home and some trees sustained minor damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NW of Adrian |Oldham |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.6047|-103.0116}} |00:25–00:26 |{{Cvt|0.34|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A large feeder was tossed over {{Cvt|300|yd|m}}. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SW of Pep |Roosevelt |[[New Mexico|NM]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33.74|-103.43}} |00:25–00:27 |{{Cvt|0.79|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A storm chaser sighted a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |W of Hartley |Hartley |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.8998|-102.5413}} |01:02–01:05 |{{Cvt|2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Multiple storm chasers and an NWS employee reported a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |E of Hartley |Hartley |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.84|-102.243}} |01:14–01:20 |{{Cvt|5.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Multiple storm chasers reported a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |SE of Dora to NE of Rogers |Roosevelt |[[New Mexico|NM]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33.888|-103.3004}} |01:20–01:47 |{{Cvt|9.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|200|yd|m}} |This tornado tracked primarily across rural farmland, damaging two homes. A well-built hay barn was destroyed and more than a dozen power poles were snapped. One power pole was snapped and lofted into the air before being driven into the ground {{Cvt|100|yd|m}} away. Some ground scouring was noted along NM 114. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NNE of Causey |Roosevelt |[[New Mexico|NM]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33.9975|-103.0777}} |01:57–02:02 |{{Cvt|2.07|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Storm chasers and broadcast media relayed a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |W of Progress |Bailey, Parmer |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.269|-102.948}} |02:11–02:25 |{{Cvt|4.96|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A center pivot irrigation system was overturned. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Linn |Washington |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.6831|-97.0846}} |02:22–02:24 |{{Cvt|0.12|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |An outbuilding was destroyed and a school sustained broken windows in town. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |NW of Earth |Lamb |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.2304|-102.5229}} |02:56–03:12 |{{Cvt|8.03|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |An electrical transmission line pole was snapped at the base, two center pivot irrigation systems were tipped over, and large tree branches were broken. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SE of Dimmitt |Castro |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34.3861|-102.311}} |03:26–03:52 |{{Cvt|12.83|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |Two center pivot irrigation systems were flipped. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |E of Cimarron |Gray |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.8213|-100.3394}} |03:49–03:50 |{{Cvt|0.74|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |A pivot irrigation sprinkler was dislodged from its pivot and drug {{Cvt|10|yd|m}}. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |N of Howell |Ford |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.7905|-100.1806}} |03:51–03:53 |{{Cvt|1.86|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |A few outbuildings were heavily damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |E of Howell |Ford |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.7626|-100.1106}} |03:52–03:54 |{{Cvt|1.83|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |A large cottonwood tree was uprooted. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |W of Windhorst |Ford |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.7297|-99.7239}} |04:07–04:09 |{{Cvt|3.09|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A building and trees were damaged at a farm. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |N of Jetmore |Hodgeman |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.1184|-99.9017}} |04:14–04:15 |{{Cvt|1.71|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |A residence sustained minor damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NE of Hanston |Hodgeman |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.1601|-99.6583}} |04:28–04:30 |{{Cvt|1.27|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |A pivot irrigation sprinkler was heavily damaged. |- |} === Abubuwan da suka faru a ranar 27 ga Mayu === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |+List of confirmed tornadoes – Tuesday, May 28, 2019{{Efn|All dates are based on the local [[time zone]] where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in [[Coordinated Universal Time]] for consistency.}} ! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |EF# ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:7%; text-align:center;" |Location ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |County / parish ! scope="col" style="width:5%; text-align:center;" |State ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Start coord. ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Time (UTC) ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Path length ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Max width ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:48%; text-align:center;" |Summary |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |NE of Jamestown |Greene |[[Ohio (jiha)|OH]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.6883|-82.9059}} |04:23–04:32 |{{Cvt|4.18|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|250|yd|m}} |This tornado snapped hardwood trees while destroying one residence's shed. Metal from that shed was blown into the surrounding field. The second story of a house had much of its roof removed and had multiple walls collapsed. Farther east, a roof was ripped off a barn and another shed was destroyed. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SE of Circleville |Pickaway |[[Ohio (jiha)|OH]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.5491|-82.935}} |04:57–05:05 |{{Cvt|3.77|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|150|yd|m}} |One home had its roof blown off, garage destroyed, and connecting wall to the main house damaged. Another house had a portion of its wall removed, leaving a large hole in the corner of the structure. An outdoor structure was demolished, and another home sustained destruction of its garage. Several other houses suffered minor structural damage. Trees were snapped and uprooted as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |S of Tarlton |Pickaway |[[Ohio (jiha)|OH]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.5157|-82.7965}} |05:09–05:11 |{{Cvt|1.64|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |One home suffered extensive damage, with most of its roof ripped off and several pieces of lumber impaled into the yard. Several other houses suffered roof damage. One house under construction had several of its walls removed, and a barn on the property sustained some roof damage. Several large trees were downed. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |NE of Laurelville |Hocking |[[Ohio (jiha)|OH]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.5128|-82.7271}} |05:17–05:28 |{{Cvt|5.31|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|400|yd|m}} |One home had its second story and garage completely destroyed. Several other homes sustained lesser structural damage. Significant and severe tree damage was observed, including a few trees that sustained some debarking. A large propane tank was thrown {{Cvt|20|–|30|ft|m}}, and a {{Cvt|7000|lb|kg}} truck was tossed into a house. A mobile home was severed in half by a fallen tree. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Roseville |Perry, Muskingum |[[Ohio (jiha)|OH]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.8137|-82.1023}} |05:35–05:38 |{{Cvt|1.98|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|750|yd|m}} |Over 90 trees were snapped or uprooted by this high-end EF1 tornado. Several homes in town sustained damage due to fallen trees, and others had shingles and porches ripped off. A tractor trailer was overturned, while a large shed and other outdoor equipment was destroyed. Power poles were snapped as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NW of Zaleski |Vinton |[[Ohio (jiha)|OH]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.3349|-82.4358}} |06:30–06:31 |{{Cvt|0.12|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |A brief, weak tornado caused minor tree damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Penn Run |Indiana |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.6131|-79.0317}} |19:45–19:47 |{{Cvt|0.26|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |A brief tornado snapped several trees. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |ENE of Ulster Township |Bradford |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.8669|-76.4306}} |20:50–20:57 |{{Cvt|3.2|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|200|yd|m}} |Several hardwood trees were snapped and several homes were damaged. A trailer was overturned and dragged as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SE of Jamesburg |Vermilion |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.234|-87.7104}} |21:06–21:07 |{{Cvt|0.16|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|10|yd|m}} |A trained storm spotter sighted a tornado in an open field. No damage was reported. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SE of Kinsley |Ellis |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37.7582|-99.3135}} |21:15–21:18 |{{Cvt|0.14|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |A storm chaser reported a landspout tornado. No damage was reported. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |Morgantown |Lancaster, Berks |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.1589|-75.91}} |21:52–22:00 |{{Cvt|3.08|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|400|yd|m}} |Near the beginning of the path, a turkey barn had its metal roof torn off, killing 40 turkeys. At a nearby farm, outbuildings were severely damaged or destroyed, a tractor trailer was overturned and dragged {{Cvt|40|ft|m}}, and a house had its porch and part of its roof ripped off. The tornado then moved through Morgantown, where a fitness center sustained heavy roof damage, and several other businesses were also damaged in the downtown area. Numerous homes were damaged, a few of which had large sections of roofs or exterior walls ripped off. Several vehicles were flipped of tossed, and numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, some of which landed on structures. A small shed was obliterated as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |S of Osage City |Osage |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.5432|-95.82}} |22:10–22:11 |{{Cvt|0.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |Law enforcement reported a tornado in a field. No damage was observed. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Falls Township |Wyoming |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.4849|-75.8712}} |22:10–22:13 |{{Cvt|1.58|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Dozens of trees were snapped or uprooted, and a utility pole was snapped as well. A resident outside their home during the tornado suffered minor injuries from flying debris. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SW of Waverly Township |Lackawanna |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.4606|-75.7898}} |22:18–22:21 |{{Cvt|0.79|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|125|yd|m}} |A barn was unroofed and a church was damaged. Several homes and sheds were also damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |W of Waldo to S of Tipton |Russell, Osborne, Mitchell |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.1135|-98.8505}} |22:20–23:03 |{{Cvt|24.41|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|880|yd|m}} |A large tornado destroyed a grain bin, outbuildings, and sheds at three farmsteads. Power poles and trees were snapped, and a grain cart was thrown and overturned. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |SE of Overbrook to Lone Star Lake |Osage, Douglas |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.7541|-95.5186}} |22:49–23:06 |{{Cvt|10.69|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|200|yd|m}} |This tornado merged with the following EF4 tornado as it formed near Lone Star Lake. It snapped numerous trees, collapsed a garage, destroyed a fence, and damaged outbuildings. A few homes and street signs sustained minor damage as well. The tornado impacted vehicles as it moved over roadways, injuring 12 people. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NW of Sprague River |Klamath |[[Oregon|OR]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|42.5|-121.64}} |22:55–23:01 |{{Cvt|0.01|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|10|yd|m}} |A member of the public videoed a brief tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat4}}" |EF4 |Lone Star Lake to Linwood to W of Bonner Springs |Douglas, Leavenworth |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.8381|-95.3665}} |23:05–00:00 |{{Cvt|29.07|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|1760|yd|m}} |''See the section on this tornado'' – 18 people were injured. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |N of Yocemento |Ellis |[[Kansas|KS]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|38.9393|-99.4251}} |23:40–23:43 |{{Cvt|1.32|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A trained storm spotter reported a tornado. No known damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Stanhope |Sussex |[[New Jersey|NJ]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.92|-74.70}} |00:30–00:31 |{{Cvt|1.25|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|350|yd|m}} |Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, and several homes and cars were damaged by fallen trees. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |SSE of Kearney |Clay |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.3416|-94.3335}} |00:58–01:20 |{{Cvt|5.85|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|400|yd|m}} |A house had its roof ripped off, and sustained some collapse of exterior walls. A few other homes sustained minor to moderate roof damage. Trees and power poles were snapped, and an outbuilding was destroyed as well. |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |+List of confirmed tornadoes – Wednesday, May 29, 2019{{Efn|All dates are based on the local [[time zone]] where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in [[Coordinated Universal Time]] for consistency.}} ! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |EF# ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:7%; text-align:center;" |Location ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |County / parish ! scope="col" style="width:5%; text-align:center;" |State ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Start coord. ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Time (UTC) ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Path length ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Max width ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:48%; text-align:center;" |Summary |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NE of Miner |Scott |[[Missouri (jiha)|MO]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.9167|-89.5213}} |13:44–13:46 |{{Cvt|0.97|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |One home was substantially damaged, with a large section of its roof ripped off and its siding damaged. Several smaller outbuildings, porches, and other structures had portions of their roofs and walls damaged as well. A couple dozen trees were snapped or uprooted. Outside equipment such as pools, swing sets, and fences were displaced. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |ESE of [[Whitneyville, Pennsylvania|Whitneyville]] |Tioga |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.7701|-77.1852}} |18:07–18:08 |{{Cvt|1.05|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Significant damage to a barn, a trampoline, and trees occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SE of Eagle Mountain |Tarrant |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.8667|-97.4199}} |18:19–18:26 |{{Cvt|3.87|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|200|yd|m}} |A home was damaged in the Villages of Eagle Mountain subdivision. In the Saginaw area, trees were snapped and business signs and power poles were bent. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SW of Krum |Denton |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33.2571|-97.2409}} |18:22–18:31 |{{Cvt|3.72|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|250|yd|m}} |Tree and isolated power line damage occurred in the Krum area. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |SSE of Haslet |Tarrant |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.9115|-97.3065}} |18:31–18:34 |{{Cvt|0.45|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|300|yd|m}} |A brief tornado caused damage to an eight-block area in a subdivision, resulting in loss of roof cover and broken windows at multiple homes. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Lower Milford Township |Lehigh, Bucks |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.4468|-75.4877}} |19:14–19:21 |{{Cvt|2.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Trees were snapped or uprooted by the tornado, and one home sustained roof damage from a fallen tree. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |Dushore |Sullivan |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.5345|-76.3695}} |19:20–19:22 |{{Cvt|0.42|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Significant tree damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |E of Rockwall |Rockwall |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.9247|-96.44}} |19:58–20:03 |{{Cvt|3.06|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|25|yd|m}} |A tornado caused damage to an athletic complex, where minor damage was inflicted to the site facilities. The tornado later passed through the Rockwall Municipal Airport without causing damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SSW of Canton |Van Zandt |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.4897|-95.8883}} |20:07–20:14 |{{Cvt|2.96|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |A home sustained shingle damage, and tree branches were broken. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |ESE of Newport |Perry |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.4411|-77.1084}} |20:14–20:19 |{{Cvt|4.93|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|300|yd|m}} |Hundreds of trees were snapped or downed, including one that fell on a pickup truck. Tree limbs were downed onto house roofs as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |NE of Canton |Van Zandt |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.589|-95.83}} |20:17–20:18 |{{Cvt|0.24|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |Debris was lofted by a tornado at an intersection traversed by a 2017<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwHxM">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>tornado, making its path difficult to assess. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NE of Wells Tannery |Fulton |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.0928|-78.1437}} |20:24–20:25 |{{Cvt|0.72|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A roof was torn off of a barn and a house sustained roof damage. Dozens of trees were blown down as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Matamoras |Dauphin |[[Pennsylvania|PA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|40.44|-76.9349}} |20:24–20:28 |{{Cvt|2.45|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|350|yd|m}} |Many trees were snapped or uprooted in the Matamoras community. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SW of Yantis |Wood |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.8777|-95.6344}} |20:36–20:45 |{{Cvt|3.36|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |The tin sheeting on a trailer was peeled off by the tornado. Trees were also uprooted and limbs were downed. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |SSW of Schaller |Sac |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|42.4062|-95.3184}} |21:00–21:06 |{{Cvt|1.23|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |A tornado remained over open farmland. No damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |S of Early |Sac |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|42.4332|-95.1593}} |21:11–21:14 |{{Cvt|0.65|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A tornado was photographed multiple times. No damage was reported. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SW of Millerton |McCurtain |[[Oklahoma|OK]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33.9471|-95.0533}} |21:21–21:22 |{{Cvt|1.06|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |Storm spotters reported a brief tornado over open pasture. No damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |NW of Mabank |Kaufman |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.3683|-96.2125}} |21:24–21:30 |{{Cvt|4.01|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|215|yd|m}} |Along the Cedar Creek Reservoir, numerous trees were snapped or uprooted. A home had much of its roof torn off, and several other houses sustained lesser roof damage. One person was injured. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NNW of Stonington |Christian |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.6928|-89.2137}} |21:28–21:30 |{{Cvt|0.23|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A landspout tornado caused no damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |N of Edinburg |Christian |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.7369|-89.3935}} |21:30–21:32 |{{Cvt|0.23|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A landspout tornado caused no damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NE of Stonington |Christian |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.6887|-89.1509}} |21:35–21:38 |{{Cvt|0.29|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A landspout tornado caused no damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |N of Pocahontas |Pocahontas |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|42.7609|-94.6667}} |21:49–21:56 |{{Cvt|0.22|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|40|yd|m}} |A storm chaser reported a tornado over open cropland. No damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |E of Blue Mound |Macon |[[Illinois|IL]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.7001|-89.0824}} |21:50–21:56 |{{Cvt|0.46|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A landspout tornado caused no damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |WSW of Canton |Van Zandt |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.4831|-96.0012}} |21:51–22:00 |{{Cvt|7.24|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|700|yd|m}} |A large tornado damaged several homes, causing significant roof loss. A manufactured home was destroyed and displaced far from its foundation. Trees were snapped or uprooted as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat2}}" |EF2 |E of Winnsboro |Wood, Franklin |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.9229|-95.2473}} |21:50–22:12 |{{Cvt|9.07|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|850|yd|m}} |A strong tornado snapped and uprooted trees, lifted the roof off a manufactured home, and damaged or destroyed outbuildings. A large poultry barn was completely destroyed as well. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |Canton |Van Zandt |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.5447|-95.8844}} |22:08–22:15 |{{Cvt|2.33|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|140|yd|m}} |Widespread tree damage occurred in Canton, including one tree that fell onto a vehicle. In the downtown area, several businesses suffered roof and structural damage. A gas station was damaged, and sheet metal was thrown into power lines. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NNE of Ravenden |Randolph |[[Arkansas (jiha)|AR]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.2724|-91.2288}} |22:16–22:20 |{{Cvt|0.62|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |A brief tornado damaged a mobile home and an outbuilding, as well as adjacent trees. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NE of Canton |Van Zandt |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|32.5804|-95.8161}} |22:18–22:23 |{{Cvt|3.81|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|250|yd|m}}} |Damage from this tornado was primarily limited to vegetation. Minor property damage occurred near the end of the path. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NW of Leonard |Fannin |[[Texas|TX]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33.4171|-96.2788}} |22:31–22:47 |{{Cvt|10.84|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|300|yd|m}} |A tornado was embedded within a {{Cvt|25|mi|km}} swath of straight-line wind damage with winds up to {{Cvt|100|mph|km/h}}. The tornado itself produced winds estimated at {{Cvt|80|mph|km/h}}, causing minor structural damage to homes and outbuildings, in addition to snapping and uprooting several trees. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |SE of Bradgate |Humboldt |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|42.7903|-94.3984}} |23:21–23:24 |{{Cvt|0.54|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |A tornado was videoed in open rural areas. No damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SE of Victor |Iowa |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.7147|-92.2711}} |23:23–23:24 |{{Cvt|0.07|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A tornado confirmed via video remained in open fields and caused no damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |NNE of Barnes City |Poweshiek |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.5295|-92.4557}} |00:01–00:14 |{{Cvt|3.52|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |An old barn was destroyed and trees were damaged at one farmstead. A large hoop building was damaged at a second farmstead. One person was injured. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |NE of Deep River |Poweshiek |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.5904|-92.3593}} |00:28–00:32 |{{Cvt|0.9|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |Law enforcement reported a tornado in farmland. No damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |ESE of Garden City |Hardin |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|42.2283|-93.3402}} |00:37–00:41 |{{Cvt|1.11|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |Minor tree damage occurred at one farmstead. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |SE of Guernsey |Poweshiek |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.623|-92.3183}} |00:39–00:43 |{{Cvt|0.95|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |Storm chasers videoed a tornado in open farmland. No damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |E of Guernsey |Iowa |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.6435|-92.2633}} |00:46–00:58 |{{Cvt|3.34|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |A tornado caused minor tree damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |NW of Kalona |Johnson |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|41.5137|-91.7923}} |01:13–01:14 |{{Cvt|0.3|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |This tornado caused minor tree damage. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |E of New Providence |Hardin |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|42.2815|-93.1329}} |01:15–01:19 |{{Cvt|1.23|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |Minor tree damage occurred. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |SW of Eldora |Hardin |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|42.3351|-93.1413}} |01:29–01:31 |{{Cvt|0.57|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|40|yd|m}} |The roof was ripped off a barn. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |WNW of Owasa |Hardin |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|42.4493|-93.252}} |01:31–01:36 |{{Cvt|1.33|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|50|yd|m}} |A barn and some trees were damaged. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|unk}}" |EFU |E of Steamboat Rock |Hardin |[[Iowa|IA]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|42.4108|-93.0399}} |01:54–01:56 |{{Cvt|0.66|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|20|yd|m}} |Trained storm spotters videoed a tornado. No damage occurred. |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |+Jerin guguwa da aka tabbatar - Alhamis, Mayu 30, 2019{{Efn|All dates are based on the local [[time zone]] where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in [[Coordinated Universal Time]] for consistency.}} ! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |EF# ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:7%; text-align:center;" |Wurin da yake ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Gundumar / Ikklisiya ! scope="col" style="width:5%; text-align:center;" |Jiha ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Farawa da haɗin kai. ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Lokaci (UTC) ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Tsawon hanyar ! scope="col" style="width:6%; text-align:center;" |Max faɗin ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:48%; text-align:center;" |Takaitaccen Bayani |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |ENE na Ballenger CreekKogin Ballenger |Frederick |[[Maryland|MD]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.383|-77.382}} |18:48–18:59 |{{Cvt|6.5|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|75|yd|m}} |An karkatar da itatuwa kuma an tumɓuke su a kan hanyar guguwar. Babu lalacewar tsari da ta faru. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|cat1}}" |EF1 |WSW na Glenelg |Howard |[[Maryland|MD]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39.258|-77.027}} |19:20–19:27 |{{Cvt|4.49|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|100|yd|m}} |An fashe sassan rufin daga gidaje, an sare bishiyoyi ko an tumɓuke su, kuma an rushe layin wutar lantarki. An jefa abubuwa na waje da suka lalace da daruruwan ƙafa. An cire rufin rufinsa na babbar hanya, ya ci gaba da lalacewa ga rufinsa, yana da babban ɓangaren masana'anta da aka fashe daga rufin gishiri, kuma ya lalata kofofin garage bay. An lalata shinge na waje, kuma an cire wani sashi na rufin shagon kafin guguwar ta tashi. |- | bgcolor="{{storm colour|storm}}" |EF0 |ESE na Crownpoint |McKinley |[[New Mexico|NM]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35.6|-107.9}} |19:42–19:45 |{{Cvt|0.42|mi|km}} |{{Cvt|30|yd|m}} |Jama'a sun lura da guguwa mai fashewa. Babu lalacewa da ta faru. |- |} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> ban8180oyxjlajbwd7if6n52da2yr5s 0 114884 826788 812563 2026-04-26T20:18:50Z ~2026-25510-97 44342 Gyara 826788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[shawarma]] Palace karamin sarkar gidajen cin abinci ne na shawarma na Lebanon da ke [[Ottawa|Ottawa, Ontario]] . == Tarihi == Gidan cin abinci ya buɗe wurinsa na asali a cikin 1996. Da sauri ya zama sananne a matsayin daya daga cikin shahararrun gidajen cin abinci na shawarma a Ottawa, [[birni]] inda abincin ya zama abin da ba zato ba tsammani. Ottawa gida ce ga ɗayan mafi yawan shagunan shawarma a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]], tare da wurare da yawa fiye da manyan sarkar burger masu sauri.<ref name="OBJ222" /> Ci gaban shawarma na birnin ya samo asali ne daga shekarun 1980, lokacin da baƙi na Lebanon suka shahara da yanayin shawarma na dare a tsakanin taron mashaya na birnin, suna tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin abincin titi na Ottawa.<ref name="OBJ222" /> Babban wurin Shawarma Palace a kan titin Rideau yana aiki har zuwa karfe 2 na safe a karshen mako kuma yana cikin nisan tafiya daga [[ByWard Market|Kasuwar ByWard]], unguwar da aka sani da rayuwar dare da kuma mashaya. Kasuwancin ya fadada zuwa wurare da yawa a cikin shekarun aiki. A cikin 2017, akwai wurare 3 a Ottawa. Ya zuwa Maris 2025, akwai wurare 9 a cikin birni da kewayenta.<ref name="Website">{{Cite web |title=Shawarma Palace |url=https://shawarmapalace.ca/ |access-date=21 March 2025 |website=Shawarma Palace}}</ref> Har ila yau, mai tallafawa ne kuma mai ba da izini tare da Ottawa RedBlacks da Ottawa Senators, suna ba da abinci a wasanni ga ƙungiyoyin biyu. A watan Fabrairun 2024, Shawarma Palace ta shigar da kara a Kotun Tarayya ta Kanada a kan Le Palais du Shawarma na Gatineau, yana zargin keta alamar kasuwanci. Shari'ar ta yi iƙirarin cewa amfani da irin wannan sunan wanda ake tuhuma ya haifar da rikice-rikice kuma ya rage darajar alamar Shawarma Palace. Ya zuwa Maris 2025, Shawarma Palace ba ta aiki da wani wuri a Gatineau. A mayar da martani, Le Palais du Shawarma ya bayyana cewa zai canza sunansa.<ref name="CTV03" /> == Sanarwa == The Ottawa Citizen ya nuna cewa Shawarma Palace "yana cikin wadanda aka fi so a Ottawa". Mai sukar gidan cin abinci na jaridar, Peter Hum, ya yaba da faranti na shawarma na gidan cin abinci saboda yawansa da ingancinsa, yana bayyana shi a matsayin "abinci mai ban tsoro" tare da sassan da ke da nauyin fam biyu da rabi. Ya lura cewa yayin da nama ya bambanta da danshi, ya zama "tsarin isar da tafarnuwa". A rubuce-rubuce ga The Boston Globe, ɗan jarida Fluto Shinzawa ya yaba da Shawarma Palace a matsayin "ma'anar cin abinci guda ɗaya," yana nuna ɓangarorin karimci da ƙimar musamman. Ya yaba da shawarma na kaza saboda bayyanarsa mai laushi da ciki mai laushi, yana bayyana shi a matsayin "tashi" kuma yana lura da cewa har ma da sandwiches na falafel mai sanyi bayan sa'o'i ya kasance abinci mai gamsarwa. ''Mai cin abinci'' ya lissafa Shawarma Palace a cikin "24 Best Restaurants in Ottawa," yana ba da shawarar "idan kun ci abu ɗaya a Ottawa, ku sanya shi faranti na shawarma daga wannan sanannen wuri na Lebanon a kan Rideau. " A cikin 2025, Shawarma Palace ya kasance na farko a gasar gwajin makafi a bikin Shawarma na farko na shekara-shekara na Ottawa.   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} syipw6diq8e780xahbgnoh0kar68fds 0 115563 826965 710252 2026-04-27T10:14:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826965 wikitext text/x-wiki <references />{{Databox}} * Gidan Aura yana aiki tare da Children International tun watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2003. 100% na gudummawa suna zuwa ga ayyukan su kuma suna da 100% US Tax Deductible. Duk mutanen da ke aiki a gidan Aura masu sa kai ne waɗanda ba sa karɓar biyan kuɗi don ƙoƙarin su.<ref name="autogenerated12">{{Cite web |title=About Us _ Aura's House |url=http://aurashouse.com/about/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808170953/http://aurashouse.com/about/ |archive-date=2011-08-08 |access-date=2011-08-07 |website=aurashouse.com}}</ref> ** Gidan Aura an kirkireshi ne don tara $ 4,500 don gina gida mai aminci, mai ƙarfi ga yaron da ya kafa, Aura Hernandez da iyalinta a [[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Aura_ Aura's House. A site that raises money to build a new brick home for the Hernandez family in Guatemala City, Guatemala. |url=http://aurashouse.com/meet.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322202738/http://aurashouse.com/meet.html |archive-date=2012-03-22 |access-date=2011-08-07 |website=aurashouse.com}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka cimma wannan burin a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2004, gidan Aura ya fara kaddamar da wasu kananan ayyukan a kokarin taimakawa wajen kawo manyan canje-canje ga rayuwar iyalai a kasashe masu tasowa. ** Gidan Aura yana aiki tare da Children International tun watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2003. 100% na gudummawa suna zuwa ga ayyukan su kuma suna da 100% US Tax Deductible. Duk mutanen da ke aiki a gidan Aura masu sa kai ne waɗanda ba sa karɓar biyan kuɗi don ƙoƙarin su.<ref name="autogenerated13">{{Cite web |title=About Us _ Aura's House |url=http://aurashouse.com/about/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808170953/http://aurashouse.com/about/ |archive-date=2011-08-08 |access-date=2011-08-07 |website=aurashouse.com}}</ref> == Tarihi == ** Gidan Aura ya fara ne a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2003 lokacin da Kristen Palana, Farfesa na Digital Media a [[William Paterson University|Jami'ar William Paterson]] da ke [[New Jersey]] ke koyon shirye-shiryen [[PHP]] da ƙara abun ciki mai ƙarfi ga shafukan yanar gizo. Kristen ta so ta yi amfani da shafin don tara $ 4500 don gina gidan tubali mai ƙarfi ga ɗanta mai tallafawa, Aura a Guatemala tare da taimakon Children International . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Untitled |url=http://www.nj.com/living/ledger/stories/20041130_children.html/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324142246/http://www.nj.com/living/ledger/stories/20041130_children.html |archive-date=2016-03-24 |access-date=2011-08-28}}</ref> Bayan jira sama da shekara guda don duk izinin da ake buƙata daga Children International, a ƙarshe a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2004 shafin ya kasance a shirye don ƙaddamarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stories, Videos, News & Information {{!}} Children International {{!}} Global Poverty & Third World {{!}} Child Sponsorship in Africa, India, South America, & USA |url=http://www.children.org/e_article.asp?id=22&sid=0A6A02B4-2729-4DED-8450-DA0896E49051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928151838/http://www.children.org/e_article.asp?id=22&sid=0A6A02B4-2729-4DED-8450-DA0896E49051 |archive-date=2011-09-28 |access-date=2011-08-28 |website=www.children.org}}</ref> ** Gidan Aura ya tara kuɗi ga yara da iyalansu a cikin ƙasashe masu zuwa: Guatemala, [[Honduras]], Mexico, [[Ecuador]], [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominica]], [[Kolombiya|Colombia]], [[Ghana]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]], [[Kenya]], Indiya, [[Filipin|Philippines]], da Amurka. == Nau'o'in ayyukan == * Gidaje: Gidan Aura ya fara ne da aikin gidaje kuma ya ci gaba da tara kuɗi ga waɗanda ke buƙatar mafaka ko gyare-gyare ga gidajensu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aura's House. The Bacilio House Project |url=http://aurashouse.com/bacilio_house.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322202820/http://aurashouse.com/bacilio_house.html |archive-date=2012-03-22 |access-date=2011-08-07 |website=aurashouse.com}}</ref> * Abinci, Sayarwa da Gyara: Gidan Aura ya tara kudade don taimakawa samar da iyalai da abubuwa daban-daban na bukatun gida kamar gadaje, matattara, bargo, kayan ɗaki, tufafi, da kayan abinci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Complete: Roof Project for Lesly -Guatemala: $554 Raised. -Thank You! {{!}} Aura's House |url=http://aurashouse.com/2009/04/roof-project-for-lesly-guatemala/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914194623/http://aurashouse.com/2009/04/roof-project-for-lesly-guatemala/ |archive-date=2011-09-14 |access-date=2011-08-07 |website=aurashouse.com}}</ref> * Ilimi: Gidan Aura ya tara kuɗi a madadin makarantu da yawa kuma ya dauki nauyin yara don su iya halartar makaranta ko ci gaba da karatunsu. Bugu da kari, sun taimaka wajen tara kudade don kayan makaranta kamar littattafai, tebur, kayan aiki, da kayan dakin gwaje-gwaje don darussan kimiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aura's House. The Cape Coast School for the Deaf Project in Ghana. Help us raise funds for a chicken coop, a piggery, and a vegetable garden for needy students in Ghana. |url=http://aurashouse.com/ghanaproj.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322202842/http://aurashouse.com/ghanaproj.html |archive-date=2012-03-22 |access-date=2011-08-07 |website=aurashouse.com}}</ref> * Lafiya: Wasu misalai na waɗannan nau'ikan ayyukan sun haɗa da gina rijiyar ruwa don ƙauye a Indiya da kuma ayyukan da ke tara kuɗi don magani da kayan abinci ga iyalai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aura's House. The Indian Water Well Project for Khordanahala Village, India. |url=http://aurashouse.com/indiawell.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322202859/http://aurashouse.com/indiawell.html |archive-date=2012-03-22 |access-date=2011-08-07 |website=aurashouse.com}}</ref> * Ayyukan samar da kudaden shiga: Wadannan ayyukan suna ba wa iyalai hanyoyin samar da kudade da kansu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Complete: Hog Income Generating Project for Joey -Philippines: $789 Raised. Thank you! {{!}} Aura's House |url=http://aurashouse.com/2009/06/hog-income-generating-project-for-joey-philippines/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915030336/http://aurashouse.com/2009/06/hog-income-generating-project-for-joey-philippines/ |archive-date=2011-09-15 |access-date=2011-08-07 |website=aurashouse.com}}</ref> == Abokan hulɗa == Gidan Aura yana da alaƙa da Children International, ƙungiyar da ke Kansas City, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] mai zaman kanta ta 501 (c) (3) da aka sadaukar don inganta rayuwar yara matalauta wanda ke haɗa masu tallafawa da yara da ke rayuwa cikin talauci. Gidan Aura ya fara aiki tare da Children International a shekara ta 2003. Jami'ai daga Children International suna kula da aiwatar da dukkan ayyukan da zarar an tara kuɗin, da kuma zaɓar masu karɓa don wasu ayyukan. A yau suna ci gaba da aiki tare da gidan Aura don tara kudade waɗanda aka rarraba ta hanyar Children International zuwa ayyukan da aka ƙayyade. Har ila yau, yara na kasa da kasa suna ba da gidan Aura tare da hotuna da sabuntawa ga ayyukan gidan Aura na baya da na yanzu. Baya ga Children International, Aura's House ya kuma yi aiki tare da Kenya Kids in Need, ƙungiyar [[California]] 501 (c) (3) da aka keɓe ga Makarantar Galili da kuma Child Focus Fund, ƙungiyar [[Illinois]] 501 (c) (3) wacce ta taimaka tare da Ghana Project.<ref name="autogenerated14">{{Cite web |title=About Us _ Aura's House |url=http://aurashouse.com/about/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808170953/http://aurashouse.com/about/ |archive-date=2011-08-08 |access-date=2011-08-07 |website=aurashouse.com}}</ref> == Tattara kudade == Gidan Aura ya dogara da hanyoyin da ba a saba amfani da su ba don tara kuɗi. Kungiyar ce da masu sa kai ke gudanarwa ne kawai kuma saboda wannan, 100% na gudummawa suna zuwa kai tsaye ga ayyukansu. Dukkanin gudummawa suna da 100% US Tax Deductible kuma suna zuwa kai tsaye ga Children International.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us {{!}} Aura's House |url=http://aurashouse.com/about/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808170953/http://aurashouse.com/about/ |archive-date=2011-08-08 |access-date=2011-08-07 |website=aurashouse.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.aurashouse.com Gidan Aura]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.children.org Yara na Duniya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110923023438/http://www.plantabook.org/ Kenya Kids in Need / Plant-a-Book International] * [http://orgs.tigweb.org/child-focus-fund Asusun Kula da Yara] ge3dk6p8fnupoc94l5cg5127qe8szyy 0 116350 826916 714045 2026-04-27T08:24:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 826916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Adolphe Roma''' (Yuli 12, 1889, Stavelot - 9 Afrilu 1971, Korbeek-Lo) masanin ilimin gargajiya ne na Belgium kuma masanin tarihin kimiyya wanda ya damu da tarihin tsohuwar ilimin taurari. == Ilimi da aiki == Adolphe Rome ya yi karatu a Atheneum a Mechelen, inda mahaifinsa Eugène Rome ya kasance malamin harsuna na dā. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Atheneum, ya shiga makarantar sakandare ta Katolika a Mechelen kuma a 1912 an naɗa shi firist. Daga nan sai ya yi karatun ilimin gargajiya a [[Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968)|Jami'ar Louvain]] kuma ya sami digirin digirinsa a can, bayan da WWI ta katse karatunsa, a shekarar 1919. Daga nan ya yi aiki a [[Nivelles|Matsayi]] malami a [[Schaerbeek]] da Nivelles kuma a 1922 ya sami tallafin karatu a Institut historique belge de Rome a Roma. Daga 1924 zuwa 1927 a Paris ya yi nazarin rubutun gargajiya da na zamani. Daga 1927 ya koyar da ilimin Helenanci a Jami'ar Louvain, inda aka nada shi farfesa a 1929 kuma ya koyar har zuwa 1958. A shekara ta 1935 ya zama mai daraja na babban coci na Mechelen . A lokacin karatunsa na digiri, Adolphe Rome, wanda ke da sha'awar lissafi tun lokacin da yake makaranta, ya zauna a fagen bincikensa na rayuwa, tarihin kimiyya na dā. Ya sami digirin digirinsa tare da rubutun Les fonctions trigonométriques a Héron d'Alexandrie . Farawa a cikin 1920s ya fara rubuta wani muhimmin bugu (wanda aka buga daga 1931 zuwa 1943) na sharhin kan Almagest na Ptolemy da ayyukan Theon na Alexandria, daga baya ya ci gaba da ɗalibinsa kuma magajinsa Joseph Mogenet (1913-1980) da ɗalibin sa Anne Tihon (an haife shi 1944). Wani daga cikin abokan Roma shine Albert Lejeune (1916-1988). Baya ga bincikensa kan tarihin kimiyya na dā, Roma ta buga rubutun kan batutuwa da yawa na ilimin gargajiya, kamar ayyukan Pindar, Aeschylus, [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] da Theocritus. ⁹A cikin 1932 ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa mujallar L'Antiquité classique . A cikin shekarun 1950, ya zama babban editan mujallar kimiyya-tarihi ''Isis'' . An zabi Adolphe Rome a matsayin memba mai dacewa a 1948 kuma a 1950 memba na yau da kullun na Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium . A cikin 1950 a Cambridge, Massachusetts, ya ba da lacca a taron International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) kan lissafin hasken rana bisa ga Theon na Alexandria. == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == Dubi jerin wallafe-wallafen a cikin Bibliographie Académique 6, 1914-1934, shafuffuka 132-134; 7, 1934-1954, shafufun 233-234; 8, 1954-1955, shafuffukan 99; 10, 1957-1963, shafuffuki 369-370.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1971]] c417szjy5h0k86xhyxkppk0j08d8k50 826917 826916 2026-04-27T08:25:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 826917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Adolphe Roma''' (Yuli 12, 1889, Stavelot - 9 Afrilu 1971, Korbeek-Lo) masanin ilimin gargajiya ne na Belgium kuma masanin tarihin kimiyya wanda ya damu da tarihin tsohuwar ilimin taurari. == Ilimi da aiki == Adolphe Rome ya yi karatu a Atheneum a Mechelen, inda mahaifinsa Eugène Rome ya kasance malamin harsuna na dā. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Atheneum, ya shiga makarantar sakandare ta Katolika a Mechelen kuma a 1912 an naɗa shi firist. Daga nan sai ya yi karatun ilimin gargajiya a Jami'ar Louvain kuma ya sami digirin digirinsa a can, bayan da WWI ta katse karatunsa, a shekarar 1919. Daga nan ya yi aiki a [[Nivelles|Matsayi]] malami a [[Schaerbeek]] da Nivelles kuma a 1922 ya sami tallafin karatu a Institut historique belge de Rome a Roma. Daga 1924 zuwa 1927 a Paris ya yi nazarin rubutun gargajiya da na zamani. Daga 1927 ya koyar da ilimin Helenanci a Jami'ar Louvain, inda aka nada shi farfesa a 1929 kuma ya koyar har zuwa 1958. A shekara ta 1935 ya zama mai daraja na babban coci na Mechelen . A lokacin karatunsa na digiri, Adolphe Rome, wanda ke da sha'awar lissafi tun lokacin da yake makaranta, ya zauna a fagen bincikensa na rayuwa, tarihin kimiyya na dā. Ya sami digirin digirinsa tare da rubutun Les fonctions trigonométriques a Héron d'Alexandrie . Farawa a cikin 1920s ya fara rubuta wani muhimmin bugu (wanda aka buga daga 1931 zuwa 1943) na sharhin kan Almagest na Ptolemy da ayyukan Theon na Alexandria, daga baya ya ci gaba da ɗalibinsa kuma magajinsa Joseph Mogenet (1913-1980) da ɗalibin sa Anne Tihon (an haife shi 1944). Wani daga cikin abokan Roma shine Albert Lejeune (1916-1988). Baya ga bincikensa kan tarihin kimiyya na dā, Roma ta buga rubutun kan batutuwa da yawa na ilimin gargajiya, kamar ayyukan Pindar, Aeschylus, [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] da Theocritus. ⁹A cikin 1932 ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa mujallar L'Antiquité classique . A cikin shekarun 1950, ya zama babban editan mujallar kimiyya-tarihi ''Isis'' . An zabi Adolphe Rome a matsayin memba mai dacewa a 1948 kuma a 1950 memba na yau da kullun na Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium . A cikin 1950 a Cambridge, Massachusetts, ya ba da lacca a taron International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) kan lissafin hasken rana bisa ga Theon na Alexandria. == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == Dubi jerin wallafe-wallafen a cikin Bibliographie Académique 6, 1914-1934, shafuffuka 132-134; 7, 1934-1954, shafufun 233-234; 8, 1954-1955, shafuffukan 99; 10, 1957-1963, shafuffuki 369-370.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1971]] g7jxy40bbup13q63j55srw941yn72yz 826918 826917 2026-04-27T08:25:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 826918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Adolphe Roma''' (Yuli 12, 1889, Stavelot - 9 Afrilu 1971, Korbeek-Lo) masanin ilimin gargajiya ne na Belgium kuma masanin tarihin kimiyya wanda ya damu da tarihin tsohuwar ilimin taurari. == Ilimi da aiki == Adolphe Rome ya yi karatu a Atheneum a Mechelen, inda mahaifinsa Eugène Rome ya kasance malamin harsuna na dā. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Atheneum, ya shiga makarantar sakandare ta Katolika a Mechelen kuma a 1912 an naɗa shi firist. Daga nan sai ya yi karatun ilimin gargajiya a Jami'ar Louvain kuma ya sami digirin digirinsa a can, bayan da WWI ta katse karatunsa, a shekarar 1919. Daga nan ya yi aiki a Matsayi malami a [[Schaerbeek]] da Nivelles kuma a 1922 ya sami tallafin karatu a Institut historique belge de Rome a Roma. Daga 1924 zuwa 1927 a Paris ya yi nazarin rubutun gargajiya da na zamani. Daga 1927 ya koyar da ilimin Helenanci a Jami'ar Louvain, inda aka nada shi farfesa a 1929 kuma ya koyar har zuwa 1958. A shekara ta 1935 ya zama mai daraja na babban coci na Mechelen . A lokacin karatunsa na digiri, Adolphe Rome, wanda ke da sha'awar lissafi tun lokacin da yake makaranta, ya zauna a fagen bincikensa na rayuwa, tarihin kimiyya na dā. Ya sami digirin digirinsa tare da rubutun Les fonctions trigonométriques a Héron d'Alexandrie . Farawa a cikin 1920s ya fara rubuta wani muhimmin bugu (wanda aka buga daga 1931 zuwa 1943) na sharhin kan Almagest na Ptolemy da ayyukan Theon na Alexandria, daga baya ya ci gaba da ɗalibinsa kuma magajinsa Joseph Mogenet (1913-1980) da ɗalibin sa Anne Tihon (an haife shi 1944). Wani daga cikin abokan Roma shine Albert Lejeune (1916-1988). Baya ga bincikensa kan tarihin kimiyya na dā, Roma ta buga rubutun kan batutuwa da yawa na ilimin gargajiya, kamar ayyukan Pindar, Aeschylus, [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] da Theocritus. ⁹A cikin 1932 ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa mujallar L'Antiquité classique . A cikin shekarun 1950, ya zama babban editan mujallar kimiyya-tarihi ''Isis'' . An zabi Adolphe Rome a matsayin memba mai dacewa a 1948 kuma a 1950 memba na yau da kullun na Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium . A cikin 1950 a Cambridge, Massachusetts, ya ba da lacca a taron International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) kan lissafin hasken rana bisa ga Theon na Alexandria. == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == Dubi jerin wallafe-wallafen a cikin Bibliographie Académique 6, 1914-1934, shafuffuka 132-134; 7, 1934-1954, shafufun 233-234; 8, 1954-1955, shafuffukan 99; 10, 1957-1963, shafuffuki 369-370.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1971]] lrr2mbo2c0woznnr6a9500bs9wd8zxr 826919 826918 2026-04-27T08:25:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 826919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Adolphe Roma''' (Yuli 12, 1889, Stavelot - 9 Afrilu 1971, Korbeek-Lo) masanin ilimin gargajiya ne na Belgium kuma masanin tarihin kimiyya wanda ya damu da tarihin tsohuwar ilimin taurari. == Ilimi da aiki == Adolphe Rome ya yi karatu a Atheneum a Mechelen, inda mahaifinsa Eugène Rome ya kasance malamin harsuna na dā. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Atheneum, ya shiga makarantar sakandare ta Katolika a Mechelen kuma a 1912 an naɗa shi firist. Daga nan sai ya yi karatun ilimin gargajiya a Jami'ar Louvain kuma ya sami digirin digirinsa a can, bayan da WWI ta katse karatunsa, a shekarar 1919. Daga nan ya yi aiki a Matsayi malami a Schaerbeek da Nivelles kuma a 1922 ya sami tallafin karatu a Institut historique belge de Rome a Roma. Daga 1924 zuwa 1927 a Paris ya yi nazarin rubutun gargajiya da na zamani. Daga 1927 ya koyar da ilimin Helenanci a Jami'ar Louvain, inda aka nada shi farfesa a 1929 kuma ya koyar har zuwa 1958. A shekara ta 1935 ya zama mai daraja na babban coci na Mechelen . A lokacin karatunsa na digiri, Adolphe Rome, wanda ke da sha'awar lissafi tun lokacin da yake makaranta, ya zauna a fagen bincikensa na rayuwa, tarihin kimiyya na dā. Ya sami digirin digirinsa tare da rubutun Les fonctions trigonométriques a Héron d'Alexandrie . Farawa a cikin 1920s ya fara rubuta wani muhimmin bugu (wanda aka buga daga 1931 zuwa 1943) na sharhin kan Almagest na Ptolemy da ayyukan Theon na Alexandria, daga baya ya ci gaba da ɗalibinsa kuma magajinsa Joseph Mogenet (1913-1980) da ɗalibin sa Anne Tihon (an haife shi 1944). Wani daga cikin abokan Roma shine Albert Lejeune (1916-1988). Baya ga bincikensa kan tarihin kimiyya na dā, Roma ta buga rubutun kan batutuwa da yawa na ilimin gargajiya, kamar ayyukan Pindar, Aeschylus, [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] da Theocritus. ⁹A cikin 1932 ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa mujallar L'Antiquité classique . A cikin shekarun 1950, ya zama babban editan mujallar kimiyya-tarihi ''Isis'' . An zabi Adolphe Rome a matsayin memba mai dacewa a 1948 kuma a 1950 memba na yau da kullun na Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium . A cikin 1950 a Cambridge, Massachusetts, ya ba da lacca a taron International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) kan lissafin hasken rana bisa ga Theon na Alexandria. == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == Dubi jerin wallafe-wallafen a cikin Bibliographie Académique 6, 1914-1934, shafuffuka 132-134; 7, 1934-1954, shafufun 233-234; 8, 1954-1955, shafuffukan 99; 10, 1957-1963, shafuffuki 369-370.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1971]] nopwfnzpex62qhr43lc5qb7um62rxt5 826920 826919 2026-04-27T08:25:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 826920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Adolphe Roma''' (Yuli 12, 1889, Stavelot - 9 Afrilu 1971, Korbeek-Lo) masanin ilimin gargajiya ne na Belgium kuma masanin tarihin kimiyya wanda ya damu da tarihin tsohuwar ilimin taurari. == Ilimi da aiki == Adolphe Rome ya yi karatu a Atheneum a Mechelen, inda mahaifinsa Eugène Rome ya kasance malamin harsuna na dā. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Atheneum, ya shiga makarantar sakandare ta Katolika a Mechelen kuma a 1912 an naɗa shi firist. Daga nan sai ya yi karatun ilimin gargajiya a Jami'ar Louvain kuma ya sami digirin digirinsa a can, bayan da WWI ta katse karatunsa, a shekarar 1919. Daga nan ya yi aiki a Matsayi malami a Schaerbeek da Nivelles kuma a 1922 ya sami tallafin karatu a Institut historique belge de Rome a Roma. Daga 1924 zuwa 1927 a Paris ya yi nazarin rubutun gargajiya da na zamani. Daga 1927 ya koyar da ilimin Helenanci a Jami'ar Louvain, inda aka nada shi farfesa a 1929 kuma ya koyar har zuwa 1958. A shekara ta 1935 ya zama mai daraja na babban coci na Mechelen . A lokacin karatunsa na digiri, Adolphe Rome, wanda ke da sha'awar lissafi tun lokacin da yake makaranta, ya zauna a fagen bincikensa na rayuwa, tarihin kimiyya na dā. Ya sami digirin digirinsa tare da rubutun Les fonctions trigonométriques a Héron d'Alexandrie . Farawa a cikin 1920s ya fara rubuta wani muhimmin bugu (wanda aka buga daga 1931 zuwa 1943) na sharhin kan Almagest na Ptolemy da ayyukan Theon na Alexandria, daga baya ya ci gaba da ɗalibinsa kuma magajinsa Joseph Mogenet (1913-1980) da ɗalibin sa Anne Tihon (an haife shi 1944). Wani daga cikin abokan Roma shine Albert Lejeune (1916-1988). Baya ga bincikensa kan tarihin kimiyya na dā, Roma ta buga rubutun kan batutuwa da yawa na ilimin gargajiya, kamar ayyukan Pindar, Aeschylus, [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] da Theocritus. ⁹A cikin 1932 ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa mujallar L'Antiquité classique . A cikin shekarun 1950, ya zama babban editan mujallar kimiyya-tarihi ''Isis'' . An zabi Adolphe Rome a matsayin memba mai dacewa a 1948 kuma a 1950 memba na yau da kullun na Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium . A cikin 1950 a Cambridge, Massachusetts, ya ba da lacca a taron International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) kan lissafin hasken rana bisa ga Theon na Alexandria. == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == Dubi jerin wallafe-wallafen a cikin Bibliographie Académique 6, 1914-1934, shafuffuka 132-134; 7, 1934-1954, shafufun 233-234; 8, 1954-1955, shafuffukan 99; 10, 1957-1963, shafuffuki 369-370.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; == Manazarta == {{Hujja}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1971]] bi58n8zo1wigu0foou5a59xdwyjwfig 826921 826920 2026-04-27T08:25:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 826921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Adolphe Roma''' (Yuli 12, 1889, Stavelot - 9 Afrilu 1971, Korbeek-Lo) masanin ilimin gargajiya ne na Belgium kuma masanin tarihin kimiyya wanda ya damu da tarihin tsohuwar ilimin taurari. == Ilimi da aiki == Adolphe Rome ya yi karatu a Atheneum a Mechelen, inda mahaifinsa Eugène Rome ya kasance malamin harsuna na dā. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Atheneum, ya shiga makarantar sakandare ta Katolika a Mechelen kuma a 1912 an naɗa shi firist. Daga nan sai ya yi karatun ilimin gargajiya a Jami'ar Louvain kuma ya sami digirin digirinsa a can, bayan da WWI ta katse karatunsa, a shekarar 1919. Daga nan ya yi aiki a Matsayi malami a Schaerbeek da Nivelles kuma a 1922 ya sami tallafin karatu a Institut historique belge de Rome a Roma. Daga 1924 zuwa 1927 a Paris ya yi nazarin rubutun gargajiya da na zamani. Daga 1927 ya koyar da ilimin Helenanci a Jami'ar Louvain, inda aka nada shi farfesa a 1929 kuma ya koyar har zuwa 1958. A shekara ta 1935 ya zama mai daraja na babban coci na Mechelen . A lokacin karatunsa na digiri, Adolphe Rome, wanda ke da sha'awar lissafi tun lokacin da yake makaranta, ya zauna a fagen bincikensa na rayuwa, tarihin kimiyya na dā. Ya sami digirin digirinsa tare da rubutun Les fonctions trigonométriques a Héron d'Alexandrie . Farawa a cikin 1920s ya fara rubuta wani muhimmin bugu (wanda aka buga daga 1931 zuwa 1943) na sharhin kan Almagest na Ptolemy da ayyukan Theon na Alexandria, daga baya ya ci gaba da ɗalibinsa kuma magajinsa Joseph Mogenet (1913-1980) da ɗalibin sa Anne Tihon (an haife shi 1944). Wani daga cikin abokan Roma shine Albert Lejeune (1916-1988). Baya ga bincikensa kan tarihin kimiyya na dā, Roma ta buga rubutun kan batutuwa da yawa na ilimin gargajiya, kamar ayyukan Pindar, Aeschylus, [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] da Theocritus. ⁹A cikin 1932 ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa mujallar L'Antiquité classique . A cikin shekarun 1950, ya zama babban editan mujallar kimiyya-tarihi ''Isis'' . An zabi Adolphe Rome a matsayin memba mai dacewa a 1948 kuma a 1950 memba na yau da kullun na Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium . A cikin 1950 a Cambridge, Massachusetts, ya ba da lacca a taron International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) kan lissafin hasken rana bisa ga Theon na Alexandria. == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == Dubi jerin wallafe-wallafen a cikin Bibliographie Académique 6, 1914-1934, shafuffuka 132-134; 7, 1934-1954, shafufun 233-234; 8, 1954-1955, shafuffukan 99; 10, 1957-1963, shafuffuki 369-370. == Manazarta == {{Hujja}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1971]] f9hvhec5il2muualk1xqtijv5sgjl6q 826922 826921 2026-04-27T08:26:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 826922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Adolphe Roma''' (Yuli 12, 1889, Stavelot - 9 Afrilu 1971, Korbeek-Lo) ya kasance masanin ilimin gargajiya ne na Belgium kuma masanin tarihin kimiyya wanda ya damu da tarihin tsohuwar ilimin taurari. == Ilimi da aiki == Adolphe Rome ya yi karatu a Atheneum a Mechelen, inda mahaifinsa Eugène Rome ya kasance malamin harsuna na dā. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Atheneum, ya shiga makarantar sakandare ta Katolika a Mechelen kuma a 1912 an naɗa shi firist. Daga nan sai ya yi karatun ilimin gargajiya a Jami'ar Louvain kuma ya sami digirin digirinsa a can, bayan da WWI ta katse karatunsa, a shekarar 1919. Daga nan ya yi aiki a Matsayi malami a Schaerbeek da Nivelles kuma a 1922 ya sami tallafin karatu a Institut historique belge de Rome a Roma. Daga 1924 zuwa 1927 a Paris ya yi nazarin rubutun gargajiya da na zamani. Daga 1927 ya koyar da ilimin Helenanci a Jami'ar Louvain, inda aka nada shi farfesa a 1929 kuma ya koyar har zuwa 1958. A shekara ta 1935 ya zama mai daraja na babban coci na Mechelen . A lokacin karatunsa na digiri, Adolphe Rome, wanda ke da sha'awar lissafi tun lokacin da yake makaranta, ya zauna a fagen bincikensa na rayuwa, tarihin kimiyya na dā. Ya sami digirin digirinsa tare da rubutun Les fonctions trigonométriques a Héron d'Alexandrie . Farawa a cikin 1920s ya fara rubuta wani muhimmin bugu (wanda aka buga daga 1931 zuwa 1943) na sharhin kan Almagest na Ptolemy da ayyukan Theon na Alexandria, daga baya ya ci gaba da ɗalibinsa kuma magajinsa Joseph Mogenet (1913-1980) da ɗalibin sa Anne Tihon (an haife shi 1944). Wani daga cikin abokan Roma shine Albert Lejeune (1916-1988). Baya ga bincikensa kan tarihin kimiyya na dā, Roma ta buga rubutun kan batutuwa da yawa na ilimin gargajiya, kamar ayyukan Pindar, Aeschylus, [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] da Theocritus. ⁹A cikin 1932 ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa mujallar L'Antiquité classique . A cikin shekarun 1950, ya zama babban editan mujallar kimiyya-tarihi ''Isis'' . An zabi Adolphe Rome a matsayin memba mai dacewa a 1948 kuma a 1950 memba na yau da kullun na Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium . A cikin 1950 a Cambridge, Massachusetts, ya ba da lacca a taron International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) kan lissafin hasken rana bisa ga Theon na Alexandria. == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == Dubi jerin wallafe-wallafen a cikin Bibliographie Académique 6, 1914-1934, shafuffuka 132-134; 7, 1934-1954, shafufun 233-234; 8, 1954-1955, shafuffukan 99; 10, 1957-1963, shafuffuki 369-370. == Manazarta == {{Hujja}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1971]] hnxxnwelviaj8xl9jt7fzbn9k7gmgbf 826923 826922 2026-04-27T08:26:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 826923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Adolphe Roma''' (Yuli 12, 1889, Stavelot - 9 Afrilu 1971, Korbeek-Lo) ya kasance masanin ilimin gargajiya ne na Belgium kuma masanin tarihin kimiyya wanda ya damu da tarihin tsohuwar ilimin taurari. == Ilimi da aiki == Adolphe Rome ya yi karatu a Atheneum a Mechelen, inda mahaifinsa Eugène Rome ya kasance malamin harsuna na dā. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Atheneum, ya shiga makarantar sakandare ta Katolika a Mechelen kuma a 1912 an naɗa shi firist. Daga nan sai ya yi karatun ilimin gargajiya a Jami'ar Louvain kuma ya sami digirin digirinsa a can, bayan da WWI ta katse karatunsa, a shekarar 1919. Daga nan ya yi aiki a Matsayi malami a Schaerbeek da Nivelles kuma a 1922 ya sami tallafin karatu a Institut historique belge de Rome a Roma. Daga 1924 zuwa 1927 a Paris ya yi nazarin rubutun gargajiya da na zamani. Daga 1927 ya koyar da ilimin Helenanci a Jami'ar Louvain, inda aka nada shi farfesa a 1929 kuma ya koyar har zuwa 1958. A shekara ta 1935 ya zama mai daraja na babban coci na Mechelen . A lokacin karatunsa na digiri, Adolphe Rome, wanda ke da sha'awar lissafi tun lokacin da yake makaranta, ya zauna a fagen bincikensa na rayuwa, tarihin kimiyya na dā. Ya sami digirin digirinsa tare da rubutun Les fonctions trigonométriques a Héron d'Alexandrie . Farawa a cikin 1920s ya fara rubuta wani muhimmin bugu (wanda aka buga daga 1931 zuwa 1943) na sharhin kan Almagest na Ptolemy da ayyukan Theon na Alexandria, daga baya ya ci gaba da ɗalibinsa kuma magajinsa Joseph Mogenet (1913-1980) da ɗalibin sa Anne Tihon (an haife shi 1944). Wani daga cikin abokan Roma shine Albert Lejeune (1916-1988). Baya ga bincikensa kan tarihin kimiyya na dā, Roma ta buga rubutun kan batutuwa da yawa na ilimin gargajiya, kamar ayyukan Pindar, Aeschylus, [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] da Theocritus. ⁹A cikin 1932 ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa mujallar L'Antiquité classique . A cikin shekarun 1950, ya zama babban editan mujallar kimiyya-tarihi ''Isis''. An zabi Adolphe Rome a matsayin memba mai dacewa a 1948 kuma a 1950 memba na yau da kullun na Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium . A cikin 1950 a Cambridge, Massachusetts, ya ba da lacca a taron International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) kan lissafin hasken rana bisa ga Theon na Alexandria. == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == Dubi jerin wallafe-wallafen a cikin Bibliographie Académique 6, 1914-1934, shafuffuka 132-134; 7, 1934-1954, shafufun 233-234; 8, 1954-1955, shafuffukan 99; 10, 1957-1963, shafuffuki 369-370. == Manazarta == {{Hujja}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1971]] mkq4cw9q6f7lkru9epeudhb9sbxqm83 0 116867 826834 716202 2026-04-26T23:43:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan shakatawa na Kakum,''' wanda ke kusa da bakin teku na [[Ghana]] Yankin Tsakiya <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=24 February 2016 |title=Central Region |url=https://touringghana.com/central-region/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320175619/https://touringghana.com/central-region/ |archive-date=20 March 2022 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=touringghana.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Central Region |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/tourism/CentralRegion.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203020435/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/tourism/CentralRegion.php |archive-date=3 February 2022 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> na Ghana, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park (Official GANP Park Page) |url=https://national-parks.org/ghana/kakum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926165847/https://national-parks.org/ghana/kakum |archive-date=26 September 2023 |access-date=29 July 2023 |website=national-parks.org |language=en}}</ref> yana rufe yanki na kilomita 375 (145 sq .<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2023 |title=GTA's Experience Ghana, Share Ghana Campaign To Promote Domestic Tourism Visits Central & Western Regions - Ghana.Travel |url=https://ghana.travel/gtas-experience-ghana-share-ghana-campaign-to-promote-domestic-tourism-visits-central-western-regions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618060044/https://ghana.travel/gtas-experience-ghana-share-ghana-campaign-to-promote-domestic-tourism-visits-central-western-regions/ |archive-date=18 June 2024 |access-date=11 July 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> An kafa shi a 1931 a matsayin ajiya, an buga shi a matsayin wurin shakatawa na kasa ne kawai a 1992 bayan an gudanar da binciken farko na avifauna. Yankin ya cika da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi.<ref name="Parks">{{Cite web |title=Parks and reserves of Ghana: Management Effectiveness Assessment of Protected Areas |url=http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-073.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107201234/http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-073.pdf |archive-date=7 January 2014 |access-date=12 April 2013 |publisher=IUCN}}</ref><ref name="Unesco">{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park (Assin Attandanso Reserve) (#) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1396/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802093422/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1396/ |archive-date=2 August 2012 |access-date=11 April 2013 |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref><ref name="NGO">{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park |url=http://www.microsfere.org/en/kakum-national-park/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107214241/http://www.microsfere.org/en/kakum-national-park/index.htm |archive-date=7 January 2014 |access-date=11 April 2013 |publisher=Microsfere}}</ref> Bambancin wannan wurin shakatawa ya ta'allaka ne da gaskiyar cewa an kafa shi ne a kan shirin mutanen yankin ba daga Ma'aikatar namun daji ta Jiha ba wadanda ke da alhakin kiyaye namun daji a Ghana. Yana daya daga cikin wurare 3 kawai a [[Afirka]] tare da hanyar tafiya, wanda ke da tsawon mita 350 (1,150 kuma yana haɗa saman bishiyoyi bakwai wanda ke ba da damar shiga gandun daji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kakum Canopy Walk |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/kakum-canopy-walk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711113259/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/kakum-canopy-walk |archive-date=11 July 2023 |access-date=11 July 2023 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Unesco" /><ref name="Life">{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park - Assin Attandaso Resource Reserve |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6324 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101020828/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6324 |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=11 April 2013 |publisher=Bird Life}}</ref> Mafi sanannun nau'ikan dabbobi masu haɗari a cikin wurin shakatawa sune Diana monkey, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Diana monkey {{!}} primate |url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/diana-monkey |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130213738/https://www.britannica.com/animal/diana-monkey |archive-date=30 January 2016 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> giant bongo antelope, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bongo {{!}} antelope |url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/bongo-antelope |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419030126/https://www.britannica.com/animal/bongo-antelope |archive-date=19 April 2019 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Duiker mai launin rawaya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yellow-backed duiker (''Cephalophus silvicultor'') - Quick facts |url=http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Cephalophus_silvicultor.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501010415/http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Cephalophus_silvicultor.html |archive-date=1 May 2011 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=www.ultimateungulate.com}}</ref> da Giwayen Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Elephant {{!}} Species {{!}} WWF |url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/african-elephant |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323201916/https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/african-elephant |archive-date=23 March 2022 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=World Wildlife Fund |language=en}}</ref> Har ila yau, wani muhimmin yanki ne na tsuntsaye wanda Bird Life International ya amince da shi tare da yankin tsuntsaye da ke rufe yankin wurin shakatawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BirdLife International |title=Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) |url=https://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/programme-additional-info/important-bird-and-biodiversity-areas-ibas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107062059/http://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/programme-additional-info/important-bird-and-biodiversity-areas-ibas |archive-date=7 January 2019 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=BirdLife |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BirdLife International {{!}} conservation group |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/BirdLife-International |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518111414/https://www.britannica.com/topic/BirdLife-International |archive-date=18 May 2019 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Jerin tsuntsaye ya tabbatar da nau'in 266 a cikin wurin shakatawa, gami da nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu takwas na damuwa game da kiyayewa na duniya. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan damuwa shine Guineafowl mai farin ƙirji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en |archive-date=4 March 2020 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species}}</ref> An rubuta nau'o'i tara na hornbill da launin toka .<ref>{{Cite web |last=BirdLife International |title=The Helmeted Hornbill crisis and BirdLife's conservations efforts |url=https://www.birdlife.org/asia/projects/helmeted-hornbill |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518112032/https://www.birdlife.org/asia/projects/helmeted-hornbill |archive-date=18 May 2019 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=BirdLife |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BirdLife International |title=Ghana's Grey Parrot population may soon cease to exist |url=https://www.birdlife.org/africa/news/ghana%E2%80%99s-grey-parrot-population-may-soon-cease-exist |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102212207/http://www.birdlife.org/africa/news/ghana%E2%80%99s-grey-parrot-population-may-soon-cease-exist |archive-date=2 November 2019 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=BirdLife |language=en-us}}</ref> Kuma yana da fiye da 600 butterflies, kuma an gano sabon nau'in a 1993. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2012, yawan giwaye na gandun daji a Ghana yana cikin Kakum. Hukumar Gidajen Tarihi da Tarihi ta Jamhuriyar Ghana ta ba da shawarar cewa [[UNESCO]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNESCO {{!}} Definition, History, Members, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/UNESCO |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402163139/https://www.britannica.com/topic/UNESCO |archive-date=2 April 2018 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> ta ayyana wurin shakatawa a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Duniya a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin vii da x. An gabatar da abin da aka yi a cikin 2000 a ƙarƙashin jerin wuraren Tarihin Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park (Assin Attandanso Reserve) (#) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1396/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802093422/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1396/ |archive-date=2 August 2012 |access-date=11 July 2023 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == A cikin 1931, an ayyana yankin da ke cikin Kogin Kakum a matsayin ajiyar gandun daji kuma Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ce ke sarrafa shi.[https://www.cometowestafrica.com/destinations/travel-news-and-events/kakum-national-park-ghana-2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250914020549/https://www.cometowestafrica.com/destinations/travel-news-and-events/kakum-national-park-ghana-2 |date=2025-09-14 }} A wannan lokacin, ayyukan katako sun kasance masu yawa, musamman na nau'in bishiyar mahogany <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahogany {{!}} wood |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/mahogany-wood |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629151308/https://www.britannica.com/topic/mahogany-wood |archive-date=29 June 2019 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> (''Khaya ivorensis''). Ayyukan katako sun ci gaba har zuwa 1989 lokacin da aka sauya gudanar da ajiyar zuwa Sashen namun daji.<ref name="NGO"/> An haɓaka Nazarin Fasibility da Shirin Gudanarwa na Shekaru 5 na Farko don ci gaban Kakum National Park a matsayin wurin yawon shakatawa na muhalli a cikin 1990 a ƙarƙashin aikin da aka gudanar don Shirin Ci gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (Dudley 1990). Nazarin yiwuwar ya haɗa da kimantawa na farko na tsire-tsire da fauna na Kakum Forest Reserve da ke kusa da Assin-Attandanso Forest Reserve, da kuma binciken yawan giwa (Dudley 1990; Dudley, Mensah-Ntiamoah, & Kpelle 1992; Dudley 1995). An haɓaka Nazarin Fasibility da Shirin Gudanarwa na Shekaru 5 na Farko a cikin tsari na hadin gwiwa da shawarwari wanda ya haɗa da masanin ilimin halitta, jami'an gandun daji, jami'in namun daji, al'ummomin cikin gida, jami'o'in Ghana, jami'aikatan gwamnatin yanki, da sauran manyan masu ruwa da tsaki (Dudley 1992). Dole ne a gane cewa daya, Mista Ebenezer Kwasi Agbley, Manajan Yankin Tsakiya na Hukumar Yawon Bude Ido ta Ghana ya haifi wannan mafarki a karkashin shirin da ya fara kuma ya aiwatar - Shirin Ci gaban Yawon Bude Udo na Yankin Tsakiyar (TODSCER) wanda aka fadada kuma ya zama CENTRAL REGION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM a karkashin Hukumar Ci gaban Yankin Tsakanin (CECOM). Ya nuna shirin TODSCER a Amurka kuma ya jawo cibiyoyin tallafawa da yawa daga bangarorin biyu da na bangarorin da yawa daga al'ummar masu ba da gudummawa don aikin zuwa balaga. Aikin daga baya ya kawo Game & Wildlife don sarrafawa da kula da wurin shakatawa. A cikin shekara ta 1992, Ma'aikatar Kula da namun daji ta sanya Kakum a matsayin wurin shakatawa a ƙarƙashin Dokokin Kula da namun্বী (Ll 1525) a matsayin Yankin Kare Kakum ciki har da [[Assin-Attandanso Game Production Reserve|Assin Attandanso Forest Reserve]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kakum and the Assin Attandanso Reserves, Ghana |url=http://www.fcghana.org/page.php?page=268&section=32&typ=1&subs=271 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701193626/https://fcghana.org/page.php/?page=268&section=32&typ=1&subs=271 |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=www.fcghana.org}}</ref> Bayan binciken da aka yi game da wadatar dabbobi na yankin kiyayewa, an raba shi zuwa Kakum National Park da Assin Attandanso Forest Reserve a wannan shekarar. An tabbatar da rabuwa tare da gardamar cewa Cape Coast da wasu garuruwa da ƙauyuka 33 suna ci gaba da buƙatar katako daga gandun daji da ruwan sha wanda Kogin Kakum ya bayar.<ref name="Parks2">{{Cite web |title=Parks and reserves of Ghana: Management Effectiveness Assessment of Protected Areas |url=http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-073.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107201234/http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-073.pdf |archive-date=7 January 2014 |access-date=12 April 2013 |publisher=IUCN}}</ref> [[Fayil:Monkeys_at_Kakum_National_Park.jpg|thumb|hoton ya kunshi wasu birai a wurin shakatawa na kakum]] == Manazarta == nw87ssutuwdsbl4yvy3xxy5rqvk41d1 0 118483 826889 725173 2026-04-27T06:45:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kasashen [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] da [[Najeriya]] sun kafa dangantakar diflomasiyya a 1976 kuma kasashe ne masu iko na yanki guda biyu a Latin Amurka da [[Afirka]], bi da bi. Kasashen biyu mambobi ne na rukuni na 15, rukuni na 24 da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]]. == Tarihi == Kasashen guda biyu sun kafa dangantakar diflomasiyya da juna a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 1976. Watanni uku bayan kafa dangantakar diflomasiyya, Mexico ta bude ofishin jakadancin a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], duk da haka, an rufe ofishin jakadun a 1979 saboda matsalolin kudi. A cikin 1981, Najeriya ta buɗe ofishin jakadancin a [[Mexico (birni)|Birnin Mexico]] kuma daga baya ta rufe ofishinta na diflomasiyya shekaru biyu bayan haka a cikin 1983. Najeriya ta sake buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Mexico a shekara ta 2000 kuma Mexico ta bi ta hanyar buɗe ofishin Jakadancin a [[Abuja]] (sabuwar babban birnin Najeriya tun 1991) a shekara ta 2008. <ref name="Relations" /> A cikin 1981, Shugaban Najeriya [[Shehu Shagari]] ya halarci taron koli na Shuwagabannin Jihohi a [[Cancun|Cancún]] inda ya sadu da takwaransa, Shugaban Mexico José López Portillo da shuwagabannin wasu kasashe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Regan Meets with Chinese and Mexican Leaders(Published 1981) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/22/world/reagan-meets-with-chinese-and-mexican-leaders.html |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2000, dangantakar da ke tsakanin kasashen biyu da kuma tarurruka masu girma tsakanin kasashen biyu sun karu sosai. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2002, Shugaban Najeriya [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ya kai ziyararsa ta farko zuwa Mexico don halartar [[Monterrey]]_Consensus" id="mwKA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Monterrey Consensus">Yarjejeniyar Monterrey da aka gudanar a arewacin birnin Monterrey na Mexico. A watan Satumbar 2002, Shugaba Vicente Fox ya zama shugaban kasar Mexico na farko da ya kai ziyara a Najeriya. A watan Satumbar 2005, Shugaban Najeriya Olusegun Obasanjo ya ziyarci Mexico na biyu. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2013, Mataimakin Sakataren Harkokin Waje na Mexico Lourdes Aranda Bezaury ya ziyarci Najeriya kuma ya sadu da Shugaba [[Goodluck Jonathan]] . A cikin 2014, [[Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley|Jim O'Neill]], wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar kalmar BRIC a cikin shekara ta 2001, ya kirkiro kalmar ''MINT'' (Mexico, [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], Najeriya, da [[Turkiyya]]) acronym wanda ke nufin ƙungiyar ƙasashe masu damar samun saurin ci gaban tattalin arziki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jim O'Neill's MINT Theory Advances a "Perfect Storm"—for Whom? |url=https://nacla.org/blog/2014/2/3/jim-o%25E2%2580%2599neill%25E2%2580%2599s-mint-theory-advances-perfect-storm%25E2%2580%2594-whom |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=NACLA |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A wannan shekarar, ofishin jakadancin Mexico a Najeriya ya kaddamar da Kamfanin Kasuwanci da Masana'antu na Najeriya da Mexico (NMCCI) don inganta kasuwanci tsakanin kasashen biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria, Mexico Launch Chamber Of Commerce And Industry |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2014/12/13/nigeriamexico-launch-chamber-of-commerce-and-industry/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2020, al'adun Mexico sun kwace wani tsohuwar tagulla na [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]] kuma sun mayar da shi Najeriya. Daga baya aka ayyana siffar ta zama karya a cewar mai kula da gidan kayan gargajiya na Afirka ta Tsakiya a Tervuren, [[Beljik|Belgium]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-18 |title=Yoruba archeological piece Mexico returned to Nigeria is fake |url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/english/yoruba-archeological-piece-mexico-returned-nigeria-fake |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=El Universal |language=es}}</ref> A cikin 2024, kasashen biyu sun yi bikin shekaru 48 na dangantakar diflomasiyya. == Ziyarar da aka yi da matsayi mai girma == [[Fayil:Heads_of_State_Cancun_Summit_1981.jpg|right|thumb|Shugaban Najeriya [[Shehu Shagari]] yana halartar taron koli na Arewa da Kudu a Cancún tare da takwaransa na Mexico, Shugaba José López Portillo; 1981]] '''Ziyarar da ta fi girma daga Mexico zuwa Najeriya''' * Shugaba Vicente Fox (2002) * Wakilin Musamman Roberto Zapata Barradas (2013) * Mataimakin Sakataren Harkokin Waje Lourdes Aranda Bezaury (2013) * Darakta Janar na ProMéxico Francisco González Díaz (2016, 2018) * Darakta Janar na Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya Jorge Álvarez Fuentes (2018) '''Ziyarar da ta fi girma daga Najeriya zuwa Mexico''' * Shugaba [[Shehu Shagari]] (1981) * Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] (2002, 2005) * Mataimakin Ministan Kudi Yerima Lawan Ngama (2013) * Ministan kudi [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] (2014) == Yarjejeniyar Biyu == Kasashen biyu sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi da dama na bangarorin biyu kamar Yarjejeniyar Ilimi da Al'adu (1999); Yarjejeniyar Kafa Tattaunawa kan Amfani na Mutuwa (2012); Yarjejeniya ta Fahimtar tsakanin ProMéxico da Majalisar don Inganta Fitarwa ta Najeriya (2015); Yarjejeniyarsa ta Fahimtar Tsaro tsakanin Bancomext da Bankin Najeriya don Fitarwa da Shigarwa; (2015) da kuma Yarjejeniyar Fahimtar Tsayawa tsakanin Hukumar Jami'o'i ta Kasa ta Najeriya da Ƙungiyar Jami'o-Jami'i da Cibiyoyin Ilimi ta Mexico (2016). == Dangantakar kasuwanci == A cikin 2023, cinikayya tsakanin kasashe biyu ya kai dala miliyan 121.6. Babban fitarwa na Mexico zuwa Najeriya sun hada da: motoci da sauran motoci, barasa, alkama da meslin, kifi, magani, tarho da wayoyin hannu, da bututu da bututu. Babban fitar da Najeriya zuwa Mexico sun hada da: shuke-shuke, tsaba, 'ya'yan itatuwa, ma'adinai ko nitrogenados na sinadarai; kwayar koko, da wayoyin lantarki da igiyoyi.<ref name="Trade2" /> Kamfanoni masu yawa na Mexico kamar su [[Cemex]] da Grupo Bimbo suna aiki a Najeriya. A watan Janairun 2020, kamfanin biyan kuɗi na hannu na Najeriya Paga ya ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da ayyukanta a Mexico da Latin Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria's Paga acquires Apposit, confirms Mexico and Ethiopia expansion |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/21/nigerias-paga-acquires-apposit-confirms-mexico-and-ethiopia-expansion/ |access-date=2020-01-21 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:Embajada_de_Nigeria_en_Ciudad_de_México.jpg|right|thumb|Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a Birnin Mexico]] == Ayyukan diflomasiyya na mazauna == * Mexico tana da ofishin jakadanci a [[Abuja]] . * Najeriya tana da ofishin jakadanci a [[Mexico (birni)|Birnin Mexico]]. == Dubi kuma == * Richard Okunorobo == Manazarta == dhii1rid0ic3ei9popmg6hccx0z2jua 0 118760 826677 726270 2026-04-26T15:50:28Z Pharouqenr 25549 826677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Tsuntsu mai launi ɗaya ('''''Myrmotherula unicolor''''') nau'in [[Tsuntsu|tsuntsaye]] ne a cikin subfamily Thamnophilinae uana da iyalin Thamnophilidae, "tsuntsaye na musamman". Yana da iyaka a kudu maso gabashin [[Brazil]].<ref name="IOC14.1">{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Frank |editor-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen |title=Antbirds |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/antbirds/ |access-date=January 4, 2024 |website=IOC World Bird List}}</ref> == Taxonomy da tsarin == An yi la'akari da tururuwa masu launi ɗaya da tururuwan Alagoas (''M. snowi'') a baya kuma yanzu sun zama superspecies. Tsuntsu mai launi ɗaya ne.<ref name="IOC14.1">{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Frank |editor-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen |title=Antbirds |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/antbirds/ |access-date=January 4, 2024 |website=IOC World Bird List}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGillDonskerRasmussen2024">[[Frank Gill (ornithologist)|Gill, Frank]]; Donsker, David; [[Pamela Rasmussen|Rasmussen, Pamela]], eds. </cite></ref> Tsuntsaye masu launi ɗaya, tsutsa na Yungas (''M. grisea''), tsutsa na Alagoas (M,''M. snowi''), da tsutsa mai fuka-fuki (''M. behni'') sun bayyana don samar da rukuni na monophyletic tare da irin wannan murya da bukatun mazauni. == Bayyanawa == Tsuntsu mai launi ɗaya yana da tsawon 9 zuwa 10 in) kuma yana da nauyin 6.5 zuwa 8 . Ƙananan tsuntsu ne mai gajeren wutsiya. Manya maza kusan gaba ɗaya suna da launin toka, tare da ƙananan ƙananan ƙasa fiye da na sama. Fuka-fukan makogwaronsu suna da baƙar fata da kuma launin toka. Manya mata suna da launin ruwan inabi mai launin ruwan inabe tare da launin toka a kan kambi da wuyan hannu da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Fuka-fukan su suna da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa tare da gefen launin rawaya a kan gashin jirgin. Wutsiyarsu tana da launin rawaya-launin. Makogwaronsu fari ne kuma ƙananan su galibi suna da launin zaitun wanda yake da launin toka a gefen su da bangarorin su. Yankin su yana da launin ruwan kasa. == Rarraba da mazaunin == Antwren mai launi iri ɗaya tsuntsu ne na Dajin Atlantika. Ana samunsa a gefen kudu maso gabashin gabar tekun Brazil daga arewacin jihar Rio de Janeiro zuwa kudu maso gabashin Rio Grande do Sul. Yana zaune a ƙarƙashin ƙasa zuwa tsakiyar bene na dazuzzukan kore da kuma dazuzzukan sakandare masu girma. A wasu yankuna kuma yana faruwa a cikin dazuzzukan da ke tsiro a kan ƙasa mai yashi fari. Yana fifita ƙasa mai yawa na itacen inabi a cikin dajin da ba shi da ƙarfi tare da rufin da ya kai tsayin kusan mita 20 (ƙafa 70). A tsayinsa yana kama daga matakin teku zuwa kusan mita 500 (ƙafa 1,600). === Motsi === An yi imanin cewa tururuwa mai launi ɗaya yana zama mazaunin shekara-shekara a duk faɗin kewayonsa. === Abinci === Ba a san abincin tururuwa mai launi ɗaya ba amma mai yiwuwa galibi kwari ne da gizo-gizo. Yana cin abinci shi kaɗai, a nau'i-nau'i, ko a cikin ƙungiyoyin iyali, kuma sau da yawa a matsayin wani ɓangare na garken da ke ciyar da nau'o'i. Yana ciyarwa mafi yawa tsakanin kimanin 0.5 da 5 sama da ƙasa, kodayake zai ciyar da sama da {{Convert|15|m|ft}} m (50 . Yana aiki sosai, amma a hankali, yana neman ganima musamman a tsakanin tangles na inabi kuma daga ganye masu rai da matattu, tsokoki, da rassa, galibi ta hanyar isa da wuka. Har ila yau, yana kama ganima ta hanyar ratayewa, hover-gleaning, kuma tare da gajeren sallies daga perch. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qw44j0l2us4zgpppxcbw4yas1e6wjqy 826678 826677 2026-04-26T15:50:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 826678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Tsuntsu mai launi ɗaya''' ('''''Myrmotherula unicolor''''') nau'in [[Tsuntsu|tsuntsaye]] ne a cikin subfamily Thamnophilinae uana da iyalin Thamnophilidae, "tsuntsaye na musamman". Yana da iyaka a kudu maso gabashin [[Brazil]].<ref name="IOC14.1">{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Frank |editor-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen |title=Antbirds |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/antbirds/ |access-date=January 4, 2024 |website=IOC World Bird List}}</ref> == Taxonomy da tsarin == An yi la'akari da tururuwa masu launi ɗaya da tururuwan Alagoas (''M. snowi'') a baya kuma yanzu sun zama superspecies. Tsuntsu mai launi ɗaya ne.<ref name="IOC14.1">{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Frank |editor-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen |title=Antbirds |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/antbirds/ |access-date=January 4, 2024 |website=IOC World Bird List}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGillDonskerRasmussen2024">[[Frank Gill (ornithologist)|Gill, Frank]]; Donsker, David; [[Pamela Rasmussen|Rasmussen, Pamela]], eds. </cite></ref> Tsuntsaye masu launi ɗaya, tsutsa na Yungas (''M. grisea''), tsutsa na Alagoas (M,''M. snowi''), da tsutsa mai fuka-fuki (''M. behni'') sun bayyana don samar da rukuni na monophyletic tare da irin wannan murya da bukatun mazauni. == Bayyanawa == Tsuntsu mai launi ɗaya yana da tsawon 9 zuwa 10 in) kuma yana da nauyin 6.5 zuwa 8 . Ƙananan tsuntsu ne mai gajeren wutsiya. Manya maza kusan gaba ɗaya suna da launin toka, tare da ƙananan ƙananan ƙasa fiye da na sama. Fuka-fukan makogwaronsu suna da baƙar fata da kuma launin toka. Manya mata suna da launin ruwan inabi mai launin ruwan inabe tare da launin toka a kan kambi da wuyan hannu da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Fuka-fukan su suna da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa tare da gefen launin rawaya a kan gashin jirgin. Wutsiyarsu tana da launin rawaya-launin. Makogwaronsu fari ne kuma ƙananan su galibi suna da launin zaitun wanda yake da launin toka a gefen su da bangarorin su. Yankin su yana da launin ruwan kasa. == Rarraba da mazaunin == Antwren mai launi iri ɗaya tsuntsu ne na Dajin Atlantika. Ana samunsa a gefen kudu maso gabashin gabar tekun Brazil daga arewacin jihar Rio de Janeiro zuwa kudu maso gabashin Rio Grande do Sul. Yana zaune a ƙarƙashin ƙasa zuwa tsakiyar bene na dazuzzukan kore da kuma dazuzzukan sakandare masu girma. A wasu yankuna kuma yana faruwa a cikin dazuzzukan da ke tsiro a kan ƙasa mai yashi fari. Yana fifita ƙasa mai yawa na itacen inabi a cikin dajin da ba shi da ƙarfi tare da rufin da ya kai tsayin kusan mita 20 (ƙafa 70). A tsayinsa yana kama daga matakin teku zuwa kusan mita 500 (ƙafa 1,600). === Motsi === An yi imanin cewa tururuwa mai launi ɗaya yana zama mazaunin shekara-shekara a duk faɗin kewayonsa. === Abinci === Ba a san abincin tururuwa mai launi ɗaya ba amma mai yiwuwa galibi kwari ne da gizo-gizo. Yana cin abinci shi kaɗai, a nau'i-nau'i, ko a cikin ƙungiyoyin iyali, kuma sau da yawa a matsayin wani ɓangare na garken da ke ciyar da nau'o'i. Yana ciyarwa mafi yawa tsakanin kimanin 0.5 da 5 sama da ƙasa, kodayake zai ciyar da sama da {{Convert|15|m|ft}} m (50 . Yana aiki sosai, amma a hankali, yana neman ganima musamman a tsakanin tangles na inabi kuma daga ganye masu rai da matattu, tsokoki, da rassa, galibi ta hanyar isa da wuka. Har ila yau, yana kama ganima ta hanyar ratayewa, hover-gleaning, kuma tare da gajeren sallies daga perch. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] br4ygq1z8pk6dads56m38yh8bfaqgka 826679 826678 2026-04-26T15:51:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 826679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Tsuntsu masu launi ɗaya''' ('''''Myrmotherula unicolor''''') nau'in [[Tsuntsu|tsuntsaye]] ne a cikin subfamily Thamnophilinae uana da iyalin Thamnophilidae, "tsuntsaye na musamman". Yana da iyaka a kudu maso gabashin [[Brazil]].<ref name="IOC14.1">{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Frank |editor-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen |title=Antbirds |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/antbirds/ |access-date=January 4, 2024 |website=IOC World Bird List}}</ref> == Taxonomy da tsarin == An yi la'akari da tururuwa masu launi ɗaya da tururuwan Alagoas (''M. snowi'') a baya kuma yanzu sun zama superspecies. Tsuntsu mai launi ɗaya ne.<ref name="IOC14.1">{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Frank |editor-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen |title=Antbirds |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/antbirds/ |access-date=January 4, 2024 |website=IOC World Bird List}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGillDonskerRasmussen2024">[[Frank Gill (ornithologist)|Gill, Frank]]; Donsker, David; [[Pamela Rasmussen|Rasmussen, Pamela]], eds. </cite></ref> Tsuntsaye masu launi ɗaya, tsutsa na Yungas (''M. grisea''), tsutsa na Alagoas (M,''M. snowi''), da tsutsa mai fuka-fuki (''M. behni'') sun bayyana don samar da rukuni na monophyletic tare da irin wannan murya da bukatun mazauni. == Bayyanawa == Tsuntsu mai launi ɗaya yana da tsawon 9 zuwa 10 in) kuma yana da nauyin 6.5 zuwa 8 . Ƙananan tsuntsu ne mai gajeren wutsiya. Manya maza kusan gaba ɗaya suna da launin toka, tare da ƙananan ƙananan ƙasa fiye da na sama. Fuka-fukan makogwaronsu suna da baƙar fata da kuma launin toka. Manya mata suna da launin ruwan inabi mai launin ruwan inabe tare da launin toka a kan kambi da wuyan hannu da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Fuka-fukan su suna da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa tare da gefen launin rawaya a kan gashin jirgin. Wutsiyarsu tana da launin rawaya-launin. Makogwaronsu fari ne kuma ƙananan su galibi suna da launin zaitun wanda yake da launin toka a gefen su da bangarorin su. Yankin su yana da launin ruwan kasa. == Rarraba da mazaunin == Antwren mai launi iri ɗaya tsuntsu ne na Dajin Atlantika. Ana samunsa a gefen kudu maso gabashin gabar tekun Brazil daga arewacin jihar Rio de Janeiro zuwa kudu maso gabashin Rio Grande do Sul. Yana zaune a ƙarƙashin ƙasa zuwa tsakiyar bene na dazuzzukan kore da kuma dazuzzukan sakandare masu girma. A wasu yankuna kuma yana faruwa a cikin dazuzzukan da ke tsiro a kan ƙasa mai yashi fari. Yana fifita ƙasa mai yawa na itacen inabi a cikin dajin da ba shi da ƙarfi tare da rufin da ya kai tsayin kusan mita 20 (ƙafa 70). A tsayinsa yana kama daga matakin teku zuwa kusan mita 500 (ƙafa 1,600). === Motsi === An yi imanin cewa tururuwa mai launi ɗaya yana zama mazaunin shekara-shekara a duk faɗin kewayonsa. === Abinci === Ba a san abincin tururuwa mai launi ɗaya ba amma mai yiwuwa galibi kwari ne da gizo-gizo. Yana cin abinci shi kaɗai, a nau'i-nau'i, ko a cikin ƙungiyoyin iyali, kuma sau da yawa a matsayin wani ɓangare na garken da ke ciyar da nau'o'i. Yana ciyarwa mafi yawa tsakanin kimanin 0.5 da 5 sama da ƙasa, kodayake zai ciyar da sama da {{Convert|15|m|ft}} m (50 . Yana aiki sosai, amma a hankali, yana neman ganima musamman a tsakanin tangles na inabi kuma daga ganye masu rai da matattu, tsokoki, da rassa, galibi ta hanyar isa da wuka. Har ila yau, yana kama ganima ta hanyar ratayewa, hover-gleaning, kuma tare da gajeren sallies daga perch. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5a79ve5bakg4cocsnv0ynciw5xy29h8 826975 826679 2026-04-27T10:45:29Z Mahuta 11340 826975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Tsuntsu masu launi ɗaya''' ('''''Myrmotherula unicolor''''') nau'in [[Tsuntsu|tsuntsaye]] ne a cikin subfamily Thamnophilinae uana da iyalin Thamnophilidae, "tsuntsaye na musamman". Yana da iyaka a kudu maso gabashin [[Brazil]].<ref name="IOC14.1">{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Frank |editor-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen |title=Antbirds |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/antbirds/ |access-date=January 4, 2024 |website=IOC World Bird List}}</ref> == Taxonomy da tsarin == An yi la'akari da tururuwa masu launi ɗaya da tururuwan Alagoas (''M. snowi'') a baya kuma yanzu sun zama superspecies. Tsuntsu mai launi ɗaya ne.<ref name="IOC14.1">{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Frank |editor-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen |title=Antbirds |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/antbirds/ |access-date=January 4, 2024 |website=IOC World Bird List}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGillDonskerRasmussen2024">[[Frank Gill (ornithologist)|Gill, Frank]]; Donsker, David; [[Pamela Rasmussen|Rasmussen, Pamela]], eds. </cite></ref> Tsuntsaye masu launi ɗaya, tsutsa na Yungas (''M. grisea''), tsutsa na Alagoas (M,''M. snowi''), da tsutsa mai fuka-fuki (''M. behni'') sun bayyana don samar da rukuni na monophyletic tare da irin wannan murya da bukatun mazauni. == Bayyanawa == Tsuntsu mai launi ɗaya yana da tsawon 9 zuwa 10 in) kuma yana da nauyin 6.5 zuwa 8 . Ƙananan tsuntsu ne mai gajeren wutsiya. Manya maza kusan gaba ɗaya suna da launin toka, tare da ƙananan ƙananan ƙasa fiye da na sama. Fuka-fukan makogwaronsu suna da baƙar fata da kuma launin toka. Manya mata suna da launin ruwan inabi mai launin ruwan inabe tare da launin toka a kan kambi da wuyan hannu da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Fuka-fukan su suna da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan ƙasa tare da gefen launin rawaya a kan gashin jirgin. Wutsiyarsu tana da launin rawaya-launin. Makogwaronsu fari ne kuma ƙananan su galibi suna da launin zaitun wanda yake da launin toka a gefen su da bangarorin su. Yankin su yana da launin ruwan kasa. == Rarraba da mazaunin == Antwren mai launi iri ɗaya tsuntsu ne na Dajin Atlantika. Ana samunsa a gefen kudu maso gabashin gabar tekun Brazil daga arewacin jihar Rio de Janeiro zuwa kudu maso gabashin Rio Grande do Sul. Yana zaune a ƙarƙashin ƙasa zuwa tsakiyar bene na dazuzzukan kore da kuma dazuzzukan sakandare masu girma. A wasu yankuna kuma yana faruwa a cikin dazuzzukan da ke tsiro a kan ƙasa mai yashi fari. Yana fifita ƙasa mai yawa na itacen inabi a cikin dajin da ba shi da ƙarfi tare da rufin da ya kai tsayin kusan mita 20 (ƙafa 70). A tsayinsa yana kama daga matakin teku zuwa kusan mita 500 (ƙafa 1,600). === Motsi === An yi imanin cewa tururuwa mai launi ɗaya yana zama mazaunin shekara-shekara a duk faɗin kewayonsa. === Abinci === Ba a san abincin tururuwa mai launi ɗaya ba amma mai yiwuwa galibi kwari ne da gizo-gizo. Yana cin abinci shi kaɗai, a nau'i-nau'i, ko a cikin ƙungiyoyin iyali, kuma sau da yawa a matsayin wani ɓangare na garken da ke ciyar da nau'o'i. Yana ciyarwa mafi yawa tsakanin kimanin 0.5 da 5 sama da ƙasa, kodayake zai ciyar da sama da {{Convert|15|m|ft}} m (50 . Yana aiki sosai, amma a hankali, yana neman ganima musamman a tsakanin tangles na inabi kuma daga ganye masu rai da matattu, tsokoki, da rassa, galibi ta hanyar isa da wuka. Har ila yau, yana kama ganima ta hanyar ratayewa, hover-gleaning, kuma tare da gajeren sallies daga perch. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rfg332btnzna12skt9jvdulqiy897vo 0 119479 826966 729027 2026-04-27T10:20:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lambun, Ikoyi''' [[Urban green space|wuri ne mai koren birni]] wanda ke kan titin Alfred Rewane, [[Ikoyi]], [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa-OnTheRise |date=2020-11-12 |title=RF Gardens unveils 'The Garden Ikoyi', a sanctuary for happiness in the heart of Lagos |url=https://www.africa-ontherise.com/2020/11/rf-gardens-unveils-the-garden-ikoyi-a-sanctuary-for-happiness-in-the-heart-of-lagos/ |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=Africa-OnTheRise |language=en-GB |archive-date=2022-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817005556/https://www.africa-ontherise.com/2020/11/rf-gardens-unveils-the-garden-ikoyi-a-sanctuary-for-happiness-in-the-heart-of-lagos/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An buɗe wannan [[Lambu|lambun]] a cikin Nuwamba 2022 kuma ana kula da shi ta Lambunan RF. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2020 |title=RF Gardens unveils 'The Garden Ikoyi', a sanctuary for happiness in the heart of Lagos |url=https://www.africa-ontherise.com/2020/11/rf-gardens-unveils-the-garden-ikoyi-a-sanctuary-for-happiness-in-the-heart-of-lagos/ |website=Africa-OnTheRise |access-date=30 October 2025 |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817005556/https://www.africa-ontherise.com/2020/11/rf-gardens-unveils-the-garden-ikoyi-a-sanctuary-for-happiness-in-the-heart-of-lagos/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lambun yana da kujeru, filin waje don ƙarancin [[nishaɗi]], ƙananan taro, tallace-tallace na [[abinci]], ɗakin kwana na cikin gida, da [[Office complex|hadadden ofis]] . == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery> Fayil:RF_Gardens,_Ikoyi_06.jpg|alt=The Garden, Ikoyi| Lambun, Ikoyi Fayil:RF_Gardens,_Ikoyi_02.jpg|alt=A view at The Garden, Ikoyi| Duba a The Garden, Ikoyi Fayil:RF_Gardens,_Ikoyi_11.jpg|alt=The Indoor Lounge at The Garden Ikoyi| Zauren Cikin Gida a Lambun Ikoyi Fayil:RF_Gardens,_Ikoyi_20.jpg|alt=Walkway to Exit at The Garden Ikoyi| Tafiya zuwa Fita a Lambun Ikoyi Fayil:RF_Gardens,_Ikoyi_12.jpg|alt=The Indoor Lounge at The Garden Ikoyi 2| Lounge na cikin gida a Lambun Ikoyi 2 Fayil:RF_Gardens,_Ikoyi_04.jpg|alt=The Outdoor Space at The Garden Ikoyi| Filin Waje a Lambun Ikoyi </gallery> == Manazarta == bd8e07kbfncnl4dcly5y6bbc0thq4md 0 125259 826964 753737 2026-04-27T10:10:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826964 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gidan Tarihi na Aboriginal na Dreamings''' ( '''AGOD''' ) wani gidan tarihi ne na fasaha a Cheltenham, [[Melbourne]], Ostiraliya, mallakar kuma mai tattara zane-zane Hank Ebes ne ke gudanarwa. Yana ɗaya daga cikin gidajen tarihi na farko a Melbourne da aka keɓe gaba ɗaya ga zane-zanen Aboriginal. Ya fara a matsayin ƙaramin gidan tarihi a titin Bourke, ya koma manyan wurare a kan titin a farkon 1990, har sai da ya wuce waɗannan wuraren ya koma manyan wurare a Cheltenham. == Tarihi == An fara buɗe Gidan Tarihi na Mafarkai na Aboriginal (AGOD) a wani ƙaramin gidan tarihi a kan titin Bourke, Melbourne. An kafa shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin gidajen tarihi na farko na Aboriginal a Melbourne. Da farko an yi tarin zane-zanen ɗaruruwan mutane ne kawai daga al'ummomin Aboriginal Utopia da Alice Springs, mallakar mai tattara zane-zane na Aboriginal kuma wanda ya kafa gidan tarihi, Hank Ebes.[1] Girman tarin yana nufin cewa a farkon 1990 gidan tarihi ya mayar da wurin zuwa wani babban sarari a kan titi, daga lamba 37 zuwa lamba 73-77, inda ya kasance har zuwa 2008.[2] An ba da izinin zane-zane sama da 12,500 daga masu fasaha sama da 500 daga AGOD kai tsaye daga masu fasaha, al'ummomi, da kuma wasu amintattun wakilai da ke zaune a Alice Springs da wurare masu nisa na hamada.<ref name="about">{{Cite web |date=20 November 2011 |title=Aboriginal art for auction in Melbourne by the Aboriginal Gallery of Dreaming |url=http://www.agodauctions.com.au/content_page_about-us.html |access-date=2 February 2024 |website=Aboriginal Gallery of Dreaming Auctions }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Zuwa shekarar 2001, AGOD ta buƙaci ƙarin sarari, don haka ta sayi {{Convert|2500|m2}} ma'ajiyar kayan tarihi da ke da nisan mintuna 30 kudu maso gabashin tsakiyar birnin, a Cheltenham.<ref name="about" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} rc0alwzd447rebftoof1xuosgviss6s 0 125833 827021 755613 2026-04-27T11:25:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827021 wikitext text/x-wiki <gallery mode="packed" heights="170"> Fayil:Bethel_Burial_Ground_Philly_blg.jpg|Park pavilion, looking west. The burial ground lies behind the pavilion Fayil:Weccacoe_Playground_looking_north.jpg|East side of Weccacoe Playground, looking north </gallery>{{Databox}} Bethel Burial Ground wani kabari ne na Afirka na tarihi wanda ke cikin Kudancin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na filin wasa na Weccacoe, wanda ke da iyaka da Sarauniya, S. Lawrence, Catherine, da S. Liethgow Streets. Gidan binnewa ya kasance kusan murabba'in ƙafa 100 kuma yana ƙasa da kusurwar kudu maso yammacin filin wasa na yanzu. == Tarihi == An fara binnewa a cikin 1810 bayan Rev. Richard Allen ya sayi ƙasar don Ikilisiyar Uwar Bethel AME, wanda ke kusa da rabin mil a arewa, don zama wurin hutawa ga 'yan Afirka na Afirka. takaddun shaida na mutuwa da mutuwa sun rubuta jana'iza 1,716 a shafin {{Convert|0.28|acre}} kafin 1830. <ref name="nom">{{Cite web |last=Wunsch |first=Aaron |date=15 July 2015 |title=Bethel Burial Ground |url=https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/CRGIS_Attachments/SiteResource/PA_Philadelphia_BethelBurialGround_nomination.pdf |access-date=30 January 2016 |website=PHMC |publisher=[[Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission]] |archive-date=2 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302001623/https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/CRGIS_Attachments/SiteResource/PA_Philadelphia_BethelBurialGround_nomination.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An yi amfani da adadi mai yawa a shafin don karɓar binnewa bayan 1842, a sakamakon tara kaburbura a saman kaburbura na baya. Kimanin jimlar binnewar ya kasance daga 3,000 - 5,000. Kabari ya ƙare a 1864 kuma an yi watsi da shafin. Daga 1869-1873 an yi amfani da rukunin don adana wagons da sauran kayan aiki ta hanyar mai gyaran sukari kuma an kara lalacewa. Cocin Bethel ya sayar da dukiyar a 1889. A shekara ta 1900 an canza shi zuwa wurin shakatawa, sannan aka sani da Weccacoe Square . [1] Wani binciken farko ya tabbatar da girman makabartar, ya sami shaidar kaburbura da yawa, da kuma yadudduka na cikawa, da kuma dutse guda ɗaya da ke karantawa "Amelia Brown, 1819, Shekaru 26 - Duk wanda ke rayuwa kuma ya yi imani da ni, kodayake mu [sic] matattu, duk da haka za mu [sic].<ref name="nom"/><ref name="PCrim">{{Cite web |last=Crimmins |first=Peter |date=26 July 2013 |title=Reviving the memory of thousands forgotten in burial ground beneath Philly playground |url=http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/arts-culture/item/57756-seeking-to-preserve-sacred-ground-of-bethel-graves-beneath-queen-village-playground |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221003952/http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/arts-culture/item/57756-seeking-to-preserve-sacred-ground-of-bethel-graves-beneath-queen-village-playground |archive-date=21 December 2016 |access-date=30 January 2016 |website=NewsWorks.org}}</ref> == Filin wasa na Weccacoe == Filin wasa na Weccacoe, wanda ke kan 400 block na Catharine Street, yana da filin wasa wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1910. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 18, 2013 |title=Future Of Queen Village Playground Includes Look At Buried Black History |url=http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2013/07/18/future-of-queen-village-playground-includes-look-at-buried-black-history/ |access-date=21 March 2016 |publisher=CBS Philly}}</ref> An gina wani ɓangare na wurin shakatawa a kan Bethel Burial Ground . Gidan shakatawa ya haɗa da cibiyar nishaɗi, filin wasan tennis, filin wasa da filin wasa na ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2014 |title=Sensitivity and the search for common ground at Weccacoe Playground / Bethel Burying Ground |url=http://planphilly.com/eyesonthestreet/2014/05/06/sensitivity-and-the-search-for-common-ground-at-weccacoe-playground-bethel-burying-ground |access-date=21 March 2016 |publisher=Plan Philly}}</ref> == Manazarta == nes2pgwo3hlw6rdlt2dbwfpfhs9vzzf 0 126209 826960 790980 2026-04-27T09:13:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826960 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fasahar Gerontechnology''', wacce kuma ake kira da '''[https://books.google.de/books/about/Gerotechnology.html?id=hJjSCgAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y fasahar gerotechnology,]''' fanni ne na ilimi tsakanin fannoni daban-daban da kuma fannoni daban-daban na ilimin gerontology da [[fasaha]] . Dorewar al'umma mai tsufa ya dogara ne da ingancinmu wajen ƙirƙirar yanayin fasaha, gami da fasahar taimako da ƙira mai haɗaka, don rayuwa mai ƙirƙira da zaman kanta da kuma shiga cikin zamantakewa na tsofaffi a kowace yanayi na lafiya, jin daɗi da aminci. A takaice, fasahar gerontechnology ta shafi daidaita yanayin fasaha da [[lafiya]], gidaje, motsi, sadarwa, nishaɗi, aiki da kuma halayen/halayen tsofaffi. Ana yawan gano fasahar Gerontechnology a matsayin wani ɓangare na HealthTech kuma tun daga shekarun 2010 - wanda aka fi sani da AgeTech ko Agetech a Turai da Amurka. Sakamakon bincike ya zama tushen masu zane-zane, masu gini, [[injiniyoyi]], [[Masana'anta|masana'antu]], da waɗanda ke cikin sana'o'in kiwon lafiya ( [[Ungozoma|masu aikin jinya]], likitanci, ilimin gerontology, tsofaffi, ilimin halayyar muhalli, ilimin halayyar ci gaba, da sauransu), don samar da yanayi mafi kyau ga mafi yawan shekaru. == Bayani == Ana ɗaukar Gerontechnology a matsayin wani abu mai taimakawa wajen inganta [[Lafiya|lafiyar]] ɗan adam da kuma walwalar jiki da ta motsin rai . Yana da alaƙa da ci gaban ɗan adam da tsufa da nufin rage rashin lafiya da kuma ƙara kuzari da ingancin rayuwa a tsawon rayuwar mutum. Yana ƙirƙirar mafita don faɗaɗa matakin aiki a cikin al'umma ta hanyar haɓaka shekaru masu mahimmanci da wadata a cikin shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwa, wanda hakan ke rage farashin kulawa. Tsarin fasahar geron za a iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin ma'auni na fannoni na ayyukan ɗan adam: (1) lafiya da girman kai, gidaje da ayyukan rayuwar yau da kullun, sadarwa da shugabanci, motsi da sufuri, aiki da nishaɗi, da kuma (2) tsoma bakin fasaha ko matakan tasiri (ingantawa da gamsuwa, rigakafi da haɗin gwiwa, diyya da taimako, kulawa da tsarin kulawa). Abubuwan da ke ƙarƙashin duk waɗannan abubuwan sune binciken bincike na gabaɗaya da aka yi amfani da su bisa ga shaidu waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen haɓaka samfura da ayyuka. Gerontechnology yana da abubuwa da yawa iri ɗaya da sauran fannoni daban-daban, kamar Fasaha ta Taimako (don diyya & taimako da layukan tsarin tallafi & kulawa na matrix), [https://www.tumblr.com/everybodytech Everybodytech], Technology for All (misali [https://www.technology4all.org/ Technology 4 All.org] ) da Universal Design don haɓaka duk samfura da ayyuka da suka shafi fasahar geron. == Tsarin Gerontological == Tsarin ilimin gerontology yana mai da hankali kan samar da ingantattun mafita don inganta rayuwar tsofaffi, ta hanyar ilimin gerontology da hanyoyin bincike na ƙira don samun fahimtar abubuwan da mutane ke so da buƙatunsu. Tsarin ilimin gerontology kuma yana nufin musamman nazari da aiwatar da hanyoyin ƙirar gini waɗanda ke tallafawa tsofaffi masu amfani a cikin muhallin da aka gina. Wasu jami'o'i suna karɓar farfesoshi, waɗanda galibi ke aiki a sassan gine-gine ko ƙirar ciki, waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin nazari da koyarwa na wannan ƙwarewar ƙira. Ba wai kawai wannan ya haɗa da nazarin halayen ƙirar gini waɗanda ke shafar lafiyar tsofaffi ba, har ma yana iya haɗawa da binciken halayen ƙirar gini waɗanda ke shafar buƙatun bayanai (misali gano hanyar da mutum zai bi a cikin sarari) ko buƙatun hulɗar zamantakewa (Campbell, 2012). Tsakanin 2008 da 2030, [[Singafora|Singapore]] za ta shaida wani sauyi a tarihin yawan jama'arta. A shekarar 2005, mutum ɗaya cikin 12 mazauna yankin yana da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Nan da shekarar 2030, mutum ɗaya cikin biyar mazauna yankin zai kasance shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Community Development, Committee on Ageing Issues |year=2006 |title=Report on the Ageing population. Demographic Realities: Opportunities and Challenges |url=http://www.mcys.gov.sg/successful_ageing/report/CAI_report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028115440/http://www.mcys.gov.sg/successful_ageing/report/CAI_report.pdf |archive-date=October 28, 2007 |access-date=July 31, 2008}}</ref> Bincike ya nuna cewa a shekarar 2002, kashi 7% na yawan jama'ar duniya suna da shekaru 65 zuwa sama. Nan da shekarar 2050, ana hasashen cewa kaso zai iya kaiwa kusan kashi 17%. <ref>{{Cite web |last=U.S. Census Bureau |date=March 2004 |title=Global population at a glance: 2002 and beyond. International Brief (Report No. WP/02-1) |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/wp02-1.pdf |access-date=July 31, 2008}}</ref> [[Tsufa na yawan jama'a|Tsufa]] da tasirinsa ga tattalin arziki, [[siyasa]], ilimi da salon rayuwa ba batu ne da aka ware ba, illa dai abin damuwa ne a duniya. Kayayyaki da ayyukan da suka shafi "masana'antar azurfa" ko "kasuwar da ta girma" suna ƙara yawaita a kasuwa. Bukatar masu zane-zane masu fahimtar buƙatun tsufa waɗanda ke amfani da ilimin tsarin ƙira na gerontological suna ƙaruwa a lokaci guda. == Ƙirƙira a fannin fasaha ta Gerontechnology == Ƙirƙirar fasaha a fannin gerontechnology ta mayar da hankali kan haɗa fasaha, ƙira, da sauran ayyukan fasaha cikin ayyukan fasaha, tare da manufar haɓaka rayuwar tsofaffi. Masu bincike a wannan fanni suna da nufin tallafawa lafiyar fahimta, lafiyar motsin rai, da kuma hulɗar zamantakewa a cikin waɗannan tsofaffi. Wani bincike na 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Community Development, Committee on Ageing Issues |year=2006 |title=Report on the Ageing population. Demographic Realities: Opportunities and Challenges |url=http://www.mcys.gov.sg/successful_ageing/report/CAI_report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028115440/http://www.mcys.gov.sg/successful_ageing/report/CAI_report.pdf |archive-date=October 28, 2007 |access-date=July 31, 2008}}</ref> ya yi bitar '''ƙirƙirar fasahar kere-kere ta dijital (DCAIs)''', wanda ya haɗa da kiɗan kan layi, rawa, da shirye-shiryen fasahar gani da ake bayarwa ta hanyar manhajoji ko kiran bidiyo. Binciken ya gano fa'idodi da yawa na lafiya ga tsofaffi. A fannin ilimin halittar jiki, DCAIs sun goyi bayan ƙwarewar motsa jiki mai kyau da kuma haɗin kai na jiki gaba ɗaya. A fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, sun taimaka wajen rage kaɗaici, damuwa, da baƙin ciki ta hanyar yin aiki a matsayin wani nau'i na tallafin lafiyar kwakwalwa. A fannin zamantakewa, DCAIs sun haɓaka alaƙa da takwarorinsu da al'ummomi ta hanyar dandamali na dijital. A fannin fahimta, sun ƙarfafa ƙwaƙwalwa, ƙirƙira da iyawar magance matsaloli. Tsofaffi gabaɗaya suna ganin DCAIs masu yiwuwa ne kuma masu daɗi. Duk da haka, akwai kuma shinge da aka samu a cikin waɗannan fasahohin, musamman game da hanyoyin sadarwa masu rikitarwa, da batutuwan da suka shafi shekaru kamar hangen nesa, ji, da nakasa ga motsi. Binciken gabaɗaya ya gano cewa DCAIs ba wai kawai suna da kyau don amfani da nishaɗi ba, har ma sun yi aiki a matsayin kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin fasahar geron, suna tallafawa nasarar tsufa ta hanyar haɓaka lafiyar jiki, fahimta, tunani, da zamantakewa. Wani bita <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Community Development, Committee on Ageing Issues |year=2006 |title=Report on the Ageing population. Demographic Realities: Opportunities and Challenges |url=http://www.mcys.gov.sg/successful_ageing/report/CAI_report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028115440/http://www.mcys.gov.sg/successful_ageing/report/CAI_report.pdf |archive-date=October 28, 2007 |access-date=July 31, 2008}}</ref> ya gudanar da bita kan '''fasaha ta taimaka''' wa tsofaffi masu fama da ƙarancin fahimta ko ciwon hauka. Bitar ta ga fa'idodi daban-daban na lafiya. Sun jawo hankalin mahalarta a cikin yin kiɗa, bayar da labarai, da ayyukan zane-zane, suna kuma tallafawa ƙwarewar motsa jiki da kuma haɗin kai na jiki gaba ɗaya. Mahalarta wannan sun nuna ci gaba a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, kulawa da shiga cikin ayyukan yayin da kuma bayan ayyukan. Duk da cewa waɗannan ba manyan riba ba ne ko na dindindin, hanyoyin shiga sun bayyana suna taimakawa wajen kiyaye ayyukan fahimta yayin da kuma suna ƙarfafa aikin tunani. Sun kuma ba wa tsofaffi jin daɗi da motsa jiki, suna rage damuwa. A fannin zamantakewa, ayyukan sun taimaka wajen hulɗa da takwarorinsu da masu kulawa. Fasaha a cikin wannan binciken an yi ta ne musamman kuma a matakin ƙira, amma ta nuna mahimmancin ƙirƙirar fasahohi ga tsofaffi don tabbatar da amfani ga ayyukan ƙirƙira. Ta kammala da cewa fasahar da ke taimakawa fasaha ba wai kawai nishaɗi ba ce amma kuma tana aiki azaman mahimman abubuwan fasahar geron, suna haɓaka tsufa mai nasara. Makomar ƙirar fasahar geron don ayyukan ƙirƙira ta ta'allaka ne akan ƙira mai ma'ana ga masu amfani, musamman ta hanyar hanyoyin ƙira waɗanda ke haɗa tsofaffi cikin tsarin haɓaka waɗannan fasahohin. Wani bincike da Zhao et al. suka gudanar ya nuna cewa tsofaffi suna daraja sauƙi, kyakkyawan fata, da kuma ayyukan ƙwararru a cikin waɗannan fasahohin. Waɗannan manya suna son fasahohin da za su ba su damar yin ayyukan ƙirƙira cikin jin daɗi da sauƙi na gidajensu. Wannan yana nuna sauyawa zuwa kayan aikin ƙirƙira na gida, waɗanda aka keɓance. Tare da wannan, sabuwar fasaha da ake nazari a kai kamar gaskiya ta kama-da-wane (VR), gaskiya mai ƙara girma (AR) da basirar wucin gadi (AI) suma za su iya taimakawa wajen haɗa kai ga ƙirƙirar ga tsofaffi. Duk waɗannan sabbin fasahohin za su iya haɗuwa don ba wa tsofaffin tsararraki abubuwan da suka dace da kuma hanyoyin daidaitawa waɗanda za su iya biyan takamaiman buƙatu da abubuwan da ake so. Misali, VR zai ba da damar ɗakunan fasaha na kama-da-wane don abubuwan sha'awa kamar sassaka da zane, yayin da AI na iya taimakawa tare da tsara kiɗa har ma da ba da labari. Wannan zai sa ayyukan ƙirƙira su zama masu sauƙin samu da jan hankali. Bugu da ƙari, wannan binciken ya yi magana game da haɗakar abubuwan zamantakewa cikin fasahar geron. Manya sun yi magana game da sha'awarsu ta neman dandamali waɗanda za su ba da damar hulɗar zamantakewa da kuma gina al'umma a cikin ayyukan kirkire-kirkire. Ƙirƙirar irin waɗannan fasahohin ba wai kawai za su amfanar da kerawa ɗaya ba, har ma za su iya ƙirƙirar alaƙa tsakanin manya. Wannan zai amfanar da lafiyar tsofaffin mutane, da kuma yaƙi da kaɗaici don ƙirƙirar jin daɗin zama tare. Makomar fasahar gerontechnology a cikin ayyukan kirkire-kirkire ta mayar da hankali ne kan haɓaka dandamali waɗanda suka haɗa kai kuma masu sauƙin amfani. Waɗannan dandamali za su ƙarfafa tsofaffi da ikon ci gaba da ayyukan kirkire-kirkire. Tare da ƙira mai mai da hankali kan masu amfani, musamman ra'ayoyi daga tsofaffi, masu zane-zane za su iya ƙirƙirar mafita ga tsofaffin tsararraki tare da VR, AR, da AI. Yin hakan zai haifar da ingantaccen jin daɗin fahimta, zamantakewa, da motsin rai. == Littattafai == '''Ƙungiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Gerontechnology (ISG)''' ce ta buga wani mujalla ta ilimi ta ƙasa da ƙasa mai jinkirin buɗewa, ''Gerontechnology'' [http://www.gerontechnology.org] [https://journal.gerontechnology.org/] . An buga cikakken kundin mai taken ''Gerontechnology'' [http://www.springerpub.com/gerontechnology-9780826128881.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226111428/https://www.springerpub.com/gerontechnology-9780826128881.html |date=2024-02-26 }} wanda [[Sunkyo Kwon]] ya gyara a shekarar 2016/2017. == Aikace-aikace == An yi amfani da fasahar zamani (AgeTech/Agetech) don haɓaka fannoni na inshora, kula da gidaje, gidajen zama da na jinya, kula da lafiya, da kuma kula da haɗari. Ayyukan na iya samo asali ne daga masu ba da sabis daban-daban masu zaman kansu ko haɗin na'urori da ayyuka da aka kunna ta hanyar APIs masu buɗewa. Kasuwancin kasuwanci tare da ɓangaren tsufa sun haɗa da damar da ke kewaye da "Tattalin Arzikin Azurfa" - suna ba da ayyuka ga 'buƙatun' tsofaffin alƙaluma, tallafawa rayuwa mai zaman kanta - magance 'buƙatun' tsofaffin alƙaluma, tsawon rai - tsawaita rayuwa mai lafiya da ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa. A Amurka, kamfanin Aging2.0 ya ƙaddamar a shekarar 2015 kuma tun daga lokacin ya shirya tarurruka 170, ya buɗe rassan sa-kai a ƙasashe 30 kuma ya yi rajistar kamfanoni 30 don shirin hanzartawa nasa. Daga cikin waɗannan, SingFit "yana sauƙaƙa wa kowa ya zama mai ilimin kiɗa", WalkJoy wani na'urar firikwensin da ake sawa wanda ke auna tafiya da kuma sanar da masu kula da su lokacin da wani zai iya faɗuwa. Active Protective jaka ce ta iska da ke hura iska don hana wani ya karya cinyarsa. Kuma Vynca tana rubuta burin mutum na mutuwa, don haka iyalai ba su da tabbas lokacin da lokaci ya yi. Kamfanin Honor, wanda ke haɗa tsofaffi, masu kula da su da iyalansu, kwanan nan ya tara dala miliyan 20, mafi girman kuɗi a cikin rukunin da ke tasowa zuwa yanzu. A Turai, kamfanin AgeTech Birdie da ke London ya sami dala miliyan 7 na Series A don taimakawa tsofaffi su rayu da kansu yayin da tsarin rayuwa mai zaman kansa Kraydel ya tara sama da fam miliyan 1 na tallafi na kirkire-kirkire da tallafin gwamnati don haɓaka na'urar sa mai wayo wacce ke saman talabijin, tana haɗa tsofaffi da masu kula da su ko 'yan uwansu, ta hanyar allon talabijin ɗinsu. == Ilimi == [[File:SetupResearch.jpg|thumb]] Ajin farko na ISG Masterclass [https://web.archive.org/web/20070320052817/http://www.phe.bwk.tue.nl/ISGMasterClass/Main_mclass.htm] ga ɗaliban PhD a shekarar 2006 ya samar da wani shiri don tallafawa binciken fasahar gerontology. == Duba kuma == * Gero-Informatics * Ilimin Halittar Jijiyoyi * Biomechatronics == Nassoshi == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.gerontechnology.info/ Ƙungiyar Duniya don Fasahar Gerontechnology (ISG)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803070243/http://gerontechnology.info/ |date=2020-08-03 }} Archived * [https://www.linkedin.com/grps/Gerontechnology-ISG-1945469/about? Ƙungiyar tattaunawa ta LinkedIn ta hukuma ta ISG] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060813130453/http://www.gero-tech.net/ Fasahar Gero] * [http://www.microsoft.com/enable/aging/default.aspx Tsufa da Fasaha Mai Sauƙi] * [https://agelab.mit.edu/ MIT AgeLab] * [http://www.agingtech.org/ Cibiyar Fasahar Ayyukan Tsufa (CAST)] * IMIA Working Group on Smart Homes and Ambient Assisted Living * [http://faculty.cua.edu/tran/gsa-tag/index.htm Ƙungiyar Gerontological Society of America: Ƙungiyar Masu Ba da Sha'awa Kan Fasaha da Tsufa] * [http://www.aal-europe.eu/ Shirin Rayuwa Mai Aiki da Taimako] * Archived [http://geriatrics.indiana.edu/geroinformatics/ Shirin Gero-informatics na Jami'ar Indiana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703011243/http://geriatrics.indiana.edu/geroinformatics/ |date=2007-07-03 }} * [http://www.gerontotechnik.de/ GGT Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gerontotechnik - GGT Jamusanci na Gerontechnology] * Shirin bincike [http://www.fikresearch.com/index_archivos/FIK_eng.htm na FIK]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} wanda [[Tecnalia Research & Innovation]] ta aiwatar * [http://www.upc.edu/cetpd/home.htm Cibiyar Bincike ta Fasaha don Kula da Dogara da Rayuwa Mai Zaman Kanta (CETpD)] wacce UPC da Asibitin Fundació Comarcal Sant Antoni Abat suka kafa. * [http://www.gerontechnologie.net/ Gerontechnologie.net] Shafin yanar gizo na Faransa game da Gerontechnology. [[Rukuni:Fasaha]] cpqf7lomwqxcqy80ockqtauvschj1t0 0 126528 826968 757523 2026-04-27T10:35:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826968 wikitext text/x-wiki <gallery> Fayil:Kx-web.jpg|Kings Cross Centre </gallery>{{Databox}} An kafa '''Gidan Malvern na London''' a cikin 1999. Kwaleji ce mai zaman kanta kuma Majalisar Burtaniya ta amince da ita a shekara ta 2003. A watan Yulin 2009 Malvern House ya haɗu da AEC Education Group PLC . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AEC Education Group |url=http://www.aeceducationplc.co.uk/ |access-date=2025-12-31 |archive-date=2022-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331055104/http://www.aeceducationplc.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Malvern House London ita ce kawai kwalejin mai zaman kanta a Burtaniya da aka jera a kan Kasuwancin Kasuwancin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AEC Education Group on the LSE |url=http://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/prices-and-news/stocks/summary/company-summary.html?fourWayKey=GB00B04XB679GBGBXASQ1}}</ref> Makarantar ta ƙware wajen koyar da Turanci ga ɗalibai na dogon lokaci da na gajeren lokaci waɗanda ke son karatu da koyon Turanci a London. Har ila yau, makarantar tana koyar da darussan dogon lokaci da ƙwarewar ƙwararru kamar Ingilishi na Kasuwanci ko darussan da ke ba wa ɗalibai shiga jami'ar Burtaniya. Kwalejin ta ƙunshi ɗakunan aji 22+ da ke tsakiyar London (Kings Cross) kuma tana daukar ma'aikatan koyarwa sama da 40. == Tarihi == '''1999''' - An kafa gidan Malvern House London. Cibiyar Trafalgar ta buɗe ƙofofinta ga ɗalibanta na farko da ke son koyon Turanci a farashi mai araha. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> '''2002''' - Cibiyar Bloomsbury ta buɗe a watan Agustan 2002 ta haɗa darussan Turanci na Kasuwanci da ba wa ɗalibai damar yin karatu a jami'ar Burtaniya. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> '''2003''' - Cibiyar Piccadilly ta buɗe kuma ta zama cibiyar nazarin Malvern House. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> '''2006''' - Malvern House ta ƙaddamar da darasi mai zurfi na Turanci mai zurfi wanda ke bawa ɗalibai damar koyon Turanci da sauri. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> '''2006''' - An kafa Shirin Jami'ar Pre-Masters da Darussan Kasuwanci. Malvern House ya fara haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'in Burtaniya kamar Jami'ar Oxford Brooks, Jami'ar Middlesex, Jami'an Leeds. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> '''2009''' - Mayu - Malvern House ya haɗu da AEC Education Group. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> '''2009''' - Cibiyar Kings Cross ta buɗe a cikin zuciyar Kings Cross ta London. Cibiyar tana wakiltar makomar ilmantarwa na Harshe a Burtaniya, tare da dukkan ɗakunan ajiya da wuraren ɗalibai suna da dukkan sabbin fasahohi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> '''2011''' - Cibiyar Piccadilly ta sami nasarar ingantawa don nuna kyawawan ka'idojin da aka gani a Kings Cross (yanzu mafi ƙarancin ka'idar da aka karɓa) [ana buƙatar ambaton]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}} '''2012''' - Ya karɓi sabon wuri a kasuwar Burtaniya don nuna ƙa'idodin koyarwa da kayan aiki. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> '''2012''' - Ya kirkiro dandalin ilmantarwa na kan layi don kara ilmantarwa a cikin aji (Malvern House On-line Academy) [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}} '''2012''' - Ci gaba da makarantar 'virtual' Malvern House don abubuwan tallace-tallace da ilmantarwa da taimako. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> '''2025''' - Malaman Malvern House London sun nemi amincewa da Kungiyar Ma'aikatan TEFL da jefa kuri'a don yajin aiki.<ref name="Islington Times article">{{Cite web |title=Language school teachers call for ‘golden boy’ colleague to be reinstated |url=https://www.islingtontribune.co.uk/article/language-school-teachers-call-for-golden-boy-colleague-to-be-reinstated |access-date=26 September 2025 |website=IslingtonTribune.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="Malvern House teachers form union, ballot for strike action">{{Cite web |title=Malvern House teachers form union, ballot for strike action |url=https://teflworkersunion.org/malvern-house-teachers-form-union-ballot-for-strike-action/ |access-date=26 August 2025 |website=TEFL Workers Union.org}}</ref> == Wuraren da aka yi == Gidan Malvern yana cikin zuciyar London<ref>{{Cite web |title=AEC Education Group |url=http://www.aeceducationplc.co.uk/ |access-date=2025-12-31 |archive-date=2022-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331055104/http://www.aeceducationplc.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kings Cross - 200 Pentonville Road, Kings Cross, London, N1 9JP UK == Darussan == Malvern House yana ba da darussan ɗalibai a cikin Janar, Kasuwanci & jarrabawar Turanci, Aiki & Nazarin da Fast Track Intensive English.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AEC Education Group |url=http://www.aeceducationplc.co.uk }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ayyukan Masana'antu == A ranar 12 ga Agusta 2025, malamai a Malvern House London sun nemi amincewar ƙungiyar tare da TEFL Workers' Union, wani ɓangare na manyan Ma'aikatan Masana'antu na Duniya. Lokacin da gudanarwa ta kasa "don samar da kwanan wata don tattaunawar aminci", ma'aikatan sun jefa kuri'a don aikin masana'antu, tare da kuri'ar yajin aiki da ta buɗe ranar 26 ga watan Agusta. Matsalar ita ce amfani da kwangilar sa'o'i na zero, korar malami mai aiki na dogon lokaci, da kuma batutuwan da suka shafi biyan kuɗi don lokacin gudanarwa / shiri da rarraba sa'oʼi.[1][2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fbksvy8uqtqhoimt71s4b9tsg1mo028 0 127680 826991 826447 2026-04-27T10:55:31Z Mahuta 11340 826991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ismaila Ahmed Gadaka.jpg|thumb|Ismaila Ahmed Gadaka]] An naɗa Alhaji '''Ismaila''' '''Ahmed Dala Ibn Madugu Khaji II''' a matsayin Sarki na 20, ko kuma sarkin gargajiya, na [[Gudi Emirate|Masarautar Gudi]] a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta 2025.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Usman |first=Shehu |date=2025-08-02 |title=Yobe: Gov Buni appoints ex-rep Ismaila Gadaka new Emir of Gudi |url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/08/02/yobe-gov-buni-appoints-ex-rep-ismaila-gadaka-new-emir-of-gudi/ |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Abubakar |first=Mohammed |date=2025-08-02 |title=Gadaka Appointed As New Mai Gudi Of Gudi Emirate |url=https://independent.ng/gadaka-appointed-as-new-mai-gudi-of-gudi-emirate/ |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref>Fadar sarkin tana cikin [[Gadaka]], [[Yobe|Jihar Yobe]], [[Najeriya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=President Tinubu Appoints Governing Councils of Federal Colleges of Education – The Statehouse, Abuja |url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/news/president-tinubu-appoints-governing-councils-of-federal-colleges-of-education/ |access-date=2025-08-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830085812/https://statehouse.gov.ng/news/president-tinubu-appoints-governing-councils-of-federal-colleges-of-education/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sarkin (ko Mai a yaren gida) shine shugaban [[Gamanci|mutanen Ngamo]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Yobe: Ex-Rep Gadaka appointed as Emir of Gudi |url=https://dailytrust.com/yobe-ex-rep-gadaka-appointed-as-emir-of-gudi/ |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Farkon aiki == Ismaila Gadaka ya fara aikinsa a ɓangaren [[banki]] kuma ''[[United Bank for Africa]]'' (UBA) ta yi masa aiki sannan ya haye zuwa ''Standard Trust Bank'' inda ya tashi ya zama Manajan Kasuwanci.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Yusuf |first=Yusuf A. |last2=Damaturu |date=2025-08-02 |title=Breaking: Yobe governor Buni appoints new emir of Gudi |url=https://blueprint.ng/breaking-yobe-governor-buni-appoints-new-emir-of-gudi/ |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited |language=en-US}}</ref> Daga 2007 zuwa 2010, ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Hon. a gwamnatin [[jihar Yobe]] . A cikin zaɓen 2011, ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayyar [[Najeriya]] wanda ke wakiltar mazaɓar [[Fika]] / [[Fune]] ta Tarayya a [[Jihar Yobe]] .<ref name=":3"/> Shi ne Shugaban Kwamitin Kula da ayyukan ƙaramar Hukumar daga 2024 zuwa yau. Shi ne kuma Shugaban Majalisar Gudanarwa, Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya, Yawuri, [[jihar Kebbi]], daga 2024 zuwa yau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Tinubu Appoints Governing Councils of Federal Colleges of Education – The Statehouse, Abuja |url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/news/president-tinubu-appoints-governing-councils-of-federal-colleges-of-education/ |access-date=2025-08-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830085812/https://statehouse.gov.ng/news/president-tinubu-appoints-governing-councils-of-federal-colleges-of-education/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":0"/> == Sarkin sarakuna == Kafin a naɗa shi sarkin, Ismaila Gadaka ya riƙe taken Yariman Gudi . Ya zama sarkin da ya maye gurbin Alhaji Isa Bunuwo Madugu Ibn Khaji a watan Agustan shekara ta 2025 bayan Gwamnan [[Yobe|Jihar Yobe]], [[Mai Mala Buni]], ya zaɓi sunansa daga jerin ƴan takara da sarakunan masarautar Gudi suka gabatar. == Tsofaffi == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+'''Majalisar Gudi ta Masarautar, Jihar Yobe - Emirs na baya da na yanzu''' !S/N !Sunayen !Daga !Zuwa !Shekaru |- |1 |Mai Gudi |1801 |1821 |20 |- |2 |Mai Gali |1821 |1842 |21 |- |3 |Mai Janga |1842 |1846 |4 |- |4 |Mai Malka I |1846 |1849 |3 |- |5 |Mai Malka na II |1849 |1853 |4 |- |6 |Mai Mado |1853 |1859 |6 |- |7 |Mai Galka |1859 |1862 |3 |- |8 |Mai Khahji |1862 |1866 |4 |- |9 |Mai Guze |1866 |1870 |4 |- |10 |Mai Loda |1870 |1871 |1 |- |11 |Mai Ambe |1871 |1881 |10 |- |12 |Mai Bebe Tunga |1881 |1886 |5 |- |13 |Mai Waya |1886 |1890 |4 |- |14 |Mai Somlo |1891 |1897 |6 |- |15 |Mai Doya |1897 |1899 |2 |- |16 |Mai Gado |1899 |1902 |3 |- |17 |Mai Bunuwo |1902 |1910 |8 |- |18 |Mai Yanka |1910 |1931 |21 |- |19 |Mai Isa Ibn Khaji Bunowo |1993 |2025 |32 |- |20 |Mai Isma'ila Ahmed Ibn Madugu Khaji |2025 |yanzu | - |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Musulman Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Jihar Yobe]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] tr9udpvlbkt6dn6km2nx9g24i74ai8u 0 127928 826664 761321 2026-04-26T14:20:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emma Morrison''' ƙwararriyar mai gabatar da shirye-shirye ce a talabijin [[Ghana|a Ghana]] . <ref name="myjoyonline.com">{{Cite web |last=Gadugah |first=Nathan |title=Breaking tradition to become best in your career; Story of Emma Morrison |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/july-26th/breaking-tradition-to-become-best-in-your-career-story-of-emma-morrison.php |access-date=6 September 2017 |website=myjoyonline.com |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042924/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/july-26th/breaking-tradition-to-become-best-in-your-career-story-of-emma-morrison.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta fara aikinta na kafofin watsa labarai, tana aiki da TV3 Ghana lokacin da aka kafa tashar a shekarar 1997 a matsayin mai ba da rahoto kan labarai da kuma mai watsa labarai. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Emma on the ball |url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1139/emma-on-the-ball.html |access-date=6 September 2017 |website=modernghana.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni kuma ita ce 'ya ta uku ga mahaifiyarta kuma 'yar ta bakwai ga mahaifinta. Mahaifinta Jacob Morrison ne, mahaifiyarta kuma Victoria Morrison. Mahaifinta yana da 'ya'ya goma sha uku, 'yan mata goma sha ɗaya da maza biyu.<ref name=":0"/> == Ilimi == Morrison ta yi karatun firamare guda biyu a [[Landan]], [[Birtaniya]] : Makarantar Dollis Junior da ke [[Mill Hill]], da Makarantar Childs Hill da ke [[London Borough of Barnet|Barnet]] . <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Emma on the ball |url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1139/emma-on-the-ball.html |access-date=6 September 2017 |website=modernghana.com}}</ref> Bayan ta koma Ghana, ta yi karatu a Makarantar Shirye-shiryen Goldfields, [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Wesley]] da Makarantar Sakandare ta Tarkwa. <ref name=":02" /> Ta ci gaba da karatu a [[University of Media, Arts and Communication|Cibiyar Aikin Jarida ta Ghana]] . <ref name=":02" /> == Sana'a == Ta fara aikinta na kafofin watsa labarai da TV3 a shekarar 1997 a matsayin mai rahoto/mai watsa labarai, inda ta samu ci gaba a matsayin manaja ta labarai da [[wasanni]] a TV3. <ref name=":0"/> Daga baya ta zama [[Editing|editan]] Joy News TV. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking tradition to become best in your career; Story of Emma Morrison - MyJoyOnline.com |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/July-27th/breaking-tradition-to-become-best-in-your-career-story-of-emma-morrison.php |access-date=2017-09-07 |website=www.myjoyonline.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar shirye-shiryen kasuwanci, rediyo, talabijin, IM a Multimedia Group Ltd kuma tana riƙe da matsayin mai ba da shawara da kuma babban mai shiryawa na ''News Generation'' . Morrison ta shiga Gold Fields Ghana a matsayin shugabar harkokin kamfanoni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2021 |title=Emma Morrison Appointment |url=https://myinfo.com.gh/2021/01/emma-morrison-joins-gold-fields-ghana-as-corporate-affairs-head/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319105036/https://myinfo.com.gh/2021/01/emma-morrison-joins-gold-fields-ghana-as-corporate-affairs-head/ |archive-date=19 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2022 |website=myinfo.com.gh}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Ta lashe kyaututtuka: Mai gabatar da labarai na shekara, Halayyar Talabijin ta shekara, da kuma shirinta na labarai ''na News 360'' wanda ya lashe kyautar shirin talabijin na shekara. <ref name="myjoyonline.com"/> A shekarar 2019 an nada ta a matsayin Halayyar Kamfanoni ta shekara a Glitz Ghana Women of the Year Honours. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking tradition to become best in your career; Story of Emma Morrison - MyJoyOnline.com |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/July-27th/breaking-tradition-to-become-best-in-your-career-story-of-emma-morrison.php |access-date=2017-09-07 |website=www.myjoyonline.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] qprpb3fpzv6lxch2sdpzpvw21fwet9i 0 128077 826781 781558 2026-04-26T20:14:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joy Ngozi Ezeilo Listen'''ⓘ [[farfesa]] ce a fannin shari'ar jama'a [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], Babban Lauyan Najeriya, mai fafutuka, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2019-05-19 |title=Prof. Joy Ezeilo, Dean, faculty of law, UNN: Our avarice for wealth needs psychiatric help |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/prof-joy-ezeilo-dean-faculty-of-law-unn-our-avarice-for-wealth-needs-psychiatric-help/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> kuma mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na shekaru shida kan fataucin mutane a Afirka. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> Ta kuma kasance tsohuwar Kwamishinan Jima'i da Ci gaban Jama'a, [[Enugu (jiha)|Jihar Enugu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=UN Honours Prof Ezeilo, For Advancing Rights Of Women In Nigeria |url=https://independent.ng/un-honours-prof-ezeilo-for-advancing-rights-of-women-in-nigeria/}}</ref> Ta kasance tsohuwar Dean da HOD na fannin shari'a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya Nsukka]] <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bio of Prof Joy Ngozi Ezeilo (Officer of the Order of Niger) - Faculty of Law, University of Nigeria, Enugu |url=https://www.uneclaw.ng/news-and-events/bio-of-prof-joy-ngozi-ezeilo-officer-of-the-order-of-niger |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=www.uneclaw.ng |archive-date=2023-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601113023/https://uneclaw.ng/news-and-events/bio-of-prof-joy-ngozi-ezeilo-officer-of-the-order-of-niger |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma ta kafa kungiyar mata ta taimako (WACOL).<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Professor Joy Ngozi Ezeilo |url=https://sfhnigeria.org/testimonial/professor-joy-ngozi-ezeilo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604230142/https://sfhnigeria.org/testimonial/professor-joy-ngozi-ezeilo/ |archive-date=2023-06-04 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Society for Family Health Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria not practising women equality-Prof. Ezeilo |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/10/nigeria-not-practising-women-equality-prof-ezeilo/amp/}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=December 18, 2023 |title=President of Human Rights Council appoints members of new investigative mechanism on Sudan |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/12/president-human-rights-council-appoints-members-new-investigative-mechanism |website=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> Ita ce mai karɓar Ofishin Order of Niger (OON) kuma ɗaya daga cikin Mata 100 na BBC na 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joy Ngozi Ezeilo (Oon), former Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-trafficking-in-persons/joy-ngozi-ezeilo-oon-former-special-rapporteur-trafficking-persons-especially-women-and-children |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=OHCHR |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year? - BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2022-12-07 |title=Ezeilo, Faborode make BBC list of 100 world inspiring women |url=https://guardian.ng/news/ezeilo-faborode-make-bbc-list-of-100-world-inspiring-women/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Joy a shekarar 1966 a Enugu a Najeriya.Ta sami Ph.D. a Najeriya, LLM a London LL. B. kuma a Najeriya BL, Diploma, Peace & Conflict Resolution a Uppsala.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-02 |title=Meet Our Executive Director - WACOL |url=https://wacolnigeria.org/meet-our-executive-director/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002084212/https://wacolnigeria.org/meet-our-executive-director/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1"/> == Ayyuka == Joy ta zama farfesa a fannin shari'a a shekara ta 2011.<ref name=":7" /> Ta kasance daga cikin Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Ƙungiyar Jama'a ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan Rigakafin Cin zarafin Jima'i da Cin zarafin tsakanin Fabrairu 2019 zuwa Fabrairu 2022. A shekara ta 2013, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ne ya zaba ta a matsayin daya daga cikin mambobin Kwamitin Amincewa na Majalisar Dattijai na Majalisar Dakilai don Wadanda ke fama da fataucin da UNODC Vienna, Austria ke gudanarwa. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=JOY EZEILO PROFILE.pdf |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1r_n9A_qOJ_n-hvs4O4w-VYfVDmcTjJyw/view?usp=sharing&usp=embed_facebook |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=}}</ref> A Najeriya, ita ce shugabar Cibiyar Bayar da Harin Jima'i (SARC), co-shugaban kwamitin ba da shawara na Afirka, Human Rights Watch, Afirka Division, da kuma Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar ta kungiyar lauyoyin Najeriya (NBA). Tsakanin 2012 da 2015, an zabi Ezeilo a matsayin Kwamishinan Jima'i da Ci gaban Jama'a a Jihar Enugu.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":0"/> Ta gabatar da jawabi na 144 na Jami'ar Najeriya a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2018. An kira shi, "Shin an haife mu da 'yanci ko daidai? Dokar, Adalci da 'Yancin Dan Adam a Najeriya". A ranar 19 ga Disamba, 2023, an nada ta memba na Ofishin Binciken Bayani na Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Sudan, tana aiki tare da Mohamed Chande Othman na Tanzania da Mona Rishmawi na Jordan / Switzerland a kan aikin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2019-05-19 |title=Prof. Joy Ezeilo, Dean, faculty of law, UNN: Our avarice for wealth needs psychiatric help |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/prof-joy-ezeilo-dean-faculty-of-law-unn-our-avarice-for-wealth-needs-psychiatric-help/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=UN Honours Prof Ezeilo, For Advancing Rights Of Women In Nigeria |url=https://independent.ng/un-honours-prof-ezeilo-for-advancing-rights-of-women-in-nigeria/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Joy Ngozi Ezeilo (Oon), former Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-trafficking-in-persons/joy-ngozi-ezeilo-oon-former-special-rapporteur-trafficking-persons-especially-women-and-children |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=OHCHR |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == A shekarar 1995, Joy ta lashe kyautar tallafin karatu ta Makarantar Chevening ta Burtaniya. <ref name=":7"/> A shekarar 1998, ta lashe kyautar MacArthur Funds for Leadership Development. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2019-05-19 |title=Prof. Joy Ezeilo, Dean, faculty of law, UNN: Our avarice for wealth needs psychiatric help |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/prof-joy-ezeilo-dean-faculty-of-law-unn-our-avarice-for-wealth-needs-psychiatric-help/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2006, [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo]] (GCFR) ya karrama ta da lambar yabo ta kasa ta Gwamnatin Najeriya [[Order of the Niger|ta Jami'ar Order of Nigeria]] (OON). <ref name=":2"/> A shekarar 2013, an sanya mata suna a cikin Newsweek & Daily Beast of 125 Women of Impact worldwide. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UN Honours Prof Ezeilo, For Advancing Rights Of Women In Nigeria |url=https://independent.ng/un-honours-prof-ezeilo-for-advancing-rights-of-women-in-nigeria/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joy Ngozi Ezeilo (Oon), former Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-trafficking-in-persons/joy-ngozi-ezeilo-oon-former-special-rapporteur-trafficking-persons-especially-women-and-children |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=OHCHR |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, ta lashe lambar yabo ta [[Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam ta ƙasar Najeriya|National Human Rights]] Award da kuma lambar yabo ta Hon. Justice [[Taslim Olawale Elias|Taslim Elias]] Award (wanda aka bai wa farfesoshin shari'a waɗanda suka koyar a jami'o'in Najeriya sama da shekaru ashirin da biyar). <ref name=":7" /> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2022, an ba ta lambar yabo ta musamman ta ƙungiyar farar hula ta Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP). A shekarar 2022, an ba ta lambar yabo ta ɗaya daga cikin mata 100 na BBC a shekarar 2022. <ref name=":3"/> <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2019-05-19 |title=Prof. Joy Ezeilo, Dean, faculty of law, UNN: Our avarice for wealth needs psychiatric help |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/prof-joy-ezeilo-dean-faculty-of-law-unn-our-avarice-for-wealth-needs-psychiatric-help/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2022, Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP)/ Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun karrama ta da lambar yabo ta musamman ga ƙungiyoyin farar hula tare da haɗin gwiwar Ofishin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Jakadancin Amurka]], [[Jamus]], [[Faransa]], Wakilan Tarayyar Turai da Babban Hukumar Burtaniya don tunawa da bikin bayar da kyaututtuka [[Ranar mata ta duniya|na Ranar Mata ta Duniya]] . <ref name=":7" /> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ita ce babban Cif a Igboland wanda aka ba ta shugabanci uku na Ochendo, Ada ejiejemba Ndi Igbo, da Nzebuna chi . Ta auri marigayi Dr. Augustine Ezenta Ezeilo, kuma suna da yara da jikoki. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] jxw9ijny09lks2dnyidsxrxmx8skp6l 0 128231 826997 791039 2026-04-27T11:08:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan Tarihin Motoci na Jihohi Huɗu''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Tex-Ark Antique Auto Museum''' ) gidan tarihi ne na motoci a Texarkana, Arkansas . <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=A Brief History and Overview of Texarkana and the Four-States Area |url=http://www.fourstatesautomuseum.org/history.html |access-date=February 4, 2017 |publisher=Four States Auto Museum }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="Arkansas.com">{{Cite web |title=Four States Auto Museum |url=http://www.arkansas.com/attractions/detail/four-states-auto-museum/91719 |access-date=February 4, 2017 |website=Arkansas.com |publisher=[[Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism]]}}</ref> An kafa shi a shekara ta 2004 kuma an yi masa rijista a matsayin ƙungiya ta 501(c)(3) a [[Arkansas (jiha)|Jihar Arkansas]] . Gidan tarihin yana kan wani wuri da ake amfani da shi a da don gina jikin motoci da kekunan hawa. <ref name="History" /> Manufar Gidan Tarihi na Motoci na Jihohi Huɗu ita ce "kiyaye, tattarawa, baje kolinsu, aiki, da fassara tarin tsoffin motoci" da takardun tarihi masu alaƙa. <ref name="History"/> <ref name="TravelTexas">{{Cite web |title=Four States Auto Museum |url=https://www.traveltexas.com/attractions/four-states-auto-museum |access-date=February 4, 2017 |website=TravelTexas |publisher=Office of the Governor, Economic Development and Tourism }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="Robinson">{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Kat |date=March 1, 2016 |title=A Visit to the Four States Auto Museum in Texarkana |url=http://www.tiedyetravels.com/2016/03/four-states-auto-museum.html |access-date=February 4, 2017 |website=Tie Dye Travels with Kat Robinson}}</ref> Tarin motocinsa ya ɗauki shekaru 100 na tarihin motoci kuma ya haɗa da motoci sama da 20 waɗanda ake nunawa a jere, gabaɗaya na tsawon watanni uku zuwa shida. <ref name="Arkansas.com" /> <ref name="Robinson" /> <ref name="Texarkana USA" /> A kowane lokaci, gidan tarihi yana da kimanin motoci 15 da ake nunawa, da kuma wasu [[Mashin|babura]] da nau'ikan motoci daban-daban. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi jan hankali a cikin tarin akwai motar ɗaukar dawaki ta Yaƙin Basasa, motar [[Ford Model T]] da Model A, motar Nash Metropolitan, motar ɗaukar dawaki ta Studebaker, da kuma motar Chevrolet Corvette ta 2015. <ref name="Robinson" /> <ref name="Gardner" /> Gidan tarihin yana kuma da tarin littattafai masu alaƙa da motoci, wasiƙun labarai, da jaridu. <ref name="Arkansas.com"/> <ref name="Texarkana USA">{{Cite web |title=Art & Culture |url=http://visittexarkanausa.org/content/art-culture |access-date=February 4, 2017 |website=Texarkana USA |publisher=Texarkana USA Chamber of Commerce |archive-date=March 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304025201/http://visittexarkanausa.org/content/art-culture |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gidan Tarihin Motoci na Jihohi Huɗu yana shirya [[Auto show|bikin baje kolin motoci]] na shekara-shekara tare da [[Railfest|bikin RailFest]] na Texarkana, <ref name="LAZSO Creative Studio2">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Four-States Auto Museum |url=http://www.lazsostudio.com/fourstates-auto-museum/ |access-date=February 4, 2017 |publisher=LAZSO Creative Studio }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> da kuma taron shekara-shekara na Baje Kolin Motoci da Sauya Mota, waɗanda dukkansu suna aiki a matsayin tara kuɗi don hakan. Gidan tarihin yana kuma ɗaukar nauyin tarurrukan ilimi daban-daban, bukukuwa, rangadin makaranta, da bukukuwan aure. <ref name="Gardner2" /> == Hotunan Hotuna == <gallery widths="180px"> Fayil:Four_States_Auto_Museum_April_2016_30_(1954_Chevrolet_Bel_Air).jpg|alt=1954 Chevrolet Bel Air| Chevrolet Bel Air na 1954 Fayil:Four_States_Auto_Museum_April_2016_21_(1957_Studebaker_Silver_Hawk_57G-C3).jpg| 1957 Studebaker Silver Hawk 57G-C3 Fayil:Four_States_Auto_Museum_April_2016_11_(1960_Nash_Metropolitan).jpg|alt=1960 Nash Metropolitan| Nash Metropolitan ta 1960 </gallery> == Manazarta == 392b4xbjrzbnsmk4hrs7tzdi50oresv 0 128627 826853 763191 2026-04-27T03:29:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826853 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frederick Wiedemann''' (16 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1891 a Augsburg - 17 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1970 a Postmünster) sojan Jamus ne, jami'in Jam'iyyar Nazi, kuma (a fili) Janar Janar na jam'iyyar Nazi ta Jamus. Ya kasance, na wani lokaci, mai ba da shawara ga [[Adolf Hitler]], tun da yake a baya ya kasance kwamandan Hitler a [[Yaƙin Duniya na I]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2017 |title=Current History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29AKAQAAMAAJ&q=Wiedemann |access-date=29 August 2017 |publisher=New York Times Company |via=Google Books}}</ref> Mutanen biyu daga baya sun yi faduwa. Daga baya, wasu za su yi iƙirarin cewa Wiedemann a asirce ya musanta imanin Nazi, yana gargadi Amurkawa da Burtaniya game da shirye-shiryen Hitler na Turai; duk da haka ya ci gaba da bauta wa Hitler a matsayin shugaban Gestapo na Yammacin Yamma, daga mukaminsa a San Francisco.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2013-11-09 |title=Adolf Hitler's special agent in America |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/11/08/adolf-hitlers-special-agent-in-america/ |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=The Mercury News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Hidima a Yaƙin Duniya na I == Wiedemann da Hitler sun fara hulɗa a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]] lokacin da Hauptmann Wiedemann, a matsayin mai ba da shawara, ya kasance babban hafsan Hitler a cikin 16th Bavarian Infantry . Tare da Max Amann ya kasance daya daga cikin magoya bayan Hitler mafi karfi a cikin tsarin mulki, ya zaba shi don Iron Cross, Class na farko a lokuta da yawa kafin a ba da lambar yabo a 1918. Wiedemann na iya ceton rayuwar Hitler; bayan wani gini ya rushe, Wiedemann ya janye Hitler daga cikin rushewa duk da fuskantar wuta mai tsanani.<ref name=":1" /> Yayinda yake ba da shaida a Nuremberg Trials, Wiedemann ya ba da shawarar cewa Hitler ya kasa samun ci gaba a cikin rundunar saboda kwamandojin da ke kallon shi a matsayin 'Bohemian'. == Mataimakin Hitler == Bayan yakin Wiedemann ya bar sojoji kuma ya zama manomi, da farko ya ki amincewa da tayin daga Hitler a taron da aka yi a 1922 don taimakawa wajen shirya ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA). Koyaya, lokacin da Hitler ya zo mulki a 1933 Wiedemann ya karɓi sabon tayin, da farko a ofisoshin Rudolf Hess kafin ya ɗauki matsayinsa a gefen Hitler, da kuma memba na Jam'iyyar Nazi, a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1934. Tun daga wannan lokacin Wiedemann ya kasance a gefen Hitler, yana tare da shi a ziyarar gwamnati, yana sauƙaƙa tarurruka da kuma magance wasikar Hitler. Ya kuma halarci wani taro tare da Lord Halifax a watan Yulin 1938 inda Wiedemann ya ba da tabbacin cewa "babu wani mataki na tilas" da Hitler ya yi a kan Sudetenland sai dai idan akwai wani mummunan abin da ya faru don tayar da shi. :{{Rp|225}} A zaben 'yan majalisa na 1938, an zabe shi a matsayin mataimakin ''Reichstag'' daga mazabar zabe ta 3 (Berlin East). == Ayyukan diflomasiyya == Ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan, Wiedemann ya fadi daga tagomashi tare da Hitler yayin da abokin hamayyarsa Julius Schaub ya zama mafi mahimmancin mataimakin. Bayan ya yi jima'i da Stephanie von Hohenlohe, an "yi masa gudun hijira", a watan Janairun 1939, zuwa [[San Francisco]] a matsayin Janar Janar a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. <ref>Harold Charles Deutsch, ''Hitler and his Generals: The Hidden Crisis, January–June 1938'', U of Minnesota Press, 1974, p. 41</ref> Wiedemann ya ci gaba da tallafawa Nazism a fili kuma a bayyane yake ya jagoranci salon rayuwa na playboy wanda ya haɗa da halartar jam'iyyun al'umma, membobin Kungiyar Olympics ta musamman da bayyanar yau da kullun a cikin ginshiƙan Herb Caen. <ref>{{cite news |date=25 July 1947 |title=Fritz Wiedemann 30/1947 |url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-41123020.html |access-date=29 August 2017 |website=DER SPIEGEL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2017 |title=Current History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29AKAQAAMAAJ&q=Wiedemann |access-date=29 August 2017 |publisher=New York Times Company |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Wani labarin 2013 a cikin Mercury News ya bayyana cewa "A cikin wahayi mai ban mamaki, Disamba 31, 1940, wani labarin Look Magazine ya sanya Wiedemann a matsayin 'watakila mafi haɗari Nazi a cikin ƙasar.' A zahiri, shi ne shugaban Gestapo na duk ayyukan tufafi da wuka na Jamus a Yammacin Hemisphere. "<ref name=":0"/> Zarge-zarge da aka yi a cikin wata shari'a <ref>{{cite news |date=25 July 1947 |title=Fritz Wiedemann 30/1947 |url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-41123020.html |access-date=29 August 2017 |website=DER SPIEGEL}}</ref> da aka gabatar a Kotun Gundumar Tarayya ta birnin a 1941 sun kuma ba da shawarar cewa ya yi aiki a kan shirye-shiryen Nazi tare da [[Henry Ford]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2017 |title=Current History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29AKAQAAMAAJ&q=Wiedemann |access-date=29 August 2017 |publisher=New York Times Company |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="google.com1">{{Cite web |date=29 August 1968 |title=Political Affairs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=db0cAAAAIAAJ&q=Wiedemann |access-date=29 August 2017 |publisher=New Century Publishers |via=Google Books}}</ref> An kore shi daga Amurka a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1941, zuwa yawancin labarai. == Da'awar game da imanin Wiedemann bayan yaƙin == Shekaru bayan haka, wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa a cikin sirri, Wiedemann ya rabu gaba ɗaya da Nazism. Ya sadu da wakilin Burtaniya Sir William Wiseman, ya gargadi shi game da halin Hitler mara daidaituwa kuma ya bukaci Burtaniya da ta kai hari kan Jamus.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 July 1947 |title=Fritz Wiedemann 30/1947 |url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-41123020.html |access-date=29 August 2017 |website=DER SPIEGEL}}</ref> Ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga jama'a game da mulkin Jamus, amma Fadar White House a wannan lokacin ba ta da sha'awar irin wannan tayin.<ref name="chicagotribune.com">{{Cite web |title=FRITZ WIEDEMANN QUITS ARGENTINE FOR JAPAN TODAY (September 17, 1941) |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1941/09/17/page/7/article/fritz-wiedemann-quits-argentine-for-japan-today |access-date=29 August 2017 |website=chicagotribune.com |archive-date=29 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829125034/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1941/09/17/page/7/article/fritz-wiedemann-quits-argentine-for-japan-today/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Harold Charles Deutsch, ''Hitler and his Generals: The Hidden Crisis, January–June 1938'', U of Minnesota Press, 1974, p. 41</ref> Wiedemann ya kasance, aƙalla, mutumin bambance-bambance; an ba da rahoton cewa an ba Wiedemann zaɓi game da ko yana son mukamin a San Francisco ko a'a. Yana da mahimmanci, yayin kimanta sadaukarwar Wiedemann ga manufar Nazi, a lura cewa ya yi aiki "a matsayin shugaban farfagandar Nazi da ayyukan leken asiri a Amurka".<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2017 |title=Current History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29AKAQAAMAAJ&q=Wiedemann |access-date=29 August 2017 |publisher=New York Times Company |via=Google Books}}</ref> Thomas Weber [1] ya sami bayanan tattaunawar Wiedemann ta 1940 tare da Wiseman inda Wiedemann ya yi gargadi a fili game da Hitler kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa Hitler yana da "mutuntaka mai rabuwa kuma an ƙidaya shi daga cikin mutanen da suka fi zalunci a duniya, ya ga kansa ya fi Napoleon kuma zaman lafiya tare da shi ba zai yiwu ba. " Ya gaya wa Wiseman shirin Hitler na kai farmaki da cin nasara a Burtaniya kuma "ya yi kira da karfi" cewa Burtaniya da sauri kuma "da wuya" a kansa ya kai masa. Wiedemann ya kuma gaya wa Wiseman cewa halin jama'ar Jamus da goyon bayan Hitler sun kasance ƙasa da yadda aka yi imani. Thomas Weber [1] ya ce idan Hitler ya san game da "cin amana" na Wiedemann zai ba shi hukuncin kisa.[undefined][3][undefined][5][2][4] Bayan cire shi daga Amurka a 1941, Wiedemann ya bayyana a Argentina da sauran ƙasashen Kudancin Amurka, kafin a tura shi zuwa [[Tianjin|Tientsin]] inda ya kasance babban mutum a cikin leken asiri na Jamus a [[Sin|China]], a bayyane yake a wannan lokacin ba tare da cin amanar Hitler ba.<ref name="chicagotribune.com"/><ref name="google.com1"/><ref>Harold Charles Deutsch, ''Hitler and his Generals: The Hidden Crisis, January–June 1938'', U of Minnesota Press, 1974, p. 41</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2017 |title=Current History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29AKAQAAMAAJ&q=Wiedemann |access-date=29 August 2017 |publisher=New York Times Company |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>Harold Charles Deutsch, ''Hitler and his Generals: The Hidden Crisis, January–June 1938'', U of Minnesota Press, 1974, p. 41</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=25 July 1947 |title=Fritz Wiedemann 30/1947 |url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-41123020.html |access-date=29 August 2017 |website=DER SPIEGEL}}</ref> Wannan ya kara da bambanci da ikirarin zamani cewa bai ji tausayi ga ra'ayoyin Reich na Uku ba. A cikin tambayoyin da ya yi bayan kama shi, Wiedemann ya bayyana cewa bayan matsayinsa a San Francisco, Joachim von Ribbentrop (a lokacin Ministan Harkokin Waje na Nazi Jamus) ya umarci Wiedemann da ya "yi taka tsantsan wajen furta ra'ayina saboda an san ni da zama mai cin nasara. " Ya ci gaba da lokacinsa a Jamus bayan ya bar San Francisco, "Ban ga Hitler ba saboda ban nemi masu sauraro ba kuma ina so in koma - zuwa Berlin da farko kuma ina aika da ita a Ba da nan ya gaya mini hanyar da nan ta Gabas nan ta nan ya yi mini ya ce ina da za a Ba za a Ba.<ref>Harold Charles Deutsch, ''Hitler and his Generals: The Hidden Crisis, January–June 1938'', U of Minnesota Press, 1974, p. 41</ref> A cikin 2012 an yi iƙirarin cewa Wiedemann ya taimaka wajen ceton kwamandan Yahudawa na Hitler, Ernst Hess. Yarinyar Hess Ursula, a lokacin 86 kuma har yanzu tana zaune a Jamus, ta bayyana a cikin wata hira da Jewish Voice cewa mahaifinta, ta hanyar sa'a, ya sadu da Wiedemann, wanda ya yi aiki tare da shi a yakin duniya na farko kuma lokacin da daga baya ya zama mataimakin Hitler, ya sami izini ga Hess wanda ba a bude wa Yahudawa ba. <ref>{{cite news |date=25 July 1947 |title=Fritz Wiedemann 30/1947 |url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-41123020.html |access-date=29 August 2017 |website=DER SPIEGEL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2017 |title=Current History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29AKAQAAMAAJ&q=Wiedemann |access-date=29 August 2017 |publisher=New York Times Company |via=Google Books}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1970]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1891]] orozji8qxdcse0kk3tgmzcnwm5f0e6b 0 131416 827038 769794 2026-04-27T11:30:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dajin Scotland''' (Scottish Gaelic) ita ce hukumar gwamnati da ke da alhakin tsara dazuzzuka, manufofi da tallafi ga masu filaye masu zaman kansu a [[Scotland]] . An kafa ta a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2019, don ɗaukar wasu daga cikin nauyin Hukumar Kula da Dazuzzuka ta Scotland, wadda aka rushe. Ƙungiyar Kula da Dazuzzuka ta Scotland tana nan tare da [[Forestry and Land Scotland|Ƙungiyar Kula da Dazuzzuka da Ƙasa ta Scotland]], wadda aka kafa a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2019, wadda ke da alhakin kula da da kuma haɓaka Ƙungiyar Kula da Dazuzzuka ta Ƙasa. <ref name="scot">{{Cite web |date=2019-04-01 |title=Forestry Commission Scotland and Forest Enterprise Scotland no longer exist |url=https://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312045730/https://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/ |archive-date=12 March 2020 |access-date=2019-04-01 |publisher=Scottish Government}}</ref> Baya ga ayyukan da suka shafi dokoki a Scotland, Scotland Forestry kuma tana da alhakin kula da [[UK Forestry Standard|Tsarin Daji na Burtaniya]] da [[Woodland Carbon Code|Dokar Carbon ta Woodland]] da kuma samar da shawarwari kan tattalin arziki kan dazuzzuka: tana gudanar da waɗannan ayyukan ne a madadin Scotland, Ingila da Wales a ƙarƙashin shirye-shiryen ketare iyaka tare da [[Forestry Commission|Hukumar Dazuzzuka]] (Ingila) da [[Natural Resources Wales|Albarkatun Halitta Wales]] . <ref name="arrangements2">{{Cite web |date=March 2019 |title=Report setting out the administrative arrangements that the Scottish Ministers intend to make for the carrying out of their functions under the Forestry and Land Management (Scotland) Act 2018 |url=https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/factsheet/2019/03/devolution-of-forestry-administrative-arrangements/documents/forestry-act-2018-administrative-arrangements/forestry-act-2018-administrative-arrangements/govscot%3Adocument |access-date=2019-04-01 |pages=3–4}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin waɗannan tsare-tsare Wales za ta daidaita aikin gudanarwa, daidaitawa da gudanar da shirye-shiryen binciken dazuzzuka, tare da [[Forest Research|Binciken Dazuzzuka]] ya kasance wata hukuma ta daban ta Kwamishinonin Dazuzzuka, yayin da Hukumar Dazuzzuka ta sauran (wanda yanzu ke rufe Ingila kawai don yawancin dalilai) za ta ci gaba da ɗaukar alhakin a madadin dukkan Burtaniya don daidaita tallafin manufofin dazuzzuka na duniya da wasu ayyukan lafiyar tsirrai dangane da bishiyoyi da dazuzzuka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-01 |title=Forestry devolution: resource list |url=https://www.gov.scot/publications/forestry-devolution-resource-list/ |access-date=2019-04-02 |publisher=Scottish Government}}</ref> Cibiyar Kula da Dazuzzuka ta Scotland hukuma ce mai zaman kanta ta Gwamnatin Scotland, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-01 |title=Forestry devolution: resource list |url=https://www.gov.scot/publications/forestry-devolution-resource-list/ |access-date=2019-04-02 |publisher=Scottish Government}}</ref> kuma hedikwatarta tana [[Edinburgh]] . Tana cikin Hukumar Kula da Muhalli da Dazuzzuka ta Gwamnatin Scotland, kuma tana ba da rahoto ga Sakataren Majalisar Ministoci kan Harkokin Karkara da Tsibirai . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-01 |title=Forestry devolution: resource list |url=https://www.gov.scot/publications/forestry-devolution-resource-list/ |access-date=2019-04-02 |publisher=Scottish Government}}</ref> Babban Jami'in Gudanar da Dazuzzuka ta Scotland shine Paul Lowe, wanda a da ya taɓa zama Magatakarda-Janar na Scotland . Manyan jami'ai na baya sune Dr David Signorini, wanda ya karɓi mulki daga Jo O'Hara a watan Disamba na 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2019 |title=Chief Executive announced for Scottish Forestry |url=https://forestry.gov.scot/news-releases/new-chief-executive-announced-for-scottish-forestry |access-date=3 November 2020 |publisher=Scottish Forestry }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kare gandun daji == Don dalilai na ƙungiya, Scottish Forestry ta raba Scotland zuwa gundumomi biyar, waɗanda ake kira "masu kiyaye muhalli": <ref name="offices">{{Cite web |title=Local Offices |url=https://forestry.gov.scot/about/structures/local-offices |access-date=2019-04-02 |publisher=Scottish Forestry}}</ref> * Tsare - tsaren ... * Grampian Conservancy, wanda ya shafi Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire da Moray * Gidajen Conservancy na Perth da Argyll, waɗanda suka haɗa da Angus, Perth da Kinross, arewacin Stirling da kuma mafi yawan Argyll da Bute * Tsarin Tsaron Scotland na Tsakiya, wanda ya mamaye Tsakiyar Belt, gami da kudancin Fife, Lanarkshire, arewacin Ayrshire da Tsibirin Arran. * Cibiyar Conservancy ta Kudancin Scotland, wadda ta ƙunshi Dumfries da Galloway, da Iyakokin Scotland da kuma kudancin Ayrshire == Babban Dazuzzuka na Scotland == Kamfanin Kula da Daji na Scotland ne ke da alhakin naɗa Babban Mai Kula da Daji na Scotland, wanda ke da alhakin ƙa'idodin ƙwararru tsakanin ma'aikatan kula da dazuzzuka a cikin gandun daji na Scotland da gandun daji da kuma Land Scotland. <ref name="arrangements">{{Cite web |date=March 2019 |title=Report setting out the administrative arrangements that the Scottish Ministers intend to make for the carrying out of their functions under the Forestry and Land Management (Scotland) Act 2018 |url=https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/factsheet/2019/03/devolution-of-forestry-administrative-arrangements/documents/forestry-act-2018-administrative-arrangements/forestry-act-2018-administrative-arrangements/govscot%3Adocument |access-date=2019-04-01 |pages=3–4}}</ref> Aikin Babban Mai Kula da Dazuzzuka na Scotland shine: <ref name="chief-forester">{{Cite web |title=Chief Forester for Scotland |url=https://forestry.gov.scot/about/corporate/chief-forester-for-scotland |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117221417/https://forestry.gov.scot/about/corporate/chief-forester-for-scotland |archive-date=17 January 2021 |access-date=3 November 2020 |publisher=Scottish Forestry}}</ref> * Ka zama amintaccen tushen ƙwarewa da shawarwari na fasaha da ƙwararru ga Ministocin Scotland kan al'amuran gandun daji. * Yi aiki a matsayin 'Shugaban Ƙwararru' ga ma'aikatan gandun daji a Scotland Forestry and Forestry da Land Scotland (da kuma ɓangaren gwamnati baki ɗaya) tare da alhakin haɓakawa da kiyaye ƙa'idodin ƙwararru. * Yi aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru da kuma fannoni daban-daban don haɓaka da haɓaka sana'ar gandun daji a Scotland. An nada Helen McKay a matsayin Babbar Jami'ar Gandun Daji ta Scotland a watan Agusta na 2020. <ref name="chief-forester"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-01 |title=Forestry devolution: resource list |url=https://www.gov.scot/publications/forestry-devolution-resource-list/ |access-date=2019-04-02 |publisher=Scottish Government}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-01 |title=Forestry devolution: resource list |url=https://www.gov.scot/publications/forestry-devolution-resource-list/ |access-date=2019-04-02 |publisher=Scottish Government}}</ref> == Manazarta == i4gt5towq68g4so98uc4dkrub2yamk2 0 131889 826979 791019 2026-04-27T10:48:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan kayan tarihi na Jurassic na Asturia''' ( [[Yaren Sifen|Spanish]] : ''Museo del Jurásico de Asturias'' ; ''MUJA'' ) yana cikin yankin Rasa de San Telmo kusa da Ikklesiya (bangar mulki) na Llastres a cikin gundumar Colunga, Asturias, [[Ispaniya|Spain]] . Kodayake an fara ba da shawarar gundumar Ribadesella, an zaɓi Colunga don ginin ginin a ƙarshen 1990s. Ana iya ganin alamomi da yawa daga gidan kayan gargajiya ciki har da Bay of Biscay, Sierra del Sueve, da Picos de Europa . Wurin da aka fi dacewa a kan dutsen kan Rasa de San Temo, gidan kayan gargajiya yana tsakiyar Jurassic Asturias. <ref name="Museum">{{Cite web |title=Jurassic Museum of Asturias (MUJA) |url=http://www.asturias.es/portal/site/Asturias/menuitem.fe57bf7c5fd38046e44f5310bb30a0a0/?vgnextoid=43c376ab0b4af010VgnVCM10000098030a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=5e1924fe8257f010VgnVCM100000b0030a0aRCRD&i18n.http.lang=en |access-date=19 March 2011 |publisher=Government of the Principality of the Asturias }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Nunin da tarin kayan tarihi sun shafe shekaru miliyan 3,500, kuma kodayake suna jaddada matakai uku na Mesozoic ( [[Triassic]], [[Jurassic]] da [[Cretaceous]] ), an kuma gabatar da bayanai game da lokutan da suka gabata da kuma na gaba. Matakai daban-daban na [[Tarihin ilimin ƙasa da duwatsu|zamanin ƙasa da tsarin]] [[Jurassic]] suna kan nuni. An nuna hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa suna ɗauke da kwafi sama da dinosaur 20; suna auna sama da {{Convert|12|m}} a tsayi, nauyinsu zai wuce tan goma idan kwafi na gaske ne. Tarin sawun ƙafa da burbushin da aka samu a gabar tekun Jurassic na Asturian daga wurare goma na binciken burbushin halittu an nuna su a cikin dakunan baje kolin kuma an ce su ne "tarin abubuwan da suka fi cikakken bayani da wakilci na ragowar dinosaur a duniya." <ref name="Museum2">{{Cite web |title=Jurassic Museum of Asturias (MUJA) |url=http://www.asturias.es/portal/site/Asturias/menuitem.fe57bf7c5fd38046e44f5310bb30a0a0/?vgnextoid=43c376ab0b4af010VgnVCM10000098030a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=5e1924fe8257f010VgnVCM100000b0030a0aRCRD&i18n.http.lang=en |access-date=19 March 2011 |publisher=Government of the Principality of the Asturias }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An kafa MUJA a ranar 31 ga Maris, 2004 kuma tana wakiltar jarin Yuro miliyan 12, <ref name="Cuartas2004" /> MUJA na cikin cibiyar sadarwar gidajen tarihi ta jama'a ta Asturian. <ref name="asturiasnatural.com">{{Cite web |title=EL MUJA, un edificio EMBLEMÁTICO |url=http://www.asturiasnatural.com/museos/muja/ |access-date=19 March 2011 |website=asturiasnatural.com |language=Spanish}}</ref> Manufar gidan tarihi ita ce ta kwatanta abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin halittu a Duniya. <ref name="desdeasturias.com">{{Cite web |title=The Jurassic Museum- MUJA Dinosaurs in Asturias. |url=http://www.desdeasturias.com/turismo_asturias/caravia%5Cthe_jurassic_museum__muja/index.asp?loc=55 |access-date=19 March 2011 |website=desdeasturias.com |language=Spanish}}</ref> Masanin burbushin halittu José Carlos García-Ramos daga Jami'ar Oviedo ne ke jagorantar ƙungiyar kimiyya ta gidan tarihi. == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:MUJA_02.jpg|left|thumb|Nunin dinosaur a wajen gidan tarihi.]] Gidan tarihin yana kusa da gabar tekun Tekun Cantabrian da Llastres, tashar jiragen ruwa ta kamun kifi. Tana da iyaka da Sierra del Sueve a kudu da kuma Picos de Europa a gabas. MUJA tana kan titin reshe na AS-257 zuwa Llastres, kimanin nisan mil 1.5.&nbsp;kilomita nesa. <ref name="geography">{{Cite web |title=Location |url=http://www.museojurasicoasturias.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=56&lang=en |access-date=19 March 2011 |publisher=Official website of MUJA |archive-date=2 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902015706/http://www.museojurasicoasturias.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=56&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin ziyarar da aka kai a kan tsaunukan bakin teku tsakanin Gijón da Ribadesella a cikin majalisun Villaviciosa, Colunga da Ribadesella na Asturias, wanda ake kira "Tekun Dinosaurs", an gano cewa akwai tarin dinosaur ichnite da yawa. An tono sawun ƙafafu da ƙashi na dabbobi masu rarrafe na Jurassic a lokacin tono da aka fara a 2005. An nuna burbushin da aka samu a lokacin tono a gidan tarihi. <ref name="coast">{{Cite web |title=The scientific project |url=http://www.museojurasicoasturias.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&Itemid=1&lang=en |access-date=19 March 2011 |publisher=Official website of MUJA |archive-date=4 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904025517/http://www.museojurasicoasturias.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&Itemid=1&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gine-gine == [[Fayil:Interior_del_Museo_del_Jurásico_de_Asturias.jpg|thumb|Cikin gidan kayan tarihi]] Gidan tarihin, wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 2004, an tsara shi ne ta hannun mai ginin, Rufino Uribelarrea. Ginin yana da siffofi na musamman da yawa, musamman rufin, wanda yake a cikin siffar " kittiwake mai kama da zanen yatsa, fasalin dinosaur". Ginin da kansa an siffanta shi da siffar babban sawun dinosaur na tridactyl . <ref name="Museum"/> <ref name="roof">{{Cite web |title=MUJA: Jurassic Museum of Asturias |url=http://www.frameandform.com/en/2009/09/28/muja-museo-del-jurasico-de-asturias/ |access-date=19 March 2010 |publisher=frameandform.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rumfa uku masu siffar ellipsoidal suna haɗuwa don samar da sararin bene wanda babban yanki ne mai faɗin {{Convert|2500|m2}} . Tsarin rufin an yi shi ne gaba ɗaya da itacen da aka yi da laminated, wani katako mai kauri . An rufe rufin gaba ɗaya da farantin fata na tagulla, wanda Ƙungiyar Turai don Ci gaban Gine-gine ta Gine-gine ta bayyana a matsayin "yana yin oxidize zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu a hankali, sannan, bayan shekaru da yawa, patina kore na tagulla da aka saba amfani da shi yana kare ginin da abubuwan da ke ciki tsawon shekaru da yawa, har ma a cikin yanayin ruwa mai ƙarfi." <ref name="roof" /> Bene na farko, bene na ƙasa da ginshiki na ginin suna da {{Convert|5000|m2}} . Faɗin ɗakunan ajiya ko ɗakuna uku sun miƙe zuwa rufin kuma an raba su ta hanyar sassan Mesozoic na Cretaceous, Jurassic, da Triassic . Gine-ginen ginshiki suna ɗauke da sama da tan 400 na burbushin halittu waɗanda har yanzu ba a rarraba su ba. Bene na farko yana da ɗakin baje kolin na ɗan lokaci, ɗakin liyafa, ɗakin gudanarwa, da bita, da kuma ɗakin karatu da dakin gwaje-gwaje. Bene na ƙasa ya ƙunshi zauren baje kolin kayayyaki, ɗakin sauti da ɗakin baje kolin kayayyaki na dindindin, tare da babban ɗakin taro. Wuraren baje kolin kayayyaki sun haɗa da shago, lambuna, gidan cin abinci, da wuraren wasanni. <ref name="museojurasicoasturias.com">{{Cite web |title=MUJA |url=http://www.museojurasicoasturias.com/ |access-date=19 March 2011 |website=museojurasicoasturias.com |language=Spanish}}</ref> == Manazarta == 4e47amqham6y08gkgyn44cjtqld7bsd 0 134071 826659 775389 2026-04-26T14:00:38Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 826659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elie Prodromou Aghnides''' (1901-1988) masanin injiniya ne kuma mai kirkiro na Girka, wanda aka fi sani da kirkirar mai iska. An haife shi a [[Istanbul]], Daular Ottoman, a cikin 1901. Yana da 'yan uwa uku: Nicholas Aghnides, tsohon farfesa a Jami'ar Columbia; Thanasis Aghnide, jakadan Girka kuma mataimakin sakatare ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a London a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu; da Esmeralda Aghnines. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daskalides |first=Dimitri Jacques V Haller |title=Ellie P Prodromou Aghnides |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Ellie-P-Aghnides/6000000009109297864 |access-date=9 July 2017 |website=Geni}}</ref> Aghnides ta yi karatu a [[Ingila]] kuma ta sami digiri na injiniya daga Jami'ar Belgium. Abubuwan da Aghnides ya kirkira na farko shine mai iska, wanda shine daidaitattun ɓangare na kusan dukkanin bututun ruwa, a cikin 1943. Ya ce ya sami ra'ayin ne daga kallon faduwar ruwa. Har ila yau, yana da takardun shaida da yawa a cikin shekarun da suka samo asali daga kirkirarsa ta asali.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 July 1952 |title=Margot D. Enright to Say Vows Today |publisher=The Indianapolis Star}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da gidaje masu tsada a Birnin New York da Paris. Wani daga cikin abubuwan kirkirarsa shine Rhino, [undefined] abin hawa mai dauke da ruwa, mai nauyin tan 5, mai ƙafa 4 wanda aka tsara don wurare da yawa. Marmon-Harrington ne ya gina samfurin a Indianapolis. An tsara shi tare da ƙananan cibiyar nauyi don hana shi juyawa. Ya nuna wa sojoji abin da aka kirkira, amma sun yanke shawarar kada su sayi abin da aka ƙirƙira saboda suna tsoron za a iya yin amfani da ƙafafun da za a iya fashewa da bindiga. Akwai hotuna da bidiyo da yawa game da gwajin abin hawa, kuma an ruwaito a cikin 2015 [2] cewa Eugene Pock ne ya cece shi lokacin da masana'antar ta koma Kentucky a cikin shekarun 1960, kuma Pock zai kawo Rhino zuwa taron shekara-shekara.[1] Aghnides ya auri Margot Enright a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 1952. Bayan aurensu, ma'auratan sun yi hutun aure a Turai, amma ba da daɗewa ba ma'aikatar ta rabu bayan haka, an ruwaito cewa saboda rashin jituwa game da ko za su haifi 'ya'ya. Bayan shekaru da yawa, an kammala kisan aurensu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daskalides |first=Dimitri Jacques V Haller |title=Ellie P Prodromou Aghnides |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Ellie-P-Aghnides/6000000009109297864 |access-date=9 July 2017 |website=Geni}}</ref> Aghnides ya mutu a shekarar 1988 a Birnin [[New York (jiha)|New York]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daskalides |first=Dimitri Jacques V Haller |title=Ellie P Prodromou Aghnides |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Ellie-P-Aghnides/6000000009109297864 |access-date=9 July 2017 |website=Geni}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1901]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e6g6yyc78imdv78ye3mzt1zn4fti1fs 0 134199 826962 787263 2026-04-27T09:42:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ghulam Muhammad Din Puri''' (1835 - 24 Maris 1936) masanin addinin Musulunci ne wanda aka fi sani da wanda ya kafa Dinpur Sharif . <ref>{{Cite web |last=ٹاؤن |first=جامعہ علوم اسلامیہ بنوری |title=بستیِٔ دین پور کا ایک دُرِّ شہوار &#124; جامعہ علوم اسلامیہ علامہ محمد یوسف بنوری ٹاؤن |url=https://www.banuri.edu.pk/bayyinat-detail/%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%AF-%D8%B1-%D8%B4%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1 |website=[[Bayyinat]]}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga Jhang kuma ya kasance daga dangin Rind Baloch. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Silk Letter Movement.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tahir |first=Muhammad |date=10 August 2015 |title=Syed Hussain Ahmad Madani's mentor: Maulana Ghulam Muhammad Deen Puri |work=[[Daily Pakistan]] |url=https://dailypakistan.com.pk/10-Aug-2015/254394}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Ghulam Muhammad a shekara ta 1835 a Mouza Alam Khan na gabashin Gundumar Jhang . <ref>{{Cite web |last=ٹاؤن |first=جامعہ علوم اسلامیہ بنوری |title=بستیِٔ دین پور کا ایک دُرِّ شہوار &#124; جامعہ علوم اسلامیہ علامہ محمد یوسف بنوری ٹاؤن |url=https://www.banuri.edu.pk/bayyinat-detail/%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%AF-%D8%B1-%D8%B4%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1 |website=[[Bayyinat]]}}</ref> Akwai wani tsoho mai suna Hafiz Muhammad Siddique na Mouza Bharchondi Sharif a Sindh. Maulana Ghulam Muhammad ma ya burge su, kuma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ya ziyarci Choundi kuma ya zauna a hidimarsu. Hafiz Mohammad Siddique ya gwada kuma ya horar da iyawar ciki ta Maulana Ghulam Mohammad.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ٹاؤن |first=جامعہ علوم اسلامیہ بنوری |title=بستیِٔ دین پور کا ایک دُرِّ شہوار &#124; جامعہ علوم اسلامیہ علامہ محمد یوسف بنوری ٹاؤن |url=https://www.banuri.edu.pk/bayyinat-detail/%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%AF-%D8%B1-%D8%B4%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1 |website=[[Bayyinat]]}}</ref> Ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Maris 1936. Maulana Ghulam Muhammad Ghotvi, Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Bahawalpur ya jagoranci addu'o'in jana'izar. An binne shi a Kabari na Dinpur . <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=10 August 2015 |title=سید حسین احمد مدنی ؒ کے مرشد:مولانا غلام محمد دین پوری |url=http://dailypakistan.com.pk/columns/10-Aug-2015/254394 |website=Daily Pakistan }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Deobandis * Dinpur == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1936]] rpqyrod52pys8lgqxlxi3xvm36q6zhn 0 136763 826906 791936 2026-04-27T08:12:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George S. Petalotis''' ([[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]]: Γεώργιος Σ. Πεταλωτής, <ref>[http://ekprosopos.gov.gr/?page_id=452 Official website of the Government Spokesman]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{In lang|el}} – {{In lang|en}}</ref> an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Maris 1964 a Komotini, Girka) ɗan siyasan Girka ne na ƙungiyar Democratic Socialists . A karkashin tsohon Firayim Ministan Girka George Papandreou ya yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun gwamnati kuma a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Shari'a, Bayyanawa da 'Yancin Dan Adam. == Rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === Petalotis ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki . Ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Democritus ta Thrace, inda ya sami Ph.D. a fannin Kimiyya da Laifuka. Ya kammala karatunsa na ilimi a Jami'ar Heidelberg, [[Jamus]], tare da Babban Jami'in Kimiyya a cikin Shari'a, Harshe da Al'adu. === Ayyukan sana'a === A shekara ta 1993, Petalotis ya zama memba na ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta Rhodope Prefecture, kuma an zabe shi a matsayin shugaban hukumar a shekarar 1998. Ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa shekara ta 2002, lokacin da ya bar matsayinsa don ɗaukar alhakin kwamitin daidaitawa na taron shugabannin kungiyoyin lauyoyi na Girka. A shekara ta 2005, an sake zabarsa a matsayin shugaban kungiyar lauyoyi ta Rhodope Prefecture . Petalotis ita ce wakilin farko na [[Greek Council for Refugees|Majalisar Girka don 'yan gudun hijira]], tare da hadin gwiwar Babban Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na'Yan Gudun Gida. === Ayyukan siyasa === A shekara ta 2007, an zabi Petalotis a cikin jerin sunayen Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) don wakiltar mazabar Rhodope a majalisar dokokin Hellenic. Bayan Zaben 2009, an nada Petalotis Mataimakin Minista ga Firayim Minista da Kakakin Gwamnati. Daga 17 Yuni 2011 har zuwa Zaben Mayu 2012, ya kasance Mataimakin Ministan Shari'a, Bayyanawa da 'Yancin Dan Adam. A ranar 3 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2015, an ba da sanarwar cewa Petalotis zai shiga tsohon Firayim Minista Papandreou wajen barin PASOK don kafa sabuwar Movement of Democratic Socialists. An nada Petalotis da [[Filippos Sachinidis]] a matsayin wakilan kafofin watsa labarai na sabuwar jam'iyyar.<ref>[http://ekprosopos.gov.gr/?page_id=452 Official website of the Government Spokesman]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{In lang|el}} – {{In lang|en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ipm2zltqigvf5mid6zsbv26cv0t23io 0 138096 826963 782751 2026-04-27T10:06:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Gidajen Tarihi da Al'adun Dijital''''' (2019) littafi ne mai fannoni daban-daban game da ci gaban al'adun dijital dangane da gidajen tarihi . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Giannini |first=Tula |author-link=Tula Giannini |last2=Bowen |first2=Jonathan P. |author-link2=Jonathan Bowen |date=2018 |title=Of Museums and Digital Culture: A landscape view |journal=EVA London 2018 Conference Proceedings |series=[[Electronic Workshops in Computing]] (eWiC) |publisher=[[British Computer Society|BCS]] |pages=172–179 |doi=10.14236/ewic/EVA2018.34 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Museums and Digital Culture – New Perspective and Research |url=https://arts-et-medias.net/en/media/books/museums-and-digital-culture |access-date=4 October 2020 |website=Arts & Médias }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tula Giannini da Jonathan P. Bowen ne suka shirya shi, waɗanda kuma su ne marubutan babi 12. Littafin wani ɓangare ne na Jerin Springer akan Kwamfutar Al'adu, wanda Ernest Edmonds ya shirya. An ƙaddamar da littafin a taron EVA London 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Museums and Digital Culture book launch |url=http://www.eva-london.org/eva-london-2019/museums-and-digital-culture/ |access-date=4 October 2020 |publisher=[[EVA London]] Conference}}</ref> == Abubuwan da ke ciki == Littafin ya kasu kashi tara, tare da babi 28 daga marubuta daban-daban. Littafin ya haɗa da gabatarwar Loïc Tallon, editan littafin Digital Technologies and the Museum Experience na 2008. Akwai kuma gabatarwa, jerin masu ba da gudummawa da gajerun bayanai, da kuma fihirisa. === Sassan === An raba littafin zuwa sassa kamar haka:   == ''Fasaha da Al'adun Kwamfuta'' == A shekarar 2024, editocin sun samar da wani littafi mai zuwa a cikin wannan jerin Springer, ''The Arts and Computing Culture: Real and Virtual Worlds'', idan aka yi la'akari da fasaha dangane da al'adun kwamfuta, ciki har da surori 27 da aka bayar a sassa bakwai, tare da gabatarwar Paul Brown, wani mai fasaha na kwamfuta . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Giannini |first=Tula |author-link=Tula Giannini |last2=Bowen |first2=Jonathan P. |author-link2=Jonathan Bowen |date=2018 |title=Of Museums and Digital Culture: A landscape view |journal=EVA London 2018 Conference Proceedings |series=[[Electronic Workshops in Computing]] (eWiC) |publisher=[[British Computer Society|BCS]] |pages=172–179 |doi=10.14236/ewic/EVA2018.34 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Museums and Digital Culture – New Perspective and Research |url=https://arts-et-medias.net/en/media/books/museums-and-digital-culture |access-date=4 October 2020 |website=Arts & Médias }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An yi bitar littafin a cikin mujallun ''Nature'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Museums and Digital Culture book launch |url=http://www.eva-london.org/eva-london-2019/museums-and-digital-culture/ |access-date=4 October 2020 |publisher=[[EVA London]] Conference}}</ref> da ''International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing'' . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yavuz |first=Ozan |date=2025 |title=Book Review – Tula Giannini and Jonathan P. Bowen, eds, The Arts and Computational Culture: Real and Virtual Worlds |journal=[[International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing]] |publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]] |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=85–89 |doi=10.3366/ijhac.2025.0346}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 1h6m8vk31jhbmm0wvvd7z9j8qdvwslm 0 138287 827067 813052 2026-04-27T11:41:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 827067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Walter Hartwell White Sr.''', wanda aka fi sani da sunan '''Heisenberg''', jarumi ne na almara kuma babban jarumin shirin talabijin na [[Amurka]] ''mai suna Breaking Bad'' . Bryan Cranston ne ya fito a matsayin jarumin. Walter ƙwararren masanin sinadarai ne wanda ya kafa wani kamfanin fasaha kafin ya karɓi kuɗin sa daga abokan aikinsa. Yayin da abokan aikinsa suka zama masu kuɗi, Walter ya zama malamin kimiyyar sinadarai na makarantar sakandare a Albuquerque, New Mexico, da kyar yake samun kuɗi tare da iyalinsa: matarsa, Skyler ( Anna Gunn ), da ɗansu, Walter Jr. ( RJ Mitte ). A farkon shirin, kwana ɗaya bayan cikarsa shekaru 50, an gano yana da [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|cutar kansar huhu]] [[Matakan Ciwon daji|ta mataki na uku]] . Bayan wannan gano, Walter ya yanke shawarar kera da sayar da methamphetamine tare da tsohon ɗalibinsa Jesse Pinkman ( Aaron Paul ) don tabbatar da tsaron kuɗin iyalinsa bayan mutuwarsa. Saboda ƙwarewarsa, "maganin blue meth" na Walter ya fi tsabta fiye da kowace kasuwa, kuma an ja shi cikin harkar cinikin miyagun ƙwayoyi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A matsayin jarumin da ya saba da jarumi [lower-alpha 1] yayin da shirin ke ci gaba, Walter ya zama mai rashin tausayi da rashin tausayi, yayin da wanda ya ƙirƙiri shirin, Vince Gilligan, ya so ya juya daga " Mr. Chips zuwa Scarface ". Ya ɗauki sunan da aka fi sani da "Heisenberg", wanda ya zama sananne a matsayin babban mutum a cinikin miyagun ƙwayoyi na Kudu maso Yammacin duniya . Walter yana fama da kula da iyalinsa yayin da yake ɓoye shigarsa cikin kasuwancin miyagun ƙwayoyi daga surukinsa, Hank Schrader ( Dean Norris ), wakilin Hukumar Tilasta Shan Miyagun Kwayoyi . Kodayake jami'an AMC da farko sun yi jinkirin jefa Cranston saboda rawar da ya taka a baya a cikin Malcolm a Tsakiya, Gilligan ya jefa shi bisa ga rawar da ya taka a baya a cikin shirin The X-Files " Drive ", wanda Gilligan ya rubuta. Cranston ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ƙirƙirar halinsa, gami da labarin Walter, halayensa, da kuma yanayin jikinsa. Wasan kwaikwayo na Walter da Cranston sun sami yabo mai yawa, kuma sau da yawa ana ambaton Walter a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan jaruman talabijin mafi shahara da aka taɓa ƙirƙira. Cranston ya lashe kyaututtukan Primetime Emmy guda huɗu don Fitaccen Jarumi a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Drama, uku daga cikinsu a jere. Shi ne mutum na farko da ya lashe kyautar Critics' Choice, Golden Globe, Primetime Emmy, da Screen Actors Guild Award saboda rawar da ya taka. Cranston ya sake bayar da gudummawa a cikin wani fim mai suna ''Breaking Bad'' {{'}} sequel, ''El Camino: A Breaking Bad Movie'', kuma a cikin kakar wasa ta shida kuma ta ƙarshe ta jerin shirye-shiryen ''Better Call Saul'', wanda ya sanya shi ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kaɗan da suka fito a duka ukun, tare da Jesse Pinkman, Mike Ehrmantraut ( [[Jonathan Banks]] ), Ed Galbraith ( Robert Forster ), da Austin Ramey (Todd Terry). == Ra'ayi da ƙirƙira == An yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga Tony Soprano, wanda ya ƙirƙiri ''Breaking Bad'', Vince Gilligan, yana son babban jaruminsa ya zama jarumi wanda ya zama abokin hamayya a tsawon lokacin wasan kwaikwayon, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chuck Klosterman |date=August 2, 2011 |title=Bad Decisions |url=http://grantland.com/features/bad-decisions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021192914/http://grantland.com/features/bad-decisions/ |archive-date=October 21, 2020 |access-date=July 17, 2011 |website=[[Grantland]]}}</ref> ko kuma kamar yadda ya bayyana, yana mai da Mr. Chips zuwa Scarface . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodman |first=Tim |date=July 13, 2011 |title='Breaking Bad': Dark Side of the Dream |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/breaking-bad-dark-side-dream-210786 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021193106/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/breaking-bad-dark-side-dream-210786 |archive-date=October 21, 2020 |access-date=July 17, 2011 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar James Gandolfini (wanda ya fito a matsayin Soprano) a 2013, Gilligan ya ce, "Ba tare da Tony Soprano ba, da babu Walter White." <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 26, 2013 |title=Vince Gilligan: Without Tony Soprano There Would Be No Walter White |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/james-gandolfini-death-vince-gilligan-574556 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108015125/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/james-gandolfini-death-vince-gilligan-574556 |archive-date=January 8, 2021 |access-date=January 6, 2021 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Gilligan yana buƙatar wannan hali ya shiga cikin rikicin tsakiyar rayuwa wanda zai sa shi neman zaɓuɓɓuka masu haɗari da kuma haifar da ƙarin ayyukan aikata laifuka. Ganin cewa tushen ''Breaking Bad'' ya dogara ne akan ra'ayin barkwanci cewa shi da abokin aikinsa marubucin ''The X-Files'' Thomas Schnauz sun fito da cewa suna tuƙi a cikin abin hawa na nishaɗi da yin methamphetamine, Gilligan ya mai da Walter malamin ilmin sunadarai, wanda, har zuwa farkon wasan kwaikwayon, ba zai taɓa karya doka ba. Gilligan ya yi wa Cranston aiki ne bisa ga yin aiki tare da shi a cikin " Drive " daga ''The X-Files'', wanda Gilligan ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci. Cranston ya yi mummunan rashin lafiya wanda ya kama Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) a matsayin garkuwa. Gilligan ya ce dole ne halin ya kasance mai banƙyama da tausayi a lokaci guda, kuma "Bryan kaɗai ne ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda zai iya yin hakan, wanda zai iya yin wannan dabarar. Kuma dabara ce. Ban san yadda yake yin ta ba." Jami'an AMC da farko sun ƙi zaɓen 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, bayan sun san Cranston kawai a matsayin babban hali Hal a cikin jerin barkwanci ''Malcolm in the Middle'' kuma sun tuntuɓi 'yan wasan kwaikwayo John Cusack da Matthew Broderick game da rawar. Lokacin da dukansu suka ƙi, an shawo kan shugabannin su jefa Cranston bayan sun ga shirin ''X-Files'' . ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} lwyapbtf7rstuhkk4lupbf9sic634bp 0 139191 826720 787845 2026-04-26T17:45:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Evelyn Nguleka''' (1970 - 5 ga Fabrairu, 2017) ta kasance Likitan dabbobi, [[Manoma|manomi]], kuma shugaban Ƙungiyar Manoma ta Duniya daga tsakiyar 2015 zuwa tsakiyar 2016. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Evelyn Nguleka a shekara ta 1970 a [[Zambiya|Zambia]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=February 8, 2017 |title=Evelyn Nguleka shattered the agricultural ceiling |url=http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/evelyn-nguleka-shattered-the-agricultural-ceiling/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517100303/https://www.daily-mail.co.zm/evelyn-nguleka-shattered-the-agricultural-ceiling/ |archive-date=17 May 2022 |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=Zambia Daily Mail |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakarta ce ta yi renonta a [[Ndola]], Nguleka ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Fatima Girls . <ref name=":0"/> Ta sami digiri a fannin kiwon dabbobi daga [[Jami'ar Lusaka]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ms. Evelyn Nguleka {{!}} Department of Economic and Social Affairs |url=https://sdgs.un.org/panelists/ms-evelyn-nguleka-29491 |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=United Nations}}</ref> Ta yi karatun kimiyyar dabbobi a [[Jami'ar Zambia]], kuma ta sami difloma ta kasa da kasa a cikin kula da kaji daga kwalejin Barneveld a Netherlands.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Evelyn Nguleka |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/evelyn-nguleka/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Nguleka karamin manomi ne wanda ya kware a cikin kaji da [[Akwiya|awaki]], da kuma magance cututtuka a cikin waɗannan dabbobi.<ref name=":2"/> Ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar kungiyar manoma ta Zambia (ZNFU) a lokacin da aka zabe ta a shekarar 2013. <ref name=":1"/><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2017-02-05 |title=Ex Zambia National Farmers Union boss Evelyn Nguleka dies |url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2017/02/05/ex-zambia-national-farmers-union-boss-evelyn-nguleka-dies/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=Lusaka Times |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta goyi bayan haƙƙin ƙananan manoma kuma sau da yawa ta haifar da rashin daidaituwa game da yadda ake bi da manoma na amfanin gona daban-daban da girman gona a matsayin rukuni mai kama da juna. Bayan zaben da ta yi a matsayin shugabancin Ƙungiyar Manoma ta Duniya (WFO) a shekarar 2015, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-10-16 |title=Zambia president says to protect consumers as maize meal prices jump |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/zambia-prices-idINL8N12G0PX20151016 |access-date=2023-02-20 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> bayan an nada ta a matsayin mukaddashin shugaban kasa a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2014 |title=World Farmers' Organisation has a new president |url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust/20141016/282196534203969 |access-date=22 June 2024 |publisher=Daily Trust |via=PressReader.com}}</ref> ta ce: "An dauki nauyin manomi na dogon lokaci, kusan kamar muna sayar da injuna don abinci, an kira su don amsa wannan rawar, wadanda suka gudanar da farin ciki aikin ciyar da duniya ta hanyar tilastawa da lalatawa, ba tare da riba ba.<ref name="af2016">{{Cite web |date=13 October 2016 |title=New leader for World Farmers' Organisation |url=https://www.africanfarming.com/news/new-leader-world-farmers-organisation/ |access-date=22 June 2024 |website=African Farming }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Yayinda take aiki a matsayin shugabar WFO, ta kuma yi aiki a Switzerland.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Jäger |first=Hansjürg |date=February 6, 2017 |title=Frühere WFO-Präsidentin Evelyn Nguleka ist tot |url=https://www.bauernzeitung.ch/artikel/landwirtschaft/fruehere-wfo-praesidentin-evelyn-nguleka-ist-tot-373845 |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=Bauernzeitung |language=de-CH}}</ref> == Yin murabus == A watan Satumbar 2016, ta yi murabus daga duka WFO da ZNFU, bayan da Hukumar Kula da Magunguna ta Zambiya ta tuhume ta kuma ta kama ta tare da babban darektan ZNFU Ndambo Ndambo saboda cin hanci da rashawa. Wannan ya faru ne bayan ofisoshin jakadancin Finland da Sweden sun ba da umarnin Bincike kamfanonin Finnish da Swedish waɗanda suka yi aiki tare da ZNFU bayan da ake zargi da rashin kula da gudummawa. == Mutuwa == Ta mutu daga rashin lafiya a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 2017 a [[Lusaka]] . <ref name=":3"/> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] lhgywtexrivvy54hdex4silm2rp4r1c 0 139355 826774 789162 2026-04-26T19:57:15Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1279785705|Mutanen]]" 826774 wikitext text/x-wiki Mutanen sunan mahaifi ne a Finnish.  Fitattun mutane masu sunan suna sun haɗa da: : * {{Interlanguage link|Anna Mutanen}} (1914-2003), mawaƙan wasan kwaikwayo na Finnish * Annikka Mutanen (an haife shi a shekara ta 1965), judoca na Finland * Sami Mutanen (an haife shi a shekara ta 1984), ɗan wasan hockey na kankara na Finland n10uvq4abqngd8wu5q1oembkc3jyhx6 826775 826774 2026-04-26T19:57:44Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 826775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Mutanen sunan mahaifi ne a Finnish.  Fitattun mutane masu sunan suna sun haɗa da: : * {{Interlanguage link|Anna Mutanen}} (1914-2003), mawaƙan wasan kwaikwayo na Finnish * Annikka Mutanen (an haife shi a shekara ta 1965), judoca na Finland * Sami Mutanen (an haife shi a shekara ta 1984), ɗan wasan hockey na kankara na Finland 8m2zzcex4f2r5yxl7hdt4k3edua9gp0 0 139695 826693 790916 2026-04-26T16:45:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Etta Baker''' (Maris 31, 1913 - Satumba 23, 2006) ta kasance mawaƙiya kuma mawaƙiya 'yar asalin Amurka ta Piedmont blues daga [[North Carolina]] . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == '''Etta''' <ref>name="npr">{{Cite web |last=Coukell |first=Allan |date=March 16, 2005 |title=Etta Baker, Legend of Piedmont Blues |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4536802 |access-date=2016-04-05 |website=Npr.org}}</ref> a gundumar <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Our State {{!}} Etta Baker, Blues Guitarist {{!}} Season 1000 |url=https://video.unctv.org/video/our-state-etta-baker-blues-guitarist/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018193458/https://video.unctv.org/video/our-state-etta-baker-blues-guitarist/ |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |access-date=2020-10-16 |website=Video.unctv.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Etta Baker Project |url=http://www.ettabakerproject.com/Etta_Baker_Project/Biography.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419182912/http://www.ettabakerproject.com/Etta_Baker_Project/Biography.html |archive-date=2016-04-19 |access-date=2016-04-05 |website=Ettabakerproject.com}}</ref> , [[Afirkawan Amurka|']] yar asalin <ref>{{Cite web |title=Etta Baker and Cora Phillips: Carolina Breakdown |url=http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/ettacora |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218032135/http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/ettacora |archive-date=February 18, 2006 |access-date=2017-12-04 |publisher=CD Baby}}</ref> Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Keysville, Virginia, a shekarar 1916. <ref name="oral">{{Cite web |title=Interview G-0253: Etta Baker, Southern Oral History Program Database |url=http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/sohp/id/19559/rec/1 |access-date=2016-04-05 |website=dc.lib.unc.edu |publisher=Louis Round Wilson Special Collections Library, UNC-Chapel Hill}}</ref> Akwai yara takwas na Reid, 'yan mata huɗu da maza huɗu. Duk sai ɗaya suka tsira har suka girma. Kowanne daga cikin 'yan'uwanta yana buga kayan kida. Lokaci-lokaci, Baker, mahaifinta, da 'yar'uwarta, Cora, suna yin wasa tare a rawa a daren Asabar. <ref name="npr">{{Cite web |last=Coukell |first=Allan |date=March 16, 2005 |title=Etta Baker, Legend of Piedmont Blues |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4536802 |access-date=2016-04-05 |website=Npr.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCoukell2005">Coukell, Allan (March 16, 2005). [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4536802 "Etta Baker, Legend of Piedmont Blues"]. ''Npr.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Boone Reid ta yi aiki a jere a shekarun 1910 da 1920, lokaci-lokaci tana ɗaukar aiki a masana'antu da wuraren jigilar jiragen ruwa a wasu jihohi. Sauran iyalin sun zauna tare da wani kawu. Lokacin da Etta Reid ta kai shekara 14, dukkan iyalin suna aiki a gonar taba a kudancin Virginia, wanda ke nufin suna tare. Ta daina makaranta bayan aji goma. <ref name="oral" /> An fara yin rikodin Baker a lokacin bazara na 1956, bayan da ita da mahaifinta suka haɗu da mawaƙin Paul Clayton yayin da suke ziyartar gidan Cone, a Blowing Rock, North Carolina, kusa da gidansu da ke Morganton. Mahaifin Baker ya roƙi Clayton da ya saurari 'yarsa tana buga alamarta "One Dime Blues". Clayton ya yi matuƙar farin ciki kuma ya isa gidan Baker da na'urar rikodinsa washegari, yana yin rikodin waƙoƙi da dama. Clayton ya yi rikodin waƙoƙin guitar guda biyar na Baker, waɗanda aka fitar a matsayin wani ɓangare na kundin waƙoƙin Instrumental Music of the Southern Appalachians na 1956, ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin banjo na Afirka ta Amurka da aka fitar a kasuwa. Ba a biya Baker kuɗi don waɗannan rikodin farko ba. Sai bayan da ta yi aiki da kamfanin Music Maker daga baya a rayuwata ne ta sami damar dawo da wannan waƙar. Baker ta ce ta sami kwarin gwiwa wajen yin waƙoƙi ta hanyar mafarkinta, tana mai cewa "kamar haɗa wasanin gwada kalmomi ne". <ref name=":0"/> Baker ya yi tasiri ga shahararrun mawakan kiɗa, ciki har da [[Bob Dylan]], Taj Mahal, da Kenny Wayne Shepherd . <ref name="npr"/> Etta ta auri Lee Baker, wani mai buga piano, a shekarar 1936 bayan sun shafe shekaru shida suna soyayya. Suna da 'ya'ya tara, daya daga cikinsu an kashe shi a yakin Vietnam a shekarar 1967, a wannan shekarar ne mijinta ya mutu. Na tsawon lokaci bayan wadannan mutuwar, ta daina wasa, amma ta ga ta rasa ta'aziyyar da blues suka kawo mata. <ref name="oral"/> Ta zauna a Morganton, North Carolina a karshe, kuma ta mutu tana da shekaru 93 a Fairfax, Virginia, yayin da take ziyartar 'yar da ta kamu da bugun jini. == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == Baker ta sami kyautar Tarihin Gadon Jama'a ta North Carolina daga Majalisar Fasaha ta North Carolina a shekarar 1989, wani tallafin karatu na kasa daga National Endowment for the Arts a shekarar 1991, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Etta Baker Project |url=http://www.ettabakerproject.com/Etta_Baker_Project/Biography.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419182912/http://www.ettabakerproject.com/Etta_Baker_Project/Biography.html |archive-date=2016-04-19 |access-date=2016-04-05 |website=Ettabakerproject.com}}</ref> da kuma North Carolina Award a shekarar 2003. An zaɓe ta don kyaututtukan kiɗa na Blues da dama (wanda a da ake kira WC Handy Blues Awards): a cikin rukunin Traditional Blues Female Artist a shekarar 1987 da 1989, da kuma kundin wakokinta ''Railroad Bill'' a cikin rukunin Kundin Acoustic a shekarar 2000. <ref name="blues">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2017 |title=Award Winners and Nominees [search] |url=https://blues.org/awards/ |access-date=2017-12-04 |website=blues.org |publisher=The Blues Foundation}}</ref> Tare da 'yar uwarta, Cora Phillips, ta sami kyautar Brown-Hudson Folklore Award daga [[North Carolina Folklore Society]] a shekarar 1982. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Etta Baker and Cora Phillips: Carolina Breakdown |url=http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/ettacora |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218032135/http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/ettacora |archive-date=February 18, 2006 |access-date=2017-12-04 |publisher=CD Baby}}</ref> == Kundin Waƙoƙi == * 1956 : ''Kiɗan Kayan Kiɗa na Kudancin Appalachians'' ( Tarihin Al'ada ; an sake buga shi a 1997) * 1991 : ''Blue Daya-Dime'' ( Mai Zagaye ) * 1998 : ''Tarin Banjo na North Carolina'', masu fasaha daban-daban (Rounder) * 1999 : ''Layin Jirgin Ƙasa'' ( Mai Ƙirƙirar Waƙa ) * 2004 : ''Etta Baker tare da Taj Mahal'' ( Mai Shirya Waƙa 50) * 2005 : ''Carolina Breakdown'', tare da [[Cora Phillips]] ( Mai Shirya Waƙa 56) * 2006 : ''Knoxville Rag'', tare da Kenny Wayne Shepherd, an fitar da shi a CD a matsayin ''10 Days Out: Blues from the Backroads'', tare da DVD da ke nuna Shepherd and Baker suna buga guitar a cikin ɗakin girkinta ( Reprise Records ) * 2009: "Banjo" ( Mai Shirya Waƙa ) * 2015: Sake Fitar da Vinyl na "Lambar Jirgin Ƙasa" ( Mai ƙera Waƙa ) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==   * {{AllMusic|artist/etta-baker-mn0000207759}} * Etta Baker discography at Discogs * [http://www.musicmaker.org/artists/index.php?bandid=2 Etta Baker page] from Music Maker Relief Foundation * [http://www.ettabakerproject.com/ Etta Baker Project] Site to "promote and preserve the rich musical legacy of Etta Baker". Information, links and guitar tabs. * [https://www.davidholt.com/mentors/etta-baker/ Etta Baker] David Holt's memoirs of his mentor. * {{Cite web |title=Music Maker Relief Foundation Biography page |url=http://www.musicmaker.org/artists/index.php?bandid=2 |access-date=2007-09-24}} * [http://worldmusiccentral.org/2006/09/25/renowned-piedmont-blues-guitarist-etta-baker-dies-at-93/ Obituary]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.musicmaker.org/artists/index.php?bandid=2 Etta Baker MP3s], from Music Maker Relief Foundation * [http://www.floridamemory.com/Collections/folklife/folklife_cd2.cfm Live recording of "One Dime Blues," performed by Baker] (track 7, recorded at the 1994 Florida Folk Festival and made available for public use by the State Archives of Florida) * [https://sites.google.com/view/ladyplaystheblues/the-artists/etta-baker-1913-2006 Etta Baker page] from [https://sites.google.com/view/ladyplaystheblues/ Lady Plays the Blues Project] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2006]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1913]] gfs7d9hsmy4xu82z5ka0jeuej4e84db 0 139723 826852 791137 2026-04-27T03:26:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826852 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Leonard Frank''' "'''Fritz'''" ''''Shurmur''' (15 ga Yuli, 1932 - 30 ga Agusta, 1999) ya kasance kocin ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka.[1] Ya yi horo a Jami'ar Wyoming daga 1962 zuwa 1974, huɗu na ƙarshe a matsayin babban koci, inda ya tattara rikodin 15-29. Daga baya Shurmur ya zama mataimakin koci a Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Ƙasa (NFL) tare da Detroit Lions (1975-1977), New England Patriots (1978-1981), Los Angeles Rams (1982-1990), Phoenix Cardinals (1991-1993), da Green Bay Packers (1994-1998). Shi ne mai kula da tsaron gida wanda ya yi nasara a Super Bowl XXXI, bayan kakar wasa ta 1996, kuma shi ne kawun tsohon kocin New York Giants (2018-2019) Pat Shurmur.  Kocin Shurmur shi ma ya rubuta littattafai da dama game da tsaro, ciki har da Coaching Team Defensive (1989), Coaching the Defensive Line (1997) da kuma The Eagle Five Linebacker Defense (1993). == Rayuwa ta farko == An ba shi suna "Fritz" tun yana jariri bayan cocker spaniel na kakansa, Shurmur ya girma a Wyandotte, Michigan, kudancin [[Detroit]], tare da iyayensa da ɗan'uwansa, Joseph . Dan uwansa Pat Shurmur shine tsohon kocin New York Giants; ya kasance babban kocin Cleveland Browns daga 2011 zuwa 2012 kuma ya yi aiki a wasu mukamai na kocin tare da wasu kungiyoyin NFL, gami da wasa daya a matsayin kocin wucin gadi na Philadelphia Eagles. Mahaifin Shurmur ma'aikacin ma'aikata ne na tsawon shekaru 49 a unguwar Detroit . <ref name="DefGen">{{Cite web |title=Green Bay's defensive genius |url=http://archive.southcoasttoday.com/daily/01-98/01-19-98/d09sp118.htm |access-date=May 7, 2008 |website=South Coast Daily |archive-date=January 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120093443/http://www.southcoasttoday.com/section/archive |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iyayen Shurmur sau biyu sun sake ba da kuɗin gidan iyali don haka Fritz da ɗan'uwansa za su iya samun damar halartar Kwalejin Albion.<ref name="DefGen" /> Shurmur ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Theodore Roosevelt da ke Wyandotte. Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1950, ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji a Kwalejin Albion da ke Albion, mil ɗari (kilomita 160) a yammacin Detroit. Shurmur ya buga wasa a tsakiya, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA), kuma an naɗa shi ɗan wasa mafi daraja a taron. A matsayin ƙarin ƙwallon ƙafa, Shurmur ya kuma buga ƙwallon baseball a Albion, inda ya sami lambar yabo ta duk taron..<ref name="PackNews">{{Cite web |title=Fritz Shurmur, Former Packers Defensive Coordinator, Dies at 67 |url=http://www.packers.com/news/releases/1999/08/08-30b.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050205161844/http://www.packers.com/news/releases/1999/08/08-30b.html |archive-date=February 5, 2005 |access-date=May 7, 2008 |website=Green Bay Packers}}</ref> == Ayyukan horarwa == Shurmur ya zama mataimakin digiri a shekara 22 a shekara ta 1954, a karkashin kocin Albion Morley Fraser . Bayan ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimi a shekarar 1956, ya zauna a Albion a matsayin mai kula da tsaro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fritz Shurmur Education Institute |url=http://www.albion.edu/edi/ |access-date=May 7, 2008 |website=Albion College }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekara ta 1962, Shurmur ya koma Jami'ar Wyoming a matsayin kocin tsaro a karkashin kocin shekara ta farko Lloyd Eaton, wanda aka inganta bayan tashiwar Bob Devaney zuwa Nebraska. Cowboys sun lashe lambobin WAC uku a jere (1966-1968), wanda ya hada da bayyanar Sugar Bowl bayan kakar 1967. Bayan kakar 1-9 a shekarar 1970, Eaton ya yi murabus kuma an kara Shurmur zuwa babban kocin; yana da rikodin 15-29 (.341) a cikin yanayi hudu (1971-1974). [6][7][8]{{Nowrap|([[1971 Wyoming Cowboys football team|1971]]–1974).<ref>{{cite web| work=College Football Data Warehouse| url=http://www.cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/coaching/alltime_coach_year_by_year.php?coachid=2147| title=Wyoming Coaching Record| access-date=July 8, 2009| archive-date=February 14, 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214215913/http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/coaching/alltime_coach_year_by_year.php?coachid=2147| url-status=dead}}</ref>}} === Ayyukan NFL === Daga 1975 zuwa 1999, Shurmur ya kasance kocin tsaro a gasar kwallon kafa ta kasa tare da kungiyoyi shida. Ya horar da Detroit Lions, New England Patriots, Los Angeles Rams, Phoenix Cardinals, Green Bay Packers, da Seattle Seahawks. Shekaru goma sha tara daga cikin waɗannan shekarun ya kasance mai kula da tsaro. Lokacinsa tare da Lions ya zo ƙarshe lokacin da aka kore shi tare da kocin Tommy Hudspeth da sauran ma'aikatan a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1978. A duk lokacin da yake aiki, Shurmur an san shi da yawa a matsayin sabon tunani game da tsaro. Shurmur ya girmama salon horar da shi daga takwarorinsa a cikin sana'arsa don basirar tsaro. Misali, a cikin 1992 tare da Cardinals, Shurmur dole ne ya tsara wani shiri lokacin da 'yan wasa biyu suka ji rauni. Ya haɓaka tsaron "Big Nickel", wanda ya yi amfani da baya biyar masu tsaron gida kusa da layin scrimmage don gaggauta mai wucewa ko komawa cikin ɗaukar hoto. Shurmur ya zama mai kula da tsaron gida na Green Bay a shekarar 1994 a ƙarƙashin kocin Mike Holmgren; a kakar wasa ta uku da ya yi tare da ƙungiyar a shekarar 1996, Packers ya lashe Super Bowl XXXI a kan New England Patriots a watan Janairun 1997. Lokacin da Holmgren ya karɓi mukamai biyu na babban koci da babban manaja tare da Seattle a shekarar 1999, Shurmur ya tafi tare da shi a matsayin mai kula da tsaron gida. A watan Mayu, an gano yana da cutar kansar makogwaro da hanta; ya mutu a gidansa da ke Wisconsin a ƙarshen watan Agusta, kafin ya taɓa horar da wasa da {{Nowrap|the Seahawks.<ref name=srapobit/>}} == Rubuce-rubucen kocin == {{CFB Yearly Record Start|type=coach|team=|conf=|bowl=|poll=no}} {{CFB Yearly Record Subhead|name=[[Wyoming Cowboys football|Wyoming Cowboys]]|conf=[[Western Athletic Conference]]|startyear=1971|endyear=1974}} {{CFB Yearly Record Entry|championship=|year=[[1971 NCAA University Division football season|1971]]|name=[[1971 Wyoming Cowboys football team|Wyoming]]|overall=5–6|conference=3–4|confstanding=T–4th|bowlname=|bowloutcome=|bcsbowl=|ranking=no|ranking2=no}} {{CFB Yearly Record Entry|championship=|year=[[1972 NCAA University Division football season|1972]]|name=[[1972 Wyoming Cowboys football team|Wyoming]]|overall=4–7|conference=3–4|confstanding=5th|bowlname=|bowloutcome=|bcsbowl=|ranking=no|ranking2=no}} {{CFB Yearly Record Entry|championship=|year=[[1973 NCAA Division I football season|1973]]|name=[[1973 Wyoming Cowboys football team|Wyoming]]|overall=4–7|conference=3–4|confstanding=T–4th|bowlname=|bowloutcome=|bcsbowl=|ranking=no|ranking2=no}} {{CFB Yearly Record Entry|championship=|year=[[1974 NCAA Division I football season|1974]]|name=[[1974 Wyoming Cowboys football team|Wyoming]]|overall=2–9|conference=1–6|confstanding=8th|bowlname=|bowloutcome=|bcsbowl=|ranking=no|ranking2=no}} {{CFB Yearly Record Subtotal|name=Wyoming|overall=15–29|confrecord=10–18}} {{CFB Yearly Record End|overall=15–29|bowls=no|poll=no|polltype=|legend=no}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m17rbak815eqbh8kxibeecivfdy62j1 0 139843 826845 791693 2026-04-27T01:56:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Frances M. Beal''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Fran Beal''', (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Janairu, 1940, a Binghamton, New York ) ' yar asalin ƙasar Amurka ce kuma mai fafutukar [[Siyasa|kare]] haƙƙin mata a fannin zaman lafiya da adalci. <ref> name="accessmylibrary1">{{Cite web |title=Cengage Learning |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-186998743/excerpts-voices-feminism-oral.html |access-date=2015-10-16 |publisher=Accessmylibrary.com}}</ref> Hankalinta ya fi karkata ne ga haƙƙin mata, adalcin launin fata, yaƙi da yaƙi da aikin zaman lafiya, da kuma haɗin kan ƙasashen duniya. Beal ta kasance memba ta farko a Kwamitin 'Yantar da Baƙar fata na SNCC, wanda daga baya ya rikide zuwa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya ta Uku . <ref> name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Hartmann |first=Maureen |date=7 May 2015 |title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women |url=http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ |website=The Street Spirit}}</ref> An fi saninta da littafinta, " Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female ", wanda ke nuna alaƙar zalunci tsakanin launin fata, aji, da jinsi. Beal a halin yanzu yana zaune a Oakland, California . <ref name="accessmylibrary1" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Beal a Binghamton, NY, ga Charlotte Berman Yates da Ernest Yates. Mahaifiyar Beal, Charlotte Berman Yates, an haife ta ne a Amurka ga baƙin haure 'yan Rasha-Yahudawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda suka tsere daga Rasha bayan sun yi tawaye ga Sarkin Rasha mai adawa da Yahudawa. <ref> name=":9">{{Cite web |date=1990–2014 |title=Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories |url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657}}</ref> Mahaifin Beal, Ernest Yates, Ba'amurke ne baƙar fata wanda ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Syracuse da digiri a fannin Injiniyan Jama'a. Bayan komawa Binghamton, mahaifin Beal ya fuskanci wariya da wariyar launin fata, bai sami damar samun aikin injiniya ba kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama direban babbar mota har tsawon rayuwarsa. Beal ta bayyana yadda aka renon ta a matsayin mai wahala, amma ta yarda da tasirin da take da shi kan tsara tunaninta na siyasa. Tun tana ƙarama, ta yi shawarwari kan fafutukar siyasa mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce tsakanin iyayenta da buƙatar zama memba. A wata hira da ta yi da ita, ta furta: "Ina iya tunawa a lokacin da nake ƙarama ana jin kunya. Me ya sa mahaifiyata dole ta yi haka?" tana cewa "ba ki son iyayenki su bambanta da kowa ba; a wani mataki, kina koyo game da rashin adalci." <ref> name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Hartmann |first=Maureen |date=7 May 2015 |title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women |url=http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ |website=The Street Spirit}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHartmann2015">Hartmann, Maureen (7 May 2015). [http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ "Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women"]. ''The Street Spirit''.</cite></ref> Mahaifiyarta ta koya mata cewa tana da alhakin zamantakewa na kashin kanta da na siyasa don fuskantar rashin daidaito da ita da wasu ke fuskanta. <ref name=":2" /> A Binghamton, mahaifiyar Beal ta karɓi baƙuncin ƙungiyoyin nazarin Marxism Leninism, ba tare da son masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, fararen fata a garin ba. <ref name=":9"/> Kasancewar ta kasance tare da iyaye masu ci gaba ya gabatar da ita ga rashin adalci a duniya. Daga ƙarshe ta yi amfani da yadda take ji na ƙaura zuwa ƙoƙarin zama mafi kyau a komai, ta mayar da rashin jin daɗinta zuwa fafutukar siyasa, tana bin iyayenta. Bayan mutuwar mahaifinta, ta ƙaura zuwa St. Albans, wani unguwa mai haɗin gwiwa a Queens . A lokacin da Beal ke da shekaru goma sha biyar, an kashe Emmett Till, 'yar shekara goma sha huɗu - wacce asalinta daga Chicago ce - a Mississippi. Beal ta yi matukar sha'awar Till kuma wannan lamari ya motsa ta ta ci gaba da fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a. <ref name=":9"/> [[Fayil:Logo_SNCC.svg|thumb|Tambarin Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Dalibai Masu Zaman Kansu]] A shekarar 1958, Beal ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Andrew Jackson kuma ta halarci Jami'ar Wisconsin. A can, ta shiga ayyukan kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da siyasa ta gurguzu. <ref name=":9"/> A shekararta ta biyu, Beal ta tafi ƙasar waje zuwa Faransa, inda ta shiga harkokin siyasar Kwaminisanci ta auri James Beal kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Hartmann |first=Maureen |date=7 May 2015 |title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women |url=http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ |website=The Street Spirit}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHartmann2015">Hartmann, Maureen (7 May 2015). [http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ "Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women"]. ''The Street Spirit''.</cite></ref> Beal da mijinta sun zauna a [[Faransa]] daga 1959 zuwa 1966 yayin da take halartar Sorbonne . A Sorbonne, Beal ta binciki akidun hagu ta hanyar shagunan sayar da littattafai na gida da hulɗa da ƙungiyar 'Yantar da Aljeriya ta Ƙasa (FLN). A shekarar 1965, Beal ta shirya wa Malcolm X ziyara a Paris don jagorantar tattaunawa kan Pan-Africanism da kuma ƙasashen duniya. <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Frances Beal: A Revolutionary Woman – The College of Arts & Sciences at Texas A&M University |url=https://liberalarts.tamu.edu/blog/2022/03/01/frances-beal-a-revolutionary-woman/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=liberalarts.tamu.edu }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan shekaru shida na aure, sun koma Amurka suka fara aiki tare da SNCC (Kwamitin Daidaita Ɗalibai Masu Zaman Kansu). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Street |date=2015-05-07 |title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women |url=https://thestreetspirit.org/2015/05/06/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Street Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> Beal ta fahimci yaƙin da ake yi na kawo ƙarshen mulkin mallaka a [[Aljeriya]] yayin da take karatu a ƙasashen waje a Jami'ar Sorbonne, wanda ya haifar da saninta na siyasa da sha'awar adalci a zamantakewa. <ref name=":2" /> == Tsarin siyasa == A shekarar 1958, Beal ta fara aiki a fannin fafutukar siyasa tare da Jami'ar Wisconsin NAACP, a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaba, inda ta fuskanci takunkumin ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda ya hana ta shiga harkokin siyasar Amurka. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=22 March 2012 |title=Women's History Month 2012: Frances M. Beal |url=https://hulshofschmidt.wordpress.com/2012/03/22/womens-history-month-2012-frances-m-beal/ |access-date=2016-02-24 |website=Social Justice For All}}</ref> Bisa wahayi daga wani malamin hasashen siyasa daga SNCC, Beal da sauran jami'ar Wisconsin NAACP sun gudanar da zanga-zangar lumana a wajen wani gidan Woolworth kusa da kwalejin don nuna goyon baya ga kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a ta SNCC a Kudu. Bayan suka daga babin manya na NAACP, Beal ya dauki mataki na baya daga fafutukar siyasa. <ref name=":9"/> Beal ta sake shiga cikin harkokin siyasa ta hanyar shiga SNCC a lokacin Motsin 'Yancin Bil'adama. A lokacin da take can, ayyukan SNCC sun koma ga ikon Baƙar fata da maza ke mamaye. Beal da abokan aikinta mata sun yi aiki a cikin ƙungiyar kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar, amma ba a san su da matsayin jagoranci ba. Yayin da tsarin ubangida ya rinjayi tsarin SNCC, launin fata ya zama babban batun da aka magance. Bayan damuwa da take da shi game da haƙƙin mata, Beal ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Mata. Saboda ƙarancin matsayin mata a cikin ƙungiyoyin da maza ke mamaye kamar SNCC, ta haɗu da kafa Kwamitin 'Yantar da Baƙar fata na SNCC a 1968, tare da Mae Jackson da Gwendolyn Patton. Beal ta nuna koke-kokenta a cikin fim ɗin She's Beautiful When She's Angry, tana mai cewa, "Na kasance a Kwamitin Kula da Harkokin 'Yancin Ɗalibai. Kana magana ne game da 'yanci da 'yanci rabin dare a ɓangaren launin fata, sannan kwatsam maza za su juya su fara magana game da sanya ka a matsayinka. Don haka a shekarar 1968 muka kafa Kwamitin 'Yantar da Baƙar fata na SNCC don ɗaukar wasu daga cikin waɗannan batutuwa." <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=The Film — She's Beautiful When She's Angry |url=http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811001945/http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film |archive-date=2019-08-11 |access-date=2017-04-28 |publisher=Shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com}}</ref> Kwamitin 'Yantar da Baƙar fata na SNCC ya koma cikin ƙungiyar mata ta Duniya ta Uku a shekarar 1969, inda aka shigar da matan Puerto Rico cikin ƙungiyar. <ref name=":3"/> <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2021-07-22 |title=At the Intersection of Race, Gender, and Class: Honoring the Revolutionary Feminist Legacy of the Third World Women's Alliance |url=https://www.blackwomenradicals.com/blog-feed/at-the-intersections-of-race-gender-and-class-honoring-the-revolutionary-feminist-legacy-of-the-third-world-womens-alliance |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=Black Women Radicals |language=en-US}}</ref> TWWA ƙungiya ce da ke birnin New York, wadda ta himmatu wajen taimaka wa mata da al'ummomi da aka ware a duniya a fafutukar neman adalci a zamantakewa. Ƙungiyar ta gina bisa tsarin Marxist da Nationalist. <ref name=":11" /> TWWA ta haɗa da babban matsayi na siyasa a tsakanin al'ummomi, tana amincewa da zalunci daga ɓangarorin da suka haɗu kamar launin fata, aji, jinsi, jari-hujja, mulkin mallaka, da iyawa. <ref name=":11" /> A lokacin da take aiki a SNCC, Beal da abokan aikinta sun fara damuwa game da batutuwan mata, musamman cin zarafi kan adalcin haihuwa na mata baƙaƙe ta hanyar tilasta musu yin haila. <ref name=":2"/> Ga Beal, adalcin haihuwa ya kasance na sirri yayin da abokin Beal daga makarantar sakandare ya mutu sakamakon zubar da ciki a bayan titi. <ref name=":10"/> Ta kasance mai himma a cikin CESA, [[Committee to End Sterilization Abuse|Kwamitin Kawo Karshen Cin Zarafin Haihuwa]] . Wannan ƙungiya ta yi fafutuka don taimaka wa mata matalauta masu launin fata waɗanda aka yi wa niyya ba bisa ƙa'ida ba kuma aka tilasta musu yin haila ba tare da son rai ba samun adalcin haihuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Street |date=2015-05-07 |title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women |url=https://thestreetspirit.org/2015/05/06/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Street Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan barin SNCC, Beal ta yi tafiya a ƙasar sosai kuma ta yi aiki don tsarawa da ƙarfafa mata baƙaƙe ta hanyar shigarta ta siyasa a Majalisar Ƙasa ta Mata Baƙaƙe da kuma aikinta ta hanyar Project Woman Power. Beal ta kuma buga wasiƙar labarai ta Majalisar Ƙasa ta Mata Baƙaƙe: The Black Woman. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=1990–2014 |title=Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories |url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657 "Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories"]. 1990–2014.</cite></ref> A shekarar 1969, Beal ta rubuta wani muƙala da ta yi magana game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin mata Baƙaƙe da ke fuskanta a gwagwarmayarsu ta haɗin gwiwa ta Baƙaƙe, mai suna " Jefa Biyu: Don Zama Baƙaƙe da Mata ". A cikin wannan muƙala, Beal ta soki tsarin jari-hujja, haƙƙin haihuwa, da siyasantar da zamantakewa, yayin da take amincewa da matsayin musamman na Mata Baƙaƙe a cikin, a cikin al'umma mai ra'ayin mazan jiya. Wannan takarda ta zama matsayin hukuma na SNCC kan mata. Wannan muƙala wani ɓangare ne na tarihin shirya mata Baƙaƙe, inda aikinta "ya yi daidai da wasu muƙaloli da ke bincika mahadar launin fata da jinsi a rayuwar mata Baƙaƙe, musamman ma, hukumar siyasa ta mata Baƙaƙen Amurka". Ta kuma kasance memba a [[National Anti-Racist Organizing Committee|Kwamitin Shirya Yaƙi da Wariyar Launin Fata na Ƙasa]], wanda ya mayar da hankali kan siyasar yaƙi da wariyar Launin Fata kuma ya mai da hankali kan shirya ƙasa. <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |date=April 2015 |title=The Best of the Black Scholar: The Black Women |journal=The Black Scholar |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=79–80 |doi=10.1080/00064246.1981.11414224}}</ref> Ta hanyar tsarinta, Beal ta fuskanci gwamnatoci daban-daban na zalunci waɗanda suka haɗa da dangantaka mai sarkakiya ta iko wadda ta rage wa mata baƙaƙen fata 'yancinsu musamman. Tsarin siyasarta ya yi ƙoƙarin magance rashin daidaito a tsarin mulki da kuma ƙarfafa ƙungiyoyin da aka ware. == Aikin Jarida == Baya ga shigarta cikin ƙungiyoyi, Beal ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin marubuciya da edita. Ta kasance mataimakiyar edita ta ''The Black Scholar'' kuma ta yi rahoto ga San Francisco Bay View . Beal kuma edita ce ta jaridar TWWA, ''Triple Jeopardy, The Black Woman's Voice for the National Council of Negro Women'', kuma edita ce mai ba da gudummawa ga ''Line of March, wani Mujallar Ka'idar Marxist-Leninist'' . <ref name=":3"/> <ref name=":5"/> == Littattafai == Beal ya rubuta wani muƙala mai suna "Bawan Bawa Babu Ƙari: Mata Baƙaƙe a Gwagwarmaya", wanda aka buga a shekarar 1975 kuma ya bayyana a cikin bugu na 6 na ''littafin The Black Scholar'' . <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Beal |first=Frances |date=March 1975 |title=Slave of A Slave No More: Black Women in Struggle |journal=The Black Scholar |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=2–10 |doi=10.1080/00064246.1975.11431488 |jstor=41065823}}</ref> Wannan muƙala ta yi magana game da ra'ayoyin maza Baƙaƙen da suka fi yawa a zamanin 'Yancin Bil'adama. Ta yi jayayya cewa mata Baƙaƙe an ƙara musu cin zarafi da zalunci saboda 'yan'uwansu Baƙaƙe suna riƙe da akidu masu alaƙa da jinsi a cikin abin da ya kamata ya zama yaƙin gama gari don adalci na zamantakewa. <ref name=":8" /> A shekarar 1969, ta buga "Baƙar fata Mata Manifesto; Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female". Ta bayyana yanayin zaluncin musamman na mata 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa a cikin umarnin nuna wariya ga mata da wariyar launin fata kuma ta tsara hukumar mata 'yan Baƙar fata. Daga baya an yi wa wannan ƙasidar kwaskwarima sannan aka buga ta a cikin ''The Black Woman'', wani littafi da Toni Cade Bambara ta shirya a shekarar 1970. An sake fasalin sigar "Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female" kuma ta bayyana a cikin littafin tarihin 1970 ''Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings From The Women's Liberation Movement'', wanda Robin Morgan ya shirya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Street |date=2015-05-07 |title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women |url=https://thestreetspirit.org/2015/05/06/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Street Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> An nuna shi a cikin ''The Black Scholar'' a shekarar 1975. A shekara ta 2002, Beal ta rubuta wani kasida mai suna "Gasar Frederick Douglass don Zamaninmu", inda ta ambaci gogewar gwagwarmayar mulkin mallaka da ba a manta da ita ba a Ranar 'Yanci kuma ta yi amfani da ita daga Frederick Douglass don tunatar da mutane "'Yanci gwagwarmaya ce ta dindindin." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Street |date=2015-05-07 |title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women |url=https://thestreetspirit.org/2015/05/06/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Street Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> An nuna Beal a cikin shirin tarihi na 2013 ''mai suna Feminist: Stories from Women's Liberation'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Street |date=2015-05-07 |title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women |url=https://thestreetspirit.org/2015/05/06/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Street Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> Kwanan nan, a shekarar 2014, an nuna Beal a cikin fim ɗin tarihin mata mai suna ''She's Beautiful When She's Angry'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Street |date=2015-05-07 |title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women |url=https://thestreetspirit.org/2015/05/06/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Street Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> == Gado == Aikin Fran Beal, musamman rubutunta mai suna Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female, an san shi a matsayin tushen tunanin mata na baƙar fata da kuma ra'ayin haɗin gwiwa. Bincikenta na bambancin launin fata da zaluncin jinsi ya rinjayi masu ra'ayin mata na baya-bayan nan, kamar Audre Lorde, bell hooks, da Angela Davis, waɗanda suka faɗaɗa aikinta don magance yanayin asali da zalunci da ke da alaƙa. Sukar Beal game da iyakokin mata na yau da kullun ya taimaka wajen haɓaka ƙungiyar Combahee River Collective, wacce Bayanin Haɗin gwiwar Combahee River ya ƙara bayyana hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa ga fafutuka. Daga baya Kimberlé Crenshaw ta tsara hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa, amma ta yarda cewa Beal da sauran masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na mata sun shimfida harsashin aiki. Yaƙin neman zaɓen Beal ta hanyar TWWA ya faɗaɗa tasirinta a duk duniya, yana haɗa fafutukar mata ta Amurka da ƙungiyoyin 'yanci a Kudancin Duniya, yana haɓaka haɗin kai tsakanin mata masu launin fata game da mulkin mallaka da cin zarafin tattalin arziki, da kuma yin magana kan haƙƙin zubar da ciki da cin zarafin hana haihuwa. Ayyukanta har yanzu suna da tasiri a fannoni na ilimi kamar nazarin jinsi da zamantakewa, inda ake yawan ambaton ''Double Jeopardy'' a cikin tattaunawa kan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Street |date=2015-05-07 |title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women |url=https://thestreetspirit.org/2015/05/06/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Street Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> A yau, gadonta ya daɗe ta hanyar ilimin mata da fafutukar mata wanda ke jaddada hanyoyi daban-daban na adalci ga zamantakewa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tqi8offmmiwej70m2et9uaon6j1urjw 0 139919 826648 792005 2026-04-26T12:36:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ella M. Bully-Cummings''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1958) jami'in 'yan sanda ne [[Tarayyar Amurka|na Amurka]] wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Sashen 'Yan Sandan Detroit daga 2003 zuwa 2008. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Bully-Cummings a [[Japan]], ita ce ta biyu a cikin 'ya'ya takwas na wani mai gyaran gida [[Afirkawan Amurka|ɗan asalin Afirka]] kuma wani mai dafa abinci ɗan asalin Japan. Iyayenta sun haɗu ne lokacin da mahaifinta yake aiki a rundunar sojojin Amurka a matsayin wani ɓangare na rundunar sojojin Amurka . Iyalin sun zauna a Detroit, garin da mahaifinta ya haife shi [[Mississippi (jiha)|a Mississippi]], kafin ta kai shekara biyu. <ref> name="ABC-POTW">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Person of the Week: Ella Bully-Cummings |url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/PersonOfWeek/story?id=131845&page=1 |website=ABC News}}</ref> A lokacin da take makarantar sakandare tana aiki a wani gidan sinima, kuma tsakanin kammala karatunta na sakandare zuwa shiga rundunar 'yan sanda a shekarar 1977 ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar gudanarwa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Redford kuma ta sayar da gidaje . <ref> name="ABC-POTW">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Person of the Week: Ella Bully-Cummings |url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/PersonOfWeek/story?id=131845&page=1 |website=ABC News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/PersonOfWeek/story?id=131845&page=1 "Person of the Week: Ella Bully-Cummings"]. ''ABC News''.</cite></ref> Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Henry Ford Junior a Highland Park, Michigan, kuma ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Cass Technical . Bully-Cummings ta taimaka wa iyayenta wajen biyan kuɗin karatun 'yan uwanta har zuwa ƙuruciyarta a rundunar 'yan sanda. Ta je jami'a da kanta yayin da take aiki a rundunar 'yan sanda bayan ta taimaka wajen biyan kuɗin 'yan uwanta biyar. A watan Disamba na 1993, Bully-Cummings ta kammala karatunta da girmamawa daga Jami'ar Madonna tare da digiri na farko a fannin gudanar da harkokin gwamnati. <ref> name="DPbio">{{Cite web |title=Chief of Police: Ella M. Bully-Cummings, Esq |url=http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/Departments/PoliceDepartment/ChiefofPolice/tabid/487/Default.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908045922/http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/Departments/PoliceDepartment/ChiefofPolice/tabid/487/Default.aspx |archive-date=8 September 2008 |publisher=[[Detroit Police Department]]}}</ref> Daga nan ta ci gaba da kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Shari'a ta Jami'ar Jihar Michigan tare da digiri na JD a watan Janairun 1998, kuma aka rantsar da ita a matsayin Lauya ta Jihar Michigan a watan Mayun 1998. == Sana'a == Bully-Cummings ta shiga makarantar 'yan sanda a shekarar 1977. <ref> name="ABC-POTW">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Person of the Week: Ella Bully-Cummings |url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/PersonOfWeek/story?id=131845&page=1 |website=ABC News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/PersonOfWeek/story?id=131845&page=1 "Person of the Week: Ella Bully-Cummings"]. ''ABC News''.</cite></ref> <ref> name="DPbio">{{Cite web |title=Chief of Police: Ella M. Bully-Cummings, Esq |url=http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/Departments/PoliceDepartment/ChiefofPolice/tabid/487/Default.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908045922/http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/Departments/PoliceDepartment/ChiefofPolice/tabid/487/Default.aspx |archive-date=8 September 2008 |publisher=[[Detroit Police Department]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080908045922/http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/Departments/PoliceDepartment/ChiefofPolice/tabid/487/Default.aspx "Chief of Police: Ella M. Bully-Cummings, Esq"]. [[Detroit Police Department]]. Archived from [http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/Departments/PoliceDepartment/ChiefofPolice/tabid/487/Default.aspx the original] on 8 September 2008.</cite></ref> A tsakiyar shekarun 1980 ta yi aiki a Detroit Free Press a matsayin mai karɓar baƙi, sakatare, da kuma mataimakiyar gudanarwa lokacin da aka kori ɗaruruwan jami'an 'yan sanda saboda rage kasafin kuɗi. Bayan ta koma rundunar, ta kai matsayin sajent a shekarar 1987. Ta ci gaba da samun matsayi a sashen ta hanyar zama laftanar a shekarar 1993 da kuma kwamanda a shekarar 1998. A watan Yulin 1999 ta yi ritaya daga ma'aikatar don zama lauyan ma'aikata da farko a Miller, Canfield, Paddock da Stone PLC, sannan a Foley &amp;amp; Lardner, sannan a ƙarshe ta koma Miller Canfield. Ta wakilci gudanarwa a shari'o'in aiki da suka shafi wariya ta tarayya da ta jiha. A shekara ta 2002, Magajin Gari Kwame Kilpatrick ya sake kiranta ta aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Babban Jami'in 'Yan Sanda, mace ta farko da aka naɗa a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar 'yan sanda a Detroit. An ɗora mata alhakin kula da ayyukan gudanarwa, horarwa, ma'aikata, kimiyya da fasaha, da kuma ofisoshin kula da haɗari, waɗanda aka fi sani da "Takardar Gudanarwa". Bayan murabus ɗin Cif Jerry Oliver a shekara ta 2003, an naɗa Bully-Cummings a matsayin shugabar riƙon ƙwarya. Ta zama shugabar dindindin a shekara ta 2004. A ƙarƙashin jagorancinta, a shekara ta 2004, Sashen 'Yan Sanda na Detroit ya gano raguwa mafi girma a manyan laifuka a cikin shekaru 41, da kuma raguwar rikodin da ta kai kashi 15.2% a cikin laifukan tashin hankali . <ref name="DPbio">{{Cite web |title=Chief of Police: Ella M. Bully-Cummings, Esq |url=http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/Departments/PoliceDepartment/ChiefofPolice/tabid/487/Default.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908045922/http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/Departments/PoliceDepartment/ChiefofPolice/tabid/487/Default.aspx |archive-date=8 September 2008 |publisher=[[Detroit Police Department]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080908045922/http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/Departments/PoliceDepartment/ChiefofPolice/tabid/487/Default.aspx "Chief of Police: Ella M. Bully-Cummings, Esq"]. [[Detroit Police Department]]. Archived from [http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/Departments/PoliceDepartment/ChiefofPolice/tabid/487/Default.aspx the original] on 8 September 2008.</cite></ref> 'Yan sandan Detroit suna ƙarƙashin kulawar Alkalin Gundumar Amurka Julian Abele Cook Jr. har zuwa 2008 a cikin wani bincike da Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka ta gudanar. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An gurfanar da Bully-Cummings a gaban kotu bisa raina kotu a ƙarshen shekarar 2005 saboda rashin mayar da sufeto huɗu da kwamandoji uku kan mukamansu, waɗanda aka sallame su a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake fasalin sashen 'yan sanda don adana kuɗi. An kori jimillar 'yan sanda 150. === Baƙar magana === An ambaci sunan Magajin Gari Kilpatrick, Shugaban Ma'aikatansa Christine Beatty da Bully-Cummings a cikin wata ƙara da jami'an 'yan sandan Detroit Zack Weishuhn da Patrick Tomsic suka shigar, waɗanda suka yi iƙirarin cewa jami'an birnin sun yi musu batanci a kafafen yaɗa labarai Karar ta samo asali ne daga wani lamari da ya faru a shekarar 2004 inda 'yan sanda biyu suka ja Beatty saboda gudun da ya yi. Jami'an sun yi ikirarin cewa Beatty ta fusata da aka tsayar da ita, kuma suka tambayi jami'an a fili, "Shin kun san ko ni wanene?" lokacin da jami'an suka zo wurin motar. <ref name="Slander2">{{Cite web |date=2005-11-30 |title=Cop Talk |url=http://www.metrotimes.com/editorial/story.asp?id=8568 |access-date=2008-01-27 |publisher=The MetroTimes }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jami'an sun yi zargin cewa, yayin da Beatty ta tsaya, ta kira Bully-Cummings don a dakatar da jami'an, wanda aka umarce su da su yi. Lokacin da rahotannin lamarin suka fara bayyana a kafafen yada labarai, Bully-Cummings ya ce jami'an sun ci zarafin Beatty, kuma Kilpatrick ya ce tasha "ta yi kama da wani tsari". <ref name="Slander1">{{Cite web |last=SCHMITT |first=BEN |date=2008-01-25 |title=SLANDER SUIT Cops who stopped Beatty rethink |url=http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080125/NEWS01/801250362/1001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127120208/http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080125/NEWS01/801250362/1001 |archive-date=2008-01-27 |access-date=2008-01-27 |publisher=The Detroit Free}}</ref> A wani ɓangare na sulhu, Majalisar Birnin Detroit ta kaɗa ƙuri'a don amincewa da shawarar sulhu ta dala $25,000 ga jami'an biyu a watan Fabrairun 2008, bayan da a baya ta ƙi amincewa da yarjejeniyar sau biyu. <ref>Hackney, Suzette and Schmitt, Ben (with Audi, Tamara). "New chief lays down the law: Preferring progress over praise, she has changes planned" ''Detroit Free Press'', November 8, 2003, 1A.</ref> An karɓi tayin. A ranar 4 ga Satumba, 2008, Bully-Cummings ta sanar da yin ritayarta, mintuna bayan da Kilpatrick ta amsa laifuka biyu na rantsuwar karya kuma ta yi murabus daga mukaminta a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar amincewa da laifin . Ta yi tayin taimaka wa magajinta wajen sauya sheka zuwa ga ayyukan Shugaban 'Yan Sanda idan aka nemi ta yi hakan. <ref>Hackney, Suzette and Schmitt, Ben (with Audi, Tamara). "New chief lays down the law: Preferring progress over praise, she has changes planned" ''Detroit Free Press'', November 8, 2003, 1A.</ref> == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == Bully-Cummings ta karɓi kyautar "Mai Shirya Tarihi a Tsarin Yin" ta General Motors da Black Entertainment Television a shekarar 2005, da kuma kyautar Nasara ta Rayuwa daga Cibiyar Mata da 'Yan Sanda ta Ƙasa. <ref name="DPbio"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Bully-Cummings tana auren Lauya William Cummings, wani kwamandan 'yan sanda na Detroit mai ritaya. A da, ta auri tsohon Sheriff na Gundumar Wayne da tsohon Shugaban 'Yan sandan Detroit Warren Evans . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n04frh29h7o8964mj3ncww0injxyuij 0 140005 826691 792319 2026-04-26T16:41:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 6 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Etosha R. Cave injiniyar injiniya ce 'yar Amurka da ke zaune a Berkeley, California . Ita ce ta kafa kuma babbar jami'ar kimiyya ta Twelve, wani kamfani da ke sake amfani da iskar carbon dioxide . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Cave ta girma a [[Houston]], [[Texas]], inda ta fara sha'awar sake amfani da mai da iskar gas. A lokacin makarantar sakandare ta shiga Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi Baƙaƙe ta Ƙasa (NSBE). <ref>name="Stone">{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Zara |title=Can California's Carbon Queen Recycle Pollution? |url=http://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/the-c02-queen-of-silicon-valley/83719 |access-date=2019-07-16 |website=OZY |language=en |archive-date=2019-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716193627/https://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/the-c02-queen-of-silicon-valley/83719 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Olin, kuma tana shekarar farko ta kammala karatun digiri a 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-20 |title=Designing with Purpose |url=http://meet.olin.edu/alumni/designing-purpose |access-date=2019-07-16 |website=Olin College of Engineering – Admissions Microsite |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta sami tallafin karatu na NSBE . Bayan kammala karatun, ta yi aiki a Tashar McMurdo, inda ta yi hidima ga tsarin [[Rashin zafi, iska, da sanyaya iska|HVAC]] kuma ta gwada na'urar hangen nesa ta laser diode mai buɗewa don aikin NASA Rover na gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. ETOSHA CAVE |url=https://stochasticlabs.org/wp-content/uploads/ninja-forms/20161230ecave-resume.pdf |access-date=4 September 2025}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe Cave ta koma karatunta, ta fara shirin digiri na uku a [[Jami'ar Stanford]] tana aiki a ƙarƙashin kulawar [[Thomas F. Jaramillo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Etosha Cave |url=https://www.empowerinnovation.net/en/custom/memberspotlight/view/606 |access-date=2019-07-16 |website=Empower Innovation}}</ref> A lokacin karatunta na PhD, ta yi aiki kan hanyoyin lantarki waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don canza [[carbon dioxide]] da ruwa zuwa robobi masu amfani da kuma masu tsaftace gida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch: Etosha Cave speaks at TEDx Stanford |url=https://www.cyclotronroad.org/journal/2015/8/27/cyclotron-road-project-lead-etosha-cave-speaks-at-tedx-stanford |access-date=2019-07-16 |website=Cyclotron Road |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716193618/https://www.cyclotronroad.org/journal/2015/8/27/cyclotron-road-project-lead-etosha-cave-speaks-at-tedx-stanford |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta gina tsarin nazarin iskar gas wanda zai iya tantance abubuwan da ke tattare da halayen lantarki a ainihin lokaci kuma ta sami digiri na uku a 2015. == Bincike da aiki == A lokacin da yake [[Jami'ar Stanford]], Cave ta haɗu ta kafa Twelve, wani kamfani da ke amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfafawa don sake amfani da carbon dioxide. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-20 |title=Designing with Purpose |url=http://meet.olin.edu/alumni/designing-purpose |access-date=2019-07-16 |website=Olin College of Engineering – Admissions Microsite |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. ETOSHA CAVE |url=https://stochasticlabs.org/wp-content/uploads/ninja-forms/20161230ecave-resume.pdf |access-date=4 September 2025}}</ref> Da farko, Twelve ta yi fama da tara kuɗi daga masu zuba jari a [[Silicon Valley]] . A yau Twelve tana zaune a Dakin Gwaji na Ƙasa na Lawrence Berkeley, kuma ta sami haɗin gwiwa da dama na ilimi, ciki har da kuɗaɗe daga Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa da [[I-Corps program|shirin I-Corps]] . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2017-11-13 |title=The Lens Crafter: Tabitha Soren |url=https://www.7x7.com/hot-20-2017-perennials-edition-2500354850.html?rebelltitem=12 |access-date=2019-07-16 |website=7x7 Bay Area |language=en}}</ref> A ƙarshe Cave tana fatan za su iya yin man dizal daga [[carbon dioxide]] da aka sake yin amfani da shi da ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>name="Stone">{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Zara |title=Can California's Carbon Queen Recycle Pollution? |url=http://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/the-c02-queen-of-silicon-valley/83719 |access-date=2019-07-16 |website=OZY |language=en |archive-date=2019-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716193627/https://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/the-c02-queen-of-silicon-valley/83719 |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFStone">Stone, Zara. [http://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/the-c02-queen-of-silicon-valley/83719 "Can California's Carbon Queen Recycle Pollution?"]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''OZY''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-16</span></span>.</cite></ref> Cave ta tattauna wannan ra'ayi a TED x Stanford, inda ta bayyana cewa carbon dioxide da aka sake yin amfani da shi zai iya rage sawun carbon ɗinmu da kuma tallafawa tafiye-tafiyen sararin samaniya nan gaba. An ba Twelve kyautar mujallar Forbes Change World Award kuma an zaɓe ta don shirin [[Advanced Manufacturing Office]] Cyclotron Road a 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Etosha Cave |url=https://www.empowerinnovation.net/en/custom/memberspotlight/view/606 |access-date=2019-07-16 |website=Empower Innovation}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch: Etosha Cave speaks at TEDx Stanford |url=https://www.cyclotronroad.org/journal/2015/8/27/cyclotron-road-project-lead-etosha-cave-speaks-at-tedx-stanford |access-date=2019-07-16 |website=Cyclotron Road |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta kasance ta ƙarshe a gasar Carbon Xprize a 2018. === Lambobin yabo da girmamawa === Lambobin yabo da girmamawa da ta samu sun haɗa da; * 2016 [[Echoing Green]] Fellow <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * Masu Ƙirƙira na Yankin Bay ''Mai Zafi na 20'' na 7x7 <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2017-11-13 |title=The Lens Crafter: Tabitha Soren |url=https://www.7x7.com/hot-20-2017-perennials-edition-2500354850.html?rebelltitem=12 |access-date=2019-07-16 |website=7x7 Bay Area |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.7x7.com/hot-20-2017-perennials-edition-2500354850.html?rebelltitem=12 "The Lens Crafter: Tabitha Soren"]. ''7x7 Bay Area''. 2017-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-16</span></span>.</cite></ref> * Masu Kirkire-kirkire na Cibiyar Smithsonian ta 2017 da za a Kalla <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-20 |title=Designing with Purpose |url=http://meet.olin.edu/alumni/designing-purpose |access-date=2019-07-16 |website=Olin College of Engineering – Admissions Microsite |language=en |archive-date=2019-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716193627/http://meet.olin.edu/alumni/designing-purpose |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2018 Grist Top 508 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. ETOSHA CAVE |url=https://stochasticlabs.org/wp-content/uploads/ninja-forms/20161230ecave-resume.pdf |access-date=4 September 2025}}</ref> * Bikin Baje Kolin Vanity na 2018 Mata 26 Masu Faɗin Launi Masu Bambancin Launi a Silicon Valley, Media, da kuma Bayansa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Etosha Cave |url=https://www.empowerinnovation.net/en/custom/memberspotlight/view/606 |access-date=2019-07-16 |website=Empower Innovation}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch: Etosha Cave speaks at TEDx Stanford |url=https://www.cyclotronroad.org/journal/2015/8/27/cyclotron-road-project-lead-etosha-cave-speaks-at-tedx-stanford |access-date=2019-07-16 |website=Cyclotron Road |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta yi jawabi a bikin Aspen Ideas kuma ta kasance wani ɓangare na Science Foo Camp . <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> Ita memba ce a Cibiyar Injiniyoyi Masu Sinadarai ta Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-20 |title=Designing with Purpose |url=http://meet.olin.edu/alumni/designing-purpose |access-date=2019-07-16 |website=Olin College of Engineering – Admissions Microsite |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Cave memba ce a kwamitin ba da shawara na [[Berkeley Startup Cluster]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. ETOSHA CAVE |url=https://stochasticlabs.org/wp-content/uploads/ninja-forms/20161230ecave-resume.pdf |access-date=4 September 2025}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] g6trzm9qgav17d33sjelgxovp5i5w00 0 140035 827020 792463 2026-04-27T11:25:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 827020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Fayil:Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg|right|thumb|Ƙungiyar Ngoma ta Tanzaniya]] '''Ngoma''' ''(wanda kuma ake kira ng'oma ko ing'oma)'' kalma ce [[Harshen Swahili|ta Swahili]] wacce ke da ma'anoni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kiɗa, rawa, da kayan kida. A [[Tanzaniya]], ''ngoma'' kuma tana nufin abubuwan da suka faru, duka abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa kamar haila ta farko, haihuwa ko rasuwar ƙaunatacce, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar bukukuwa, al'adu, ko gasa. A cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, Ngoma ita ce babban nau'in kiɗa da rawa a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna da [[Kudancin Afirka]].<ref> name="Stone_08" </ref> A yau, nau'in kiɗa ne a Tanzaniya, wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙasa ''(BASATA - Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa)'' ta ɗauka a matsayin nau'in kiɗa na hukuma. A Tanzaniya, ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasa, koyarwa, da karatu a makarantu da jami'o'i. Kwalejin ƙasa ta ngoma ita ce Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Bagamoyo, wadda ta samar da mawaƙa da masu rawa da yawa na ngoma. Nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya na ngoma sun ƙunshi motsin kwatangwalo masu kyau. Waƙoƙin kiɗan suna amfani da kayan kida iri-iri, gami da kayan kida na gargajiya da ƙaho, amma mafi mahimmanci amfani da ganguna . A wasu al'adun gargajiya, ba a amfani da kayan kida, kamar a cikin rawar Ambrokoi ta Maasai ko Ligihu ta Ngoni . Waɗannan yawanci rawa ne da tsalle da tattaka, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi suna da fa'ida fiye da waɗannan rawa da kayan kida. == Tarihi == Kafin mulkin mallaka, ngoma shine babban nau'in al'adu a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ngoma shine hulɗa tsakanin tsofaffi da matasa. Wannan ya kasance hanyar koyar da matasa, da kuma koyo game da matasa don sanin yadda za su jagorance su a rayuwa mafi kyau. <ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an haramta ngoma saboda gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna kallonsa a matsayin wanda ba na Kirista ba kuma yana hana tsarin wayewa. 'Yan Tanzaniya sun ƙirƙiri wani sabon nau'in ngoma da ake kira mganda da fatan zai jawo hankalin masu mulkin mallaka. Mganda ngoma ta ɗauki kayan sawa na kayan soja na yamma da tufafi. Ta kuma ɗauki wasu kayan aikin soja. <ref> name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Wannan daga ƙarshe zai zama nau'in kiɗan manyan mawaƙa. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyi na farko sun buɗe a [[Dar es Salaam]] da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]] don waɗannan mawaƙan mganda ngoma su yi wasa. An fara kunna kiɗansu a rediyo kuma an yi rikodin su a cikin situdiyo. Waƙar Mganda ngoma ta shahara sosai kuma ta zama sananne da dansi ''(jazz na rawa)'' a yau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Tanzaniya [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Tanganyika|(TANU)]] ta mai da hankali sosai kan komawa ga gargajiyar Ngoma. {{Cquote|''"When we were at school we were taught to sing the songs of the Europeans. How many of us were taught the songs of the Wanyamwezi or of the Wahehe? Many of us have learnt to dance the ‘‘rumba’’ or the ‘‘chachacha’’ to ‘‘rock’n’roll’’ and to ‘‘twist.’’...But how many of us can dance, or have even heard of, the Gombe Sugu, the Mangala, the Konge, Nyang’umumi, Kiduo or Lele Mama? ... And even though we dance and play the piano, how often does that dancing ...really give us the sort of thrill we get from dancing the mganda or the gombe sugu even though the music may be no more than the shaking of pebbles in a tin? It is hard for any man to get much real excitement from dances and music which are not in his own blood."''}} Duk da cewa wannan ya ɗan yi nasara, TANU ba ta taɓa samun nasarar cimma burin da aka tsara a jawabin farko na Nyerere ba. Har ma TANU ta yi amfani da dansi da kwaya a matsayin kayan aiki na farko don ilimi, manufofin ƙasa da siyasa. TANU ta yi nasara wajen haɓaka fasaha gabaɗaya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin ilimin fasaha. Hakanan ya ba kabilu damar komawa yin aikin ngoma cikin 'yanci, wanda yawancinsu ke yi a cikin duhu a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. Bayan gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki na 1985, ngoma ta canza rawar da take takawa a cikin rayuwar ƙasa da ƙabila. <ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da cewa har yanzu tana da farin jini sosai, ba kasafai dattawa ke koyar da ita ga matasa kamar yadda take a da ba. <ref>name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka ngoma har yanzu tana da farin jini kuma ta yaɗu a yau. Ƙungiyoyin Ngoma sun koma ga zamani da tallata kiɗa da rawa, don yin gasa a kasuwanci. <ref> name="Sanga_13" </ref> Rawa ɗaya na iya ƙunsar fannoni daban-daban na kabilanci da yanki gwargwadon iko don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, musamman dattawa, yayin da kuma amfani da wahayi da yawa daga wasu nau'ikan kiɗa kamar dansi ko bongo flava don jan hankalin matasa. <ref> name="Sanga_19" </ref> <ref> name="Stockt_19" </ref> Bugu da ƙari, ngoma ya sabunta amfani da kayan kida. Yawancin kayan kida na gargajiya ba su samuwa ko kuma za a iya yin su. A yau, ana amfani da kayan kida da kayan kida na zamani, kamar gita, madannai, makirufo, da amplifiers. == Manazarta == 6qrsztcjsfewu5w0ldg7qzosfb8n3w6 827022 827020 2026-04-27T11:26:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 827022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Fayil:Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg|right|thumb|Ƙungiyar Ngoma ta Tanzaniya]] '''Ngoma''' ''(wanda kuma ake kira ng'oma ko ing'oma)'' kalma ce [[Harshen Swahili|ta Swahili]] wacce ke da ma'anoni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kiɗa, rawa, da kayan kida. A [[Tanzaniya]], ''ngoma'' kuma tana nufin abubuwan da suka faru, duka abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa kamar haila ta farko, haihuwa ko rasuwar ƙaunatacce, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar bukukuwa, al'adu, ko gasa. A cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, Ngoma ita ce babban nau'in kiɗa da rawa a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna da [[Kudancin Afirka]].<ref> name="Stone_08" </ref> A yau, nau'in kiɗa ne a Tanzaniya, wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙasa ''(BASATA - Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa)'' ta ɗauka a matsayin nau'in kiɗa na hukuma. A Tanzaniya, ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasa, koyarwa, da karatu a makarantu da jami'o'i. Kwalejin ƙasa ta ngoma ita ce Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Bagamoyo, wadda ta samar da mawaƙa da masu rawa da yawa na ngoma. Nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya na ngoma sun ƙunshi motsin kwatangwalo masu kyau. Waƙoƙin kiɗan suna amfani da kayan kida iri-iri, gami da kayan kida na gargajiya da ƙaho, amma mafi mahimmanci amfani da ganguna . A wasu al'adun gargajiya, ba a amfani da kayan kida, kamar a cikin rawar Ambrokoi ta Maasai ko Ligihu ta Ngoni . Waɗannan yawanci rawa ne da tsalle da tattaka, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi suna da fa'ida fiye da waɗannan rawa da kayan kida. == Tarihi == Kafin mulkin mallaka, ngoma shine babban nau'in al'adu a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ngoma shine hulɗa tsakanin tsofaffi da matasa. Wannan ya kasance hanyar koyar da matasa, da kuma koyo game da matasa don sanin yadda za su jagorance su a rayuwa mafi kyau. <ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an haramta ngoma saboda gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna kallonsa a matsayin wanda ba na Kirista ba kuma yana hana tsarin wayewa. 'Yan Tanzaniya sun ƙirƙiri wani sabon nau'in ngoma da ake kira mganda da fatan zai jawo hankalin masu mulkin mallaka. Mganda ngoma ta ɗauki kayan sawa na kayan soja na yamma da tufafi. Ta kuma ɗauki wasu kayan aikin soja. <ref> name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Wannan daga ƙarshe zai zama nau'in kiɗan manyan mawaƙa. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyi na farko sun buɗe a [[Dar es Salaam]] da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]] don waɗannan mawaƙan mganda ngoma su yi wasa. An fara kunna kiɗansu a rediyo kuma an yi rikodin su a cikin situdiyo. Waƙar Mganda ngoma ta shahara sosai kuma ta zama sananne da dansi ''(jazz na rawa)'' a yau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Tanzaniya [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Tanganyika|(TANU)]] ta mai da hankali sosai kan komawa ga gargajiyar Ngoma. {{Cquote|''"When we were at school we were taught to sing the songs of the Europeans. How many of us were taught the songs of the Wanyamwezi or of the Wahehe? Many of us have learnt to dance the ‘‘rumba’’ or the ‘‘chachacha’’ to ‘‘rock’n’roll’’ and to ‘‘twist.’’...But how many of us can dance, or have even heard of, the Gombe Sugu, the Mangala, the Konge, Nyang’umumi, Kiduo or Lele Mama? ... And even though we dance and play the piano, how often does that dancing ...really give us the sort of thrill we get from dancing the mganda or the gombe sugu even though the music may be no more than the shaking of pebbles in a tin? It is hard for any man to get much real excitement from dances and music which are not in his own blood."''}} Duk da cewa wannan ya ɗan yi nasara, TANU ba ta taɓa samun nasarar cimma burin da aka tsara a jawabin farko na Nyerere ba. Har ma TANU ta yi amfani da dansi da kwaya a matsayin kayan aiki na farko don ilimi, manufofin ƙasa da siyasa. TANU ta yi nasara wajen haɓaka fasaha gabaɗaya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin ilimin fasaha. Hakanan ya ba kabilu damar komawa yin aikin ngoma cikin 'yanci, wanda yawancinsu ke yi a cikin duhu a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. Bayan gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki na 1985, ngoma ta canza rawar da take takawa a cikin rayuwar ƙasa da ƙabila. <ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da cewa har yanzu tana da farin jini sosai, ba kasafai dattawa ke koyar da ita ga matasa kamar yadda take a da ba. <ref>name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka ngoma har yanzu tana da farin jini kuma ta yaɗu a yau. Ƙungiyoyin Ngoma sun koma ga zamani da tallata kiɗa da rawa, don yin gasa a kasuwanci. <ref> name="Sanga_13" </ref> Rawa ɗaya na iya ƙunsar fannoni daban-daban na kabilanci da yanki gwargwadon iko don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, musamman dattawa, yayin da kuma amfani da wahayi da yawa daga wasu nau'ikan kiɗa kamar dansi ko bongo flava don jan hankalin matasa. <ref> name="Sanga_19" </ref> <ref> name="Stockt_19" </ref> Bugu da ƙari, ngoma ya sabunta amfani da kayan kida. Yawancin kayan kida na gargajiya ba su samuwa ko kuma za a iya yin su. A yau, ana amfani da kayan kida da kayan kida na zamani, kamar gita, madannai, makirufo, da amplifiers. == Manazarta == lo3gok7pi76sxjr8bejvvnkyroztuqx 827023 827022 2026-04-27T11:26:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 827023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Fayil:Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg|right|thumb|Ƙungiyar Ngoma ta Tanzaniya]] '''Ngoma''' ''(wanda kuma ake kira ng'oma ko ing'oma)'' kalma ce [[Harshen Swahili|ta Swahili]] wacce ke da ma'anoni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kiɗa, rawa, da kayan kida. A [[Tanzaniya]], ''ngoma'' kuma tana nufin abubuwan da suka faru, duka abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa kamar haila ta farko, haihuwa ko rasuwar ƙaunatacce, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar bukukuwa, al'adu, ko gasa. A cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, Ngoma ita ce babban nau'in kiɗa da rawa a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna da [[Kudancin Afirka]].<ref> name="Stone_08" </ref> A yau, nau'in kiɗa ne a [[Tanzaniya]], wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙasa ''(BASATA - Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa)'' ta ɗauka a matsayin nau'in kiɗa na hukuma. A Tanzaniya, ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasa, koyarwa, da karatu a makarantu da jami'o'i. Kwalejin ƙasa ta ngoma ita ce Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Bagamoyo, wadda ta samar da mawaƙa da masu rawa da yawa na ngoma. Nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya na ngoma sun ƙunshi motsin kwatangwalo masu kyau. Waƙoƙin kiɗan suna amfani da kayan kida iri-iri, gami da kayan kida na gargajiya da ƙaho, amma mafi mahimmanci amfani da ganguna . A wasu al'adun gargajiya, ba a amfani da kayan kida, kamar a cikin rawar Ambrokoi ta Maasai ko Ligihu ta Ngoni . Waɗannan yawanci rawa ne da tsalle da tattaka, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi suna da fa'ida fiye da waɗannan rawa da kayan kida. == Tarihi == Kafin mulkin mallaka, ngoma shine babban nau'in al'adu a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ngoma shine hulɗa tsakanin tsofaffi da matasa. Wannan ya kasance hanyar koyar da matasa, da kuma koyo game da matasa don sanin yadda za su jagorance su a rayuwa mafi kyau. <ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an haramta ngoma saboda gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna kallonsa a matsayin wanda ba na Kirista ba kuma yana hana tsarin wayewa. 'Yan Tanzaniya sun ƙirƙiri wani sabon nau'in ngoma da ake kira mganda da fatan zai jawo hankalin masu mulkin mallaka. Mganda ngoma ta ɗauki kayan sawa na kayan soja na yamma da tufafi. Ta kuma ɗauki wasu kayan aikin soja. <ref> name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Wannan daga ƙarshe zai zama nau'in kiɗan manyan mawaƙa. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyi na farko sun buɗe a [[Dar es Salaam]] da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]] don waɗannan mawaƙan mganda ngoma su yi wasa. An fara kunna kiɗansu a rediyo kuma an yi rikodin su a cikin situdiyo. Waƙar Mganda ngoma ta shahara sosai kuma ta zama sananne da dansi ''(jazz na rawa)'' a yau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Tanzaniya [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Tanganyika|(TANU)]] ta mai da hankali sosai kan komawa ga gargajiyar Ngoma. {{Cquote|''"When we were at school we were taught to sing the songs of the Europeans. How many of us were taught the songs of the Wanyamwezi or of the Wahehe? Many of us have learnt to dance the ‘‘rumba’’ or the ‘‘chachacha’’ to ‘‘rock’n’roll’’ and to ‘‘twist.’’...But how many of us can dance, or have even heard of, the Gombe Sugu, the Mangala, the Konge, Nyang’umumi, Kiduo or Lele Mama? ... And even though we dance and play the piano, how often does that dancing ...really give us the sort of thrill we get from dancing the mganda or the gombe sugu even though the music may be no more than the shaking of pebbles in a tin? It is hard for any man to get much real excitement from dances and music which are not in his own blood."''}} Duk da cewa wannan ya ɗan yi nasara, TANU ba ta taɓa samun nasarar cimma burin da aka tsara a jawabin farko na Nyerere ba. Har ma TANU ta yi amfani da dansi da kwaya a matsayin kayan aiki na farko don ilimi, manufofin ƙasa da siyasa. TANU ta yi nasara wajen haɓaka fasaha gabaɗaya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin ilimin fasaha. Hakanan ya ba kabilu damar komawa yin aikin ngoma cikin 'yanci, wanda yawancinsu ke yi a cikin duhu a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. Bayan gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki na 1985, ngoma ta canza rawar da take takawa a cikin rayuwar ƙasa da ƙabila. <ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da cewa har yanzu tana da farin jini sosai, ba kasafai dattawa ke koyar da ita ga matasa kamar yadda take a da ba. <ref>name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka ngoma har yanzu tana da farin jini kuma ta yaɗu a yau. Ƙungiyoyin Ngoma sun koma ga zamani da tallata kiɗa da rawa, don yin gasa a kasuwanci. <ref> name="Sanga_13" </ref> Rawa ɗaya na iya ƙunsar fannoni daban-daban na kabilanci da yanki gwargwadon iko don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, musamman dattawa, yayin da kuma amfani da wahayi da yawa daga wasu nau'ikan kiɗa kamar dansi ko bongo flava don jan hankalin matasa. <ref> name="Sanga_19" </ref> <ref> name="Stockt_19" </ref> Bugu da ƙari, ngoma ya sabunta amfani da kayan kida. Yawancin kayan kida na gargajiya ba su samuwa ko kuma za a iya yin su. A yau, ana amfani da kayan kida da kayan kida na zamani, kamar gita, madannai, makirufo, da amplifiers. == Manazarta == gq21e9mr850sav7hipo99dysqlkyq07 827024 827023 2026-04-27T11:26:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 827024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Fayil:Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg|right|thumb|Ƙungiyar Ngoma ta Tanzaniya]] '''Ngoma''' ''(wanda kuma ake kira ng'oma ko ing'oma)'' kalma ce [[Harshen Swahili|ta Swahili]] wacce ke da ma'anoni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kiɗa, rawa, da kayan kida. A [[Tanzaniya]], ''ngoma'' kuma tana nufin abubuwan da suka faru, duka abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa kamar haila ta farko, haihuwa ko rasuwar ƙaunatacce, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar bukukuwa, al'adu, ko gasa. A cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, Ngoma ita ce babban nau'in kiɗa da rawa a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna da [[Kudancin Afirka]].<ref> name="Stone_08" </ref> A yau, nau'in kiɗa ne a [[Tanzaniya]], wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙasa ''(BASATA - Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa)'' ta ɗauka a matsayin nau'in kiɗa na hukuma. A Tanzaniya, ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasa, koyarwa, da karatu a makarantu da jami'o'i. Kwalejin ƙasa ta ngoma ita ce Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Bagamoyo, wadda ta samar da mawaƙa da masu rawa da yawa na ngoma. Nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya na ngoma sun ƙunshi motsin kwatangwalo masu kyau. Waƙoƙin kiɗan suna amfani da kayan kida iri-iri, gami da kayan kida na gargajiya da ƙaho, amma mafi mahimmanci amfani da ganguna . A wasu al'adun gargajiya, ba a amfani da kayan kida, kamar a cikin rawar Ambrokoi ta Maasai ko Ligihu ta Ngoni . Waɗannan yawanci rawa ne da tsalle da tattaka, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi suna da fa'ida fiye da waɗannan rawa da kayan kida. == Tarihi == Kafin mulkin mallaka, ngoma shine babban nau'in al'adu a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ngoma shine hulɗa tsakanin tsofaffi da matasa. Wannan ya kasance hanyar koyar da matasa, da kuma koyo game da matasa don sanin yadda za su jagorance su a rayuwa mafi kyau. <ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an haramta ngoma saboda gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna kallonsa a matsayin wanda ba na Kirista ba kuma yana hana tsarin wayewa. 'Yan Tanzaniya sun ƙirƙiri wani sabon nau'in ngoma da ake kira mganda da fatan zai jawo hankalin masu mulkin mallaka. Mganda ngoma ta ɗauki kayan sawa na kayan soja na yamma da tufafi. Ta kuma ɗauki wasu kayan aikin soja. <ref> name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Wannan daga ƙarshe zai zama nau'in kiɗan manyan mawaƙa. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyi na farko sun buɗe a [[Dar es Salaam]] da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]] don waɗannan mawaƙan mganda ngoma su yi wasa. An fara kunna kiɗansu a rediyo kuma an yi rikodin su a cikin situdiyo. Waƙar Mganda ngoma ta shahara sosai kuma ta zama sananne da dansi ''(jazz na rawa)'' a yau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Tanzaniya [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Tanganyika|(TANU)]] ta mai da hankali sosai kan komawa ga gargajiyar Ngoma. {{Cquote|''"When we were at school we were taught to sing the songs of the Europeans. How many of us were taught the songs of the Wanyamwezi or of the Wahehe? Many of us have learnt to dance the ‘‘rumba’’ or the ‘‘chachacha’’ to ‘‘rock’n’roll’’ and to ‘‘twist.’’...But how many of us can dance, or have even heard of, the Gombe Sugu, the Mangala, the Konge, Nyang’umumi, Kiduo or Lele Mama? ... And even though we dance and play the piano, how often does that dancing ...really give us the sort of thrill we get from dancing the mganda or the gombe sugu even though the music may be no more than the shaking of pebbles in a tin? It is hard for any man to get much real excitement from dances and music which are not in his own blood."''}} Duk da cewa wannan ya ɗan yi nasara, TANU ba ta taɓa samun nasarar cimma burin da aka tsara a jawabin farko na Nyerere ba. Har ma TANU ta yi amfani da dansi da kwaya a matsayin kayan aiki na farko don ilimi, manufofin ƙasa da siyasa. TANU ta yi nasara wajen haɓaka fasaha gabaɗaya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin ilimin fasaha. Hakanan ya ba kabilu damar komawa yin aikin ngoma cikin 'yanci, wanda yawancinsu ke yi a cikin duhu a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. Bayan gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki na 1985, ngoma ta canza rawar da take takawa a cikin rayuwar ƙasa da ƙabila. <ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da cewa har yanzu tana da farin jini sosai, ba kasafai dattawa ke koyar da ita ga matasa kamar yadda take a da ba. <ref>name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka ngoma har yanzu tana da farin jini kuma ta yaɗu a yau. Ƙungiyoyin Ngoma sun koma ga zamani da tallata kiɗa da rawa, don yin gasa a kasuwanci. <ref> name="Sanga_13" </ref> Rawa ɗaya na iya ƙunsar fannoni daban-daban na kabilanci da yanki gwargwadon iko don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, musamman dattawa, yayin da kuma amfani da wahayi da yawa daga wasu nau'ikan kiɗa kamar dansi ko bongo flava don jan hankalin matasa. <ref> name="Sanga_19" </ref> <ref> name="Stockt_19" </ref> Bugu da ƙari, ngoma ya sabunta amfani da kayan kida. Yawancin kayan kida na gargajiya ba su samuwa ko kuma za a iya yin su. A yau, ana amfani da kayan kida da kayan kida na zamani, kamar gita, madannai, makirufo, da amplifiers. == Manazarta == 8wby030vj6fh4umqcno0unqq4qcozzq 827026 827024 2026-04-27T11:26:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 827026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Fayil:Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg|right|thumb|Ƙungiyar Ngoma ta Tanzaniya]] '''Ngoma''' ''(wanda kuma ake kira ng'oma ko ing'oma)'' kalma ce [[Harshen Swahili|ta Swahili]] wacce ke da ma'anoni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kiɗa, rawa, da kayan kida. A [[Tanzaniya]], ''ngoma'' kuma tana nufin abubuwan da suka faru, duka abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa kamar haila ta farko, haihuwa ko rasuwar ƙaunatacce, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar bukukuwa, al'adu, ko gasa. A cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, Ngoma ita ce babban nau'in kiɗa da rawa a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna da [[Kudancin Afirka]].<ref> name="Stone_08" </ref> A yau, nau'in kiɗa ne a [[Tanzaniya]], wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙasa ''(BASATA - Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa)'' ta ɗauka a matsayin nau'in kiɗa na hukuma. A [[Tanzaniya]], ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasa, koyarwa, da karatu a makarantu da jami'o'i. Kwalejin ƙasa ta ngoma ita ce Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Bagamoyo, wadda ta samar da mawaƙa da masu rawa da yawa na ngoma. Nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya na ngoma sun ƙunshi motsin kwatangwalo masu kyau. Waƙoƙin kiɗan suna amfani da kayan kida iri-iri, gami da kayan kida na gargajiya da ƙaho, amma mafi mahimmanci amfani da ganguna . A wasu al'adun gargajiya, ba a amfani da kayan kida, kamar a cikin rawar Ambrokoi ta Maasai ko Ligihu ta Ngoni . Waɗannan yawanci rawa ne da tsalle da tattaka, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi suna da fa'ida fiye da waɗannan rawa da kayan kida. == Tarihi == Kafin mulkin mallaka, ngoma shine babban nau'in al'adu a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ngoma shine hulɗa tsakanin tsofaffi da matasa. Wannan ya kasance hanyar koyar da matasa, da kuma koyo game da matasa don sanin yadda za su jagorance su a rayuwa mafi kyau. <ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an haramta ngoma saboda gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna kallonsa a matsayin wanda ba na Kirista ba kuma yana hana tsarin wayewa. 'Yan Tanzaniya sun ƙirƙiri wani sabon nau'in ngoma da ake kira mganda da fatan zai jawo hankalin masu mulkin mallaka. Mganda ngoma ta ɗauki kayan sawa na kayan soja na yamma da tufafi. Ta kuma ɗauki wasu kayan aikin soja. <ref> name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Wannan daga ƙarshe zai zama nau'in kiɗan manyan mawaƙa. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyi na farko sun buɗe a [[Dar es Salaam]] da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]] don waɗannan mawaƙan mganda ngoma su yi wasa. An fara kunna kiɗansu a rediyo kuma an yi rikodin su a cikin situdiyo. Waƙar Mganda ngoma ta shahara sosai kuma ta zama sananne da dansi ''(jazz na rawa)'' a yau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Tanzaniya [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Tanganyika|(TANU)]] ta mai da hankali sosai kan komawa ga gargajiyar Ngoma. {{Cquote|''"When we were at school we were taught to sing the songs of the Europeans. How many of us were taught the songs of the Wanyamwezi or of the Wahehe? Many of us have learnt to dance the ‘‘rumba’’ or the ‘‘chachacha’’ to ‘‘rock’n’roll’’ and to ‘‘twist.’’...But how many of us can dance, or have even heard of, the Gombe Sugu, the Mangala, the Konge, Nyang’umumi, Kiduo or Lele Mama? ... And even though we dance and play the piano, how often does that dancing ...really give us the sort of thrill we get from dancing the mganda or the gombe sugu even though the music may be no more than the shaking of pebbles in a tin? It is hard for any man to get much real excitement from dances and music which are not in his own blood."''}} Duk da cewa wannan ya ɗan yi nasara, TANU ba ta taɓa samun nasarar cimma burin da aka tsara a jawabin farko na Nyerere ba. Har ma TANU ta yi amfani da dansi da kwaya a matsayin kayan aiki na farko don ilimi, manufofin ƙasa da siyasa. TANU ta yi nasara wajen haɓaka fasaha gabaɗaya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin ilimin fasaha. Hakanan ya ba kabilu damar komawa yin aikin ngoma cikin 'yanci, wanda yawancinsu ke yi a cikin duhu a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. Bayan gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki na 1985, ngoma ta canza rawar da take takawa a cikin rayuwar ƙasa da ƙabila. <ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da cewa har yanzu tana da farin jini sosai, ba kasafai dattawa ke koyar da ita ga matasa kamar yadda take a da ba. <ref>name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka ngoma har yanzu tana da farin jini kuma ta yaɗu a yau. Ƙungiyoyin Ngoma sun koma ga zamani da tallata kiɗa da rawa, don yin gasa a kasuwanci. <ref> name="Sanga_13" </ref> Rawa ɗaya na iya ƙunsar fannoni daban-daban na kabilanci da yanki gwargwadon iko don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, musamman dattawa, yayin da kuma amfani da wahayi da yawa daga wasu nau'ikan kiɗa kamar dansi ko bongo flava don jan hankalin matasa. <ref> name="Sanga_19" </ref> <ref> name="Stockt_19" </ref> Bugu da ƙari, ngoma ya sabunta amfani da kayan kida. Yawancin kayan kida na gargajiya ba su samuwa ko kuma za a iya yin su. A yau, ana amfani da kayan kida da kayan kida na zamani, kamar gita, madannai, makirufo, da amplifiers. == Manazarta == bborebazkp4iy93vqwm0ha2bekn5l62 827027 827026 2026-04-27T11:27:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 827027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Fayil:Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg|right|thumb|Ƙungiyar Ngoma ta Tanzaniya]] '''Ngoma''' ''(wanda kuma ake kira ng'oma ko ing'oma)'' kalma ce [[Harshen Swahili|ta Swahili]] wacce ke da ma'anoni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kiɗa, rawa, da kayan kida. A [[Tanzaniya]], ''ngoma'' kuma tana nufin abubuwan da suka faru, duka abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa kamar haila ta farko, haihuwa ko rasuwar ƙaunatacce, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar bukukuwa, al'adu, ko gasa. A cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, Ngoma ita ce babban nau'in kiɗa da rawa a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna da [[Kudancin Afirka]].<ref> name="Stone_08" </ref> A yau, nau'in kiɗa ne a [[Tanzaniya]], wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙasa ''(BASATA - Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa)'' ta ɗauka a matsayin nau'in kiɗa na hukuma. A [[Tanzaniya]], ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasa, koyarwa, da karatu a makarantu da jami'o'i. Kwalejin ƙasa ta ngoma ita ce Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Bagamoyo, wadda ta samar da mawaƙa da masu rawa da yawa na ngoma. Nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya na ngoma sun ƙunshi motsin kwatangwalo masu kyau. Waƙoƙin kiɗan suna amfani da kayan kida iri-iri, gami da kayan kida na gargajiya da ƙaho, amma mafi mahimmanci amfani da ganguna . A wasu al'adun gargajiya, ba a amfani da kayan kida, kamar a cikin rawar Ambrokoi ta Maasai ko Ligihu ta Ngoni . Waɗannan yawanci rawa ne da tsalle da tattaka, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi suna da fa'ida fiye da waɗannan rawa da kayan kida. == Tarihi == Kafin mulkin mallaka, ngoma shine babban nau'in al'adu a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ngoma shine hulɗa tsakanin tsofaffi da matasa. Wannan ya kasance hanyar koyar da matasa, da kuma koyo game da matasa don sanin yadda za su jagorance su a rayuwa mafi kyau.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an haramta ngoma saboda gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna kallonsa a matsayin wanda ba na Kirista ba kuma yana hana tsarin wayewa. 'Yan Tanzaniya sun ƙirƙiri wani sabon nau'in ngoma da ake kira mganda da fatan zai jawo hankalin masu mulkin mallaka. Mganda ngoma ta ɗauki kayan sawa na kayan soja na yamma da tufafi. Ta kuma ɗauki wasu kayan aikin soja. <ref> name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Wannan daga ƙarshe zai zama nau'in kiɗan manyan mawaƙa. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyi na farko sun buɗe a [[Dar es Salaam]] da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]] don waɗannan mawaƙan mganda ngoma su yi wasa. An fara kunna kiɗansu a rediyo kuma an yi rikodin su a cikin situdiyo. Waƙar Mganda ngoma ta shahara sosai kuma ta zama sananne da dansi ''(jazz na rawa)'' a yau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Tanzaniya [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Tanganyika|(TANU)]] ta mai da hankali sosai kan komawa ga gargajiyar Ngoma. {{Cquote|''"When we were at school we were taught to sing the songs of the Europeans. How many of us were taught the songs of the Wanyamwezi or of the Wahehe? Many of us have learnt to dance the ‘‘rumba’’ or the ‘‘chachacha’’ to ‘‘rock’n’roll’’ and to ‘‘twist.’’...But how many of us can dance, or have even heard of, the Gombe Sugu, the Mangala, the Konge, Nyang’umumi, Kiduo or Lele Mama? ... And even though we dance and play the piano, how often does that dancing ...really give us the sort of thrill we get from dancing the mganda or the gombe sugu even though the music may be no more than the shaking of pebbles in a tin? It is hard for any man to get much real excitement from dances and music which are not in his own blood."''}} Duk da cewa wannan ya ɗan yi nasara, TANU ba ta taɓa samun nasarar cimma burin da aka tsara a jawabin farko na Nyerere ba. Har ma TANU ta yi amfani da dansi da kwaya a matsayin kayan aiki na farko don ilimi, manufofin ƙasa da siyasa. TANU ta yi nasara wajen haɓaka fasaha gabaɗaya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin ilimin fasaha. Hakanan ya ba kabilu damar komawa yin aikin ngoma cikin 'yanci, wanda yawancinsu ke yi a cikin duhu a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. Bayan gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki na 1985, ngoma ta canza rawar da take takawa a cikin rayuwar ƙasa da ƙabila. <ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da cewa har yanzu tana da farin jini sosai, ba kasafai dattawa ke koyar da ita ga matasa kamar yadda take a da ba. <ref>name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka ngoma har yanzu tana da farin jini kuma ta yaɗu a yau. Ƙungiyoyin Ngoma sun koma ga zamani da tallata kiɗa da rawa, don yin gasa a kasuwanci. <ref> name="Sanga_13" </ref> Rawa ɗaya na iya ƙunsar fannoni daban-daban na kabilanci da yanki gwargwadon iko don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, musamman dattawa, yayin da kuma amfani da wahayi da yawa daga wasu nau'ikan kiɗa kamar dansi ko bongo flava don jan hankalin matasa. <ref> name="Sanga_19" </ref> <ref> name="Stockt_19" </ref> Bugu da ƙari, ngoma ya sabunta amfani da kayan kida. Yawancin kayan kida na gargajiya ba su samuwa ko kuma za a iya yin su. A yau, ana amfani da kayan kida da kayan kida na zamani, kamar gita, madannai, makirufo, da amplifiers. == Manazarta == hbqs16h2eo8ke9jsxewchdmp437jc8u 827028 827027 2026-04-27T11:27:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 827028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Fayil:Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg|right|thumb|Ƙungiyar Ngoma ta Tanzaniya]] '''Ngoma''' ''(wanda kuma ake kira ng'oma ko ing'oma)'' kalma ce [[Harshen Swahili|ta Swahili]] wacce ke da ma'anoni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kiɗa, rawa, da kayan kida. A [[Tanzaniya]], ''ngoma'' kuma tana nufin abubuwan da suka faru, duka abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa kamar haila ta farko, haihuwa ko rasuwar ƙaunatacce, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar bukukuwa, al'adu, ko gasa. A cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, Ngoma ita ce babban nau'in kiɗa da rawa a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna da [[Kudancin Afirka]].<ref> name="Stone_08" </ref> A yau, nau'in kiɗa ne a [[Tanzaniya]], wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙasa ''(BASATA - Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa)'' ta ɗauka a matsayin nau'in kiɗa na hukuma. A [[Tanzaniya]], ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasa, koyarwa, da karatu a makarantu da jami'o'i. Kwalejin ƙasa ta ngoma ita ce Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Bagamoyo, wadda ta samar da mawaƙa da masu rawa da yawa na ngoma. Nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya na ngoma sun ƙunshi motsin kwatangwalo masu kyau. Waƙoƙin kiɗan suna amfani da kayan kida iri-iri, gami da kayan kida na gargajiya da ƙaho, amma mafi mahimmanci amfani da ganguna . A wasu al'adun gargajiya, ba a amfani da kayan kida, kamar a cikin rawar Ambrokoi ta Maasai ko Ligihu ta Ngoni . Waɗannan yawanci rawa ne da tsalle da tattaka, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi suna da fa'ida fiye da waɗannan rawa da kayan kida. == Tarihi == Kafin mulkin mallaka, ngoma shine babban nau'in al'adu a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ngoma shine hulɗa tsakanin tsofaffi da matasa. Wannan ya kasance hanyar koyar da matasa, da kuma koyo game da matasa don sanin yadda za su jagorance su a rayuwa mafi kyau.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an haramta ngoma saboda gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna kallonsa a matsayin wanda ba na Kirista ba kuma yana hana tsarin wayewa. 'Yan Tanzaniya sun ƙirƙiri wani sabon nau'in ngoma da ake kira mganda da fatan zai jawo hankalin masu mulkin mallaka. Mganda ngoma ta ɗauki kayan sawa na kayan soja na yamma da tufafi. Ta kuma ɗauki wasu kayan aikin soja.<ref> name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Wannan daga ƙarshe zai zama nau'in kiɗan manyan mawaƙa. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyi na farko sun buɗe a [[Dar es Salaam]] da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]] don waɗannan mawaƙan mganda ngoma su yi wasa. An fara kunna kiɗansu a rediyo kuma an yi rikodin su a cikin situdiyo. Waƙar Mganda ngoma ta shahara sosai kuma ta zama sananne da dansi ''(jazz na rawa)'' a yau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Tanzaniya [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Tanganyika|(TANU)]] ta mai da hankali sosai kan komawa ga gargajiyar Ngoma. {{Cquote|''"When we were at school we were taught to sing the songs of the Europeans. How many of us were taught the songs of the Wanyamwezi or of the Wahehe? Many of us have learnt to dance the ‘‘rumba’’ or the ‘‘chachacha’’ to ‘‘rock’n’roll’’ and to ‘‘twist.’’...But how many of us can dance, or have even heard of, the Gombe Sugu, the Mangala, the Konge, Nyang’umumi, Kiduo or Lele Mama? ... And even though we dance and play the piano, how often does that dancing ...really give us the sort of thrill we get from dancing the mganda or the gombe sugu even though the music may be no more than the shaking of pebbles in a tin? It is hard for any man to get much real excitement from dances and music which are not in his own blood."''}} Duk da cewa wannan ya ɗan yi nasara, TANU ba ta taɓa samun nasarar cimma burin da aka tsara a jawabin farko na Nyerere ba. Har ma TANU ta yi amfani da dansi da kwaya a matsayin kayan aiki na farko don ilimi, manufofin ƙasa da siyasa. TANU ta yi nasara wajen haɓaka fasaha gabaɗaya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin ilimin fasaha. Hakanan ya ba kabilu damar komawa yin aikin ngoma cikin 'yanci, wanda yawancinsu ke yi a cikin duhu a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. Bayan gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki na 1985, ngoma ta canza rawar da take takawa a cikin rayuwar ƙasa da ƙabila. <ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da cewa har yanzu tana da farin jini sosai, ba kasafai dattawa ke koyar da ita ga matasa kamar yadda take a da ba. <ref>name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka ngoma har yanzu tana da farin jini kuma ta yaɗu a yau. Ƙungiyoyin Ngoma sun koma ga zamani da tallata kiɗa da rawa, don yin gasa a kasuwanci. <ref> name="Sanga_13" </ref> Rawa ɗaya na iya ƙunsar fannoni daban-daban na kabilanci da yanki gwargwadon iko don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, musamman dattawa, yayin da kuma amfani da wahayi da yawa daga wasu nau'ikan kiɗa kamar dansi ko bongo flava don jan hankalin matasa. <ref> name="Sanga_19" </ref> <ref> name="Stockt_19" </ref> Bugu da ƙari, ngoma ya sabunta amfani da kayan kida. Yawancin kayan kida na gargajiya ba su samuwa ko kuma za a iya yin su. A yau, ana amfani da kayan kida da kayan kida na zamani, kamar gita, madannai, makirufo, da amplifiers. == Manazarta == qyz32c76gzht5ahpv55e6ocmzrb2odp 827029 827028 2026-04-27T11:27:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 827029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Fayil:Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg|right|thumb|Ƙungiyar Ngoma ta Tanzaniya]] '''Ngoma''' ''(wanda kuma ake kira ng'oma ko ing'oma)'' kalma ce [[Harshen Swahili|ta Swahili]] wacce ke da ma'anoni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kiɗa, rawa, da kayan kida. A [[Tanzaniya]], ''ngoma'' kuma tana nufin abubuwan da suka faru, duka abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa kamar haila ta farko, haihuwa ko rasuwar ƙaunatacce, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar bukukuwa, al'adu, ko gasa. A cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, Ngoma ita ce babban nau'in kiɗa da rawa a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna da [[Kudancin Afirka]].<ref> name="Stone_08" </ref> A yau, nau'in kiɗa ne a [[Tanzaniya]], wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙasa ''(BASATA - Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa)'' ta ɗauka a matsayin nau'in kiɗa na hukuma. A [[Tanzaniya]], ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasa, koyarwa, da karatu a makarantu da jami'o'i. Kwalejin ƙasa ta ngoma ita ce Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Bagamoyo, wadda ta samar da mawaƙa da masu rawa da yawa na ngoma. Nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya na ngoma sun ƙunshi motsin kwatangwalo masu kyau. Waƙoƙin kiɗan suna amfani da kayan kida iri-iri, gami da kayan kida na gargajiya da ƙaho, amma mafi mahimmanci amfani da ganguna . A wasu al'adun gargajiya, ba a amfani da kayan kida, kamar a cikin rawar Ambrokoi ta Maasai ko Ligihu ta Ngoni . Waɗannan yawanci rawa ne da tsalle da tattaka, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi suna da fa'ida fiye da waɗannan rawa da kayan kida. == Tarihi == Kafin mulkin mallaka, ngoma shine babban nau'in al'adu a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ngoma shine hulɗa tsakanin tsofaffi da matasa. Wannan ya kasance hanyar koyar da matasa, da kuma koyo game da matasa don sanin yadda za su jagorance su a rayuwa mafi kyau.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an haramta ngoma saboda gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna kallonsa a matsayin wanda ba na Kirista ba kuma yana hana tsarin wayewa. 'Yan Tanzaniya sun ƙirƙiri wani sabon nau'in ngoma da ake kira mganda da fatan zai jawo hankalin masu mulkin mallaka. Mganda ngoma ta ɗauki kayan sawa na kayan soja na yamma da tufafi. Ta kuma ɗauki wasu kayan aikin soja.<ref> name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Wannan daga ƙarshe zai zama nau'in kiɗan manyan mawaƙa. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyi na farko sun buɗe a [[Dar es Salaam]] da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]] don waɗannan mawaƙan mganda ngoma su yi wasa. An fara kunna kiɗansu a rediyo kuma an yi rikodin su a cikin situdiyo. Waƙar Mganda ngoma ta shahara sosai kuma ta zama sananne da dansi ''(jazz na rawa)'' a yau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Tanzaniya [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Tanganyika|(TANU)]] ta mai da hankali sosai kan komawa ga gargajiyar Ngoma. {{Cquote|''"When we were at school we were taught to sing the songs of the Europeans. How many of us were taught the songs of the Wanyamwezi or of the Wahehe? Many of us have learnt to dance the ‘‘rumba’’ or the ‘‘chachacha’’ to ‘‘rock’n’roll’’ and to ‘‘twist.’’...But how many of us can dance, or have even heard of, the Gombe Sugu, the Mangala, the Konge, Nyang’umumi, Kiduo or Lele Mama? ... And even though we dance and play the piano, how often does that dancing ...really give us the sort of thrill we get from dancing the mganda or the gombe sugu even though the music may be no more than the shaking of pebbles in a tin? It is hard for any man to get much real excitement from dances and music which are not in his own blood."''}} Duk da cewa wannan ya ɗan yi nasara, TANU ba ta taɓa samun nasarar cimma burin da aka tsara a jawabin farko na Nyerere ba. Har ma TANU ta yi amfani da dansi da kwaya a matsayin kayan aiki na farko don ilimi, manufofin ƙasa da siyasa. TANU ta yi nasara wajen haɓaka fasaha gabaɗaya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin ilimin fasaha. Hakanan ya ba kabilu damar komawa yin aikin ngoma cikin 'yanci, wanda yawancinsu ke yi a cikin duhu a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. Bayan gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki na 1985, ngoma ta canza rawar da take takawa a cikin rayuwar ƙasa da ƙabila.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da cewa har yanzu tana da farin jini sosai, ba kasafai dattawa ke koyar da ita ga matasa kamar yadda take a da ba. <ref>name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka ngoma har yanzu tana da farin jini kuma ta yaɗu a yau. Ƙungiyoyin Ngoma sun koma ga zamani da tallata kiɗa da rawa, don yin gasa a kasuwanci. <ref> name="Sanga_13" </ref> Rawa ɗaya na iya ƙunsar fannoni daban-daban na kabilanci da yanki gwargwadon iko don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, musamman dattawa, yayin da kuma amfani da wahayi da yawa daga wasu nau'ikan kiɗa kamar dansi ko bongo flava don jan hankalin matasa. <ref> name="Sanga_19" </ref> <ref> name="Stockt_19" </ref> Bugu da ƙari, ngoma ya sabunta amfani da kayan kida. Yawancin kayan kida na gargajiya ba su samuwa ko kuma za a iya yin su. A yau, ana amfani da kayan kida da kayan kida na zamani, kamar gita, madannai, makirufo, da amplifiers. == Manazarta == 00l2fwfhc6la49l4jyyrgksue254uk7 827030 827029 2026-04-27T11:28:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 827030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Fayil:Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg|right|thumb|Ƙungiyar Ngoma ta Tanzaniya]] '''Ngoma''' ''(wanda kuma ake kira ng'oma ko ing'oma)'' kalma ce [[Harshen Swahili|ta Swahili]] wacce ke da ma'anoni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kiɗa, rawa, da kayan kida. A [[Tanzaniya]], ''ngoma'' kuma tana nufin abubuwan da suka faru, duka abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa kamar haila ta farko, haihuwa ko rasuwar ƙaunatacce, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar bukukuwa, al'adu, ko gasa. A cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, Ngoma ita ce babban nau'in kiɗa da rawa a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna da [[Kudancin Afirka]].<ref> name="Stone_08" </ref> A yau, nau'in kiɗa ne a [[Tanzaniya]], wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙasa ''(BASATA - Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa)'' ta ɗauka a matsayin nau'in kiɗa na hukuma. A [[Tanzaniya]], ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasa, koyarwa, da karatu a makarantu da jami'o'i. Kwalejin ƙasa ta ngoma ita ce Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Bagamoyo, wadda ta samar da mawaƙa da masu rawa da yawa na ngoma. Nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya na ngoma sun ƙunshi motsin kwatangwalo masu kyau. Waƙoƙin kiɗan suna amfani da kayan kida iri-iri, gami da kayan kida na gargajiya da ƙaho, amma mafi mahimmanci amfani da ganguna . A wasu al'adun gargajiya, ba a amfani da kayan kida, kamar a cikin rawar Ambrokoi ta Maasai ko Ligihu ta Ngoni . Waɗannan yawanci rawa ne da tsalle da tattaka, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi suna da fa'ida fiye da waɗannan rawa da kayan kida. == Tarihi == Kafin mulkin mallaka, ngoma shine babban nau'in al'adu a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ngoma shine hulɗa tsakanin tsofaffi da matasa. Wannan ya kasance hanyar koyar da matasa, da kuma koyo game da matasa don sanin yadda za su jagorance su a rayuwa mafi kyau.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an haramta ngoma saboda gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna kallonsa a matsayin wanda ba na Kirista ba kuma yana hana tsarin wayewa. 'Yan Tanzaniya sun ƙirƙiri wani sabon nau'in ngoma da ake kira mganda da fatan zai jawo hankalin masu mulkin mallaka. Mganda ngoma ta ɗauki kayan sawa na kayan soja na yamma da tufafi. Ta kuma ɗauki wasu kayan aikin soja.<ref> name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Wannan daga ƙarshe zai zama nau'in kiɗan manyan mawaƙa. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyi na farko sun buɗe a [[Dar es Salaam]] da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]] don waɗannan mawaƙan mganda ngoma su yi wasa. An fara kunna kiɗansu a rediyo kuma an yi rikodin su a cikin situdiyo. Waƙar Mganda ngoma ta shahara sosai kuma ta zama sananne da dansi ''(jazz na rawa)'' a yau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Tanzaniya [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Tanganyika|(TANU)]] ta mai da hankali sosai kan komawa ga gargajiyar Ngoma. {{Cquote|''"When we were at school we were taught to sing the songs of the Europeans. How many of us were taught the songs of the Wanyamwezi or of the Wahehe? Many of us have learnt to dance the ‘‘rumba’’ or the ‘‘chachacha’’ to ‘‘rock’n’roll’’ and to ‘‘twist.’’...But how many of us can dance, or have even heard of, the Gombe Sugu, the Mangala, the Konge, Nyang’umumi, Kiduo or Lele Mama? ... And even though we dance and play the piano, how often does that dancing ...really give us the sort of thrill we get from dancing the mganda or the gombe sugu even though the music may be no more than the shaking of pebbles in a tin? It is hard for any man to get much real excitement from dances and music which are not in his own blood."''}} Duk da cewa wannan ya ɗan yi nasara, TANU ba ta taɓa samun nasarar cimma burin da aka tsara a jawabin farko na Nyerere ba. Har ma TANU ta yi amfani da dansi da kwaya a matsayin kayan aiki na farko don ilimi, manufofin ƙasa da siyasa. TANU ta yi nasara wajen haɓaka fasaha gabaɗaya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin ilimin fasaha. Hakanan ya ba kabilu damar komawa yin aikin ngoma cikin 'yanci, wanda yawancinsu ke yi a cikin duhu a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. Bayan gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki na 1985, ngoma ta canza rawar da take takawa a cikin rayuwar ƙasa da ƙabila.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da cewa har yanzu tana da farin jini sosai, ba kasafai dattawa ke koyar da ita ga matasa kamar yadda take a da ba.<ref>name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka ngoma har yanzu tana da farin jini kuma ta yaɗu a yau. Ƙungiyoyin Ngoma sun koma ga zamani da tallata kiɗa da rawa, don yin gasa a kasuwanci. <ref> name="Sanga_13" </ref> Rawa ɗaya na iya ƙunsar fannoni daban-daban na kabilanci da yanki gwargwadon iko don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, musamman dattawa, yayin da kuma amfani da wahayi da yawa daga wasu nau'ikan kiɗa kamar dansi ko bongo flava don jan hankalin matasa. <ref> name="Sanga_19" </ref> <ref> name="Stockt_19" </ref> Bugu da ƙari, ngoma ya sabunta amfani da kayan kida. Yawancin kayan kida na gargajiya ba su samuwa ko kuma za a iya yin su. A yau, ana amfani da kayan kida da kayan kida na zamani, kamar gita, madannai, makirufo, da amplifiers. == Manazarta == oiqxr4l666s54segramovvgp2nu7bur 827031 827030 2026-04-27T11:28:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 827031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Fayil:Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg|right|thumb|Ƙungiyar Ngoma ta Tanzaniya]] '''Ngoma''' ''(wanda kuma ake kira ng'oma ko ing'oma)'' kalma ce [[Harshen Swahili|ta Swahili]] wacce ke da ma'anoni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kiɗa, rawa, da kayan kida. A [[Tanzaniya]], ''ngoma'' kuma tana nufin abubuwan da suka faru, duka abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa kamar haila ta farko, haihuwa ko rasuwar ƙaunatacce, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar bukukuwa, al'adu, ko gasa. A cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, Ngoma ita ce babban nau'in kiɗa da rawa a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna da [[Kudancin Afirka]].<ref> name="Stone_08" </ref> A yau, nau'in kiɗa ne a [[Tanzaniya]], wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙasa ''(BASATA - Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa)'' ta ɗauka a matsayin nau'in kiɗa na hukuma. A [[Tanzaniya]], ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasa, koyarwa, da karatu a makarantu da jami'o'i. Kwalejin ƙasa ta ngoma ita ce Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Bagamoyo, wadda ta samar da mawaƙa da masu rawa da yawa na ngoma. Nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya na ngoma sun ƙunshi motsin kwatangwalo masu kyau. Waƙoƙin kiɗan suna amfani da kayan kida iri-iri, gami da kayan kida na gargajiya da ƙaho, amma mafi mahimmanci amfani da ganguna . A wasu al'adun gargajiya, ba a amfani da kayan kida, kamar a cikin rawar Ambrokoi ta Maasai ko Ligihu ta Ngoni . Waɗannan yawanci rawa ne da tsalle da tattaka, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi suna da fa'ida fiye da waɗannan rawa da kayan kida. == Tarihi == Kafin mulkin mallaka, ngoma shine babban nau'in al'adu a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ngoma shine hulɗa tsakanin tsofaffi da matasa. Wannan ya kasance hanyar koyar da matasa, da kuma koyo game da matasa don sanin yadda za su jagorance su a rayuwa mafi kyau.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an haramta ngoma saboda gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna kallonsa a matsayin wanda ba na Kirista ba kuma yana hana tsarin wayewa. 'Yan Tanzaniya sun ƙirƙiri wani sabon nau'in ngoma da ake kira mganda da fatan zai jawo hankalin masu mulkin mallaka. Mganda ngoma ta ɗauki kayan sawa na kayan soja na yamma da tufafi. Ta kuma ɗauki wasu kayan aikin soja.<ref> name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Wannan daga ƙarshe zai zama nau'in kiɗan manyan mawaƙa. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyi na farko sun buɗe a [[Dar es Salaam]] da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]] don waɗannan mawaƙan mganda ngoma su yi wasa. An fara kunna kiɗansu a rediyo kuma an yi rikodin su a cikin situdiyo. Waƙar Mganda ngoma ta shahara sosai kuma ta zama sananne da dansi ''(jazz na rawa)'' a yau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Tanzaniya [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Tanganyika|(TANU)]] ta mai da hankali sosai kan komawa ga gargajiyar Ngoma. {{Cquote|''"When we were at school we were taught to sing the songs of the Europeans. How many of us were taught the songs of the Wanyamwezi or of the Wahehe? Many of us have learnt to dance the ‘‘rumba’’ or the ‘‘chachacha’’ to ‘‘rock’n’roll’’ and to ‘‘twist.’’...But how many of us can dance, or have even heard of, the Gombe Sugu, the Mangala, the Konge, Nyang’umumi, Kiduo or Lele Mama? ... And even though we dance and play the piano, how often does that dancing ...really give us the sort of thrill we get from dancing the mganda or the gombe sugu even though the music may be no more than the shaking of pebbles in a tin? It is hard for any man to get much real excitement from dances and music which are not in his own blood."''}} Duk da cewa wannan ya ɗan yi nasara, TANU ba ta taɓa samun nasarar cimma burin da aka tsara a jawabin farko na Nyerere ba. Har ma TANU ta yi amfani da dansi da kwaya a matsayin kayan aiki na farko don ilimi, manufofin ƙasa da siyasa. TANU ta yi nasara wajen haɓaka fasaha gabaɗaya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin ilimin fasaha. Hakanan ya ba kabilu damar komawa yin aikin ngoma cikin 'yanci, wanda yawancinsu ke yi a cikin duhu a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. Bayan gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki na 1985, ngoma ta canza rawar da take takawa a cikin rayuwar ƙasa da ƙabila.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da cewa har yanzu tana da farin jini sosai, ba kasafai dattawa ke koyar da ita ga matasa kamar yadda take a da ba.<ref>name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka ngoma har yanzu tana da farin jini kuma ta yaɗu a yau. Ƙungiyoyin Ngoma sun koma ga zamani da tallata kiɗa da rawa, don yin gasa a kasuwanci.<ref> name="Sanga_13" </ref> Rawa ɗaya na iya ƙunsar fannoni daban-daban na kabilanci da yanki gwargwadon iko don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, musamman dattawa, yayin da kuma amfani da wahayi da yawa daga wasu nau'ikan kiɗa kamar dansi ko bongo flava don jan hankalin matasa. <ref> name="Sanga_19" </ref> <ref> name="Stockt_19" </ref> Bugu da ƙari, ngoma ya sabunta amfani da kayan kida. Yawancin kayan kida na gargajiya ba su samuwa ko kuma za a iya yin su. A yau, ana amfani da kayan kida da kayan kida na zamani, kamar gita, madannai, makirufo, da amplifiers. == Manazarta == 9jy7p9evnpgg93ksg8jusnl8hhnzhoe 827033 827031 2026-04-27T11:28:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 827033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Fayil:Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg|right|thumb|Ƙungiyar Ngoma ta Tanzaniya]] '''Ngoma''' ''(wanda kuma ake kira ng'oma ko ing'oma)'' kalma ce [[Harshen Swahili|ta Swahili]] wacce ke da ma'anoni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kiɗa, rawa, da kayan kida. A [[Tanzaniya]], ''ngoma'' kuma tana nufin abubuwan da suka faru, duka abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa kamar haila ta farko, haihuwa ko rasuwar ƙaunatacce, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar bukukuwa, al'adu, ko gasa. A cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, Ngoma ita ce babban nau'in kiɗa da rawa a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna da [[Kudancin Afirka]].<ref> name="Stone_08" </ref> A yau, nau'in kiɗa ne a [[Tanzaniya]], wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙasa ''(BASATA - Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa)'' ta ɗauka a matsayin nau'in kiɗa na hukuma. A [[Tanzaniya]], ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasa, koyarwa, da karatu a makarantu da jami'o'i. Kwalejin ƙasa ta ngoma ita ce Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Bagamoyo, wadda ta samar da mawaƙa da masu rawa da yawa na ngoma. Nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya na ngoma sun ƙunshi motsin kwatangwalo masu kyau. Waƙoƙin kiɗan suna amfani da kayan kida iri-iri, gami da kayan kida na gargajiya da ƙaho, amma mafi mahimmanci amfani da ganguna . A wasu al'adun gargajiya, ba a amfani da kayan kida, kamar a cikin rawar Ambrokoi ta Maasai ko Ligihu ta Ngoni . Waɗannan yawanci rawa ne da tsalle da tattaka, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi suna da fa'ida fiye da waɗannan rawa da kayan kida. == Tarihi == Kafin mulkin mallaka, ngoma shine babban nau'in al'adu a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ngoma shine hulɗa tsakanin tsofaffi da matasa. Wannan ya kasance hanyar koyar da matasa, da kuma koyo game da matasa don sanin yadda za su jagorance su a rayuwa mafi kyau.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an haramta ngoma saboda gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna kallonsa a matsayin wanda ba na Kirista ba kuma yana hana tsarin wayewa. 'Yan Tanzaniya sun ƙirƙiri wani sabon nau'in ngoma da ake kira mganda da fatan zai jawo hankalin masu mulkin mallaka. Mganda ngoma ta ɗauki kayan sawa na kayan soja na yamma da tufafi. Ta kuma ɗauki wasu kayan aikin soja.<ref> name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Wannan daga ƙarshe zai zama nau'in kiɗan manyan mawaƙa. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyi na farko sun buɗe a [[Dar es Salaam]] da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]] don waɗannan mawaƙan mganda ngoma su yi wasa. An fara kunna kiɗansu a rediyo kuma an yi rikodin su a cikin situdiyo. Waƙar Mganda ngoma ta shahara sosai kuma ta zama sananne da dansi ''(jazz na rawa)'' a yau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Tanzaniya [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Tanganyika|(TANU)]] ta mai da hankali sosai kan komawa ga gargajiyar Ngoma. {{Cquote|''"When we were at school we were taught to sing the songs of the Europeans. How many of us were taught the songs of the Wanyamwezi or of the Wahehe? Many of us have learnt to dance the ‘‘rumba’’ or the ‘‘chachacha’’ to ‘‘rock’n’roll’’ and to ‘‘twist.’’...But how many of us can dance, or have even heard of, the Gombe Sugu, the Mangala, the Konge, Nyang’umumi, Kiduo or Lele Mama? ... And even though we dance and play the piano, how often does that dancing ...really give us the sort of thrill we get from dancing the mganda or the gombe sugu even though the music may be no more than the shaking of pebbles in a tin? It is hard for any man to get much real excitement from dances and music which are not in his own blood."''}} Duk da cewa wannan ya ɗan yi nasara, TANU ba ta taɓa samun nasarar cimma burin da aka tsara a jawabin farko na Nyerere ba. Har ma TANU ta yi amfani da dansi da kwaya a matsayin kayan aiki na farko don ilimi, manufofin ƙasa da siyasa. TANU ta yi nasara wajen haɓaka fasaha gabaɗaya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin ilimin fasaha. Hakanan ya ba kabilu damar komawa yin aikin ngoma cikin 'yanci, wanda yawancinsu ke yi a cikin duhu a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. Bayan gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki na 1985, ngoma ta canza rawar da take takawa a cikin rayuwar ƙasa da ƙabila.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da cewa har yanzu tana da farin jini sosai, ba kasafai dattawa ke koyar da ita ga matasa kamar yadda take a da ba.<ref>name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka ngoma har yanzu tana da farin jini kuma ta yaɗu a yau. Ƙungiyoyin Ngoma sun koma ga zamani da tallata kiɗa da rawa, don yin gasa a kasuwanci.<ref> name="Sanga_13" </ref> Rawa ɗaya na iya ƙunsar fannoni daban-daban na kabilanci da yanki gwargwadon iko don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, musamman dattawa, yayin da kuma amfani da wahayi da yawa daga wasu nau'ikan kiɗa kamar dansi ko bongo flava don jan hankalin matasa.<ref> name="Sanga_19" </ref><ref> name="Stockt_19" </ref> Bugu da ƙari, ngoma ya sabunta amfani da kayan kida. Yawancin kayan kida na gargajiya ba su samuwa ko kuma za a iya yin su. A yau, ana amfani da kayan kida da kayan kida na zamani, kamar gita, madannai, makirufo, da amplifiers. == Manazarta == hrkw3tdzludw2kkyq8eyglmyhuw7wgq 827034 827033 2026-04-27T11:29:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 827034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Fayil:Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg|right|thumb|Ƙungiyar Ngoma ta Tanzaniya]] '''Ngoma''' ''(wanda kuma ake kira ng'oma ko ing'oma)'' kalma ce [[Harshen Swahili|ta Swahili]] wacce ke da ma'anoni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kiɗa, rawa, da kayan kida. A [[Tanzaniya]], ''ngoma'' kuma tana nufin abubuwan da suka faru, duka abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa kamar haila ta farko, haihuwa ko rasuwar ƙaunatacce, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar bukukuwa, al'adu, ko gasa. A cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, Ngoma ita ce babban nau'in kiɗa da rawa a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna da [[Kudancin Afirka]].<ref> name="Stone_08" </ref> A yau, nau'in kiɗa ne a [[Tanzaniya]], wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙasa ''(BASATA - Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa)'' ta ɗauka a matsayin nau'in kiɗa na hukuma. A [[Tanzaniya]], ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasa, koyarwa, da karatu a makarantu da jami'o'i. Kwalejin ƙasa ta ngoma ita ce Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Bagamoyo, wadda ta samar da mawaƙa da masu rawa da yawa na ngoma. Nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya na ngoma sun ƙunshi motsin kwatangwalo masu kyau. Waƙoƙin kiɗan suna amfani da kayan kida iri-iri, gami da kayan kida na gargajiya da ƙaho, amma mafi mahimmanci amfani da ganguna . A wasu al'adun gargajiya, ba a amfani da kayan kida, kamar a cikin rawar Ambrokoi ta Maasai ko Ligihu ta Ngoni . Waɗannan yawanci rawa ne da tsalle da tattaka, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi suna da fa'ida fiye da waɗannan rawa da kayan kida. == Tarihi == Kafin mulkin mallaka, ngoma shine babban nau'in al'adu a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ngoma shine hulɗa tsakanin tsofaffi da matasa. Wannan ya kasance hanyar koyar da matasa, da kuma koyo game da matasa don sanin yadda za su jagorance su a rayuwa mafi kyau.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an haramta ngoma saboda gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna kallonsa a matsayin wanda ba na Kirista ba kuma yana hana tsarin wayewa. 'Yan Tanzaniya sun ƙirƙiri wani sabon nau'in ngoma da ake kira mganda da fatan zai jawo hankalin masu mulkin mallaka. Mganda ngoma ta ɗauki kayan sawa na kayan soja na yamma da tufafi. Ta kuma ɗauki wasu kayan aikin soja.<ref> name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Wannan daga ƙarshe zai zama nau'in kiɗan manyan mawaƙa. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyi na farko sun buɗe a [[Dar es Salaam]] da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]] don waɗannan mawaƙan mganda ngoma su yi wasa. An fara kunna kiɗansu a rediyo kuma an yi rikodin su a cikin situdiyo. Waƙar Mganda ngoma ta shahara sosai kuma ta zama sananne da dansi ''(jazz na rawa)'' a yau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Tanzaniya [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Tanganyika|(TANU)]] ta mai da hankali sosai kan komawa ga gargajiyar Ngoma. {{Cquote|''"When we were at school we were taught to sing the songs of the Europeans. How many of us were taught the songs of the Wanyamwezi or of the Wahehe? Many of us have learnt to dance the ‘‘rumba’’ or the ‘‘chachacha’’ to ‘‘rock’n’roll’’ and to ‘‘twist.’’...But how many of us can dance, or have even heard of, the Gombe Sugu, the Mangala, the Konge, Nyang’umumi, Kiduo or Lele Mama? ... And even though we dance and play the piano, how often does that dancing ...really give us the sort of thrill we get from dancing the mganda or the gombe sugu even though the music may be no more than the shaking of pebbles in a tin? It is hard for any man to get much real excitement from dances and music which are not in his own blood."''}} Duk da cewa wannan ya ɗan yi nasara, TANU ba ta taɓa samun nasarar cimma burin da aka tsara a jawabin farko na Nyerere ba. Har ma TANU ta yi amfani da dansi da kwaya a matsayin kayan aiki na farko don ilimi, manufofin ƙasa da siyasa. TANU ta yi nasara wajen haɓaka fasaha gabaɗaya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin ilimin fasaha. Hakanan ya ba kabilu damar komawa yin aikin ngoma cikin 'yanci, wanda yawancinsu ke yi a cikin duhu a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. Bayan gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki na 1985, ngoma ta canza rawar da take takawa a cikin rayuwar ƙasa da ƙabila.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da cewa har yanzu tana da farin jini sosai, ba kasafai dattawa ke koyar da ita ga matasa kamar yadda take a da ba.<ref>name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka ngoma har yanzu tana da farin jini kuma ta yaɗu a yau. Ƙungiyoyin Ngoma sun koma ga zamani da tallata kiɗa da rawa, don yin gasa a kasuwanci.<ref> name="Sanga_13" </ref> Rawa ɗaya na iya ƙunsar fannoni daban-daban na kabilanci da yanki gwargwadon iko don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, musamman dattawa, yayin da kuma amfani da wahayi da yawa daga wasu nau'ikan kiɗa kamar dansi ko bongo flava don jan hankalin matasa.<ref> name="Sanga_19" </ref><ref> name="Stockt_19" </ref> Bugu da ƙari, ngoma ya sabunta amfani da kayan kida. Yawancin kayan kida na gargajiya ba su samuwa ko kuma za a iya yin su. A yau, ana amfani da kayan kida da kayan kida na zamani, kamar gita, madannai, makirufo, da amplifiers. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} stwsc7ratnjccd5vzfkch8r3i3tzzkr 827035 827034 2026-04-27T11:29:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 827035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[Fayil:Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg|right|thumb|Ƙungiyar Ngoma ta Tanzaniya]] '''Ngoma''' ''(wanda kuma ake kira ng'oma ko ing'oma)'' kalma ce [[Harshen Swahili|ta Swahili]] wacce ke da ma'anoni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kiɗa, rawa, da kayan kida. A [[Tanzaniya]], ''ngoma'' kuma tana nufin abubuwan da suka faru, duka abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa kamar haila ta farko, haihuwa ko rasuwar ƙaunatacce, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar bukukuwa, al'adu, ko gasa. A cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, Ngoma ita ce babban nau'in kiɗa da rawa a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna da [[Kudancin Afirka]].<ref> name="Stone_08" </ref> A yau, nau'in kiɗa ne a [[Tanzaniya]], wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙasa ''(BASATA - Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa)'' ta ɗauka a matsayin nau'in kiɗa na hukuma. A [[Tanzaniya]], ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasa, koyarwa, da karatu a makarantu da jami'o'i. Kwalejin ƙasa ta ngoma ita ce Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Bagamoyo, wadda ta samar da mawaƙa da masu rawa da yawa na ngoma. Nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya na ngoma sun ƙunshi motsin kwatangwalo masu kyau. Waƙoƙin kiɗan suna amfani da kayan kida iri-iri, gami da kayan kida na gargajiya da ƙaho, amma mafi mahimmanci amfani da ganguna . A wasu al'adun gargajiya, ba a amfani da kayan kida, kamar a cikin rawar Ambrokoi ta Maasai ko Ligihu ta Ngoni . Waɗannan yawanci rawa ne da tsalle da tattaka, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi suna da fa'ida fiye da waɗannan rawa da kayan kida. == Tarihi == Kafin mulkin mallaka, ngoma shine babban nau'in al'adu a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ngoma shine hulɗa tsakanin tsofaffi da matasa. Wannan ya kasance hanyar koyar da matasa, da kuma koyo game da matasa don sanin yadda za su jagorance su a rayuwa mafi kyau.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an haramta ngoma saboda gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna kallonsa a matsayin wanda ba na Kirista ba kuma yana hana tsarin wayewa. 'Yan Tanzaniya sun ƙirƙiri wani sabon nau'in ngoma da ake kira mganda da fatan zai jawo hankalin masu mulkin mallaka. Mganda ngoma ta ɗauki kayan sawa na kayan soja na yamma da tufafi. Ta kuma ɗauki wasu kayan aikin soja.<ref> name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Wannan daga ƙarshe zai zama nau'in kiɗan manyan mawaƙa. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyi na farko sun buɗe a [[Dar es Salaam]] da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]] don waɗannan mawaƙan mganda ngoma su yi wasa. An fara kunna kiɗansu a rediyo kuma an yi rikodin su a cikin situdiyo. Waƙar Mganda ngoma ta shahara sosai kuma ta zama sananne da dansi ''(jazz na rawa)'' a yau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Tanzaniya [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Tanganyika|(TANU)]] ta mai da hankali sosai kan komawa ga gargajiyar Ngoma. {{Cquote|''"When we were at school we were taught to sing the songs of the Europeans. How many of us were taught the songs of the Wanyamwezi or of the Wahehe? Many of us have learnt to dance the ‘‘rumba’’ or the ‘‘chachacha’’ to ‘‘rock’n’roll’’ and to ‘‘twist.’’...But how many of us can dance, or have even heard of, the Gombe Sugu, the Mangala, the Konge, Nyang’umumi, Kiduo or Lele Mama? ... And even though we dance and play the piano, how often does that dancing ...really give us the sort of thrill we get from dancing the mganda or the gombe sugu even though the music may be no more than the shaking of pebbles in a tin? It is hard for any man to get much real excitement from dances and music which are not in his own blood."''}} Duk da cewa wannan ya ɗan yi nasara, TANU ba ta taɓa samun nasarar cimma burin da aka tsara a jawabin farko na Nyerere ba. Har ma TANU ta yi amfani da dansi da kwaya a matsayin kayan aiki na farko don ilimi, manufofin ƙasa da siyasa. TANU ta yi nasara wajen haɓaka fasaha gabaɗaya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin ilimin fasaha. Hakanan ya ba kabilu damar komawa yin aikin ngoma cikin 'yanci, wanda yawancinsu ke yi a cikin duhu a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. Bayan gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki na 1985, ngoma ta canza rawar da take takawa a cikin rayuwar ƙasa da ƙabila.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da cewa har yanzu tana da farin jini sosai, ba kasafai dattawa ke koyar da ita ga matasa kamar yadda take a da ba.<ref>name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka ngoma har yanzu tana da farin jini kuma ta yaɗu a yau. Ƙungiyoyin Ngoma sun koma ga zamani da tallata kiɗa da rawa, don yin gasa a kasuwanci.<ref> name="Sanga_13" </ref> Rawa ɗaya na iya ƙunsar fannoni daban-daban na kabilanci da yanki gwargwadon iko don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, musamman dattawa, yayin da kuma amfani da wahayi da yawa daga wasu nau'ikan kiɗa kamar dansi ko bongo flava don jan hankalin matasa.<ref> name="Sanga_19" </ref><ref> name="Stockt_19" </ref> Bugu da ƙari, ngoma ya sabunta amfani da kayan kida. Yawancin kayan kida na gargajiya ba su samuwa ko kuma za a iya yin su. A yau, ana amfani da kayan kida da kayan kida na zamani, kamar gita, madannai, makirufo, da amplifiers. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 7nhj7m846xeokb1lq9syetuhkf3jbax 827036 827035 2026-04-27T11:29:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 827036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[Fayil:Ngoma_Tanzania.jpg|right|thumb|Ƙungiyar Ngoma ta Tanzaniya]] '''Ngoma''' ''(wanda kuma ake kira ng'oma ko ing'oma)'' kalma ce [[Harshen Swahili|ta Swahili]] wacce ke da ma'anoni da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kiɗa, rawa, da kayan kida. A [[Tanzaniya]], ''ngoma'' kuma tana nufin abubuwan da suka faru, duka abubuwan da suka canza rayuwa kamar haila ta farko, haihuwa ko rasuwar ƙaunatacce, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar bukukuwa, al'adu, ko gasa. A cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, Ngoma ita ce babban nau'in kiɗa da rawa a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna da [[Kudancin Afirka]].<ref> name="Stone_08" </ref> A yau, nau'in kiɗa ne a [[Tanzaniya]], wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Ƙasa ''(BASATA - Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa)'' ta ɗauka a matsayin nau'in kiɗa na hukuma. A [[Tanzaniya]], ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasa, koyarwa, da karatu a makarantu da jami'o'i. Kwalejin ƙasa ta ngoma ita ce Cibiyar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Bagamoyo, wadda ta samar da mawaƙa da masu rawa da yawa na ngoma. Nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya na ngoma sun ƙunshi motsin kwatangwalo masu kyau. Waƙoƙin kiɗan suna amfani da kayan kida iri-iri, gami da kayan kida na gargajiya da ƙaho, amma mafi mahimmanci amfani da ganguna . A wasu al'adun gargajiya, ba a amfani da kayan kida, kamar a cikin rawar Ambrokoi ta Maasai ko Ligihu ta Ngoni . Waɗannan yawanci rawa ne da tsalle da tattaka, tare da motsi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi suna da fa'ida fiye da waɗannan rawa da kayan kida. == Tarihi == Kafin mulkin mallaka, ngoma shine babban nau'in al'adu a duk faɗin Manyan Tafkuna. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan ngoma shine hulɗa tsakanin tsofaffi da matasa. Wannan ya kasance hanyar koyar da matasa, da kuma koyo game da matasa don sanin yadda za su jagorance su a rayuwa mafi kyau.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, an haramta ngoma saboda gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna kallonsa a matsayin wanda ba na Kirista ba kuma yana hana tsarin wayewa. 'Yan Tanzaniya sun ƙirƙiri wani sabon nau'in ngoma da ake kira mganda da fatan zai jawo hankalin masu mulkin mallaka. Mganda ngoma ta ɗauki kayan sawa na kayan soja na yamma da tufafi. Ta kuma ɗauki wasu kayan aikin soja.<ref> name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Wannan daga ƙarshe zai zama nau'in kiɗan manyan mawaƙa. Daga ƙarshe, ƙungiyoyi na farko sun buɗe a [[Dar es Salaam]] da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]] don waɗannan mawaƙan mganda ngoma su yi wasa. An fara kunna kiɗansu a rediyo kuma an yi rikodin su a cikin situdiyo. Waƙar Mganda ngoma ta shahara sosai kuma ta zama sananne da dansi ''(jazz na rawa)'' a yau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Tanzaniya [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Tanganyika|(TANU)]] ta mai da hankali sosai kan komawa ga gargajiyar Ngoma. {{Cquote|''"When we were at school we were taught to sing the songs of the Europeans. How many of us were taught the songs of the Wanyamwezi or of the Wahehe? Many of us have learnt to dance the ‘‘rumba’’ or the ‘‘chachacha’’ to ‘‘rock’n’roll’’ and to ‘‘twist.’’...But how many of us can dance, or have even heard of, the Gombe Sugu, the Mangala, the Konge, Nyang’umumi, Kiduo or Lele Mama? ... And even though we dance and play the piano, how often does that dancing ...really give us the sort of thrill we get from dancing the mganda or the gombe sugu even though the music may be no more than the shaking of pebbles in a tin? It is hard for any man to get much real excitement from dances and music which are not in his own blood."''}} Duk da cewa wannan ya ɗan yi nasara, TANU ba ta taɓa samun nasarar cimma burin da aka tsara a jawabin farko na Nyerere ba. Har ma TANU ta yi amfani da dansi da kwaya a matsayin kayan aiki na farko don ilimi, manufofin ƙasa da siyasa. TANU ta yi nasara wajen haɓaka fasaha gabaɗaya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin ilimin fasaha. Hakanan ya ba kabilu damar komawa yin aikin ngoma cikin 'yanci, wanda yawancinsu ke yi a cikin duhu a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. Bayan gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki na 1985, ngoma ta canza rawar da take takawa a cikin rayuwar ƙasa da ƙabila.<ref> name="Sanga_13">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2013-03-27 |title=Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-137461 |url-status=live |journal=Swahili Forum |location=[[Mainz, Germany]] |publisher=[[University of Bayreuth]], [[University of Leipzig]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=67–84 |issn=1614-2373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125300/https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/?tx_dlf&#91;id&#93;=https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A12331%2Fmets |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da cewa har yanzu tana da farin jini sosai, ba kasafai dattawa ke koyar da ita ga matasa kamar yadda take a da ba.<ref>name="Sanga_19">{{Cite journal |last=Sanga |first=Daines Nicodem |date=2019-12-10 |title=Global Impacts upon Ngoma |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |url-status=live |journal=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=126–144 |doi=10.1163/26836408-14010007 |issn=2683-6408 |s2cid=199148535 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608065908/https://brill.com/view/journals/utaf/14/1/article-p126_7.xml |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka ngoma har yanzu tana da farin jini kuma ta yaɗu a yau. Ƙungiyoyin Ngoma sun koma ga zamani da tallata kiɗa da rawa, don yin gasa a kasuwanci.<ref> name="Sanga_13" </ref> Rawa ɗaya na iya ƙunsar fannoni daban-daban na kabilanci da yanki gwargwadon iko don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, musamman dattawa, yayin da kuma amfani da wahayi da yawa daga wasu nau'ikan kiɗa kamar dansi ko bongo flava don jan hankalin matasa.<ref> name="Sanga_19" </ref><ref> name="Stockt_19" </ref> Bugu da ƙari, ngoma ya sabunta amfani da kayan kida. Yawancin kayan kida na gargajiya ba su samuwa ko kuma za a iya yin su. A yau, ana amfani da kayan kida da kayan kida na zamani, kamar gita, madannai, makirufo, da amplifiers. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} pjyxcpbtz604ugap3zfrydzrwk3sutc 0 140309 826843 793804 2026-04-27T01:30:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Forests for the World''' wani wurin shakatawa ne na gari wanda ke cikin Prince George, British Columbia a yankin [[Fraser River|Fraser]]-[[Nechako River|Nechako]]. Yana da sama da kilomita 15 (9.3 na hanyoyi masu amfani da yawa waɗanda suka wuce duka Small Reflection Lake da Shane Lake. Gidajen sun haɗa da ramukan wuta, teburin biki, da hasumiyar kallo. Wannan yanki yana da wurin shakatawa da aka rufe, da kuma dakunan wanka. Yawancin hanyoyi suna haɗuwa da wasu wurare masu yawa a yankin, gami da [[University of Northern British Columbia|UNBC]] Greenway, hanyoyin kankara na Otway, da hanyoyin blue [[spruce]]. Gidan shakatawa gabaɗaya yana da hekta 106, kuma ana ɗaukarsa hanya mai sauƙi / mai farawa. Dajin yana da cakuda bishiyoyi masu laushi da [[coniferous]], akai-akai a cikin spruce, [[Douglas fir]], da [[Pine]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forests for the World - Prince George, BC parks, trails and places - eh Canada Travel |url=https://www.ehcanadatravel.com/british-columbia/northern-bc/prince-george/parks-places/5230-forests-for-the-world.html |access-date=2018-05-23 |website=www.ehcanadatravel.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> Akwai taswira da alamomi da yawa, waɗanda aka watsar a cikin hanyoyin, kodayake hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa na iya zama masu yawa kuma yana da sauƙin rasa hanyarku. Dabbobin da suka saba zuwa yankin sun haɗa da [[Beaver|beavers]], [[Dabbar beya|beyar]], [[moose]], [[Cougar|cougars]], da [[agwagwa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Forests for the World: A bit of Nature, nestled in a northern city {{!}} Northern BC's Only Independent Regional MagazineNorthword Magazine |url=http://northword.ca/features/forests-for-the-world-a-bit-of-nature-nestled-in-a-northern-city/ |access-date=2018-05-23 |website=northword.ca }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tafkin Shane, wanda ke cikin wurin shakatawa, yana ɗauke da [[Trout|kifi]] don kamun kifi kuma yana da tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda biyu da za a jefa daga ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Angler's Atlas |url=https://www.anglersatlas.com/place/101195/shane-lake |access-date=2018-05-23 |website=www.anglersatlas.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == np2lim2pjzq6ybu1do5kqos12adq9bv 0 140530 826651 794740 2026-04-26T13:27:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elmaz Abinader''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1954 a [[Pennsylvania]] ) marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka, mawaƙiya, mai wasan kwaikwayo, farfesa a Turanci a Kwalejin Mills kuma wacce ta kafa Gidauniyar Muryoyin Al'ummarmu ta Fasaha (VONA) . Asalinta ɗan [[Lebanon]] ne. A shekara ta 2000, ta sami lambar yabo ta PEN Oakland/Josephine Miles Literary Award saboda kundin waƙoƙinta ''na "In the Country of My Dreams"...'' == Rayuwa da aiki == Iyayen Abinader sun yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka daga Lebanon. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-14 |title=Meet Elmaz Abinader |url=https://boldjourney.com/meet-elmaz-abinader/ |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=Bold Journey Magazine |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An haifi Abinader a Masontown, wata ƙaramar al'umma mai hakar kwal a kudu maso yammacin [[Pennsylvania]], kuma ta girma a Carmichaels, <ref name=":2" /> tana zaune tare da iyayenta da 'yan uwanta biyar a cikin gida mai tushe sosai a cikin al'adun Lebanon. <ref name=":1" /> Su kaɗai ne dangin Larabawa a garin. <ref name=":0" /> Ta yi yarintarta wajen taimaka wa shagon iyalinta, <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Poetry Everyday – Yemen 1993 |url=https://www.weber.edu/weberjournal/Journal_Archives/Archive_D/Vol_25_1/EAbinaderFocus.html |access-date=11 October 2023 |publisher=[[Weber State University]]}}</ref> tana halartar cocin Katolika sau biyu a rana, kuma tana mai da hankali kan karatunta. Abinader da 'yan uwanta sun fuskanci ƙalubale saboda ƙabilarsu. Ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Carmichaels Area a 1971. Abinader ta sami digirin farko a fannin Rubutu da Sadarwa daga Jami'ar Pittsburgh a shekarar 1974. A wannan lokacin ne ta rungumi gadonta ta kuma rubuta game da tarihin iyalinta, wanda Yaƙin Basasa na Lebanon ya haifar da shi da kuma tasirinsa kan ra'ayin Amurkawa game da mutanen Lebanon. <ref name=":0"/> Ta sami digirin MFA a fannin Waƙa daga Jami'ar Columbia, Makarantar Fasaha Rubuta Waƙoƙi, a shekarar 1978. A shekarar 1985, ta kammala karatun digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Nebraska–Lincoln, tare da digirinta na uku, ''Letters from Home: Stories of Fathers and Sons'' . <ref name=":4" /> A ƙarshen shekarar 1985, Abinader ta koyar da "almara, waƙa, fina-finai da rubuce-rubucen talabijin" a Kwalejin Marymount Manhattan da Jami'ar Nebraska. A watan Oktoban 1985, an naɗa Abinader a matsayin Schweitzer Humanities Fellowship a Jami'ar Jihar Albany, wanda aka tsara zai ci gaba har zuwa 1987. A lokacin karatunta na jami'a, ta rubuta ''Children of the Roojme'' . A shekarar 1991, Abinader ta buga littafin tarihin rayuwarta, ''Children of the Roojme: A Family's Journey from Lebanon'', wanda shine ɗaya daga cikin littattafan tarihin rayuwar Larabawa na farko da aka buga a al'ada. <ref name=":0"/> A lokacin, tana aiki a matsayin farfesa a fannin Turanci a Kwalejin John Jay da ke Jami'ar City ta New York, tare da shirin fara aiki a matsayin farfesa a fannin almara da ba na almara ba a Jami'ar Jihar San Jose daga baya a wannan shekarar. A shekarar 1997, Abinader da Junot Díaz, Victor Díaz, da Diem Jones, sun kafa VONA/Voices, wani taron bita na marubuta masu launin fata da ke San Francisco. Abinader ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shirin tsawon shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, tare da koyar da bita. <ref name=":0"/> A shekara ta 2002, Abinader tana ɗaya daga cikin marubuta 15 da aka gayyata don su ba da gudummawa ga wani ƙaramin littafin tarihi da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta buga, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan ma'anar zama ɗan Amurka. A halin yanzu Abinader tana koyar da rubuce-rubuce masu ƙirƙira a Kwalejin Mills . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elmaz Abinader |url=https://cssh.northeastern.edu/faculty/elmaz-abinader/ |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=College of Social Sciences and Humanities |language=en-us}}</ref> == Aiki == Littafin farko na Abinader, "Children of the Roojme: A Family's Journey from Lebanon" (Norton, 1991) wani littafi ne da ya ƙunshi tsararraki uku na iyalinta 'yan Lebanon da ƙalubalen neman gida daga ƙasarsu. Littafinta na biyu, In the Country of My Dreams..., tarin waƙoƙi ne da suka mayar da hankali kan nakasa da nau'ikansa daban-daban. Wannan tarin ya lashe kyautar adabi ta PEN Oakland/Josephine Miles don Waƙoƙin Al'adu da Yawa a shekarar 2000 da kuma lambar yabo ta Goldies don Adabi. Tare da littattafanta, ta rubuta kuma ta yi wasa a cikin wasannin kwaikwayo na mace ɗaya: ''Under The Ramadan Moon,'' ''Country of Origin,'' ''32 Mohammeds,'' ''Voices From the Siege,'' da ''The Torture Quartet.'' An yi wasanta na ''Country of Origin'' a Cibiyar Kennedy a shekarar 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elmaz Abinader and the Country of Origin Band |url=http://www.kennedy-center.org/explorer/artists/?entity_id%3D20988%26source_type%3DB |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003081008/http://www.kennedy-center.org/explorer/artists/?entity_id=20988&source_type=B |archive-date=2013-10-03 |access-date=2013-10-15 |website=[[John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Tun daga shekarar 1991, Abinader ta auri Alan Lemke. == Littattafan tarihi == === Littattafai === *   *   *  <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Joudieh |first=Cynthia R. |date=1998 |title=Children of the Roojme: A Family's Journey from Lebanon; Elmaz Abinader |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1949-3606.1998.tb00330.x |journal=Digest of Middle East Studies |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=76–80 |doi=10.1111/j.1949-3606.1998.tb00330.x |issn=1949-3606 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Peckham |first=Susan Atefat |date=1998 |title=Review of Children of the Roojme: A Family's Journey from Lebanon |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40635031 |journal=Prairie Schooner |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=188–191 |issn=0032-6682}}</ref> ** Republished 1997 by [[Mawallafan University of Wisconsin Press|University of Wisconsin Press]] ==== A cikin tarin littattafai ==== *  <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Boullata |first=Issa J. |date=Winter 1990 |title=Grape Leaves: A Century of Arab American Poetry, ed. by Gregory Orfalea and Sharif Elmusa (Book Review) |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/b92149e29739e5f6b31434906f851d80/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1821138 |journal=[[Middle East Journal]] |volume=44 |issue=1 |page=156–157 |id={{ProQuest|<!-- Add ProQuest data here --> }}}}</ref> *  <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Peters |first=Issa |date=Winter 2001 |title=Post-Gibran: Anthology of New Arab American Writing. |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA76629162&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=01963570&p=AONE&sw=w&cookieConsent=true&analyticsOptout=false&userGroupName=anon%7E57e0f77&aty=open-web-entry |journal=[[World Literature Today]] |publisher=[[University of Oklahoma]] |volume=75 |issue=1 |via=Gale}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dykgraaf |first=Christine |date=2005 |title=Review of Post-Gibran Anthology of New Arab American Writing |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29785817 |journal=MELA Notes |issue=78 |pages=84–86 |issn=0364-2410}}</ref> *   === Wasanni === * ''Tunanin Zaman Lafiya'', Cibiyar Southbank, London UK, Oktoba 2010 * ''Ƙasar Asalin'', Bikin Arabesques, Cibiyar Kennedy, Washington DC, Maris 2009 * ''Ƙarya Wariyar Yaƙi'', Cibiyar Al'adu ta La Pena, Berkeley CA Maris 1, 2007 * ''Dakatar da Gobara, Cibiyar Al'adu ta La Pena'', Berkeley, CA, Agusta 2006 * ''Waƙa da Kiɗan Larabawan Amurkawa'', Amazon Lounge, Fresno CA, 20 ga Afrilu, 2006 * ''Muryoyi daga Siege'', an fara gabatar da su a shekarar 2006, Cibiyar Al'adu ta La Pena, Berkeley * ''32 Mohammed'', Martin Segal Theatre, New York NY, Maris 3, 2005 * An fara buga ''The Torture Quartet'' a shekarar 2005, a Jami'ar San Francisco. * ''Flower Girl'', Wyoming Arts Council, Casper College, Casper WY, 2 ga Oktoba, 2004 * ''Mohammed 32'', wanda aka fara gabatarwa, 2004 Jami'ar North Dakota <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abinader |first=Elmaz |last2=Khalife |first2=Tony |date=2004-03-26 |title=Performance: Elmaz Abinader/Tony Khalife |url=https://commons.und.edu/writers-conference/2004/day3/1 |journal=UND Writers Conference}}</ref> * ''Watan Ramadan'', wanda aka fara fitarwa a shekarar 2000, Porter Troupe Gallery, [[San Diego]] * ''Ƙasar Asali'', an fara shi a shekarar 1997, Jami'ar California, Berkeley == Kyaututtuka da wuraren zama == * Marubuta na 2013 a Gidan Zama, Babban Shagon Shakatawa na Ƙasa na Grand Canyon * 2013 Residency Fellowship, Canserrat Artist Residency, Spain * 2011 Koyarwa Fellowship, Taron Rubutu na Falasdinu * Marubuci na 2010 a Gidan zama, El Gouna Writers Residency, Masar * 2010 Quigley Fellowship na bazara * Tallafin Ci gaban Malamai na 2010, Kwalejin Mills * 2007 Arts Fellowship, Silicon Valley Arts Council, Almara * 2006 Residency MacDowell Colony, Peterborough, NH * 2006 Residency, Villa Montalvo, Saratoga, CA * Shugaban Kwalejin Mills na 2003 * An zaɓi Kyautar Pushcart ta 2003 don ''The Silence'' * 2003 Residency, Chateau La Vigny, Switzerland * Kyautar Goldies ta 2002, Girmamawa ga Mai Tsaron San Francisco Bay a Fannin Fasaha * Kyautar Adabi ta 2000 ta Oakland/Josephine Miles, Waƙoƙi * Kyautar Drammy ta 1999, Kyautar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Oregon, don ''Ƙasar Asali'', a IFCC * 1998–1999 Fulbright Babban Malami a Masar * 1997–1998, 2000–2003 Quigley Fellowship * 1994–2005 Tallafin Ci gaban Malamai, Kwalejin Mills * 1996, 1995, 1994 Quigley Summer Fellowship * Kyautar Mafi Kyau ta 1995, Girbin Marubuta, Raba Ƙarfinmu, Annapolis == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4o50hoj6n7eneg74c8kz051kzdhs5au 0 140648 826828 795530 2026-04-26T23:11:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fidyah''' or '''fidiya''' da '''kaffara''' ko '''kaffarah''' gudummawa ce ta addini da ake bayarwa a [[Musulunci]] idan aka rasa wani wajibi na addini (kamar azumin Ramadan) ko kuma aka karya shi. Fidyah tana aiki a matsayin diyya ga lokacin da Musulmi bai iya cika wajibcin ba saboda wasu dalilai da suka fi karfinsu. Kaffarah tana aiki ne da karya azumi ko rashinsa ba tare da wani uzuri mai inganci ba, haka nan kaffara take aiki maimakon diyya, kuma tana buƙatar biyan diyya mai mahimmanci ko aiki fiye da fidya.<ref name="SAPA">{{Cite web |title=What is Fidyah & Kaffarah: 4 Differences Between Fidya & Kaffarah |url=https://sapa-usa.org/understanding-fidya-and-kaffarah/ |access-date=20 September 2025 |website=Sudanese American Physicians Association}}</ref> Ayar Alqur'ani ta 2:184 ta ambaci yadda gudummawar abinci, ko kuɗi, don taimakawa wajen ciyar da waɗanda ke cikin buƙata, ke zama diyya ga azumin da aka rasa lokacin da wani ya "rashin lafiya ko yana kan tafiya". Wasu ƙungiyoyi suna da zaɓuɓɓukan fidyah da kaffara ta yanar gizo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramadan - Islamic Relief USA |url=http://www.irusa.org/campaigns/fidya-and-kaffara/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507132856/http://www.irusa.org/campaigns/fidya-and-kaffara/ |archive-date=2015-05-07 |access-date=2014-06-12 |publisher=}}</ref> == Fidiyah == Fidyah (wanda aka fassara shi da Romaniyanci da ''fidya'' ) gudummawar kuɗi ko abinci ce ta addini da aka yi don taimaka wa waɗanda ke cikin bukata. Ana yin Fidyah ne don azumin da aka rasa saboda larura, inda mutum ba zai iya rama azumin ba bayan haka - misali, idan wani ba zai iya yin azumin na tsawon kwanakin da ake buƙata ba saboda rashin lafiya, ciki ko kuma tsufa mai tsanani (tsofaffi ko ƙarami). A watan Ramadan, dole ne a biya fidyah ɗin kowane azumin da aka rasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramadan - Islamic Relief USA |url=http://www.irusa.org/campaigns/fidya-and-kaffara/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507132856/http://www.irusa.org/campaigns/fidya-and-kaffara/ |archive-date=2015-05-07 |access-date=2014-06-12 |publisher=}}</ref> Amma, idan mutum ya rasa azuminsa saboda rashin lafiya ko a kan tafiya, amma ya sami isasshen lafiya don rama shi, ya fi kyau ya rama azumin a wani lokaci na gaba, kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Alƙur'ani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Quranic Arabic Corpus - Translation |url=http://corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=2&verse=184 |access-date=2017-08-22 |website=corpus.quran.com}}</ref> == Kaffara == Kaffara (wanda kuma aka fassara shi da ''kaffarah''), gudummawa ce ta addini ta kuɗi ko abinci da aka yi don taimaka wa waɗanda ke cikin bukata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=টার্গেট |first=দৈনিক |date=2025-03-21 |title=রোজার কাফফারা: কেন দিতে হয় এবং কীভাবে আদায় করবেন? |url=https://www.dainiktarget.com/5562/ |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=দৈনিক টার্গেট |language=bn-BD }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ana yin Kaffara ne don azumin da aka rasa ba tare da wani dalili ba - misali, idan wani ya rasa ko ya karya azumi a watan Ramadan ba tare da wani dalili mai inganci ba. Domin rama azumin da ya karye, dole ne ya 'yanta bawa ɗaya, idan kuma ba zai iya ba, dole ne ya ci gaba da azumi na tsawon kwanaki 60. Idan ba zai iya yin hakan ba, dole ne ya bayar da diyya ta sadaka don farashin matsakaicin abinci ga talakawa 60. A Burtaniya, farashin kaffara na 2021 shine £5 ga kowane mutum, wanda ya kai £300 ga kowane azumin da aka karye da gangan. Biyan kaffara shima wajibi ne a Musulunci idan aka karya alkawari ko rantsuwa. == A cikin Alqur'ani == An ambaci Fidyah da kaffara a cikin Alƙur'ani: "(Azumtar Sa'a) ga ƙidãyayyun kwanaki, kuma wanda ya kasance daga gare ku ya kasance majiyyaci, kõ kuwa a kan tafiya, to, adadinsa ya kasance daga wasu kwãnuka, kuma waɗanda suke yin azumi da wahala, (misali dattijo, da dai sauransu), to sunã da (zãɓi ko dai su yi azumi ko) ciyar da Miskin (Miskini) (kuma wanda ya kyautata daga gare shi). ku yi azumi, shi ne mafi alheri a gare ku, idan kun kasance kunã sani. == Manazarta == ovl1frgl2qf8umxfnuqxdnea7h83op2 0 141524 826824 803007 2026-04-26T22:29:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Felicia Hill-Briggs''' ƙwararriyar masaniyar ɗabi'a da zamantakewa ce ta Amurka. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An gano cewa Hill-Briggs tana da ciwon suga na nau'in 1 tana da shekaru tara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2018 |title=ADA President, Health Care & Education, is on a journey to change the world |url=https://www.adameetingnews.org/ada-president-health-care-education-is-on-a-journey-to-change-the-world/ |access-date=May 16, 2021 |website=adameetingnews.org }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga Jami'ar Amurka da kuma digirinta na uku a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania . Bayan haka, ta kammala aikinta na horo a fannin Ba da Shawara kan Lafiya da Hulɗa da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar New York da Asibitin Bellevue, sannan ta sami digiri na uku a fannin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a Cibiyar Bincike ta Polisher da ke Cibiyar Geriatric ta Philadelphia. <ref> name="ADA">{{Cite web |date=February 2, 2015 |title=Felicia Hill-Briggs Named to American Diabetes Association Board of Directors |url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/felicia_hill_briggs_named_to_american_diabetes_association_board_of_directors |access-date=May 16, 2021 |website=hopkinsmedicine.org}}</ref> == Sana'a == Bayan kammala karatunta na yau da kullun, Hill-Briggs ta yi aiki a sashen Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar New York/ Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine kafin ta shiga sashen a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins (JHU) a 1996. <ref name="ADA">{{Cite web |date=February 2, 2015 |title=Felicia Hill-Briggs Named to American Diabetes Association Board of Directors |url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/felicia_hill_briggs_named_to_american_diabetes_association_board_of_directors |access-date=May 16, 2021 |website=hopkinsmedicine.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/felicia_hill_briggs_named_to_american_diabetes_association_board_of_directors "Felicia Hill-Briggs Named to American Diabetes Association Board of Directors"]. </cite></ref> A lokacin da ta fara aiki a JHU, Hill-Briggs ta buga ''Matsalar Magance Matsaloli a Ciwon Suga: Tsarin Halayyar Kula da Kai da Ciwon Suga'' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hill-Briggs |first=Felicia |date=June 2003 |title=Problem solving in diabetes self-management: A model of chronic illness self-management behavior |url=https://academic.oup.com/abm/article/25/3/182/4631546 |journal=[[Annals of Behavioral Medicine]] |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=182–193 |doi=10.1207/S15324796ABM2503_04 |pmid=12763713 |s2cid=3895876 |url-access=subscription |access-date=May 17, 2021}}</ref> da ''Matsalar Magance Matsaloli a Ciwon Suga.'' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hill-Briggs |first=Felicia |last2=Gemmell |first2=Leigh |date=November 1, 2007 |title=Problem Solving in Diabetes Self-management and Control |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0145721707308412 |journal=The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=1032–1050 |doi=10.1177/0145721707308412 |pmid=18057272 |s2cid=3865941 |url-access=subscription |access-date=May 17, 2021}}</ref> A 2009, ta kasance Mai Kyautar Valued Hours ta Fullwood Foundation, Inc. saboda ayyukanta na ƙwararru da na al'umma a fannin rigakafi da kula da ciwon suga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Dr. Felicia Hill-Briggs Honored by Fullwood Foundation |url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gim/news/2009_News_Items/1-22-09.html |access-date=May 17, 2021 |website=hopkinsmedicine.org}}</ref> A matsayinta na farfesa a fannin likitancin cikin gida, Hill-Briggs ta haɗu ta haɓaka wani shirin ilimi na ciwon suga wanda ke koyar da masu fama da ciwon suga masu ƙarancin kuɗi, waɗanda ba su da ilimi sosai don su iya sarrafa cutarsu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 11, 2011 |title=New Diabetes Education Program Yields Improved Blood Sugar Control |url=https://www.newswise.com/articles/new-diabetes-education-program-yields-improved-blood-sugar-control-benefits-sustained-after-program-s-end-with-problem-solving-approach |access-date=May 17, 2021 |website=newswise.com}}</ref> Daga baya ta sami lambar yabo ta tagulla ta Telly Award don bidiyon ''DECIDE to Move!'' ''Motsa Jiki ga Mutane Masu Ciwon Suga Nau'i na 2.'' An ƙirƙiri bidiyon a matsayin wani ɓangare na Project DECIDE, wani binciken asibiti kan tallafin kula da kai ga marasa lafiya na birane da ke fama da ciwon suga na nau'in 2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Dr. Felicia Hill-Briggs Leads DECIDE Team to Telly Award |url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gim/news/2011_News_Items/5-19-11.html |access-date=May 17, 2021 |website=hopkinsmedicine.org}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta Nelson Butters don mafi kyawun takardar bincike da aka buga a cikin ''Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology'' don labarinta na 2010 ''girma na Cranial, ƙarancin fahimta, da iyakokin aiki da ke da alaƙa da ciwon suga a cikin samfurin al'umma.'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Felicia Hill-Briggs' Paper Wins Neuropsychology Award |url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gim/news/2011_News_Items/8-25-11.html |access-date=May 17, 2021 |website=hopkinsmedicine.org}}</ref> A lokacin da take aiki a JHU, Hill-Briggs ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar darakta a fannin Bincike da Ci gaban Lafiyar Jama'a na Johns Hopkins HealthCare kuma babbar mamba a sashen kula da lafiya na Makarantar Lafiyar Jama'a ta Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research. <ref name="board">{{Cite web |date=February 2, 2015 |title=Felicia Hill-Briggs Named to American Diabetes Association Board of Directors |url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/felicia_hill_briggs_named_to_american_diabetes_association_board_of_directors |access-date=May 17, 2021 |website=hopkinsmedicine.org}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, an nada Hill-Briggs a cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Ciwon Suga ta Amurka <ref name="board" /> kuma ta zama mace ta 201 da aka ɗaukaka zuwa matsayin cikakkiyar farfesa a Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Johns Hopkins. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2, 2015 |title=School of Medicine Reaches Milestone: 200-Plus Women Full Professors |url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/office-of-johns-hopkins-physicians/best-practice-news/school-of-medicine-reaches-milestone-200-plus-women-full-professors |access-date=May 17, 2021 |website=hopkinsmedicine.org |archive-date=May 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518000827/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/office-of-johns-hopkins-physicians/best-practice-news/school-of-medicine-reaches-milestone-200-plus-women-full-professors |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan shekaru biyu, an zaɓi Hill-Briggs a matsayin shugabar kula da lafiya da ilimi na Ƙungiyar Ciwon Suga ta Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 5, 2017 |title=Johns Hopkins physician to serve as principal officer for American Diabetes Association in 2018 |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/01/05/felicia-hill-briggs-american-diabetes-association/ |access-date=May 17, 2021 |website=hub.jhu.edu}}</ref> Sakamakon bincikenta, an zaɓe Hill-Briggs a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Magunguna ta Ƙasa a 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 16, 2017 |title=Seven Faculty Members Among New Electees to National Academy of Medicine |url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/seven_faculty_members_among_new_electees_to_national_academy_of_medicine |access-date=May 17, 2021 |website=hopkinsmedicine.org}}</ref> An kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta Rachmiel Levine don girmamawa ga shugabanci da hidima ga Ƙungiyar Ciwon Suga ta Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 10, 2018 |title=Hill-Briggs Awarded ADA Rachmiel Levine Medal |url=https://medicine-matters.blogs.hopkinsmedicine.org/2018/09/hill-briggs-awarded-ada-rachmiel-levine-medal/ |access-date=May 17, 2021 |website=hopkinsmedicine.org}}</ref> A lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]], an ba Hill-Briggs dala miliyan 43 a cikin shekaru biyar don yin nazarin annobar ciwon suga ta nau'in 2 a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na jihar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 18, 2020 |title=Hill-Briggs Awarded Funding to Tackle Diabetes in Baltimore |url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gim/news/2020_News_Items/11_18_20.html |access-date=May 17, 2021 |website=hopkinsmedicine.org}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, an naɗa Hill-Briggs a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugabar Rigakafi a Northwell Health da kuma Simons Distinguished Chairman a Clinical Research a Makarantar Likitanci ta Donald da Barbara Zucker, Jami'ar Hofstra inda ta ci gaba da bincikenta kan rigakafin cututtuka. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Dr. Hill-Briggs ya mutu sakamakon cutar kansar mahaifa a watan Yunin 2023. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] l61sn7smscng0ufi5y9u3b52y1ikft6 0 141680 826721 799037 2026-04-26T17:54:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Evelynn Maxine Hammonds''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2018 |title=National Academy of Medicine Elects 85 New Members |url=https://nam.edu/national-academy-of-medicine-elects-85-new-members/ |access-date=September 21, 2021 |publisher=National Academy of Medicine}}</ref> (an haife ta a shekara ta 1953) ƙwararriyar 'yar Amurka ce kuma ƙwararriya a fannin mata. Ita ce Farfesa Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz ta Tarihin Kimiyya kuma Farfesa ce ta Nazarin Afirka da Baƙar fata-Amurka a [[Jami'ar Harvard]], kuma tsohuwar Shugabar Kwalejin Harvard . Alaƙa tsakanin launin fata, jinsi, kimiyya da magani manyan batutuwa ne na bincike a cikin littattafanta da aka buga. <ref> name="Bio Hist Science">{{Cite web |title=Evelynn M. Hammond |url=https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/evelynn-hammonds |access-date=June 14, 2020 |website=Harvard University Department of the History of Science: People |publisher=Harvard University}}</ref> Hammonds ta sami digiri a fannin injiniya da kimiyyar lissafi. Kafin ta sami digirin digirgir a Tarihin Kimiyya a Harvard, ta kasance mai shirye-shiryen kwamfuta. Ta fara aikin koyarwa a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, daga baya ta koma Harvard. A shekara ta 2008, an naɗa Hammonds shugabar jami'a, Baƙar fata ta farko kuma mace ta farko da ta jagoranci kwalejin. Ta koma koyarwa ta cikakken lokaci a shekara ta 2013. <ref> name="Step Down article">{{Cite web |date=28 May 2013 |title=Hammonds to step down as dean in July |url=http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2013/05/dean-release-july/ |access-date=April 1, 2015 |website=Harvard Gazette |publisher=Harvard University}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Hammonds a [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] a ranar 2 ga Janairu, 1953, ga Evelyn Baker Hammonds da William Hammonds Jr. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The History Makers Video Oral History Interview with Evelynn M. Hammonds |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2004_248_EAD.pdf |access-date=June 14, 2020 |website=The History Makers}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta malamar makaranta ce, kuma mahaifinta ma'aikacin gidan waya ne. Mahaifinta ya yi burin zama injiniya, bayan ya karanci ilmin sunadarai da lissafi, amma bai samu damar halartar Cibiyar Fasaha ta Georgia da aka ware ba. <ref name=":0" /> Evelynn M. Hammonds ta fara sha'awar tarihi da kimiyya a matsayin daliba a Makarantar Firamare ta Collier Heights da ke Atlanta kuma wannan sha'awar ta samo asali ne daga fallasar kimiyya da wuri ta hanyar iyayenta. Iliminta na sakandare ya lalace sakamakon hadewa da wariya, wanda hakan ya tilasta mata sauya sheka daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Charles Lincoln Harper zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Daniel McLaughlin Therrell a shekarar 1967. Bayan ta fuskanci wariya daga ɗalibai da malamai, ta kammala karatunta na sakandare a Makarantar Sakandare ta Kudu maso Yamma. <ref name=":0" /> Masanin ilimin National Merit, Hammonds ta halarci Kwalejin Spelman inda ta shiga cikin shirin injiniya na hadin gwiwa tare da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Georgia. A shekara ta 1976 ta kammala karatu daga jami'o'in biyu tare da digiri a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da injiniyan lantarki bi da bi. Yayinda take karatun digiri, ta shafe bazara biyu tana aiki a Bell Labs ta hanyar shirin bincike wanda ya dauki 'yan tsiraru a cikin kimiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lesson Plan, "The Black Scientific Renaissance of the 1970s-90s: African American Scientists at Bell Laboratories" |url=https://www.aip.org/sites/default/files/history/teaching-guides/bell-laboratories/African%20American%20Scientists%20at%20Bell%20Laboratories_Lesson%20Plan.pdf |access-date=June 14, 2020 |website=American Institute of Physics}}</ref> Shirin ya ba da jagora da tsari da sanyawa a cikin ƙungiyar dakin gwaje-gwaje, kuma ta tuna, "... ita ce bayyanata ta farko ga duniyar babban kimiyya. Yana da tasiri mai zurfi a gare ni, kuma ina so in yi kyau. " A lokacin aikinta ne aka fara buga ta, kuma ta zama abokiyar Cecilia Conrad.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Evelynn M. Hammonds's Biography |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/evelynn-m-hammonds-40 |access-date=2020-06-14 |website=The HistoryMakers |language=en}}</ref> Conrad ya dauki Hammonds zuwa Boston, yayin da Conrad dalibi ne a Kwalejin Wellesley a lokacin, kuma sun ziyarci harabar MIT tare wanda ya burge Hammonds kuma ya yi mata wahayi. Sa'an nan, saboda Society of Physics Students a Kwalejin Spelman, an gabatar da Hammond ga [[Shirley Ann Jackson]] da Ronald McNair. Ta tuna cewa Jackson ita ce, "mace baƙar fata ta farko da na taɓa saduwa da ita wacce ta kasance masanin kimiyyar lissafi, kuma ... ta tafi MIT don haka ta yanke shawarar cewa [MIT] ita ce kawai wurin da nake so in je. "<ref name=":1" /> Bayan kammala karatunta, ta halarci Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) don shirin PhD amma ta bar karatun a farkon shekarar 1980, inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Bayan ta bar jami'a, ta fara aiki na tsawon shekaru biyar a matsayin injiniyan software, amma ta ga hakan ba shi da wahala kuma ta koma [[Jami'ar Harvard]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The History Makers Video Oral History Interview with Evelynn M. Hammonds |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2004_248_EAD.pdf |access-date=June 14, 2020 |website=The History Makers}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2004_248_EAD.pdf "The History Makers Video Oral History Interview with Evelynn M. Hammonds"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''The History Makers''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> A shekarar 1993, ta kammala karatun digiri na uku a Tarihin Kimiyya. <ref name="Bio Hist Science">{{Cite web |title=Evelynn M. Hammond |url=https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/evelynn-hammonds |access-date=June 14, 2020 |website=Harvard University Department of the History of Science: People |publisher=Harvard University}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/evelynn-hammonds "Evelynn M. Hammond"]. ''Harvard University Department of the History of Science: People''. Harvard University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Sana'a == Bayan kammala karatunta daga Harvard, an gayyaci Hammonds don koyarwa a MIT. A lokacin da take can, ita ce daraktar da ta kafa cibiyar nazarin bambancin ra'ayi a Kimiyya, Fasaha, da Magunguna ta MIT. <ref name="Bio Hist Science"/> Ta kuma taimaka wajen shirya taron ilimi na farko na ƙasa ga ƙwararrun mata baƙaƙe, [[Mata baƙar fata a cikin Kwalejin: Tsaron Sunanmu 1894-1994|Mata Baƙaƙe a Kwalejin: Kare Sunanmu 1894–1994]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Black Women in the Academy: Defending Our Name, 1894-1994 conference records {{!}} MIT ArchivesSpace |url=https://archivesspace.mit.edu/repositories/2/resources/472 |access-date=2020-06-10 |website=archivesspace.mit.edu}}</ref> taron ƙasa da aka kira a MIT a 1994 don magance matsalolin tarihi da na zamani da mata 'yan Afirka-Amurka ke fuskanta a fannin ilimi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evelynn M. Hammonds, 1980 {{!}} MIT Black History |url=https://www.blackhistory.mit.edu/archive/evelynn-m-hammonds-1980 |access-date=2020-06-14 |website=www.blackhistory.mit.edu |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ta koma Harvard ta kuma shiga a matsayin farfesa a sashen Tarihin Kimiyya da Nazarin Afirka da Baƙar fata-Amurka. Ta zama Shugabar Kwalejin Harvard a shekara ta 2008 kuma ita ce mace ta huɗu baƙar fata da ta sami aiki a Sashen Fasaha da Kimiyya a Jami'ar Harvard. Kafin wannan, Hammonds ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar mataimakiyar shugaban farko na ci gaban malamai da bambancin ra'ayi na Harvard. A watan Fabrairun 2022, Hammonds ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin malamai 38 na Harvard da suka sanya hannu kan wata wasika zuwa ga Harvard Crimson da ke kare Farfesa John Comaroff, wanda aka gano ya karya manufofin ɗabi'ar jima'i da na sana'a na jami'ar. Wasikar ta kare Comaroff a matsayin "ƙwararren abokin aiki, mai ba da shawara kuma ɗan ƙasa mai himma a jami'a" kuma ta nuna rashin jin daɗi game da takunkumin da jami'ar ta sanya masa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=38 Harvard Faculty Sign Open Letter Questioning Results of Misconduct Investigations into Prof. John Comaroff |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2022/2/4/comaroff-sanctions-open-letter/ |access-date=9 Feb 2022 |website=www.thecrimson.com |publisher=The Harvard Crimson}}</ref> Bayan da ɗalibai suka shigar da ƙara tare da zarge-zargen ayyukan Comaroff da gazawar jami'ar na mayar da martani, Hammonds ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka sanya hannu da dama da suka ce tana son janye sa hannunta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=3 graduate students file sexual harassment suit against prominent Harvard anthropology professor |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/02/08/metro/3-graduate-students-file-sexual-harassment-suit-against-prominent-harvard-anthropology-professor/ |access-date=9 Feb 2022 |website=www.bostonglobe.com |publisher=The Boston Globe}}{{Cite web |title=3 graduate students file sexual harassment suit against prominent Harvard anthropology professor |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/02/08/metro/3-graduate-students-file-sexual-harassment-suit-against-prominent-harvard-anthropology-professor/ |access-date=9 Feb 2022 |website=www.bostonglobe.com |publisher=The Boston Globe}}</ref> === Bincike === Binciken Hammonds ya mayar da hankali kan mahadar kimiyya, magani, da launin fata. Yawancin ayyukanta suna nazarin jinsi da jinsi a mahangar kimiyya da magani. Tana damuwa da yadda kimiyya ke bincika bambancin ɗan adam ta hanyar launin fata. Hammonds galibi tana nazarin lokacin ƙarni na 17 don gabatarwa yayin da take mai da hankali kan tarihin cututtuka da kuma ra'ayin mata na Afirka-Amurka. A cikin 1997, an buga labarin Hammond mai suna "Toward a Genealogy of Black Female Sexuality: The Problematic of Shiru" a cikin ''Ka'idar Mata da Jiki: Mai Karatu'' . <ref name="Genealogy">{{Cite book|last2=Margrit Shildrick}}</ref> A cikin wannan labarin, Hammond ta mayar da hankali kan mahadar jima'i na mata baƙar fata da AIDS. Ta yi jayayya cewa jima'i na mata baƙar fata (daga ƙarni na 19 zuwa yanzu) an kafa shi ne daidai da na mata fararen fata. Ta yi jayayya cewa, a tarihi, yawancin masu ra'ayin mata baƙar fata sun kasa haɓaka ra'ayi game da jima'i na mata baƙar fata. Daga nan Hammonds ta tattauna iyakokin jima'i na mata baƙar fata da kuma yadda hakan ke shafar mata baƙar fata masu cutar AIDS. Hammonds ta yi imanin cewa mata baƙar fata suna da ikon bayyana jima'i fiye da yadda suka yarda da shi a zamantakewa, amma duk da haka ba za su iya bayyana shi ba. Wannan sakamakon baƙar fata mata ba su iya bayyana jima'i ta hanyar da suka ga dama ba. Ta rubuta tarihin farko na waɗannan ma'anoni a farkon ƙarni na 19 tare da [[Sarah baartman|Sarah Baartman]] a matsayin "Hottentot Venus". <ref name="Genealogy"/> Wannan mace baƙar fata ce da aka nuna kuma aka ɗauke ta a matsayin mai lalata saboda tana da manyan sassan jikin mutum fiye da na takwarorinta fararen fata. A yau, har yanzu muna ganin ci gaba da tasirin alaƙar mata baƙar fata da jima'i mara tsari. Wannan galibi ya faru ne saboda kwatanta mata baƙar fata da mata fararen fata na Victoria. Ana ɗaukar mata baƙar fata a matsayin masu yawan jima'i . Al'ummar fararen fata ta yi tunanin cewa jima'i baƙar fata mata yana lalata ɗabi'u da ƙimar al'ummarsu. <ref name="Genealogy" /> A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, masu kawo sauyi mata baƙaƙe sun himmatu wajen ƙirƙirar sabuwar ma'anar jima'i ga mata baƙaƙe. Wannan sabon ma'anar hoton mace baƙaƙe mai ɗabi'a don daidaita kanta da mata masu ɗabi'a na Victoria. Waɗannan mata baƙaƙen mata sun himmatu wajen sake gina ra'ayin jima'i ga mata baƙaƙe. Hammonds ya yi jayayya cewa ta hanyar rufe muryar mace baƙaƙen mata, masu kawo sauyi sun danne mata baƙaƙe ba tare da sake gina ra'ayin ma'anar jima'i ga mata ba. <ref name="Genealogy"/> Hammonds ya bayyana cewa don mata baƙar fata su sami 'yanci daga zalunci, dole ne mata baƙarƙashiya su dawo da jima'i. Ma'anar jima'i na baƙar fata koyaushe ana bayyana shi ta hanyar ƙungiyar waje da ke kallo, da farko da fararen maza sannan kuma da fararen mata. Dole ne mata baƙar fata su bayyana jima'i don shawo kan zalunci. Ta bayyana cewa wannan shiru mai maimaitawa ya zama ra'ayi na "rashin ganuwa" don bayyana rayuwar mata baƙar fata. Ko da mata masu daraja a cikin ilimi har yanzu suna cikin rashin ganuwa lokacin da aka gaya musu waɗanne batutuwan da za su iya kuma ba za su iya ba da lacca game da su ba.<ref name="Genealogy"/> Hammonds ya ci gaba da fadada "rashin ganuwa" na mata baƙi zuwa fagen magani da kimiyya. An zalunta mata baƙar fata shekaru da yawa har aka kafa mummunan ra'ayi game da mata baƙarƙashiya kuma yanzu ga mata baƙar ƙwayoyin cuta da cutar kanjamau. Wadannan ra'ayoyin sun haifar da wani wuri tsakanin mata baƙar fata da ke fama da cutar kanjamau da al'umma. Jama'a suna ci gaba da riƙe mata baƙar fata har zuwa halin da ake ciki na mata masu jima'i da baƙar fata da ke fama da cutar kanjamau an tilasta su magance wannan zalunci.<ref name="Genealogy" /> A shekarar 1994 Hammonds ta buga "Baƙi (W)holes and the Geometry of Black Female Sexuality," wani labarin da ya faɗaɗa kuma ya mayar da martani ga tsarin Darlene Clark Hines na dissemblence, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hine |first=Darlene Clark |date=July 1989 |title=Rape and the Inner Lives of Black Women in the Middle West |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/494552 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=912–920 |doi=10.1086/494552 |issn=0097-9740 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> da kuma "Interstices: A Small Drama of Words" na Hortense Spillers . Labarin ya yi la'akari da shirun jima'i na baƙar fata mace, musamman jima'i na baƙar fata 'yan madigo, wanda ta ɗauka a matsayin "an rufe shi sau biyu." Ta yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi da nazarin halayyar ɗan adam don la'akari da rashin komai na jima'i na baƙar fata mace kuma tana kira da a yi motsi zuwa ga "siyasar haɗin gwiwa." A shekarar 1995, Hammonds, tare da sauran masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na mata, ciki har da [[Angela Davis]], Barbara Ransby da Kimberlé Crenshaw, sun kafa wata kawance mai suna "Ajandar Afirka ta Amurka ta 2000" don adawa da [[Million Man March|zanga-zangar mutum miliyan]] na Louis Farrakhan, saboda fargabar cewa hakan zai kara nuna wa mazan bakar fata wariya. === Badakalar binciken imel a Harvard === A watan Maris na 2013, shugaban sashen fasaha da kimiyya na Hammonds da Harvard, Michael D. Smith, ya sanar da cewa sun ba da umarnin a bincika bayanan imel na masu gudanarwa na Harvard domin gano ko mutane sun fallasa bayanai ga manema labarai game da binciken jami'ar game da badakalar yaudara ta Harvard ta 2012. Hammonds da Smith sun tambayi masu gudanarwa ko sun fallasa wani bayani ga kowa ko a'a, a martanin da jaridar Crimson ta buga game da wani imel na ciki game da badakalar yaudara da cancantar 'yan wasa. Babu wani mai gudanarwa da ya fito; Hammonds da Smith sun sanar da waɗannan masu gudanarwa cewa za a buƙaci ƙarin bincike. A martanin da suka mayar, Hammonds da Smith sun ba da umarnin a bincika imel kuma sun gano mutumin da ke da alhakin yaɗa waɗannan saƙonnin imel na ciki. ''Jaridar Harvard Crimson'' ta yi kira ga Hammonds da ta yi murabus. Sannan, a ranar 28 ga Mayu, Hammonds ta sanar da cewa za ta yi murabus don jagorantar wani sabon shirin bincike na Harvard kan launin fata da jinsi a fannin kimiyya. Hammonds ta ce shawararta ta yin murabus ba ta da alaƙa da lamarin binciken imel. Wani bita da jami'ar ta bayar daga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na waje, wanda aka fitar a watan Yulin 2013, ya kammala da cewa "Masu Gudanar da FAS da ke aiki cikin aminci sun gudanar da [binciken imel] domin ci gaba da kammala shari'o'in ladabtarwa na Hukumar Gudanarwa da kuma kare sirrin wannan tsari." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keating |first=Michael B. |date=July 15, 2013 |title=Report to the Subcommittee of the Harvard Corporation on Email Searches Conducted in Connection with the Academic Integrity Cases |url=https://www.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/content/Harvard-Final-Report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121054800/https://www.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/content/Harvard-Final-Report.pdf |archive-date=2021-01-21}}</ref> === Littattafai masu mahimmanci === * ''Mummunan Bala'i ga Yara: Yaƙin Neman Magance Ciwon Diphtheria a Birnin New York, 1880 - 1930'' (1999, Johns Hopkins University Press) * ''Yanayin Bambanci: Kimiyyar Jinsi a Amurka daga Jefferson zuwa Genomics'' (2008, MIT Press) * ''Sampler na Harvard: Ilimi Mai Sauƙin Kai don ƙarni na Ashirin da Ɗaya'' (2011, Harvard University Press) * ''Matsalar Rarraba Kayayyaki: Abin da ya gabata a Yanzu'' (2011, Rutgers University Press) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evelynn M. Hammonds CV |url=https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/evelynn-hammonds |access-date=April 24, 2018 |website=Harvard University}}</ref> == Daraja da fifiko == * Shugaban Ƙungiyar Tarihin Kimiyya, 2024–2025 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Presidents |url=https://hssonline.org/page/pastpresidents |access-date=16 February 2026 |website=History of Science Society}}</ref> * Sunan Ɗaliban Harvard LGBTQ a Makarantar Digiri ta Fasaha da Kimiyya "Evelynn Hammonds Award for Exceptional Service to BGLTQ+ Inclusion", 2021 * Zaɓen memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka, 2021 * Zaɓen Kwamitin Amintattu na Kwalejin Bates, 2018 * Naɗin Kwamitin Mata a Kimiyya, Injiniya, da Magunguna na Kwalejin Kimiyya, Injiniya, da Magunguna ta Ƙasa, 2017 * Tarihin Ƙungiyar Kimiyya Mai Daraja Malami, 2016 * Kyautar da aka bai wa waɗanda suka kafa, Kwamitin Lauyoyi kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Adalci a Tattalin Arziki, 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Founders' Award |url=http://lawyersforcivilrights.org/our-impact/awards/ |access-date=9 May 2021 |website=Lawyers for Civil Rights }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Kyautar Mace Mai Jarumtaka da Yanke Hukunci, Babban Babi na Majalisar Mata Masu Ra'ayin Baƙi ta Ƙasa ta Boston, 2014 * Kwalejin Spelman Ida B. Wells-Barnett Babban Malami, 2013 * Likitan girmamawa na Haruffan Dan Adam daga Kwalejin Bates, 2011 * Ƙungiyar Mata a Kimiyya, 2008 * Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Farfesa a Jami'ar Harvard, 2007 * Likitan girmamawa na Haruffan Dan Adam daga Kwalejin Spelman, 2004 * Babban Malami Sigma Xi, 2003–05 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7qwqdt1pwkoum4osdejjhu6pcqtsxqo 0 141683 826826 799060 2026-04-26T22:54:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fern Yvette Hunt''' (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 1948) ƙwararriyar masaniyar lissafi ce 'yar Afirka <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-05 |title=11 Famous African American Mathematicians You Should Know About |url=https://www.mashupmath.com/blog/famous-african-american-mathematicians |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=Mashup Math |language=en-US}}</ref> wacce aka san ta da aikinta a fannin lissafi da ilmin lissafi . <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Fern Hunt's Biography |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/fern-hunt |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=The HistoryMakers |language=en}}</ref> A halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin mai bincike a Cibiyar Ma'auni da Fasaha ta Ƙasa, inda take gudanar da bincike kan ka'idar ergodic na tsarin dynamic . <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2019-07-30 |title=Fern Hunt |url=https://www.nist.gov/people/fern-hunt |journal=NIST |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Hunt a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 1948, ga Daphne Lindsay da Thomas Edward Hunt. 'Yar uwarta, Erica Hunt, marubuciya ce kuma marubuciya da aka buga. Kakanin Hunt sun yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka daga Jamaica kafin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]] . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Fern Y. Hunt, Mathematician of the African Diaspora |url=http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/PEEPS/hunt_ferny.html |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=www.math.buffalo.edu}}</ref> <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Fern Hunt's Biography |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/fern-hunt |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=The HistoryMakers |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/fern-hunt "Fern Hunt's Biography"]. ''The HistoryMakers''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> Iyalinta sun zauna a wani aikin gidaje na baƙi a Hampton. Mahaifinta bai kammala karatun sakandare ba, kuma duk da cewa mahaifiyarta ta halarci Kwalejin Hunter na tsawon shekaru biyu, ba ta sami digiri ba. Lokacin da Hunt ke da shekaru 9, mahaifiyarta ta ba ta kyautar sinadari don Kirsimeti, wanda ya haifar da sha'awarta ga kimiyya tun farko. Malamin kimiyyar makarantar sakandare ta Hunt, Charles Wilson, ya ƙara ƙarfafa Hunt ta nemi lissafi da kimiyya. <ref> name=":0" </ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mathematics Awareness Month 2015:: Profiles |url=https://ww2.amstat.org/mam/2015/highlighted/ |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=ww2.amstat.org}}</ref> Hunt ta halarci Makarantar Kimiyya ta Bronx, kuma a lokacin da take makarantar sakandare ne babban abin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai ya koma kimiyya zuwa lissafi. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Fern Hunt |url=https://mathematicallygiftedandblack.com/honorees/fern-hunt/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Mathematically Gifted & Black}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, Hunt ta halarci Kwalejin Bryn Mawr bayan ƙarfafa gwiwar mahaifiyarta, inda ta sami digirin AB a fannin lissafi a shekarar 1969. <ref name=":1" /> Ta ci gaba da samun digirin masters da PhD a fannin lissafi daga Cibiyar Lissafi ta Courant da ke Jami'ar New York a shekarar 1978. Takardar shaidar digirin PhD ɗinta (1978) Frank Hoppensteadt ya ba da shawarar ''bambancin kwayoyin halitta da sarari a wasu samfuran Zaɓi-Ƙaura'' . <ref name=":1" /> == Sana'a == Hunt ta fara aikinta na ilimi a Jami'ar Utah, kuma a shekarar 1978, ta karɓi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a [[Jami'ar Howard]] . Ta ci gaba da zama memba a Sashen Lissafi a Howard har zuwa 1993. Yayin da take a Howard, ta kuma yi aiki a Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasa a Dakin Gwaji na Lissafi (1981-1982) da Ofishin Ma'auni na Ƙasa (1986-1991). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Fern Y. Hunt, Mathematician of the African Diaspora |url=http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/PEEPS/hunt_ferny.html |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=www.math.buffalo.edu}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/PEEPS/hunt_ferny.html "Fern Y. Hunt, Mathematician of the African Diaspora"]. ''www.math.buffalo.edu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> Bugu da ƙari, daga 1988 zuwa 1991, ta kasance memba na Hukumar Ba da Shawara kan Lissafi ta GRE a Sabis na Gwaji na Ilimi (ETS). A shekarar 1993, ta bar Howard ta fara aiki a Cibiyar Ma'auni da Fasaha ta Ƙasa, inda ta yi aiki a kan matsalolin lissafi daga binciken kimiyyar lissafi da sinadarai. Yayin da take aiki a NIST ta ci gaba da bincikenta kan ka'idar ergodic na tsarin dynamic. Fern ta kuma yi lacca a kwalejoji da jami'o'i don ƙarfafa ɗalibai a fannin lissafi. Tana amfani da abubuwan da ta fuskanta game da koma-baya da ta fuskanta a matsayinta na baƙar fata a fannin lissafi don jagorantar ɗaliban tsiraru da ke sha'awar lissafi. A shekarar 1998 ta kasance malami a wani taron bita na bazara ga mata masu shiga shirye-shiryen digiri na uku a fannin lissafi wanda [[Shirin EDGE|Gidauniyar EDGE]] ( [[Shirin EDGE|Inganta Bambanci a Ilimin Digiri na Biyu]] ) ke gudanarwa. == Lambobin yabo da nasarori == A shekara ta 2000, Hunt ta sami kyautar Arthur S. Flemming saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga yiwuwar yin aiki da kuma tsarin stochastic, ilmin lissafi, lissafi, tsarin lissafi, yanayin aiki mara layi, zane-zanen kwamfuta, da kuma kwamfuta mai layi daya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2000 |title=Fern Hunt Receives Arthur S. Flemming Award |url=http://math.nist.gov/mcsd/highlights/hunt-award.html |access-date=2015-02-23 |website=NIST}}</ref> Ta kasance memba a kwamitin amintattu na Kwalejin Bryn Mawr tun 1992 da kuma Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Binciken Halittu da Muhalli na [[Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka]] tun 1994. An saka Hunt a cikin ajin abokan karatunta na American Lissafi Society na shekarar 2019 "saboda kyakkyawan amfani da lissafi ga kimiyya da fasaha, hidima ta musamman ga gwamnatin Amurka, da kuma wayar da kan jama'a da jagoranci". Ƙungiyar Mata a Lissafi ta haɗa ta cikin ajin AWM Fellows na shekarar 2020 saboda "jajircewarta ta musamman ga wayar da kan jama'a da jagoranci; don ci gaba da ƙoƙarinta na sanya ƙungiyar AWM ta zama mai haɗaka; don hidimarta ga manyan makarantu da gwamnati; da kuma ƙarfafa waɗanda ba a wakilta a lissafi ba tare da aikinta a ka'idar ergodic, yiwuwa, da lissafi". Aikin Hunt ya sa ta samu karramawa daga Mathematically Gifted &amp;amp; Black a matsayin Black History Month 2017 Honoree. <ref name=":2"/> == Ayyukan da aka Buga == * [https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1dr35cc.87 HUNT, FY (2005). Masanin Lissafi a NIST Today. In BA CASE & AM LEGGETT (Edits.), Rikice-rikice: Mata a Lissafi (shafi na 314–327). Princeton University Press.] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] jazyczbcq448qawzvf60os7gnahv9sd 0 142182 826986 826598 2026-04-27T10:52:47Z Mahuta 11340 826986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tamika Tremaglio''' ta kasance tsohuwar darakta mai kula da ƙungiyar ƴan wasan ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBPA). 'Yan wasan sun zaɓi Tremaglio don maye gurbin Michele Roberts a ranar 22 ga Satumba, 2021, kuma a hukumance ya shiga cikin wannan matsayi bayan da Roberts ya yi ritaya a farkon Janairu 2022. Kafin ya shiga NBPA a matsayin babban darakta, Tremaglio, wanda ya yi ritaya daga Deloitte LLP, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta na ofisoshin Deloitte na Babban Birnin Washington.<ref name=":0" /> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Tremaglio a gundumar St. Mary, [[Maryland]]. Tremaglio ta sami digirin farko na Fasaha daga Jami'ar Mount St. Mary a fannin Kasuwanci da Kuɗi a shekarar 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamika Tremaglio, C'92 {{!}} Mount St. Mary's University |url=https://msmary.edu/lives-of-significance/tamika-tremaglio.html |access-date=2022-01-29 |website=msmary.edu}}</ref> Ta sami digirin JD daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Maryland da kuma digirin MBA daga Jami'ar Baltimore.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Axson |first=Scooby |title=New NBPA head Tamika Tremaglio: 'Next generation leader' for a complicated time |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2022/02/16/new-nbpa-head-tamika-tremaglio-next-generation-leader/6766303001/ |access-date=2022-02-24 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Tremaglio, Pamela Langley, ta halarci Jami'ar Jihar Morgan.<ref name=":0" /> == Sana'a == Tremaglio ta shiga Deloitte a watan Nuwamba na 2010 kuma an naɗa ta Manajan Shugabar Yankin Babban Birnin Washington a 2017. Daga baya ta shiga NBPA a matsayin babbar darekta.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Axson |first=Scooby |title=New NBPA head Tamika Tremaglio: 'Next generation leader' for a complicated time |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2022/02/16/new-nbpa-head-tamika-tremaglio-next-generation-leader/6766303001/ |access-date=2022-02-24 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAxson">Axson, Scooby. [https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2022/02/16/new-nbpa-head-tamika-tremaglio-next-generation-leader/6766303001/ "New NBPA head Tamika Tremaglio: 'Next generation leader' for a complicated time"]. ''USA TODAY''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Daraja == An naɗa Tremaglio a matsayin Manajan Abokin Hulɗa na Shekara a shekarar 2019 ta Jaridar Kasuwanci ta Washington kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Mata 150 Mafi Ƙarfi a Washington a 2019 da 2021 ta Mujallar Washingtonian. A shekarar 2020, Tremaglio ta sami lambar yabo ta uku daga ƙungiyar horar da ƙwararru masu kyau. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Tremaglio ta auri Gregory A. Tremaglio kuma tana da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Rocque da Reece.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamika Tremaglio - Uncensored: Stories of Black Professionals |url=https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/uncensored-stories-of-black-professionals-tamika-tremaglio.html |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Deloitte United States |language=en-us}}</ref> Ita [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] ce kuma ta daɗe tana zama memba a Cocin St. Peter Claver da ke St. Inigoes, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 7, 2021 |title=Tamika Tremaglio—a Black Catholic—named head of NBA players' union |url=https://www.blackcatholicmessenger.com/nbpa-hires-tremaglio/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Black Catholic Messenger |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1vj84rlhdqv6txpi8c4yhodsiwabp0r 826988 826986 2026-04-27T10:53:20Z Mahuta 11340 826988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tamika Tremaglio''' ta kasance tsohuwar darakta mai kula da ƙungiyar ƴan wasan ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBPA). 'Yan wasan sun zaɓi Tremaglio don maye gurbin Michele Roberts a ranar 22 ga Satumba, 2021, kuma a hukumance ya shiga cikin wannan matsayi bayan da Roberts ya yi ritaya a farkon Janairu 2022. Kafin ya shiga NBPA a matsayin babban darakta, Tremaglio, wanda ya yi ritaya daga Deloitte LLP, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta na ofisoshin Deloitte na Babban Birnin Washington.<ref name=":0" /> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Tremaglio a gundumar St. Mary, [[Maryland]]. Tremaglio ta sami digirin farko na Fasaha daga Jami'ar Mount St. Mary a fannin Kasuwanci da Kuɗi a shekarar 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamika Tremaglio, C'92 {{!}} Mount St. Mary's University |url=https://msmary.edu/lives-of-significance/tamika-tremaglio.html |access-date=2022-01-29 |website=msmary.edu}}</ref> Ta sami digirin JD daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Maryland da kuma digirin MBA daga Jami'ar Baltimore.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Axson |first=Scooby |title=New NBPA head Tamika Tremaglio: 'Next generation leader' for a complicated time |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2022/02/16/new-nbpa-head-tamika-tremaglio-next-generation-leader/6766303001/ |access-date=2022-02-24 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Tremaglio, Pamela Langley, ta halarci Jami'ar Jihar Morgan.<ref name=":0" /> == Sana'a == Tremaglio ta shiga Deloitte a watan Nuwamba na 2010 kuma an naɗa ta Manajan Shugabar Yankin Babban Birnin Washington a 2017. Daga baya ta shiga NBPA a matsayin babbar darekta.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Axson |first=Scooby |title=New NBPA head Tamika Tremaglio: 'Next generation leader' for a complicated time |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2022/02/16/new-nbpa-head-tamika-tremaglio-next-generation-leader/6766303001/ |access-date=2022-02-24 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAxson">Axson, Scooby. [https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2022/02/16/new-nbpa-head-tamika-tremaglio-next-generation-leader/6766303001/ "New NBPA head Tamika Tremaglio: 'Next generation leader' for a complicated time"]. ''USA TODAY''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Daraja == An naɗa Tremaglio a matsayin Manajan Abokin Hulɗa na Shekara a shekarar 2019 ta Jaridar Kasuwanci ta Washington kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Mata 150 Mafi Ƙarfi a Washington a 2019 da 2021 ta Mujallar Washingtonian. A shekarar 2020, Tremaglio ta sami lambar yabo ta uku daga ƙungiyar horar da ƙwararru masu kyau. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Tremaglio ta auri Gregory A. Tremaglio kuma tana da ƴaƴa maza biyu, Rocque da Reece.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamika Tremaglio - Uncensored: Stories of Black Professionals |url=https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/uncensored-stories-of-black-professionals-tamika-tremaglio.html |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Deloitte United States |language=en-us}}</ref> Ita [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] ce kuma ta daɗe tana zama memba a Cocin St. Peter Claver da ke St. Inigoes, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 7, 2021 |title=Tamika Tremaglio—a Black Catholic—named head of NBA players' union |url=https://www.blackcatholicmessenger.com/nbpa-hires-tremaglio/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Black Catholic Messenger |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] efia1vawft95m6p3peaptvsrxye3pis 0 142227 826686 800916 2026-04-26T16:18:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Esther Valdés''' ( f. 1897–1908), wacce aka fi sani da '''Esther Valdés de Díaz''', shugabar ƙungiyar kwadago ce ta Kudancin Amurka, mawallafi, [[Editing|edita]] kuma [[Feminism|mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata]] . Ita ce ta kafa ''La Palanca'', wata jarida mai zaman kanta da aka buga a Santiago, Chile a 1908. Ba a san ranar haihuwa da mutuwarta ba. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Valdés ya yi aiki a matsayin mai dinki tun daga shekarar 1897 yana yin kayan sawa a wani shagon sayar da tufafi a [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Esther Valdés de Díaz |url=https://defensoresydefensoras.indh.cl/defensores-as-en-la-historia/derechos-laborales/esther-valdes-de-diaz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016175529/https://defensoresydefensoras.indh.cl/defensores-as-en-la-historia/derechos-laborales/esther-valdes-de-diaz/ |archive-date=2015-10-16 |access-date=2020-02-10 |website=Defensores y Defesoras de los Derechos HumanosDefensores/as {{!}} INDH |language=es}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Dietz |first=Ana Lopez |last2=Histórico |first2=Tiempo |title=Ana López Dietz. Feminismo y emancipación en la prensa obrera femenina Chile, 1890-1915 |url=https://www.academia.edu/12141822 |language=es }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekarar 1905, ta fara taimaka wa ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata da cibiyoyi, kuma ta fara zama shugabar ƙungiyar Seamstresses. Ta buƙaci [[Tsarin mulki|a tsara]] lokutan aiki, a kawo ƙarshen aikin dare, a hutun Lahadi, da kuma albashi mai kyau. Faɗarta ta yi ne don inganta albashi da kuma samun inshorar lafiya ko rashin aikin yi ga ma'aikata da kuma yin Allah wadai da lokutan aiki na yau da kullun na awanni 14 a rana, kwana bakwai na mako. <ref name=":0"/> Ba da daɗewa ba aka naɗa ta shugabar ƙungiyar masu dinki "Kariya, Tanadin Kuɗi da Tsaro," wadda ta yi zamanta na farko a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1906, inda ta yi rijistar ɗaruruwan membobi. An ce game da ita cewa "wata mace ce mai mutunci da wayewa (...) ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masana da ake girmama ajin ma'aikata." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bread and Roses: Stories of Women Who Made History, Carmela Jeria |url=http://www.pyr.org.ar/Carmela-Jeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095556/http://www.pyr.org.ar/Carmela-Jeria |archive-date=2015-04-02}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2018-03-21 |title=Esther Valdés de Díaz |url=https://prensademujeres.cl/portfolio/esther-valdes-de-diaz/ |access-date=2020-02-10 |language=es-CL}}</ref> Valdés ta kuma shiga cikin ƙungiyar editocin jaridar La Alborada ( da Turanci: The Dawn), wadda ƙawarta Carmela Jeria ta kafa, wadda aka buga tsakanin Nuwamba 1904 da Agusta 1906 a Valparaíso, Chile, da kuma daga Nuwamba 1906 zuwa Mayu 1907 a Santiago. Bugawa ta ƙare jim kaɗan bayan da Jeria ta yi jawabi ga taron ranar Mayu na mutane 40,000, wanda a bayyane yake ya sa ta rasa aikinta na mai buga rubutu kuma ta fuskanci bala'o'i da dama na sirri (duk an rubuta su ne ta Valdés a cikin editan ta na farko a 1908). [1] [2] [3] == Manazarta == 3ejrb0xsi82ulyhha9v09nyi5k3lib6 0 142590 826665 801892 2026-04-26T14:23:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emma Runswick''' likita ce 'yar ƙasar Ingila kuma ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar ƙwadago wadda ta ƙware a fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa . Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar majalisar ƙungiyar likitocin Burtaniya tun daga shekarar 2022. == Rayuwa == An haifi Runswick ga Kathy da Alan Runswick. Iyayenta sun haɗu ta hanyar ayyukan ƙungiyar ma'aikata a cikin Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Haraji ta Cikin Gida. Dukansu wakilan wurin aiki ne na Ƙungiyar a Liverpool. An zaɓe Kathy (a matsayin Kathy Liddell) na tsawon shekaru da yawa a Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙasa (NEC) na IRSF, sannan NEC na Ƙungiyar Ayyukan Jama'a, Haraji da Kasuwanci, sannan kuma zuwa NEC na Ƙungiyar Ayyukan Jama'a da Kasuwanci yayin da ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata suka haɗu. An zaɓe ta a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugaba ta PCS kuma ita ce Shugabar Kwamitin Kuɗi na Ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PCS Left Unity September NEC Report |url=https://www.labournet.net/ukunion/0309/pcs1.html |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=www.labournet.net}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta kuma tsohuwar shugabar Jam'iyyar Labour ce ta mazabar Wallasey . Kathy ta bar Jam'iyyar Labour a 2023. Mahaifin Runswick Alan ɗan fafutuka ne na gida kuma Jami'in Reshe na IRSF, PTC sannan kuma Ƙungiyar Ayyukan Jama'a da Kasuwanci [1] na tsawon shekaru sama da 40. Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Kuɗi da Kwastam ta PCS na tsawon shekaru da dama har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya. [2] [3] [4] Alan yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar gurguzu a IRSF kuma ya kasance Sakataren Ƙasa na ƙungiyar gurguzu a PCS tsawon shekaru da yawa, ciki har da lokacin da 'yan hagu suka fara samun rinjaye a Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙasa na PCS. Emma Runswick ta halarci ayyukan ƙungiyar kwadago da na ƙungiyoyin kwadago da dama tare da iyayenta, ciki har da zanga-zangar adawa da yaƙin Iraki a Landan a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 2003. Ta girma a wani ƙaramin gida da ke Wirral, Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Taj |date=2023-08-03 |title=Bleeding Junior Doctors Dry |url=https://tribunemag.co.uk/2023/03/bleeding-junior-doctors-dry |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=tribunemag.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> Runswick ta halarci Jami'ar Manchester don yin karatun likitanci kuma ta kasance wakiliyar ɗalibai a lokacin karatunta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Student Voice and Engagement {{!}} Student Reps {{!}} Emma Runswick, BMH Undergraduate Rep {{!}} The University of Manchester |url=http://www.yoursay.manchester.ac.uk/student-reps/emma-runswick-bmh-undergraduate-rep/ |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=www.yoursay.manchester.ac.uk }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Runswick yana koyon Harshen Kurame na Burtaniya . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Leadership at the BMA |url=https://www.bma.org.uk/about-us/about-the-bma/how-we-work/leadership-at-the-bma |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=The British Medical Association |language=en-gb}}</ref> Runswick likita ce mai zama a gida wacce ke aiki a ƙungiyar kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa ta al'umma a Greater Manchester . <ref name=":2"/> Ta yi aiki a lokacin annobar COVID-19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Political Thinking with Nick Robinson - The Emma Runswick One - BBC Sounds |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m001wh32 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] cdenozo0ckbea8z9cs3wbqoe4h2xg35 0 142905 826848 802766 2026-04-27T02:35:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826848 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:1928_La_Gaja_Kantaro.jpeg|thumb|La ''Gaja Kantaro'', kusan 1928]] '''Frans Swagers''' (an haife shi 27 Janairu 1870 a Antwerp, ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Maris, 1935, Antwerp) malami ne kuma marubucin darussan harshe. Bayan karatun asali a Antwerp, ya sami difloma na koyarwa a Ghent . A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1887, ya zama malami a Makarantun Urban na Antwerp . Ya rubuta [[Textbook|litattafai]] don yarukan Faransanci, Ingilishi da Jamusanci ta amfani da sanannen hanyar Gouïn, bisa ga ra'ayoyin Nicolas Gouïn Dufief, (1776-1834), Faransanci wanda ya rubuta wata kasida mai taken The Philosophy of Language yayin ziyarar [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. An buga fitowar farko da aka sani a cikin 1904; an sake buga shi a cikin shekarun 1940. Swagers ya kuma kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar ''Esperanto. '' Tare da Adolf Finet, ya tura darasi na Esperanto. La Wapiutaga Vivo (Everyday Living Esperanto) ga masu koyo masu magana da yaren Dutch da Faransanci ta amfani da wannan hanyar. Irin wannan darussan ga masu koyo na Jamusanci da Ingilishi sun biyo baya. == Haɗin waje == * [http://anet.be/desktop/letterenhuis/core/index.phtml?language=N&euser=&session=&service=isaarlh&robot=&deskservice=desktop&desktop=letterenhuis&workstation=&extra=pattern=Frans%20Swagers Letterenhuis Antwerpen]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, lambar au::17933. 4sdy06rrwkkmkrpz2s1p8jmnd4dqlkx 0 143510 826825 804425 2026-04-26T22:36:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Felix Stone Moscheles''' (8 ga Fabrairu 1833 - 22 ga Disamba 1917) ya kasance mai zane-zane na Ingila, marubuci, mai fafutukar zaman lafiya kuma mai ba da shawara ga [[Esperanto]] . Sau da yawa yakan zana hotuna da hotuna. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haife shi a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 1833 a [[Landan]] ga dangin Yahudawa na Jamus, <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Alihusain |first=C. |title=Remembering Felix Moscheles (1833-1917) {{!}} Peace Palace Library |url=https://www.peacepalacelibrary.nl/2018/01/remembering-felix-moscheles-1833-1917/ |access-date=2020-08-26 |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812125730/https://www.peacepalacelibrary.nl/2018/01/remembering-felix-moscheles-1833-1917/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Felix Moscheles ɗan sanannen pianist ne kuma malamin kiɗa Ignaz Moscheles . Iyalin sun zauna a London a farkon shekarun 1800, inda mahaifinsa ya koyar a Royal Philharmonic Society . <ref name=":1" /> Iyalin sun tuba zuwa Kiristanci bayan sun koma Ingila. Mahaifinsa, wanda aka sanya masa suna, shi ne mawaƙi Felix Mendelssohn, wanda ya kasance ɗalibin mahaifinsa.<ref name=":1"/> A cikin shekarun 1840, Mendelssohn ya kafa Leipzig Conservatory kuma mahaifin Moscheles ya ɗauki matsayin koyarwa a can. Felix ya halarci Makarantar St. Thomas kuma ya ci gaba da karatun fasaha. Ya auri mai zane Margaret Moscheles (née Sobernheim) a 1875 a Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Moscheles Margaret 1854-1927 |url=https://www.artbiogs.co.uk/1/artists/moscheles-margaret |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-08-26 |website=Artist Biographies UK}}</ref> Tare sun kwashe hunturu na 1893 a tafiya a Arewacin Afirka, [[Landan]] ya yi wahayi zuwa ga kayan fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 June 1893 |title=Our London Correspondence |url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/409249096/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-08-26 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=Glasgow Herald |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> An nuna zane-zanensa a [[Faris|Paris]], [[Birnin Antwerp|Antwerp]] da London. Felix Moscheles ya yi karatun zane tare da Jozef Van Lerius . A shekara ta 1894, Moscheles ya koma London, inda ya gina ɗakin karatu a Chelsea.<ref name="vch">{{Cite web |title=Settlement and building: Artists and Chelsea Pages 102-106 A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 12, Chelsea. |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol12/pp102-106 |access-date=21 December 2022 |website=British History Online |publisher=Victoria County History, 2004}}</ref> A cikin 1903 Felix Moscheles ya zama shugaban farko na kungiyar Esperanto ta London. Ya kasance mai zaman lafiya da kuma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na kasa da kasa, kuma saboda haka ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Arbitration da Peace Association ta Duniya. Ya shiga cikin yunkurin haɓaka ƙa'idodin warware rikice-rikice na duniya a Hague. Ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Disamba 1917 a Tunbridge Wells, Kent, [[Ingila]]. == Littattafai == * ''Ƙaunar ƙasa a matsayin Ƙarfafawa ga Yaƙi'' (1870; Wertheimer, London) * ''A cikin Bohemia tare da Du Maurier'' . No. 1 a cikin jerin "Na tuna da kyau". Tare da zane-zane na asali 63 na G. Du Maurier, wanda ke kwatanta rayuwar mai zane a cikin shekaru hamsin (1896; T. Fisher Unwin, London) * Fragments na Autobiography (1899; James Nisbet, London) == Manazarta == 62qx0y0zhh7x9ftv9ojd1javqrfsth3 0 143554 826689 804535 2026-04-26T16:27:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dame Ethel Hope Becher''', GBE , RRC & Bar (1867 – 10 ga Mayu 1948) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce 'yar Birtaniya wacce ta yi aiki a Ofishin Yaƙi a matsayin babbar mai kula da ma'aikatan jinya na rundunar Sarauniya Alexandra daga 1910 zuwa 1919. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Ethel Hope Becher a shekarar 1867. <ref name="obit" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shields |first=Rosemary |last2=Shields |first2=Linda |year=2014 |title=Dame Maud McCarthy (1859–1949): Matron-in-Chief, British Expeditionary Forces France and Flanders, First World War |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0967772013480610 |journal=Journal of Medical Biography |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=507–514 |doi=10.1177/0967772013480610 |pmid=25697351 |s2cid=30901948 |url-access=subscription |access-date=8 April 2021}}</ref> Mahaifinta shine Arthur W. Becher, wani Kanar a rundunar ma'aikatan Bengal . <ref name="obit" /> Ta halarci makaranta mai zaman kanta kuma ta yi horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Asibitin Landan daga 1893 zuwa 1899 a ƙarƙashin Eva Luckes . == Sana'a == A shekara ta 1899, ta zama ' yar'uwa mai kula da jinya kuma mai rikon kwarya a lokacin Yaƙin Boer na Biyu, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Royal Red Cross saboda aikinta. Becher tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikatan jinya shida daga Asibitin London waɗanda Eva Luckes da Sydney Holland suka zaɓa musamman bisa buƙatar Princess Alexandra na fita don jinya ga sojoji masu rashin lafiya da waɗanda suka ji rauni a Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 1903, an naɗa Becher a matsayin babbar mai kula da ma'aikatan jinya ta Sarauniya Alexandra (daga baya aka naɗa Sarauniya Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps, reshen ma'aikatan jinya na rundunar sojojin Burtaniya, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar sammacin sarauta shekara ɗaya kacal da ta gabata. <ref name="cowper">{{Cite journal |last=Cowper |first=Julia M |date=1 August 1960 |title=Nursing Services of the Army |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1305559574 |journal=Journal of the Royal United Service Institution |volume=105 |issue=619 |pages=412–418 |doi=10.1080/03071846009421129 |id={{ProQuest|1305559574}} |url-access=subscription |access-date=8 April 2021}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> An ɗaukaka ta zuwa babbar mai kula da ma'aikatan jinya a shekara ta 1910, inda ta maye gurbin Caroline Keer a matsayin, kuma aka tura ta aiki a Ofishin Yaƙi . <ref name="atlanta" /> <ref name="qaranc">{{Cite web |title=Command & Control of Army Nurses |url=https://britisharmynurses.com/command-control-of-army-nurses/ |access-date=8 April 2021 |website=British Army Nurses |publisher=Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A matsayinta na babbar mai kula da ma'aikatan jinya, ita ce ke da alhakin ɗaukar ma'aikata da kuma gudanar da dukkan ma'aikatan jinya, kuma ta kula da ma'aikatan jinya da ke aiki a yankuna da dama, ciki har da Macedonia, Malta, Gibraltar, da Faransa. <ref name="cowper"/> Becher ya kusa yin ritaya a farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]] a 1914, amma ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da aiki. == Hidima a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya == Ta kula da ma'aikatan jinya sama da 10,000 da kuma mambobi 9,500 na Sashen Agajin Gaggawa na Sashen Taimakon Sa-kai daga 1914 zuwa 1918. [1] An nada ta a matsayin Uwargidan Alheri na Order of Saint John a 1917, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ga Royal Red Cross a watan Janairun 1918, inda ta zama mutum na farko da ya karɓi kyautar sau biyu. An naɗa ta a matsayin Dame Grand Cross na Order of the British Empire a watan Yunin 1918. [2] Bayan ƙarshen yaƙin, Becher ta yi murabus daga muƙaminta a matsayin shugabar mata a watan Maris na 1919. Kafafen yaɗa labarai sun bayyana ta a matsayin " [[Florence Nightingale]] ta zamani" kuma sun rubuta cewa "zai yi wuya a ambaci sunan kowace mace da ta taka rawa a babban yaƙin." <ref name="atlanta" /> A shekarar 1931, Becher ya kafa Ƙungiyar Kula da Jinya ta United Services, wadda ta shirya bayar da tallafin gwamnati ga ma'aikatan jinya waɗanda suka yi aiki a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. Ethel Becher ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1948. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1867]] 47myomtr86xd3xtg7jzc7v14ekbt7ma 0 143569 826811 804572 2026-04-26T21:25:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatim-Zahra Ammor''' ko '''Fatima-Zahra Ammor''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1967) injiniya ce, mai ba da shawara kuma 'yar siyasa '[[Moroko|yar ƙasar Morocco]]. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Islah |first=Fateh |date=22 April 2022 |title=Maroc : une journée avec Fatim-Zahra Ammor, ministre « tout-terrain » du Tourisme – Jeune Afrique |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1340999/politique/maroc-une-journee-avec-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-tout-terrain-du-tourisme/ |access-date=2022-06-18 |website=[[Jeune Afrique]] |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, 2021, ita ce Ministar Yawon Buɗe Ido, Sana'o'i da Tattalin Arzikin Zamantakewa da Haɗin Kai ta Morocco a yanzu. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Challenge |date=7 October 2021 |title=Qui est Fatim-Zahra Ammor, ministre du Tourisme, de l'Artisanat et de l'Economie sociale et solidaire ? |url=https://www.challenge.ma/qui-est-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-sociale-et-solidaire-222844/ |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=Challenge |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131080332/https://www.challenge.ma/qui-est-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-sociale-et-solidaire-222844/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Fatim-Zahra Ammor a Rabat a shekarar 1967 a cikin dangin masana ilimi. Mahaifinta ma'aikacin banki ne, mahaifiyarta kuma marubuciya ce. <ref name=":2"/> Bayan kammala karatun sakandare a Lycée Lyautey da ke Casablanca, ta tashi zuwa Faransa don azuzuwan shiri, sannan ta shiga Makarantar Fasaha ta Ƙasa da ke Paris (ENSTA Paris), inda ta sami digirin injiniya a shekarar 1991. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |date=7 October 2021 |title=Fatim-Zahra Ammor, une marketeuse à la tête du ministère du Tourisme |url=https://snrtnews.com/fr/article/fatim-zahra-ammor-une-dg-%C3%A0-la-t%C3%AAte-du-minist%C3%A8re-du-tourisme |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=SNRTnews |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Aiki == Bayan ta dawo Morocco a shekarar 1992, ta fara aikinta na ƙwararru a fannin Talla a [[Procter & Gamble]] a ƙarƙashin jagorancin James Michael Lafferty kafin ta shiga ƙungiyar Morocco Akwa Group a shekarar 2001 a matsayin Daraktar Talla kuma memba ta kwamitin zartarwa inda ta yi nasarar gina kamfanoni kusan ashirin masu ƙarfi. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Maison de l’Artisan |date=7 October 2021 |title=Nomination de Mme Fatim-Zahra Ammor nouvelle Ministre du Tourisme, de l'Artisanat et de l'Economie Sociale et Solidaire |url=https://www.mda.gov.ma/fr/nomination-de-mme-fatim-zahra-ammor-nouvelle-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-sociale-et-solidaire/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=Artisanat du Maroc |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2022-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021134745/https://www.mda.gov.ma/fr/nomination-de-mme-fatim-zahra-ammor-nouvelle-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-sociale-et-solidaire/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A wannan lokacin, tare da Aziz Akhannouch, ta jagoranci bikin Timitar, bikin kiɗan duniya a Morocco a Agadir, da nufin sake sanya birnin Agadir a matsayin wurin al'adu <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Fatim-Zahra Ammor, une consultante chevronnée au service du Tourisme |url=https://telquel.ma/2021/10/07/fatim-zahra-ammor-une-consultante-chevronnee-au-service-du-tourisme_1739475?fbrefresh=5 |access-date=2021-10-11 |website=Telquel.ma |language=fr}}</ref> A shekarar 2012, ta fara ba da shawara ga manyan jami'ai a fannin tallatawa da haɓaka kasuwanci, wanda hakan ya ba ta damar jagorantar tarurruka da dama na ƙasashen duniya a madadin cibiyoyin gwamnati. Assises de l'Agriculture, Salon du Cheval, Berlin Green Week, da sauransu. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=News tourisme |title=Biographie de Fatim-Zahra Ammor, ministre du Tourisme, de l'Artisanat et de l'Economie sociale et solidaire |url=https://newstourisme.com/tourisme/biographie-de-fatim-zahra-ammor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704113639/https://newstourisme.com/tourisme/biographie-de-fatim-zahra-ammor/ |archive-date=2022-07-04 |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=www.newstourisme.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, Sarki Mohammed na VI ya naɗa ta a matsayin Kwamishina Janar na Nunin Duniya na Milan (Expo Milano 2015). A ƙarƙashin jagorancinta, rumfar Morocco ita ce ta 5 da aka fi ziyarta a bikin baje kolin ta hanyar karɓar baƙi miliyan 3 cikin watanni 6 <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Challenge |date=22 November 2015 |title=Elle fait l'actu : Fatim-Zahra Ammor, Commissaire Générale du Pavillon du Maroc à Expo Milano |url=https://www.challenge.ma/elle-fait-lactu-fatim-zahra-ammor-commissaire-generale-du-pavillon-du-maroc-a-expo-milano-46575/ |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=www.challenge.ma |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2022-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021140243/https://www.challenge.ma/elle-fait-lactu-fatim-zahra-ammor-commissaire-generale-du-pavillon-du-maroc-a-expo-milano-46575/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ta shiga kwamitin gudanarwa na Société des Boissons du Maroc, wani reshe na Castel Group. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=SBM |title=ASSEMBLEE GENERALE MIXTE du 27 Avril 2020 |url=https://www.boissons-maroc.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/SBM-AGM-du-27-avril-2020-Avis-de-convocation-V3.pdf/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417020507/https://www.boissons-maroc.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/SBM-AGM-du-27-avril-2020-Avis-de-convocation-V3.pdf |archive-date=2023-04-17 |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=www.boissons-maroc.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Kasancewarta memba a jam'iyyar RNI (National Rally of Independents), ta shiga gwamnatin da Aziz Akhannouch ke jagoranta a matsayin Ministan Yawon Buɗe Ido, Sana'o'in hannu da Tattalin Arzikin Zamantakewa da Haɗin Kai a ƙoƙarin gwamnati na kawo ƙarshen rikicin bayan Covid-19 da kuma sake farfaɗo da yawon buɗe ido na Morocco, wanda shine babban abin da ke ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin Morocco. <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last= |date=8 October 2021 |title=Qui est Fatim-Zahra Ammor ministre du Tourisme et de l'économie solidaire ? |url=http://www.menara.ma/fr/article/qui-est-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-solidaire |access-date=2021-10-11 |website=www.menara.ma}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, 2021, Sarki Mohammed na VI ya naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Yawon Buɗe Ido, Sana'o'i da Tattalin Arzikin Jama'a a majalisar ministocin Aziz Akhannouch, inda ta gaji tsohuwar minista Nadia Fettah Alaoui. <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2021-10-08 |title=Ministère du tourisme: Passation des pouvoirs entre Fatim-Zahra Ammor et Nadia Fettah Alaoui |url=https://www.leconomiste.com/flash-infos/ministere-du-tourisme-passation-des-pouvoirs-entre-fatim-zahra-ammor-et-nadia-fettah |access-date=2021-10-11 |website=L'Economiste |language=fr}}</ref> [[Yawon Buɗe Ido a Maroko|Yawon Buɗe Ido a Morocco]] babban tushen samun kuɗi ne da kuɗin ƙasashen waje ga ƙasar, kuma an ba ta amanar sake kunna shi bayan annobar COVID-19. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Goff |first=Shaquile |title=Fatim-Zahra Ammor appointed Minister of Tourism Handicrafts and Social and Solidarity Economy |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/10/344816/fatim-zahra-ammor-appointed-minister-of-tourism-handicrafts-and-social-and-solidarity-economy |access-date=2021-10-11 |website=www.moroccoworldnews.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Fatim-Zahra tana da aure kuma uwa ce ga 'ya'ya biyu. Mijinta babban jami'i ne a wani kamfani na ƙasashen duniya. Ta taɓa zama a Luxembourg tare da mijinta daga shekarun 2017 har zuwa lokacin da ta fara gwamnati a shekarar 2021. <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Map |title=Mme Fatim-Zahra Ammor, ministre du Tourisme, de l'Artisanat et de l'Economie sociale et solidaire |url=http://mapnews.ma/fr/le-gouvernement/mme-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-du-tourisme-de-l%E2%80%99artisanat-et-de-l%E2%80%99economie-sociale/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021134747/http://mapnews.ma/fr/le-gouvernement/mme-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-du-tourisme-de-l%E2%80%99artisanat-et-de-l%E2%80%99economie-sociale/ |archive-date=2022-10-21 |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=www?mapnews.ma/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8hg4k2yasus6q9rb5ze88ck0jdiwme0 0 143727 826663 805010 2026-04-26T14:19:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dr. Emma Kantema''' (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta 1978) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Namibia wacce a halin yanzu take aiki a matsayin Ministar Jinsi da Jin Daɗin Yara ta Jamhuriyar [[Namibiya|Namibia]] tun daga ranar 21 ga watan Maris 2025. Ta kasance 'yar Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta [[SWAPO]] tun daga shekarar 2020.<ref name="bio">{{cite web|title=At home with Emma Sidona Kantema - Emma on family, swimming and cooking|url=https://neweralive.na/posts/at-home-with-emma-sidona-kantema-gaomas|website=parliament.na|date=2021-06-18|accessdate =2023-11-20}}</ref> Daga ranar 21 ga watan Maris 2020 zuwa ranar 21 ga watan Maris 2025, ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Ministar Wasanni, Matasa da Hidima ta Ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kantema-Gaomas, Emma |url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/kantema-gaomas-emma/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=parliament.na}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY 2021 |url=http://www.lac.org.na/laws/hansards/Minutes_of_Proceedings_and_Index-2021.pdf |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=lac.org.na |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Dr Emma Kantema a Rupara, Kavango.<ref name="bio"/> Ita ce babbar 'ya'ya mata biyar kuma ta yi karatunta a makarantarsu ta gida, kafin ta koma [[Windhoek]], sannan ta yi digiri a fannin Gudanar da Albarkatun Ƙasa a [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Namibia]]. <ref name="bio"/> Tana da digirin digirgir a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Namibia.<ref name="bio"/> Tana kuma da digirin digirgir a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci. <ref name="bio" /> == Aikin siyasa == A watan Maris a shekarar 2020, Shugaba Hage Geingob ya naɗa Kantema-Gaomas a matsayin Mataimakiyar Ministan Wasanni, Matasa da Hidima ta Ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hage Geingob |date=2020-03-22 |title=President Hage G. Geingob appoints the following persons as members of the National Assembly (Press release) |url=https://www.gov.na/documents/10181/985403/PRESIDENT+HAGE+G.+GEINGOB+APPOINTS+THE+FOLLOWING+PERSONS+AS+MEMBERS+OF+THE+NATIONAL+ASSEMBLY+%282020+03+22%29/46902d01-af3c-481d-92e2-f114a6e92e41 |access-date=2021-12-07 |website=The Presidency |archive-date=2021-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117071645/https://www.gov.na/documents/10181/985403/PRESIDENT+HAGE+G.+GEINGOB+APPOINTS+THE+FOLLOWING+PERSONS+AS+MEMBERS+OF+THE+NATIONAL+ASSEMBLY+(2020+03+22)/46902d01-af3c-481d-92e2-f114a6e92e41 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokaci guda kuma, Shugaban ƙasa ya naɗa ta mataimakiya ta hanyar doka a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa, wanda hakan ya ba ta damar zama memba na gwamnati. Ita memba ce a Kwamitin Tsakiya na jam'iyyar [[SWAPO]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kantema-Gaomas, Emma |url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/kantema-gaomas-emma/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=parliament.na}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY 2021 |url=http://www.lac.org.na/laws/hansards/Minutes_of_Proceedings_and_Index-2021.pdf |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=lac.org.na |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Dr Kantema tana da aure da mijinta Bryan Gaomab kuma suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu. <ref name="bio"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] rrss4grooerfudgh08790u6edhcp7cx 0 143757 826902 805080 2026-04-27T07:35:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Geneviève de Brunelle''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Marquise de Combray''', (1742 &#x2013; 1823), ta kasance mai ra'ayin sarauta kuma 'yar Faransa mai adawa da juyin juya hali, wanda ke nufin ta goyi bayan dangin sarauta a lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa sannan daga baya Daular Faransa ta Farko . == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Geneviève a [[Rouen]] a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1742, 'yar jarumi Jean-Baptiste Gouin d' Epinay (ya mutu a 1747) da Madelaine Hubert de Tournebut, 'yar mai ba da shawara ga Babban Dakin Majalisar Dokokin Normandy . Geneviève na Brunelle ya auri wani mai martaba, Jean-Louis Armand Emmanuel Hélie de Bonnœil (1732-1784). Suna da 'ya'ya hudu: Alexandre Louis César Hélie de Bonneuil (6 Yuli 1762 - 8 Disamba 1846), Auguste Louis Timoléon Hélie de Combray (1764-1849), Louise-Geneviève (1765-1830) da Caroline (1773-1809). A ƙarƙashin Ofishin Jakadancin da Daular Farko, ta ba da mafaka ga mata masu neman mata rabin dozin da kuma 'yan Carthusians uku a cikin Château de Tournebut ɗinta da ke Eure, Normandy. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Mautouchet |first=P. |date=1901 |title=Review of La Chouannerie normande au temps de l'Empire. Tournebut, 1804-1809 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20523448 |journal=Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine |volume=3 |issue=7 |pages=768–770 |issn=0996-2743}}</ref> === Mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin sarauta === Geneviève ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙungiyar Norman Chouannerie a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin tare da Kanar François Robert d'Aché, tsohon jami'in sojan ruwa, a lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa da kuma lokacin mulkin Napoleon na ɗaya . Ta sanya masu sarauta da yawa a cikin gidan sarautarta na Tournebut (a Aubevoye ) kuma ta ƙirƙiri makircin masu sarauta a can don tallafawa Daular. [1] [[Fayil:Enclos_de_l'église_Saint-Georges_-_Tombe_de_la_Marquise_de_Combray,_dame_de_Tournebut.jpg|thumb|302x302px|Kabarin Marquise de Combray a Rouen, Faransa.]] A ranar 7 ga Yuni 1807, a cikin dajin Quesnay, an kai hari kan motar da ke ɗauke da kuɗin masu karɓar Argentan da Alençon . <ref name=":0"/> Shugaban Chouan Armand-Victor Le Chevalier ne ya shirya harin, wanda yake ƙaunar Caroline (ƙaramin ɗan Geneviève) wanda ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen kai harin. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=LE NOTRE |first=G. |title=The House of the Combrays |url=https://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/g-lenotre/the-house-of-the-combrays-one/page-20-the-house-of-the-combrays-one.shtml |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=www.ebooksread.com |page=20 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A nata ɓangaren, Geneviève ta taimaka wajen jigilar kuɗi bayan harin kuma an kama ta a ranar 20 ga Agusta 1807, bisa umarnin shugaban Seine-inférieure Savoye-Rollin, da kuma wani jami'in 'yan sanda mai himma, Pierre-François Réal. <ref name=":1" /> A lokacin shari'ar, Geneviève da 'yarta Caroline sun sami kariya daga Claude François Chauveau-Lagarde, lauyan da ya kare [[Maryamu Antoinette|Marie Antoinette]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Collections Online {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG223386 |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=www.britishmuseum.org}}</ref> An yanke wa Caroline hukuncin kisa, kuma duk da cewa ana zargin tana da juna biyu, an kashe ta a watan Oktoban 1809. A nata bangaren, an yanke wa Geneviève hukuncin daurin shekaru ashirin da biyu a ranar 30 ga Disamban 1808. Ta shafe lokaci a wani gidan yari na fursunoni da kuma wurin da aka kai ta, amma a lokacin, lokacin da aka nuna ta a bainar jama'a, an kewaye ta da mata masu inganci daga [[Rouen]] waɗanda suka hau mai gadi a kusa da wurin da aka kai ta don kare ta. An soke hukuncin Geneviève a watan Agustan 1814, a ƙarƙashin Bourbon Restoration . <ref name=":1"/> === Shekarun ƙarshe === A ranar 18 ga Agusta 1814, aka kafa Mulkin Combray a matsayin marquisate a madadinta, kuma ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ta sami ɗaukakar da aka miƙa ta ga Sarki Louis XVIII da kuma iyalan sarauta da aka dawo da su, a ranar 5 ga Satumba 1814. <ref name=":1"/> Ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 1823 tana da shekaru 81 a gidan sarautarta <ref name=":1"/> kuma an binne ta a cikin katangar cocin Saint-Georges. == Manazarta == n2mvxfo3mxfjnu5ke8r2vj4278rm4sn 0 144590 826653 807232 2026-04-26T13:41:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elvira Moragas Cantarero''', sunan addini ''María Sagrario de San Luis Gonzaga'', (8 Janairu 1881 - 15 Agusta 1936) yar Sipaniya ce ta Order of the Discalced Karmelites na Albarka Budurwa Maryamu na Dutsen Karmel . <ref name="SEB">{{Cite web |date= |title=Beata Maria Sagrario di San Luigi Gonzaga (Elvira Moragas Cantarero) |url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91507 |access-date=9 December 2017 |publisher=Santi e Beati}}</ref> <ref name="SQPN">{{Cite web |date=15 August 2016 |title=Blessed Elvira Moragas Cantarero |url=https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-elvira-moragas-cantarero/ |access-date=9 December 2017 |publisher=Saints SQPN}}</ref> Hanyarta ta farko ita ce ta bi mahaifinta a harkar magunguna kuma ta yi fice a wannan fannin, bayan ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka zama likitan magunguna . Wannan ya ci gaba bayan mutuwar mahaifinta lokacin da ta karɓi iko a harkar, daga baya ta janye don ɗan'uwanta ya karɓi mulki lokacin da ta bayyana cewa tana son shiga harkar addini. <ref name="SEB"/> Lokacin da ta kasance a gidan sufi ya sa ta ɗauki nauyin jagoranci inda take kare 'yan uwanta mata masu ibada cikin fara'a. Amma barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain ya tilasta mata guduwa ta ɓuya tare da wata matar addinin Kirista yayin da take ƙin gayyatar ɗan'uwanta na zama tare da shi tunda tana son tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye 'yan uwanta masu addini. Amma an kama ta kuma aka harbe ta a tsakiyar dare lokacin da 'yan bindiga suka fusata da shirunta yayin da ake yi mata tambayoyi. <ref name="OCD" /> <ref name="SQPN"/> Mutuwarta ta haifar da kiraye-kiraye da yawa na a gabatar da tsarin girmamawa kuma daga baya aka buɗe ta a shekarar 1962 a ƙarƙashin Paparoma John XXIII ; ta zama Bawan Allah da zarar an fara wannan fafutukar. Paparoma John Paul II ya yi wa Moragas alfarma a tsakiyar shekarar 1998 a Dandalin Saint Peter. <ref name="SQPN"/> <ref name="SEB"/> == Rayuwa == An haifi Elvira Moragas Cantarero a Lillo da ke Toledo a shekarar 1881 a matsayin ta uku cikin 'ya'ya huɗu da Ricardo Moragas da Isabel Cantarero suka haifa. <ref name="SQPN"/> Mahaifinta yana aiki a matsayin mai sayar da magunguna kuma ya karɓi iko daga mahaifinsa Severiano Moragas. Babbar 'yar uwarta Sagrario (an haife ta a shekarar 1879) ta rasu a shekarar 1890. Moragas sun ƙaura zuwa Madrid a shekarar 1886 bayan Sarki Alfonso XIII ya naɗa mahaifinta a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan magunguna ga sarkin; Moragas sun kasance a El Prado tun daga 1885 kuma a Madrid suna zaune a lamba 97 Bravo Murillo Street a saman shagonsu. A can ne ta fara sha'awar aikin mahaifinta kuma tana son bin sa a wannan hanyar aiki; waɗanda ke kusa da ita sun lura da ita a matsayin wacce ta ƙuduri aniyar cimma wannan burin. Karatunta na farko yana makarantar San Fernando kafin ta tafi makarantar sakandare a Cardinal Cisneros Institute kafin karatunta na kwaleji daga 1900 zuwa 1905. <ref name="SEB"/> A shekarar 1887 ta sami Tabbatarwa . Moragas ta zama ɗaliba mai kyau a makaranta kuma ta sami sakamako mafi kyau yayin da ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a ranar 29 ga Yuni 1889. A shekara ta 1900 ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka shiga sashen harhada magunguna na kwalejin da ke Madrid. <ref name="SQPN"/> Moragas ta sami lasisin harhada magunguna a ranar 16 ga Yuni 1905. <ref name="SEB"/> Mutuwar mahaifinta a shekara ta 1909 ta sa ta karɓi iko a kasuwancinsa don tallafa wa mahaifiyarta da 'yan uwanta; mahaifiyarta ta rasu daga baya a shekara ta 1911. A shekara ta 1915 ɗan'uwanta Ricardo ya kammala karatunsa a matsayin mai harhada magunguna kuma ya karɓi aikin don 'yar'uwarsa ta bi umarninta na shiga rayuwar addini. Daraktan ruhaniya nata a wannan lokacin shine José María Rubio Peralta . A ranar 21 ga Yuni 1915 aka karɓe ta a matsayin mai riƙe da muƙamin a gidan sufi na Saints Anne da Joseph da ke Madrid. A ranar 21 ga Disamba 1915 aka ba ta wannan ɗabi'a kuma ta sami sunanta na addini . Ta yi alƙawarinta na farko a ranar 24 ga Disamba 1916, yayin da aka yi bikin cika alƙawarinta na musamman a ranar 6 ga Janairu 1920. <ref name="SEB"/> A ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1927 aka zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar gidanta kuma ta riƙe wannan matsayin har zuwa 1930 lokacin da ta yi aiki a matsayin uwargidan sabbin ma'aikata har zuwa 1936. An sake naɗa Moragas a matsayin shugabar a ranar 1 ga Yuli 1936 kuma za ta riƙe wannan matsayi har mutuwarta. <ref name="SQPN"/> <ref name="SEB" /> A ranar 20 ga Yuli, 1936, wani babban taron jama'a ya kai hari gidan sufi, don haka ta tura 'yan uwanta mabiya addinin zuwa mafaka yayin da take neman mafaka tare da Sister Teresa María a gidan iyayenta. A wannan lokacin ne ɗan'uwanta ya nemi ta zo ta zauna tare da shi a wani ƙauye maƙwabta domin ta zauna lafiya. Amma ta ƙi tayin kuma ta ce dole ne ta kula da 'yan'uwanta mata. <ref name="SEB"/> Amma an kama ta da abokiyar zamanta a ranar 14 ga Agusta. <ref name="OCD">{{Cite web |date=16 August 2017 |title=B. Maria Sagrario of St. Aloysius Gonzaga (OCD), Virgin & Martyr (M) |url=http://ocarm.org/en/cotent/liturgy/b-maria-sagrario-st-aloysius-gonzaga-ocd-virgin-martyr-m |access-date=9 December 2017 |publisher=Order of Carmelites }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://ocarm.org/en/cotent/liturgy/b-maria-sagrario-st-aloysius-gonzaga-ocd-virgin-martyr-m "B. Maria Sagrario of St. Aloysius Gonzaga (OCD), Virgin & Martyr (M)"]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Order of Carmelites. 16 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite>{{Dead link|date=March 2023}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from March 2023]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore=""><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span>]]''&#x5D;</span></sup></ref> A lokacin tambayoyi, ta yi shiru yayin da masu tambayarta suka tambaya inda ake ɓoye kayan tarihi na gidan sufi tun da hare-haren ba su nuna wani abu mai muhimmanci ba. Maimakon haka, shirunta ya haifar da fushi ga masu tambayoyinta waɗanda suka matsa mata lamba don neman bayani. Ƙin amincewa da ita ya sa wani ɗan sanda ya ba ta takarda inda ta rubuta: "Viva Cristo Rey!" (Ranka ya daɗe da rai Almasihu Sarki). Wannan ya fusata 'yan bindigar da suka yanke shawarar kashe ta idan ba a sami wani bayani daga gare ta ba. <ref name="SQPN"/> An harbe Moragas a gidan yarin San Isidro bayan an kai shi can da yamma a ranar 15 ga Agusta kafin tsakar dare. <ref name="SEB" /> == Ƙarfafawa == An rufe tsarin tsarkakewa a cikin babban cocin cocin a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 1965; daga baya Congregation for the Causes of Waliyyai ta tabbatar da wannan tsari a ranar 14 ga Disamba 1984. Haka kuma cocin ya amince da wannan dalili a ranar 21 ga Janairu 1997. Paparoma John Paul II ya tabbatar da tsarkakewa María Sagrario de San Luis Gonzaga a ranar 8 ga Maris 1997 bayan ya tabbatar da cewa ta mutu cikin odium fidei ("cikin ƙin addini"). Paparoma ya jagoranci al'adun tsarkakewa a dandalin Saint Peter a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1998. Wanda ke gabatar da wannan dalili a yanzu shine Disccalced Carmelite Romano Gambalunga. === Tallafi === A shekarar 1998, Babban Bishop na Madrid Cardinal Antonio María Rouco Varela ya gabatar da ita a matsayin mai kula da masu harhada magunguna a lokacin da aka yi mata karramawa. <ref name="SEB"/> == Manazarta == oymwteypqmeeqyxm7fjdfs7ik23ad6g 0 144598 826836 820213 2026-04-27T00:15:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dame Fiona Margaret Powrie''' DBE FRS FMedSci (an haife ta a shekara ta 1963) a halin yanzu ita ce shugabar Cibiyar Nazarin Ruwa ta Kennedy a [[Jami'ar Oxford]] . A baya ita ce Farfesa ta farko ta Sidney Truelove a fannin Gastroenterology a [[Jami'ar Oxford]] . Har ila yau, ita ce shugabar Sashen Magungunan Gwaje-gwaje na Ma'aikatar Magungunan Asibiti ta Nuffield.<ref name="Ndm.ox.ac.uk">{{Cite web |title=Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine – Prof Fiona Powrie FRS |url=http://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/principal-investigators/researcher/fiona-powrie |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120132957/http://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/principal-investigators/researcher/fiona-powrie |archive-date=20 November 2012 |access-date=2012-11-15 |publisher=Ndm.ox.ac.uk}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Powrie ta yi karatun ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar Bath, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Keynotes |url=http://2012.the-embo-meeting.org/programme/keynotes-a-plenaries/keynotes.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624202557/http://2012.the-embo-meeting.org/programme/keynotes-a-plenaries/keynotes.html |archive-date=24 June 2013 |access-date=2012-11-15 |publisher=2012.the-embo-meeting.org}}</ref> kafin ta kammala digiri na DPhil a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Don Mason ne Makarantar Sir William Dunn, [[Jami'ar Oxford]]. <ref name="wordpress1">{{Cite web |date=2012-01-31 |title=A delicate balance: Investigating intestinal inflammation « Wellcome Trust Blog |url=http://wellcometrust.wordpress.com/2012/01/31/a-delicate-balance-intestinal-inflammation/ |access-date=2012-11-15 |publisher=Wellcometrust.wordpress.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ayyuka masu ban sha'awa == === Kwayoyin T masu sarrafawa === Powrie ya yi aiki tare da Don Mason a Makarantar Sir William Dunn ta Pathology yana nazarin hulɗar nau'ikan CD4 + T cells a cikin beraye. Wannan aikin ya gano cewa CD4 + OX22hi (OX22 shine CD45 a cikin beraye kuma daidai da CD45RB a cikin berayen, duka isoforms na CD45 <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Saouid A, Seddon B, Heath V, Fowell D, Mason D |year=1996 |title=The physiological role of regulatory T cells in the prevention of autoimmunity: the function of the thymus in the generation of the regulatory T cell subset |journal=Immunological Reviews |volume=149 |pages=195–216 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-065x.1996.tb00905.x |pmid=9005215 |s2cid=40160832}}</ref>) T sel sun ƙunshi aikin pathogenic yayin da CD4 + Tlo sel sun ƙunshi aiki na sarrafawa kuma zasu iya hana aikin pathogensic na CD4 + X22hi T sel <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Powrie F, Mason D |year=1990 |title=OX-22high CD4+ T cells induce wasting disease with multiple organ pathology: prevention by the OX-22low subset |journal=Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=172 |issue=6 |pages=1701–8 |doi=10.1084/jem.172.6.1701 |pmc=2188779 |pmid=2258700}}</ref> Waɗannan su ne nazarin tushe kuma suna wakiltar wasu ayyukan sarrafawa akan T sel (Treg). === Rashin kumburi na hanji === Powrie ya yi karatun post-doctoral tare da Robert L. Coffman a DNAX a Palo Alto, California. A nan, ta fadada aikinta na baya a cikin beraye zuwa beraye kuma ta haɓaka samfurin "T cell transfer", ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun samfuran kumburi na hanji inda canja wurin CD4 + CD45RBhi T cells zuwa Rag deficiency ko beraye SCID ya haifar da ci gaban kumburi mai tsanani na hanji da cutar lalacewa. Ana iya hana wannan ta hanyar canja wurin sel na CD4 + CD45RBlo T.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Powrie F, Leach MW, Mauze S, Caddle LB, Coffman RL |year=1993 |title=Phenotypically distinct subsets of CD4+ T cells induce or protect from chronic intestinal inflammation in C. B-17 scid mice |journal=[[International Immunology]] |volume=5 |issue=11 |pages=1461–71 |doi=10.1093/intimm/5.11.1461 |pmid=7903159}}</ref> Yin amfani da wannan samfurin Powrie ya kara gano rawar da IFN-γ da TNF-α suka taka a cikin kumburi na hanji da kuma yiwuwar warkarwa na IL-10 kuma ya nuna abin da ake buƙata don TGF-β a cikin rigakafin colitis ta hanyar CD4 + CD45RBlo mai sarrafawa T cell subset <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Powrie F, Leach MW, Mauze S, Menon S, Caddle LB, Coffman RL |year=1994 |title=Inhibition of Th1 responses prevents inflammatory bowel disease in scid mice reconstituted with CD45RBhi CD4+ T cells |journal=Immunity |volume=1 |issue=7 |pages=553–62 |doi=10.1016/1074-7613(94)90045-0 |pmid=7600284}}</ref> Bayan dawowa zuwa Jami'ar Oxford a cikin 1996, da farko zuwa Sashen Nuffield na Surgery kuma daga baya, Sir William Dunn School ya yi amfani da tsarin TLA mai sarrafawa don gano tsarin Treginal don hanawa na T4 don hanawa don gano ƙwayoyin cuta na T4 na ciki har da ƙwayoyin rigakafin T4 don gano ƙirar T4 don ƙwayoyin halitta don hanawa da ƙwayoyi na ciki har zuwa ƙwayoyin T4 don kawar da ƙwayohin T4 don tabbatarwa na ciki har<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Powrie F, Carlino J, Leach MW, Mauze S, Coffman RL |year=1996 |title=A critical role for transforming growth factor-beta but not interleukin 4 in the suppression of T helper type 1-mediated colitis by CD45RB(low) CD4+ T cells |journal=Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=183 |issue=6 |pages=2669–74 |doi=10.1084/jem.183.6.2669 |pmc=2192626 |pmid=8676088}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Read S, Malmstrom V, Powrie F |year=2000 |title=Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 plays an essential role in the function of CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory cells that control intestinal inflammation |journal=Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=192 |issue=2 |pages=295–302 |doi=10.1084/jem.192.2.295 |pmc=2193261 |pmid=10899916}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Maloy KJ, Salaun L, Cahill R, Dougan G, Saunders NJ, Powrie F |year=2003 |title=CD4+CD25+ T(R) cells suppress innate immune pathology through cytokine-dependent mechanisms |journal=Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=197 |issue=1 |pages=111–9 |doi=10.1084/jem.20021345 |pmc=2193798 |pmid=12515818}}</ref> Mai da hankali kan hanyoyin cututtukan cututtuka a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Powrie. gano muhimmiyar rawar da cytokine IL-23 ke takawa a cikin cututtukan motsa jiki a cikin hanji <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hue S, Ahern P, Buonocore S, Kullberg MC, Cua DJ, McKenzie BS, Powrie F, Maloy KJ |year=2006 |title=Interleukin-23 drives innate and T cell-mediated intestinal inflammation |journal=Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=203 |issue=11 |pages=2473–83 |doi=10.1084/jem.20061099 |pmc=2118132 |pmid=17030949}}</ref> === Halin warkarwa na Tregs === Ayyuka daga dakin gwaje-gwaje na Powrie. An gano cewa Treg ba zai iya hana cututtukan kumburi ba amma zai iya warkar da kumburi da aka kafa.[1] Bugu da ƙari, Powrie na daga cikin na farko da ya gano yawan CD4 + CD25 + T cells a cikin jinin ɗan adam wanda ke da ikon sarrafawa, yana tabbatar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin a matsayin ainihin T cell subset a cikin mutane.[2] == Daraja da kyaututtuka == An nada Powrie a matsayin Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) a cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar 2022 don hidimomi ga kimiyyar kiwon lafiya.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=1 June 2022}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ajbcfu7xx3roynrq67frtu4sat2881c 0 144624 826672 807344 2026-04-26T15:32:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Erlyne Antonella Ndembet''' 'yar siyasar ƙasar [[Gabon]] ce kuma Alkaliya.<ref name="gmt">{{Cite web |last=Lembet |first=Henriette |date=25 August 2024 |title=Gabon : Antonella Ndembet évincée de l'ordre judiciaire des magistrats ! |url=https://gabonmediatime.com/gabon-antonella-ndembet-evincee-de-lordre-judiciaire-des-magistrats/ |website=Gabon Media Time |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ta kasance Ministar Shari'a ta [[Gabon]] daga watan Disamban shekarar 2019 zuwa 2023. <ref name="gmt"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/world-leaders-1/GB.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905064734/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/world-leaders-1/GB.html |archive-date=September 5, 2015 |website=www.cia.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 6, 2019 |title=Gabon : Erlyne Antonella Ndembet prend les rênes du ministère de la Justice |url=https://www.gabonmediatime.com/gabon-erlyne-antonella-ndembet-prend-les-renes-du-ministere-de-la-justice/ }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Political structure |url=http://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=410217024 |website=country.eiu.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Antonella Ndembet-Damas : Redorer le blason de la Justice gabonaise |url=https://theworldnews.net/ga-news/antonella-ndembet-damas-redorer-le-blason-de-la-justice-gabonaise |website=Antonella Ndembet-Damas : Redorer le blason de la Justice gabonaise}}</ref> An haifi Ndembet a [[Nantes]] a shekarar 1971. <ref>{{Cite web |last=media |first=par Focus Groupe |date=July 1, 2020 |title=Portrait : Qui est Erlyne Antonela Ndembet l’actuelle ministre de la justice? |url=https://www.focusgroupemedia.com/portrait-qui-est-erlyne-antonela-ndembet-lactuelle-ministre-de-la-justice/}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fxxbzwkt6j4mdv9dblkz7o2e3b61pm3 0 144725 826851 807581 2026-04-27T03:11:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Frehiwot Tamru''' (Amharic: ፍሬህይወት Taምሩ) jami'ar gwamnati ce ta Habasha wacce a halin yanzu ita ce Shugaba na Ethio telecom, babbar mai samar da harkar sadarwa da intanet a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] tun daga ranar 25 ga watan Yuli 2018. == Aiki da ilimi == An haifi Frehiwot kuma ta girma a [[Addis Ababa]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fortune |first=(Addis) |title=FACES BEHIND THE FORCES |url=https://addisfortune.news/faces-behind-the-forces/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112204653/https://addisfortune.news/faces-behind-the-forces/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tana da digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Open University da ke Burtaniya da kuma digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyya a fannin Tsarin Bayanai. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin ministar gine-gine, sufuri da sadarwa na [[yankin Afar]]. <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=alm |date=2022-08-12 |title=FREHIWOT TAMRU - CEO, Ethio telecom |url=https://africanleadersmagazine.com/frehiwot-tamru-ceo-ethio-telecom/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=Africa Leaders Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar kamfanin tsohuwar kamfanin sadarwa ta Ethiopian Telecommunications for Internal Support Service. Daga nan ta tafi ta kafa kamfaninta mai suna Doxa IT Technology Plc. Har zuwa shekarar 2018, Frehiwot ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Ethio telecom, wani babban kamfanin sadarwa da intanet a ƙasar. A ranar 25 ga watan Yuli, 2018, Firayim Minista [[Abiy Ahmed]] ya naɗa Frehiwot a matsayin Shugaba na Ethio telecom, inda ta maye gurbin Andualem Admassie. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethio Telecom Appoints Frehiwot Tamiru New CEO |url=https://www.ezega.com/News/NewsDetails/6458/Ethio-Telecom-Appoints-Frehiwot-Tamiru-New-CEO |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.ezega.com |language=en}}</ref> Ta zama memba na Jam'iyyar Prosperity. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-17 |title=Ethiopia : Ethio Telecom CEO Frehiwot Tamiru: an Abiy protégée with devoted underlings - 17/11/2023 |url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/eastern-africa-and-the-horn/2023/11/17/ethio-telecom-ceo-frehiwot-tamiru-an-abiy-protegee-with-devoted-underlings,110098752-ar2 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=Africa Intelligence |language=en}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin jagorancinta, kamfanin sadarwa na Ethio Telecom ya ga ci gaba mai yawa a cikin tushen masu biyan kuɗi da kuma kuɗaɗen shiga, yayin da aka yi amfani da kuɗin fito daga kashi 40% zuwa 50%. Kamfanin ya zama mallakar gwamnati tare da ɓangaren sadarwa nasa. <ref name="auto1"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ki8ox9u8jii3bxsqumxl9ndyhz527gf 0 144829 826733 807860 2026-04-26T18:15:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Rabbi '''Ezra Zion Melamed''' (Ibraniyawa, 22 ga Nuwamba, 1903 - 9 ga Maris, 1994) masanin Littafi Mai-Tsarki da Talmudic ne na [[Israelis|Isra'ila]], kuma marubucin ƙamus na harshen [[Aramaic]].<ref name="Akadem 2">{{Cite journal |date=January 1994 |script-title=he: הרב פרופ' ע"צ מלמד בן תשעים |url=http://hebrew-academy.huji.ac.il/hadash/Documents/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9D%20-%20%D7%9B%D7%9C%20%D7%94%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA/akad2.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Akadem <!-- ''({{Script/Hebrew|אקדם}})'' --> |language=Hebrew |location=Jerusalem |publisher=The [[Academy of the Hebrew Language]] |issue=2 |page=2 |issn=0793-0593 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013091607/http://hebrew-academy.huji.ac.il/hadash/Documents/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9D%20-%20%D7%9B%D7%9C%20%D7%94%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA/akad2.pdf |archive-date=13 October 2013 |access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=June 1994 |script-title=he: פרופ' ע"צ מלמד ז"ל |url=http://hebrew-academy.huji.ac.il/hadash/Documents/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9D%20-%20%D7%9B%D7%9C%20%D7%94%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA/akad3.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Akadem |language=Hebrew |issue=3 |page=3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013091013/http://hebrew-academy.huji.ac.il/hadash/Documents/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9D%20-%20%D7%9B%D7%9C%20%D7%94%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA/akad3.pdf |archive-date=13 October 2013 |access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> An haife shi a [[Shiraz]], [[Iran|Farisa]] a shekara ta 1903. Ya lashe [[List of Israel Prize recipients|Kyautar Isra'ila]] ta 1987 saboda aikinsa a [[Biblical interpretation|Fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki]] da wallafe-wallafen Rabbinical.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Safrai |first=Shmuel |author-link=Shmuel Safrai |year=1987 |editor-last=Betsalel |editor-first=Yitshak |script-title=he: הרב פרופסור עזרא ציון מלמד |url=http://www.ybz.org.il/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/Article_31.9(1).pdf |journal=Pe'amim |language=Hebrew |location=Jerusalem |publisher=Mekhon Ben-Tsvi |issue=31 |pages=154–155 |issn=0334-4088 |access-date=20 November 2012 |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714231410/https://www.ybz.org.il/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/Article_31.9(1).pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kasance rabbi na al'ummar [[Persian Jew|Yahudawa na Farisa]] a Urushalima, ya gaji matsayin mahaifinsa.<ref name="Akadem 2" />&nbsp;<ref name="Akadem 2" />h == Kalli kuma == * {{Commons category-inline}} * {{Cite book|last1=}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1903]] j1zffb6vkj7ap4x3biva1rdu68lc1m5 0 144850 826837 807911 2026-04-27T00:18:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}{{Databox}} '''Fiona Watt''', FRS FMedSci (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1956) masanin kimiyya ne na Burtaniya wanda aka sani da duniya saboda gudummawar da ta bayar a fannin ilmin halitta.<ref name="Baker2008">{{Cite journal |last=Baker |first=Monya |year=2008 |title=Fiona Watt: expanding niches for stem cell researchers |journal=Nature Reports Stem Cells |doi=10.1038/stemcells.2008.105 |issn=1754-8705 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1980s, lokacin da filin yake cikin jariri, ta nuna mahimman halaye na ƙwayoyin halitta da mahallinsu waɗanda suka kafa tushe don yawancin bincike na yau.<ref> {{Cite journal |last=Hall |first=PA |last2=Watt |first2=FM |date=1989 |title=Stem cells: the generation and maintenance of cellular diversity. |journal=Development |volume=106 |issue=4 |pages=619–33 |doi=10.1242/dev.106.4.619 |pmid=2562658}} </ref> Watt shi ne Darakta na Ƙungiyar Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Turai (EMBO). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-20 |title=EMBO Leadership and Governance |url=https://www.embo.org/about-embo/leadership-and-governance/fiona-watt/ |language=en}} </ref> A baya ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta na Cibiyar Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine a Kwalejin King ta London, da kuma shugaban zartarwa na Majalisar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya (United Kingdom) (MRC), ta zama mace ta farko da ta jagoranci MRC tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a 1913. <ref>{{Cite web |last=MRC |first=Medical Research Council |date=2018-04-04 |title=Professor Fiona Watt new Executive Chair of the MRC |url=https://mrc.ukri.org/news/browse/professor-fiona-watt-new-executive-chair-of-the-mrc |website=mrc.ukri.org |language=en}} </ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Watt ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar halitta a shekara ta 1976, kuma ta sami digiri a shekara ta 1979, duka a Kwalejin Murray Edwards, Jami'ar Cambridge . Ta kuma sami digiri na Doctor of Philosophy daga Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a 1979, wanda Henry Harris ke kula da shi tare da rubutun kan cibiyoyin shirya Microtubule a cikin al'adu da kuma a cikin hybrids da aka samo daga gare su.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Lako |first=M |last2=Daher |first2=S |date=2009 |title=Balancing Work and Life: A Conversation with Fiona Watt |journal=Stem Cells |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=762–763 |doi=10.1002/stem.53 |pmc=2988410 |pmid=19350675}} </ref> == Ayyuka == === Bincike === Babban gudummawar bincike na Watt shine don bayyana yadda ake kiyaye murfin waje na fata na dabbobi masu shayarwa, epidermis, ta hanyar sabuntawa na sel masu tushe da bambancin ƙarshe na zuriyarsu. Yin amfani da epidermis na ɗan adam da aka gyara da kwayoyin halitta, ta fara gano yawan ƙwayoyin halitta kuma ta bayyana matsayin integrin, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adams |first=JC |last2=Watt |first2=FM |date=1989 |title=Fibronectin inhibits the terminal differentiation of human keratinocytes. |journal=Nature |volume=340 |issue=6231 |pages=307–9 |bibcode=1989Natur.340..307A |doi=10.1038/340307a0 |pmid=2473404 |s2cid=4326305}}</ref> Notch, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lowell |first=S |last2=Jones |first2=P |last3=La Roux |first3=I |last4=Dunne |first4=J |last5=Watt |first5=FM |date=2000 |title=Stimulation of human epidermal differentiation by delta-notch signalling at the boundaries of stem-cell clusters. |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=10 |issue=9 |pages=491–500 |doi=10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00451-6 |pmid=10801437 |s2cid=8927528 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wnt <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhu |first=AJ |last2=Watt |first2=FM |date=1999 |title=beta-catenin signalling modulates proliferative potential of human epidermal keratinocytes independently of intercellular adhesion. |journal=Development |volume=126 |issue=10 |pages=2285–98 |doi=10.1242/dev.126.10.2285 |pmid=10207152}}</ref> da mai karɓar tyrosine kinase <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhu |first=AJ |last2=Haase |first2=I |last3=Watt |first3=FM |date=1999 |title=Signaling via beta1 integrins and mitogen-activated protein kinase determines human epidermal stem cell fate in vitro. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=96 |issue=12 |pages=6728–33 |bibcode=1999PNAS...96.6728Z |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.12.6728 |pmc=21983 |pmid=10359780 |doi-access=free}}</ref> nunawa wajen daidaita halayensu. Ta gano alamar farko, integrin extracellular matrix (ECM) masu karɓa, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don ware ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin epidermal - masu bincike daga baya sun gano cewa wannan alamar tana wadata ga ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=PH |last2=Watt |first2=FM |date=1993 |title=Separation of human epidermal stem cells from transit amplifying cells on the basis of differences in integrin function and expression. |journal=Cell |volume=73 |issue=4 |pages=713–2 |doi=10.1016/0092-8674(93)90251-K |pmid=8500165 |s2cid=22278151}}</ref> Bugu da kari, wasu sun tabbatar da ainihin ra'ayinta cewa ECM shine babban bangare na ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwaya. Binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje ya kuma nuna cewa hulɗar tsakanin sakonni daban-daban na ciki da na waje yana da mahimmanci ga ƙayyade makomar tantanin halitta, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Connelly |first=JT |last2=Gautrot |first2=JE |last3=Trappmann |first3=B |last4=Tan |first4=DW |last5=Donati |first5=G |last6=Huck |first6=WT |last7=Watt |first7=FM |date=2010 |title=Actin and serum response factor transduce physical cues from the microenvironment to regulate epidermal stem cell fate decisions. |journal=Nat. Cell Biol. |volume=12 |issue=7 |pages=711–8 |doi=10.1038/ncb2074 |pmid=20581838 |s2cid=15176526 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> sun gano hanyoyin ji daban-daban da hanyoyin siginar ƙasa, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Trappmann |first=B |last2=Gautrot |first2=JE |last3=Connelly |first3=JT |last4=Strange |first4=DG |last5=Li |first5=Y |last6=Oyen |first6=ML |last7=Cohen Stuart |first7=MA |last8=Boehm |first8=H |last9=Li |first9=B |last10=Vogel |first10=V |last11=Spatz |first11=JP |last12=Watt |first12=FM |last13=Huck |first13=WT |date=2012 |title=Extracellular-matrix tethering regulates stem-cell fate. |journal=Nat. Mater. |volume=11 |issue=7 |pages=642–9 |bibcode=2012NatMa..11..642T |doi=10.1038/nmat3339 |pmid=22635042 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> kuma sun bayyana yanayin sauyawa tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta da ƙwayoyin rarrabe. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mishra |first=A |last2=OulEs |first2=B |last3=Pisco |first3=AO |last4=Ly |first4=T |last5=Liakath-Ali |first5=K |last6=Walko |first6=G |last7=Viswanathan |first7=P |last8=Tihy |first8=M |last9=Nijjher |first9=J |last10=Dunn |first10=SJ |last11=Lamond |first11=AI |last12=Watt |first12=FM |date=2017 |title=A protein phosphatase network controls the temporal and spatial dynamics of differentiation commitment in human epidermis. |journal=eLife |volume=6 |doi=10.7554/eLife.27356 |pmc=5667932 |pmid=29043977 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani jagora na Bayanan bayyanar kwayar halitta guda ɗaya, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jensen |first=KB |last2=Watt |first2=FM |date=2006 |title=Single-cell expression profiling of human epidermal stem and transit-amplifying cells: Lrig1 is a regulator of stem cell quiescence. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=103 |issue=32 |pages=11958–63 |bibcode=2006PNAS..10311958J |doi=10.1073/pnas.0601886103 |pmc=1567680 |pmid=16877544 |doi-access=free}} </ref> ta nuna cewa jihohin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban na mutum ba su da tsinkaye amma suna nuna kasancewar ƙwayoyin ƙwayar halitta waɗanda ba a gano su ba a baya. Ta hanyar nuna wanzuwar nau'ikan fibroblast na fata daban-daban ta buɗe hanya don sabbin dabarun don magance scarring da fibrosis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Driskell |first=R |last2=Lichtenberger |first2=BM |last3=Hoste |first3=E |last4=Kretzschmar |first4=K |last5=Simons |first5=BD |last6=Charalambous |first6=M |last7=Ferron |first7=SR |last8=Herault |first8=Y |last9=Pavlovic |first9=G |last10=Ferguson-Smith |first10=AC |last11=Watt |first11=FM |date=2013 |title=Distinct fibroblast lineages determine dermal architecture in skin development and repair. |journal=Nature |volume=504 |issue=7479 |pages=277–281 |bibcode=2013Natur.504..277D |doi=10.1038/nature12783 |pmc=3868929 |pmid=24336287}} </ref> Ayyukan Watt sun haifar da sabbin fahimta game da yadda deregulation na epidermal ke haifar da samuwar kumburi, gami da rawar da ƙwayoyin halitta masu rarrabe suka taka, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Owens |first=DM |last2=Watt |first2=FM |date=2001 |title=Influence of beta1 integrins on epidermal squamous cell carcinoma formation in a transgenic mouse model: alpha3beta1, but not alpha2beta1, suppresses malignant conversion. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=61 |issue=13 |pages=5248–54 |pmid=11431366}} </ref> kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayohin rigakafi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hoste |first=E |last2=Cipolat |first2=S |last3=Watt |first3=FM |date=2015 |title=Understanding allergy and cancer risk: what are the barriers? |journal=Nat. Rev. Cancer |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=131–2 |doi=10.1038/nrc3909 |pmid=25866857 |s2cid=33483585}} </ref> Ta gano sabbin hanyoyin da integrins ke ba da gudummawa ga [[Sankara|ciwon daji]], gami da maye gurbi integrin na farko da ke da alaƙa da ciwon daji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Evans |first=RD |last2=Perkins |first2=VC |last3=Henry |first3=A |last4=Stephens |first4=PE |last5=Robinson |first5=MK |last6=Watt |first6=FM |date=2003 |title=A tumor-associated beta 1 integrin mutation that abrogates epithelial differentiation control. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=160 |issue=4 |pages=589–96 |doi=10.1083/jcb.200209016 |pmc=2173744 |pmid=12578911}} </ref> Ta kuma gano maye gurbin Wnt na farko wanda ke motsa ciwon daji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Takeda |first=H |last2=Lyle |first2=S |last3=Lazar |first3=AJ |last4=Zouboulis |first4=CC |last5=Smyth |first5=I |last6=Watt |first6=FM |date=2006 |title=Human sebaceous tumors harbor inactivating mutations in LEF1. |journal=Nat. Med. |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=395–7 |doi=10.1038/nm1386 |pmid=16565724 |s2cid=12392504}} </ref> An tabbatar da yawan abubuwan da ta lura a wasu ciwon daji. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan ta ƙara sha'awar dangantakar da ke tsakanin bambance-bambance na kwayoyin halitta da halayyar tantanin halitta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vigilante |first=A |last2=Laddach |first2=A |last3=Moens |first3=N |last4=Meleckyte |first4=R |last5=Leha |first5=A |last6=Ghahramani |first6=A |last7=Culley |first7=OJ |last8=Kathuria |first8=A |last9=Hurling |first9=C |last10=Vickers |first10=A |last11=Wiseman |first11=E |last12=Tewary |first12=M |last13=Zandstra |first13=PW |last14=HipSci |first14=Consortium |last15=Durbin |first15=R |date=2019 |title=Identifying Extrinsic versus Intrinsic Drivers of Variation in Cell Behavior in Human iPSC Lines from Healthy Donors. |journal=Cell Rep. |volume=26 |issue=8 |pages=2078–2087 |doi=10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.094 |pmc=6381787 |pmid=30784590}} </ref> === Jagora === [[Fayil:Fiona_Watt_(16032380933).jpg|thumb|Watt a cikin 2014]] Watt ya taka muhimmiyar Rayuwa wajen inganta saka hannun jari na gwamnatin Burtaniya a cikin binciken tantanin halitta, alal misali, a matsayin ƙwararren mai ba da shawara ga Kwamitin Kimiyya da Fasaha na House of Lords. Har ila yau, ita ce tsohuwar shugabar British Society for Cell Biology da International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR). Ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Edita na Journal of Cell Science na tsawon shekaru 20 sannan kuma a matsayin Mataimakin Edita na eLife. Watt mai ba da shawara ce ga mata a kimiyya. A cikin jerin labaran [1] da hira da mata masana kimiyya (2004-2005), ta bincika gwagwarmayar da mata ke fuskanta a 'suna zuwa saman'.[2] A Majalisar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta ƙaddamar da shirin don ba da damar likitoci na cikakken lokaci don shiga cikin bincike; ta yi aiki tare da ɗaliban Black da Minority Ethnic PhD don gano sabbin hanyoyin tallafawa ayyukansu na ilimi; kuma ta haɓaka sabbin shirye-shirye a cikin multimorbidity, lafiyar kwakwalwa ta matasa da ciwo. A cikin 2020, Watt ya jagoranci kokarin tallafawa binciken coronavirus, yana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa an ba da kyaututtuka na farko daga UKRI / DHSC kamar yadda sikelin cutar ya bayyana. A lokacin da Watt ke aiki a matsayin Shugaban Zartarwa na MRC, ta lura da shawarar rufe Sashin Magunguna na Mammalian. Fiye da masu bincike 150 da manyan masana kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta a duniya sun yi tir da wannan shawarar dabarun, ciki har da Elizabeth Fisher da Robin Lovell-Badge . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Else |first=Holly |date=2019-06-26 |title=Proposal to close UK mouse-research centre is 'major threat' |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02002-y |journal=Nature |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-019-02002-y |s2cid=198624624 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bayan sake dubawa na dabarun a cikin 2019, Majalisar MRC ta kammala cewa a cikin hasken ci gaban kimiyya don ƙirƙirar samfuran linzamin kwamfuta masu rikitarwa, ya dace don mayar da hankali kan sabbin saka hannun jari a kan shirye-shiryen da aka yi niyya waɗanda aka haɗa tare da ƙirar cututtukan ɗan adam. Farfesa Owen Sansom an nada shi Darakta na sabon Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayar Kwayar Kwalejin Kwalejin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=National Mouse Genetics Network |url=https://mrc.ukri.org/research/initiatives/national-mouse-genetics-network/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2020 |title=Director appointed for new National Mouse Genetics Network |url=https://www.ukri.org/news/director-appointed-for-new-national-mouse-genetics-network/ }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Majalisar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta saka hannun jari sama da fam miliyan 20 a cikin hanyar sadarwar da ke tattare da kunshin ƙalubalen da aka rarraba a duk faɗin Burtaniya da haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci tare da Cibiyar Mary Lyon a Harwell. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2020 |title=Mary Lyon Centre |url=https://mrc.ukri.org/research/facilities-and-resources-for-researchers/mary-lyon-centre/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=National Mouse Genetics Network |url=https://mrc.ukri.org/research/initiatives/national-mouse-genetics-network/#centre}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.har.mrc.ac.uk/ |website=har.mrc.ac.uk}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2020 ne aka kaddamar da bincike ta hanyar Bincike da Innovation na Burtaniya (UKRI), wanda ya tabbatar da cewa Watt ya yi aiki a hanyar zalunci.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-12-15 |title=MRC chief apologises to staff after bullying probe |url=https://www.researchprofessionalnews.com/rr-news-uk-research-councils-2021-12-mrc-chief-apologises-to-staff-after-bullying-probe/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Research Professional News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta ba da takardar neman gafara ga mutane da yawa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-16 |title=Bullying probe sees MRC chief blocked from Wellcome grants |url=https://www.researchprofessionalnews.com/rr-news-uk-research-councils-2021-12-bullying-probe-sees-mrc-chief-blocked-from-wellcome-grants/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Research Professional News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Watt ta ci gaba da aiki har sai lokacinta a matsayin Shugaban Zartarwa na MRC ya ƙare a farkon 2022, sannan ta ɗauki sabon matsayinta a matsayin darakta na Kungiyar Molecular Biology ta Turai.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fn3jtn8mt79e2gpsjnrdmc1yr5bn4qm 0 144958 826899 808245 2026-04-27T07:01:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gbemisola Abudu''' Listenⓘ babban jami'in kasuwanci ne na Najeriya da Amurka, mai ba da shawara kan dabarun, kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda aikinsa ke mai da hankali kan dabarun ci gaban duniya, fadada kasuwa, da haɗin gwiwar kan iyaka a duk faɗin kasuwannin da ke tasowa da ci gaba. Ta rike manyan mukamai na jagoranci a fadin Amurka, Afirka, da Gabas ta Tsakiya, ta hada da wasanni, alatu, jirgin sama, da bangarorin masu amfani. Abudu ita ce ta kafa Gidauniyar BMGA, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan daidaito tsakanin jinsi da shirye-shiryen aiki na gaba ta hanyar Shirin BMGA Fellows, wanda ke ba da mata a duk faɗin Afirka da Asiya tare da ƙwarewar ƙarni na 21, fallasa duniya, da kuma samun damar hanyoyin sadarwar jagoranci. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Manajan Abokin Hulɗa a Anap Jets, inda ta taimaka wajen sanya kamfanin a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin jiragen sama masu zaman kansu na Afirka ta Yamma. A NBA Afirka, Abudu yana da babban alhakin jagoranci don ci gaban kasuwa, haɗin gwiwa, da dabarun yanki, yana ba da gudummawa ga shirye-shirye ciki har da nasarar tsarawa da aiwatar da wasan kwaikwayo na rabin lokaci na NBA All-Star Afrobeats na 2023 <ref name="Milken Institute">{{Cite web |title=Gbemisola Abudu Vice President, NBA Africa; Country Head, NBA Nigeria, NBA |url=https://milkeninstitute.org/events/a0c1u00000cezpauaz/speakers/gbemisola-abudu |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=Milken Institute |publisher=The Milken Institute}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi Burna Boy, [[Tems]] da [[Rema (musician)|Rema.]] Ta ƙaddamar da NBA Africa Triple Double Accelerator, wanda aka mayar da hankali kan ba da 'yan kasuwa masu kirkirar Afirka damar samun babban birnin da ganuwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=NBA Africa Triple-Double Startup Accelerator Program |url=https://vc4a.com/alx/nba-africa-triple-double-startup-accelerator-program/ |access-date=1 August 2024 |website=VC4Africa |publisher=vc4Africa}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Abudu a San Bernardino, California . Mahaifinta injiniyan sinadarai ne kuma mahaifiyarta likitan magani ce. Tushen iyalinta yana [[Abeokuta]], Najeriya . Ita ce ta uku cikin yara bakwai a cikin iyali. Ko da yake ta yi shekaru a Legas, Najeriya, ta koma Murrieta, California tana da shekaru 14. <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web |title=Basketball can overtake football in Nigeria, says NBA Africa vice president |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/62738202 |access-date=31 October 2023 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Ilimi == Abudu ta sami MBA daga Makarantar Gudanar da Duniya ta Thunderbird a Glendale, Arizona . Har ila yau, tana da digiri na farko a cikin tallace-tallace da alaƙar jama'a daga Jami'ar Wyoming . <ref name="Sportico">{{Cite web |title=Speaker Details Gbemisola Abudu |url=https://www.sporticolive.com/WX3/speaker/473412/gbemisola-abudu |access-date=31 October 2023 |publisher=Sportico}}</ref> A cikin 2025, ta kammala shirin koyar da Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Media, da Wasanni a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard. == Rayuwar sana'a == Abudu yana da ƙwarewar ƙwararru daban-daban, bayan ya yi aiki ga ƙungiyoyi ciki har da Anap Jets, <ref name="Milken Institute"/> Polo Luxury, Louis Vuitton, White &amp;amp; Case LLP, [[The Walt Disney Company|Kamfanin Walt Disney]], da Kamfanin Clorox. <ref name="AAE">{{Cite web |title=Gbemisola Abudu |url=https://www.allamericanspeakers.com/speakers/454335/Gbemisola-Abudu |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=All American Speakers |publisher=AAE}}</ref> A lokacin da take NBA, ta jagoranci wasan kwando da ci gaban kasuwanci don fadada kasancewar kwando da NBA a Najeriya.<ref name="Sportscal">{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Euan |title=NBA Africa brings in Abudu to lead new Nigerian office |url=https://www.sportcal.com/news/nba-africa-brings-in-abudu-to-lead-new-nigerian-office/ |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=Sportcal |publisher=Verdict Media}}</ref> Ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta kuma ita ce kawai baƙar fata da ta gudanar da ofishin league.<ref name="ISPO">{{Cite web |last=Scharpf |first=Sarina |title=Gamechangers who will push the boundaries |url=https://www.ispo.com/en/news-people/these-30-female-gamechangers-are-shaping-sport |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=ISPO Today |publisher=ISPO |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027120956/https://www.ispo.com/en/news-people/these-30-female-gamechangers-are-shaping-sport |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2022, Sports Illustrated ta sanya mata suna a matsayin daya daga cikin "100 Mafi rinjaye Black Women in Sports in the World". An kuma sanya mata suna a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan mata 30 na ISPO da ke tsara makomar wasanni. A cikin 2024, an nada Abudu a matsayin Babban Fellow a Cibiyar Afirka ta Majalisar Atlantic, wani tanki mai tunani na Washington DC wanda ke mai da hankali kan manufofin duniya da harkokin kasa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ehopkins |date=2024-10-31 |title=Atlantic Council's Africa Center announces eight new fellows |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/news/press-releases/atlantic-councils-africa-center-announces-eight-new-fellows/ |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin wannan rawar, tana ba da gudummawa ga tattaunawar dabarun kan matsayin Afirka na duniya, tasirin al'adu, da ci gaban tattalin arziki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gbemisola Abudu |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/expert/gbemisola-abudu/ |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2025, an lissafa Abudu a matsayin daya daga cikin Top 10 Black Women Leading in Sports ta [https://www.blackenterprise.com/ BlackEnterprise] Magazine . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Washington |first=Ahsan |date=2025-04-29 |title=10 Black Women Leading In The Sports Industry |url=https://www.blackenterprise.com/black-women-leaders-in-sports/ |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=Black Enterprise |language=en-US}}</ref> == Yunkurin zamantakewa da taimakon jama'a == Abudu mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ne kuma mai ba da agaji. Ta kafa Gidauniyar BMGA, inda take aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin da ba na zartarwa ba. Wannan kungiya mai zaman kanta ta himmatu ga inganta daidaiton jinsi a cikin yanayin kasuwancin Afirka ta hanyar karfafa mata don makomar aiki.[1] Ayyukanta a cikin taimakon jama'a ya haifar da karramawarta a matsayin daya daga cikin Mutanen da suka fi tasiri na Afirka (MIPAD) Global top 100 a karkashin 40, [2] musamman a cikin rukunin gwagwarmaya da kokarin jin kai.[3] Ayyukan agaji na Abudu sun haɗa da Shirin BMGA Fellows, wani shiri na tasirin zamantakewa wanda aka tsara don rufe gibin ƙwarewar jinsi.[4] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] sqxii44j7jv5tdb2miws8jpea71v0k4 0 144986 826782 808384 2026-04-26T20:14:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Joy Nwanyelimaka Nsolo (1932-1988) ƴar Najeriya ce mai tsara gine-gine. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta cancanci zama [[Masanin gine-gine da zane|masaniyar gine-gine]] <ref name="archnet">{{Cite web |title=Archnet > Authority > Joy Nwanyelimaka Nsolo |url=https://www.archnet.org/authorities/10426 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717161404/https://www.archnet.org/authorities/10426 |archive-date=2025-07-17 |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=www.archnet.org |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> a Najeriya da kuma yankin Yammacin Afirka. == Tarihin rayuwa == Nsolo ta sami takardar shaidarta a 1962 bayan ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Fasaha, Kimiyya, da Fasaha ta Najeriya da Jami'ar Birmingham . [1] Ta kasance Mataimakiyar Cibiyar Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA). Ta ci gaba da zama Babban Masanin Gine-gine a cikin aikin gwamnati na Mid-Western Nigeria kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta memba na Jamhuriyar Tarayya (MFR) a 1981. Ayyukanta masu ban sha'awa sun haɗa da Ginin Sakatariyar a Birnin Benin da Babban Kotun Jiha a Benin, wanda ke aiki a matsayin samfurin ga Kotun Koli ta Jiha a duk faɗin Najeriya.[2] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mata masu gine-gine == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932]] kmbyapd6v8jehmyyrjo9cd9m05jvav5 0 144987 826687 808385 2026-04-26T16:21:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Esé Azénabor-Grembowski''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984) ƴar Najeriya ce mai tsara kayan ado kuma darektan kirkira, wacce aka sani da lakabin ta Esé Azenabor, wacce ta haɗu da al'adun Afirka tare da abubuwan Turai na zamani a cikin ƙirar kayan ado. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Azénabor-Grembowski a Najeriya kuma ta koma Ontario, Kanada, a cikin 1999, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-10-20 |title=Nigerian-born, Dallas-transplant Esé Azénabor Designs Wedding Dresses Fit For a Queen |url=https://www.dweddings.com/story/nigerian-born-dallas-transplant-ese-azenabor-designs-wedding-dresses-fit-for-a-queen/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=D Weddings |language=en}}</ref> inda ta ci gaba da karatu a lissafi a Jami'ar Windsor .<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=New Esé Azénabor Wedding Dresses |url=https://www.brides.com/ese-azenabor-wedding-dresses-7484586 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Brides |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya ta koma Dallas, Texas, don neman digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Methodist ta Kudu. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-18 |title=Brides come from faraway places to get fairy tale gowns from Esé Azénabor |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/business/2022/03/18/brides-come-from-faraway-places-to-get-fairytale-gowns-from-ese-azenabor/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Dallas News |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin da take Texas ne ta sauya mayar da hankali daga ilimi zuwa zane-zane. == Ayyuka == Azénabor ta kafa lakabin tufafinta, Esé Azénabor, a cikin 2012, ta ƙware a cikin tufafin amarya da na maraice.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Rothman |first=Darius |date=2023-04-13 |title=Esé Azénabor's "Essence" Collection Mesmerizes at NY Bridal Fashion Week |url=https://strawberrywedding.com/magazine/ese-azenabors-essence-collection-mesmerizes-at-ny-bridal-fashion-week |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Strawberry Wedding Photography |language=en-US}}</ref> Amfani da takalma na hannu, zane-zane masu kyau, da zane-zane mai rikitarwa da sauri ya jawo hankali, ya kafa ta a matsayin murya ta musamman a cikin salon. An san ta da hada tasirin Afirka da Turai, ƙirar ta tana da cikakkun ƙwarewar da ta taimaka mata ta fito fili a masana'antar kayan ado. Kayan aikinta, wanda ya hada da beadwork, lace na Faransanci, tulle, da kayan ado na lu'u-lu'u, sun ja hankalin masu cin gashin kansu masu sha'awar riguna na amarya na musamman da sutura na al'ada. Azénabor ta fara aikinta a baje kolin tufafi na Dallas, inda ta sami goyon baya daga mai tasiri na gida Rhonda Sargent Chambers, <ref name=":2"/> kuma zane-zanenta sun fito a fim din 2022 Uba na Bride, tare da ayyukan masu zanen [[Vera Wang]] da Zuhair Murad . === Girman Alamar === Zane-zane na Azénabor sun bayyana a New York Fashion Week (NYFW) da Bridal Fashion Week, <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Longman |first=Hannah |date=2024-09-09 |title=Esé Azénabor Spring 2025 RTW Collection |url=https://fashionweekonline.com/ese-azenabor-spring-2025-rtw-collection |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Fashion Week Online® |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Sayej |first=Nadja |title=Highlights From New York Fashion Week Spring/Summer 2025 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nadjasayej/2024/09/13/highlights-from-new-york-fashion-week-springsummer-2025/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> suna nuna tarin kamar Spring / Summer 2025 . <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Glam |first=Global |date=2024-09-08 |title=Esé Azénabor: A Dazzling Showcase of Elegance and Empowerment |url=https://www.globalglam.com/ese-azenabor-a-dazzling-showcase-of-elegance-and-empowerment/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Global Glam International Luxury Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2020-12-06 |title=Ese Azenabor Drops New Bridal Collection 'Grand Cathedral' |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/ese-azenabor-bridal-collection-grand-cathedral/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Essence |language=en-US}}</ref> An san ta da ƙwarewar ƙwarewarta da haɗuwa da tasirin zamani da na zamani, tarin ta ya jawo hankali ga zaɓin ƙirar su. Tsarin amarya, musamman, ya ja hankalin abokan ciniki na duniya, tare da abokan ciniki da ke tafiya a duniya don riguna na al'ada. An nuna aikinta a cikin wallafe-wallafe daban-daban, ciki har da ''Vogue'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stories |first=Local |date=2018-01-10 |title=Meet Ese Azenabor of Ese Azenabor in The Design District |url=https://voyagedallas.com/interview/meet-ese-azenabor-ese-azenabor-design-district/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=voyagedallas.com |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The New York Times, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Esé Azénabor-Grembowski - bridal designer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/13/style/ese-azenabor-grembowski-bridal-designer.html |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Brides, <ref name=":1"/> ''WWD,'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=W. W. D. Staff |date=2023-10-13 |title=Esé Azénabor Bridal Fall 2024 |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/shows-reviews/gallery/ese-azenabor-bridal-fall-1235875938/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref> Essence, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-04 |title=Esé Azénabor Presents Fall/Winter 2020 At Fashion House |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/fashion-house/ese-azenabor-fall-winter-2020/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Essence |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":6"/> ''Forbes'', da ''Harper's Bazaar.'' [5] [6]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ese Azenabor-Grembowski |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/ese-azenabor-grembowski/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Mutane da yawa shahararrun mutane, ciki har da Taraji P. Henson, [[Tyra Banks]], Little Big Town, Kelsea Ballerini, Vivica A. Fox, da Thalía, sun sa kayayyakinta.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=CFDA - designer spotlight: Esé Azénabor-Grembowski |url=https://cfda.com/news/designer-spotlight-ese-azenabor-grembowski |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=cfda.com}}</ref> === Abubuwan da aka fi sani da su === * A cikin tarin furanni * A cikin tarin furanni * Essence Bridal Collection: Wannan tarin ya fara ne a New York Bridal Fashion Week . * Tarin da aka Yi * Tarin Mafarki * Grand Cathedral Bridal Collection: An sake shi a lokacin annobar COVID-19, wannan tarin ya zama ɗayan shahararrun ayyukan Azénabor. * Spring / Summer 2025 Collection: An nuna shi a lokacin New York Fashion Week, wannan tarin ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar haɗuwa da abubuwa na zamani da na zamani, yana gabatar da riguna tare da rikitarwa da hannu da zane-zane. === Falsafa da Fasahar Zane === Zane-zane na Esé Azénabor suna da siffofi masu ban mamaki, takalma na hannu tare da lu'ulu'u, lu'u-lu'u, da duwatsu, da kuma zane-zane a kan yadudduka kamar lace da tulle na Faransa.[1][2][3] Kayan aikinta sun samo asali ne daga salon zamani, Afirka, da na zamani na Turai, suna jaddada kirkirar riguna da aka tsara don son mutum.[3] An san shi da kayan ado masu tsada, kayan ado na fasaha, kayan Azénabor galibi sun haɗa da kayan ado na hannu, lu'u-lu'u da lu'u, da tsari mai rikitarwa. Zane wahayi daga al'adun Afirka da ƙirar Turai, rigunanta sun bambanta da cikakkun bayanai da siffofi masu ƙarfin zuciya.<ref name=":3"/><ref name=":2"/><ref name=":8"/> Kowace tufafi an yi ta da cikakken bayani, yana sa aikinta ya fito fili a duniyar kayan ado. Sau da yawa tana aiki tare da kayan aiki masu kyau kamar lace na Faransanci, kuma an tsara yawancin sassanta don yin sanarwa mai ƙarfi, ko a kan jan kafet ko a bikin aure. === Gidajen baje kolin === Gidan baje kolin Esé Azénabor yana cikin Dallas, Texas, inda ta ƙaddamar da alamar ta. A cikin 2023, ta fadada tare da dakin baje kolin amarya a Madison Avenue a Birnin New York <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-20 |title=Esé Azénabor – Madison Avenue Bridal Boutique Grand Opening - World Bride Magazine |url=https://worldbridemagazine.com/35702/ese-azenabor-madison-avenue-bridal-boutique-grand-opening/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=worldbridemagazine.com |language=en}}</ref> da kuma kantin sayar da kayan ado a ƙauyen Southampton. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-24 |title=Her-story Has Been Made, First Nigerian-Owned Women's Atelier Opens On Madison Avenue |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/her-story-has-been-made-first-nigerian-owned-womens-atelier-opens-on-madison-avenue/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Essence |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Post |first=James Lane |date=2023-08-05 |title=Esé Azénabor Opens New Boutique In Southampton • James Lane Post • Hamptons Culture & Lifestyle Magazine |url=https://jameslanepost.com/ese-azenabor-opens-new-boutique-in-southampton/08/05/2023/Hamptons-News-Happenings |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=James Lane Post |language=en-US}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, ta nuna sabbin tarin ta a wani taron sirri a Dallas, yana nuna dawowar wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=editorial |date=2022-05-04 |title=Ese Azenabor Wows Dallas Again with New Collections |url=https://dallasweekly.com/2022/05/ese-azenabor-wows-dallas-again-with-new-collections/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Dallas Weekly |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar sirri == Esé Azénabor-Grembowski ta auri Eric Grembowski kuma tana da 'yar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanford |first=Deve |date=2018-02-16 |title=Celebrity designer Esé Azénabor and Eric Grembowski Glamorous Wedding |url=https://www.upscalelivingmag.com/profiles/celebrity-designer-ese-azenabor-eric-grembowski-glamorous-wedding/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Upscale Living Mag |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Frazier |first=Leah |title=Celebrity Designer Esé Azénabor Leaps Into a Blossoming Bridal Business in Dallas |url=https://www.dallasobserver.com/arts/dallas-celebrity-designer-ese-azenabor-is-now-focused-on-bridal-business-11751597 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Dallas Observer |language=en}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tsarin Fasaha * Kayan kwalliya * New York Fashion Week * Jerin masu zanen tufafi == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 905icezsv3hhwvis24n0poc630x1w7a 0 145038 826703 808544 2026-04-26T17:05:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eunice Silva''' (an haife ta a watan Afrilu 1956) injiniya ce ta ƙasar [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]], marubuciya kuma 'yar siyasa daga Santiago. == Aiki == An haifi Eunice Andrade da Silva Spencer Lopes a Santiago, Cape Verde a watan Afrilun 1956 kuma ita ce ta biyu a cikin 'yan'uwa tara. Ta halarci [[Rostov State Building University|Cibiyar Fasaha da Masana'antu]] da ke Rostov, [[Rasha]] kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin injiniyanci na gine-gine a shekarar 1980. Ta dawo Cape Verde a shekarar 1981, Silva ta shiga kamfanin gine-gine mallakar gwamnati kuma ta zama memba na [[Organization of Cape Verdean Women]] (OCVW), wata ƙungiyar fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata. Ta yi karatun tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Havana, Cuba a shekarar 1995, kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Jihar Central Connecticut a shekarar 2001. <ref name="hab">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Eunice Andrade da Silva Spencer Lopes - Speakers |url=http://habitat3.org/the-conference/programme/speakers/dr-eunice-andrade-da-silva-spencer-lopes/ |access-date=13 November 2017 |website=Habitat III |publisher=United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development}}</ref> Bayan dawowar Silva Cape Verde, ta shiga [[Minister for Infrastructure, Planning and Housing|Ma'aikatar Kayayyakin more rayuwa, Tsare-tsare da Gidaje]], bayan ta yi murabus daga mambanta a OCVW. Ta kasance darakta a ofishin karatu da tsare-tsare na ma'aikatar kuma ta yi aiki a hukumar ba da izinin ayyukan gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu. Daga baya Silva ta shiga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ta kuma zama sakatare-janar na ƙungiyar 'yan kwangila ta ƙasar.<ref name=hab/><ref>{{cite news|title='7 Wonders Of Cape Verde' Named|url=http://afkinsider.com/35600/sites-see-7-wonders-cape-verde-named/|accessdate=13 November 2017|work=AFK Insider|date=28 December 2013}}</ref> An zaɓi Silva a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa a shekarar 2011. <ref name="hab"/> Tun daga lokacin ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar Hukumar Musamman ta Tattalin Arziki, Muhalli da Tsare-tsare na Sararin Samaniya. Kuma shugabar Cibiyar Majalisar Dokokin Cape Verde da Muhalli, Yaƙi da Hamada da Talauci. <ref name="hab" /> Silva ta shirya zaɓe a duk faɗin ƙasar a shekarar 2013 don tantance manyan abubuwan al'ajabi guda bakwai na Cape Verde sannan daga baya ta samar da ''kundin abubuwan al'ajabi na Cape Verde''. <ref name="hab" /> Ta jagoranci martanin fashewar Fogo ta 2014-15, gami da samar da gidaje, kuɗi da aikin yi ga waɗanda abin ya shafa. <ref name="hab" /> Silva ta kuma jagoranci binciken majalisar game da asarar jirgin ruwan ''Vicente'' a ranar 8 ga watan Janairu 2015 wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane 15. <ref name="hab" /> A ranar 22 ga watan Yunin 2016 aka naɗa Silva a matsayin Ministar Kayayyakin more rayuwa, Tsare-tsare da Gidaje a cikin majalisar ministocin Movement for Democracy ta Ulisses Correia e Silva. Silva kuma mataimakiyar shugaban ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa ce da kuma wakilan da aka zaɓa na gida don kare muhalli a ƙasashen da ke gabar tekun Afirka ta Yamma (APPEL), ƙungiyar zaɓaɓɓun jami'ai na membobin [[Subregional Fisheries Commission|Hukumar Kamun Kifi ta Yankin]] (Cape Verde, [[Gambiya|Gambia]], Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Senegal]], Sierra Leone). <ref name="hab"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Subregional Fisheries Commission |url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/rfb/srfc/en |access-date=13 November 2017 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2010 |title=Competion [sic] to produce a logo |url=https://www.iucn.org/content/competion-produce-logo |access-date=13 November 2017 |publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Silva ta yi rubutu a jaridun Cape Verde kan harkokin tsara birane da zamantakewa. Tana da aure, tana da 'ya'ya biyu da jikoki uku. <ref name="hab"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} phc9mpfi1ep13r4kgpuod9ykyb2bjw6 0 145075 826857 808669 2026-04-27T03:44:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Funmilayo Waheed-Adekojo''' (an haife ta a ranar 27 ga Mayu 1983) ƙwararriyar 'yar kasuwa ce a Najeriya, mai taimakon jama'a, 'yar siyasa, mai ilimi kuma ƙwararriya a masana'antu. Ita ce wadda ta kafa kuma Babbar Jami'ar Funmi Ayinke Nigeria Limited da kuma Funmi Ayinke Music Record Label (FRL) <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2022 |title=Funmi Ayinke and Nigeria's history |url=https://guardian.ng/features/funmi-ayinke-and-nigerias-history/ |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=guardian.ng}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Funmi Waheed-Adekojo a ranar 27 ga Mayu 1983. Ta halarci [[Jami'ar Takanolaji na Ladoke Akintola|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Ladoke Akintola]], inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Injiniyan Injiniya . Sannan tana da digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci (MBA). == Sana'a == Waheed-Adekojo ta fara aikinta da [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|Hukumar Kula da Matasa ta Ƙasa]] a Ma'aikatar Aiki da Gidaje, Gumel, [[Jihar Jigawa]] . Bayan watanni tara, ta koma Sashen Ayyuka da Ayyuka na Jami'ar Aikin Gona ta Tarayya, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), [[Jihar Ogun]] . Ta shiga Sashen Injiniyan Injiniya na Sashen Ayyuka da Ayyuka na FUNAAB a watan Fabrairun 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2021 |title=Funmilayo Waheed-Adekojo 'Whatever a man can do today, the enablement came from a woman's womb' |url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/funmilayo-waheed-adekojowhatever-a-man-can-do-today-the-enablement-came-from-a-womans-womb/ |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=guardian.ng}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, bayan ta bar FUNAAB, Funmi ta kafa kamfaninta, Funmi Ayinke Nigeria Limited . Ta kuma ƙaddamar da kamfanin rikodin nata, Funmi Ayinke Music Record Label (FRL) a watan Oktoban 2021, inda ta sanya hannu kan mawaka uku daga Legas. [1] Waƙarta ta farko ita ce a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta coci. Fim ɗinta na farko, "It's Our Time", ya samo asali ne daga zanga-zangar " End SARS " a Najeriya. [2] [3] == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == * Funmi Ayinke ta lashe kyaututtuka biyu na Waƙoƙin Gabashin Afirka ta Yamma a shekarar 2021 a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Waƙar da ta fi burgewa a Shekara da kuma Mafi Kyawun Marubucin Waƙa na Shekara a 2020/2021, <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2021 |title=Funmi Ayinke Bags Gospel Music Awards |url=https://factualtimesng.com/funmi-ayinke-bags-gospel-music-awards/ |access-date=19 March 2021 |website=factualtimesng.com}}</ref> kuma ta lashe kyaututtukan Mujallar City People don Mafi Kyawun Waƙar da ta fi ƙarfafawa a Shekara da kuma Mai Rubuta Waƙa na Shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2021 |title=FUNMI AYINKE WAHEED ADEKOJO ON HER FORAY INTO MUSIC |url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/funmi-ayinke-waheed-adekojo-on-her-foray-into-music/ |access-date=21 April 2021 |website=citypeopleonline.com}}</ref> * An ba ta kyautar "Gwarzon Jin Kai na Shekarar 2020" daga City People. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2020 |title=CITY PEOPLE HONOURS ENGR. FUNMI AYINKE ADEKOJO |url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/city-people-honours-engr-funmi-ayinke-adekojo/ |access-date=20 July 2020 |website=citypeopleonline.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2021 |title=FUNMIAYINKE WAHEED ADEKOJO BAGS NELSON MANDELA AWARD FOR LEADERSHIP AND INTEGRITY |url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/funmiayinke-waheed-adekojo-bags-nelson-mandela-award-for-leadership-and-integrity/ |access-date=30 April 2021 |website=citypeopleonline.com}}</ref> * Ayinke ya zama jakadan kamfanin [https://nordmotion.com/about/ Nord Automobiles] a shekarar 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2022 |title=Nord names brand ambassador, gifts car |url=https://businessday.ng/transport/article/nord-names-brand-ambassador-gifts-car/ |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=businessday.ng}}</ref> * An naɗa Funmi Ayinke jakadiyar Peace Corps. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2022 |title=Engr. Funmi Ayinke bags Peace Corps ambassadorial appointment |url=https://ayokinews.com/funmilayo-ayinke-bags-peace-corps-ambassadorial-appointment/ |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=ayokinews.com |archive-date=16 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716144148/https://ayokinews.com/funmilayo-ayinke-bags-peace-corps-ambassadorial-appointment/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Sake fasalin rayuwa ta hanyar makanikai da kiɗa <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2022 |title=Re-engineering Life via mechanics and music: The FunmiAyinke model |url=https://dailytimesng.com/re-engineering-life-via-mechanics-and-music-the-funmiayinke-model/ |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=dailytimesng.com}}</ref> * Funmi Ayinke zai saki EP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2022 |title=Funmi Ayinke set to release EP |url=https://punchng.com/funmi-ayinke-set-to-release-ep/ |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=punchng.com}}</ref> * Kyauta Don Jagoranci Mai Kyau a Duniya da Kasuwancin Kamfanoni, London, 2023 * Injiniya Dr. Funmi Ayinke Ta Lashe Kyautar 'Shugaban Kamfanin Shekara Mai Zama Na Shekara' A Landan * Injiniya Dr. Funmilayo Waheed-Adekojo Ta Haska a Gasar Golden Star ta 2023 * Engr. Dr. Funmilayo Waheed-Adekojo ta zama Matron na APPON <ref>{{Cite web |title=Engr. Dr. Funmi Ayinke Shines At APPON Annual Conference, Becomes Life Matron |url=https://saharaweeklyng.com/engr-dr-funmi-ayinke-shines-at-appon-annual-conference-becomes-life-matron/ |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=saharaweeklyng.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Funmi Ayinke tana da aure da 'ya'ya huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=A Billionaire at 38: Meet Africa's Best Rated Engineer, Funmi Ayinke Waheed Adekojo |url=https://www.theelitesng.com/a-billionaire-at-38-meet-africas-best-rated-engineer-funmi-ayinke-waheed-adekojo/ |access-date=15 September 2021 |website=theelitesng.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] e3okdzdshbvyvaelp6o2oz3w4bpurpe 0 145180 826897 808895 2026-04-27T07:01:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gbemi Olateru Olagbegi''' tsohuwar mai watsa shirye-shirye ce [[Ɗan Nijeriya|a Najeriya]] a The Beat 99.9 FM <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gbemi Olateru-Olagbegi - Social Media Week Lagos 2020 |url=https://socialmediaweeklagos2020.sched.com/speaker/golagbegi |website=www.smwlagos.com |publisher=Social Media Week Lagos}}</ref> (ta yi murabus a watan Disamba 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gbemi Olateru-Olagbegi Goes Down Memory Lane as She Announces Her Last Day on Radio |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/01/gbemi-olateru-olagbegi-leave-radio/ |website=www.bellanaija.com |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> ), 'yar kasuwa kuma mai gabatar da shirin " Off-Air with Gbemi &amp;amp; Toolz ". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Another Exciting Episode Of The "Offair Show" With Gbemi & Toolz is Here. Watch |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/off-air-show-gbemi-toolz-2/ |website=www.bellanaija.com |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> Gbemi jikanyar marigayi Olowo na Owo Sir [[Olateru Olagbegi II|Olateru-Olagbegi II]] KBE ce. A shekarar 2008, Gbemi ta lashe kyautar gwarzon shekara a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Future Africa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Future Awards 2008 |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2008/01/the-future-awards-2008/ |website=www.bellanaija.com |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, Gbemi ta kafa takalman Gbemisoke. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gbemi Olateru Olagbegi Launches Gbemisoke Shoe Line |url=https://www.thecable.ng/gbemi-olateru-olagbegi-launches-gbemisoke-shoe-line |website=www.thecable.ng |publisher=The Cable}}</ref> Layin takalma da aka ƙirƙira wa mata masu wahala wajen siyan takalmin da ya dace. A bugu na biyar na Arise Fashion Week, Lagos a shekarar 2018, Gbemi ta yi tafiya a kan titin FIA Factory. A shekarar 2019, Gbemi ta zama ɗaya daga cikin fuskokin Megalectrics Ltd don Rémy Martin . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Remy Martin Partners Chris Ubosi On New Campaign |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/remy-martin-partners-chris-ubosi-on-new-campaign/ |website=thenationonlineng.net |publisher=The Nation}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gbemi a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1984, ga Banke da Yemi Olateru-Olagbegi a [[Asibin St. Nicholas, Legas|Asibitin St. Nicholas]], Legas. Ta halarci Makarantar Pampers Private School, [[Surulere (Lagos)|Surulere]], [[Makarantar Sakandare ta Sojan Ruwa ta Najeriya, Abeokuta|Makarantar Sakandare ta Sojojin Ruwa ta Najeriya]], [[Ojo]] tsakanin 1993 da 1997 sannan ta ci gaba da karatunta na sakandare a [[Queen's College, Lagos|Kwalejin Queens]], [[Yaba, Lagos|Yaba]] inda ta kammala karatunta a 2000. Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin sadarwa a Jami'ar Oakland, Rochester da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin sadarwa da sadarwa daga [[Jami'ar Pan Atlantic|Jami'ar Pan-Atlantic]], [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . == Sana'a == === Aikin watsa labarai === Bayan makaranta, Gbemi ta yi aiki a matsayin memba ta ƙungiyar matasa a Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya, NTA 2 channel 5, Victoria Island kafin ta koma Cool FM Nigeria a 2005 inda ta dauki nauyin shirin Good Morning Nigeria tare da marigayi Dan Foster na tsawon shekara guda. A 2006, Gbemi ta dauki nauyin Midday Oasis har zuwa 2009 lokacin da ta bar Cool Fm zuwa The Beat 99.9 FM . Gbemi ta kasance mataimakiyar daraktan shirye-shirye a Beat FM daga 2011 zuwa 2016 kuma Daraktan Shirye-shirye a kamfanin 'yar'uwarta, Naija FM 102.7 daga 2011 zuwa 2017. Ta bar rediyo a watan Disamba na 2021. === Aikin ɗan kasuwa === An san ta da zama ƙwararriyar 'yar kasuwa. A shekarar 2015, Gbemi ta kafa kamfanin takalmanta, Gbemisoke Shoes, wani ra'ayi da ta samo asali daga gogewarta ta musamman lokacin siyan takalma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gbemisoke Shoe An Idea Born From Her Own Personal Experience |url=https://briefessentials.com/blog/2016/08/01/gbemisoke-shoes-an-idea-born-from-her-own-personal-experience/ |website=www.briefessentials.com |publisher=The Brief}}</ref> == Jadawalin Aiki == * 2005-2006: Shirin Barka da Safiya na Najeriya, Cool FM Nigeria * 2006-2009: Mai watsa shiri na Midday Oasis, Cool FM Nigeria * 2009–2021: Nunin Lokacin Tuki, The Beat 99.9 FM, Mai Ba da Shawara [[Lagos (birni)|a Legas]] * 2011-2017: Daraktan Shirye-shirye - Naija FM 102.7, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] * 2011-2016: Mataimakin Daraktan Shirye-shirye - The Beat 99.9 FM Lagos * 2021–Yanzu: Babban Mai Shiryawa, TNC * 2023–Yanzu: Mataimakin Mataimakin Talla, WakaNow Group == Hira Masu Muhimmanci == * [[Goodluck Jonathan|Goodluck Ebele Jonathan]] * [[Davido]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Davido talks "A Better Time" Album, #BBNaija & New Music "Fem" on The Beat 99.9Fm #DriveTimeShow |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/09/davido-interview-the-beat-99-9fm/ |website=www.bellanaija.com |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> * [[Wizkid]] <ref>{{Cite web |title='I Can't Be Faithful To One Woman' Pop star admits |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/wizkid-i-cant-be-faithful-to-one-woman-pop-star-admits/5js0dlz |website=www.pulse.ng |publisher=Pulse NG |access-date=2026-03-13 |archive-date=2021-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206180855/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/wizkid-i-cant-be-faithful-to-one-woman-pop-star-admits/5js0dlz |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Cardi B]] * [[Kim Kardashian]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Download and listen to Kim Kardashian's Interview with Beat FM Lagos |url=https://www.36ng.ng/2013/02/19/download-and-listen-to-kim-kardashians-interview-with-beat-fm-lagos/ |website=www.36ng.ng |publisher=36ng}}</ref> * Nan gaba * Jidenna * Abin ban mamaki * Angela Simmons * Tim Westwood == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] 8nck70n29evpxp5hu0aedqet9dj0zpp 0 145289 826698 809231 2026-04-26T17:00:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eunice Uche Julian Atuejide''' // i (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1978) 'yar kasuwa ce ta Najeriya, lauya, kuma 'yar siyasa. An fi saninta da kafa Jam'iyyar National Interest Party (NIP) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eunice Atuejide Registers Political Party National Interest Party (NIP) |url=http://justumagazine.com/eunice-atuejides-registers-political-party-national-interest-party-nip/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316032956/http://justumagazine.com/eunice-atuejides-registers-political-party-national-interest-party-nip/ |archive-date=16 March 2018 |access-date=13 January 2018 |website=Just U Magazine}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=INEC Registers 21 New Political Parties |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2017/12/14/inec-registers-21-new-political-parties/ |access-date=14 December 2017 |website=Channels Television}}</ref> kuma ita ce dan takarar Shugaban kasa na Najeriya na 2019 na Jam'iyyar NIP (NIP).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=20 July 2018 |title=2019 NIP's Presidential Aspirant, Eunice Uche Atuejide Declaration Speech |url=https://www.nationalinterestparty.com/public-announcement/2019-nips-presidential-aspirant-eunice-uche-atuejide-declaration-speech/ |access-date=13 February 2019 |website=NIP}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bakare |first=Tonye |date=July 2018 |title=39-year old woman, Eunice Atuejide plans to unseat Buhari |url=https://guardian.ng/news/39-year-old-woman-plans-to-unseat-buhari/ |access-date=13 February 2019 |website=Guardian}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Atuejide kuma ta girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], [[Najeriya]], kodayake iyalinta sun fito ne daga [[Enugu (jiha)|Jihar Enugu]]. An fi saninta da kafa jam'iyyar siyasa da ke karkashin jagorancin matasa, da ake kira National Interest Party (NIP) a Najeriya. Ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Onike Girls a Legas, ta shafe shekara guda a makarantar sakandare mai alaƙa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-03 |title=The Three Women Presidential Candidates: What are their Chances? (A Must Read) |url=https://news.assure.ng/the-three-women-presidential-candidates-what-are-their-chances-a-must-read/ |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=NewsNow Nigeria |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> kafin ta koma makarantar sakandare ta Reagan Memorial Girls, kuma a Legas. Ta koma [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] don nazarin Tattalin Arziki.<ref name="Anokam 2018">{{Cite web |last=Anokam |first=Sam |date=January 2018 |title=Eunice Atuejide: Set For Paradigm Shift With NIP |url=http://www.samurahh.com/2018/01/eunice-atuejide-set-for-paradigm-shift.html?m=1 |access-date=26 January 2018 |website=Samurahh Blog |archive-date=16 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316084807/http://www.samurahh.com/2018/01/eunice-atuejide-set-for-paradigm-shift.html?m=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Atuejide ta shiga cikin [[Taekwondo]] a duk lokacin da take karatun sakandare da sakandare kuma tana cikin ƙungiyar da ta wakilci Jami'ar Ibadan a wasannin NUGA daga 1996 zuwa 1999. Ta sami belin baki na 1st Dan a 2005 tare da BUDO Taekwondo Club a Siegen Jamus . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Odoekwu |first=Joseph |date=13 January 2018 |title=Female Taekwondo Black-belt Holder Registers Political Party In Nigeria |url=https://sportintelligencemag.com/a-female-taekwondo-black-belt-holder-registers-political-party-nigeria/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316024522/https://sportintelligencemag.com/a-female-taekwondo-black-belt-holder-registers-political-party-nigeria/ |archive-date=16 March 2018 |access-date=13 January 2018 |website=Sport Intelligence Magazine}}</ref> Atuejide ya bar Tattalin Arziki a Jami'ar Ibadan kuma ya dauki difloma a cikin Harshen Faransanci a Institut Internationale d'Etudes Française, a Jami'a Marc Bloch, Strasbourg, Faransa. A can, ta sadu da mijinta na farko Frank Becker kuma ta koma [[Jamus]]. Ta yi difloma a cikin harshen Jamusanci a Sprahenschule Siegerland . Ta dauki Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang (DSH) kuma ta shiga Jami'ar Siegen, inda ta yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci.<ref name="urbanwomanmag.com">{{Cite web |date=2018-10-06 |title=Eunice Atuejide Is The Founder Of The World's First Online Political Party, National Interest Party |url=https://urbanwomanmag.com/eunice-atuejide-founder-of-national-interest-party/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Urban Woman Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |date=2018-10-06 |title=Eunice Atuejide Is The Founder Of The World's First Online Political Party, National Interest Party |url=https://urbanwomanmag.com/eunice-atuejide-founder-of-national-interest-party/ |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=Urban Woman Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-23 |title=Know Your Candidate: Eunice Atuejide – NIP |url=https://theinterview.ng/2018/11/23/know-your-candidate-eunice-atuejide-nip/ |access-date=2020-05-07 |website=TheInterview Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> Atuejide ya ɗauki difloma a cikin yin fina-finai da yin fim a Kwalejin Fim ta New York da Sally Johnson's Studios bi da bi, duka a Birnin New York, Amurka.[1][2] Bayan shekaru bakwai tana yin da inganta fina-finai na Najeriya kuma yayin da take kiwon iyalinta, ta koma makaranta don karatun doka. Ta kammala Digiri na Digiri a Shari'a, Digiri na LLB, Darasi na Shari'a na Shari'aa, da LLM a Kwarewar Shari'a a Jami'ar BPP, London, Ingila.[3] Daga nan sai ta koma Najeriya inda ta kammala shirin horar da kwararru da ake buƙata don yin rajista a matsayin Barrister da Solicitor na Kotun Koli na Najeriya . [4] == Ayyuka == A matsayinta na lauya, Atuejide tana aiki a [[Najeriya]] da Ingila.<ref name="Anokam 2018"/> A matsayinta na 'yar kasuwa, tana da hannu tare da IT Consultancy ciki har da ci gaban gidan yanar gizon da gudanarwa ga SMEs da agaji. Ta kuma samar da kudade ga kasuwanci a Turai da ayyukan ababen more rayuwa a Afirka, Latin Amurka da [[Asiya]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="urbanwomanmag.com"/> An fara sha'awar Atuejide a siyasa yayin da take makarantar shari'a ta Najeriya a Abuja . Ta tara abokan aikinta a makarantar shari'a wadanda suka raba irin wannan manufofin siyasa tare da ita, kuma sun tafi tafiya tare don kafa jam'iyyar siyasa. Wannan ya haifar da kafawa da rajista na Jam'iyyar National Interest Party (NIP) a cikin 2018 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2018 |title=Nigerians're tired of recycled politicians |url=https://www.nigerianbulletin.com/threads/nigerians%E2%80%99re-tired-of-recycled-politicaians-%E2%80%93atuejide-%E2%80%93-newtelegraph.284476/ |access-date=12 January 2018 |website=Nigerian Bulletin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2018 |title=INEC presents certificates to 21 newly registered political parties |url=http://punchng.com/inec-presents-certificates-to-21-newly-registered-political-parties/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Punch}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 4e3dnboy7anpyuyr05j7q8de8r0zdw2 0 145355 826658 809453 2026-04-26T13:59:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Émilienne_Raoul_-_2012_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Émilienne Raoul a shekarar 2012.]] '''Emilienne Raoul''' (''née'' '''Matingou''', an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Janairu 1945 <ref name="Who">"Who's Who", ''Congo Brazzaville: Les hommes de pouvoir'', number 1, Africa Intelligence, 29 October 2002 {{In lang|fr}}.</ref> ) 'yar siyasa ce '[[Jamhuriyar Kwango|yar ƙasar Kongo]] wacce ta yi aiki a gwamnatin Congo-Brazzaville a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Jama'a daga shekarun 2002 zuwa 2016. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Lafiya daga shekarun 2007 zuwa 2009.<ref name=Second>"Assemblée nationale : les élus du second tour et leur appartenance politique", ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 28 June 2002 {{in lang|fr}}. {{Cite web |url=http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=1073&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=0&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=20&select_month=0&select_year=0 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=14 March 2026 |archive-date=26 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226065437/http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=1073&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=0&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=20&select_month=0&select_year=0 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Raoul a [[Brazzaville]] kuma tana da gogewa a fannin ilimi a [[Jami'ar Marien Ngouabi]] da ke Brazzaville. <ref name="Who">"Who's Who", ''Congo Brazzaville: Les hommes de pouvoir'', number 1, Africa Intelligence, 29 October 2002 {{In lang|fr}}.</ref> Ta auri Alfred Raoul, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista a shekarun 1960, kafin rasuwarsa a shekarar 1999. Daga shekarun 1998 zuwa 2002, ta kasance memba na Majalisar Canjin Mulki ta Ƙasa (CNT), majalisar wucin gadi da ta wanzu a lokacin canjin mulki wanda ya biyo bayan yakin basasar 1997. <ref name="Who" /> Rubuce-rubucenta sun haɗa da ''Dabaru daban-daban don Yaƙi da Talauci a Congo'' (''Dabaru daban-daban na lutte contre la pauvrete au Congo''), wanda aka buga a shekarar 2000. <ref name="Consul" /> A zaɓen 'yan majalisa na watan Mayu <nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwNg">–</span></nowiki> Yuni a shekarar 2002, wanda aka gudanar a ƙarshen lokacin riƙon kwarya, an zaɓi Raoul zuwa Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa a matsayin 'yar takara mai zaman kanta a mazaɓar farko ta yankin Seventh Arrondissement na Brazzaville (Mfilou); ta lashe kujerar a zagaye na biyu na zaɓe. Bayan zaɓen, an naɗa ta a gwamnati a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Jama'a, Haɗin Kai, Ayyukan Jinƙai, Waɗanda Yaƙi Ya Shafa, da Iyali a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 2002.<ref>"La composition du nouveau gouvernement congolais", ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 19 August 2002 {{in lang|fr}}. {{Cite web |url=http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=1420&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=0&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=60&select_month=0&select_year=0 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=14 March 2026 |archive-date=28 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528210822/http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=1420&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=0&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=60&select_month=0&select_year=0 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> A ranar 3 ga watan Maris 2007, an sauya mata muƙami a matsayin minista, kuma aka naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Lafiya, Harkokin Jama'a da Iyali. Saboda haka ta gaji [[Alphonse Gando]] a Ma'aikatar Lafiya a ranar 10 ga watan Maris. Baya ga muƙaminta a gwamnati, ta kasance Shugabar Cibiyar Ci Gaban Mata a Siyasa a shekarar 2007.<ref>"La composition du nouveau gouvernement congolais", ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 19 August 2002 {{in lang|fr}}. {{Cite web |url=http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=1420&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=0&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=60&select_month=0&select_year=0 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=14 March 2026 |archive-date=28 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528210822/http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=1420&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=0&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=60&select_month=0&select_year=0 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> An rage yawan aikin Raoul a ranar 15 ga watan Satumba 2009, lokacin da aka naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Jama'a, Ayyukan Jinƙai, da Haɗin Kai.<ref>"Gouvernement - La nouvelle équipe compte trente-sept membres", ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 16 September 2009 {{in lang|fr}}. {{Cite web |url=http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=32774&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=1&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=09&select_year=2009 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=14 March 2026 |archive-date=26 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326015528/http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=32774&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=1&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=09&select_year=2009 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Georges Moyen ya gaje ta a Ma'aikatar Lafiya a ranar 24 ga watan Satumba. <ref>Fortuné Ibara, [http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/medias/dossiertele/PDF828.pdf "Georges Moyen entre en possession des clés du ministère de la Santé et de la population"], ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', number 828, 28 September 2009, page 3 {{In lang|fr}}.</ref> Bayan nasarar da Shugaba Denis Sassou Nguesso ya samu a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na watan Maris 2016, an kori Raoul daga gwamnati a ranar 30 ga watan Afrilu 2016; <ref>Trésor Kibangula, [http://www.jeuneafrique.com/322151/politique/congo-brazzaville-quil-faut-savoir-nouveau-gouvernement/ "Congo-Brazzaville : ce qu’il faut savoir sur le nouveau gouvernement"], ''Jeune Afrique'', 3 May 2016 {{In lang|fr}}.</ref> An naɗa [[Antoinette Dinga Dzondo]] don ya maye gurbinta a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Jama'a. <ref>[http://adiac-congo.com/content/equipe-gouvernementale-de-la-nouvelle-republique-50100 "Équipe gouvernementale de la Nouvelle République"], ADIAC, 1 May 2016 {{In lang|fr}}.</ref> Dinga Dzondo ya gaji Raoul a ma'aikatar a ranar 7 ga watan Mayu. <ref>Parfait Wilfried Douniama, [http://adiac-congo.com/content/gouvernement-emilienne-raoul-quitte-les-affaires-sociales-apres-14-ans-50743 "Gouvernement : Emilienne Raoul quitte les Affaires sociales après 14 ans"], ADIAC, 10 May 2016 {{In lang|fr}}.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] eqyuhlrolt01sncm9015ia8nxb7yw55 0 145366 826820 809477 2026-04-26T21:26:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatima Akilu''' masanin ilimin halayyar yan Najeriya ce, marubuciya, tsohuwar jami'iar gwamnati, mai ba da shawara kan ilimi kuma mai magana da jama'a a fannonin hanawa da kuma yaki da tashin hankali (CVE) da kuma yaki le ta'addanci. Ita wakilin gwamnati ce. A cikin 2023, ta zama babban darakta na Gidauniyar Neem da kuma tsohon darakta na Nazarin Halin Halin da Sadarwar dabarun a ofishin Mai ba da shawara kan tsaro na kasa a Najeriya, inda ta taimaka wajen bunkasa Shirin Farko na Farko na Kasa. Akilu na daga cikin ƙungiyar Global Strategy Network tare da masanin masana'antu Richard Barrett . <ref name="tonyblairfaithfoundation.org">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://tonyblairfaithfoundation.org/sites/default/files/How%20to%20Prevent_Global%20Perspectives%20Vol%202_0.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521132555/http://tonyblairfaithfoundation.org/sites/default/files/How%20to%20Prevent_Global%20Perspectives%20Vol%202_0.pdf |archive-date=2017-05-21 |access-date=2017-01-30}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=WHO WE ARE |url=https://www.theglobalstrategynetwork.org/team/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171031191701/https://www.theglobalstrategynetwork.org/team/ |archive-date=2017-10-31 |access-date=2017-02-01 |website=Theglobalstrategynetwork.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="dcaf">{{Cite web |title=Peace Heroes: How Nigerian Psychologist Fatima Akilu Rehabilitates Extremist Societies |url=https://issat.dcaf.ch/Learn/Resource-Library2/Policy-and-Research-Papers/Peace-Heroes-How-Nigerian-Psychologist-Fatima-Akilu-Rehabilitates-Extremist-Societies |access-date=30 June 2021 |website=DCAF ISSAT }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Akilu tana rubuta littattafan ilimi na yara kuma abokiyar hulɗa ce ta ƙungiyar Women's Alliance for Security Leadership (WASL). Ta kasance mai masaukin baki a tsohon shirin rediyo ''Radio Psych'', wanda ya mayar da hankali kan batutuwan zamantakewa da tunani. <ref name="king">{{Cite web |title=Dr Fatima Akilu |url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/people/fatima-akilu |access-date=29 June 2021 |website=King's College London}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Akilu ga Ali Akilu (marigayi Sakataren [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Yankin Arewa]] ) da Hajia Astajam, kuma ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sacred Heart ta Beechwood da ke Tunbridge Wells . Tana da digirin digirgir (Ph.D.) da digirin MRes a fannin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam daga Jami'ar Karatu da kuma digirin BA a fannin Turanci da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam daga Jami'ar Mount St. Mary's (Los Angeles) . <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Dr. Fatima Akilu {{!}} neem |url=https://www.neemfoundation.org.ng/staff-profiles/Dr-Fatima-Akilu |access-date=2017-02-01 |website=Neemfoundation.org.ng |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.neemfoundation.org.ng/staff-profiles/Dr-Fatima-Akilu "Dr. Fatima Akilu | neem"]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''Neemfoundation.org.ng''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite>{{Dead link|date=April 2024}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from April 2024]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore=""><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged April 2024">permanent dead link</span>]]''&#x5D;</span></sup></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=14 Jan 2011 |title=Nigeria: Akilu, Waziri-Ibrahim, Araceli Join Leadership |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201101140331.html |access-date=26 Dec 2018 |website=AllAfrica}}</ref> == Sana'a == Akilu kwararriyar masaniyar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ce da aka horar da ita a fannin binciken cututtuka ta NHS, wadda ta ƙware a fannin kula da masu laifi da ke fama da matsalolin ci gaba da tabin hankali. Tana da shekaru 20 na gogewa a fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. A matsayinta na ma'aikaciyar matasa a Landan, Akilu ta ba wa matasa marasa gida shawara, kuma yayin da take aiki a wani asibitin masu tabin hankali a Washington, ta ba John Hinckley Jr shawara, mutumin da ya yi yunkurin kashe Ronald Reagan . [1] [2] Akilu malamar jami'a ce kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ƙungiyoyin da aka ware. <ref name="concordconsulting.org">{{Cite web |title=Fatima Akilu – Concord Consulting |url=http://concordconsulting.org/fatima-akilu-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119050311/http://concordconsulting.org/fatima-akilu-2/ |archive-date=2017-01-19 |access-date=2017-02-01}}</ref> Tana aiki a matsayin farfesa mai kula da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a Kwalejin Al'umma ta SUNY Broome tsawon sama da shekaru 12, ta koyar kuma ta rubuta takardu da dama na bincike da suka shafi rashin matsuguni, ƙabila da alaƙarsu da lafiyar kwakwalwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wildsmith |first=E. |last2=Akilu |first2=F. |last3=Sashidharan |first3=S. P. |last4=Cochrane |first4=R. |last5=Commander |first5=M. J. |date=1999-10-01 |title=Mental health care for Asian, black and white patients with non-affective psychoses: pathways to the psychiatric hospital, in-patient and after-care |journal=Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology |language=en |volume=34 |issue=9 |pages=484–491 |doi=10.1007/s001270050224 |issn=1433-9285 |pmid=10541669 |s2cid=25792055}}</ref> A da, Akilu ita ce shugabar sadarwa ta babbar mataimakiya ta musamman ga shugaban muradun ci gaban Millennium, kuma ita ce shugabar kwamitin edita na wata babbar jaridar Najeriya. <ref name="concordconsulting.org"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Dr. Fatima Akilu Executive Director |url=https://neemfoundation.org.ng/dt_team/dr-fatima-akilu/ |access-date=29 June 2021 |website=Neem Foundation}}</ref> Ta kasance tsohuwar darakta a fannin nazarin ɗabi'a da sadarwa ta dabaru a ofishin mai ba da shawara kan tsaro na kasa a Najeriya, inda ta tsara kuma ta yi aiki a kan Shirin Yaƙi da Tsattsauran Ra'ayi na ƙasar tsakanin 2012 da 2015. Shirin CVE wani ɓangare ne na dabarun gwamnati na dogon lokaci don magance [[Boko Haram]], ƙungiyar ta'addanci da ke da alhakin sace dubban mutane da kuma mutuwar sama da mutane 20,000 a faɗin Najeriya. <ref name="tonyblairfaithfoundation.org"/> <ref name="dcaf"/> An bayyana shi a matsayin wani yunƙuri mai zurfi da bincike don fahimtar da magance musabbabin da tasirin tawayen, Shirin CVE na Najeriya wani shiri ne na musamman da ke kai hari ga tsoffin membobin Boko Haram, matasa, da sauran ƙungiyoyi masu rauni ta hanyar shirye-shiryen zamantakewa waɗanda ke ba su madadin kyawawan hanyoyin ta'addanci. Shirin kawar da tsattsauran ra'ayi ya mayar da hankali kan alaƙar da ke tsakanin ci gaba da tsaro a matakin al'umma kuma yana da nufin gyara tsoffin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ta hanyar horar da ma'aikata, ba da shawara kan halayyar ɗan adam, shiga tsakani bisa ga addini da kuma kula da abinci da lafiya. Akilu ta yi aiki tare da matan kwamandojin Boko Haram da aka 'yanta, waɗanda ke haifar da ƙalubale na musamman tunda galibi suna fuskantar matsayi mai daraja da gata a cikin al'ummar masu tayar da kayar baya kuma galibi suna sha'awar komawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwaobani |first=Adaobi Tricia |date=20 Dec 2018 |title=The Women Rescued from Boko Haram Who Are Returning to Their Captors |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/the-women-rescued-from-boko-haram-who-are-returning-to-their-captors |access-date=26 Dec 2018 |website=New Yorker}}</ref> A shekarar 2020, an naɗa Akilu a matsayin Babban Jami'in Bincike na Ziyara a Cibiyar Jagorancin Afirka, Kwalejin King's London . <ref name="king"/> [[Fayil:11_17_2023_RISE_Action_Guide_Launch_Symposium_(53629689474).jpg|thumb|Tattaunawar Cibiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Amurka a cikin Nuwamba 2023. [[Sarhang Hamasaeed]], Akilu magana, Binalakshmi Nepram, Cholpon Orozobekova, [[Margaretha Hanita]]]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Musulman Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] lurz0zaqcx1bbgt03dhplg1oakpb5b5 0 145374 826846 809501 2026-04-27T01:57:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Frances Ogamba''' marubuciya ce ta gajeren labari a Najeriya. A cikin 2019, wani labari na Ogamba "The Valley of Memories", yana bincika hanyar da mace ke jin alaƙar jiki tare da kawunta da ya mutu, [1] ya lashe kyautar Koffi Addo don Creative Nonfiction. [2] Ta ɗan gajeren labarinta "Ghana Boy", wanda ke mai da hankali kan dangantakar da ke tsakanin wani saurayi da ɗan'uwansa shugaban ƙungiyar, an kuma sanya shi cikin jerin sunayen gajeren Labarin Writivism na 2019. [3][4][5] A cikin 2020, labarinta "Matar Mijin" ita ce ta lashe kyautar Kalahari Short Story Prize ta Turanci.[6] Ogamba tana zaune a Port Harcourt, inda take aiki a matsayin mai haɓaka abun ciki. == Ayyuka == * Kira Ita Babu Wanda, Kwarewar Littattafai * [https://afreecanread.com/nonfiction/the-valley-of-memories/ Kwarin Tunawa], Afreecan ya karanta. * An samo asali ne daga YNaija, 2016. * [https://www.greatweatherformedia.com/birds-fall-silent-in-the-mechanical-sea/ Kakan wanda Shugabansa bai dace ba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312031410/https://www.greatweatherformedia.com/birds-fall-silent-in-the-mechanical-sea/ |date=2024-03-12 }}, yanayi mai kyau ga Media. * [https://kalaharireview.com/the-valley-of-memories-8c7c06fd29aa Binciken kwarin tunawa], fasaha da Afirka, 20 ga Mayu 2019. * [https://munyori.org/fiction/ghana-boy-by-frances-ogamba/ Ghana Boy], Munyori Literary Journal, 20 ga Mayu 2019. * Hues of Perfection, Jalada, 14 Disamba 2019. * [http://www.rewritereads.com/issue-1/tree-people/ Mutanen Itace] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207183043/http://www.rewritereads.com/issue-1/tree-people/ |date=2023-02-07 }} An adana su 2023-02-07 a , Rewrite Reads, Fitowa 1, Nuwamba 2020. * "Matar Mijina", 2020. * Love for Ashes, The Dark Magazine, 1 ga Janairu 2021. * Kamar Babban Jiki na Haske An adana shi 2024-03-12 a , Chestnut Review, Fabrairu, 2021. * Dole ne a karanta gajeren labari mai ban mamaki don Fabrairu 2021 TOR. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] * Binciken da aka gano Temz * Water Child The Dark Magazine, 1 ga Mayu 2021. * The Urn The Dark Magazine, 1 Yuni 2021. * Factory Baby Yabaleft Review, 24 ga Yuli 2021. * The Hide's Effect, The Dark Magazine, 1 ga Oktoba 2021. * A karkashin Sentinel's Watch, Lolwe, Nuwamba, 2021. * The Kings Street Barbers An adana su 2023-02-05 a , Dgeku, Janairu 2022. * A kan Brink, Midnight & Indigo, Maris 2022. * [https://www.amazon.com/Cold-Christmas-Darkest-Winters-ebook/dp/B09DTN9STX/ref/ Ga Ibiso], Cinnabar Moth. * [https://www.thedarkmagazine.com/master-of-ceremonies/ Jagoran bukukuwan], The Dark Magazine, 1 ga Mayu 2022. * [https://www.neworleansreview.org/reaching-for-ijenu/ Zuwa ga Ijenu], New Orleans Review, Spring / Summer 2022 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9gk438rg76r7jc0fvi6t64y4k6h5v6u 0 145381 826776 809524 2026-04-26T20:00:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Farandole_lors_de_la_fête_votive_de_Saint-Geniès-de-Comolas.jpg|thumb|Rawar Farandole a cikin Saint-Geniès-de-Comolas]] '''Farandole''' ( ; Provençal {{IPA|oc|faʀanˈdulɔ|}} ) [[rawa]] ce ta al'umma mai buɗewa wacce ta shahara a Provence, Faransa. Tana da kamanceceniya da gavotte, [[jig]], da tarantella . Carmagnole na juyin juya halin Faransa wani abu ne da aka samo asali daga ciki. == Asalin Ma'anar == Ba a bayar da wani ingantaccen tushe na sunan ba. Diez <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Friedrich Christian Diez}}</ref> ya haɗa shi da {{Lang|es|farándula}} na Sifaniyanci, yana nuna ƙungiyar 'yan wasa masu yawo, wanda ya samo asali daga {{Lang|de|fahrende}} na Jamus ("tafiya"). An yi nuni da wani abu da ba a saba gani ba daga {{Transl|el|fálanx}} na Girkanci ( {{Lang|el|φάλαγξ}}, " phalanx ") da kuma {{Transl|el|doúlos}} ( {{Lang|el|δούλος}}, "bawa"), saboda masu rawa a cikin farandole an haɗa su tare a cikin dogon sarka. An kuma ba da shawarar cewa farandole na iya zama canjin Provençal {{Lang|oc|barandello}}, daga {{Lang|oc|brandello}} (wanda aka samo daga {{Lang|oc|branda}}, "motsa"), ƙarƙashin tasirin kalmomin Occitan kamar {{Lang|oc|flandina}} ("cajoler") da {{Lang|oc|flandrina}} ("dawdle"). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dictionary.com {{!}} Meanings & Definitions of English Words |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/farandole |access-date=2025-11-18 |website=Dictionary.com |language=en}}</ref> Duk da haka, wannan hasashe ba shi da gamsarwa sosai domin ya zo ne bisa ga gaskiyar cewa {{Lang|oc|b(a)randello}} an bayyana shi a matsayin farandole na Languedocian . == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Vaso_François,_02.JPG|thumb|Rawar da aka yi a kan gilashin François na Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa da ke Florence, Italiya.]] Ana ɗaukar farandole a matsayin mafi tsufa a cikin raye-rayen, kuma shine mafi kyawun halaye da wakilcin Provence. Sunansa an tabbatar da shi ne tun ƙarni na 18 kawai, duk da haka, an wakilta shi tun zamanin da ta hanyar sassaka duwatsu a lokacin zamanin da akan yumbu ko frescoes. A yau a Provence, ana rawa da waƙoƙin da masu buga ganga ke yi waɗanda ke tare da shi tare da galoubets da tambourine . Shahararsa ta sa ya shiga cikin gadon Kirsimeti ( crèche ) na Provence kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a cikin al'adar Provençal. Rawar wataƙila ta samo asali ne daga Girka, kuma da alama ta fito ne kai tsaye daga "rawar Cranes", wanda aka danganta ta da Theseus, wanda ya kafa ta don murnar tserewarsa daga Labyrinth. An ambaci wannan rawa a ƙarshen waƙar Delos ta Callimachus : har yanzu ana rawa a Girka da tsibiran Aegean, kuma wataƙila an shigar da ita Kudancin Faransa daga [[Marseille|Marseilles]] . Masana almara na farkon ƙarni na 20 (misali Alford 1932) sun fassara yawancin raye-rayen gargajiya a matsayin na da, kuma sun yi hasashen ko da ga farandole wani kakanni da aka gano daga tsohuwar Girka, wanda ya kasance ba a canza shi ba "a tsawon shekaru dubu biyu ko uku na rayuwarsa". Shafukan yanar gizo da yawa na baya-bayan nan, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ralf Brandhorst |title=Worlds of Music |url=http://www.worlds-of-music.de/WOM.php?idex=2277 |website=worlds-of-music.de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Farandole |url=http://medeltiden.kalmarlansmuseum.se/niva3/3-5-4x.phtml?userid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208161810/http://medeltiden.kalmarlansmuseum.se/niva3/3-5-4x.phtml?userid=0 |archive-date=2015-02-08 |access-date=2012-11-03 |publisher=medeltiden.kalmarlansmuseum.se}}</ref> tsoffin kundin bayanai, da wasu littattafan tarihin kiɗa sun yi iƙirarin cewa farandole rawa ce ta zamanin da, amma ba su taɓa bayar da ainihin ambaton zamanin da ya ambaci farandole ba. Duk da cewa akwai bayanin [[Renaissance]] game da rawa ta sarka da da'ira, da kuma zane-zane na zamanin da da na sake fasalin rayuwa wanda ke nuna mutane suna rawa a cikin sarka da da'ira, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Medieval Dancers |url=http://www.larsdatter.com/dancers.htm |website=larsdatter.com}}</ref> babu wata alaƙa tsakanin waɗannan rawa na farko da farandole na gargajiya na baya-bayan nan: Arbeau, sanannen tushen rawa ta renaissance da da'ira kamar branle, bai ƙunshi wani rawa mai matakai da siffofi na musamman na farandole ba. Kalmar {{Lang|fr|farandole}} ko {{Lang|oc|farandola}} Ba a same shi a cikin ƙamus na Tsohon Faransanci ko na Tsohon Occitan ba, kuma farkon bayyanarsa a cikin sigar Faransanci {{Lang|fr|farandoule}} (kamar yadda aka samo daga Occitan) yana cikin shekarar 1776. Farkon bayyanarsa a Turanci ya fi ƙanƙanta, a shekarar 1876. Saboda haka, mai binciken rawa na zamanin da Robert Mullally ya kammala da cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa farandole na zamanin da yana kama da kowace irin rawa ta zamanin da. Fitaccen marubucin almara na Ingila Violet Alford ne ya fara bayyana farandole dalla-dalla a shekarar 1932. Bayanin da ke ƙasa ya fito ne daga gundumar Nice: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Au fifre niçois – Danses traditionnelles (farandoles, brandi) du comté de Nice |url=http://mtcn.free.fr/mtcn-musique-traditionnelle-danse.php#farand |website=Au fifre niçois – MTCN: Musique traditionnelle du comté de Nice}}</ref><blockquote>"A al'adance ana jagorantar mai {{Lang|fr|abbat-mage}} Suna riƙe da igiyar halberd mai kauri, masu rawa suna riƙe hannuwa suna tsalle a kowace bugun; bugun ƙarfi a ƙafa ɗaya, suna juyawa hagu da dama, ɗayan ƙafar a sama, da bugun rauni tare da ƙafafun biyu tare. A ƙauyen Belvédère, a lokacin bikin girmama mai kula da Saint Blaise, ma'auratan da suka yi aure kwanan nan ne suka jagoranci rawar.</blockquote>A fannin kiɗa, rawa tana cikin 6 Sau 6, tare da ƙamshi mai ƙarfi, matsakaicin gudu zuwa sauri, kuma ana buga shi da sarewa da [[Ganga|ganguna]] . Wani bayanin wannan rawa ya fito ne daga ƙamus na Grove, <blockquote>"Farandole ya ƙunshi dogon jerin samari da mata, wani lokacin har zuwa ɗari, suna riƙe da junansu da hannu, ko kuma da ribbons ko mayafi. Shugaban koyaushe balagagge ne, kuma yana gaba da mawaƙa ɗaya ko fiye da ke buga {{Lang|fr|galoubet}}, watau ƙaramin itace {{Lang|fr|flûte-à-bec}}, da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[Tambourine|tambourin]]}} Da hannunsa na hagu shugaba yana riƙe da hannun abokin aikinsa, a hannun damansa yana ɗaga tuta, mayafi, ko kintinkiri, wanda hakan ke zama alama ga mabiyansa. Yayin da Faraudole ke tafiya ta titunan garin, ana ci gaba da ɗaukar 'yan rawa ta hanyar sabbin ƙari. Shugaban (don ambaton mawaƙin Mistral) 'yana sa shi ya zo ya tafi, ya juya baya da gaba ... wani lokacin yana sanya shi zobe, wani lokacin yana murɗa shi a karkace, sannan ya rabu da mabiyansa ya yi rawa a gaba, sannan ya sake haɗuwa, kuma ya sa ya wuce da sauri a ƙarƙashin hannun ma'auratan ƙarshe da aka ɗaga.'"</blockquote>Yawanci ana rawa farandole a duk manyan bukukuwa a garuruwan Provence, kamar bikin Corpus Domini, ko kuma {{Lang|oc|Corsos do la Tarasqua}}, wanda Sarki René ya kafa a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1474, kuma ana gudanar da shi kowace shekara a Tarascon a ranar 29 ga Yuli. A ƙarshen farandole, an riga an yi masa babban hoton wani dodo mai ban mamaki - Tarasque - wanda maza da yawa suka ɗauka kuma waɗanda suka halarta sun halarci bikin tare da masu zane-zane na {{Lang|fr|chevaliers de la Tarasque}} . A wasu lokutan ana amfani da farandole don dalilai marasa laifi kamar rawa kawai: a shekarar 1815, jama'a da suka fusata sun kashe Janar Jean-Pierre Ramel a [[Toulouse]], inda suka yi amfani da rawar ƙasa don kewaye shi da yanka shi. == Nau'ikan == === Farandole na Mutuwa === Bayan [[Black Death|Mutuwar Baƙi]], an bayyana al'adu da yawa na fitar da mutane daga bauta waɗanda ke da nufin shawo kan abokin, ko da ba don a mayar da shi baya ba. A cikin waɗannan al'adu, kiɗa da rawa sun taka rawa a manyan ayyuka. A cikin wannan farandole, kwarangwal da mutane masu rai suna canzawa, suna cikin tsari mai sauƙi: shugaban Kirista, sarki, babban sarki, sarki, ubangida, ɗan sanda, babban bishop, jarumi, bishop, ɗan dawaki, abban coci, ma'aikacin kotu, masanin taurari, ɗan kasuwa, ɗan Carthusian, sajent, likita, matar aure, mai karɓar riba, da talakawa. Adadin haruffa da kuma yadda rawan ke gudana ya dogara ne akan wurin halitta. Mutuwa, wacce aka fi wakilta da kayan kida, tana jawo kowa cikin rawa, ba wai kallon matsayi, dukiya, jinsi, ko shekaru ba. === Farandole na zamani === Masu buga ganga ɗaya ko fiye ne ke yin rakiyar kiɗan da ake yi a yanzu. Masu rawa suna haɗa hannu don ƙirƙirar sarkar buɗewa mai yawo kuma suna yiwa kowace bugun alama da tsalle. Shugaban yana jagorantar sarkar ta hanyar zana siffar maciji. Aikinta shine bayyana farandole, rawar al'adun noma, a cikin manyan jigogi guda biyu: na karkace (wanda kuma aka sani da katantanwa ko labyrinth) da na hanyar da ke ƙarƙashin ma'ajiyar (wanda aka sani da maciji). Haka kuma a Provence, an yi wasu raye-raye da suka shafi farandole a kan matakai kyauta: {{Lang|oc|brandi}}, {{Lang|oc|morisca}} ("Moorish"), {{Lang|fr|passa-carriera}} ("mai wucewa a titi", misali. kalmar {{Lang|es|passacalle}} ta Sifaniyanci da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[passacaille]]}} ) Ya haifar da wasu raye-rayen zamanin da masu matakai akai-akai, kamar waƙoƙin waƙoƙin ƙarni na 13 da 14, da waƙoƙin branles na ƙarni na 15 da 16. === Farandole na Provence === {{Lang|fr|santons}} Rawar farandole ɗaya ce daga cikin tsofaffin gadon Provence. Masu rawa suna yin dogon layi wanda ke motsawa ta hanyar yin yawo. Juyawa da juyawar wannan rawa a cikin ɗakin kwana dole ne ya wakilci labyrinth. Masu rawa ko dai suna sanye da tufafin Arles, Provençal, ko Comtadin na gargajiya, tare da nau'ikan tufafi daban-daban da {{Lang|fr|santonnier}} na gida ya bayar. . Masu rawa da mai buga ganga suna sanye da kayan ado iri ɗaya da aka yi da fararen wando da aka matse da taiole, bel ɗin Provence da aka yi da zare na yadin ulu ja, da kuma farar riga da aka ɗaure a wuyan da igiya. Ganin cewa mai buga ganga ya shahara, ya sanya kayansa mafi kyau, yana sanye da hula mai faɗi, kuma a ƙarƙashin rigarsa mai laushi akwai rigarsa mai ado a kan farin rigarsa. Wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da "Guillaume", bisa ga al'ada, shi ne ke jagorantar farandole da tambourinsa da kuma motarsa. Wannan yanayin yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka shafi gadon jariri na Provençal, wanda hakan ya zama dole. == A cikin kiɗan gargajiya == [[Fayil:Farandole_du_ballet_de_Marseille_Eduardo_Leon_Garrido.jpg|thumb|256x256px|{{Lang|fr|Farandole du ballet de Marseille}} (Farandole na Ballet de Marseille) na {{Interlanguage link|Eduardo León Garrido|es}}]] Charles Gounod ya yi amfani da farandole, wanda aka sanya a gaban Arles Amphitheater, don buɗe wasan opera na biyu ''Mireille'' (1864). Georges Bizet ya nuna farandole a matsayin motsi na huɗu kuma na ƙarshe na {{Lang|fr|[[L'Arlésienne Suites#Suite No. 2|L'Arlésienne]]}} na biyu. Suite (1872). Duk da haka, rawan bai dace da manufar rawa ba. A cikin rawa ta Tchaikovsky ta ''The Sleeping Beauty'' (1890), 'yan matan sun gabatar da farandole a siffa ta huɗu ta wasan kwaikwayo na biyu. Akwai farandole a cikin wasan opera na Camille Saint-Saëns {{Lang|fr|[[Les Barbares]]}} (1901), kuma farandole yana nan a cikin kayan saxophone na gargajiya {{Lang|fr|[[Tableaux de Provence]]}} (1958) na Paule Maurice, motsi na farko na biyar. == A cikin al'adun jama'a == A cikin fim ɗin Abbott da Costello na shekarar 1940 ''mai suna A Night in the Tropics'', fim ɗin ya ƙare da waƙa da rawa na farandole na Bizet. A shekarar 1969, wata ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai suna " Love Sculpture " ta yi wani kundin waƙoƙi mai suna ''Forms & Feelings'' . Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin ita ce farandole na Bizet. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephen Thomas Erlewine |title=Forms & Feelings – Love Sculpture – Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards – AllMusic |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/forms-feelings-mw0000497320 |website=AllMusic}}</ref> Bob James, a cikin kundin wakokinsa ''na Two'', ya yi waƙar farandole ta Bizet a cikin salon jazz funk. An fitar da ita a shekarar 1975, kuma kundin ya zo na biyu a jadawalin kundin wakokin Jazz. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bob James US albums chart history |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/bob-james-mn0000065882/awards |access-date=2011-07-13 |publisher=allmusic.com}}</ref> A lokacin da yake memba na ƙungiyar mawakan ƙarfe ta Talas ta shekarun 1980, Billy Sheehan ya sake yin wani fim na farandole na Bizet, wanda daga baya Dream Theater ya yi fim ɗinsa kamar haka. A cikin littafin Madeleine L'Engle mai suna A Wind in the Door, "Farandolae" wasu ƙwayoyin halitta ne na mitochondria, waɗanda ke da alaƙa irin ta endosymbiotic da mitochondria, kamar yadda mitochondria ke da ƙwayoyin eukaryotic. A tsawon wannan labari, haruffa suna tafiya a cikin mitochondria kuma suna haɗuwa da farandolae a matsayin halittu masu rai waɗanda ke yin "rawa" zagaye a kusa da "bishiyoyin asali" waɗanda ke zubar da babban fara na kuzari. A cikin Ƙungiyar Masu Ra'ayin Kirkire-kirkire da sauran ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin sake ƙirƙirar raye-rayen Zamanin Tsakiya da Renaissance, wani lokacin ana rawa da farandole saboda ana ɗauka cewa asalinsa na zamanin da ne (amma duba damuwar tarihi a sama). Ana iya samun misalai a [[YouTube]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 1969 |title=Danza medieval 4 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyF6SOF-zX4 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224230802/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyF6SOF-zX4 |archive-date=2025-02-24 |website=YouTube |access-date=2026-03-14 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sgr3z52ekuvj54e7x0zl6nj2kyoki4a 0 145383 826823 809539 2026-04-26T22:05:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Faïza Kefi''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1949) ƙwararriyar lauya ce a ƙasar Tunisiya, 'yar siyasa kuma jami'ar diflomasiyya wacce ta riƙe muƙamai daban-daban, ciki har da ministar muhalli da raya ƙasa, memba a Majalisar Dokoki da kuma jakadiyar Tunisiya a Faransa. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haife ta a shekarar 1949. <ref name="roel" /> Ta halarci Jami'ar Tunis inda ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a. <ref name="roel" /> <ref name="del">{{Cite web |last=Delinda C. Hanley |date=October–November 1998 |title=Three Faces of Tunisian Women: A Political Activist, An Entrepreneurial Family, and an Islamic Theologian |url=https://www.wrmea.org/1998-october-november/three-faces-of-tunisian-women-a-political-activist-an-entrepreneurial-family-and-an-islamic-theol.html |access-date=23 May 2023 |publisher=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs |page=64}}</ref> Ta kuma sami digiri a fannin tsare-tsare na ilimi daga Makarantar Ayyukan Jama'a ta Ƙasa. <ref name="roel">{{Cite web |last=Roel Janssen |year=2015 |title=The Art of Audit. Eight remarkable government auditors on stage |url=https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/32039/619590.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=23 May 2023 |website=oapen.org |pages=17–18, 22}}</ref> <ref name="ijga">{{Cite journal |year=2004 |title=New President of the Court of Auditors Named |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/236855781 |journal=[[International Journal of Government Auditing]] |volume=31 |issue=2 |id={{ProQuest|236855781}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Bugu da ƙari, tana da digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a da kuma digiri na uku daga Jami'ar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa. <ref name="ijga" /> == Sana'a da ayyuka == Kefi ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Ƙasa, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Mata da Ma'aikatar Tsare-tsare. <ref name="lab98" /> Ta kasance cikin tawagar Tunisiya zuwa taron Duniya kan Mata da aka gudanar a Nairobi a shekarar 1985.<ref name=roel/><ref name=ijga/> Ta shiga jam'iyyar Democrat Constitutional Rally da ke mulki a ranar da Shugaban Tunisiya [[Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali|Zine El Abidine Ben Ali]] ya hau mulki a watan Nuwamban 1987. Sannan aka zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiya ga Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa a shekarar 1994. <ref name="ijga" /> <ref name="un97">{{Cite web |date=12 March 1997 |title=Status of women commission focus on 'women in power and decision making' |url=https://press.un.org/en/1997/19970312.wom.cor.html |access-date=23 May 2023 |publisher=United Nations |format=Press release |archive-date=23 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523165326/https://press.un.org/en/1997/19970312.wom.cor.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A can ta kasance shugabar Kwamitin Daidaito na Ƙungiyar Mata 'Yan Majalisa ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa. <ref name="un97" /> A shekarar 1993 ta zama shugabar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasa ta Tunisiya. Ta riƙe wannan muƙami har zuwa shekara ta 1999. <ref name="jeune" /> Daga nan aka naɗa Kefi ministar muhalli da haɓaka ƙasa a watan Afrilun 1999,<ref>{{cite news|title=Profile - Faiza Kefi|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/TUNISIA+-+Profile+-+Faiza+Kefi.-a061415448|access-date=23 May 2023|work=APS Review Gas Market Trends|date=10 April 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tunisia Week In Review|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/199904260141.html |access-date=23 May 2023|work=[[allAfrica]]|agency=[[North Africa Journal]]|date=26 April 1999|location=Tunis}}</ref> inda ta maye gurbin Mohamed Mlika a matsayin minista, kuma ta zama mace ta biyu 'yar Tunisiya da ke riƙe da muƙamin minista.<ref name=un97/> In 1993 she became the president of the Tunisian National Women's Union.<ref name=lab98>{{cite book|year=1998|author=Laurie A. Brand|title=Women, the State, and Political Liberalization: Middle Eastern and North African Experiences|url=https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/book/brand2/brand09.html|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|location=New York|isbn=9780231112673}}</ref> Muƙamin majalisar Kefi na gaba shi ne ministar horar da ƙwararru da aiki. Sannan aka naɗa ta a matsayin jakadiyar Tunisiya a Faransa a watan Mayun 2001<ref name=jeune>{{cite magazine|title=Faïza Kéfi rappelée à Tunis|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/133242/archives-thematique/faeza-k-fi-rappel-e-tunis/|access-date=23 May 2023|magazine=[[Jeune Afrique]]|date=30 July 2003|language=fr}}</ref> kuma ta riƙe muƙamin har zuwa shekara ta 2003. An naɗa ta shugabar ofishin binciken kuɗi na ƙasa na Tunisiya a watan Maris a 2004.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tunisia: Government partially reshuffled by president |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/458745762|access-date=23 May 2023|work=BBC Monitoring Middle East |date=22 March 2004|location=London|id={{ProQuest|458745762}}}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa watan Yulin 2011 lokacin da M. Abdellatif Kharrat ya gaje ta a matsayin minista. <ref name="roel" /> Kefi ta zama shugabar Kwamitin Fasaha na Tattaunawar Jama'a a shekarar 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=La réforme en marche|location=Tunis |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2195991035|access-date=9 June 2023|work=[[La Presse de Tunisie]]|date=23 March 2019|language=fr|id={{ProQuest|2195991035}}}}</ref> An zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mambobi goma na ofishin zartarwa na jam'iyyar Nidaa Tounes a watan Maris a 2015.<ref>{{cite news|language=fr|title=Composition du Bureau politique de Nidaa Tounes|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1665316208|access-date=23 May 2023|work=[[allAfrica]]|date=22 March 2015|id={{ProQuest|1665316208}}}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Kefi tana da aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya uku. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] hwmswwk4hktiqd8oj2wsgu396b6ek8f 0 145762 826685 810619 2026-04-26T16:15:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Esther Okenyuri Anyieni''' (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu, 1991) wacce aka fi sani da "Essy" kuma a cikin gida "Nyaituga" 'yar majalisa ce a Majalisar Dattawa ta 4 ta Kenya, Majalisar Dokoki ta 13 ta Kenya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sen. Esther Anyieni Okenyuri {{!}} The Kenyan Parliament Website |url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/the-senate/sen-esther-anyieni-okenyuri |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826085934/http://parliament.go.ke/the-senate/sen-esther-anyieni-okenyuri |archive-date=2023-08-26 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=www.parliament.go.ke}}</ref> jam'iyyar da ke mulki a Kenya, United Democratic Alliance ta naɗa ta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-10 |title=Raila, DP allies dominate lists of National Assembly, Senate nominees |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/politics/raila-dp-allies-dominate-lists-of-national-assembly-senate-nominees-3874932 |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> Ita memba ce ta KEWOPA, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Senators – KEWOPA |url=https://www.kewopa.org/?page_id=961 |access-date=2023-11-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Senators – KEWOPA |url=https://www.kewopa.org/?page_id=961 |access-date=2023-04-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya Women Parliamentary Association (KEWOPA) - Kenya - 50 Million African Women Speak |url=https://www.womenconnect.org/web/kenya/mentors/-/asset_publisher/Ow2RQQJcJzxI/content/kenya-women-parliamentary-association-kewopa- |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=www.womenconnect.org}}</ref> Mataimakiyar Shugabar [[Kwamiti|Kwamitin]] Majalisar Dattawa kan Ciniki, Masana'antu da Yawon Buɗe Ido, <ref>{{Cite web |title=SEN. ESTHER OKENYURI ELECTED VICE CHAIRPERSON, STANDING COMMITTEE ON TRADE, INDUSTRILIZATION & TOURISM {{!}} The Kenyan Parliament Website |url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/sen-esther-okenyuri-elected-vice-chairperson-standing-committee-trade-industrilization-tourism |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=www.parliament.go.ke}}</ref> memba ce ta Kwamitin Majalisar Dattawa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Senate Committees {{!}} The Kenyan Parliament Website |url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/the-senate/committees/senate-committees |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=www.parliament.go.ke}}</ref> kan Lafiya, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Parliament |first=Kenya |title=Senate Committees |url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/sen-esther-okenyuri-elected-vice-chairperson-standing-committee-trade-industrilization-tourism |website=Parliament of Kenya}}</ref> da Kwamitin Iko da Gata na Majalisar Dattawa. Ita ce Mataimakiyar Sakatare Janar na Ƙungiyar Matasan 'Yan Majalisa ta Kenya, kuma Sakatariyar Tsara Ƙungiyar Matan Sanatoci ta Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-27 |title=Women MPs elect Sankaire as new Kewopa chair |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/gender/women-mps-elect-sankaire-as-new-kewopa-chair-4174594 |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> Ita memba ce ta zartarwa, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Majalisa ta Commonwealth <ref>{{Cite web |title=𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐇 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐈𝐀𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐑𝐘 𝐀𝐒𝐒𝐎𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐊𝐄𝐍𝐘𝐀 𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐂𝐇 𝐇𝐎𝐋𝐃𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐍𝐔𝐀𝐋 𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐄𝐑𝐀𝐋 𝐌𝐄𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐆, 𝐄𝐋𝐄𝐂𝐓 𝐍𝐄𝐖 𝐎𝐅𝐅𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐁𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐄𝐑𝐒 {{!}} The Kenyan Parliament Website |url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/node/20542 |access-date=2023-08-15 |website=www.parliament.go.ke}}</ref> (CPA) reshen Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth Parliamentary association Kenya branch elects new officials |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/realtime/2023-08-13-commonwealth-parliamentary-association-kenya-branch-elects-new-officials/ |access-date=2023-08-15 |website=The Star |language=en-KE}}</ref> An bayyana Okenyuri <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dokeza - Making our own laws |url=https://info.mzalendo.com/ |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=DOKEZA |language=en}}</ref> a matsayin Sanata da aka zaɓa <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=IEBC gazettes Esther Okenyuri new UDA senator |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-11-02-iebc-gazettes-esther-okenyuri-new-senator/ |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=The Star |language=en-KE}}</ref> ga [[Soipan Tuya]], <ref name="auto" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Codingest |date=2022-09-30 |title=Esther Okenyuri poised to replace Soipan Tuya as nominated senator |url=https://getembetv.co.ke/esther-okenyuri-poised-to-replace-soipan-tuya-as-nominated-senator |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331132856/https://getembetv.co.ke/esther-okenyuri-poised-to-replace-soipan-tuya-as-nominated-senator |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=Getembe Television Network |language=en}}</ref> wanda Shugaba [[William Ruto]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abuga |first=Eric |title=Essy Okenyuri poised to replace Soipan Tuya as nominated senator |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/politics/article/2001458276/essy-okenyuri-poised-to-replace-soipan-tuya-as-nominated-senator |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> EGH, ya naɗa ta a <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-02 |title=Esther Okenyuri Replaces Soipan Tuya in Senate - Kenyans.co.ke |url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/81216-esther-okenyuri-replaces-soipan-tuya-senate |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=www.kenyans.co.ke |language=EN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-30 |title=Ruto ex-aide to take Senate seat after Tuya’s CS promotion |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/politics/ruto-ex-aide-to-take-senate-seat-after-tuya-s-cs-promotion-3967442 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> matsayin Sakatariyar Majalisar Ministocin Ma'aikatar [[Jerin Ma'aikatun Muhalli|Muhalli]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry Leadership – Ministry of Environment, Climate Change & Forestry |url=https://www.environment.go.ke/ministry-leadership/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331104924/https://www.environment.go.ke/ministry-leadership/ |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-03-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Esther Okenyuri Anyieni <ref>{{Cite web |last=enock |first=sir |date=2022-12-07 |title=Senator Esther Okenyuri Biography [Photos] Age, Education, Career, Tribe, Contacts, & Net Worth |url=https://kisiifinest.co.ke/senator-esther-okenyuri-biography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331104330/https://kisiifinest.co.ke/senator-esther-okenyuri-biography |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=KISII FINEST |language=en-US}}</ref> a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu, 1991, a ƙauyen Kenyenya <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mindart |first=Org |date=31 March 2023 |title=Kenyenya |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-192942.html}}</ref> a Bomachoge Borabu, a gundumar Kisii <ref>{{Cite web |last=Onyatta |first=Ben |title=Welcome to Kisii County Website |url=https://kisii.go.ke/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=kisii.go.ke |language=en-gb}}</ref> ɗiya ce ga Henry Anyieni Oketch (1956–2006), ma'aikaciyar gwamnati, da Lydia Nyachija Munema, malamar makarantar sakandare. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ta shiga Makarantar Firamare ta 'Yan Mata ta Tarang'aya don karatunta na KCPE kafin ta ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Kenya a shekarar 2006. Ta kammala karatun sakandare a shekarar 2009 bayan ta zauna don Takardar Shaidar Ilimin Sakandare ta Kenya. Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a [[Jami'ar Maasai Mara]] tare da digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar bayanai (zaɓin sarrafa bayanai) a shekarar 2015. Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Akanta na Jama'a Kashi na Ɗaya daga Kwalejin Lissafi ta Kisii. <ref>{{Cite web |title=You are being redirected... |url=https://kenyacradle.com/kisii-college-of-accountancy/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815061344/https://kenyacradle.com/kisii-college-of-accountancy/ |archive-date=2023-08-15 |access-date=2023-08-15 |website=kenyacradle.com}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Okenyuri ta kasance shugabar ɗalibai <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-03 |title=Student leaders bring a brush of youthfulness to politics |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/politics/student-leaders-bring-a-brush-of-youthfulness-to-politics--420836 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> a ƙungiyar ɗalibai [[Jami'ar Maasai Mara|ta Jami'ar Maasai Mara.]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Senator Esther Okenyuri Anyieni Archives |url=https://nairobiwire.com/tag/senator-esther-okenyuri-anyieni |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=Nairobi Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> Shugaban ƙasar Kenya Uhuru Kenyatta na lokacin ya naɗa ta don jagorantar [[Yankin matasa|reshen matasa]] na kamfen ɗin jam'iyyar Jubilee a gundumar Kisii a lokacin kamfen ɗin sake zaɓen gwamnatin Jubilee a shekarar 2017. Tsakanin shekarun 2017 da 2022, Esther Okenyuri Anyieni ta yi aiki a Sashen Dabaru da Isarwa a Ofishin Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙasa a matsayin Mataimakiyar Darakta a fannin Bincike a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Dr John Chikat wanda yanzu shi ne ɗan Majalisar Dokoki na Gundumar Tongaren. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-08 |title=Former Ruto's staff Esther Anyieni sworn in as nominated senator |url=https://www.pd.co.ke/inside-politics/ex-rutos-staff-becomes-nominated-senator-157295/ |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=www.pd.co.ke |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta taka rawa sosai wajen kafa Cibiyoyin Umarni/Kira don zaɓen maye gurbin UDA wanda ya gudana tsakanin shekarun 2017 da 2022 a mazaɓun Kabuchai, Matungu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kisanji |first=Brian |title=ANC’S Nabulindo wins Matungu by-election |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001405396/ancs-nabulindo-wins-matungu-by-election |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> Kiambaa, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agutu |first=Nancy |title=UDA's Njuguna wins Kiambaa by-election |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2021-07-16-udas-njuguna-wins-kiambaa-by-election/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=The Star |language=en-KE}}</ref> Msambweni <ref>{{Cite web |title=Feisal Bader dethrones ODM in Msambweni by-election |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-12-16-feisal-bader-dethrones-odm-in-msambweni-by-election/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=The Star |language=en-KE}}</ref> da Bonchari. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-19 |title=ODM's candidate Pavel Oimeke wins Bonchari by-election |url=https://www.pd.co.ke/inside-politics/odms-candidate-pavel-oimeke-wins-bonchari-by-election-77430/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=www.pd.co.ke |language=en-GB}}</ref> A lokacin babban zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 2022, ta kafa ƙungiyar Women for Ruto Organization, wata ƙungiyar mata da ta yi wa ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na United Democratic Movement <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kenya |first=U. D. A. |title=United Democratic Alliance {{!}} Kazi Ni Kazi |url=http://www.uda.co.ke/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331163553/http://www.uda.co.ke/ |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=UDA Kenya |language=en}}</ref> [[William Ruto]], wanda Hukumar Zaɓe da Iyakoki Mai Zaman Kanta ta ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaɓen shekara ta 2022. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://mzalendo.com/parliament/politician/esther-okenyuri-anyieni/ Dokeza - Yin dokokinmu na kanmu] * [http://www.parliament.go.ke/the-senate/sen-esther-anyieni-okenyuri Sanata Esther Anyieni Okenyuri | Shafin Yanar Gizo na Majalisar Dokokin Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826085934/http://parliament.go.ke/the-senate/sen-esther-anyieni-okenyuri |date=2023-08-26 }} Archived [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] hgaxoo7nk21y0u4j4w2pgm9pxmgps4j 0 145856 826961 810917 2026-04-27T09:25:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gertrude Araba Esaaba Sackey Torkornoo''' (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga Satumba 1962) alƙali ce ta ƙasar Ghana wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkalin Ghana daga 2023 zuwa 2025. An zabi ta a Kotun Koli a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019 kuma ta sami amincewar majalisa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Appointments Committee to vet Justice Torkornoo for Supreme Court Today |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/December-10th/appointments-committee-to-vet-justice-torkonoo-for-supreme-court-today.php |access-date=10 January 2020 |publisher=MyJoyOnline |archive-date=25 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225173332/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/December-10th/appointments-committee-to-vet-justice-torkonoo-for-supreme-court-today.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> An rantsar da ita a ranar 17 ga Disamba 2019. <ref name="SWORN IN">{{Cite web |title=Apply laws without fear or favour – Akufo-Addo to new Supreme Court Justices |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/december-17th/apply-laws-without-fear-favour-akufo-addo-to-new-judges.php |access-date=10 January 2020 |publisher=MyJoyOnline |archive-date=12 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112165119/http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/December-17th/apply-laws-without-fear-favour-akufo-addo-to-new-judges.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zabi ta a ofishin Babban Alkalin a watan Afrilun 2023 don maye gurbin Alkalin Kwasi Anin-Yeboah wanda ya yi ritaya a matsayin Babban Alkalun a ranar 24 ga Mayu 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-26 |title=Profile of Justice Gertrude Torkornoo |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2023/04/profile-of-justice-gertrude-torkornoo/ |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=Citinewsroom |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kasance Babban Alkalin Ghana na 15 daga 12 Yuni 2023 har zuwa lokacin da aka kore ta a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2025. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nyavi |first=Gertrude Ankah |date=12 June 2023 |title=Justice Gertrude Torkornoo sworn-in as new Chief Justice of Ghana |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-justice-gertrude-torkornoo-sworn-in-as-new-chief-justice-of-ghana.html |website=Graphic Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-01 |title=President Mahama removes Chief Justice Gertrude Torkornoo from office |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/president-mahama-removes-chief-justice-torkornoo-from-office.html |access-date=2025-09-01 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Torkornoo ya fito ne daga Winneba a [[Ghana]])" id="mwJA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Central Region (Ghana)">Yankin Tsakiya na Ghana . An haife ta ne a ranar 11 ga Satumba 1962 a Cape Coast ga Ibrahim Kofi Sackey da Comfort Aba Sackey, wadanda duka malamai ne a lokacin. Ita ce ta biyu a cikin 'yan uwa biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-26 |title=CV of Justice Gertrude Torkornoo |url=https://gna.org.gh/2023/04/cv-of-justice-gertrude-torkornoo/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Ghana News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Suhum Presby a shekarar 1966 kuma ta ci gaba zuwa makarantar Katolika ta Ajumako a shekarar 1969, inda ta kammala karatun firamare. Daga 1969 zuwa 1973, ta ci gaba a makarantar Ajumako Methodist, kafin ta shiga makarantar sakandare ta mata ta Wesley a 1973 inda ta sami takardar shaidar ta a shekara ta 1978. Ta ci gaba a Makarantar Achimota daga 1978 zuwa 1980 don takardar shaidarta ta matakin ci gaba. Ta sami B. A. a Shari'a da Sociology a [[Jami'ar Ghana]] a 1984 kuma ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana a 1986. A shekara ta 2001, ta sami difloma na digiri na biyu a fannin Shari'a da Ƙungiya ta Duniya daga Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a ta Duniya, wanda yake wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Erasmus Rotterdam a [[Holand|Netherlands]]. A shekara ta 2011, ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Golden Gate, a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] tare da Jagora na Dokoki (LLM) a cikin Dokar Dukiya ta Ilimi . <ref name="GERTRUDE">{{Cite web |title=New Supreme Court justices take office |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/new-supreme-court-justices-take-office.html |access-date=10 January 2020 |publisher=Graphic Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pioneer African Women in Law |url=https://www.africanwomeninlaw.com/african-women-in-law/Justice-Gertrude-Torkornoo |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=African Women in Law |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Kafin ta shiga Fugar & Co., wani kamfani na lauya a [[Accra]], a matsayin abokin tarayya, Torkornoo ta yi aiki a matsayin mai sa kai a FIDA Legal Aid Service kuma daga baya ta yi aiki da ita don hidimar kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pioneer African Women in Law |url=https://www.africanwomeninlaw.com/african-women-in-law/justice-gertrude-torkornoo |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=African Women in Law |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi horo tare da Nabarro Nathanson a London. Ta koma Fugar & Co. a 1994 don zama darektan. A watan Janairun 1997, ta kafa Sozo Law Consult, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Manajan Abokin Hulɗa har zuwa 14 ga Mayu 2004 lokacin da aka nada ta Alkalin Babban Kotun Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1970-01-01 |title=Akufo-Addo nominates Justice Gertrude Torkornoo as new CJ |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/region/crestcitynews/Akufo-Addo-nominates-Justice-Gertrude-Torkornoo-as-new-CJ-87194 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521141644/https://www.ghanaweb.com/region/crestcitynews/Akufo-Addo-nominates-Justice-Gertrude-Torkornoo-as-new-CJ-87194 |archive-date=21 May 2023 |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin alƙali na Kotun Koli har zuwa Oktoba 2012 lokacin da aka ɗaga ta zuwa Kotun daukaka kara. An zabi Torkornoo a Kotun Koli ta Ghana a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019. <ref name="GERTRUDE"/> An rantsar da ita a ranar 17 ga Disamba 2019. <ref name="SWORN IN"/> A cikin aikinta a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin E-Justice, ta jagoranci shirin sarrafa kansa na dukkan matakan kotuna, sayarwa da shigar da albarkatun lantarki da software a cikin aikin Ma'aikatar Shari'a. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Alkalin Kula da Kotun Kasuwanci tun 2013 inda ta kafa ajanda kuma ta jagoranci tarurruka da shirye-shiryen Kwamitin Masu Amfani na Kotun Kasuwa. Torkornoo ya jagoranci aiwatar da Shirin Injiniyan Muhalli na Kasuwanci (BEEP) wanda Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Duniya (DFID) ta Burtaniya ta tallafawa. Jagorancinta na jagoranci a wannan aikin ya ba Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu jagora kan gabatar da Kwamitin Masu Amfani a wasu cibiyoyin da suka shiga aikin BEEP. Aikin BEEP ya kara rinjayar ci gaban da ake yi na gyare-gyaren muhalli na kasuwanci wanda MOTI ke daidaitawa cikin cibiyoyin ƙasa. Tana aiki a matsayin shugabar Kungiyar Ayyuka ta Fasaha kan 'Tattalin Arziki' da aka kafa don jagorantar canji a yanayin dokar kasuwanci. Sakamakon aikin BEEP a cikin Shari'a sun haɗa da ƙirar sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin saka idanu da kimantawa na tattara bayanai da ake aiwatar da su a halin yanzu ta hanyar Shari'a, ƙirar sauya-sauye a cikin sashi na shari'a da aiwatarwa, da sake fasalin ADR a cikin isar da adalci na kasuwanci a cikin Da'ira da Kotuna masu Girma wanda ya haifar da wucewar Babban Kotun (Hanyar Jama'a) Dokokin Gyara 2020, CI 133. Torkornoo ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin koyarwa da kwamitin gudanarwa na Cibiyar Horar da Shari'a, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin Internship da Clerkship na Shari'a tun daga shekara ta 2012, memba da shugaban kwamitin E-Shari'a tun shekara ta 2010, memba da shugaban Kwamitin Littattafai da Edita na Kungiyar Alƙalai da Alƙalai na Ghana tun daga shekara shekara ta 2006. Ta kuma kasance memba na Hukumar Gyara Dokar tun daga shekara ta 2016. <ref name="GERTRUDE"/> Ta kasance daga cikin kwamitin mambobi bakwai da suka ji karar zaben 2020 da [[John Mahama]] ya yi a kan [[Hukumar Zabe ta Ghana]] da [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=CJ Anin Yeboah, Apau, et al sit on Mahama's election petition [VIDEO] |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/cj-anin-yeboah-apau-et-al-sit-on-mahama-s-election-petition.html |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Naɗa shi a matsayin Alkalin Kotun Koli == === Nomination === A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2019, Shugaba [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya zabi Torkornoo tare da Alkalai Mariama Owusu da Avril Lovelace-Johnson, sannan Alkalai na [[Court of appeal Ghana|Kotun daukaka kara]]. Shugaban majalisa na lokacin, Farfesa [[Aaron Mike Oquaye]], ne ya ba da sanarwar, wanda ya bayyana cewa an yi niyyar cika wuraren da aka bari ta hanyar ritaya na mata biyu; Mai Shari'a Vida Akoto-Bamfo da Mai Shari'ar [[Sophia Adinyira]], da kuma ritaya mai zuwa na [[Babban Alkalin Ghana|Babban Mai Shari'a]] [[Sophia Akuffo]] . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mensah |first=Mary |date=12 November 2019 |title=President nominates 3 females for Supreme Court |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/president-akufo-addo-nominates-3-lady-judges-for-supreme-court.html |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=Graphic Online}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2019 |title=Live Update: Parliament Vets Supreme Court Nominee Justice Torkornoo |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/972768/live-update-parliament-vets-supreme-court-nominee.html |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Don bin tsarin mulki, Shugaban kasa ya tuntubi Majalisar Jiha ta hanyar gabatar da sunayen da curricula vitae na wadanda aka zaba don mukaman Kotun Koli. Bayan kammala shawarwari tare da Majalisar Jiha, Shugaban kasa ya nemi amincewar Majalisar don nadin ta tare da sauran abokan aikinta biyu. Nomin sun kasance ƙarƙashin amincewar Majalisar, biyo bayan hanyoyin kundin tsarin mulki da aka tsara a Mataki na 144 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1992. <ref name=":3"/> === Bincike da amincewar majalisa === Torkonoo ya kuma sanar da kwamitin game da turawar shari'a na software na saka idanu da kimantawa kuma ya jaddada bukatar sauye-sauye na al'adu da halayyar a cikin shari'ar kotu don fitar da ci gaban canji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-11 |title=Ghanaian judge, Justice Gertrude Torkornoo wishes judges wear African print and not black suit |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/lifestyle/ghanaian-judge-justice-gertrude-torkornoo-wishes-judges-wear-african-print-and-not/7mj56n2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614014215/https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/lifestyle/ghanaian-judge-justice-gertrude-torkornoo-wishes-judges-wear-african-print-and-not/7mj56n2 |archive-date=14 June 2023 |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi kira ga kafa takunkumin lokaci don wasu hanyoyin kotu don hana cin zarafin masu shari'a.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=11 December 2019 |title=Let's consolidate gains made in judicial reforms – Justice Torkornoo |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/lets-consolidate-gains-made-in-judicial-reforms-justice-torkornoo/ |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=News Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da kyaututtuka da alƙalai, jami'ai, da ma'aikatan da za a iya ɗauka a matsayin cin hanci, Torkonoo ya ba da shawarar cewa membobin shari'a ya kamata su guji karɓar kyaututtaka gaba ɗaya, ban da waɗanda aka karɓa daga dangin da ke kusa. Ta jaddada bukatar cibiyoyin su tantance da kuma kafa irin wannan jagororin game da karɓar kyauta.<ref name=":5"/> Har ila yau, Torkornoo ya ba da shawarar tattaunawa ta kasa game da cin hanci da rashawa, yana nuna tasirinsa na al'umma fiye da shari'a, da kuma jaddada bukatar cikakken tsari don magance batun.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2019 |title=Corruption Is A National Canker - Justice Torkornoo |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/972870/corruption-is-a-national-canker-justice-torkorno.html |website=Ghana Web}}</ref> Bayan tsarin dubawa, Kwamitin Nomin ya amince da gabatarwa na Torkonoo, Owusu da Lovelace-Johnson. Majalisar ta amince da amincewar a ranar 13 ga watan Disamba 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2019 |title=Parliament approves three judges for Supreme Court |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/parliament-approves-three-judges-for-supreme-court.html |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=Graphic Online}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] robpqrscz6cfoddwevgfpxxwdkcqq9y 0 145887 826842 810983 2026-04-27T01:00:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826842 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Florence Kumi''' 'yar siyasar [[Ghana]] ce kuma memba ne na Majalisar Dokoki ta Biyu ta Jamhuriyar Hudu wanda ke wakiltar mazabar Assin ta Arewa a yankin Tsakiya Dan Ghana . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Central Region |url=http://www.ghanareview.com/parlia/Central.html |access-date=10 October 2020 |website=Ghana review}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Kumi a Assin North a Ghana)" id="mwGQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Central Region (Ghana)">Yankin Tsakiya na Ghana . [1] == Siyasa == An fara zabar Kumi a cikin majalisa a kan tikitin Majalisar Dattijai ta Kasa don mazabar Assin ta Arewa a yankin Tsakiya na Ghana a lokacin Babban zaben Ghana na 1996. Ta samu kuri'u 24,080 daga cikin kuri'u 46,063 da aka jefa wanda ke wakiltar 48.60% a kan abokan hamayyarta Kwabena Karikari- Apau na New Patriotic Party wanda ya samu kuri'un 13,242 da ke wakiltar 26.70%, Francis Kweku Edzii na Nationalist Congress Party wanda ya sami kuri'u 874 da ke wakilci 1.80% da Joseph Yeboah na Jam'iyyar Convention People's Party wanda ya samo kuri'u 0 da ke wakilcin 0.00%.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Ghana Election 1996 Results – Assin North Constituency |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/central/69/index.php |access-date=10 October 2020 |website=Ghana Elections – Peace FM |archive-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111204953/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/central/69/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta yi rashin nasara a zaben 2000 ga [[Kennedy Agyapong|Kennedy Ohene Agyepong]] na New Patriotic Party wanda ya samu kuri'u 20,066 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 56.31% yayin da ta samu kuri'un 14,071. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Election assin-north Constituency Results |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/elections/constituency-details/2000/assin-north |access-date=10 October 2020 |website=Graphic Ghana.}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9ynp4s1mezqg8lehja8atzqbj3w7u5c 0 145889 826799 810987 2026-04-26T21:21:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}{{Databox}} '''Fathia Ayodele Karim''' likita ce mai sana'a. A shekara ta 2016, ta lashe kyaututtuka 12 na ilimi don rarrabe kanta a cikin karatun ta, ta karya kuma ta kafa sabon rikodin a [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah]] a [[Kumasi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Girls alum graduates as medical doctor with record 12 awards {{!}} General News 2016-08-27 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Wesley-Girls-alum-graduates-as-medical-doctor-with-record-12-awards-465610 |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-08-28 |title=Female junior doctor set new record in KNUST Medical School |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/academic-excellence-female-junior-doctor-set-new-record-in-knust-medical-school/9h3tsdl |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=www.pulse.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=2 Ladies Sweep KNUST Medical Awards |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/715572/2-ladies-sweep-knust-medical-awards.html |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-27 |title=Wesley Girls alum graduates as medical doctor with record 12 awards |url=http://citifmonline.com/2016/08/wesley-girls-alum-graduates-as-medical-doctor-with-record-12-awards/ |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014070111/http://citifmonline.com/2016/08/wesley-girls-alum-graduates-as-medical-doctor-with-record-12-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Girls alum graduates as medical doctor with record 12 awards |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/715295/wesley-girls-alum-graduates-as-medical-doctor-with.html |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> == Ilimi == Karim ta sami karatun sakandare a makarantar sakandare ta Wesley Girls a Cape Coast . Daga nan sai ta ci gaba zuwa Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah inda ta yi karatun likitanci kuma an dakatar da ita ga ɗalibai mafi kyau a lokacin kammala karatunta.[1][2][3] == Ayyuka == A ranar Asabar 27 ga watan Agusta 2016, yayin da take rantsuwa a matsayin likita ta Majalisar Likitoci da Likitoci ta Ghana, an girmama ta da kyaututtuka 12 daga cikin kyaututtaka 15 da ake samu don kyakkyawan bambancin ilimi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-27 |title=Wesley Girls Alum Graduates As Medical Doctor With Record 12 Awards |url=https://www.ghanastar.com/news/wesley-girls-alum-graduates-as-medical-doctor-with-record-12-awards/ |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=The Ghana Star |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Obour |first=Samuel |date=2016-08-27 |title=Amazing! KNUST student graduates as doctor with 12 awards |url=https://yen.com.gh/72469-knust-student-fathia-ayodele-kareem-graduates-as-doctor-with-12-awards.html |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-29 |title=Dr. Fathia Ayodele Kareem Makes History after Winning 12 out of 15 Awards Obtainable Upon Completion of Medical School in Ghana |url=http://pleasuresmagazine.com.ng/2016/08/dr-fathia-ayodele-kareem-makes-history-after-winning-12-out-of-15-awards-obtainable-upon-completion-of-medical-school-in-ghana/ |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=Pleasures Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014070115/http://pleasuresmagazine.com.ng/2016/08/dr-fathia-ayodele-kareem-makes-history-after-winning-12-out-of-15-awards-obtainable-upon-completion-of-medical-school-in-ghana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-29 |title=I am not dating - KNUST Award winning junior doctor says |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/communities/academic-excellence-i-am-not-dating-knust-award-winning-junior-doctor-says/ve74cww |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=www.pulse.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.primenewsghana.com |date=2016-08-29 |title=KNUST medical doctor sets record by grabbing 12 out of 14 awards |url=https://www.primenewsghana.com/general-news/knust-medical-doctor-sets-record-by-grabbing-12-out-of-14-awards.html |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=PrimeNewsGhana |language=en-us}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] q1gsya91guqoqzi5equtu3uqw9vulo7 0 146001 826707 811358 2026-04-26T17:07:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eureka Emefa Ahadjie Adomako''' masanin ilimin shuke-shuke ne kuma masanin kimiyya na Ghana wanda a halin yanzu babban malami ne a Sashen Shuke-shuka da Muhalli, Jami'ar Ghana . Adomako ta yi aiki a matsayin uwargidan jarrabawa na [[Ghana National Science and Maths Quiz]] (NSMQ) daga 2001 zuwa 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adu-Gyamfi |first=Evans |date=26 November 2021 |title=NSMQ 2021: Where dey 'Powerhouse'? |url=https://thebftonline.com/2021/11/26/nsmq-2021-where-dey-powerhouse/ |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=The Business & Financial Times}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Eureka Adomako ta halarci [[St Rose's Senior High (Akwatia)|Makarantar Sakandare ta St. Rose]]. Adomako tana da digiri na farko na kimiyya a [[Botany]] daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] daga 1993. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=31 January 2019 |title=Dr. Eureka Emefa Ahadjie Adomako Installed as 17th Warden Of Volta Hall |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/dr-eureka-emefa-ahadjie-adomako-installed-17th-warden-volta-hall |access-date=26 November 2021 |website=University of Ghana}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Jami'ar Cambridge inda ta kammala tare da digiri na Master of Philosophy a cikin Muhalli da Ci gaba a watan Janairun, 1997. <ref name=":0" /> Ta koma [[Jami'ar Ghana]] don neman digiri na Master of Philosophy a Botany wanda ya kammala a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1999. <ref name=":0" /> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2005, ta sami tallafin karatu na ma'aikatan ilimi na Commonwealth don neman Ph.D a Ingila a Jami'ar Aberdeen . Ta kammala a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2008, tare da digiri na Doctor of Philosophy a Kimiyya ta Shuka.<ref name=":0"/> Rubutun ta shine Bambance-bambance a Matsayi na Arsenic da Sauran Abubuwan Trace Trace masu guba a cikin Ƙasa da Girka na Ghana: Sakamakon Lafiya na Mutum don Yankunan da ke fama da Ma'adinai. == Ayyuka == Tsakanin Maris 2000 da Janairu 2002, Eureka Adomako ta kasance Babban Mai Gudanar da Shirin a ofishin ba da riba ba, ofishin Conservation International-Ghana, inda ta yi aiki a kan kamfen don hana farauta da cinikayya na nau'in namun daji da ke cikin haɗari. A shekara ta 2003, an nada Adomako a matsayin malami a Sashen Shuke-shuke da Muhalli, Jami'ar Ghana . Ta tashi zuwa matsayin Babban malami a shekara ta 2009. [1] [2][3] Bayan nadin ta a matsayin malami, Adomako ta kuma ɗauki wasu matsayi tun daga matsayin ɗan'uwan Volta Hall a Jami'ar. Tun daga wannan lokacin ta yi aiki a wurare da yawa ciki har da Mataimakin Wasanni daga 2012 zuwa 2014, Shugaban Babban Gidan Jama'a daga 2011 zuwa 2014 da Babban Mataimakin daga 2014 zuwa 2018.[2] A matsayinta na babban malami, ta kasance memba na Majalisar Hall, memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na zauren kuma Shugaban Kwamitin Tutorial.[2] A watan Janairun 2019, an ɗaga ta kuma an nada ta a matsayin Warden na 17 na Volta Hall a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 60 na zauren. [2][4] === Kimiyyar Kimiyya da Lissafi na Kasa === A shekara ta 2001, Adomako ta gaji Marian Ewurama Addy a matsayin Quiz Mistress na Kimiyya da Lissafi na Kasa bayan da tsohuwar kanta ta ba da shawarar. Ta jagoranci jarrabawar na tsawon shekaru 4 daga 2001 zuwa 2005 kuma ta ba da shawarar [[Elsie Effah Kaufmann|Elsie Effah Kaufman]], uwargidan jarrabawar ta yanzu don ɗaukar matsayinta yayin da ta ci gaba da karatun digiri a Jami'ar Aberdeen . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Omenako Junior |first=Daniel Odame |date=29 June 2017 |title=What You Should Know About National Science And Maths Quiz |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/education/201706/318893.php |access-date=26 November 2021 |website=Peace FM Online |archive-date=27 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827202216/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/education/201706/318893.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tigo |first=Joshua |date=7 July 2018 |title=NSMQ History: How it all started and the female dynamics |url=https://www.adomonline.com/nsmq-history-how-it-all-started-and-the-female-dynamics/ |access-date=26 November 2021 |website=Adom Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2015 |title=How the National Science and Maths quiz began |url=https://citifmonline.com/2015/06/how-the-national-science-and-maths-quiz-began/ |access-date=26 June 2015 |website=Citi 97.3 FM}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kale-Dery |first=Severious |date=1 July 2018 |title=National Science & Maths Quiz: The journey so far |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/education/national-science-maths-quiz-the-journey-so-far.html |access-date=26 November 2021 |website=Graphic Online}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka, girmamawa da zumunci == * ODA Cambridge-Commonwealth Scholarship, Jami'ar Cambridge (Oktoba 1995 - Agusta 1996) <ref name=":0"/> * Gudanar da Ma'aikatan Kwalejin Commonwealth, Jami'ar Aberdeen (Oktoba 2005 - Satumba 2008) <ref name=":0" /> * Commonwealth Academic Fellowship for Post-Doctoral Studies, Jami'ar Aberdeen (Oktoba 2010 - Afrilu 2011) <ref name=":0" /> * Mai Bincike na girmamawa na Makarantar Kimiyya ta Biological, Jami'ar Aberdeen <ref name=":0" /> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Adomako ta yi aure tare da 'ya'ya biyu kuma [[Kirista]] ce.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2018 |title=Bullet 4th November 2018, LCI 40th Anniversary |url=http://licfamily.org.gh/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Bulletin-4th-November-2018-LIC-@-40-.pdf |access-date=26 November 2021 |website=LCI Family}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] kgz4ro2rjwgkk3yf6c7gjhmtagu155s 0 146374 826839 812407 2026-04-27T00:41:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fitsum Assefa Adela''' ( Ge'ez, an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan May 1979 a Aleta Wondo, yankin Sidama) Malama ce 'yar ƙasar Habasha, kuma 'yar siyasa wacce ke jagorantar ministar tsare-tsare da ci gaba [[Itofiya|na FDRE]] tun daga ranar 16 ga watan Oktoba 2018. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Welle (www.dw.com) |first=Deutsche |date= |title=Ethiopia: Women take half of ministerial roles in cabinet reshuffle |url=https://www.dw.com/en/ethiopia-women-take-half-of-ministerial-roles-in-cabinet-reshuffle/a-45929485 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=DW.COM |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Council {{!}} FDRE Office of the Prime Ministers |url=https://pmo.gov.et/council/ |access-date=2021-01-12 |website=pmo.gov.et}}</ref> Fitsum kuma ta kasance memba na Kwamitin gudanarwa na Bankin Kasuwanci na Habasha, tun daga ranar 24 ga watan Disamba <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date= |title=Fitsum Assefa – Commercial Bank of Ethiopia |url=https://combanketh.et/fitsumasefa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-01-12 |website=}}</ref> ta sami digiri na biyu a [[Jami'ar Addis Ababa|Jami'ar Addis Ababa,]] a Development Studies daga jami'a guda. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">an buƙata ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a fannin Falsafa a [[Tattalin arzikin noma|fannin tattalin arzikin noma]] <ref name=":1" /> a [[Jami'ar Giessen]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Current PhD Candidates |url=https://www.uni-giessen.de/faculties/f09/institutes/agri/agriculture/daad/network/currentcand/currentcandnew |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113232449/https://www.uni-giessen.de/faculties/f09/institutes/agri/agriculture/daad/network/currentcand/currentcandnew |archive-date=13 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-12 |website=Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen |language=en}}</ref> [[Jamus]], <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=SDG Center for Africa |url=https://sdgcafrica.org/ournews/visit-of-honorable-dr-fitsum-assefa-adela-the-minister-in-charge-of-plan-and-development-commission-of-the-federal-government-of-ethiopia/ |access-date=2021-01-12 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> kuma ta koyar fiye da shekaru goma a [[Jami'ar Hawassa]]. <ref name=":1" /> Fitsum tana da aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya uku. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] a2uofg464m7kha9g6r7xx8whs9ke3oj 0 146375 826670 812411 2026-04-26T15:15:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ergoge Tesfaye''' 'Yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Habasha, wacce a yanzu haka take aiki a matsayin Ministar Mata, Yara da Matasa tun daga ranar 6 ga watan Oktoba 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Team |first1=AWiB |title=Working A Peaceful Path: Dr. Ergogie Tesfaye |url=http://awib.org.et/newsite/working-a-peaceful-path-dr-ergogie-tesfaye/ |website=AWiB |date=1 July 2020 |access-date=23 March 2026 |archive-date=27 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727015643/http://awib.org.et/newsite/working-a-peaceful-path-dr-ergogie-tesfaye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita ce kuma wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Ministan Kwadago da Ci gaban Kwarewa daga shekarun 2018 zuwa 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Council {{!}} FDRE Office of the Prime Ministers |url=https://pmo.gov.et/council/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=30 December 2020 |website=pmo.gov.et}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=AWiB |date=2020-07-01 |title=Working A Peaceful Path: Dr. Ergogie Tesfaye |url=http://awib.org.et/newsite/working-a-peaceful-path-dr-ergogie-tesfaye/ |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=AWiB |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727015643/http://awib.org.et/newsite/working-a-peaceful-path-dr-ergogie-tesfaye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Ergoge a Hosaena, Hadiya, Habasha, kuma ta girma a [[Addis Ababa]], da kuma Hosaena. An haife ta a gidan malamai, kuma ta yi makarantar firamare a garinsu, amma ta bar garinsu tun tana aji biyu ta ci gaba da karatunta a babban birnin Habasha, Addis Abeba.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Team |first1=AWiB |title=Working A Peaceful Path: Dr. Ergogie Tesfaye |url=http://awib.org.et/newsite/working-a-peaceful-path-dr-ergogie-tesfaye/ |website=AWiB |date=1 July 2020 |access-date=23 March 2026 |archive-date=27 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727015643/http://awib.org.et/newsite/working-a-peaceful-path-dr-ergogie-tesfaye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayin da ta kammala aji 10, iyalanta suka koma Hossana, kuma wannan ya ba Ergoge, damar kammala makarantar sakandare a garinsu. <ref name=":0"/> Yayin da Ergoge, ta kammala makarantar sakandare, ta koma [[Addis Ababa]], ta shiga [[Jami'ar Addis Ababa]], inda ta sami digirin farko a fannin Harshe da Adabi na Waje. Ta kuma sami digirin farko a fannin Fasaha a fannin Nazarin Jinsi, da kuma digirin digirgir a fannin Ilimin Ɗan Adam na Zamantakewa daga [[Indiya]]. <ref name=":0" /> == Aiki == Bayan kammala karatun digirinta na farko a fannin harsunan waje da adabi, Ergogie ta zama malamar [[Turanci]], na tsawon shekaru biyu a ''makarantar sakandare ta Gimbichu''. <ref name=":0"/> Kafin ta zama Ministar Aiki da Harkokin Jama'a, Ergoge ta yi aiki a matsayin malama kuma darektar ofishin Kare Jinsi da HIV a Jami'ar Saint Mary (Ethiopia), da kuma Mataimakiyar Shugaba na Bincike da Ayyukan Al'umma a Jami'ar Wachamo. <ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] jt0nuyc0kj35v7sq7izraoyvulyax3e 0 146821 826841 814827 2026-04-27T00:54:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Florbela Catarina "Bela" Malaquias''' (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Janairu 1959) <ref name="dw">{{Cite web |last=Sul |first=Nelson Francisco |date=2022-07-17 |title=Florbela Malaquias propõe "humanizar Angola" |url=https://www.dw.com/pt-002/florbela-malaquias-prop%C3%B5e-humanizar-angola/a-62503127 |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=DW}}</ref> 'yar jarida ce, lauya kuma 'yar siyasa '[[Angola|yar ƙasar Angola,]] wacce ita ce shugabar Jam'iyyar Humanist Party ta Angola. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-26 |title=Bela Malaquias no Parlamento e o fim da CASA-CE |url=https://www.expansao.co.ao/angola/interior/bela-malaquias-no-parlamento-e-o-fim-da-casa-ce-109698.html |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=Expansão |language=pt}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Malaquias a Luso, [[Portuguese Angola|ƙasar Portugal, Angola]]. Duk da cewa ta girma a lokacin da take cikin mawuyacin hali a tarihin Angola, da Afirka, ganin yadda [[Yaƙe-yaƙe na 'yanci na ƙasa|ƙungiyoyin 'yantar da ƙasa]] da dama suka bunƙasa, ta bayyana yarinta a matsayin "mai shiru" kuma "mai farin ciki." Mahaifinta, Nelson, ma'aikacin jirgin ƙasa ne a layin dogo na Benguela kuma mai goyon bayan 'yancin kai na Angola. 'Yan sandan mulkin mallaka, PIDE-DGS, sun kama shi sau da yawa saboda bayyana waɗannan ra'ayoyin, kuma yana cikin ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin farko na [[UNITA]] a cikin abin da yanzu ake kira Lardin Moxico. Yayin da aka canja mahaifinta daga kurkuku zuwa kurkuku, yana ratsa [[Huambo|Nova Lisboa]] da Missombo, Malaquias, 'yan'uwanta biyar, da mahaifiyarta, Amelia, daga ƙarshe suka bi shi lokacin da aka mayar da shi zuwa cibiyar kurkukun St. Nicholas da ke Lardin Namibe, wani wuri da ake yawan amfani da shi don azabtar da masu fafutukar 'yancin kai da masu fafutuka. Malaquias kuma zai shiga UNITA tun farkon tarihinta. <ref name="dw"/> == Aiki == Malaquias ta yi yaƙi da [[UNITA]] a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Angola, har ma ta rubuta waƙar ƙungiyar mata ta Angolan League, reshen mata na UNITA. Duk da haka, daga baya ta fara nuna mummunan ra'ayi game da shugaban ƙungiyar UNITA [[Jonas Savimbi]] tun daga shekarun 1980, wanda daga baya ta bayyana a matsayin "azzalumi kuma mai kisan kai" saboda shirya "Red September", yana kula da azabtarwa da kashe mutane da dama, ciki har da jami'ansa da yawa, matansu da 'ya'yansu, a wani al'adar yaƙi da mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2022 |title=TC legalizes Angolan Humanist Party, which becomes the 13th eligible to run in the elections |url=https://angolatelegraph.com/politics/tc-legalizes-angolan-humanist-party-which-becomes-the-13th-eligible-to-run-in-the-elections/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828052445/https://angolatelegraph.com/politics/tc-legalizes-angolan-humanist-party-which-becomes-the-13th-eligible-to-run-in-the-elections/ |archive-date=August 28, 2022 |access-date=August 28, 2022 |website=Angola Telegraph}}</ref> Ita ce kaɗai mace 'yar takarar Shugabancin Angola a babban zaɓen Angola na shekarar 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-01 |title=Convidado - Florbela Malaquias: A única mulher candidata a Presidente de Angola |url=https://www.rfi.fr/pt/programas/convidado/20220801-florbela-malaquias-a-%C3%BAnica-mulher-candidata-a-presidente-de-angola |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=RFI |language=pt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=AfricaNews |date=2022-08-24 |title=Angola election: Vote counting begins after polls close |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/08/24/angola-election-vote-counting-begins-after-polls-close/ |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=Africanews |language=en |archive-date=2025-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251009204506/https://www.africanews.com/2022/08/24/angola-election-vote-counting-begins-after-polls-close/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta zo a matsayi na 5, amma an zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Angola Fala Só: Bilhete de Identidade de Bela Malaquias |url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/angola-fala-só-bilhete-de-identidade-de-bela-malaquias/5238811.html |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=VOA |language=pt}}</ref> Malaquias tana da digiri a fannin shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Agostinho Neto]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Luamba |first=Manuel |date=2022-06-22 |title=Quem é "Bela" Malaquias, a única mulher a liderar um partido em Angola? |url=https://www.dw.com/pt-002/quem-%C3%A9-bela-malaquias-a-%C3%BAnica-mulher-a-liderar-um-partido-em-angola/a-62214721 |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=DW}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] 4mayufzcmei86je9basqlk68m33giv5 0 147149 826682 816604 2026-04-26T16:01:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Estella Bagnelle''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Mary Estelle Bagnelle''' ) malamar makarantar gwamnati ce ta Amurka kuma mai gudanarwa wacce ke aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta, shugabar makarantu, memba na kwamitin ilimi, da kuma mai kula da makarantu na gundumar. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Umarni na Gundumar Madera, California daga 1899 zuwa 1911. <ref name="herhatwasinthering.org">{{Cite web |title=Mary Estelle Bagnelle |url=http://www.herhatwasinthering.org/biography.php?id=4828 |access-date=12 January 2017 |website=herhatwasinthering.org }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Shekarun farko da ilimi == An haifi mahaifinta, JD Bagnelle, a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]], daga wani tsohon iyali na kudanci wanda ya fito daga kakannin Faransa kuma ya yi suna da tarihin farko na [[Virginia]] . A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, ya ƙaura zuwa [[Illinois]] kuma ya shiga harkar kasuwanci a Litchfield, har zuwa rasuwarsa da wuri. Ya auri Amanda Slaughter (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1901, [[Tennessee]] ). Iyalan Slaughter an samo su ne tun daga shekarar 1608 a Scotland, kuma 'yan'uwa uku daga wannan ƙasar ne suka kafa iyalin a Amurka. {{Sfn|Guinn|1905}} Karatun Estella Bagnelle, wanda aka fara a Litchfield, garinsu na haihuwa, an kammala shi ne a makarantar firamare ta jihar San Jose, California (yanzu Jami'ar Jihar San Jose ), inda ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1885. {{Sfn|Guinn|1905}} == Sana'a == Bayan ta koyar da shekara guda a San Jose, a shekarar 1887 ta fara koyarwa a makarantun gundumar gundumar Madera, daga baya ta shafe shekaru takwas tana da alaƙa da makarantun Madera. A cikin shekaru shida na farko na wannan lokacin, ta riƙe matsayin mataimakiyar shugaba sannan ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu a matsayin shugabar makaranta. A shekarar 1898, an zaɓe ta a matsayin babban jami'in kula da makarantu na gundumar bisa ga tikitin jam'iyyar Democrat kuma ta sami rinjaye na 140, ta yi rantsuwar kama aiki a watan Janairu, 1899, na tsawon shekaru huɗu. Bayan ƙarshen wannan lokacin, a shekarar 1902, an sake zaɓenta ba tare da wata hamayya ba. {{Sfn|Guinn|1905}} Akwai ci gaba guda huɗu da ta yi aiki tukuru don su, wato: daidaiton littattafan karatu; mafi girman matsayin malamai; mafi kyawun albashi; da ƙarin sha'awa tsakanin amintattu. Baya ga ayyukanta na mai kula da makarantu, ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare na Ƙungiyar Malamai ta San Joaquin, tana da sha'awar Ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Ƙasa, kuma tana tausaya wa duk ƙungiyoyi don amfanin wannan sana'a. A watan Mayu, 1893, an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na hukumar ilimi ta gundumar, a lokacin da aka kafa gundumar Madera, kuma bayan 1899, ta zama sakatare na hukumar. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Bayan ta yi ritaya a watan Janairu, 1911, ta auri mai hakar ma'adinai, Oscar H. McDonald, daga Coarsegold, California a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, a Oakland, kuma suka ƙaura zuwa Nome, Alaska a ranar 1 ga Mayu {{Sfn|Wagner|1911}} == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} === Ba da izini === * This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: J. M. Guinn's History of the State of California and Biographical Record of the San Joaquin Valley, California: An Historical Story of the State's Marvelous Growth from Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time (1905) === Littattafan tarihi === *   *   14mcyz54oeiabn647b5h1el6cnywegw 0 147231 826644 816953 2026-04-26T12:04:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Gitaū''' kuma Elizabeth Gitaō-Maina (an haife ta a shekara ta ), likita ce ta Kenya kuma mai gudanar da kamfanoni, wanda shine babban jami'in zartarwa na Kungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kenya, ƙungiyar masana'antu ta ƙasa da ke da niyyar karewa da adana bukatun likitocin da ke aiki a kasar.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Nasibo Kabale |date=10 April 2019 |title=Doctors' board picks first woman chair |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/corporate/companies/board-picks--first-woman-chair/4003102-5065874-i99myjz/index.html |access-date=10 April 2019 |website=[[Business Daily Africa]]}}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == An haifi Gitaū a Kenya kimanin shekara ta 1988. Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin likitanci da kuma digiri na farko a fannin tiyata (MBChB) a Jami'ar Nairobi a shekarar 2012. Ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a fannin gudanar da kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Strathmore da ke Nairobi a shekarar 2016. A shekarar 2017, an ba ta tallafin karatu daga Hukumar Musayar Ilimi ta Jamus (Jamusanci: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst) (DAAD), don yin karatu a Jamus, inda ta gudanar da Kwas ɗin Bincike da Gudanar da Ayyuka a Jami'ar Kimiyyar da aka Aiwatar a Hamburg.[1][2] == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunta daga makarantar likita, kuma bayan aikin horarwa, ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'in kiwon lafiya a asibitin Mūrang'a County kusan kusan shekaru biyu har zuwa Disamba 2014. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=KMPDC |date=1 August 2024 |title=Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists Council: Dr. Elizabeth Gitau-Maina |url=https://kmpdc.go.ke/2024/08/01/dr-elizabeth-gitau-maina/ |access-date=5 November 2024 |website=Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists Council (KMPDC) |archive-date=25 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125131606/https://kmpdc.go.ke/2024/08/01/dr-elizabeth-gitau-maina/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2019, Gitaū ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban malami a Kwalejin Horar da Kiwon Lafiya ta Kenya, makarantar da ke horar da Jami'an asibiti (tsoffin Mataimakan likita) a matakin difloma, wanda ke zaune a harabar a garin Thika . <ref name="2R"/> A matsayinta na Shugaba mai shigowa a Kungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kenya, ta maye gurbin Stellah Wairimu Bosire-Otieno, wanda ya jagoranci kungiyar daga 2017 har zuwa 2019.[1] A baya, Gitaū ya kasance mai ba da kuɗi na sashen Nairobi County na Kungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kenya (KMA). [2] A watan Maris na 2021, a cikin annobar COVID-19, Gitaū ta soki Kenya don ba da fifiko ga allurar rigakafi ga jami'an diflomasiyya fiye da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da tsofaffi.[3] A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, an nada Dokta Elizabeth Gitaū don zama a kwamitin Likitocin Kenya da Likitocin Dentists Council (KMPDC), a matsayin memba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magdalene Saya |date=24 March 2023 |title=New KMPDC board members assume office, challenged to uphold professional ethics |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2023-03-24-new-kmpdc-board-members-assume-office-challenged-to-uphold-professional-ethics |access-date=5 November 2024 |website=[[The Star (Kenya)]]}}</ref> Har ila yau, memba ce kuma mai shirya taron Young Doctors Network . <ref>{{Cite web |last=KMA |date=August 2023 |title=Dr. Elizabeth Gitau-Maina |url=https://issuu.com/kmaydnzine/docs/kma_ydn_at_5_3_/s/29758314 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125131919/https://issuu.com/kmaydnzine/docs/kma_ydn_at_5_3_/s/29758314 |archive-date=25 January 2025 |access-date=5 November 2024 |website=Kenya Medical Association (KMA)}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Shitsama Nyamweya == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 37u37hbhqtbrxvkz6fj2qjt3tyy1xkp 0 147306 826649 817171 2026-04-26T12:44:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ellen M. Bard (Janairu 11, 1949 - Oktoba 28, 2009) 'yar siyasa ce ta Amurka da ke aiki a matsayin 'yar jam'iyyar Republican a Majalisar Wakilai ta Pennsylvania . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Bard a Minneapolis, [[Minnesota]] . Ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Pomona a shekarar 1971. <ref name="official1">{{Cite web |title=Ellen M. Bard (Republican) |url=http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/home/member_information/house_bio.cfm?districtnumber=153 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040204182035/http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/home/member_information/house_bio.cfm?districtnumber=153 |archive-date=2004-02-04 |website=Official Pennsylvania House of Representatives Profile |publisher=Pennsylvania House of Representatives}}</ref> Ta kuma sami digirin MS daga Makarantar Sadarwa ta Jama'a ta Jami'ar Boston a shekarar 1972 da kuma wani digirin MS daga Makarantar Gudanarwa ta MIT Sloan a shekarar 1980. <ref name="official2">{{Cite web |title=Ellen M. Bard (Republican) |url=http://www.house.state.pa.us/members/districts/153/153.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000307185606/http://www.house.state.pa.us/members/districts/153/153.htm |archive-date=2000-03-07 |website=Official Pennsylvania House of Representatives Profile |publisher=Pennsylvania House of Representatives}}</ref> Bard kuma ƙwararren masanin kimiyya ne a fannin Marshall . == Aikin yin dokoki == An zaɓe ta don ta wakilci Ward 7 a cikin Kwamitin Kwamishinonin Garin Abington a shekarar 1990. A shekarar 1994, bayan ta yi aiki sau ɗaya a matsayin Kwamishinar Gari, an zaɓe ta don wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 153 a Majalisar Wakilai ta Pennsylvania . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Ellen Bard |url=http://www.repbard.com/index.cfm?SectionID=30&ParentID=0&SectionTypeID=2&SectionTree=30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040222223326/http://www.repbard.com/index.cfm?SectionID=30&ParentID=0&SectionTypeID=2&SectionTree=30 |archive-date=2004-02-22 |website=Official Pennsylvania Republican Caucus Biography |publisher=Pennsylvania House Republican Caucus}}</ref> A lokacin da take aiki a can, an sanya hannu kan wasu dokoki 17. <ref name="bio" /> A lokacin aikinta na majalisa, an san ta da fafutukar kare hakkin Gundumar Makarantar Abington da kuma aikinta kan batutuwan makamashi da muhalli, gami da aikinta a matsayin Shugabar Kwamitin Aiki kan Manufar Makamashi ta ƙarni na 21 ga Pennsylvania. Ta bar kujerarta ta PA House don tsayawa takara a gundumar majalisa ta 13 da ke Pennsylvania, inda ta sha kaye a zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Republican ga Melissa Brown, wacce ta sha kaye a hannun Allyson Schwartz . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2004 |title=Representative in Congress, 2004 General Primary |url=http://www.electionreturns.state.pa.us/ElectionsInformation.aspx?FunctionID=13&ElectionID=10&OfficeID=11 |website=Commonwealth of PA - Elections Information |publisher=Pennsylvania Department of State }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Mutuwa == A watan Mayun 2009, bayan an gano tana da [[Ciwon Daji na Pancreatic|cutar kansar pancreas]], ita da mijinta sun ƙaura daga Jenkintown zuwa [[San Francisco]] don su kasance kusa da 'yarsu. <ref name="obit" /> Ta mutu a watan Oktoban 2009. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2009]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] 55r7v9k2yu6xz5p7w1outwyv92ij49l 0 147561 826924 818473 2026-04-27T08:27:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 826924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Cooney''' (6 ga Agusta, 1917 - 10 ga Maris, 2000) ta kasance marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka kuma mai zane-zane a littattafan yara 110, waɗanda aka buga sama da shekaru sittin. Ta sami lambobin yabo na Caldecott guda biyu saboda aikinta a kan ''Chanticleer da Fox'' (1958) da ''Ox-Cart Man'' (1979), da kuma lambar yabo ta ƙasa ta littattafai ga ''Miss Rumphius'' (1982). An fassara littattafanta zuwa harsuna goma. Saboda gudummawar da ta bayar a matsayin mai zane-zanen yara, Cooney ta kasance 'yar takarar Amurka a shekarar 1994 don lambar yabo ta Hans Christian Andersen ta duniya, wacce aka bayar a duk shekara sau biyu, mafi girman karramawa ta duniya ga masu ƙirƙirar littattafan yara. == Rayuwa == An haifi Cooney a ranar 6 ga Agusta, 1917 a ɗaki mai lamba 1127 na Otal ɗin Bossert da ke Brooklyn, New York, ga Russell Schenck Cooney (dillalin hannun jari) da matarsa Mae Evelyn Bossert (mai zane). Tana da ɗan'uwa tagwaye da ƙannenta biyu. Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Long Island tun tana 'yar shekara biyu, inda ta halarci Makarantar Buckley Country Day daga baya kuma ta [[Makarantar allo|halarci makarantar kwana]] . Ta fara zane da zane tun tana ƙarama, kuma mahaifiyarta ta ƙarfafa ta amma ta sami damar koyo da kanta. Cooney ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Smith da digirin tarihi a shekarar 1938, amma ta ci gaba da aiki a fannin fasaha, tana ɗaukar darussa kan zane-zane baƙi da fari, zane-zane, da kuma lithography a Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Fasaha ta New York a shekarar 1940. Ta fara yin alaƙa a duniyar wallafe-wallafe. Zane-zanenta na farko na ƙwararru shine na ''Ake and His World'' na mawaƙin Sweden Bertil Malmberg, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1940, shekara guda bayan kammala karatunta. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], Cooney ta yi aiki a Rundunar Sojojin Mata . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan hidimarta, ta haɗu ta auri ɗan jarida Guy Murchie a shekarar 1944. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Gretel da Barnaby, kuma suka sake a shekarar 1947. A watan Yulin 1949, ta auri Charles Talbot Porter; sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu tare: Phoebe da Charlie Porter . Cooney ta ci gaba da aikin zane-zanenta. A shekarar 1959, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Caldecott don ''Chanticleer da Fox'', tana rubutawa da kuma kwatanta sigar ta ta tatsuniya, " Chanticleer and the Fox ." Chaucer ne ya ƙirƙiro wannan a cikin littafinsa mai suna " The Nun's Priest's Tale ." Tun daga shekarunta na 40, Cooney ta kan yi tafiye-tafiye akai-akai, tana samun wahayi ga zane-zane da rubutunta. A gida, tana zaune a Damariscotta, Maine, a cikin gidan da ɗayan 'ya'yanta maza suka gina mata. Daga cikin littattafanta da yawa, Cooney ta zana hoton ''Ox-Cart Man'' (1980), wanda mawaƙin Amurka Donald Hall ya rubuta, wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta Caldecott ta biyu. A shekarar 1975, ta zana hoton ''[[When the Sky is Like Lace]]'' . Elinor Lander Horwitz ce ta rubuta littafin, an zaɓi littafin a matsayin Littafin Shekara ''[[New York Times|na New York Times]]'' Mafi Kyau. Tare da littafinta ''Miss Rumphius'' (1983), wanda ta rubuta kuma ta zana, ta lashe kyautar National Book Award a cikin rukunin Picture Books . A wannan shekarar William Steig da ''Doctor De Soto'' suma sun raba kyautar. A shekarar 1989, Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Maine ta ba ta lambar yabo ta farko ta Lupine, wadda aka bai wa marubutan littattafan yara masu hazaka. [1] A shekarar 1996, Gwamnan Maine Angus King ya girmama Cooney ta hanyar ayyana rana a sunanta a matsayin "Ranar Barbara Cooney". Littafinta na ƙarshe, Basket Moon (2000), an buga shi watanni shida kafin rasuwarta a wani asibiti a Portland a ranar 10 ga Maris, 2000. [1]<ref>Barbara Cooney's Obituary". Carol Hurst's Children's Literature Site. Carol Otis Hurst and Rebecca Otis. Retrieved 2006-07-10.</ref> Ana nuna wasu daga cikin zane-zanenta na asali a Kwalejin Bowdoin da ke Maine. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1917]] daz0rcgu430nam640r3vssekp2dlov2 826925 826924 2026-04-27T08:27:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 826925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Cooney''' (6 ga Agusta, 1917 - 10 ga Maris, 2000) ta kasance marubuciya ce 'yar [[Amurka]] kuma mai zane-zane a littattafan yara 110, waɗanda aka buga sama da shekaru sittin. Ta sami lambobin yabo na Caldecott guda biyu saboda aikinta a kan ''Chanticleer da Fox'' (1958) da ''Ox-Cart Man'' (1979), da kuma lambar yabo ta ƙasa ta littattafai ga ''Miss Rumphius'' (1982). An fassara littattafanta zuwa harsuna goma. Saboda gudummawar da ta bayar a matsayin mai zane-zanen yara, Cooney ta kasance 'yar takarar Amurka a shekarar 1994 don lambar yabo ta Hans Christian Andersen ta duniya, wacce aka bayar a duk shekara sau biyu, mafi girman karramawa ta duniya ga masu ƙirƙirar littattafan yara. == Rayuwa == An haifi Cooney a ranar 6 ga Agusta, 1917 a ɗaki mai lamba 1127 na Otal ɗin Bossert da ke Brooklyn, New York, ga Russell Schenck Cooney (dillalin hannun jari) da matarsa Mae Evelyn Bossert (mai zane). Tana da ɗan'uwa tagwaye da ƙannenta biyu. Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Long Island tun tana 'yar shekara biyu, inda ta halarci Makarantar Buckley Country Day daga baya kuma ta [[Makarantar allo|halarci makarantar kwana]] . Ta fara zane da zane tun tana ƙarama, kuma mahaifiyarta ta ƙarfafa ta amma ta sami damar koyo da kanta. Cooney ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Smith da digirin tarihi a shekarar 1938, amma ta ci gaba da aiki a fannin fasaha, tana ɗaukar darussa kan zane-zane baƙi da fari, zane-zane, da kuma lithography a Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Fasaha ta New York a shekarar 1940. Ta fara yin alaƙa a duniyar wallafe-wallafe. Zane-zanenta na farko na ƙwararru shine na ''Ake and His World'' na mawaƙin Sweden Bertil Malmberg, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1940, shekara guda bayan kammala karatunta. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], Cooney ta yi aiki a Rundunar Sojojin Mata . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan hidimarta, ta haɗu ta auri ɗan jarida Guy Murchie a shekarar 1944. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Gretel da Barnaby, kuma suka sake a shekarar 1947. A watan Yulin 1949, ta auri Charles Talbot Porter; sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu tare: Phoebe da Charlie Porter . Cooney ta ci gaba da aikin zane-zanenta. A shekarar 1959, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Caldecott don ''Chanticleer da Fox'', tana rubutawa da kuma kwatanta sigar ta ta tatsuniya, " Chanticleer and the Fox ." Chaucer ne ya ƙirƙiro wannan a cikin littafinsa mai suna " The Nun's Priest's Tale ." Tun daga shekarunta na 40, Cooney ta kan yi tafiye-tafiye akai-akai, tana samun wahayi ga zane-zane da rubutunta. A gida, tana zaune a Damariscotta, Maine, a cikin gidan da ɗayan 'ya'yanta maza suka gina mata. Daga cikin littattafanta da yawa, Cooney ta zana hoton ''Ox-Cart Man'' (1980), wanda mawaƙin Amurka Donald Hall ya rubuta, wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta Caldecott ta biyu. A shekarar 1975, ta zana hoton ''[[When the Sky is Like Lace]]'' . Elinor Lander Horwitz ce ta rubuta littafin, an zaɓi littafin a matsayin Littafin Shekara ''[[New York Times|na New York Times]]'' Mafi Kyau. Tare da littafinta ''Miss Rumphius'' (1983), wanda ta rubuta kuma ta zana, ta lashe kyautar National Book Award a cikin rukunin Picture Books . A wannan shekarar William Steig da ''Doctor De Soto'' suma sun raba kyautar. A shekarar 1989, Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Maine ta ba ta lambar yabo ta farko ta Lupine, wadda aka bai wa marubutan littattafan yara masu hazaka. [1] A shekarar 1996, Gwamnan Maine Angus King ya girmama Cooney ta hanyar ayyana rana a sunanta a matsayin "Ranar Barbara Cooney". Littafinta na ƙarshe, Basket Moon (2000), an buga shi watanni shida kafin rasuwarta a wani asibiti a Portland a ranar 10 ga Maris, 2000. [1]<ref>Barbara Cooney's Obituary". Carol Hurst's Children's Literature Site. Carol Otis Hurst and Rebecca Otis. Retrieved 2006-07-10.</ref> Ana nuna wasu daga cikin zane-zanenta na asali a Kwalejin Bowdoin da ke Maine. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1917]] gw7fugi19fm1p040sp7z1jba2vgxgiy 826926 826925 2026-04-27T08:28:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 826926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Cooney''' (6 ga Agusta, 1917 - 10 ga Maris, 2000) ta kasance marubuciya ce 'yar [[Amurka]] kuma mai zane-zane a littattafan yara 110, waɗanda aka buga sama da shekaru sittin. Ta sami lambobin yabo na Caldecott guda biyu saboda aikinta a kan ''Chanticleer da Fox'' (1958) da ''Ox-Cart Man'' (1979), da kuma lambar yabo ta ƙasa ta littattafai ga ''Miss Rumphius'' (1982). An fassara littattafanta zuwa harsuna goma. Saboda gudummawar da ta bayar a matsayin mai zane-zanen yara, Cooney ta kasance 'yar takarar Amurka a shekarar 1994 don lambar yabo ta Hans Christian Andersen ta duniya, wacce aka bayar a duk shekara sau biyu, mafi girman karramawa ta duniya ga masu ƙirƙirar littattafan yara. == Rayuwa == An haifi Cooney a ranar 6 ga Agusta, 1917 a ɗaki mai lamba 1127 na Otal ɗin Bossert da ke Brooklyn, New York, ga Russell Schenck Cooney (dillalin hannun jari) da matarsa Mae Evelyn Bossert (mai zane). Tana da ɗan'uwa tagwaye da ƙannenta biyu. Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Long Island tun tana 'yar shekara biyu, inda ta halarci Makarantar Buckley Country Day daga baya kuma ta [[Makarantar allo|halarci makarantar kwana]] . Ta fara zane da zane tun tana ƙarama, kuma mahaifiyarta ta ƙarfafa ta amma ta sami damar koyo da kanta. Cooney ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Smith da digirin tarihi a shekarar 1938, amma ta ci gaba da aiki a fannin fasaha, tana ɗaukar darussa kan zane-zane baƙi da fari, zane-zane, da kuma lithography a Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Fasaha ta New York a shekarar 1940. Ta fara yin alaƙa a duniyar wallafe-wallafe. Zane-zanenta na farko na ƙwararru shine na ''Ake and His World'' na mawaƙin Sweden Bertil Malmberg, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1940, shekara guda bayan kammala karatunta. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], Cooney ta yi aiki a Rundunar Sojojin Mata . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan hidimarta, ta haɗu ta auri ɗan jarida Guy Murchie a shekarar 1944. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Gretel da Barnaby, kuma suka sake a shekarar 1947. A watan Yulin 1949, ta auri Charles Talbot Porter; sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu tare: Phoebe da Charlie Porter . Cooney ta ci gaba da aikin zane-zanenta. A shekarar 1959, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Caldecott don ''Chanticleer da Fox'', tana rubutawa da kuma kwatanta sigar ta ta tatsuniya, " Chanticleer and the Fox ." Chaucer ne ya ƙirƙiro wannan a cikin littafinsa mai suna " The Nun's Priest's Tale ." Tun daga shekarunta na 40, Cooney ta kan yi tafiye-tafiye akai-akai, tana samun wahayi ga zane-zane da rubutunta. A gida, tana zaune a Damariscotta, Maine, a cikin gidan da ɗayan 'ya'yanta maza suka gina mata. Daga cikin littattafanta da yawa, Cooney ta zana hoton ''Ox-Cart Man'' (1980), wanda mawaƙin Amurka Donald Hall ya rubuta, wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta Caldecott ta biyu. A shekarar 1975, ta zana hoton ''[[When the Sky is Like Lace]]'' . Elinor Lander Horwitz ce ta rubuta littafin, an zaɓi littafin a matsayin Littafin Shekara ''[[New York Times|na New York Times]]'' Mafi Kyau. Tare da littafinta ''Miss Rumphius'' (1983), wanda ta rubuta kuma ta zana, ta lashe kyautar National Book Award a cikin rukunin Picture Books . A wannan shekarar William Steig da ''Doctor De Soto'' suma sun raba kyautar. A shekarar 1989, Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Maine ta ba ta lambar yabo ta farko ta Lupine, wadda aka bai wa marubutan littattafan yara masu hazaka. [1] A shekarar 1996, Gwamnan Maine Angus King ya girmama Cooney ta hanyar ayyana rana a sunanta a matsayin "Ranar Barbara Cooney". Littafinta na ƙarshe, Basket Moon (2000), an buga shi watanni shida kafin rasuwarta a wani asibiti a Portland a ranar 10 ga Maris, 2000.<ref>Barbara Cooney's Obituary". Carol Hurst's Children's Literature Site. Carol Otis Hurst and Rebecca Otis. Retrieved 2006-07-10.</ref> Ana nuna wasu daga cikin zane-zanenta na asali a Kwalejin Bowdoin da ke Maine. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1917]] jpi9n8w57q4r8u1rvgpkr26qnxydvb6 826927 826926 2026-04-27T08:28:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 826927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Cooney''' (6 ga Agusta, 1917 - 10 ga Maris, 2000) ta kasance marubuciya ce 'yar [[Amurka]] kuma mai zane-zane a littattafan yara 110, waɗanda aka buga sama da shekaru sittin. Ta sami lambobin yabo na Caldecott guda biyu saboda aikinta a kan ''Chanticleer da Fox'' (1958) da ''Ox-Cart Man'' (1979), da kuma lambar yabo ta ƙasa ta littattafai ga ''Miss Rumphius'' (1982). An fassara littattafanta zuwa harsuna goma. Saboda gudummawar da ta bayar a matsayin mai zane-zanen yara, Cooney ta kasance 'yar takarar Amurka a shekarar 1994 don lambar yabo ta Hans Christian Andersen ta duniya, wacce aka bayar a duk shekara sau biyu, mafi girman karramawa ta duniya ga masu ƙirƙirar littattafan yara. == Rayuwa == An haifi Cooney a ranar 6 ga Agusta, 1917 a ɗaki mai lamba 1127 na Otal ɗin Bossert da ke Brooklyn, New York, ga Russell Schenck Cooney (dillalin hannun jari) da matarsa Mae Evelyn Bossert (mai zane). Tana da ɗan'uwa tagwaye da ƙannenta biyu. Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Long Island tun tana 'yar shekara biyu, inda ta halarci Makarantar Buckley Country Day daga baya kuma ta [[Makarantar allo|halarci makarantar kwana]] . Ta fara zane da zane tun tana ƙarama, kuma mahaifiyarta ta ƙarfafa ta amma ta sami damar koyo da kanta. Cooney ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Smith da digirin tarihi a shekarar 1938, amma ta ci gaba da aiki a fannin fasaha, tana ɗaukar darussa kan zane-zane baƙi da fari, zane-zane, da kuma lithography a Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Fasaha ta New York a shekarar 1940. Ta fara yin alaƙa a duniyar wallafe-wallafe. Zane-zanenta na farko na ƙwararru shine na ''Ake and His World'' na mawaƙin Sweden Bertil Malmberg, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1940, shekara guda bayan kammala karatunta. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], Cooney ta yi aiki a Rundunar Sojojin Mata . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan hidimarta, ta haɗu ta auri ɗan jarida Guy Murchie a shekarar 1944. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Gretel da Barnaby, kuma suka sake a shekarar 1947. A watan Yulin 1949, ta auri Charles Talbot Porter; sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu tare: Phoebe da Charlie Porter . Cooney ta ci gaba da aikin zane-zanenta. A shekarar 1959, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Caldecott don ''Chanticleer da Fox'', tana rubutawa da kuma kwatanta sigar ta ta tatsuniya, " Chanticleer and the Fox ." Chaucer ne ya ƙirƙiro wannan a cikin littafinsa mai suna " The Nun's Priest's Tale ." Tun daga shekarunta na 40, Cooney ta kan yi tafiye-tafiye akai-akai, tana samun wahayi ga zane-zane da rubutunta. A gida, tana zaune a Damariscotta, Maine, a cikin gidan da ɗayan 'ya'yanta maza suka gina mata. Daga cikin littattafanta da yawa, Cooney ta zana hoton ''Ox-Cart Man'' (1980), wanda mawaƙin Amurka Donald Hall ya rubuta, wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta Caldecott ta biyu. A shekarar 1975, ta zana hoton ''When the Sky is Like Lace'' . Elinor Lander Horwitz ce ta rubuta littafin, an zaɓi littafin a matsayin Littafin Shekara ''[[New York Times|na New York Times]]'' Mafi Kyau. Tare da littafinta ''Miss Rumphius'' (1983), wanda ta rubuta kuma ta zana, ta lashe kyautar National Book Award a cikin rukunin Picture Books . A wannan shekarar William Steig da ''Doctor De Soto'' suma sun raba kyautar. A shekarar 1989, Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Maine ta ba ta lambar yabo ta farko ta Lupine, wadda aka bai wa marubutan littattafan yara masu hazaka. [1] A shekarar 1996, Gwamnan Maine Angus King ya girmama Cooney ta hanyar ayyana rana a sunanta a matsayin "Ranar Barbara Cooney". Littafinta na ƙarshe, Basket Moon (2000), an buga shi watanni shida kafin rasuwarta a wani asibiti a Portland a ranar 10 ga Maris, 2000.<ref>Barbara Cooney's Obituary". Carol Hurst's Children's Literature Site. Carol Otis Hurst and Rebecca Otis. Retrieved 2006-07-10.</ref> Ana nuna wasu daga cikin zane-zanenta na asali a Kwalejin Bowdoin da ke Maine. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1917]] knypqj7hjbztfv6jdb5sz7oc4j3y5kt 0 147717 826829 819158 2026-04-26T23:16:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Patriarch Filaret''' (secular name '''Mykhailo Antonovych Denysenko''';[a] Ukrainian: Михайло Антонович Денисенко; 23&nbsp;January 1929&nbsp;– 20&nbsp;March 2026) was a Ukrainian religious leader, serving as the primate and Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church–Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC–KP). The Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU), which he left in 2019, viewed him as the Honorary Patriarch emeritus, while the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople recognized him as a former Metropolitan of Kyiv.<ref name=":30">{{Cite web |date=14 October 2018 |title=Phanar considers Filaret an ordinary bishop without an episcopal see |url=http://spzh.news/en/news/56602-fanar-schitajet-filareta-prostym-jepiskopom-bez-kafedry |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029191756/http://spzh.news/en/news/56602-fanar-schitajet-filareta-prostym-jepiskopom-bez-kafedry |archive-date=29 October 2018 |access-date=29 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Filaret (Denysenko) |url=https://www.pomisna.info/uk/episcopate-post/filaret-denisenko/ |website=www.pomisna.info}}</ref> Denysenko was the Metropolitan of Kiev and the Exarch of Ukraine in the Patriarchate of Moscow (1966–1992). After joining the Kyiv Patriarchate, he was defrocked and in 1997 excommunicated by the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). On 11 October 2018, the Patriarchate of Constantinople reinstated him in church communion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcement (11/10/2018). – Announcements – The Ecumenical Patriarchate |url=https://www.patriarchate.org/-/communiq-1 |website=www.patriarchate.org}}</ref> However, while restored to the episcopate, the Ecumenical Patriarchate never recognised him as Patriarch and views him as the former Metropolitan of Kyiv.<ref name=":30"/><ref name=":69">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2018 |title=ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΣΤΙΚΟ {{!}} Βαρθολομαίος σε Ονούφριο: ''Δεν μπορείτε να έχετε πλέον τον τίτλο Κιέβου'' |url=https://www.romfea.gr/epikairotita-xronika/25568-apokleistiko-bartholomaios-se-onoufrio-den-mporeite-na-exete-pleon-ton-titlo-kiebou |access-date=8 December 2018 |website=ROMFEA |language=el-gr}}</ref><ref name="ecpatrukr">{{Cite web |date=16 February 2019 |title=ΙΕ. ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΟΥΚΡΑΝΙΑΣ |url=http://users.sch.gr/markmarkou/2019/ukr2019.htm |access-date=17 February 2019 |language=el |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107015851/http://users.sch.gr/markmarkou/2019/ukr2019.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2019 |title=Ecumenical Patriarch met the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine |url=https://www.ecupatria.org/2019/06/08/ecumenical-patriarch-met-the-national-union-of-journalists-of-ukraine/ |access-date=13 June 2019 |website=Ecumenical Patriarchate Permanent Delegation to the World Council of Churches |language=en-US}}</ref> On 15 December 2018, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Patriarchate united with the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2018 |title=Unification council taking place at Kyiv's St. Sophia Cathedral (Live video) |url=https://www.unian.info/politics/10378089-unification-council-taking-place-at-kyiv-s-st-sophia-cathedral-live-video.html |access-date=16 December 2018 |website=unian.info |language=en}}</ref> and some members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church–Moscow Patriarchate (UOC–MP)<ref name=":802">{{Cite web |last=Cazabonne |first=Emma |date=15 December 2018 |title=The council started late |url=https://orthodoxie.com/en/the-council-started-late/ |access-date=16 December 2018 |website=Orthodoxie.com |language=en-US}}</ref> into the Orthodox Church of Ukraine; the Ukrainian Orthodox Church–Kyiv Patriarchate thus ceased to exist. On 20 June 2019, however, a conflict between Filaret and the new metropolitan of the OCU, Epiphanius I, over details of the unification lead to Filaret declaring continuation of the UOC–KP with himself as the metropolitan. The continued UOC–KP is not currently recognized by any of the major Eastern Orthodox churches, nor the Government of Ukraine. == Shekarun farko == An haifi Mykhailo Denysenko a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 1929, a cikin dangin ma'aikata a ƙauyen Blahodatne a gundumar Amvrosiivsky Raion ( gundumar ), wacce yanzu take cikin yankin Donetsk ( lardin ) a Gabashin Ukraine . Iyayensa sune Anton da Melania Denysenko. <ref name="finallyaref">{{Cite web |last=Losiev |first=Ihor |date=8 November 2012 |title=Filaret: A Statehood-oriented Patriarch |url=https://ukrainianweek.com/Society/64554 |access-date=6 January 2019 |website=[[The Ukrainian Week]]}}</ref> A lokacin da yake matashi, Mykhailo ya sami mummunan rauni sakamakon mutuwar mahaifinsa a fagen daga a shekarar 1943, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga komawarsa ga addini. <ref name="zbr">{{Cite web |date=20 March 2026 |title=Помер почесний патріарх ПЦУ Філарет |url=https://zbruc.eu/node/123879 |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref> Tun daga shekarar 1946, <ref name="zbr" /> ya sami ilimin tauhidi a [[Odessa|Odesa]] Seminary (Moscow Patriarchate) da kuma Moscow Theological Academy inda ya zama abokin tarayya na Patriarch Alexius na Moscow. Ya ɗauki alƙawarin sufanci a shekarar 1950 yana ɗaukar sunan sufanci ''Filaret'' kuma an naɗa shi hierodeacon a watan Janairun 1950 kuma firist a watan Yunin 1951. <ref name="finallyaref" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya zauna a Kwalejin Tauhidi ta Moscow a matsayin farfesa (daga 1952) kuma Babban Mataimaki ga Sufeto na Kwalejin, <ref name="finallyaref" /> a lokaci guda yana aiki a matsayin babban firist na Trinity Lavra na St. Sergius . <ref name="zbr" /> A shekarar 1956 aka naɗa shi Sufeto na Kwalejin Tauhidi a [[Saratov]] kuma aka ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin hegumen . A shekarar 1957 aka naɗa shi Sufeto na Kwalejin Tauhidi [[Kiev|ta Kyiv]] . <ref name="finallyaref" /> A watan Yulin 1958 an ƙara ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin Archimandrite kuma an naɗa shi shugaban makarantar tauhidi. <ref name="finallyaref" /> == Babban Jami'in Cocin Orthodox na Rasha == [[Fayil:Митрополит_Филарет_(Денисенко).jpg|thumb|Filaret a lokacin da yake riƙe da muƙamin Metropolitan na Kyiv da Halych a shekarar 1972]] A shekarar 1960, an naɗa Filaret manajan wurin ibada na Yukren na ROC kuma ya zama shugaban cocin St. Volodymyr's Cathedral da ke Kyiv. <ref name="zbr"/> A shekarar 1961, Filaret ya yi aiki a cikin mishan na ROC zuwa ga Patriarchate na Girka na Orthodox na Alexandria . A watan Janairun 1962, an zaɓe Filaret a matsayin vicar Bishop na [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] Eparchy, kuma a watan Fabrairu, Metropolitan Pimen (wanda daga baya ya zama Patriarch na Moscow ) da sauran bishop sun naɗa shi bishop a Leningrad. An naɗa Filaret a wasu ofisoshin diflomasiyya na Cocin Orthodox na Rasha kuma daga 1962 zuwa 1964 ya yi aiki a matsayin Bishop na ROC na Vienna da Austria . <ref name="finallyaref"/> A shekarar 1964 ya koma [[Moscow]] a matsayin Bishop na Dmitrov kuma shugaban Kwalejin Tauhidi da Seminary ta Moscow. A shekarar 1966, ya zama babban bishop na [[Kiev|Kyiv]] da Halych . A wannan lokacin ya kuma zama memba na dindindin na Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, babbar ƙungiya ta kwaleji ta Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, wacce ke da alhakin zaɓar Babban Basaraken Moscow . Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Filaret ya zama Babban Birnin Kyiv da Galicia, wanda shine matsayi na biyu mafi girma a cikin tsarin cocin bayan Babban Basaraken. A matsayinsa na sabon shugaban Exarchate na Ukraine, Filaret ya gaji coci, wanda yaƙin neman zaɓen Nikita Khrushchev ya lalata sosai. Domin farfaɗo da rayuwar ruhaniya a ƙasashen Ukraine da kuma dawo da 'yancin kai na cocin gida, ya haɓaka dalilan ilimin addini da kuma buga littattafan addu'a a cikin harshen Ukraine kafin shugabancinsa a Moscow. Sakamakon shirye-shiryen Filaret, exarchate ya fara buga mujalla da littattafan addini a cikin harshen Ukraine. Babban birnin ya yi amfani da yaren Ukraine a cikin jawabinsa na Kirsimeti da Ista, kuma firistoci sun sami ilimi a cikin harshen Ukraine. Filaret ya bayyana mahimmancin wallafe-wallafen addini na harshen Ukraine tare da buƙatar rage haɗarin rabuwar masu bi na gida a Galicia da Transcarpathia daga Cocin Orthodox na Rasha da kuma sake shiga Katolika na Girka . [1] Har zuwa Oktoba 1989, Filaret har yanzu yana cewa, "Ba za a taɓa halatta Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Ƙasa a ƙasarmu ba." A ranar 3 ga Mayu 1990, Fasto Pimen na Moscow ya mutu, kuma a ranar, Filaret ya zama shugaban Cocin Orthodox na Rasha . Filaret ya sha kaye a zaben zuwa mukamin Shugaban Moscow inda ya samu kuri'u kalilan kamar yadda masu fafatawa da shi suka yi, Volodymyr Sabon babban birnin Rostov da Novocherkassk da Alexey Ridiger babban birnin Leningrad da Novgorod, wanda daga karshe ya lashe zaben. <ref name="zbr"/> A baya-bayan nan, a shekarar 2019, Filaret ta ayyana "ba wai kwatsam aka zabe ni ba. Ubangiji ya shirya ni don Ukraine". <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2019 |title=Путин жалеет, что патриархом РПЦ выбрали не меня. Филарет рассказал "тайну" |url=http://news24ua.com/putin-zhaleet-chto-patriarhom-rpc-vybrali-ne-menya-filaret-rasskazal-taynu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109011232/http://news24ua.com/putin-zhaleet-chto-patriarhom-rpc-vybrali-ne-menya-filaret-rasskazal-taynu |archive-date=9 January 2019 |access-date=9 January 2019 |website=news24ua}}</ref> A watan Yulin 1990, an zaɓi Filaret a matsayin shugaban sabuwar Cocin Orthodox na Ukraine (UOC) a matsayin wani ɓangare na ROC. <ref name="zbr"/> A ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1990, a wani biki a Cathedral na St. Sophia da ke Kyiv, sabon shugaban cocin Patriarch Alexei na II ya miƙa wa Metropolitan Filaret wani ''tomo'' wanda ke ba da "'yancin kai a cikin mulkin kai" (tomos ba su yi amfani da ɗaya daga cikin kalmomin [[Autonomy (Eastern Christianity)|"'yancin kai"]] ko " autocephaly " ba), kuma suka naɗa shi, a baya "Metropolitan na Kyiv", a matsayin "Metropolitan na Kyiv da Duk Ukraine". <ref name="finallyaref"/> A watan Nuwamba 1990, majalisar farko ta UOC ta amince da dokarta. <ref name="zbr" /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1929]] ===manazarta=== giamifxc76prrulmj2cyuzgjm32u1rq 0 147926 826696 820191 2026-04-26T16:56:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eugenia Campbell Nowlin''' ( '''wacce''' aka haifa a shekara ta 1908 - 15 ga Agusta 2003) ta kasance mai kula da fasaha ta Amurka, ma'aikaciyar gwamnati, malamar makaranta, kuma mai zane. Ta kasance shugabar shirin fasaha da fasaha na rundunar sojojin Amurka tsawon kusan shekaru 30. Nowlin ta kasance memba mai daraja na Majalisar Sana'o'in Amurka tun daga shekarar 1978. <ref>{{Cite web |title=College of Fellows |url=https://www.craftcouncil.org/programs/acc-awards/college-of-fellows |access-date=2021-12-14 |website=American Craft Council (ACC) |language=en |archive-date=2021-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214041959/https://www.craftcouncil.org/programs/acc-awards/college-of-fellows |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Nowlin a ranar 6 ga Yuni 1908 a San Luis Potosí, Mexico; mahaifinta limamin cocin Methodist ne kuma mahaifiyarta malami ce. An haife ta a Choctaw, Oklahoma da Texas. <ref name=":0" /> Nowlin ta halarci Jami'ar Southern Methodist (1929 BA a fannin zane-zane) da Jami'ar Texas Woman's University (wanda aka fi sani da Kwalejin Jihar Texas don Mata; digirin MFA na 1939). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Eugenia Nowlin - Biography |url=https://www.askart.com/artist/Eugenia_C_Nowlin/10069902/Eugenia_C_Nowlin.aspx |access-date=2021-12-14 |website=Askart.com}}</ref> Ta kasance mai zane mai rai da kuma mai ban mamaki. <ref name=":1" /> A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], ta yi aiki da American Red Cross a Turai. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=24 February 1950 |title=Boy Scouts Region Meeting Attended By Mrs. Bremer |url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/414614709/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2021-12-14 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=The Winona Daily News |page=8 |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'ar ' Yan Matan Scouts na Amurka a [[Minnesota]] . <ref name=":2" /> Nowlin ma'aikaciyar farar hula ce a sashen sojojin Amurka, wacce ta taimaka wajen kafa shirye-shiryen fasaha da nishaɗi na duniya a rassan sojoji, daga 1950 zuwa 1978. [1] [2] Ta kuma koyar da fasaha a Jami'ar George Washington da kuma a harabar tauraron dan adam ta NYU Washington, DC . [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2003]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2ue8uzlo0f0edyk3isnbghhc6i25tsa 0 148197 826744 822127 2026-04-26T19:00:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826744 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Fadzayi Mahere''' (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1985) lauya ne kuma ɗan siyasa na [[Zimbabwe]] wanda ya bar matsayin memba na majalisar dokoki na mazabar Mount Pleasant a [[Harare]] . Ta kasance Kakakin Kasa na Citizens Coalition for Change, jam'iyyar siyasa a Zimbabwe tsakanin 2022 da 2023. Bayan aiki a fannin bayar da shawarwari, ta fito ne a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2016 da farko a matsayin dan takarar majalisa mai zaman kanta, kuma ta shiga cikin zaben 2018. Koyaya, a cikin 2019 ta shiga MDC Alliance kuma daga baya ta lashe Mount Pleasant a cikin zaɓen da aka daidaita na 2023 kafin ta bar a ranar 26 ga Janairun 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndlovu |first=Mandipa |date=2019-06-20 |title=Zimbabwe: Fadzayi Mahere's move to the MDC Alliance could rejuvenate the party |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-06-21-zimbabwe-fadzayi-maheres-move-to-the-mdc-alliance-could-rejuvenate-the-party/ |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin zanga-zangar Zimbabwe ta 2016-2017, an kama ta sau da yawa. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Fadzayi Mahere ya girma a Mount Pleasant, [[Harare]], kuma ya halarci [[Makarantar Arundel]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zvorufura |first=Faith |date=1 December 2017 |title=#16DaysofActivism: Profiling Fadzai Mahere |url=http://www.263chat.com/16daysofactivism-profiling-fadzayi-mahere |website=263 Chat}}</ref> Ta shiga a shekara ta 2004 a Jami'ar Zimbabwe, inda ta sami digiri na farko na Shari'a (LLB Hons) a shekara ta 2008. A shekara ta 2010 ta shiga Jami'ar Cambridge don digiri na Master of Laws a cikin Shari'ar Laifuka ta Duniya & Shari'ar Kasuwanci ta Duniya, ta kammala a shekara ta 2011. == Ayyuka == A watan Yunin 2016, Lauyan Mahere ya shiga cikin binciken jama'a na Bankin Tsaro na Zimbabwe kan bugawa da gabatar da ƙarin bayanan jingina na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2018 |title=Citizens grill RBZ boss on bond notes |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/citizens-grill-rbz-governor-over-bond-notesthisflag-campaign-founder-pastor-evan-mawarire-with-rbz-boss-john-mangudya/ |access-date=8 January 2020 |website=www.newzimbabwe.com}}</ref> A taron, Mahere ya nuna cewa bayanan jingina ba su dace da kundin tsarin mulki ba, bisa ga Babi na 17 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, kan kudaden jama'a. Har ila yau, a cikin 2016, a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar masu fafutuka #thisflagmovement, ta fara motsawa da tattara mutane, ta amfani da manyan tashoshin kafofin watsa labarai kamar Facebook Live da Twitter don tayar da gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gukurume |first=Simbarashe |date=6 November 2017 |title=Young female political activists and the struggle for democracy in Zimbabwe |url=http://www.democracyinafrica.org/young-female-political-activists-and-the-struggle-for-democracy-in-zimbabwe/ |access-date=7 March 2018 |website=Democracy in Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 2017 ta sanar da yunkurin da ta yi na wakiltar yankin Harare na Mount Pleasant a zaben 2018 a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kansa. An kama ta a shekarar 2017 bayan ta shirya gasar kwallon kafa a mazabarta kuma an tuhume ta a karkashin Dokar Tsaro da Tsaro ta Jama'a (POSA). A watan Yunin 2019 ta shiga jam'iyyar Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) a matsayin Sakatariyar Ilimi. A watan Mayu 2020 an sanar da ita a matsayin Kakakin Kasa na hadin gwiwar MDC Alliance . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vinga |first=Alois |date=28 May 2020 |title=Chamisa appoints Mahere spokesperson in MDC mini reshuffle |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/chamisa-appoints-mahere-spokesperson-in-mdc-mini-reshuffle/ |access-date=2 July 2020 |website=NewZimbabwe.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Abubuwan da aka samu == Mahere ya kasance daga cikin tawagar Lead Counsel ([[Zimbabwe]]) wacce ta lashe gasar All Africa International Humanitarian Law Moot Court a Arusha, [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], a 2007 kuma an ba ta kyautar Mafi kyawun Magana a cikin Ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2010 |title=UZ wins 2010 Law Moot Court competition – NewsDay Zimbabwe |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2010/11/2010-11-01-uz-wins-2010-law-moot-court-competition/ |access-date=10 March 2018 |website=www.newsday.co.zw |language=en-US |archive-date=10 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310075742/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2010/11/2010-11-01-uz-wins-2010-law-moot-court-competition/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Haɗin waje == {{Reflist|30em}} * [https://twitter.com/advocatemahere Fadzayi Mahere] a Twitter == Manazarta == {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] ola1hyhp4lip7pw02cx55h6kzgndlx5 0 148266 826860 822435 2026-04-27T04:19:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 826860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Gabriela Konstancja Kulka-Stajewska''' ('''Gaba Kulka''', an haife ta a 1979 a [[Wosaa|Warsaw]], [[Poland]]) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce mai zaman kanta ta Poland, marubuciya, kuma [[Yin zane-zane|mai wasan kwaikwayo]]. == Tarihin rayuwa == Gabriela Kulka ta fito ne daga dangin mawaƙa; mahaifinta dan wasan violin ne kuma farfesa a Poland. Ta dauki shekaru takwas na darussan violin na gargajiya amma daga baya ta yi amfani da piano. Kundin sa na farko, "Tsakanin Miss Scylla da Hard Place" (2003) da "Out" (2006), an samar da su da kansu. Ta kuma ba da gudummawa ga tarin murfin "Songs for Wolf," tare da masu fasaha ciki har da Björk, Ozzy Osbourne, Neil Diamond, [[Stevie Nicks]] da The Church). A shekara ta 2009, babban lakabin Mystic Production ne ya fitar da kundi na uku, "Hat, Rabbit". Kundin ya sami matsayi na zinariya a Poland, kuma an buga waƙoƙin "Niejasności," "Kara Niny," da "Got a Song" a madadin tashoshin rediyo. A wannan shekarar, ta yi aiki tare da mawaƙin Poland Konrad Kucz a kan kundin "Sleepwalk . " == Hanyar kiɗa == A cikin shekaru bakwai na rubuce-rubuce da rikodin, Gabriela Kulka ta haɓaka salon da ya bambanta wanda ya haɗu da abubuwa na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na duhu tare da shirye-shiryen tasirin jazz da kuma jaddada waƙoƙi, waƙoƙin da ba a saba da su ba. Ayyukanta suna nuna tasirin Danny Elfman da Kate Bush, kuma suna nuna tushe na salon a cikin kiɗa na gargajiya, jazz, da al'adun gargajiya. Mawakan da ta ambata a matsayin waɗanda suka fi burge ta su ne, da farko kuma babu shakka - Kate Bush da Tori Amos, amma kuma Peter Gabriel, Kurt Weill, Danny Elfman, The Mystic Knights of the Oingo Boingo, Chroma Key, Queen, ABBA, Bruce Dickinson, Iron Maiden (waɗanda take rera waƙoƙinsu kai tsaye) da kuma [[Madonna]]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2023}}. == Bayanan da aka yi == === Kayan solo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:15em;" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Bayanan kundin ! colspan="1" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Sayarwa ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Takaddun shaida |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |POL<ref name="pol">{{Cite web |title=Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart |url=http://olis.onyx.pl/listy/index.asp?idlisty=671&lang=en |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=olis.onyx.pl}}</ref><ref name="onyx">{{Cite web |title=Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart |url=http://olis.onyx.pl/listy/index.asp?idlisty=547&lang=en |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=olis.onyx.pl}}</ref><ref name="onyx2">{{Cite web |title=Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart |url=http://olis.onyx.pl/listy/index.asp?idlisty=623&lang=en |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=olis.onyx.pl}}</ref><ref name="onyx3">{{Cite web |title=Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart |url=http://olis.onyx.pl/listy/index.asp?idlisty=510&lang=en |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=olis.onyx.pl}}</ref><ref name="onyx4">{{Cite web |title=Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart |url=http://olis.onyx.pl/listy/index.asp?idlisty=838&lang=en |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=olis.onyx.pl}}</ref><ref name="onyx5">{{Cite web |title=Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart |url=http://olis.onyx.pl/listy/index.asp?idlisty=886&lang=en |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=olis.onyx.pl}}</ref><br /> |- ! scope="row" |''Daga waje'' | * An saki shi: Nuwamba 12, 2007 <ref name="interia">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka - Out - Muzyka w Interia.pl |url=http://muzyka.interia.pl/plyty/plyta/gabriela-kulka-out,222384 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=muzyka.interia.pl}}</ref> * Alamar: Eblok * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital <ref name="apple">{{Cite web |date=October 2009 |title=Out by Gaba Kulka on iTunes |url=https://music.apple.com/pl/album/out/484061567 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=[[iTunes]]}}</ref> |47 | | |- ! scope="row" |''Hatsar, Rabbit'' | * An saki shi: Mayu 4, 2009 <ref name="interia2">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka - Hat, Rabbit - Muzyka w Interia.pl |url=http://muzyka.interia.pl/plyty/plyta/gaba-kulka-hat-rabbit,254452 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=muzyka.interia.pl}}</ref> * Alamar: Mystic Production * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital <ref name="apple2">{{Cite web |date=September 2009 |title=Hat, Rabbit by Gaba Kulka on iTunes |url=https://music.apple.com/pl/album/hat-rabbit/484052133 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=[[iTunes]]}}</ref> |7 | * POL: 15,000+ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video |url=http://www.zpav.pl/rankingi/wyroznienia/regulamin.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714000448/http://www.zpav.pl/rankingi/wyroznienia/regulamin.php |archive-date=2014-07-14 |access-date=2014-08-21}}</ref> | * POL: Zinariya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video |url=http://www.zpav.pl/rankingi/wyroznienia/zlote/index.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603082637/http://www.zpav.pl/rankingi/wyroznienia/zlote/index.php |archive-date=2013-06-03 |access-date=2014-01-08}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Wersje'' | * An saki shi: Nuwamba 4, 2013 <ref name="interia3">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka - Wersje - Muzyka w Interia.pl |url=http://muzyka.interia.pl/plyty/plyta/gaba-kulka-wersje,377383 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=muzyka.interia.pl}}</ref> * Alamar: Mystic Production * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital <ref name="apple3">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2013 |title=Wersje (Bonus Tracks) by Gaba Kulka on iTunes |url=https://music.apple.com/pl/album/wersje-bonus-tracks/727737549 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=[[iTunes]]}}</ref> |25 | | |- ! scope="row" |''Mai tserewa'' | * An saki: Satumba 8, 2014 <ref name="mystic">{{Cite web |title=Aktualności - GABA KULKA nowy album "The Escapist" już 8 września! - Wytwórnia płytowa - Mystic Production |url=http://www.mystic.pl/aktualnosci,gaba_kulka_nowy_album_the_escapist_juz_8_wrzesnia,1545.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610084458/http://www.mystic.pl/aktualnosci,gaba_kulka_nowy_album_the_escapist_juz_8_wrzesnia,1545.htm |archive-date=2016-06-10 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=mystic.pl}}</ref> * Alamar: Mystic Production * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital <ref name="apple4">{{Cite web |date=8 September 2014 |title=The Escapist by Gaba Kulka on iTunes |url=https://music.apple.com/pl/album/the-escapist/908701009 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=[[iTunes]]}}</ref> |9 | | |- ! scope="row" |''Ƙarƙashin'' | * An saki shi: Satumba 6, 2016 * Alamar: Mystic Production * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital | - | | |- | colspan="20" style="font-size:90%" |" - " yana nuna rikodin da ba a tsara shi ba ko kuma ba a saki shi a wannan yankin ba. |} === Kayan haɗin gwiwa === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Bayanan kundin ! colspan="1" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |POL <ref name="pol"/><br /> |- ! scope="row" |Sleepwalk (tare da Konrad Kucz) | * An saki shi: 26 ga Oktoba, 2009 <ref name="interia4">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka - Sleepwalk - Muzyka w Interia.pl |url=http://muzyka.interia.pl/plyty/plyta/kuczkulka-sleepwalk,262761 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=muzyka.interia.pl}}</ref> * Alamar: Jazzboy Records * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital <ref>{{Cite web |title=ITunes - Music - Sleepwalk by Kucz/Kulka |url=https://itunes.apple.com/pl/album/sleepwalk/id579365917 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916193952/https://itunes.apple.com/pl/album/sleepwalk/id579365917 |archive-date=2014-09-16 |access-date=2014-08-26 |website=[[iTunes]]}}</ref> |11 |- ! scope="row" |''Rebeka ya yi tafiya a cikin kolację''<br /> (tare da Młynarski Plays Młynski) | * An saki shi: Oktoba 10, 2010 * Alamar: Mystic Production * Tsarin: CD |14 |- ! scope="row" |''Baaba Kulka'' (tare da Baaba) | * An saki shi: Maris 21, 2011 <ref name="interia5">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka - Baaba Kulka - Muzyka w Interia.pl |url=http://muzyka.interia.pl/plyty/plyta/baaba-kulka-baaba-kulka,296511 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=muzyka.interia.pl}}</ref> * Alamar: Mystic Production * Tsarin: CD |14 |- | colspan="20" style="font-size:90%" |" - " yana nuna rikodin da ba a tsara shi ba ko kuma ba a saki shi a wannan yankin ba. |} === Kayan bidiyo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:15em;" |Taken ! scope="col" |Bayanan kundin |- ! scope="row" |''Rabbit mai rai'' | * An saki shi: 26 ga Nuwamba, 2010 <ref name="interia6">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka koncertowo: Wzloty i upadki na DVD - muzyka.interia.pl |url=http://muzyka.interia.pl/wiadomosci/alternatywa/news/gaba-kulka-koncertowo-wzloty-i-upadki-na-dvd,1555200,45 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712015005/http://muzyka.interia.pl/wiadomosci/alternatywa/news/gaba-kulka-koncertowo-wzloty-i-upadki-na-dvd,1555200,45 |archive-date=2012-07-12 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=muzyka.interia.pl}}</ref> * Alamar: Mystic Production * Tsarin: DVD |- |} === Bidiyo na kiɗa === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Jagora !Album !Tabbacin. |- | rowspan="2" |2009 |"Niejasności" |{{Center|—}} |''Hatsar, Rabbit'' |<ref name="youtube">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka &quot;Niejasności&quot; - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRwNkrUCcvo |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106030738/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRwNkrUCcvo |archive-date=2016-01-06 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=youtube.com }}</ref> |- |"Ka sami Waƙar" (tare da Konrad Kucz) |Filip Kovcin |''Gudun Barci'' |<ref name="youtube2">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka i Konrad Kucz - Kucz/Kulka &quot;Got a Song&quot; (oficjalny teledysk) - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpgdJCDaX2Y |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/xpgdJCDaX2Y |archive-date=2021-12-14 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=youtube.com}}</ref> |- |2014 |"Wielkie ta rufe" |Hemmingsen mai hauka |''Mai tserewa'' |<ref name="youtube3">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka - Wielkie Wrażenie - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fk4RgHmTFwQ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/Fk4RgHmTFwQ |archive-date=2021-12-14 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=youtube.com}}</ref> |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] s1ry0ayk1855n8ijwoofeofwmmnh299 0 148526 826723 825914 2026-04-26T17:58:14Z Lawan Bala 15944 /* Rayuwa ta farko */ 826723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Tan Sri '''Abdul Samad bin Ismail''' (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Afrilu 1924 - 4 ga Satumba 2008), wanda sau da yawa ake kira '''Pak Samad''', ɗan jaridar Malaysia ne, marubuci kuma edita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Cruz |first=Frankie |date=2024-04-15 |title=Pak Samad – the fearless newsman who lit up journalism and politics |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2024/04/15/pak-samad-the-fearless-newsman-who-lit-up-journalism-and-politics/ |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT |language=en}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa jam'iyyar People's Action Party a Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vengadesan |first=Martin |date=2024-04-18 |title=Remembering Samad Ismail, a thwarted intellectual and political prisoner |url=https://m.malaysiakini.com/news/702772 |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=Malaysiakini}}</ref>{{Spaced en dash}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Samad a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1924, a Singapore ga iyayen baƙi na Javanese, <ref> name="Magsaysay">{{Cite web |title=1994 Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts – Abdul Samad Ismail |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographySamadIsmailAbd.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611045533/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographySamadIsmailAbd.htm |archive-date=11 June 2011 |access-date=20 March 2011}}</ref> inda ya kuma halarci Makarantar Victoria. Ya kammala takardar shaidar Cambridge a matsayin jarida a jaridar yau da kullun, Utusan Melayu, inda ya fara aikinsa a aikin jarida a shekara ta 1940.<ref name="star" /> Iyalin Samad suna da "sanin gaske" game da al'adun Javanese, kuma Samad da kansa yana magana da Turanci tare da harshen Javanese mai zurfi. == Ayyuka == A lokacin da Japan ta mamaye Malaya a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Samad ya yi aiki a jaridar da Japan ke tallafawa, ''Berita Malai'' . Ya zama editan ''Berita Malai'' lokacin da yake dan shekara 21 kawai.<ref name="star" /> Birtaniya, wadanda suka mallaki Malaysia a lokacin mulkin mallaka, sun dawo bayan da aka ci Japan kuma sun ɗaure Samad a takaice.<ref name="star" /> An sake shi bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma ya koma aiki a Utusan Melayu . <ref name="star" /> Samad ya rubuta da yawa don tallafawa 'yancin Malaysia daga Ƙasar Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Cruz |first=Frankie |date=2024-04-17 |title=News icon who was a mentor and tormentor |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2024/04/18/news-icon-who-was-a-mentor-and-tormentor/ |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT |language=en}}</ref> Sau da yawa yakan sadu da magoya bayan 'yancin kai na Malay, da kuma masu rabuwa da ke adawa da mulkin Dutch a kusa da [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]]. Saboda ayyukansa, hukumomin Burtaniya sun sake kama Samad a shekarar 1951. <ref name="star" /> An sake shi daga kurkuku a shekara ta 1953 kuma ya sake komawa aiki a Utusan Melayu . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vengadesan |first=Martin |date=2021-09-23 |title=Syed Husin remembers #2: Konfrontasi and the early days of Malaysia |url=https://m.malaysiakini.com/news/592475 |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=Malaysiakini}}</ref> Samad ya kafa Jam'iyyar People's Action Party (PAP) tare da Lee Kuan Yew, Firayim Minista na gaba na Singapore. Koyaya, rashin jituwa tsakanin Samad da Lee da Utusan Melayu ya haifar da ƙaura zuwa birnin [[Kuala Lumpur]]. Yayinda yake a Kuala Lumpur, Samad ya zama shugaban jaridar ''Berita Harian'' kuma manajan editan kungiyar New Straits Times Press (NSTP). <ref name="star" /> Samad ya inganta dalilai da yawa na zamantakewa a cikin rubuce-rubucensa a Malaysia bayan samun 'yancin kai. Ya ja hankalin mutane ga rashin daidaito na zamantakewa a cikin al'ummar Malaysia, ya yi kira ga daidaitaccen [[Harshen Malay]] na ƙasa kuma ya ba da rahoto game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin kabilanci da siyasar Malaysia. Don rubuce-rubucensa game da batutuwan zamantakewa, waɗanda suka shahara tare da jama'a, an kama Samad a 1976 a ƙarƙashin Dokar Tsaro ta Cikin Gida. Daga karshe an sake shi daga kurkuku bayan shekaru biyar a 1981 a karkashin sabon Firayim Minista [[Mahathir Mohamad]] . <ref name="star" /> Samad ya koma kungiyar New Straits Times Press bayan da aka sake shi daga kurkuku a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga edita. Ya yi ritaya daga aikin jarida na cikakken lokaci a shekarar 1988. == Kyaututtuka == Sarki na Malaysia, wanda a lokacin Sultan Azlan Shah na Perak ne ya girmama shi saboda gudummawarsa a shekarar 1992. Samad kuma ya karbi Pejuang Sastera (Champion na Littattafai) don adabi da aikin jarida. An kuma ba shi lambar yabo ta Ramon Magsaysay don aikin jarida, wallafe-wallafen da fasaha na sadarwa a shekarar 1994 saboda kokarin da ya yi na tallafawa 'yancin Malaysia, gina dimokuradiyya da farfado da al'adun Malay a Malaysia. <ref name="Magsaysay">{{Cite web |title=1994 Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts – Abdul Samad Ismail |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographySamadIsmailAbd.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611045533/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographySamadIsmailAbd.htm |archive-date=11 June 2011 |access-date=20 March 2011}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110611045533/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographySamadIsmailAbd.htm "1994 Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts – Abdul Samad Ismail"]. Archived from [http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographySamadIsmailAbd.htm the original] on 11 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> == Mutuwa == Samad ya mutu a yammacin 4 ga Satumba 2008, a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Pantai a Kuala Lumpur . Ya mutu daga mummunar kamuwa da cutar huhu da gazawar koda yana da shekaru 84. Kafin wannan, an kwantar da shi a asibiti a cikin sashin kulawa mai tsanani tun daga 24 ga watan Agusta 2008, saboda matsalolin numfashi. Lee Kuan Yew ya aika da ta'aziyya ga ɗan Samad, yana kwatanta shi da mai iyawa da basira duk da cewa yana da ikon yarda da abubuwan da suka canza. A cikin wasikar ta'aziyya, Lee ya ce su abokai ne duk da cewa sun rabu da kamfanin a siyasa. Lokacin da Samad ya so ya ziyarci iyalinsa a Singapore, Lee ya ba da shawarar cewa a ɗaga haramcin shiga Samad.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Lee Kuan Yew and dad never spoke again' [NSTTV] {{!}} New Straits Times |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2024/04/1038474/lee-kuan-yew-and-dad-never-spoke-again-nsttv |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=www.nst.com.my}}</ref> Samad ya bar 'ya'yansa (wanda ya haifa tare da matarsa ta farko, Hamidah Hassan), da jikokin sa da jikokin jikoki. Ya haifi 'ya'ya goma a lokacin rayuwarsa, takwas daga cikinsu har yanzu suna da rai. Yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Hamed da Kamal, da' ya'ya mata shida Maria, Norlin, Nuraina, Norazah, Nurazlin da Nurazrina. Nuraina tsohuwar 'yar jarida ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin tsohon manajan edita a New Straits Times . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Razak |first=Aidila |date=2012-03-29 |title='This is the communist's daughter!' |url=https://m.malaysiakini.com/news/193472 |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Malaysiakini}}</ref> Matar Samad ta farko, Hamidah Hassan, ta mutu a shekarar 1990. An binne shi a makabartar musulmi a Bukit Kiara, inda aka binne Hamidah. == Daraja == === Darajar Malaysia === * {{Flagu|Malaysia}} ** Kwamandan Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) - '''Tan Sri''' (1992) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Semakan Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat |url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/}}</ref>[[Fayil:Order_of_Loyalty_to_the_Crown_of_Malaysia_-_PSM.svg|50x50px]] == Dubi kuma == * Kafofin yada labarai a Malaysia * Abdul Rahim Kajai * A. Samad ya ce * Aziz Ishak * [[Ishak Haji Muhammad]] * Ya ce Zahari * Usman Awang * Yusof Ishak == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1924]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 55flhqi6p1s579w454bn5638u7a0bm1 0 148585 826671 826635 2026-04-26T15:29:24Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Labari */ 826671 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''''Porcelain War''''' (Yukren: «Порцелянова війна», rumanci: Portselianova viyna) fim ne na gaskiya na 2024 wanda Brendan Bellomo da Slava Leontyev suka bada umurni. Fim din ya lashe lamban yabo na Sundance Festival Grand Jury Prize na 2024 kuma ya bibiyi abubuwan da masu fasahar kasar Yukren ke fuskanta a yayin mamayewar da Rasha ta ke yiwa Yukren a yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fienberg |first=Daniel |date=2024-01-27 |title='Porcelain War' Review: Intimate Reflection on Making Art in Wartime Ukraine Is Beautiful but Frustrating |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/porcelain-war-review-ukraine-1235808683/ |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-26 |title=Sundance's top prizes go to 'In the Summers' and 'Porcelain War' |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2024-01-26/sundance-2024-top-prizes-in-the-summers-porcelain-war |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-26 |title='In the Summers' and 'Porcelain War' win top prizes at Sundance Film Festival |url=https://apnews.com/article/sundance-film-festival-2024-awards-10e1779991f77586267d6882dd1b19c9 |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> Shirin ya fara fitowa a fadin duniya a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2024, inda ya lashe kyautar Grand Jury na gasar cin kyautar fina-finan gaskiya na Amurka. A bikin kyautar yabo na 97th Academy an zabe shi a matsayin Fim din gaskiya na musamman <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Roka |first=Les |date=24 January 2024 |orig-date=January 24, 2024 |title=Sundance 2024: Porcelain War is extraordinary testament in new frame of documentary filmmaking about war combat, indispensable presence of art |url=https://www.theutahreview.com/sundance-2024-porcelain-war-is-extraordinary-testament-in-new-frame-of-documentary-filmmaking-about-war-combat-indispensable-presence-of-art/ |website=The Utah Review}}</ref> == Labari == Yakin Porcelain ya bada labarin Slava Leontyev, Anya Stasenko, da Andrey Stefanov a lokacin yakin a Yukren. Dukansu sun shiga aikin soja na Yukren, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Roka |first=Les |date=24 January 2024 |orig-date=January 24, 2024 |title=Sundance 2024: Porcelain War is extraordinary testament in new frame of documentary filmmaking about war combat, indispensable presence of art |url=https://www.theutahreview.com/sundance-2024-porcelain-war-is-extraordinary-testament-in-new-frame-of-documentary-filmmaking-about-war-combat-indispensable-presence-of-art/ |website=The Utah Review}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRoka2024">Roka, Les (24 January 2024) [January 24, 2024]. </cite></ref> kuma Slava yana aiki a matsayin mai horar da harbin bindiga. Ko da yake yakin yana ci gaba, Slava da Anya sun kirkiro siffofi na porcelain don turjiya ga yakin. Fim din ya jaddada manufar fasaha a lokacin rikici da kuma soyayya ga kasa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Small |first=Courtney |date=2024-01-23 |title=Porcelain War Review: The Fragile Nature of Conflict |url=https://povmagazine.com/porcelain-war-review-the-fragile-nature-of-conflict/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=POV Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Sautin fim din ya ƙunshi kiɗa ta ƙungiyar Ukrainian Folk / ethno-chaos DakhaBrakha wanda ya ba da cikakken faifan su don fim ɗin tare da wani sashin sunyi wasa na kai tsaye a yayin daukan fim din. Daukan fim din ''Yakin Porcelain'' sun haɗa da kasashen Yukren da kuma rushe-rushe da makamai masu linzami suka haifar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Roka |first=Les |date=24 January 2024 |orig-date=January 24, 2024 |title=Sundance 2024: Porcelain War is extraordinary testament in new frame of documentary filmmaking about war combat, indispensable presence of art |url=https://www.theutahreview.com/sundance-2024-porcelain-war-is-extraordinary-testament-in-new-frame-of-documentary-filmmaking-about-war-combat-indispensable-presence-of-art/ |website=The Utah Review}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRoka2024">Roka, Les (24 January 2024) [January 24, 2024]. </cite></ref> ==Saki== == References == k1mwrn4hbhfa710bkwe1rj4zf5qbfbo 0 148586 826645 2026-04-26T12:23:17Z Tiger Shankar 44326 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351080617|Ghatak (2006 film)]]" 826645 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Ghatak''''' fim ne na siyasa na [[Indiya]] da aka yi a shekarar 2006 wanda Swapan Saha ya jagoranta. Nispal Singh ne ya shirya shi a ƙarƙashin tutar Surinder Films, fim ɗin ya fito a matsayin jarumi, tare da Tapas Paul, Anamika Saha, Rajatava Dutta, Shankar Chakroborty, Rajesh Sharma da Sumit Ganguly a wasu muhimman ayyuka. Wannan ya biyo bayan rikidewar wani marar laifi zuwa mutum mai ɗaukar fansa bayan kisan gillar da aka yi wa ɗan'uwansa saboda ya shaida kisan gillar da 'yan daba na siyasa suka yi masa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-01-17 |title=Koel-Jeet chemistry |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/koel-jeet-chemistry/cid/460053 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425055752/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/koel-jeet-chemistry/cid/460053 |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> An fitar da ''Ghatak'' a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2006. Ya sami amsa mai kyau, musamman masu suka sun yi sharhi kan jigon fim ɗin, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, waƙoƙin sauti da kuma fim ɗin sinima. Duk da cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Bengali mafi tsada a shekara, fim ɗin ya yi nasara kaɗan a ofishin talla, inda ya sami sama da ₹32.7 crores. Ghatak ya girma ya zama fim mai ƙarfi na addini tsawon shekaru, inda aka yaba wa rawar da Jeet ya taka a matsayin mai fafutukar aikata laifuka.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-11 |title=Jeet, Koel share the secret of their chemistry |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeet-koel-share-the-secret-of-their-chemistry/articleshow/11302168.cms#:~:text=You%20can%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD,s%20a%20sweetness%20about%20their%20jodi. |access-date=2026-04-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> == Makirci == Fim ɗin ya fara ne da kisan gilla da dama da aka yi a tituna da kasuwannin Kolkata, inda aka bayyana cewa duk waɗanda abin ya shafa 'yan iska ne. Sai DSP Ranabir Roy, babban jami'in 'yan sanda na yankin, ya kama mai kisan kai da hannu biyu. Yayin da yake yi wa Bijoy mai ɗaukar fansa tambayoyi, mutumin da ke da hannu a kisan gillar da aka yi a kan titunan jama'a a cikin dare, Ranabir ya yi masa magana a kai a matsayin "mai laifi"; wannan ya sa Bijoy ya fusata ya fara bayyana yanayin da ya haifar da mummunan ƙaddararsa. Fim ɗin ya koma wani sabon salo, lokacin da Bijoy ya zo Kolkata don ya sa ƙaninsa Raju ya yi karatu. Da suka isa yankin Uttarpara da ke Kolkata, sai suka ga babban hayaniyar siyasa da jefa bam ba tare da wani dalili ba da ke faruwa a wurin. Sun firgita sosai lokacin da suka ga Bablu Koley, ɗan ta'adda na yankin kuma shugaban jam'iyyar adawa mai tasowa, yana kashe wani mai wucewa a bainar jama'a da kuma tsohon mai taimaka masa a tsakiyar taron jama'a. Duk da haka, lokacin da 'yan sanda suka isa wurin, sai suka haɗa mutane da yawa da ke tsaye a wurin - ciki har da Bijoy da Raju a cikin wata mota suka yi awon gaba da su a matsayin masu tayar da zaune tsaye, duk da sanin hannun Bablu a kisan. A halin yanzu, Satyabrata Roy, sanannen lauya na Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, ya isa can; kallonsa kawai ya isa ya sa jinin ɗan sanda mai cin hanci, Basak, ya yi sanyi. Satyabrata ya ba Bijoy da Raju mafaka a gidansa. Yayin da yake zaune a can, Bijoy ya fara aiki a matsayin direban tasi don hidimar ajiyar wuri. Puja, 'yar Satyabrata kuma malamar makaranta, ta shirya shigar Raju makarantarta. Ba da daɗewa ba suka canza salon rayuwarsu suka zama mazauna birni. A hankali, dangantaka ta fara bunƙasa tsakanin Bijoy da Puja. Duk da haka, Bindu Mashi, ɗan takarar jam'iyya mai mulki, wanda ya fi Bablu tsõro a yankin, ta ga kanta a cikin rikici da Satyabrata. Mashi ta yi tawali'u ta roƙi Satyabrata da ta janye ƙarar da aka shigar a kanta; duk da haka, a matsayinta na lauya mai himma, Satyabrata ta ƙi yin hakan. Sakamakon haka, Mashi ya kashe shi, wani abu da Raju ya shaida ta hanyar haɗuwa. Mashi ya aika mutane su kashe Raju; a halin yanzu, Bablu shi ma ya aika da mutanensa don su kama Raju, yana nufin amfani da shi a matsayin shaidarsa kawai - katinsa na ban mamaki, don shigar da ƙara a kan Mashi ga Hukumar Zaɓe. A halin yanzu, yana bin shawarar Puja da mahaifiyarta bazawara, Bijoy ya yanke shawarar mayar da Raju ƙauyensu. A tashar jirgin ƙasa, an yi faɗa da bindiga da kuma faɗa da makamai tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu masu hamayya da ke fafutukar kama Raju; A tsakiyar rudanin, ɗaya daga cikin mayaƙan Masi ya yi wa jikin Raju tambayoyi da harsasai. Da jin waɗannan kalaman daga Bijoy, Ranbir ya ƙara masa kwarin gwiwa, yana mai cewa mai kisan kai ne kawai zai iya kawar da waɗannan maƙiyan al'umma; in ba haka ba, yara da yawa kamar Raju za su faɗa hannunsu. Ya saki Bijoy, yana yi masa gargaɗi cewa idan ya yi niyyar kashe wani a nan gaba, dole ne ya tabbatar an kammala aikin sosai; domin, mutane biyu daga cikin mutanen da Bijoy ya kai wa hari a baya suna da rai kuma Ranabir ya kawar da su daga baya a wani fafatawa. Ana iya ganin babban hamayya da ke tattare da yakin neman zaben Majalisar da ke tafe tsakanin Bablu da Mashi. Bablu, wanda ya taɓa kashe mijin Mashi, ya yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da ikonsa a yankinta; duk da cewa yana gab da cimma burinsa, a ƙarshe ya gaza yin nasara. Binoy Samanta, wani minista mai cin hanci da rashawa yana goyon bayansu kuma yana ba su dukkansu don amfanin kansa. Kullum yana yawo tare da Bablu a lokacin gangamin kamfen; duk da haka, gaskiyar cewa bai isa ya shiga kamfen ɗin Mashi ya bar mata tunani mai zurfi. Yayin da take yaƙin neman zaɓe, Mashi ta yi wa Puja barazana a hankali, tana gargadin cewa ba za a jefa ƙuri'a ɗaya daga yankinsu ga 'yan adawa ba; in ba haka ba, tabbas za ta yi alƙawarin ɗaukar fansa da zarar an kammala zaɓen. Duk da cewa ta nuna halin ladabi da ladabi tana mu'amala da jama'a a lokacin kamfen da gangamin, kowa ya san ainihin halinta; amma saboda tsoron ɗan'uwanta da kuma Munna, mai ƙarfi a yankin, babu wanda ya isa ya yi magana. Duk da cewa Ranabir yana kan aiki a ranar zaɓe, bayan ya sami rahotannin tashin hankali a rumfar zaɓe a yankin Dakshinpara, ya bar Basak a matsayin mai kula da muƙaminsu na yanzu ya tafi don ya magance lamarin a can. Bayan Basak ya tura Munna da gungunsa suka shiga rumfar, suka fara shirya makirci a madadin Mashi, suka kuma kori mutane ta hanyar yi musu barazana da bindiga. Duk da samun rahotanni daga kowa game da waɗannan abubuwan, Basak ta yi shiru gaba ɗaya game da lamarin. A halin yanzu, lokacin da Puja ta shiga rumfar, Munna ta ba ta izinin shiga ta kuma ba ta damar kada kuri'arta ba tare da wata matsala ba. Duk da haka, lokacin da Puja ta ƙi zaɓar Bindu Mashi, Munna ta kwace mayafinta ta yi ƙoƙarin lalata da ita a can. A lokacin faɗan da ya biyo baya, Puja ta sami rauni a leɓenta wanda ya jawo jini; yayin da ta gudu daga wurin, Munna ta saki mayafinsa don su bi ta. A daidai lokacin, Bijoy ya isa wurin ya fara dukan Munna ba tare da tausayi ba, tare da duk mayafinsa - a cikin cibiyar zaɓe. Basak ya ɗaga bindigarsa don ya tsayar da shi, amma Bijoy ya ci gaba da dukansa saboda rashin ɗaukar mataki kan zaɓen da aka yi da magudi da kuma yi wa Munna ihu. Lokacin da Ranbir ya isa wurin, Bijoy ya ba shi labarin dukkan abubuwan da suka faru. Ya tattara jini daga raunin da ke goshin Basak a babban yatsansa, Bijoy ya danna babban yatsa a kan takardar da babu komai, yana zama shaida kan sammacin kama Munna da abokan aikinsa, sannan ya miƙa wa Ranabir, yana umartarsa ​​da ya rubuta rubutun da ke tare da shi bisa ga tsari na yau da kullun; sannan, ya ɗauki mayafin Puja, ya jefa ƙuri'arsa ya fita daga harabar. Cikin fushi, Bindu Mashi ya yi gaggawar zuwa ofishin 'yan sanda ya fara yi wa Ranabir barazana, yana neman a sake shi; duk da haka, daga ƙarshe an tilasta mata ja da baya, sakamakon jajircewarsa da taurin kai. Bayan ɗan lokaci, ta hanyar yaɗa jita-jita ta ƙarya game da tarzoma a cikin unguwar talakawa ta Uttarpara, ta haka ta yaudari Ranabir da sauran jami'an su bar ofishin, ta aika da wasu mutane don su fitar da Munna. Da suka shiga ofishin, mutanenta suka kai wa 'yan sanda hari da sauran jami'an a yunƙurin kama Munna. A halin yanzu, da suka isa gidan talakawa kuma ba su ga wata alamar wata matsala ba, Ranabir ya fahimci ainihin maƙarƙashiyar; yana tsoron tserewar Munna, sai ya yi sauri ya koma ofishin ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. Yayin da ya shiga harabar, ganin jami'an da suka ji rauni suna ƙarya ya tabbatar da zarginsa; duk da haka, ya yi mamakin ganin Bijoy zaune a gaban makullin da makullan a hannu, kuma ya gano cewa - wasu 'yan daba ashirin sun haɗu da su a ciki tare da Munna da abokansa. Da wannan shirin nata ya lalace, Mashi ta cika da fushi. Bayan wannan lamarin, Bijoy ta afka cikin maɓoyarta, kuma ta yi mata kallon barazana: kamar yadda suka haɗu don kashe Raju, zai kashe su ta wannan hanyar. Bayan fafatawarsa da Mashi, Bijoy ya sami suna a yankin. Ya yi abota da Baba Sheikh, wanda a da ya kasance jarumin Musulmi na yankin. Baba ma ya yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ƙarfinsa da Bijoy a wani lokaci, amma daga baya ya haɗa kai da shi a rikicin da ya biyo baya maimakon yin amfani da ikonsa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, bayan Bijoy ya ba da jininsa ga ɗan Baba wanda ya ji rauni a wani rikici. A halin yanzu, Bablu ya tunkare shi ta hanyar ba shi kuɗi mai yawa don ya yi masa aiki; duk da haka, Bijoy ya yi masa irin wannan barazanar. Bablu ya yi mamakin wannan kuma, cikin fushi, ya umurci Samanta da ta ɗauki mataki a kansa. Saboda haka, Bablu da Mashi sun haɗu don kawar da Bijoy. Da yake amfani da damar da ya samu a harkar siyasa tsawon shekaru da yawa, wanda ya kare sunansa daga kowace aibi, Samanta ya aika da mutane su kira Bijoy, yana tabbatar masa da cewa zai nemi afuwa kan ayyukan Munna marasa kyau. Da fatan samun adalci mai kyau game da kisan Raju da kuma ganin an ɗauki matakai masu tsauri don dakile wannan mulkin ta'addanci, Bijoy ya tafi gidan Samanta. Duk da haka, Samanta ya bayyana ainihin launinsa kuma ya nemi takardar yatsan Bijoy ta janye shari'ar da ake yi wa Munna. Lokacin da Bijoy ya ƙi bin umarnin, wasu gungun 'yan daba suka shigo suka afka masa. Mashi ya sa shi suma ta hanyar dukansa a bayan kansa da fitilar tagulla, yayin da Bablu ya ci gaba da samun sawun yatsun hannunsa da ƙarfi. Da wannan takardar beli, ta je ofishin 'yan sanda don tabbatar da sakin Munna; duk da haka, cikin fushi, Ranabir ya zaro bindigarsa ya nufi wurinta. A daidai lokacin, Samanta ta bayyana tare da lauyansa kuma ta kore shi daga rundunar tana zarginsa da kai hari kan wata mata a cikin ofishin 'yan sanda. A halin yanzu, Bablu ya jefa Bijoy cikin wani rami a kan titi zuwa wani wuri da ke nesa da Kolkata, wanda hakan ya sa bai iya komawa baya ba. Baba da Puja sun gaji da neman Bijoy a wurare daban-daban. Wata rana, wani yaro ya hango Bijoy a cikin ramin ta cikin wani rami a cikin rufin; ya tara jama'a suka fito da shi tare. Don kai shi asibiti, mutane suka nuna motar da ke wucewa, wacce Baba ke zaune a ciki. Ya kai Bijoy asibiti a asirce, inda Baba ya warke a hankali sannan ya auri Puja. A halin yanzu, Bablu ya lashe zaben fidda gwani kuma aka shirya babban gangamin jama'a don taya shi murna. Ba zato ba tsammani, bayan ya fito daga tsakiyar taron, Bijoy ya taka kan dandamali. Samanta mai tsoro ta yi ihu, kuma nan da nan rundunar 'yan sanda ta harba bindigarsu kan Bijoy. A daidai lokacin, ya cire wani mayafi na bikin daga ƙarƙashin rigarsa, ya sanya shi a wuyan mutane uku, kuma ya yi alƙawarin zai fara kamfen ɗinsa na hallaka abokan gabansa ta hanyar fara da Bablu. Daga nan ya ɓace daga wurin a tsakiyar ihun nasara. Da daddare, yayin da yake komawa gida da motarsa ​​tare da direba kawai, wani Bablu mai maye ya yi watsi da masu tsaron lafiyarsa tare da shi. Ba zato ba tsammani, ya lura cewa Baba yana zaune a kujerar direba. Ya tsayar da motar a gaban wani gini na kamfanin gine-gine na Bablu. Cikin tsoro, Bablu ya gudu daga motar, ya shiga ginin ya ga Bijoy yana kusanto shi da bindiga a hannu, kamar allahn mutuwa, a cikin duhu. Bijoy ya harbi Bablu, wanda ya faɗo daga saman bene na tara. Kisansa ya haifar da firgici a duk yankin. Samanta da Mashi duka sun yi taka tsantsan sosai. Mashi ta ƙirƙiro sabuwar dabarar da za ta kawar da Bijoy: ta yi kama da ma'aikaciyar jinya, ta sace Puja mai ciki daga lif ɗin asibiti. Duk da haka, lokacin da ƙofofin lif suka buɗe, Mashi ta kama shi ba tare da an sani ba - Bijoy yana tsaye a wurin da wuka a makogwaron Munna. Ba tare da wani zaɓi ba, ta saki Puja. Puja ba ta gamsu da ayyukan Bijoy ba, domin tana jin hakan zai iya cutar da shi da iyalinsa. Amma Bijoy ba ta kula da komai ba. Wata rana da yamma, da bindiga a hannunsa, ya bi Munna ya harbe shi a tsakiyar kasuwa mai cike da jama'a a gaban kowa. Bayan tashin ramuwar gayya, Mashi ya kai hari gidan Bijoy yana jin haushin mutuwar Munna. Lokacin da Bijoy ya fitar da Puja don duba lafiyarsa, Mashi ya yi garkuwa da surukarsa. Bayan ɗan lokaci, bayan dawowarsa ya buga ƙararrawar ƙofar, mutanen Mashi suka bi Puja yayin da suka buɗe ƙofar. A halin yanzu, Bijoy ya yi sauri ya koma ya bi shi. Duk da haka, 'yan daba sun sake samun nasara a hannun Vijay. Bayan ya kammala cewa cin zarafin Mashi shine kawai mafita mai kyau, Bijoy ya shiga ofishin Samanta wata rana; yana yi masa barazana da bindiga, ya umarce shi da ya yi abin da ya ga dama. Daga baya Samanta ya kira wani babban taron manema labarai a gidan gonarsa, yana sanar da niyyarsa ta kawo ƙarshen mulkin mafia na birnin—wani kamfen da ya ayyana zai fara da Mashi. Samanta, wanda tsoronsa kawai ya jawo, ya bayyana Masi a bainar jama'a a matsayin "mai iko" da ke da alhakin laifuka da dama: kisan gillar Satyabrata da Raju, ɓacewar Bablu, har ma da yunƙurin kashe matar Bijoy a kan ababen hawa. A cikin yunƙurinsa na kare mutuncin kansa na jama'a, Samanta yana shirin tserewa zuwa Delhi da wani fayil da ke bayyana duk ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa na Bindu Mashi. A halin yanzu, yana riƙe da aska a makogwaronsa, Baba ya tilasta masa ya ba Mashi ƙarya da aka riga aka tsara, yana ɓatar da ita ta yarda cewa Samanta ya matsa wa 'yan sanda su ba ta umarni "harbi a kan idonta". Bayan hakan ya sa Mashi ya mamaye gidan Samanta ya kashe shi da mugun nufi kafin ya tsere. A kan hanyarsu ta dawowa, yayin da suke wucewa wurin kone gawarwaki, wasu gungun 'yan wasan dhol suka toshe hanyar motar Mashi ba zato ba tsammani. An bayyana cewa shugabansu Ranabir ne, wanda ke magana da salon barkwanci, ya sanar da cewa bayan ya bar aikin 'yan sanda, yanzu ya fara sabuwar sana'a: duk lokacin da ya sami labarin mutuwar wani, sai ya yi gaggawar zuwa wurin da 'yan wasan dhol da cymbal. Mashi ta firgita sosai lokacin da ta ga Bijoy tana fitowa daga inuwa. Yana tafiya zuwa ga salon ganguna, sai ya ɗaga shi da kansa ya buge taron 'yan daba a ƙasa, yana murkushe su sosai. Mashi, yana nuna halin rashin hankali, ya yi masa tsawa; duk da haka, Bijoy ya yi ta dukanta da bulala akai-akai. Mashi ta samu 'yancinta da ƙarfi, ta yi ƙoƙarin bi ta da motarta; amma Bijoy ta yi tsalle sama a daidai lokacin da motar Mashi ta yi karo da transformer kuma ta fashe. Sai Bijoy ya yi wa Ranabir bayani, yana furta niyyarsa ta barin birnin domin kada ɗansa ya girma a tsakiyar mummunan ta'addancin da ke addabar wurin. Duk da haka, Puja da Baba suka isa wurin suka roƙe shi kada ya bar birnin, suna roƙonsa ya zauna don tunawa da Raju. A cikin tunaninsa, Bijoy ya ji muryar Raju tana tabbatar masa cewa zai ci gaba da rayuwa a cikinsu har abada. == Masu ba da labari == * Jeet a matsayin Bijoy * Koel Mallick a matsayin Puja, malamin makaranta kuma matar Bijoy * Anshu Bach (wanda aka ba da izini a matsayin Master Anshu) a matsayin Raju, ɗan'uwan Bijoy * Tapas Paul a matsayin DSP Ranabir Roy * Anamika Saha a matsayin Bindu Mashi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Sneha |date=2023-11-05 |title=‘চড় খেয়েছি, পায়ে পড়েছি’, বৃদ্ধ হতেই আজ মুখ ফিরিয়ে নিয়েছে টলিউড! মুখ খুললেন ‘বিন্দু মাসি’ অনামিকা |url=https://bongtrend.com/veteran-tollywood-actress-anamika-saha-unknown-story-sp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260424063129/https://bongtrend.com/veteran-tollywood-actress-anamika-saha-unknown-story-sp |archive-date=2026-04-24 |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=Bong Trend |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-11-06 |title=4 more such Tolly - Blockbusters could be made with Saawariya's promo budget |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/4-more-such-tolly-blockbusters-could-be-made-with-saawariya-s-promo-budget/cid/1553540 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425053336/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/4-more-such-tolly-blockbusters-could-be-made-with-saawariya-s-promo-budget/cid/1553540 |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> * Rajatava Dutta a matsayin Binoy Samanta, babban dan siyasa * Shankar Chakroborty a matsayin Bablu Koley, adawar Bindu Mashi * Rajesh Sharma a matsayin Baba Sheikh * Sumit Ganguly a matsayin Munna, ɗan'uwan Mashi * Boshishattwa Majumder a matsayin Adv. Satyabrata Roy, lauya ne na hukumar kare hakkin dan adam kuma mahaifin Puja * Santana Basu a matsayin matar Satyabrata * Mrityun Hazra a matsayin SI Basak * Ashok Mukherjee a matsayin shugaban<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-06-04 |title=Film biz is threat-free if you understand it well: Jeet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/film-biz-is-threat-free-if-you-understand-it-well-jeet/articleshow/69635184.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425044943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/favicon.ico |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> == Saki == <ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-27 |title=Cinema 27-12-2006 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/cinema-27-12-2006/cid/1129214 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425054602/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/cinema-27-12-2006/cid/1129214 |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|4771744|Ghatak}} * GhatakaAkwatin wasiƙa {{Swapan Saha}} am6u56dv4prjii58z7hrw9q38q7k6ir 826646 826645 2026-04-26T12:23:39Z Quinlan83 13504 Fix 826646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ghatak''''' fim ne na siyasa na [[Indiya]] da aka yi a shekarar 2006 wanda Swapan Saha ya jagoranta. Nispal Singh ne ya shirya shi a ƙarƙashin tutar Surinder Films, fim ɗin ya fito a matsayin jarumi, tare da Tapas Paul, Anamika Saha, Rajatava Dutta, Shankar Chakroborty, Rajesh Sharma da Sumit Ganguly a wasu muhimman ayyuka. Wannan ya biyo bayan rikidewar wani marar laifi zuwa mutum mai ɗaukar fansa bayan kisan gillar da aka yi wa ɗan'uwansa saboda ya shaida kisan gillar da 'yan daba na siyasa suka yi masa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-01-17 |title=Koel-Jeet chemistry |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/koel-jeet-chemistry/cid/460053 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425055752/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/koel-jeet-chemistry/cid/460053 |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> An fitar da ''Ghatak'' a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2006. Ya sami amsa mai kyau, musamman masu suka sun yi sharhi kan jigon fim ɗin, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, waƙoƙin sauti da kuma fim ɗin sinima. Duk da cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Bengali mafi tsada a shekara, fim ɗin ya yi nasara kaɗan a ofishin talla, inda ya sami sama da ₹32.7 crores. Ghatak ya girma ya zama fim mai ƙarfi na addini tsawon shekaru, inda aka yaba wa rawar da Jeet ya taka a matsayin mai fafutukar aikata laifuka.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-11 |title=Jeet, Koel share the secret of their chemistry |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeet-koel-share-the-secret-of-their-chemistry/articleshow/11302168.cms#:~:text=You%20can%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD,s%20a%20sweetness%20about%20their%20jodi. |access-date=2026-04-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> == Makirci == Fim ɗin ya fara ne da kisan gilla da dama da aka yi a tituna da kasuwannin Kolkata, inda aka bayyana cewa duk waɗanda abin ya shafa 'yan iska ne. Sai DSP Ranabir Roy, babban jami'in 'yan sanda na yankin, ya kama mai kisan kai da hannu biyu. Yayin da yake yi wa Bijoy mai ɗaukar fansa tambayoyi, mutumin da ke da hannu a kisan gillar da aka yi a kan titunan jama'a a cikin dare, Ranabir ya yi masa magana a kai a matsayin "mai laifi"; wannan ya sa Bijoy ya fusata ya fara bayyana yanayin da ya haifar da mummunan ƙaddararsa. Fim ɗin ya koma wani sabon salo, lokacin da Bijoy ya zo Kolkata don ya sa ƙaninsa Raju ya yi karatu. Da suka isa yankin Uttarpara da ke Kolkata, sai suka ga babban hayaniyar siyasa da jefa bam ba tare da wani dalili ba da ke faruwa a wurin. Sun firgita sosai lokacin da suka ga Bablu Koley, ɗan ta'adda na yankin kuma shugaban jam'iyyar adawa mai tasowa, yana kashe wani mai wucewa a bainar jama'a da kuma tsohon mai taimaka masa a tsakiyar taron jama'a. Duk da haka, lokacin da 'yan sanda suka isa wurin, sai suka haɗa mutane da yawa da ke tsaye a wurin - ciki har da Bijoy da Raju a cikin wata mota suka yi awon gaba da su a matsayin masu tayar da zaune tsaye, duk da sanin hannun Bablu a kisan. A halin yanzu, Satyabrata Roy, sanannen lauya na Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, ya isa can; kallonsa kawai ya isa ya sa jinin ɗan sanda mai cin hanci, Basak, ya yi sanyi. Satyabrata ya ba Bijoy da Raju mafaka a gidansa. Yayin da yake zaune a can, Bijoy ya fara aiki a matsayin direban tasi don hidimar ajiyar wuri. Puja, 'yar Satyabrata kuma malamar makaranta, ta shirya shigar Raju makarantarta. Ba da daɗewa ba suka canza salon rayuwarsu suka zama mazauna birni. A hankali, dangantaka ta fara bunƙasa tsakanin Bijoy da Puja. Duk da haka, Bindu Mashi, ɗan takarar jam'iyya mai mulki, wanda ya fi Bablu tsõro a yankin, ta ga kanta a cikin rikici da Satyabrata. Mashi ta yi tawali'u ta roƙi Satyabrata da ta janye ƙarar da aka shigar a kanta; duk da haka, a matsayinta na lauya mai himma, Satyabrata ta ƙi yin hakan. Sakamakon haka, Mashi ya kashe shi, wani abu da Raju ya shaida ta hanyar haɗuwa. Mashi ya aika mutane su kashe Raju; a halin yanzu, Bablu shi ma ya aika da mutanensa don su kama Raju, yana nufin amfani da shi a matsayin shaidarsa kawai - katinsa na ban mamaki, don shigar da ƙara a kan Mashi ga Hukumar Zaɓe. A halin yanzu, yana bin shawarar Puja da mahaifiyarta bazawara, Bijoy ya yanke shawarar mayar da Raju ƙauyensu. A tashar jirgin ƙasa, an yi faɗa da bindiga da kuma faɗa da makamai tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu masu hamayya da ke fafutukar kama Raju; A tsakiyar rudanin, ɗaya daga cikin mayaƙan Masi ya yi wa jikin Raju tambayoyi da harsasai. Da jin waɗannan kalaman daga Bijoy, Ranbir ya ƙara masa kwarin gwiwa, yana mai cewa mai kisan kai ne kawai zai iya kawar da waɗannan maƙiyan al'umma; in ba haka ba, yara da yawa kamar Raju za su faɗa hannunsu. Ya saki Bijoy, yana yi masa gargaɗi cewa idan ya yi niyyar kashe wani a nan gaba, dole ne ya tabbatar an kammala aikin sosai; domin, mutane biyu daga cikin mutanen da Bijoy ya kai wa hari a baya suna da rai kuma Ranabir ya kawar da su daga baya a wani fafatawa. Ana iya ganin babban hamayya da ke tattare da yakin neman zaben Majalisar da ke tafe tsakanin Bablu da Mashi. Bablu, wanda ya taɓa kashe mijin Mashi, ya yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da ikonsa a yankinta; duk da cewa yana gab da cimma burinsa, a ƙarshe ya gaza yin nasara. Binoy Samanta, wani minista mai cin hanci da rashawa yana goyon bayansu kuma yana ba su dukkansu don amfanin kansa. Kullum yana yawo tare da Bablu a lokacin gangamin kamfen; duk da haka, gaskiyar cewa bai isa ya shiga kamfen ɗin Mashi ya bar mata tunani mai zurfi. Yayin da take yaƙin neman zaɓe, Mashi ta yi wa Puja barazana a hankali, tana gargadin cewa ba za a jefa ƙuri'a ɗaya daga yankinsu ga 'yan adawa ba; in ba haka ba, tabbas za ta yi alƙawarin ɗaukar fansa da zarar an kammala zaɓen. Duk da cewa ta nuna halin ladabi da ladabi tana mu'amala da jama'a a lokacin kamfen da gangamin, kowa ya san ainihin halinta; amma saboda tsoron ɗan'uwanta da kuma Munna, mai ƙarfi a yankin, babu wanda ya isa ya yi magana. Duk da cewa Ranabir yana kan aiki a ranar zaɓe, bayan ya sami rahotannin tashin hankali a rumfar zaɓe a yankin Dakshinpara, ya bar Basak a matsayin mai kula da muƙaminsu na yanzu ya tafi don ya magance lamarin a can. Bayan Basak ya tura Munna da gungunsa suka shiga rumfar, suka fara shirya makirci a madadin Mashi, suka kuma kori mutane ta hanyar yi musu barazana da bindiga. Duk da samun rahotanni daga kowa game da waɗannan abubuwan, Basak ta yi shiru gaba ɗaya game da lamarin. A halin yanzu, lokacin da Puja ta shiga rumfar, Munna ta ba ta izinin shiga ta kuma ba ta damar kada kuri'arta ba tare da wata matsala ba. Duk da haka, lokacin da Puja ta ƙi zaɓar Bindu Mashi, Munna ta kwace mayafinta ta yi ƙoƙarin lalata da ita a can. A lokacin faɗan da ya biyo baya, Puja ta sami rauni a leɓenta wanda ya jawo jini; yayin da ta gudu daga wurin, Munna ta saki mayafinsa don su bi ta. A daidai lokacin, Bijoy ya isa wurin ya fara dukan Munna ba tare da tausayi ba, tare da duk mayafinsa - a cikin cibiyar zaɓe. Basak ya ɗaga bindigarsa don ya tsayar da shi, amma Bijoy ya ci gaba da dukansa saboda rashin ɗaukar mataki kan zaɓen da aka yi da magudi da kuma yi wa Munna ihu. Lokacin da Ranbir ya isa wurin, Bijoy ya ba shi labarin dukkan abubuwan da suka faru. Ya tattara jini daga raunin da ke goshin Basak a babban yatsansa, Bijoy ya danna babban yatsa a kan takardar da babu komai, yana zama shaida kan sammacin kama Munna da abokan aikinsa, sannan ya miƙa wa Ranabir, yana umartarsa ​​da ya rubuta rubutun da ke tare da shi bisa ga tsari na yau da kullun; sannan, ya ɗauki mayafin Puja, ya jefa ƙuri'arsa ya fita daga harabar. Cikin fushi, Bindu Mashi ya yi gaggawar zuwa ofishin 'yan sanda ya fara yi wa Ranabir barazana, yana neman a sake shi; duk da haka, daga ƙarshe an tilasta mata ja da baya, sakamakon jajircewarsa da taurin kai. Bayan ɗan lokaci, ta hanyar yaɗa jita-jita ta ƙarya game da tarzoma a cikin unguwar talakawa ta Uttarpara, ta haka ta yaudari Ranabir da sauran jami'an su bar ofishin, ta aika da wasu mutane don su fitar da Munna. Da suka shiga ofishin, mutanenta suka kai wa 'yan sanda hari da sauran jami'an a yunƙurin kama Munna. A halin yanzu, da suka isa gidan talakawa kuma ba su ga wata alamar wata matsala ba, Ranabir ya fahimci ainihin maƙarƙashiyar; yana tsoron tserewar Munna, sai ya yi sauri ya koma ofishin ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. Yayin da ya shiga harabar, ganin jami'an da suka ji rauni suna ƙarya ya tabbatar da zarginsa; duk da haka, ya yi mamakin ganin Bijoy zaune a gaban makullin da makullan a hannu, kuma ya gano cewa - wasu 'yan daba ashirin sun haɗu da su a ciki tare da Munna da abokansa. Da wannan shirin nata ya lalace, Mashi ta cika da fushi. Bayan wannan lamarin, Bijoy ta afka cikin maɓoyarta, kuma ta yi mata kallon barazana: kamar yadda suka haɗu don kashe Raju, zai kashe su ta wannan hanyar. Bayan fafatawarsa da Mashi, Bijoy ya sami suna a yankin. Ya yi abota da Baba Sheikh, wanda a da ya kasance jarumin Musulmi na yankin. Baba ma ya yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ƙarfinsa da Bijoy a wani lokaci, amma daga baya ya haɗa kai da shi a rikicin da ya biyo baya maimakon yin amfani da ikonsa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, bayan Bijoy ya ba da jininsa ga ɗan Baba wanda ya ji rauni a wani rikici. A halin yanzu, Bablu ya tunkare shi ta hanyar ba shi kuɗi mai yawa don ya yi masa aiki; duk da haka, Bijoy ya yi masa irin wannan barazanar. Bablu ya yi mamakin wannan kuma, cikin fushi, ya umurci Samanta da ta ɗauki mataki a kansa. Saboda haka, Bablu da Mashi sun haɗu don kawar da Bijoy. Da yake amfani da damar da ya samu a harkar siyasa tsawon shekaru da yawa, wanda ya kare sunansa daga kowace aibi, Samanta ya aika da mutane su kira Bijoy, yana tabbatar masa da cewa zai nemi afuwa kan ayyukan Munna marasa kyau. Da fatan samun adalci mai kyau game da kisan Raju da kuma ganin an ɗauki matakai masu tsauri don dakile wannan mulkin ta'addanci, Bijoy ya tafi gidan Samanta. Duk da haka, Samanta ya bayyana ainihin launinsa kuma ya nemi takardar yatsan Bijoy ta janye shari'ar da ake yi wa Munna. Lokacin da Bijoy ya ƙi bin umarnin, wasu gungun 'yan daba suka shigo suka afka masa. Mashi ya sa shi suma ta hanyar dukansa a bayan kansa da fitilar tagulla, yayin da Bablu ya ci gaba da samun sawun yatsun hannunsa da ƙarfi. Da wannan takardar beli, ta je ofishin 'yan sanda don tabbatar da sakin Munna; duk da haka, cikin fushi, Ranabir ya zaro bindigarsa ya nufi wurinta. A daidai lokacin, Samanta ta bayyana tare da lauyansa kuma ta kore shi daga rundunar tana zarginsa da kai hari kan wata mata a cikin ofishin 'yan sanda. A halin yanzu, Bablu ya jefa Bijoy cikin wani rami a kan titi zuwa wani wuri da ke nesa da Kolkata, wanda hakan ya sa bai iya komawa baya ba. Baba da Puja sun gaji da neman Bijoy a wurare daban-daban. Wata rana, wani yaro ya hango Bijoy a cikin ramin ta cikin wani rami a cikin rufin; ya tara jama'a suka fito da shi tare. Don kai shi asibiti, mutane suka nuna motar da ke wucewa, wacce Baba ke zaune a ciki. Ya kai Bijoy asibiti a asirce, inda Baba ya warke a hankali sannan ya auri Puja. A halin yanzu, Bablu ya lashe zaben fidda gwani kuma aka shirya babban gangamin jama'a don taya shi murna. Ba zato ba tsammani, bayan ya fito daga tsakiyar taron, Bijoy ya taka kan dandamali. Samanta mai tsoro ta yi ihu, kuma nan da nan rundunar 'yan sanda ta harba bindigarsu kan Bijoy. A daidai lokacin, ya cire wani mayafi na bikin daga ƙarƙashin rigarsa, ya sanya shi a wuyan mutane uku, kuma ya yi alƙawarin zai fara kamfen ɗinsa na hallaka abokan gabansa ta hanyar fara da Bablu. Daga nan ya ɓace daga wurin a tsakiyar ihun nasara. Da daddare, yayin da yake komawa gida da motarsa ​​tare da direba kawai, wani Bablu mai maye ya yi watsi da masu tsaron lafiyarsa tare da shi. Ba zato ba tsammani, ya lura cewa Baba yana zaune a kujerar direba. Ya tsayar da motar a gaban wani gini na kamfanin gine-gine na Bablu. Cikin tsoro, Bablu ya gudu daga motar, ya shiga ginin ya ga Bijoy yana kusanto shi da bindiga a hannu, kamar allahn mutuwa, a cikin duhu. Bijoy ya harbi Bablu, wanda ya faɗo daga saman bene na tara. Kisansa ya haifar da firgici a duk yankin. Samanta da Mashi duka sun yi taka tsantsan sosai. Mashi ta ƙirƙiro sabuwar dabarar da za ta kawar da Bijoy: ta yi kama da ma'aikaciyar jinya, ta sace Puja mai ciki daga lif ɗin asibiti. Duk da haka, lokacin da ƙofofin lif suka buɗe, Mashi ta kama shi ba tare da an sani ba - Bijoy yana tsaye a wurin da wuka a makogwaron Munna. Ba tare da wani zaɓi ba, ta saki Puja. Puja ba ta gamsu da ayyukan Bijoy ba, domin tana jin hakan zai iya cutar da shi da iyalinsa. Amma Bijoy ba ta kula da komai ba. Wata rana da yamma, da bindiga a hannunsa, ya bi Munna ya harbe shi a tsakiyar kasuwa mai cike da jama'a a gaban kowa. Bayan tashin ramuwar gayya, Mashi ya kai hari gidan Bijoy yana jin haushin mutuwar Munna. Lokacin da Bijoy ya fitar da Puja don duba lafiyarsa, Mashi ya yi garkuwa da surukarsa. Bayan ɗan lokaci, bayan dawowarsa ya buga ƙararrawar ƙofar, mutanen Mashi suka bi Puja yayin da suka buɗe ƙofar. A halin yanzu, Bijoy ya yi sauri ya koma ya bi shi. Duk da haka, 'yan daba sun sake samun nasara a hannun Vijay. Bayan ya kammala cewa cin zarafin Mashi shine kawai mafita mai kyau, Bijoy ya shiga ofishin Samanta wata rana; yana yi masa barazana da bindiga, ya umarce shi da ya yi abin da ya ga dama. Daga baya Samanta ya kira wani babban taron manema labarai a gidan gonarsa, yana sanar da niyyarsa ta kawo ƙarshen mulkin mafia na birnin—wani kamfen da ya ayyana zai fara da Mashi. Samanta, wanda tsoronsa kawai ya jawo, ya bayyana Masi a bainar jama'a a matsayin "mai iko" da ke da alhakin laifuka da dama: kisan gillar Satyabrata da Raju, ɓacewar Bablu, har ma da yunƙurin kashe matar Bijoy a kan ababen hawa. A cikin yunƙurinsa na kare mutuncin kansa na jama'a, Samanta yana shirin tserewa zuwa Delhi da wani fayil da ke bayyana duk ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa na Bindu Mashi. A halin yanzu, yana riƙe da aska a makogwaronsa, Baba ya tilasta masa ya ba Mashi ƙarya da aka riga aka tsara, yana ɓatar da ita ta yarda cewa Samanta ya matsa wa 'yan sanda su ba ta umarni "harbi a kan idonta". Bayan hakan ya sa Mashi ya mamaye gidan Samanta ya kashe shi da mugun nufi kafin ya tsere. A kan hanyarsu ta dawowa, yayin da suke wucewa wurin kone gawarwaki, wasu gungun 'yan wasan dhol suka toshe hanyar motar Mashi ba zato ba tsammani. An bayyana cewa shugabansu Ranabir ne, wanda ke magana da salon barkwanci, ya sanar da cewa bayan ya bar aikin 'yan sanda, yanzu ya fara sabuwar sana'a: duk lokacin da ya sami labarin mutuwar wani, sai ya yi gaggawar zuwa wurin da 'yan wasan dhol da cymbal. Mashi ta firgita sosai lokacin da ta ga Bijoy tana fitowa daga inuwa. Yana tafiya zuwa ga salon ganguna, sai ya ɗaga shi da kansa ya buge taron 'yan daba a ƙasa, yana murkushe su sosai. Mashi, yana nuna halin rashin hankali, ya yi masa tsawa; duk da haka, Bijoy ya yi ta dukanta da bulala akai-akai. Mashi ta samu 'yancinta da ƙarfi, ta yi ƙoƙarin bi ta da motarta; amma Bijoy ta yi tsalle sama a daidai lokacin da motar Mashi ta yi karo da transformer kuma ta fashe. Sai Bijoy ya yi wa Ranabir bayani, yana furta niyyarsa ta barin birnin domin kada ɗansa ya girma a tsakiyar mummunan ta'addancin da ke addabar wurin. Duk da haka, Puja da Baba suka isa wurin suka roƙe shi kada ya bar birnin, suna roƙonsa ya zauna don tunawa da Raju. A cikin tunaninsa, Bijoy ya ji muryar Raju tana tabbatar masa cewa zai ci gaba da rayuwa a cikinsu har abada. == Masu ba da labari == * Jeet a matsayin Bijoy * Koel Mallick a matsayin Puja, malamin makaranta kuma matar Bijoy * Anshu Bach (wanda aka ba da izini a matsayin Master Anshu) a matsayin Raju, ɗan'uwan Bijoy * Tapas Paul a matsayin DSP Ranabir Roy * Anamika Saha a matsayin Bindu Mashi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Sneha |date=2023-11-05 |title=‘চড় খেয়েছি, পায়ে পড়েছি’, বৃদ্ধ হতেই আজ মুখ ফিরিয়ে নিয়েছে টলিউড! মুখ খুললেন ‘বিন্দু মাসি’ অনামিকা |url=https://bongtrend.com/veteran-tollywood-actress-anamika-saha-unknown-story-sp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260424063129/https://bongtrend.com/veteran-tollywood-actress-anamika-saha-unknown-story-sp |archive-date=2026-04-24 |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=Bong Trend |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-11-06 |title=4 more such Tolly - Blockbusters could be made with Saawariya's promo budget |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/4-more-such-tolly-blockbusters-could-be-made-with-saawariya-s-promo-budget/cid/1553540 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425053336/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/4-more-such-tolly-blockbusters-could-be-made-with-saawariya-s-promo-budget/cid/1553540 |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> * Rajatava Dutta a matsayin Binoy Samanta, babban dan siyasa * Shankar Chakroborty a matsayin Bablu Koley, adawar Bindu Mashi * Rajesh Sharma a matsayin Baba Sheikh * Sumit Ganguly a matsayin Munna, ɗan'uwan Mashi * Boshishattwa Majumder a matsayin Adv. Satyabrata Roy, lauya ne na hukumar kare hakkin dan adam kuma mahaifin Puja * Santana Basu a matsayin matar Satyabrata * Mrityun Hazra a matsayin SI Basak * Ashok Mukherjee a matsayin shugaban<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-06-04 |title=Film biz is threat-free if you understand it well: Jeet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/film-biz-is-threat-free-if-you-understand-it-well-jeet/articleshow/69635184.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425044943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/favicon.ico |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> == Saki == <ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-27 |title=Cinema 27-12-2006 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/cinema-27-12-2006/cid/1129214 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425054602/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/cinema-27-12-2006/cid/1129214 |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|4771744|Ghatak}} * GhatakaAkwatin wasiƙa {{Swapan Saha}} ce7kitu87cotj6sawzw5aqjldfx6073 826726 826646 2026-04-26T18:07:27Z Kamal JB 24987 826726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Ghatak''''' fim ne na siyasa na [[Indiya]] da aka yi a shekarar 2006 wanda Swapan Saha ya jagoranta. Nispal Singh ne ya shirya shi a ƙarƙashin tutar Surinder Films, fim ɗin ya fito a matsayin jarumi, tare da Tapas Paul, Anamika Saha, Rajatava Dutta, Shankar Chakroborty, Rajesh Sharma da Sumit Ganguly a wasu muhimman ayyuka. Wannan ya biyo bayan rikidewar wani marar laifi zuwa mutum mai ɗaukar fansa bayan kisan gillar da aka yi wa ɗan'uwansa saboda ya shaida kisan gillar da 'yan daba na siyasa suka yi masa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-01-17 |title=Koel-Jeet chemistry |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/koel-jeet-chemistry/cid/460053 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425055752/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/koel-jeet-chemistry/cid/460053 |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> An fitar da ''Ghatak'' a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2006. Ya sami amsa mai kyau, musamman masu suka sun yi sharhi kan jigon fim ɗin, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, waƙoƙin sauti da kuma fim ɗin sinima. Duk da cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Bengali mafi tsada a shekara, fim ɗin ya yi nasara kaɗan a ofishin talla, inda ya sami sama da ₹32.7 crores. Ghatak ya girma ya zama fim mai ƙarfi na addini tsawon shekaru, inda aka yaba wa rawar da Jeet ya taka a matsayin mai fafutukar aikata laifuka.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-11 |title=Jeet, Koel share the secret of their chemistry |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeet-koel-share-the-secret-of-their-chemistry/articleshow/11302168.cms#:~:text=You%20can%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD,s%20a%20sweetness%20about%20their%20jodi. |access-date=2026-04-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> == Makirci == Fim ɗin ya fara ne da kisan gilla da dama da aka yi a tituna da kasuwannin Kolkata, inda aka bayyana cewa duk waɗanda abin ya shafa 'yan iska ne. Sai DSP Ranabir Roy, babban jami'in 'yan sanda na yankin, ya kama mai kisan kai da hannu biyu. Yayin da yake yi wa Bijoy mai ɗaukar fansa tambayoyi, mutumin da ke da hannu a kisan gillar da aka yi a kan titunan jama'a a cikin dare, Ranabir ya yi masa magana a kai a matsayin "mai laifi"; wannan ya sa Bijoy ya fusata ya fara bayyana yanayin da ya haifar da mummunan ƙaddararsa. Fim ɗin ya koma wani sabon salo, lokacin da Bijoy ya zo Kolkata don ya sa ƙaninsa Raju ya yi karatu. Da suka isa yankin Uttarpara da ke Kolkata, sai suka ga babban hayaniyar siyasa da jefa bam ba tare da wani dalili ba da ke faruwa a wurin. Sun firgita sosai lokacin da suka ga Bablu Koley, ɗan ta'adda na yankin kuma shugaban jam'iyyar adawa mai tasowa, yana kashe wani mai wucewa a bainar jama'a da kuma tsohon mai taimaka masa a tsakiyar taron jama'a. Duk da haka, lokacin da 'yan sanda suka isa wurin, sai suka haɗa mutane da yawa da ke tsaye a wurin - ciki har da Bijoy da Raju a cikin wata mota suka yi awon gaba da su a matsayin masu tayar da zaune tsaye, duk da sanin hannun Bablu a kisan. A halin yanzu, Satyabrata Roy, sanannen lauya na Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, ya isa can; kallonsa kawai ya isa ya sa jinin ɗan sanda mai cin hanci, Basak, ya yi sanyi. Satyabrata ya ba Bijoy da Raju mafaka a gidansa. Yayin da yake zaune a can, Bijoy ya fara aiki a matsayin direban tasi don hidimar ajiyar wuri. Puja, 'yar Satyabrata kuma malamar makaranta, ta shirya shigar Raju makarantarta. Ba da daɗewa ba suka canza salon rayuwarsu suka zama mazauna birni. A hankali, dangantaka ta fara bunƙasa tsakanin Bijoy da Puja. Duk da haka, Bindu Mashi, ɗan takarar jam'iyya mai mulki, wanda ya fi Bablu tsõro a yankin, ta ga kanta a cikin rikici da Satyabrata. Mashi ta yi tawali'u ta roƙi Satyabrata da ta janye ƙarar da aka shigar a kanta; duk da haka, a matsayinta na lauya mai himma, Satyabrata ta ƙi yin hakan. Sakamakon haka, Mashi ya kashe shi, wani abu da Raju ya shaida ta hanyar haɗuwa. Mashi ya aika mutane su kashe Raju; a halin yanzu, Bablu shi ma ya aika da mutanensa don su kama Raju, yana nufin amfani da shi a matsayin shaidarsa kawai - katinsa na ban mamaki, don shigar da ƙara a kan Mashi ga Hukumar Zaɓe. A halin yanzu, yana bin shawarar Puja da mahaifiyarta bazawara, Bijoy ya yanke shawarar mayar da Raju ƙauyensu. A tashar jirgin ƙasa, an yi faɗa da bindiga da kuma faɗa da makamai tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu masu hamayya da ke fafutukar kama Raju; A tsakiyar rudanin, ɗaya daga cikin mayaƙan Masi ya yi wa jikin Raju tambayoyi da harsasai. Da jin waɗannan kalaman daga Bijoy, Ranbir ya ƙara masa kwarin gwiwa, yana mai cewa mai kisan kai ne kawai zai iya kawar da waɗannan maƙiyan al'umma; in ba haka ba, yara da yawa kamar Raju za su faɗa hannunsu. Ya saki Bijoy, yana yi masa gargaɗi cewa idan ya yi niyyar kashe wani a nan gaba, dole ne ya tabbatar an kammala aikin sosai; domin, mutane biyu daga cikin mutanen da Bijoy ya kai wa hari a baya suna da rai kuma Ranabir ya kawar da su daga baya a wani fafatawa. Ana iya ganin babban hamayya da ke tattare da yakin neman zaben Majalisar da ke tafe tsakanin Bablu da Mashi. Bablu, wanda ya taɓa kashe mijin Mashi, ya yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da ikonsa a yankinta; duk da cewa yana gab da cimma burinsa, a ƙarshe ya gaza yin nasara. Binoy Samanta, wani minista mai cin hanci da rashawa yana goyon bayansu kuma yana ba su dukkansu don amfanin kansa. Kullum yana yawo tare da Bablu a lokacin gangamin kamfen; duk da haka, gaskiyar cewa bai isa ya shiga kamfen ɗin Mashi ya bar mata tunani mai zurfi. Yayin da take yaƙin neman zaɓe, Mashi ta yi wa Puja barazana a hankali, tana gargadin cewa ba za a jefa ƙuri'a ɗaya daga yankinsu ga 'yan adawa ba; in ba haka ba, tabbas za ta yi alƙawarin ɗaukar fansa da zarar an kammala zaɓen. Duk da cewa ta nuna halin ladabi da ladabi tana mu'amala da jama'a a lokacin kamfen da gangamin, kowa ya san ainihin halinta; amma saboda tsoron ɗan'uwanta da kuma Munna, mai ƙarfi a yankin, babu wanda ya isa ya yi magana. Duk da cewa Ranabir yana kan aiki a ranar zaɓe, bayan ya sami rahotannin tashin hankali a rumfar zaɓe a yankin Dakshinpara, ya bar Basak a matsayin mai kula da muƙaminsu na yanzu ya tafi don ya magance lamarin a can. Bayan Basak ya tura Munna da gungunsa suka shiga rumfar, suka fara shirya makirci a madadin Mashi, suka kuma kori mutane ta hanyar yi musu barazana da bindiga. Duk da samun rahotanni daga kowa game da waɗannan abubuwan, Basak ta yi shiru gaba ɗaya game da lamarin. A halin yanzu, lokacin da Puja ta shiga rumfar, Munna ta ba ta izinin shiga ta kuma ba ta damar kada kuri'arta ba tare da wata matsala ba. Duk da haka, lokacin da Puja ta ƙi zaɓar Bindu Mashi, Munna ta kwace mayafinta ta yi ƙoƙarin lalata da ita a can. A lokacin faɗan da ya biyo baya, Puja ta sami rauni a leɓenta wanda ya jawo jini; yayin da ta gudu daga wurin, Munna ta saki mayafinsa don su bi ta. A daidai lokacin, Bijoy ya isa wurin ya fara dukan Munna ba tare da tausayi ba, tare da duk mayafinsa - a cikin cibiyar zaɓe. Basak ya ɗaga bindigarsa don ya tsayar da shi, amma Bijoy ya ci gaba da dukansa saboda rashin ɗaukar mataki kan zaɓen da aka yi da magudi da kuma yi wa Munna ihu. Lokacin da Ranbir ya isa wurin, Bijoy ya ba shi labarin dukkan abubuwan da suka faru. Ya tattara jini daga raunin da ke goshin Basak a babban yatsansa, Bijoy ya danna babban yatsa a kan takardar da babu komai, yana zama shaida kan sammacin kama Munna da abokan aikinsa, sannan ya miƙa wa Ranabir, yana umartarsa ​​da ya rubuta rubutun da ke tare da shi bisa ga tsari na yau da kullun; sannan, ya ɗauki mayafin Puja, ya jefa ƙuri'arsa ya fita daga harabar. Cikin fushi, Bindu Mashi ya yi gaggawar zuwa ofishin 'yan sanda ya fara yi wa Ranabir barazana, yana neman a sake shi; duk da haka, daga ƙarshe an tilasta mata ja da baya, sakamakon jajircewarsa da taurin kai. Bayan ɗan lokaci, ta hanyar yaɗa jita-jita ta ƙarya game da tarzoma a cikin unguwar talakawa ta Uttarpara, ta haka ta yaudari Ranabir da sauran jami'an su bar ofishin, ta aika da wasu mutane don su fitar da Munna. Da suka shiga ofishin, mutanenta suka kai wa 'yan sanda hari da sauran jami'an a yunƙurin kama Munna. A halin yanzu, da suka isa gidan talakawa kuma ba su ga wata alamar wata matsala ba, Ranabir ya fahimci ainihin maƙarƙashiyar; yana tsoron tserewar Munna, sai ya yi sauri ya koma ofishin ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. Yayin da ya shiga harabar, ganin jami'an da suka ji rauni suna ƙarya ya tabbatar da zarginsa; duk da haka, ya yi mamakin ganin Bijoy zaune a gaban makullin da makullan a hannu, kuma ya gano cewa - wasu 'yan daba ashirin sun haɗu da su a ciki tare da Munna da abokansa. Da wannan shirin nata ya lalace, Mashi ta cika da fushi. Bayan wannan lamarin, Bijoy ta afka cikin maɓoyarta, kuma ta yi mata kallon barazana: kamar yadda suka haɗu don kashe Raju, zai kashe su ta wannan hanyar. Bayan fafatawarsa da Mashi, Bijoy ya sami suna a yankin. Ya yi abota da Baba Sheikh, wanda a da ya kasance jarumin Musulmi na yankin. Baba ma ya yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ƙarfinsa da Bijoy a wani lokaci, amma daga baya ya haɗa kai da shi a rikicin da ya biyo baya maimakon yin amfani da ikonsa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, bayan Bijoy ya ba da jininsa ga ɗan Baba wanda ya ji rauni a wani rikici. A halin yanzu, Bablu ya tunkare shi ta hanyar ba shi kuɗi mai yawa don ya yi masa aiki; duk da haka, Bijoy ya yi masa irin wannan barazanar. Bablu ya yi mamakin wannan kuma, cikin fushi, ya umurci Samanta da ta ɗauki mataki a kansa. Saboda haka, Bablu da Mashi sun haɗu don kawar da Bijoy. Da yake amfani da damar da ya samu a harkar siyasa tsawon shekaru da yawa, wanda ya kare sunansa daga kowace aibi, Samanta ya aika da mutane su kira Bijoy, yana tabbatar masa da cewa zai nemi afuwa kan ayyukan Munna marasa kyau. Da fatan samun adalci mai kyau game da kisan Raju da kuma ganin an ɗauki matakai masu tsauri don dakile wannan mulkin ta'addanci, Bijoy ya tafi gidan Samanta. Duk da haka, Samanta ya bayyana ainihin launinsa kuma ya nemi takardar yatsan Bijoy ta janye shari'ar da ake yi wa Munna. Lokacin da Bijoy ya ƙi bin umarnin, wasu gungun 'yan daba suka shigo suka afka masa. Mashi ya sa shi suma ta hanyar dukansa a bayan kansa da fitilar tagulla, yayin da Bablu ya ci gaba da samun sawun yatsun hannunsa da ƙarfi. Da wannan takardar beli, ta je ofishin 'yan sanda don tabbatar da sakin Munna; duk da haka, cikin fushi, Ranabir ya zaro bindigarsa ya nufi wurinta. A daidai lokacin, Samanta ta bayyana tare da lauyansa kuma ta kore shi daga rundunar tana zarginsa da kai hari kan wata mata a cikin ofishin 'yan sanda. A halin yanzu, Bablu ya jefa Bijoy cikin wani rami a kan titi zuwa wani wuri da ke nesa da Kolkata, wanda hakan ya sa bai iya komawa baya ba. Baba da Puja sun gaji da neman Bijoy a wurare daban-daban. Wata rana, wani yaro ya hango Bijoy a cikin ramin ta cikin wani rami a cikin rufin; ya tara jama'a suka fito da shi tare. Don kai shi asibiti, mutane suka nuna motar da ke wucewa, wacce Baba ke zaune a ciki. Ya kai Bijoy asibiti a asirce, inda Baba ya warke a hankali sannan ya auri Puja. A halin yanzu, Bablu ya lashe zaben fidda gwani kuma aka shirya babban gangamin jama'a don taya shi murna. Ba zato ba tsammani, bayan ya fito daga tsakiyar taron, Bijoy ya taka kan dandamali. Samanta mai tsoro ta yi ihu, kuma nan da nan rundunar 'yan sanda ta harba bindigarsu kan Bijoy. A daidai lokacin, ya cire wani mayafi na bikin daga ƙarƙashin rigarsa, ya sanya shi a wuyan mutane uku, kuma ya yi alƙawarin zai fara kamfen ɗinsa na hallaka abokan gabansa ta hanyar fara da Bablu. Daga nan ya ɓace daga wurin a tsakiyar ihun nasara. Da daddare, yayin da yake komawa gida da motarsa ​​tare da direba kawai, wani Bablu mai maye ya yi watsi da masu tsaron lafiyarsa tare da shi. Ba zato ba tsammani, ya lura cewa Baba yana zaune a kujerar direba. Ya tsayar da motar a gaban wani gini na kamfanin gine-gine na Bablu. Cikin tsoro, Bablu ya gudu daga motar, ya shiga ginin ya ga Bijoy yana kusanto shi da bindiga a hannu, kamar allahn mutuwa, a cikin duhu. Bijoy ya harbi Bablu, wanda ya faɗo daga saman bene na tara. Kisansa ya haifar da firgici a duk yankin. Samanta da Mashi duka sun yi taka tsantsan sosai. Mashi ta ƙirƙiro sabuwar dabarar da za ta kawar da Bijoy: ta yi kama da ma'aikaciyar jinya, ta sace Puja mai ciki daga lif ɗin asibiti. Duk da haka, lokacin da ƙofofin lif suka buɗe, Mashi ta kama shi ba tare da an sani ba - Bijoy yana tsaye a wurin da wuka a makogwaron Munna. Ba tare da wani zaɓi ba, ta saki Puja. Puja ba ta gamsu da ayyukan Bijoy ba, domin tana jin hakan zai iya cutar da shi da iyalinsa. Amma Bijoy ba ta kula da komai ba. Wata rana da yamma, da bindiga a hannunsa, ya bi Munna ya harbe shi a tsakiyar kasuwa mai cike da jama'a a gaban kowa. Bayan tashin ramuwar gayya, Mashi ya kai hari gidan Bijoy yana jin haushin mutuwar Munna. Lokacin da Bijoy ya fitar da Puja don duba lafiyarsa, Mashi ya yi garkuwa da surukarsa. Bayan ɗan lokaci, bayan dawowarsa ya buga ƙararrawar ƙofar, mutanen Mashi suka bi Puja yayin da suka buɗe ƙofar. A halin yanzu, Bijoy ya yi sauri ya koma ya bi shi. Duk da haka, 'yan daba sun sake samun nasara a hannun Vijay. Bayan ya kammala cewa cin zarafin Mashi shine kawai mafita mai kyau, Bijoy ya shiga ofishin Samanta wata rana; yana yi masa barazana da bindiga, ya umarce shi da ya yi abin da ya ga dama. Daga baya Samanta ya kira wani babban taron manema labarai a gidan gonarsa, yana sanar da niyyarsa ta kawo ƙarshen mulkin mafia na birnin—wani kamfen da ya ayyana zai fara da Mashi. Samanta, wanda tsoronsa kawai ya jawo, ya bayyana Masi a bainar jama'a a matsayin "mai iko" da ke da alhakin laifuka da dama: kisan gillar Satyabrata da Raju, ɓacewar Bablu, har ma da yunƙurin kashe matar Bijoy a kan ababen hawa. A cikin yunƙurinsa na kare mutuncin kansa na jama'a, Samanta yana shirin tserewa zuwa Delhi da wani fayil da ke bayyana duk ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa na Bindu Mashi. A halin yanzu, yana riƙe da aska a makogwaronsa, Baba ya tilasta masa ya ba Mashi ƙarya da aka riga aka tsara, yana ɓatar da ita ta yarda cewa Samanta ya matsa wa 'yan sanda su ba ta umarni "harbi a kan idonta". Bayan hakan ya sa Mashi ya mamaye gidan Samanta ya kashe shi da mugun nufi kafin ya tsere. A kan hanyarsu ta dawowa, yayin da suke wucewa wurin kone gawarwaki, wasu gungun 'yan wasan dhol suka toshe hanyar motar Mashi ba zato ba tsammani. An bayyana cewa shugabansu Ranabir ne, wanda ke magana da salon barkwanci, ya sanar da cewa bayan ya bar aikin 'yan sanda, yanzu ya fara sabuwar sana'a: duk lokacin da ya sami labarin mutuwar wani, sai ya yi gaggawar zuwa wurin da 'yan wasan dhol da cymbal. Mashi ta firgita sosai lokacin da ta ga Bijoy tana fitowa daga inuwa. Yana tafiya zuwa ga salon ganguna, sai ya ɗaga shi da kansa ya buge taron 'yan daba a ƙasa, yana murkushe su sosai. Mashi, yana nuna halin rashin hankali, ya yi masa tsawa; duk da haka, Bijoy ya yi ta dukanta da bulala akai-akai. Mashi ta samu 'yancinta da ƙarfi, ta yi ƙoƙarin bi ta da motarta; amma Bijoy ta yi tsalle sama a daidai lokacin da motar Mashi ta yi karo da transformer kuma ta fashe. Sai Bijoy ya yi wa Ranabir bayani, yana furta niyyarsa ta barin birnin domin kada ɗansa ya girma a tsakiyar mummunan ta'addancin da ke addabar wurin. Duk da haka, Puja da Baba suka isa wurin suka roƙe shi kada ya bar birnin, suna roƙonsa ya zauna don tunawa da Raju. A cikin tunaninsa, Bijoy ya ji muryar Raju tana tabbatar masa cewa zai ci gaba da rayuwa a cikinsu har abada. == Masu ba da labari == * Jeet a matsayin Bijoy * Koel Mallick a matsayin Puja, malamin makaranta kuma matar Bijoy * Anshu Bach (wanda aka ba da izini a matsayin Master Anshu) a matsayin Raju, ɗan'uwan Bijoy * Tapas Paul a matsayin DSP Ranabir Roy * Anamika Saha a matsayin Bindu Mashi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Sneha |date=2023-11-05 |title=‘চড় খেয়েছি, পায়ে পড়েছি’, বৃদ্ধ হতেই আজ মুখ ফিরিয়ে নিয়েছে টলিউড! মুখ খুললেন ‘বিন্দু মাসি’ অনামিকা |url=https://bongtrend.com/veteran-tollywood-actress-anamika-saha-unknown-story-sp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260424063129/https://bongtrend.com/veteran-tollywood-actress-anamika-saha-unknown-story-sp |archive-date=2026-04-24 |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=Bong Trend |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-11-06 |title=4 more such Tolly - Blockbusters could be made with Saawariya's promo budget |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/4-more-such-tolly-blockbusters-could-be-made-with-saawariya-s-promo-budget/cid/1553540 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425053336/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/4-more-such-tolly-blockbusters-could-be-made-with-saawariya-s-promo-budget/cid/1553540 |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> * Rajatava Dutta a matsayin Binoy Samanta, babban dan siyasa * Shankar Chakroborty a matsayin Bablu Koley, adawar Bindu Mashi * Rajesh Sharma a matsayin Baba Sheikh * Sumit Ganguly a matsayin Munna, ɗan'uwan Mashi * Boshishattwa Majumder a matsayin Adv. Satyabrata Roy, lauya ne na hukumar kare hakkin dan adam kuma mahaifin Puja * Santana Basu a matsayin matar Satyabrata * Mrityun Hazra a matsayin SI Basak * Ashok Mukherjee a matsayin shugaban<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-06-04 |title=Film biz is threat-free if you understand it well: Jeet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/film-biz-is-threat-free-if-you-understand-it-well-jeet/articleshow/69635184.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425044943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/favicon.ico |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> == Saki == <ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-27 |title=Cinema 27-12-2006 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/cinema-27-12-2006/cid/1129214 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425054602/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/cinema-27-12-2006/cid/1129214 |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|4771744|Ghatak}} * GhatakaAkwatin wasiƙa {{Swapan Saha}} jv3sr52171z8zq546slmkldb68oib9l 826727 826726 2026-04-26T18:08:53Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Bayanan da aka ambata */ 826727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Ghatak''''' fim ne na siyasa na [[Indiya]] da aka yi a shekarar 2006 wanda Swapan Saha ya jagoranta. Nispal Singh ne ya shirya shi a ƙarƙashin tutar Surinder Films, fim ɗin ya fito a matsayin jarumi, tare da Tapas Paul, Anamika Saha, Rajatava Dutta, Shankar Chakroborty, Rajesh Sharma da Sumit Ganguly a wasu muhimman ayyuka. Wannan ya biyo bayan rikidewar wani marar laifi zuwa mutum mai ɗaukar fansa bayan kisan gillar da aka yi wa ɗan'uwansa saboda ya shaida kisan gillar da 'yan daba na siyasa suka yi masa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-01-17 |title=Koel-Jeet chemistry |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/koel-jeet-chemistry/cid/460053 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425055752/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/koel-jeet-chemistry/cid/460053 |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> An fitar da ''Ghatak'' a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2006. Ya sami amsa mai kyau, musamman masu suka sun yi sharhi kan jigon fim ɗin, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, waƙoƙin sauti da kuma fim ɗin sinima. Duk da cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Bengali mafi tsada a shekara, fim ɗin ya yi nasara kaɗan a ofishin talla, inda ya sami sama da ₹32.7 crores. Ghatak ya girma ya zama fim mai ƙarfi na addini tsawon shekaru, inda aka yaba wa rawar da Jeet ya taka a matsayin mai fafutukar aikata laifuka.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-11 |title=Jeet, Koel share the secret of their chemistry |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeet-koel-share-the-secret-of-their-chemistry/articleshow/11302168.cms#:~:text=You%20can%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD,s%20a%20sweetness%20about%20their%20jodi. |access-date=2026-04-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> == Makirci == Fim ɗin ya fara ne da kisan gilla da dama da aka yi a tituna da kasuwannin Kolkata, inda aka bayyana cewa duk waɗanda abin ya shafa 'yan iska ne. Sai DSP Ranabir Roy, babban jami'in 'yan sanda na yankin, ya kama mai kisan kai da hannu biyu. Yayin da yake yi wa Bijoy mai ɗaukar fansa tambayoyi, mutumin da ke da hannu a kisan gillar da aka yi a kan titunan jama'a a cikin dare, Ranabir ya yi masa magana a kai a matsayin "mai laifi"; wannan ya sa Bijoy ya fusata ya fara bayyana yanayin da ya haifar da mummunan ƙaddararsa. Fim ɗin ya koma wani sabon salo, lokacin da Bijoy ya zo Kolkata don ya sa ƙaninsa Raju ya yi karatu. Da suka isa yankin Uttarpara da ke Kolkata, sai suka ga babban hayaniyar siyasa da jefa bam ba tare da wani dalili ba da ke faruwa a wurin. Sun firgita sosai lokacin da suka ga Bablu Koley, ɗan ta'adda na yankin kuma shugaban jam'iyyar adawa mai tasowa, yana kashe wani mai wucewa a bainar jama'a da kuma tsohon mai taimaka masa a tsakiyar taron jama'a. Duk da haka, lokacin da 'yan sanda suka isa wurin, sai suka haɗa mutane da yawa da ke tsaye a wurin - ciki har da Bijoy da Raju a cikin wata mota suka yi awon gaba da su a matsayin masu tayar da zaune tsaye, duk da sanin hannun Bablu a kisan. A halin yanzu, Satyabrata Roy, sanannen lauya na Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, ya isa can; kallonsa kawai ya isa ya sa jinin ɗan sanda mai cin hanci, Basak, ya yi sanyi. Satyabrata ya ba Bijoy da Raju mafaka a gidansa. Yayin da yake zaune a can, Bijoy ya fara aiki a matsayin direban tasi don hidimar ajiyar wuri. Puja, 'yar Satyabrata kuma malamar makaranta, ta shirya shigar Raju makarantarta. Ba da daɗewa ba suka canza salon rayuwarsu suka zama mazauna birni. A hankali, dangantaka ta fara bunƙasa tsakanin Bijoy da Puja. Duk da haka, Bindu Mashi, ɗan takarar jam'iyya mai mulki, wanda ya fi Bablu tsõro a yankin, ta ga kanta a cikin rikici da Satyabrata. Mashi ta yi tawali'u ta roƙi Satyabrata da ta janye ƙarar da aka shigar a kanta; duk da haka, a matsayinta na lauya mai himma, Satyabrata ta ƙi yin hakan. Sakamakon haka, Mashi ya kashe shi, wani abu da Raju ya shaida ta hanyar haɗuwa. Mashi ya aika mutane su kashe Raju; a halin yanzu, Bablu shi ma ya aika da mutanensa don su kama Raju, yana nufin amfani da shi a matsayin shaidarsa kawai - katinsa na ban mamaki, don shigar da ƙara a kan Mashi ga Hukumar Zaɓe. A halin yanzu, yana bin shawarar Puja da mahaifiyarta bazawara, Bijoy ya yanke shawarar mayar da Raju ƙauyensu. A tashar jirgin ƙasa, an yi faɗa da bindiga da kuma faɗa da makamai tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu masu hamayya da ke fafutukar kama Raju; A tsakiyar rudanin, ɗaya daga cikin mayaƙan Masi ya yi wa jikin Raju tambayoyi da harsasai. Da jin waɗannan kalaman daga Bijoy, Ranbir ya ƙara masa kwarin gwiwa, yana mai cewa mai kisan kai ne kawai zai iya kawar da waɗannan maƙiyan al'umma; in ba haka ba, yara da yawa kamar Raju za su faɗa hannunsu. Ya saki Bijoy, yana yi masa gargaɗi cewa idan ya yi niyyar kashe wani a nan gaba, dole ne ya tabbatar an kammala aikin sosai; domin, mutane biyu daga cikin mutanen da Bijoy ya kai wa hari a baya suna da rai kuma Ranabir ya kawar da su daga baya a wani fafatawa. Ana iya ganin babban hamayya da ke tattare da yakin neman zaben Majalisar da ke tafe tsakanin Bablu da Mashi. Bablu, wanda ya taɓa kashe mijin Mashi, ya yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da ikonsa a yankinta; duk da cewa yana gab da cimma burinsa, a ƙarshe ya gaza yin nasara. Binoy Samanta, wani minista mai cin hanci da rashawa yana goyon bayansu kuma yana ba su dukkansu don amfanin kansa. Kullum yana yawo tare da Bablu a lokacin gangamin kamfen; duk da haka, gaskiyar cewa bai isa ya shiga kamfen ɗin Mashi ya bar mata tunani mai zurfi. Yayin da take yaƙin neman zaɓe, Mashi ta yi wa Puja barazana a hankali, tana gargadin cewa ba za a jefa ƙuri'a ɗaya daga yankinsu ga 'yan adawa ba; in ba haka ba, tabbas za ta yi alƙawarin ɗaukar fansa da zarar an kammala zaɓen. Duk da cewa ta nuna halin ladabi da ladabi tana mu'amala da jama'a a lokacin kamfen da gangamin, kowa ya san ainihin halinta; amma saboda tsoron ɗan'uwanta da kuma Munna, mai ƙarfi a yankin, babu wanda ya isa ya yi magana. Duk da cewa Ranabir yana kan aiki a ranar zaɓe, bayan ya sami rahotannin tashin hankali a rumfar zaɓe a yankin Dakshinpara, ya bar Basak a matsayin mai kula da muƙaminsu na yanzu ya tafi don ya magance lamarin a can. Bayan Basak ya tura Munna da gungunsa suka shiga rumfar, suka fara shirya makirci a madadin Mashi, suka kuma kori mutane ta hanyar yi musu barazana da bindiga. Duk da samun rahotanni daga kowa game da waɗannan abubuwan, Basak ta yi shiru gaba ɗaya game da lamarin. A halin yanzu, lokacin da Puja ta shiga rumfar, Munna ta ba ta izinin shiga ta kuma ba ta damar kada kuri'arta ba tare da wata matsala ba. Duk da haka, lokacin da Puja ta ƙi zaɓar Bindu Mashi, Munna ta kwace mayafinta ta yi ƙoƙarin lalata da ita a can. A lokacin faɗan da ya biyo baya, Puja ta sami rauni a leɓenta wanda ya jawo jini; yayin da ta gudu daga wurin, Munna ta saki mayafinsa don su bi ta. A daidai lokacin, Bijoy ya isa wurin ya fara dukan Munna ba tare da tausayi ba, tare da duk mayafinsa - a cikin cibiyar zaɓe. Basak ya ɗaga bindigarsa don ya tsayar da shi, amma Bijoy ya ci gaba da dukansa saboda rashin ɗaukar mataki kan zaɓen da aka yi da magudi da kuma yi wa Munna ihu. Lokacin da Ranbir ya isa wurin, Bijoy ya ba shi labarin dukkan abubuwan da suka faru. Ya tattara jini daga raunin da ke goshin Basak a babban yatsansa, Bijoy ya danna babban yatsa a kan takardar da babu komai, yana zama shaida kan sammacin kama Munna da abokan aikinsa, sannan ya miƙa wa Ranabir, yana umartarsa ​​da ya rubuta rubutun da ke tare da shi bisa ga tsari na yau da kullun; sannan, ya ɗauki mayafin Puja, ya jefa ƙuri'arsa ya fita daga harabar. Cikin fushi, Bindu Mashi ya yi gaggawar zuwa ofishin 'yan sanda ya fara yi wa Ranabir barazana, yana neman a sake shi; duk da haka, daga ƙarshe an tilasta mata ja da baya, sakamakon jajircewarsa da taurin kai. Bayan ɗan lokaci, ta hanyar yaɗa jita-jita ta ƙarya game da tarzoma a cikin unguwar talakawa ta Uttarpara, ta haka ta yaudari Ranabir da sauran jami'an su bar ofishin, ta aika da wasu mutane don su fitar da Munna. Da suka shiga ofishin, mutanenta suka kai wa 'yan sanda hari da sauran jami'an a yunƙurin kama Munna. A halin yanzu, da suka isa gidan talakawa kuma ba su ga wata alamar wata matsala ba, Ranabir ya fahimci ainihin maƙarƙashiyar; yana tsoron tserewar Munna, sai ya yi sauri ya koma ofishin ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. Yayin da ya shiga harabar, ganin jami'an da suka ji rauni suna ƙarya ya tabbatar da zarginsa; duk da haka, ya yi mamakin ganin Bijoy zaune a gaban makullin da makullan a hannu, kuma ya gano cewa - wasu 'yan daba ashirin sun haɗu da su a ciki tare da Munna da abokansa. Da wannan shirin nata ya lalace, Mashi ta cika da fushi. Bayan wannan lamarin, Bijoy ta afka cikin maɓoyarta, kuma ta yi mata kallon barazana: kamar yadda suka haɗu don kashe Raju, zai kashe su ta wannan hanyar. Bayan fafatawarsa da Mashi, Bijoy ya sami suna a yankin. Ya yi abota da Baba Sheikh, wanda a da ya kasance jarumin Musulmi na yankin. Baba ma ya yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ƙarfinsa da Bijoy a wani lokaci, amma daga baya ya haɗa kai da shi a rikicin da ya biyo baya maimakon yin amfani da ikonsa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, bayan Bijoy ya ba da jininsa ga ɗan Baba wanda ya ji rauni a wani rikici. A halin yanzu, Bablu ya tunkare shi ta hanyar ba shi kuɗi mai yawa don ya yi masa aiki; duk da haka, Bijoy ya yi masa irin wannan barazanar. Bablu ya yi mamakin wannan kuma, cikin fushi, ya umurci Samanta da ta ɗauki mataki a kansa. Saboda haka, Bablu da Mashi sun haɗu don kawar da Bijoy. Da yake amfani da damar da ya samu a harkar siyasa tsawon shekaru da yawa, wanda ya kare sunansa daga kowace aibi, Samanta ya aika da mutane su kira Bijoy, yana tabbatar masa da cewa zai nemi afuwa kan ayyukan Munna marasa kyau. Da fatan samun adalci mai kyau game da kisan Raju da kuma ganin an ɗauki matakai masu tsauri don dakile wannan mulkin ta'addanci, Bijoy ya tafi gidan Samanta. Duk da haka, Samanta ya bayyana ainihin launinsa kuma ya nemi takardar yatsan Bijoy ta janye shari'ar da ake yi wa Munna. Lokacin da Bijoy ya ƙi bin umarnin, wasu gungun 'yan daba suka shigo suka afka masa. Mashi ya sa shi suma ta hanyar dukansa a bayan kansa da fitilar tagulla, yayin da Bablu ya ci gaba da samun sawun yatsun hannunsa da ƙarfi. Da wannan takardar beli, ta je ofishin 'yan sanda don tabbatar da sakin Munna; duk da haka, cikin fushi, Ranabir ya zaro bindigarsa ya nufi wurinta. A daidai lokacin, Samanta ta bayyana tare da lauyansa kuma ta kore shi daga rundunar tana zarginsa da kai hari kan wata mata a cikin ofishin 'yan sanda. A halin yanzu, Bablu ya jefa Bijoy cikin wani rami a kan titi zuwa wani wuri da ke nesa da Kolkata, wanda hakan ya sa bai iya komawa baya ba. Baba da Puja sun gaji da neman Bijoy a wurare daban-daban. Wata rana, wani yaro ya hango Bijoy a cikin ramin ta cikin wani rami a cikin rufin; ya tara jama'a suka fito da shi tare. Don kai shi asibiti, mutane suka nuna motar da ke wucewa, wacce Baba ke zaune a ciki. Ya kai Bijoy asibiti a asirce, inda Baba ya warke a hankali sannan ya auri Puja. A halin yanzu, Bablu ya lashe zaben fidda gwani kuma aka shirya babban gangamin jama'a don taya shi murna. Ba zato ba tsammani, bayan ya fito daga tsakiyar taron, Bijoy ya taka kan dandamali. Samanta mai tsoro ta yi ihu, kuma nan da nan rundunar 'yan sanda ta harba bindigarsu kan Bijoy. A daidai lokacin, ya cire wani mayafi na bikin daga ƙarƙashin rigarsa, ya sanya shi a wuyan mutane uku, kuma ya yi alƙawarin zai fara kamfen ɗinsa na hallaka abokan gabansa ta hanyar fara da Bablu. Daga nan ya ɓace daga wurin a tsakiyar ihun nasara. Da daddare, yayin da yake komawa gida da motarsa ​​tare da direba kawai, wani Bablu mai maye ya yi watsi da masu tsaron lafiyarsa tare da shi. Ba zato ba tsammani, ya lura cewa Baba yana zaune a kujerar direba. Ya tsayar da motar a gaban wani gini na kamfanin gine-gine na Bablu. Cikin tsoro, Bablu ya gudu daga motar, ya shiga ginin ya ga Bijoy yana kusanto shi da bindiga a hannu, kamar allahn mutuwa, a cikin duhu. Bijoy ya harbi Bablu, wanda ya faɗo daga saman bene na tara. Kisansa ya haifar da firgici a duk yankin. Samanta da Mashi duka sun yi taka tsantsan sosai. Mashi ta ƙirƙiro sabuwar dabarar da za ta kawar da Bijoy: ta yi kama da ma'aikaciyar jinya, ta sace Puja mai ciki daga lif ɗin asibiti. Duk da haka, lokacin da ƙofofin lif suka buɗe, Mashi ta kama shi ba tare da an sani ba - Bijoy yana tsaye a wurin da wuka a makogwaron Munna. Ba tare da wani zaɓi ba, ta saki Puja. Puja ba ta gamsu da ayyukan Bijoy ba, domin tana jin hakan zai iya cutar da shi da iyalinsa. Amma Bijoy ba ta kula da komai ba. Wata rana da yamma, da bindiga a hannunsa, ya bi Munna ya harbe shi a tsakiyar kasuwa mai cike da jama'a a gaban kowa. Bayan tashin ramuwar gayya, Mashi ya kai hari gidan Bijoy yana jin haushin mutuwar Munna. Lokacin da Bijoy ya fitar da Puja don duba lafiyarsa, Mashi ya yi garkuwa da surukarsa. Bayan ɗan lokaci, bayan dawowarsa ya buga ƙararrawar ƙofar, mutanen Mashi suka bi Puja yayin da suka buɗe ƙofar. A halin yanzu, Bijoy ya yi sauri ya koma ya bi shi. Duk da haka, 'yan daba sun sake samun nasara a hannun Vijay. Bayan ya kammala cewa cin zarafin Mashi shine kawai mafita mai kyau, Bijoy ya shiga ofishin Samanta wata rana; yana yi masa barazana da bindiga, ya umarce shi da ya yi abin da ya ga dama. Daga baya Samanta ya kira wani babban taron manema labarai a gidan gonarsa, yana sanar da niyyarsa ta kawo ƙarshen mulkin mafia na birnin—wani kamfen da ya ayyana zai fara da Mashi. Samanta, wanda tsoronsa kawai ya jawo, ya bayyana Masi a bainar jama'a a matsayin "mai iko" da ke da alhakin laifuka da dama: kisan gillar Satyabrata da Raju, ɓacewar Bablu, har ma da yunƙurin kashe matar Bijoy a kan ababen hawa. A cikin yunƙurinsa na kare mutuncin kansa na jama'a, Samanta yana shirin tserewa zuwa Delhi da wani fayil da ke bayyana duk ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa na Bindu Mashi. A halin yanzu, yana riƙe da aska a makogwaronsa, Baba ya tilasta masa ya ba Mashi ƙarya da aka riga aka tsara, yana ɓatar da ita ta yarda cewa Samanta ya matsa wa 'yan sanda su ba ta umarni "harbi a kan idonta". Bayan hakan ya sa Mashi ya mamaye gidan Samanta ya kashe shi da mugun nufi kafin ya tsere. A kan hanyarsu ta dawowa, yayin da suke wucewa wurin kone gawarwaki, wasu gungun 'yan wasan dhol suka toshe hanyar motar Mashi ba zato ba tsammani. An bayyana cewa shugabansu Ranabir ne, wanda ke magana da salon barkwanci, ya sanar da cewa bayan ya bar aikin 'yan sanda, yanzu ya fara sabuwar sana'a: duk lokacin da ya sami labarin mutuwar wani, sai ya yi gaggawar zuwa wurin da 'yan wasan dhol da cymbal. Mashi ta firgita sosai lokacin da ta ga Bijoy tana fitowa daga inuwa. Yana tafiya zuwa ga salon ganguna, sai ya ɗaga shi da kansa ya buge taron 'yan daba a ƙasa, yana murkushe su sosai. Mashi, yana nuna halin rashin hankali, ya yi masa tsawa; duk da haka, Bijoy ya yi ta dukanta da bulala akai-akai. Mashi ta samu 'yancinta da ƙarfi, ta yi ƙoƙarin bi ta da motarta; amma Bijoy ta yi tsalle sama a daidai lokacin da motar Mashi ta yi karo da transformer kuma ta fashe. Sai Bijoy ya yi wa Ranabir bayani, yana furta niyyarsa ta barin birnin domin kada ɗansa ya girma a tsakiyar mummunan ta'addancin da ke addabar wurin. Duk da haka, Puja da Baba suka isa wurin suka roƙe shi kada ya bar birnin, suna roƙonsa ya zauna don tunawa da Raju. A cikin tunaninsa, Bijoy ya ji muryar Raju tana tabbatar masa cewa zai ci gaba da rayuwa a cikinsu har abada. == Masu ba da labari == * Jeet a matsayin Bijoy * Koel Mallick a matsayin Puja, malamin makaranta kuma matar Bijoy * Anshu Bach (wanda aka ba da izini a matsayin Master Anshu) a matsayin Raju, ɗan'uwan Bijoy * Tapas Paul a matsayin DSP Ranabir Roy * Anamika Saha a matsayin Bindu Mashi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Sneha |date=2023-11-05 |title=‘চড় খেয়েছি, পায়ে পড়েছি’, বৃদ্ধ হতেই আজ মুখ ফিরিয়ে নিয়েছে টলিউড! মুখ খুললেন ‘বিন্দু মাসি’ অনামিকা |url=https://bongtrend.com/veteran-tollywood-actress-anamika-saha-unknown-story-sp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260424063129/https://bongtrend.com/veteran-tollywood-actress-anamika-saha-unknown-story-sp |archive-date=2026-04-24 |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=Bong Trend |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-11-06 |title=4 more such Tolly - Blockbusters could be made with Saawariya's promo budget |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/4-more-such-tolly-blockbusters-could-be-made-with-saawariya-s-promo-budget/cid/1553540 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425053336/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/4-more-such-tolly-blockbusters-could-be-made-with-saawariya-s-promo-budget/cid/1553540 |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> * Rajatava Dutta a matsayin Binoy Samanta, babban dan siyasa * Shankar Chakroborty a matsayin Bablu Koley, adawar Bindu Mashi * Rajesh Sharma a matsayin Baba Sheikh * Sumit Ganguly a matsayin Munna, ɗan'uwan Mashi * Boshishattwa Majumder a matsayin Adv. Satyabrata Roy, lauya ne na hukumar kare hakkin dan adam kuma mahaifin Puja * Santana Basu a matsayin matar Satyabrata * Mrityun Hazra a matsayin SI Basak * Ashok Mukherjee a matsayin shugaban<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-06-04 |title=Film biz is threat-free if you understand it well: Jeet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/film-biz-is-threat-free-if-you-understand-it-well-jeet/articleshow/69635184.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425044943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/favicon.ico |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> == Saki == <ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-27 |title=Cinema 27-12-2006 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/cinema-27-12-2006/cid/1129214 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425054602/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/cinema-27-12-2006/cid/1129214 |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> == manazarta== {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|4771744|Ghatak}} * GhatakaAkwatin wasiƙa {{Swapan Saha}} dhri9zwftt26y2121bkkmb0cgf2gvet 826970 826727 2026-04-27T10:40:35Z Mahuta 11340 826970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Ghatak''''' fim ne na siyasa na [[Indiya]] da aka yi a shekarar 2006 wanda Swapan Saha ya jagoranta. Nispal Singh ne ya shirya shi a ƙarƙashin tutar Surinder Films, fim ɗin ya fito a matsayin jarumi, tare da Tapas Paul, Anamika Saha, Rajatava Dutta, Shankar Chakroborty, Rajesh Sharma da Sumit Ganguly a wasu muhimman ayyuka. Wannan ya biyo bayan rikidewar wani marar laifi zuwa mutum mai ɗaukar fansa bayan kisan gillar da aka yi wa ɗan'uwansa saboda ya shaida kisan gillar da 'yan daba na siyasa suka yi masa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-01-17 |title=Koel-Jeet chemistry |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/koel-jeet-chemistry/cid/460053 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425055752/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/koel-jeet-chemistry/cid/460053 |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> An fitar da ''Ghatak'' a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2006. Ya sami amsa mai kyau, musamman masu suka sun yi sharhi kan jigon fim ɗin, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, waƙoƙin sauti da kuma fim ɗin sinima. Duk da cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Bengali mafi tsada a shekara, fim ɗin ya yi nasara kaɗan a ofishin talla, inda ya sami sama da ₹32.7 crores. Ghatak ya girma ya zama fim mai ƙarfi na addini tsawon shekaru, inda aka yaba wa rawar da Jeet ya taka a matsayin mai fafutukar aikata laifuka.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-11 |title=Jeet, Koel share the secret of their chemistry |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeet-koel-share-the-secret-of-their-chemistry/articleshow/11302168.cms#:~:text=You%20can%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD,s%20a%20sweetness%20about%20their%20jodi. |access-date=2026-04-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> == Makirci == Fim ɗin ya fara ne da kisan gilla da dama da aka yi a tituna da kasuwannin Kolkata, inda aka bayyana cewa duk waɗanda abin ya shafa 'yan iska ne. Sai DSP Ranabir Roy, babban jami'in 'yan sanda na yankin, ya kama mai kisan kai da hannu biyu. Yayin da yake yi wa Bijoy mai ɗaukar fansa tambayoyi, mutumin da ke da hannu a kisan gillar da aka yi a kan titunan jama'a a cikin dare, Ranabir ya yi masa magana a kai a matsayin "mai laifi"; wannan ya sa Bijoy ya fusata ya fara bayyana yanayin da ya haifar da mummunan ƙaddararsa. Fim ɗin ya koma wani sabon salo, lokacin da Bijoy ya zo Kolkata don ya sa ƙaninsa Raju ya yi karatu. Da suka isa yankin Uttarpara da ke Kolkata, sai suka ga babban hayaniyar siyasa da jefa bam ba tare da wani dalili ba da ke faruwa a wurin. Sun firgita sosai lokacin da suka ga Bablu Koley, ɗan ta'adda na yankin kuma shugaban jam'iyyar adawa mai tasowa, yana kashe wani mai wucewa a bainar jama'a da kuma tsohon mai taimaka masa a tsakiyar taron jama'a. Duk da haka, lokacin da 'yan sanda suka isa wurin, sai suka haɗa mutane da yawa da ke tsaye a wurin - ciki har da Bijoy da Raju a cikin wata mota suka yi awon gaba da su a matsayin masu tayar da zaune tsaye, duk da sanin hannun Bablu a kisan. A halin yanzu, Satyabrata Roy, sanannen lauya na Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, ya isa can; kallonsa kawai ya isa ya sa jinin ɗan sanda mai cin hanci, Basak, ya yi sanyi. Satyabrata ya ba Bijoy da Raju mafaka a gidansa. Yayin da yake zaune a can, Bijoy ya fara aiki a matsayin direban tasi don hidimar ajiyar wuri. Puja, 'yar Satyabrata kuma malamar makaranta, ta shirya shigar Raju makarantarta. Ba da daɗewa ba suka canza salon rayuwarsu suka zama mazauna birni. A hankali, dangantaka ta fara bunƙasa tsakanin Bijoy da Puja. Duk da haka, Bindu Mashi, ɗan takarar jam'iyya mai mulki, wanda ya fi Bablu tsõro a yankin, ta ga kanta a cikin rikici da Satyabrata. Mashi ta yi tawali'u ta roƙi Satyabrata da ta janye ƙarar da aka shigar a kanta; duk da haka, a matsayinta na lauya mai himma, Satyabrata ta ƙi yin hakan. Sakamakon haka, Mashi ya kashe shi, wani abu da Raju ya shaida ta hanyar haɗuwa. Mashi ya aika mutane su kashe Raju; a halin yanzu, Bablu shi ma ya aika da mutanensa don su kama Raju, yana nufin amfani da shi a matsayin shaidarsa kawai - katinsa na ban mamaki, don shigar da ƙara a kan Mashi ga Hukumar Zaɓe. A halin yanzu, yana bin shawarar Puja da mahaifiyarta bazawara, Bijoy ya yanke shawarar mayar da Raju ƙauyensu. A tashar jirgin ƙasa, an yi faɗa da bindiga da kuma faɗa da makamai tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu masu hamayya da ke fafutukar kama Raju; A tsakiyar rudanin, ɗaya daga cikin mayaƙan Masi ya yi wa jikin Raju tambayoyi da harsasai. Da jin waɗannan kalaman daga Bijoy, Ranbir ya ƙara masa kwarin gwiwa, yana mai cewa mai kisan kai ne kawai zai iya kawar da waɗannan maƙiyan al'umma; in ba haka ba, yara da yawa kamar Raju za su faɗa hannunsu. Ya saki Bijoy, yana yi masa gargaɗi cewa idan ya yi niyyar kashe wani a nan gaba, dole ne ya tabbatar an kammala aikin sosai; domin, mutane biyu daga cikin mutanen da Bijoy ya kai wa hari a baya suna da rai kuma Ranabir ya kawar da su daga baya a wani fafatawa. Ana iya ganin babban hamayya da ke tattare da yakin neman zaɓen Majalisar da ke tafe tsakanin Bablu da Mashi. Bablu, wanda ya taɓa kashe mijin Mashi, ya yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da ikonsa a yankinta; duk da cewa yana gab da cimma burinsa, a ƙarshe ya gaza yin nasara. Binoy Samanta, wani minista mai cin hanci da rashawa yana goyon bayansu kuma yana ba su dukkansu don amfanin kansa. Kullum yana yawo tare da Bablu a lokacin gangamin kamfen; duk da haka, gaskiyar cewa bai isa ya shiga kamfen ɗin Mashi ya bar mata tunani mai zurfi. Yayin da take yaƙin neman zaɓe, Mashi ta yi wa Puja barazana a hankali, tana gargadin cewa ba za a jefa ƙuri'a ɗaya daga yankinsu ga 'yan adawa ba; in ba haka ba, tabbas za ta yi alƙawarin ɗaukar fansa da zarar an kammala zaɓen. Duk da cewa ta nuna halin ladabi da ladabi tana mu'amala da jama'a a lokacin kamfen da gangamin, kowa ya san ainihin halinta; amma saboda tsoron ɗan'uwanta da kuma Munna, mai ƙarfi a yankin, babu wanda ya isa ya yi magana. Duk da cewa Ranabir yana kan aiki a ranar zaɓe, bayan ya sami rahotannin tashin hankali a rumfar zaɓe a yankin Dakshinpara, ya bar Basak a matsayin mai kula da muƙaminsu na yanzu ya tafi don ya magance lamarin a can. Bayan Basak ya tura Munna da gungunsa suka shiga rumfar, suka fara shirya makirci a madadin Mashi, suka kuma kori mutane ta hanyar yi musu barazana da bindiga. Duk da samun rahotanni daga kowa game da waɗannan abubuwan, Basak ta yi shiru gaba ɗaya game da lamarin. A halin yanzu, lokacin da Puja ta shiga rumfar, Munna ta ba ta izinin shiga ta kuma ba ta damar kada kuri'arta ba tare da wata matsala ba. Duk da haka, lokacin da Puja ta ƙi zaɓar Bindu Mashi, Munna ta kwace mayafinta ta yi ƙoƙarin lalata da ita a can. A lokacin faɗan da ya biyo baya, Puja ta sami rauni a leɓenta wanda ya jawo jini; yayin da ta gudu daga wurin, Munna ta saki mayafinsa don su bi ta. A daidai lokacin, Bijoy ya isa wurin ya fara dukan Munna ba tare da tausayi ba, tare da duk mayafinsa - a cikin cibiyar zaɓe. Basak ya ɗaga bindigarsa don ya tsayar da shi, amma Bijoy ya ci gaba da dukansa saboda rashin ɗaukar mataki kan zaɓen da aka yi da magudi da kuma yi wa Munna ihu. Lokacin da Ranbir ya isa wurin, Bijoy ya ba shi labarin dukkan abubuwan da suka faru. Ya tattara jini daga raunin da ke goshin Basak a babban yatsansa, Bijoy ya danna babban yatsa a kan takardar da babu komai, yana zama shaida kan sammacin kama Munna da abokan aikinsa, sannan ya miƙa wa Ranabir, yana umartarsa ​​da ya rubuta rubutun da ke tare da shi bisa ga tsari na yau da kullun; sannan, ya ɗauki mayafin Puja, ya jefa ƙuri'arsa ya fita daga harabar. Cikin fushi, Bindu Mashi ya yi gaggawar zuwa ofishin 'yan sanda ya fara yi wa Ranabir barazana, yana neman a sake shi; duk da haka, daga ƙarshe an tilasta mata ja da baya, sakamakon jajircewarsa da taurin kai. Bayan ɗan lokaci, ta hanyar yaɗa jita-jita ta ƙarya game da tarzoma a cikin unguwar talakawa ta Uttarpara, ta haka ta yaudari Ranabir da sauran jami'an su bar ofishin, ta aika da wasu mutane don su fitar da Munna. Da suka shiga ofishin, mutanenta suka kai wa 'yan sanda hari da sauran jami'an a yunƙurin kama Munna. A halin yanzu, da suka isa gidan talakawa kuma ba su ga wata alamar wata matsala ba, Ranabir ya fahimci ainihin maƙarƙashiyar; yana tsoron tserewar Munna, sai ya yi sauri ya koma ofishin ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. Yayin da ya shiga harabar, ganin jami'an da suka ji rauni suna ƙarya ya tabbatar da zarginsa; duk da haka, ya yi mamakin ganin Bijoy zaune a gaban makullin da makullan a hannu, kuma ya gano cewa - wasu 'yan daba ashirin sun haɗu da su a ciki tare da Munna da abokansa. Da wannan shirin nata ya lalace, Mashi ta cika da fushi. Bayan wannan lamarin, Bijoy ta afka cikin maɓoyarta, kuma ta yi mata kallon barazana: kamar yadda suka haɗu don kashe Raju, zai kashe su ta wannan hanyar. Bayan fafatawarsa da Mashi, Bijoy ya sami suna a yankin. Ya yi abota da Baba Sheikh, wanda a da ya kasance jarumin Musulmi na yankin. Baba ma ya yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ƙarfinsa da Bijoy a wani lokaci, amma daga baya ya haɗa kai da shi a rikicin da ya biyo baya maimakon yin amfani da ikonsa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, bayan Bijoy ya ba da jininsa ga ɗan Baba wanda ya ji rauni a wani rikici. A halin yanzu, Bablu ya tunkare shi ta hanyar ba shi kuɗi mai yawa don ya yi masa aiki; duk da haka, Bijoy ya yi masa irin wannan barazanar. Bablu ya yi mamakin wannan kuma, cikin fushi, ya umurci Samanta da ta ɗauki mataki a kansa. Saboda haka, Bablu da Mashi sun haɗu don kawar da Bijoy. Da yake amfani da damar da ya samu a harkar siyasa tsawon shekaru da yawa, wanda ya kare sunansa daga kowace aibi, Samanta ya aika da mutane su kira Bijoy, yana tabbatar masa da cewa zai nemi afuwa kan ayyukan Munna marasa kyau. Da fatan samun adalci mai kyau game da kisan Raju da kuma ganin an ɗauki matakai masu tsauri don dakile wannan mulkin ta'addanci, Bijoy ya tafi gidan Samanta. Duk da haka, Samanta ya bayyana ainihin launinsa kuma ya nemi takardar yatsan Bijoy ta janye shari'ar da ake yi wa Munna. Lokacin da Bijoy ya ƙi bin umarnin, wasu gungun 'yan daba suka shigo suka afka masa. Mashi ya sa shi suma ta hanyar dukansa a bayan kansa da fitilar tagulla, yayin da Bablu ya ci gaba da samun sawun yatsun hannunsa da ƙarfi. Da wannan takardar beli, ta je ofishin 'yan sanda don tabbatar da sakin Munna; duk da haka, cikin fushi, Ranabir ya zaro bindigarsa ya nufi wurinta. A daidai lokacin, Samanta ta bayyana tare da lauyansa kuma ta kore shi daga rundunar tana zarginsa da kai hari kan wata mata a cikin ofishin 'yan sanda. A halin yanzu, Bablu ya jefa Bijoy cikin wani rami a kan titi zuwa wani wuri da ke nesa da Kolkata, wanda hakan ya sa bai iya komawa baya ba. Baba da Puja sun gaji da neman Bijoy a wurare daban-daban. Wata rana, wani yaro ya hango Bijoy a cikin ramin ta cikin wani rami a cikin rufin; ya tara jama'a suka fito da shi tare. Don kai shi asibiti, mutane suka nuna motar da ke wucewa, wacce Baba ke zaune a ciki. Ya kai Bijoy asibiti a asirce, inda Baba ya warke a hankali sannan ya auri Puja. A halin yanzu, Bablu ya lashe zaben fidda gwani kuma aka shirya babban gangamin jama'a don taya shi murna. Ba zato ba tsammani, bayan ya fito daga tsakiyar taron, Bijoy ya taka kan dandamali. Samanta mai tsoro ta yi ihu, kuma nan da nan rundunar 'yan sanda ta harba bindigarsu kan Bijoy. A daidai lokacin, ya cire wani mayafi na bikin daga ƙarƙashin rigarsa, ya sanya shi a wuyan mutane uku, kuma ya yi alƙawarin zai fara kamfen ɗinsa na hallaka abokan gabansa ta hanyar fara da Bablu. Daga nan ya ɓace daga wurin a tsakiyar ihun nasara. Da daddare, yayin da yake komawa gida da motarsa ​​tare da direba kawai, wani Bablu mai maye ya yi watsi da masu tsaron lafiyarsa tare da shi. Ba zato ba tsammani, ya lura cewa Baba yana zaune a kujerar direba. Ya tsayar da motar a gaban wani gini na kamfanin gine-gine na Bablu. Cikin tsoro, Bablu ya gudu daga motar, ya shiga ginin ya ga Bijoy yana kusanto shi da bindiga a hannu, kamar allahn mutuwa, a cikin duhu. Bijoy ya harbi Bablu, wanda ya faɗo daga saman bene na tara. Kisansa ya haifar da firgici a duk yankin. Samanta da Mashi duka sun yi taka tsantsan sosai. Mashi ta ƙirƙiro sabuwar dabarar da za ta kawar da Bijoy: ta yi kama da ma'aikaciyar jinya, ta sace Puja mai ciki daga lif ɗin asibiti. Duk da haka, lokacin da ƙofofin lif suka buɗe, Mashi ta kama shi ba tare da an sani ba - Bijoy yana tsaye a wurin da wuka a makogwaron Munna. Ba tare da wani zaɓi ba, ta saki Puja. Puja ba ta gamsu da ayyukan Bijoy ba, domin tana jin hakan zai iya cutar da shi da iyalinsa. Amma Bijoy ba ta kula da komai ba. Wata rana da yamma, da bindiga a hannunsa, ya bi Munna ya harbe shi a tsakiyar kasuwa mai cike da jama'a a gaban kowa. Bayan tashin ramuwar gayya, Mashi ya kai hari gidan Bijoy yana jin haushin mutuwar Munna. Lokacin da Bijoy ya fitar da Puja don duba lafiyarsa, Mashi ya yi garkuwa da surukarsa. Bayan ɗan lokaci, bayan dawowarsa ya buga ƙararrawar ƙofar, mutanen Mashi suka bi Puja yayin da suka buɗe ƙofar. A halin yanzu, Bijoy ya yi sauri ya koma ya bi shi. Duk da haka, 'yan daba sun sake samun nasara a hannun Vijay. Bayan ya kammala cewa cin zarafin Mashi shine kawai mafita mai kyau, Bijoy ya shiga ofishin Samanta wata rana; yana yi masa barazana da bindiga, ya umarce shi da ya yi abin da ya ga dama. Daga baya Samanta ya kira wani babban taron manema labarai a gidan gonarsa, yana sanar da niyyarsa ta kawo ƙarshen mulkin mafia na birnin—wani kamfen da ya ayyana zai fara da Mashi. Samanta, wanda tsoronsa kawai ya jawo, ya bayyana Masi a bainar jama'a a matsayin "mai iko" da ke da alhakin laifuka da dama: kisan gillar Satyabrata da Raju, ɓacewar Bablu, har ma da yunƙurin kashe matar Bijoy a kan ababen hawa. A cikin yunƙurinsa na kare mutuncin kansa na jama'a, Samanta yana shirin tserewa zuwa Delhi da wani fayil da ke bayyana duk ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa na Bindu Mashi. A halin yanzu, yana riƙe da aska a makogwaronsa, Baba ya tilasta masa ya ba Mashi ƙarya da aka riga aka tsara, yana ɓatar da ita ta yarda cewa Samanta ya matsa wa 'yan sanda su ba ta umarni "harbi a kan idonta". Bayan hakan ya sa Mashi ya mamaye gidan Samanta ya kashe shi da mugun nufi kafin ya tsere. A kan hanyarsu ta dawowa, yayin da suke wucewa wurin kone gawarwaki, wasu gungun 'yan wasan dhol suka toshe hanyar motar Mashi ba zato ba tsammani. An bayyana cewa shugabansu Ranabir ne, wanda ke magana da salon barkwanci, ya sanar da cewa bayan ya bar aikin 'yan sanda, yanzu ya fara sabuwar sana'a: duk lokacin da ya sami labarin mutuwar wani, sai ya yi gaggawar zuwa wurin da 'yan wasan dhol da cymbal. Mashi ta firgita sosai lokacin da ta ga Bijoy tana fitowa daga inuwa. Yana tafiya zuwa ga salon ganguna, sai ya ɗaga shi da kansa ya buge taron 'yan daba a ƙasa, yana murkushe su sosai. Mashi, yana nuna halin rashin hankali, ya yi masa tsawa; duk da haka, Bijoy ya yi ta dukanta da bulala akai-akai. Mashi ta samu 'yancinta da ƙarfi, ta yi ƙoƙarin bi ta da motarta; amma Bijoy ta yi tsalle sama a daidai lokacin da motar Mashi ta yi karo da transformer kuma ta fashe. Sai Bijoy ya yi wa Ranabir bayani, yana furta niyyarsa ta barin birnin domin kada ɗansa ya girma a tsakiyar mummunan ta'addancin da ke addabar wurin. Duk da haka, Puja da Baba suka isa wurin suka roƙe shi kada ya bar birnin, suna roƙonsa ya zauna don tunawa da Raju. A cikin tunaninsa, Bijoy ya ji muryar Raju tana tabbatar masa cewa zai ci gaba da rayuwa a cikinsu har abada. == Masu ba da labari == * Jeet a matsayin Bijoy * Koel Mallick a matsayin Puja, malamin makaranta kuma matar Bijoy * Anshu Bach (wanda aka ba da izini a matsayin Master Anshu) a matsayin Raju, ɗan'uwan Bijoy * Tapas Paul a matsayin DSP Ranabir Roy * Anamika Saha a matsayin Bindu Mashi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Sneha |date=2023-11-05 |title=‘চড় খেয়েছি, পায়ে পড়েছি’, বৃদ্ধ হতেই আজ মুখ ফিরিয়ে নিয়েছে টলিউড! মুখ খুললেন ‘বিন্দু মাসি’ অনামিকা |url=https://bongtrend.com/veteran-tollywood-actress-anamika-saha-unknown-story-sp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260424063129/https://bongtrend.com/veteran-tollywood-actress-anamika-saha-unknown-story-sp |archive-date=2026-04-24 |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=Bong Trend |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-11-06 |title=4 more such Tolly - Blockbusters could be made with Saawariya's promo budget |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/4-more-such-tolly-blockbusters-could-be-made-with-saawariya-s-promo-budget/cid/1553540 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425053336/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/4-more-such-tolly-blockbusters-could-be-made-with-saawariya-s-promo-budget/cid/1553540 |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> * Rajatava Dutta a matsayin Binoy Samanta, babban dan siyasa * Shankar Chakroborty a matsayin Bablu Koley, adawar Bindu Mashi * Rajesh Sharma a matsayin Baba Sheikh * Sumit Ganguly a matsayin Munna, ɗan'uwan Mashi * Boshishattwa Majumder a matsayin Adv. Satyabrata Roy, lauya ne na hukumar kare hakkin dan adam kuma mahaifin Puja * Santana Basu a matsayin matar Satyabrata * Mrityun Hazra a matsayin SI Basak * Ashok Mukherjee a matsayin shugaban<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-06-04 |title=Film biz is threat-free if you understand it well: Jeet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/film-biz-is-threat-free-if-you-understand-it-well-jeet/articleshow/69635184.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425044943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/favicon.ico |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> == Saki == <ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-27 |title=Cinema 27-12-2006 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/cinema-27-12-2006/cid/1129214 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425054602/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/cinema-27-12-2006/cid/1129214 |archive-date=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> == manazarta== {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|4771744|Ghatak}} * GhatakaAkwatin wasiƙa {{Swapan Saha}} d1k1072yoftzlglm2lsuo0mylcwvvgc 0 148587 826718 2026-04-26T17:29:50Z M Bash Ne 12403 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350875702|Domkat Bali]]" 826718 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Domkat Yah Bali''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1940 - ya mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2020) ya kasance Janar ɗin [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojojin Najeriya]] mai [[Military star ranking|taurari huɗu]], wanda ya kasance Ministan Tsaro da Shugaban Ma'aikatan Tsaro daga shekarar 1984 zuwa shekara ta 1990, kuma memba na Babban Kwamitin Sojoji na shekarar 1984-1985, da kuma Majalisar Sojojin Sojoji ta shekarar 1985-1990. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Bali a garin Langtang, Jihar Plateau ga iyalin Hassan Bali Tabut da Yinkat Bali . Ya yi karatun firamare a Mban, Langtang kuma daga shekarar 1955 zuwa shekara ta 1960, ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta lardin a Kuru . Ya halarci [[Jami'ar Tsaron Najeriya|Kwalejin Horar da Sojojin Najeriya]] daga Afrilu zuwa watan Agustan shekara ta 1961. Daga watan Disambar shekarar 1961 zuwa watan Disambar shekarar 1963, ya halarci Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, inda ya sami kwamishinsa a matsayin mataimakin a shekarar 1964. == Ayyuka == Bali ya zama kyaftin bayan shekara guda a shekarar 1965. A shekara ta 1966, ya kasance kwamandan batir kuma a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]], ya kasance kwamandalin runduna. An sanya shi a matsayin babban jami'i a shekarar 1968. Tsakanin shekarar 1970 da shekara ta 1971, Bali ya kasance kwamandan, Corps of Artillery kuma daga baya ya zama Colonel a Division na biyu na Infantry a Ibadan . A shekara ta 1973, an tura shi zuwa [[Akure]] a matsayin kwamandan Brigade na 9th Infantry, ya kasance babban janar na sojojin Najeriya a shekara ta 1975, kwamandan Corps of Artillery a shekara ta 1976 kuma a shekara ta 1978, shi ne GOC na Rukunin Sojoji na Farko, Kaduna . Kafin ya zama Ministan Tsaro a shekarar 1984, ya kasance Kwamandan Kwamandan Sojojin Najeriya da Kwalejin Ma'aikata daga shekarar 1981 zuwa shekara ta 1983 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Commandants |url=https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301052946/https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45 |archive-date=1 March 2016 |access-date=20 February 2016 |website=Armed Forces Command and Staff College Jaji}}</ref> kuma daga baya darektan horar da sojoji da ayyukan. Ya yi murabus daga aikin gwamnati a watan Janairun shekarar 1990. Ya kasance Shugaban HFP Injiniya, masu gina Victoria Garden City, Legas Najeriya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, 'yan majalisa na Tarok ne suka zaba shi karkashin jagorancin Madakin Langtang, HRH Daniel Lamda Bongtur don cin nasarar Lt. Hrm. Edward Cirdap Zhattau (ba da daɗewa ba) a matsayin Ponzhi Tarok, babban mai mulkin mutanen Tarok na jihar tsaunuka. Ya auri Esther Bali malamin ilimi kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Nanna da Ponfa. == Mutuwa == Bali ta mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2020. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] dsizw8pwget0v8zs7jat723rw8bgzl3 826719 826718 2026-04-26T17:30:18Z M Bash Ne 12403 826719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Domkat Yah Bali''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1940 - ya mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2020) ya kasance Janar ɗin [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojojin Najeriya]] mai [[Military star ranking|taurari huɗu]], wanda ya kasance Ministan Tsaro da Shugaban Ma'aikatan Tsaro daga shekarar 1984 zuwa shekara ta 1990, kuma memba na Babban Kwamitin Sojoji na shekarar 1984-1985, da kuma Majalisar Sojojin Sojoji ta shekarar 1985-1990. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Bali a garin Langtang, Jihar Plateau ga iyalin Hassan Bali Tabut da Yinkat Bali . Ya yi karatun firamare a Mban, Langtang kuma daga shekarar 1955 zuwa shekara ta 1960, ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta lardin a Kuru . Ya halarci [[Jami'ar Tsaron Najeriya|Kwalejin Horar da Sojojin Najeriya]] daga Afrilu zuwa watan Agustan shekara ta 1961. Daga watan Disambar shekarar 1961 zuwa watan Disambar shekarar 1963, ya halarci Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, inda ya sami kwamishinsa a matsayin mataimakin a shekarar 1964. == Ayyuka == Bali ya zama kyaftin bayan shekara guda a shekarar 1965. A shekara ta 1966, ya kasance kwamandan batir kuma a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]], ya kasance kwamandalin runduna. An sanya shi a matsayin babban jami'i a shekarar 1968. Tsakanin shekarar 1970 da shekara ta 1971, Bali ya kasance kwamandan, Corps of Artillery kuma daga baya ya zama Colonel a Division na biyu na Infantry a Ibadan . A shekara ta 1973, an tura shi zuwa [[Akure]] a matsayin kwamandan Brigade na 9th Infantry, ya kasance babban janar na sojojin Najeriya a shekara ta 1975, kwamandan Corps of Artillery a shekara ta 1976 kuma a shekara ta 1978, shi ne GOC na Rukunin Sojoji na Farko, Kaduna . Kafin ya zama Ministan Tsaro a shekarar 1984, ya kasance Kwamandan Kwamandan Sojojin Najeriya da Kwalejin Ma'aikata daga shekarar 1981 zuwa shekara ta 1983 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Commandants |url=https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301052946/https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45 |archive-date=1 March 2016 |access-date=20 February 2016 |website=Armed Forces Command and Staff College Jaji}}</ref> kuma daga baya darektan horar da sojoji da ayyukan. Ya yi murabus daga aikin gwamnati a watan Janairun shekarar 1990. Ya kasance Shugaban HFP Injiniya, masu gina Victoria Garden City, Legas Najeriya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, 'yan majalisa na Tarok ne suka zaba shi karkashin jagorancin Madakin Langtang, HRH Daniel Lamda Bongtur don cin nasarar Lt. Hrm. Edward Cirdap Zhattau (ba da daɗewa ba) a matsayin Ponzhi Tarok, babban mai mulkin mutanen Tarok na jihar tsaunuka. Ya auri Esther Bali malamin ilimi kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Nanna da Ponfa. == Mutuwa == Bali ta mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2020. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] cnd0y4ov1dffkpu0x4hiw5j7iw2j12s 826724 826719 2026-04-26T18:04:04Z Lawan Bala 15944 /* Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi */ 826724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Domkat Yah Bali''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1940 - ya mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2020) ya kasance Janar ɗin [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojojin Najeriya]] mai [[Military star ranking|taurari huɗu]], wanda ya kasance Ministan Tsaro da Shugaban Ma'aikatan Tsaro daga shekarar 1984 zuwa shekara ta 1990, kuma memba na Babban Kwamitin Sojoji na shekarar 1984-1985, da kuma Majalisar Sojojin Sojoji ta shekarar 1985-1990. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Bali a garin Langtang, Jihar Plateau ga iyalin Hassan Bali Tabut da Yinkat Bali . Ya yi karatun firamare a Mban, Langtang kuma daga shekarar 1955 zuwa shekara ta 1960, ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta lardin a Kuru . Ya halarci [[Jami'ar Tsaron Najeriya|Kwalejin Horar da Sojojin Najeriya]] daga Afrilu zuwa watan Agustan shekara ta 1961. Daga watan Disambar shekarar 1961 zuwa watan Disambar shekarar 1963, ya halarci Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, inda ya sami kwamishinsa a matsayin mataimakin a shekarar 1964.<ref>{{cite book|author=Armed Forces Ruling Council (Nigeria)|title=Profiles of Members of the Armed Forces Ruling Council|publisher=Federal Ministry of Information & Culture|orig-year=1990|year=1992|page=13}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Bali ya zama kyaftin bayan shekara guda a shekarar 1965. A shekara ta 1966, ya kasance kwamandan batir kuma a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]], ya kasance kwamandalin runduna. An sanya shi a matsayin babban jami'i a shekarar 1968. Tsakanin shekarar 1970 da shekara ta 1971, Bali ya kasance kwamandan, Corps of Artillery kuma daga baya ya zama Colonel a Division na biyu na Infantry a Ibadan . A shekara ta 1973, an tura shi zuwa [[Akure]] a matsayin kwamandan Brigade na 9th Infantry, ya kasance babban janar na sojojin Najeriya a shekara ta 1975, kwamandan Corps of Artillery a shekara ta 1976 kuma a shekara ta 1978, shi ne GOC na Rukunin Sojoji na Farko, Kaduna . Kafin ya zama Ministan Tsaro a shekarar 1984, ya kasance Kwamandan Kwamandan Sojojin Najeriya da Kwalejin Ma'aikata daga shekarar 1981 zuwa shekara ta 1983 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Commandants |url=https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301052946/https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45 |archive-date=1 March 2016 |access-date=20 February 2016 |website=Armed Forces Command and Staff College Jaji}}</ref> kuma daga baya darektan horar da sojoji da ayyukan. Ya yi murabus daga aikin gwamnati a watan Janairun shekarar 1990. Ya kasance Shugaban HFP Injiniya, masu gina Victoria Garden City, Legas Najeriya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, 'yan majalisa na Tarok ne suka zaba shi karkashin jagorancin Madakin Langtang, HRH Daniel Lamda Bongtur don cin nasarar Lt. Hrm. Edward Cirdap Zhattau (ba da daɗewa ba) a matsayin Ponzhi Tarok, babban mai mulkin mutanen Tarok na jihar tsaunuka. Ya auri Esther Bali malamin ilimi kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Nanna da Ponfa. == Mutuwa == Bali ta mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2020. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] 5y0wkvq4mnjhx193ywhrnon050xh2tp 826725 826724 2026-04-26T18:05:26Z Lawan Bala 15944 /* Ayyuka */ 826725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Domkat Yah Bali''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1940 - ya mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2020) ya kasance Janar ɗin [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojojin Najeriya]] mai [[Military star ranking|taurari huɗu]], wanda ya kasance Ministan Tsaro da Shugaban Ma'aikatan Tsaro daga shekarar 1984 zuwa shekara ta 1990, kuma memba na Babban Kwamitin Sojoji na shekarar 1984-1985, da kuma Majalisar Sojojin Sojoji ta shekarar 1985-1990. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Bali a garin Langtang, Jihar Plateau ga iyalin Hassan Bali Tabut da Yinkat Bali . Ya yi karatun firamare a Mban, Langtang kuma daga shekarar 1955 zuwa shekara ta 1960, ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta lardin a Kuru . Ya halarci [[Jami'ar Tsaron Najeriya|Kwalejin Horar da Sojojin Najeriya]] daga Afrilu zuwa watan Agustan shekara ta 1961. Daga watan Disambar shekarar 1961 zuwa watan Disambar shekarar 1963, ya halarci Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, inda ya sami kwamishinsa a matsayin mataimakin a shekarar 1964.<ref>{{cite book|author=Armed Forces Ruling Council (Nigeria)|title=Profiles of Members of the Armed Forces Ruling Council|publisher=Federal Ministry of Information & Culture|orig-year=1990|year=1992|page=13}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Bali ya zama kyaftin bayan shekara guda a shekarar 1965. A shekara ta 1966, ya kasance kwamandan batir kuma a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]], ya kasance kwamandalin runduna. An sanya shi a matsayin babban jami'i a shekarar 1968. Tsakanin shekarar 1970 da shekara ta 1971, Bali ya kasance kwamandan, Corps of Artillery kuma daga baya ya zama Colonel a Division na biyu na Infantry a Ibadan . <ref>{{cite web|title=Past Commandants|url=https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45|website=Armed Forces Command and Staff College Jaji|access-date=20 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301052946/https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45|archive-date=1 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>A shekara ta 1973, an tura shi zuwa [[Akure]] a matsayin kwamandan Brigade na 9th Infantry, ya kasance babban janar na sojojin Najeriya a shekara ta 1975, kwamandan Corps of Artillery a shekara ta 1976 kuma a shekara ta 1978, shi ne GOC na Rukunin Sojoji na Farko, Kaduna . Kafin ya zama Ministan Tsaro a shekarar 1984, ya kasance Kwamandan Kwamandan Sojojin Najeriya da Kwalejin Ma'aikata daga shekarar 1981 zuwa shekara ta 1983 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Commandants |url=https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301052946/https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45 |archive-date=1 March 2016 |access-date=20 February 2016 |website=Armed Forces Command and Staff College Jaji}}</ref> kuma daga baya darektan horar da sojoji da ayyukan. Ya yi murabus daga aikin gwamnati a watan Janairun shekarar 1990. Ya kasance Shugaban HFP Injiniya, masu gina Victoria Garden City, Legas Najeriya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, 'yan majalisa na Tarok ne suka zaba shi karkashin jagorancin Madakin Langtang, HRH Daniel Lamda Bongtur don cin nasarar Lt. Hrm. Edward Cirdap Zhattau (ba da daɗewa ba) a matsayin Ponzhi Tarok, babban mai mulkin mutanen Tarok na jihar tsaunuka. Ya auri Esther Bali malamin ilimi kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Nanna da Ponfa. == Mutuwa == Bali ta mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2020. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] hpc3atlcyxrihbd7s1tcomadk4bydmn 826971 826725 2026-04-27T10:41:20Z Mahuta 11340 826971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Domkat Yah Bali''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1940 - ya mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2020) ya kasance Janar ɗin [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojojin Najeriya]] mai [[Military star ranking|taurari huɗu]], wanda ya kasance Ministan Tsaro da Shugaban Ma'aikatan Tsaro daga shekarar 1984 zuwa shekara ta 1990, kuma memba na Babban Kwamitin Sojoji na shekarar 1984-1985, da kuma Majalisar Sojojin Sojoji ta shekarar 1985-1990. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Bali a garin Langtang, [[Jihar Plateau]] ga iyalin Hassan Bali Tabut da Yinkat Bali . Ya yi karatun firamare a Mban, Langtang kuma daga shekarar 1955 zuwa shekara ta 1960, ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta lardin a Kuru . Ya halarci [[Jami'ar Tsaron Najeriya|Kwalejin Horar da Sojojin Najeriya]] daga Afrilu zuwa watan Agustan shekara ta 1961. Daga watan Disambar shekarar 1961 zuwa watan Disambar shekarar 1963, ya halarci Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, inda ya sami kwamishinsa a matsayin mataimakin a shekarar 1964.<ref>{{cite book|author=Armed Forces Ruling Council (Nigeria)|title=Profiles of Members of the Armed Forces Ruling Council|publisher=Federal Ministry of Information & Culture|orig-year=1990|year=1992|page=13}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Bali ya zama kyaftin bayan shekara guda a shekarar 1965. A shekara ta 1966, ya kasance kwamandan batir kuma a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]], ya kasance kwamandalin runduna. An sanya shi a matsayin babban jami'i a shekarar 1968. Tsakanin shekarar 1970 da shekara ta 1971, Bali ya kasance kwamandan, Corps of Artillery kuma daga baya ya zama Colonel a Division na biyu na Infantry a Ibadan . <ref>{{cite web|title=Past Commandants|url=https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45|website=Armed Forces Command and Staff College Jaji|access-date=20 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301052946/https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45|archive-date=1 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>A shekara ta 1973, an tura shi zuwa [[Akure]] a matsayin kwamandan Brigade na 9th Infantry, ya kasance babban janar na sojojin Najeriya a shekara ta 1975, kwamandan Corps of Artillery a shekara ta 1976 kuma a shekara ta 1978, shi ne GOC na Rukunin Sojoji na Farko, Kaduna . Kafin ya zama Ministan Tsaro a shekarar 1984, ya kasance Kwamandan Kwamandan Sojojin Najeriya da Kwalejin Ma'aikata daga shekarar 1981 zuwa shekara ta 1983 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Commandants |url=https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301052946/https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45 |archive-date=1 March 2016 |access-date=20 February 2016 |website=Armed Forces Command and Staff College Jaji}}</ref> kuma daga baya darektan horar da sojoji da ayyukan. Ya yi murabus daga aikin gwamnati a watan Janairun shekarar 1990. Ya kasance Shugaban HFP Injiniya, masu gina Victoria Garden City, Legas Najeriya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, 'yan majalisa na Tarok ne suka zaba shi karkashin jagorancin Madakin Langtang, HRH Daniel Lamda Bongtur don cin nasarar Lt. Hrm. Edward Cirdap Zhattau (ba da daɗewa ba) a matsayin Ponzhi Tarok, babban mai mulkin mutanen Tarok na jihar tsaunuka. Ya auri Esther Bali malamin ilimi kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Nanna da Ponfa. == Mutuwa == Bali ta mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2020. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] 0hts67exz2s5678l70gfu1dgpa3etdx 826972 826971 2026-04-27T10:42:00Z Mahuta 11340 826972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Domkat Yah Bali''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1940 - ya mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2020) ya kasance Janar ɗin [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojojin Najeriya]] mai [[Military star ranking|taurari huɗu]], wanda ya kasance Ministan Tsaro da Shugaban Ma'aikatan Tsaro daga shekarar 1984 zuwa shekara ta 1990, kuma memba na Babban Kwamitin Sojoji na shekarar 1984-1985, da kuma Majalisar Sojojin Sojoji ta shekarar 1985-1990. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Bali a garin Langtang, [[Jihar Plateau]] ga iyalin Hassan Bali Tabut da Yinkat Bali . Ya yi karatun firamare a Mban, Langtang kuma daga shekarar 1955 zuwa shekara ta 1960, ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta lardin a Kuru . Ya halarci [[Jami'ar Tsaron Najeriya|Kwalejin Horar da Sojojin Najeriya]] daga Afrilu zuwa watan Agustan shekara ta 1961. Daga watan Disambar shekarar 1961 zuwa watan Disambar shekarar 1963, ya halarci Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, inda ya sami kwamishinsa a matsayin mataimakin a shekarar 1964.<ref>{{cite book|author=Armed Forces Ruling Council (Nigeria)|title=Profiles of Members of the Armed Forces Ruling Council|publisher=Federal Ministry of Information & Culture|orig-year=1990|year=1992|page=13}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Bali ya zama kyaftin bayan shekara guda a shekarar 1965. A shekara ta 1966, ya kasance kwamandan batir kuma a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]], ya kasance kwamandalin runduna. An sanya shi a matsayin babban jami'i a shekarar 1968. Tsakanin shekarar 1970 da shekara ta 1971, Bali ya kasance kwamandan, Corps of Artillery kuma daga baya ya zama Colonel a Division na biyu na Infantry a Ibadan . <ref>{{cite web|title=Past Commandants|url=https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45|website=Armed Forces Command and Staff College Jaji|access-date=20 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301052946/https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45|archive-date=1 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>A shekara ta 1973, an tura shi zuwa [[Akure]] a matsayin kwamandan Brigade na 9th Infantry, ya kasance babban janar na sojojin Najeriya a shekara ta 1975, kwamandan Corps of Artillery a shekara ta 1976 kuma a shekara ta 1978, shi ne GOC na Rukunin Sojoji na Farko, Kaduna . Kafin ya zama Ministan Tsaro a shekarar 1984, ya kasance Kwamandan Kwamandan Sojojin Najeriya da Kwalejin Ma'aikata daga shekarar 1981 zuwa shekara ta 1983 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Commandants |url=https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301052946/https://www.nigerianafcsc.org/site/acfmdispx.php?id=45 |archive-date=1 March 2016 |access-date=20 February 2016 |website=Armed Forces Command and Staff College Jaji}}</ref> kuma daga baya darektan horar da sojoji da ayyukan. Ya yi murabus daga aikin gwamnati a watan Janairun shekarar 1990. Ya kasance Shugaban HFP Injiniya, masu gina Victoria Garden City, Legas Najeriya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, ƴan majalisa na Tarok ne suka zaba shi karkashin jagorancin Madakin Langtang, HRH Daniel Lamda Bongtur don cin nasarar Lt. Hrm. Edward Cirdap Zhattau (ba da daɗewa ba) a matsayin Ponzhi Tarok, babban mai mulkin mutanen Tarok na jihar tsaunuka. Ya auri Esther Bali malamin ilimi kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Nanna da Ponfa. == Mutuwa == Bali ta mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2020. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] b72hjqcdt1e59m2y0fpwo3btlpqb3qu 0 148588 826728 2026-04-26T18:12:49Z Kamal JB 24987 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351104422|Pax Mafiosa]]" 826728 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Pax Ana amfani da kalmar Pax Sinaloa (Latin don "Sinaloa Peace") don bayyana zaman lafiyar da aka samu saboda ikon Sinaloa Cartel a lokacin yakin miyagun kwayoyi na Mexico . [1] [2] An kuma kira wannan da Pax Narcotica00 Mafiosa''''' ([[Harshen Latin|Latin]] don "Mafioso Peace") kalma ce da ke kwatanta yanayin dangi mara tashin hankali a cikin yankunan kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka da aka tsara wanda yarjejeniyar ba za ta tsoma baki cikin ayyukan aikata laifula ba. An bayyana "zaman lafiya" a matsayin yanayin dangi mara tashin hankali. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga yarjejeniya tsakanin kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka daban-daban don kada su yi gasa a cikin ayyukan aikata laifukan da yankin, wanda ke haifar da zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa. Hukumomin gwamnati na iya amincewa da wannan zaman lafiya ga 'yan ƙasa, ta hanyar rashin tsoma baki a fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi da sauran ayyukan aikata laifuka. Sabanin haka, ƙungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka da aka tsara suna amfana daga rage gasa da haɗari, da kuma rashin cin zarafin membobinsu da iyalai. Akwai zarge-zargen cewa kamawa da tserewa daga shugabannin masu aikata laifuka na iya zama makirci don kiyaye zaman lafiya. An ji cewa karuwar tashin hankali bayan wani lokaci na zaman lafiya saboda canji ne a cikin halin da ake ciki, alal misali, karuwar gasa tsakanin kungiyoyi ko tsoma baki na siyasa.<ref name="foreign-policy" /> Yawanci ana amfani da sunan ne don nuni ga Mafia na Sicilian da sauran ƙungiyoyin laifuka na Italiya . An yi wa sunan kwaskwarima bisa ga [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] ''Pax Romana'' (Turanci: "Zaman Lafiya na Roma"), wanda ya kasance tsawon lokaci na zaman lafiya a Daular Roma saboda iko da tasirinsa. Kamar yadda wannan kalmar ta haifar da kalmomin da aka samo asali, kamar Pax Britannica da Pax Americana, kalmar ''Pax Mafiosa'' ta kuma haifar da amfani da kalmomin da aka samo asali. Wani lokaci ana rubuta kalmar a matsayin ''Pax Mafioso'', duk da haka ''Mafiosa'' ita ce daidaitacciyar hanyar nahawu kuma mafi yawan lokuta. <ref name="foreign-policy" /> Ana amfani da kalmar ''Pax Sinaloa'' (Latin don "Sinaloa Peace") don bayyana zaman lafiyar da aka samu saboda ikon Sinaloa Cartel a lokacin yakin miyagun kwayoyi na Mexico . An kuma kira wannan da '''Pax Narcotica''' ("Narcotic Peace"). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=W. |first=T. |date=2011-01-07 |title=A pax narcotica? |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/americasview/2011/01/mexicos_drug_wars |journal=Economist |access-date=3 September 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Norton |first=Adam David |date=October 12, 2012 |title=The War on Drugs in Mexico: a failed state? |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=33 |issue=9 |pages=1631–1645 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2012.720837 |s2cid=55998162}}</ref> == Nassoshi == jm6t9l9x1taxiua1z3ig8l7bco8om5x 826729 826728 2026-04-26T18:13:28Z Kamal JB 24987 826729 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Pax Mafiosa''''' ([[Harshen Latin|Latin]] don "Mafioso Peace") kalma ce da ke kwatanta yanayin dangi mara tashin hankali a cikin yankunan kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka da aka tsara wanda yarjejeniyar ba za ta tsoma baki cikin ayyukan aikata laifula ba. An bayyana "zaman lafiya" a matsayin yanayin dangi mara tashin hankali. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga yarjejeniya tsakanin kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka daban-daban don kada su yi gasa a cikin ayyukan aikata laifukan da yankin, wanda ke haifar da zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa. Hukumomin gwamnati na iya amincewa da wannan zaman lafiya ga 'yan ƙasa, ta hanyar rashin tsoma baki a fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi da sauran ayyukan aikata laifuka. Sabanin haka, ƙungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka da aka tsara suna amfana daga rage gasa da haɗari, da kuma rashin cin zarafin membobinsu da iyalai. Akwai zarge-zargen cewa kamawa da tserewa daga shugabannin masu aikata laifuka na iya zama makirci don kiyaye zaman lafiya. An ji cewa karuwar tashin hankali bayan wani lokaci na zaman lafiya saboda canji ne a cikin halin da ake ciki, alal misali, karuwar gasa tsakanin kungiyoyi ko tsoma baki na siyasa.<ref name="foreign-policy" /> Yawanci ana amfani da sunan ne don nuni ga Mafia na Sicilian da sauran ƙungiyoyin laifuka na Italiya . An yi wa sunan kwaskwarima bisa ga [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] ''Pax Romana'' (Turanci: "Zaman Lafiya na Roma"), wanda ya kasance tsawon lokaci na zaman lafiya a Daular Roma saboda iko da tasirinsa. Kamar yadda wannan kalmar ta haifar da kalmomin da aka samo asali, kamar Pax Britannica da Pax Americana, kalmar ''Pax Mafiosa'' ta kuma haifar da amfani da kalmomin da aka samo asali. Wani lokaci ana rubuta kalmar a matsayin ''Pax Mafioso'', duk da haka ''Mafiosa'' ita ce daidaitacciyar hanyar nahawu kuma mafi yawan lokuta. <ref name="foreign-policy" /> Ana amfani da kalmar ''Pax Sinaloa'' (Latin don "Sinaloa Peace") don bayyana zaman lafiyar da aka samu saboda ikon Sinaloa Cartel a lokacin yakin miyagun kwayoyi na Mexico . An kuma kira wannan da '''Pax Narcotica''' ("Narcotic Peace"). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=W. |first=T. |date=2011-01-07 |title=A pax narcotica? |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/americasview/2011/01/mexicos_drug_wars |journal=Economist |access-date=3 September 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Norton |first=Adam David |date=October 12, 2012 |title=The War on Drugs in Mexico: a failed state? |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=33 |issue=9 |pages=1631–1645 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2012.720837 |s2cid=55998162}}</ref> == Nassoshi == g5jubs0fl556qz3h38wsogsw8j3dszv 826730 826729 2026-04-26T18:13:43Z Kamal JB 24987 826730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Pax Mafiosa''''' ([[Harshen Latin|Latin]] don "Mafioso Peace") kalma ce da ke kwatanta yanayin dangi mara tashin hankali a cikin yankunan kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka da aka tsara wanda yarjejeniyar ba za ta tsoma baki cikin ayyukan aikata laifula ba. An bayyana "zaman lafiya" a matsayin yanayin dangi mara tashin hankali. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga yarjejeniya tsakanin kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka daban-daban don kada su yi gasa a cikin ayyukan aikata laifukan da yankin, wanda ke haifar da zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa. Hukumomin gwamnati na iya amincewa da wannan zaman lafiya ga 'yan ƙasa, ta hanyar rashin tsoma baki a fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi da sauran ayyukan aikata laifuka. Sabanin haka, ƙungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka da aka tsara suna amfana daga rage gasa da haɗari, da kuma rashin cin zarafin membobinsu da iyalai. Akwai zarge-zargen cewa kamawa da tserewa daga shugabannin masu aikata laifuka na iya zama makirci don kiyaye zaman lafiya. An ji cewa karuwar tashin hankali bayan wani lokaci na zaman lafiya saboda canji ne a cikin halin da ake ciki, alal misali, karuwar gasa tsakanin kungiyoyi ko tsoma baki na siyasa.<ref name="foreign-policy" /> Yawanci ana amfani da sunan ne don nuni ga Mafia na Sicilian da sauran ƙungiyoyin laifuka na Italiya . An yi wa sunan kwaskwarima bisa ga [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] ''Pax Romana'' (Turanci: "Zaman Lafiya na Roma"), wanda ya kasance tsawon lokaci na zaman lafiya a Daular Roma saboda iko da tasirinsa. Kamar yadda wannan kalmar ta haifar da kalmomin da aka samo asali, kamar Pax Britannica da Pax Americana, kalmar ''Pax Mafiosa'' ta kuma haifar da amfani da kalmomin da aka samo asali. Wani lokaci ana rubuta kalmar a matsayin ''Pax Mafioso'', duk da haka ''Mafiosa'' ita ce daidaitacciyar hanyar nahawu kuma mafi yawan lokuta. <ref name="foreign-policy" /> Ana amfani da kalmar ''Pax Sinaloa'' (Latin don "Sinaloa Peace") don bayyana zaman lafiyar da aka samu saboda ikon Sinaloa Cartel a lokacin yakin miyagun kwayoyi na Mexico . An kuma kira wannan da '''Pax Narcotica''' ("Narcotic Peace"). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=W. |first=T. |date=2011-01-07 |title=A pax narcotica? |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/americasview/2011/01/mexicos_drug_wars |journal=Economist |access-date=3 September 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Norton |first=Adam David |date=October 12, 2012 |title=The War on Drugs in Mexico: a failed state? |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=33 |issue=9 |pages=1631–1645 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2012.720837 |s2cid=55998162}}</ref> == Nassoshi == svivrwumomlise2kr3qwn2yn9x6342p 826731 826730 2026-04-26T18:14:27Z Kamal JB 24987 826731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Pax Mafiosa''''' ([[Harshen Latin|Latin]] don "Mafioso Peace") kalma ce da ke kwatanta yanayin dangi mara tashin hankali a cikin yankunan kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka da aka tsara wanda yarjejeniyar ba za ta tsoma baki cikin ayyukan aikata laifula ba. An bayyana "zaman lafiya" a matsayin yanayin dangi mara tashin hankali. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga yarjejeniya tsakanin kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka daban-daban don kada su yi gasa a cikin ayyukan aikata laifukan da yankin, wanda ke haifar da zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa. Hukumomin gwamnati na iya amincewa da wannan zaman lafiya ga 'yan ƙasa, ta hanyar rashin tsoma baki a fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi da sauran ayyukan aikata laifuka. Sabanin haka, ƙungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka da aka tsara suna amfana daga rage gasa da haɗari, da kuma rashin cin zarafin membobinsu da iyalai. Akwai zarge-zargen cewa kamawa da tserewa daga shugabannin masu aikata laifuka na iya zama makirci don kiyaye zaman lafiya. An ji cewa karuwar tashin hankali bayan wani lokaci na zaman lafiya saboda canji ne a cikin halin da ake ciki, alal misali, karuwar gasa tsakanin kungiyoyi ko tsoma baki na siyasa.<ref> name="foreign-policy" </ref> Yawanci ana amfani da sunan ne don nuni ga Mafia na Sicilian da sauran ƙungiyoyin laifuka na Italiya . An yi wa sunan kwaskwarima bisa ga [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] ''Pax Romana'' (Turanci: "Zaman Lafiya na Roma"), wanda ya kasance tsawon lokaci na zaman lafiya a Daular Roma saboda iko da tasirinsa. Kamar yadda wannan kalmar ta haifar da kalmomin da aka samo asali, kamar Pax Britannica da Pax Americana, kalmar ''Pax Mafiosa'' ta kuma haifar da amfani da kalmomin da aka samo asali. Wani lokaci ana rubuta kalmar a matsayin ''Pax Mafioso'', duk da haka ''Mafiosa'' ita ce daidaitacciyar hanyar nahawu kuma mafi yawan lokuta. <ref name="foreign-policy" /> Ana amfani da kalmar ''Pax Sinaloa'' (Latin don "Sinaloa Peace") don bayyana zaman lafiyar da aka samu saboda ikon Sinaloa Cartel a lokacin yakin miyagun kwayoyi na Mexico . An kuma kira wannan da '''Pax Narcotica''' ("Narcotic Peace"). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=W. |first=T. |date=2011-01-07 |title=A pax narcotica? |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/americasview/2011/01/mexicos_drug_wars |journal=Economist |access-date=3 September 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Norton |first=Adam David |date=October 12, 2012 |title=The War on Drugs in Mexico: a failed state? |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=33 |issue=9 |pages=1631–1645 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2012.720837 |s2cid=55998162}}</ref> == Nassoshi == m75n9b204t2nqnh8jg4ycx8x0u6pe07 826732 826731 2026-04-26T18:15:03Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Nassoshi */ 826732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Pax Mafiosa''''' ([[Harshen Latin|Latin]] don "Mafioso Peace") kalma ce da ke kwatanta yanayin dangi mara tashin hankali a cikin yankunan kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka da aka tsara wanda yarjejeniyar ba za ta tsoma baki cikin ayyukan aikata laifula ba. An bayyana "zaman lafiya" a matsayin yanayin dangi mara tashin hankali. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga yarjejeniya tsakanin kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka daban-daban don kada su yi gasa a cikin ayyukan aikata laifukan da yankin, wanda ke haifar da zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa. Hukumomin gwamnati na iya amincewa da wannan zaman lafiya ga 'yan ƙasa, ta hanyar rashin tsoma baki a fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi da sauran ayyukan aikata laifuka. Sabanin haka, ƙungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka da aka tsara suna amfana daga rage gasa da haɗari, da kuma rashin cin zarafin membobinsu da iyalai. Akwai zarge-zargen cewa kamawa da tserewa daga shugabannin masu aikata laifuka na iya zama makirci don kiyaye zaman lafiya. An ji cewa karuwar tashin hankali bayan wani lokaci na zaman lafiya saboda canji ne a cikin halin da ake ciki, alal misali, karuwar gasa tsakanin kungiyoyi ko tsoma baki na siyasa.<ref> name="foreign-policy" </ref> Yawanci ana amfani da sunan ne don nuni ga Mafia na Sicilian da sauran ƙungiyoyin laifuka na Italiya . An yi wa sunan kwaskwarima bisa ga [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] ''Pax Romana'' (Turanci: "Zaman Lafiya na Roma"), wanda ya kasance tsawon lokaci na zaman lafiya a Daular Roma saboda iko da tasirinsa. Kamar yadda wannan kalmar ta haifar da kalmomin da aka samo asali, kamar Pax Britannica da Pax Americana, kalmar ''Pax Mafiosa'' ta kuma haifar da amfani da kalmomin da aka samo asali. Wani lokaci ana rubuta kalmar a matsayin ''Pax Mafioso'', duk da haka ''Mafiosa'' ita ce daidaitacciyar hanyar nahawu kuma mafi yawan lokuta. <ref name="foreign-policy" /> Ana amfani da kalmar ''Pax Sinaloa'' (Latin don "Sinaloa Peace") don bayyana zaman lafiyar da aka samu saboda ikon Sinaloa Cartel a lokacin yakin miyagun kwayoyi na Mexico . An kuma kira wannan da '''Pax Narcotica''' ("Narcotic Peace"). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=W. |first=T. |date=2011-01-07 |title=A pax narcotica? |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/americasview/2011/01/mexicos_drug_wars |journal=Economist |access-date=3 September 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Norton |first=Adam David |date=October 12, 2012 |title=The War on Drugs in Mexico: a failed state? |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=33 |issue=9 |pages=1631–1645 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2012.720837 |s2cid=55998162}}</ref> == Manazarta == bkewx2c4fo5efwcl2olgtpq9dcliljq 0 148589 826778 2026-04-26T20:04:38Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1274519969|Waheed Murad filmography]]" 826778 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Waheed Murad''' (Urdu; 2 ga Oktoba 1938 - 23 ga Nuwamba 1983) ya kasance [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] na fina-finai na Pakistan, furodusa da Marubucin rubutun, sananne ne ga maganganunsa masu ban sha'awa, halayensa masu kyau, murya mai tausayi da ƙwarewar yin wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2010 |title=Discovering Waheed Murad's inspirations |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/70978/discovering-waheed-murads-inspirations/ |access-date=27 December 2015 |website=THE EXPRESS TRIBUNE}}</ref> Waheed an dauke shi daya daga cikin shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kudancin Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Waheed Murad's death anniversary |url=http://e.thenews.com.pk/newsmag/mag/detail_article.asp?magId=11&id=6634}}</ref> Sau da yawa ana kiransa "Jarima'in Chocolaty" ko "Jariman Chocolate". An haife shi a [[Karachi]], Sindh, Pakistan, ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta SM Karachi, sannan kuma ya sami masters a cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi daga Jami'ar Karachi . <ref name="official">{{Cite web |title=Waheed Murad's Official Website - Waheed Murad's Biography |url=http://www.waheedmurad.com/biography.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040806191114/http://www.waheedmurad.com/biography.html |archive-date=6 August 2004 |access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a matsayin cameo a 1959 a fim din ''Saathi'' lokacin da yake dan shekara 21. Ayyukan fuskarsa marasa kyau, soyayya mai ƙarfin zuciya da salon wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa yayin hotunan waƙoƙi sun sa ya shahara sosai. Ɗaya daga cikin fina-finai shi ne Armaan, wanda ya samar, ya yi tasiri sosai a masana'antar fina-fakka ta nahiyar kamar yadda aka dauki masana'antar fim din Pakistan a matsayin tauraron da ke tasowa kuma fim din ya sanya shi tauraron dare daya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Waheed Murad: Facts about Waheed Murad |url=http://www.pakistanimusic.com/articles/waheedmurad_onehundredandonefacts.html |access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref> Sau ɗaya, a cikin wata hira a 1967, ya ce Dilip Kumar, ma, ba ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne marar mutuwa ba. Waheed an san shi da takardar kudi wanda za'a iya caji a ko'ina cikin ƙasar kuma shi ne kawai ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na masana'antar fina-finai don samun mafi yawan adadin platinum, lu'u-lu'u, zinariya da azurfa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Waheed Murad: One hundred and one facts |url=http://www.pakistanimusic.com/articles/waheedmurad_onehundredandonefacts.html |access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref> Ya mamaye al'ummar Pakistan a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970 fiye da kowa kafin ko bayan kuma an dauke shi jarumin cakulan na tarihin allon azurfa na Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Waheed Murad |url=http://www.waheedmurad.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050113035448/http://www.waheedmurad.com/ |archive-date=January 13, 2005 |access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Waheed Murad; still alive in the hearts |url=http://www.samaa.tv/entertainment/2014/11/waheed-murad-still-alive-in-the-hearts/ |access-date=2 December 2015 |website=Samaa News}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, bayan tsawon shekaru 27 bayan mutuwarsa, Shugaban Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Sitara-e-Imtiaz, lambar yabo ta uku mafi girma da kuma lambar yabo ta farar hula da Jihar Pakistan ta bayar, wanda aka bayar a fannonin adabi, zane-zane, wasanni, magani, ko kimiyya. Waheed ya yi aiki a cikin fina-finai 124 a matsayin [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] da fina-fakkaatu 6 a matsayin baƙo. Ya samar da fina-finai 11, ya ba da umarnin fim 1 kuma ya rubuta fina-fukkuna 4. == A matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo == Waheed Murad ya fito a jimillar fina-finai 124 (an fitar da fina-finai 2 bayan rasuwarsa) wanda 38 daga cikinsu baƙi ne da fari, kuma 86 launuka ne. Ya fito a fina-finan Urdu 115, fina-finan Punjabi 8 da kuma fim ɗin Pushto 1. Ya kuma fito a matsayin tauraro a fina-finai 6: fina-finan Urdu 3 da fina-finan Punjabi 3. A matsayinsa na jarumi, Waheed ya sami kyaututtuka 4 na Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun jarumai a fina-finan Heera Aur Pathar, Armaan, Andleeb da Mastana Mahi. Takaitaccen bayani game da fina-finansa da aka fitar a shekarun 1960 zuwa 1980 (ban da fina-finan, waɗanda ya fito a matsayin baƙon jarumi) kamar haka: {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" ! !Jimillar ![[Urdu]] ![[Harshen Punjab|Punjabi]] !Pushto !Lu'u-lu'u !Platinum !Zinariya !Azurfa !Rashin ruwa |- |1962-1970 |38 |38 |0 |0 |0 |2 |9 |19 |8 |- |1971-1980 |72 |66 |6 |0 |1 |2 |18 |23 |28 |- |1981-1987 |14 |11 |2 |1 |0 |0 |3 |8 |3 |- |Jimillar |124 |115 |8 |1 |1 |4 |30 |50 |39 |} Cikakken jerin sunayen Diamond, Platinum, Golden da Silver Jubilee da fina-finai masu lalacewa kamar haka: === Fim din Jubilee na Platinum === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo !Magana |- |1976 |''Shabana'' |Nazar Shabab |Babra Sharif, Shahid, Nanna, Masood Akhtar | |} === Fim din Jubilee na Zinariya === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo !Magana |- |1966 |''Makami'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Zahoor Ahmed | - Fim din farko na Platinum Jubilee na [[Pakistan]]- Waheed ya sami lambar yabo ta Nigar sau biyu, watau, don mafi kyawun furodusa & mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<br /> |- |1970 |''Anjuman'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Deeba, Sabiha Khanam, Santosh Kumar, Lehri |<ref name="Gazdar1997p267">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1974 |''Ishq kawai naa'' |Mista Akram |Aliya, Iqbal Hussain, Ilyas, Saba, Naheed |Fim din Punjabi |- |1978 |''Awaz'' |Zafar Shabab |Shabnam, [[Mohammad Ali]], Ghulam Mohiuddin, Naghma | |} === Fim din Jubilee na Azurfa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo !Magana |- |1962 |''Aulad'' |S.M. Yousuf |Nayyar Sultana, Habib, Rukhsaana, Talish |Fim na farko na Waheed a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo; ya taka rawar goyon baya |- |1963 |''Daaman'' |Qadeer Ghouri |Santosh Kumar, Sabiha Khanam, Neelo, Lehri, Tarana |Fim na biyu na Waheed a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo; ya taka rawar goyon baya |- |1964 |''Heera Aur Pathar'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Zeba, Ibrahim Nafees, Kamal Irani, Nirala{nammo}{kammo} | - Fim na farko na Waheed a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo kuma fim na 4 a matsayin mai yin wasan kwaikwayo- Waheed ya sami lambar yabo ta Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<br /> |- |1965 |''Kanay'' |Hassan Tariq |Zeba, [[Mohammad Ali]], Sabiha Khanam, Lehri, Saqi, Talish |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Mohammad Ali a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1967 |''Devar Bhabhi'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Sabiha Khanam, Santosh Kumar, Lehri, Jafri, Najmi | |- |1967 |''Ehsaan'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Azad, Ibrahim Nafees | |- |1968 |''Dil Mera Dharkan Teri'' |M. A. Rashid |Shamim Ara, Rani, Lehri | |- |1969 |''Salgira'' |Qamar Zaidi |Shamim Ara, Tariq Aziz, Nirala |<ref name="Gazdar1997p263">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1969 |''Andaleeb'' |Ya yi farin ciki da Ahmed |Shabnam, Aliya, Talish, Mustafa Qureshi |Waheed ya sami lambar yabo ta Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1971 |''[[Mastana Mahi (film)|Mastana Mahi]]'' |Iftikhar Khan |Naghma, Aliya, Munawwar Zareef, Asad Bukhari | - Fim din Punjabi na farko na Waheed- Waheed ya sami lambar yabo ta Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<br /> |- |- |1971 |''Neend Hamari Khwab Tumhare'' |K. Khursheed |Deeba, Aliya, Talish, Nirala |<ref name="Gazdar1997p269">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1972 |''Khalish'' |Laeeq Akhtar |Rani, Sangeeta, Qavi, Talish, Alauddin, Nanna | |- |1972 |''Baharo Phool Barsao'' |Mista Sadiq |Rani, Munawwar Zareef, Aslam Pervaiz | | |- |1972 |''Daulat aur duniya'' |Khalifa Saeed |Aliya, Rozina, Nanna, Khalifa Nazir | |- |1974 |''Tum rho'' |M.A. Rasheed |Asiya, [[Mohammad Ali]], Mumtaz, Nayyar Sultana | |- |1974 |''Phool kawai gulshan ka'' |Iqbal Akhtar |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Nadeem, Lehri, Sahera | |- |1974 |''Dushman'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Mumtaz, Adeeb | - Fim din Waheed na karshe tare da Pervez Malik- Fim din launi guda daya na Waheed-Pervez<br /> |- |1974 |''Shama'' |Nazar Shabab |Deeba, Babra Sharif, [[Mohammad Ali]], Nadeem | |- |1975 |''Mohabbat Zindagi Hai'' |Iqbal Akhtar |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Mumtaz, Lehri, Qavi | |- |1975 |''Jogi'' |Haider Chaudhry |Asiya, Munawwar Saeed, Nanna, Ali Ejaz, Afzal |Fim din Punjabi |- |1975 |''Surat aur seerat'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Mumtaz, Sudhir, [[Mohammad Ali]], Nisho | |- |1975 |''Jab jab phool khiley'' |Iqbal Akhtar |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Nadeem, Mumtaz | |- |1978 |''Saheli'' |Shabab Kiranvi |Rani, Shabnam, Gullu, Nanna, Ibrahim Nafees | |- |1978 |''Parakh'' |Jan Mohammad |Rani, Asif Khan, Usman Peerzada, Nanna | |- |1978 |''Khuda aur mohabbat'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Babra Sharif, [[Mohammad Ali]], Gullu, Roohi Bano | |- |1978 |''Behan Bhai'' |Nazar Shabab |Rani, [[Mohammad Ali]], Bindiya, Nanna, Ali Ejaz | |- |1980 |''Pyari'' |Jamshed Naqvi |Shabnam, Ghulam Mohiuddin, Nisho, Naghma, Qavi | |- |1981 |''[[Kala dhanda gorey log]]'' |Sajjad mai rai |Sangeeta, Samina, Asif Khan, Badar Munir | |- |1981 |''Kiran aur kali'' |Zahid Shah |Shabnam, [[Mohammad Ali]], Lehri, Shahnawaz |Fim din karshe na Waheed |} === Fim din Jubilee na Diamond === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo !Magana |- |1965 |''Bahu Begum'' |Wazeer Ali |Habib, Sabira Sultana, Deeba, Nasira |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Deeba |- |1965 |''Eid Mubarak'' |S.M. Yousuf |Zeba, Habib, Rukhsana, Iqbal Yousuf |Fim na farko na Pakistan tare da 'yan launi |- |1966 |''[[Josh (1966 film)|Josh]]'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Zeba, Sudhir, Rozina, Hanif, Iqbal Yousuf | |- |1966 |''Jaag Utha Insaan'' |Sheikh Hassan |Zeba, [[Mohammad Ali]], Firdous, Ibrahim Nafees | |- |1966 |''Bhayya'' |Qazi Zaheer Rehan |Chitra Singha, Anwar Hussein, Shabana |Fim din Waheed kawai a Gabashin Pakistan <ref>{{Cite web |title=Janya mujhay kya ho geya... |url=http://utopianvision.co.uk/bollywood/videos/?v=NcT3Lo7wma8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929083452/http://utopianvision.co.uk/bollywood/videos/?v=NcT3Lo7wma8 |archive-date=2011-09-29 |access-date=2023-11-20}}</ref> |- |1967 |''Doraha'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Shamim Ara, Deeba, Talish, Qurban Jilani |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Shamim Ara |- |1967 |''Phir Subha Hogi'' |Rafiq Rizvi |Deeba, Iqbal Yousuf, Talat Siddiqui, Nirala | |- |1967 |''Maan Baap'' |Khalil Qaiser |Zeba, Zamurrad, Yousuf Khan, Alauddin | |- |1967 |''Rishta Hai Pyar Ka'' |Qamar Zaidi |Zeba, Iqbal Yousuf, Hanif, Farida Adeeb |Fim na farko na Pakistan wanda aka harbe shi a kasashen waje (a Ingila) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembering the chocolate hero: Waheed Murad {{!}} DesPardes.com |url=http://www.despardes.com/Entertainment/news/nov03/nov22-waheed-murad-remembered.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040415194041/http://www.despardes.com/Entertainment/news/nov03/nov22-waheed-murad-remembered.html |archive-date=2004-04-15 |website=www.despardes.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Waheed |url=http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Interview/4052/waheed.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627174131/http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Interview/4052/waheed.html |archive-date=2008-06-27}}</ref> |- |1967 |''Rashin hankali'' |Shabab Kiranvi |Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a Nanna talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. | |- |1968 |''Samandar'' |Rafiq Ghauri |Shabnam, Hanif, Rozina, Rashid |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Shabnam |- |1968 |''Jahan Tum Wahan Hum'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Shabnam, Nirala, Badar Munir | |- |1969 |''[[Ishara (1969 film)|Ishara]]'' |Waheed Murad |Deeba, Rozina, Lehri, Talat Hussein | - Waheed ya sami lambar yabo ta Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1969 |''Ladla'' |A.H. Siddiqui |Shabnam, Santosh Kumar, Sabiha Khanam, Lehri, Talish |<ref name="Gazdar1997p264">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1969 |''Eik Nagina'' |S.A. Hafiz |Deeba, Aliya, Qavi, Lehri, Saiqa, Adeeb |<ref name="Gazdar1997p264" /> |- |1970 |''Afsana'' |Luqman |Deeba, Rozina, Nanna |<ref name="Gazdar1997p266">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1970 |''Bewafa'' |S. Suleman |Shamim Ara, Rehana, Nabila, Mustafa Qureshi |<ref name="Gazdar1997p266" /> |- |1970 |''Naseeb Apna Apna'' |Qamar Zaidi |Shabnam, Nirala, Saqi |<ref name="Gazdar1997p266" /> |- |1970 |''Chand Suraj'' |Shor Lakhnavi |Nadeem, Shabana, Rozina, Nanna, Sangeeta | - Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Nadeem- Fim na biyu na Pakistan wanda ya dogara da labaru daban-daban<br /> |- |1971 |''[[Afshan(film)|Afshan]]'' |Hashmi mai rai |Shabnam, Aliya, Lehri, Tariq Aziz, Saiqa, Nighat Sultana, Tamanna, Mohamad Yousuf, Latif Charlie, S.M. Saleem | |- |1972 |''Tashar Hill'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Shamim Ara, Iqbal Yousuf, Qavi, Nirala |Waheed ya taka rawa sau biyu, daya a matsayin jarumi kuma wani a matsayin muguMai laifi |- |1972 |''Zindagi Aik Safar Hai'' |S.M. Yousuf |Shamim Ara, Ejaz, Deeba, Iqbal Yousuf, Faizi |Fim na 50 na Waheed a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1973 |''Jaal'' |Iftikhar Khan |Nisho, Shaista Qaiser, Husna, Nanna | |- |1973 |''Anhoni'' |Iqbal Akhtar |Aliya, Zarqa, Lehri, Saqi, Zahid Khan | |- |1974 |''Pyar Hi Pyar'' |R.A. Rakhin |Asiya, Shazia, M. Saeed, Alauddin, Adeeb | |- |1974 |''Nanna Farishta'' |K. Khursheed |Deeba, [[Mohammad Ali]], Nayyar Sultana | |- |1974 |''Haqeeqat'' |Nazrul Musulunci |[[Mohammad Ali]], Deeba, Babra Sharif, Talish |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Babra Sharif |- |1974 |''Deedar'' |Hassan Tariq |[[Mohammad Ali]], Rani, Mumtaz, Sabiha Khanam | |- |1976 |''Zubaida'' |Aslam Daar |Babra Sharif, Nisho, Sabiha Khanam, Aslam Pervaiz, Lehri | |- |1976 |''Waqt'' |Zafar Shabab |Babra Sharif, Kaveeta, Shamim Ara, Habib, Nanna | |- |1976 |''Waada'' |Aslam Daar |Deeba, Asiya, Saiqa, Lehri, Alauddin | |- |1976 |''Goonj ya ce Shehnai'' |S.M. Yousuf |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Ruhi Bano, Aslam Pervaiz | |- |1976 |''Aap Ka Khadim'' |Wazir Ali |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Najma, Rangeela | |- |1977 |''Apne Huye Paraye'' |Iqbal Akhtar |Mumtaz, Gullu, Sangeeta, Nayyar Sultana | |- |1978 |''Nazrana'' |Nazar Shabab |Rani, Neelo, Gullu, Bindia, Ali Ejaz, Masood | |- |1979 |''Waaday Ki Zanjeer'' |Shabab Kiranvi |[[Mohammad Ali]], Sabiha Khanam, Anjuman, Ali Ejaz |Fim na 100 na Waheed a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1979 |''Yahan Se Wahan Tak'' |Syed Kamal |Kamal, Mumtaz, Asif Khan, Ali Ejaz | |- |1979 |''Tarana'' |Nazar Shabab |Rani, Gullu, Nanna, Tamanna, Bahar, Meena | |- |1979 |''Nishani'' |Jamshed Naqvi |Shabnam, Qavi, Tariq Aziz, Nayyar Sultana | |- |1980 |''Zameer'' |Iqbal Akhtar |[[Mohammad Ali]], Deeba, Ruhi Bano, Lehri | |- |1980 |''Chotay Nawab'' |Iqbal Akhtar |Shahid, Babra Sharif, Neelo, Nanna, Hanif | |- |1980 |''Badnaam'' |Iqbal Yousuf |[[Mohammad Ali]], Rani, Babra Sharif, Naghma, Lehri | |- |1981 |''Mutumin da ke da bindiga'' |Iqbal Yousuf |[[Mohammad Ali]], Rani, Babra Sharif, Mumtaz | |- |1981 |''Kawai Apne'' |Shamim Ara |Shamim Ara, Shahid, Mumtaz, Asif Raza Mir | |- |1981 |''[[Dil Ne Phir Yaad Kya]]'' |Iqbal Akhtar |Shahid, Babra Sharif, Ibrahim Nafees, Nayyar Sultana | |- |1981 |''Gherao'' |Iqbal Yousuf |[[Mohammad Ali]], Shabnam, Asif Khan | |- |1981 |''Pakhtoon Pay Wilayat Kamba'' |Sajjad mai rai |Mumtaz, Asif Khan, Badar Muneer |Fim din Pushto na Waheed kawai, wanda aka zana a Burtaniya.[[Birtaniya|UK]] |- |1982 |''[[I Love You (1982 film)|Ina son ka]]'' |Jamshed Naqvi |Shahid, Shabnam, Arzoo, Nanna | |- |1982 |''Aahat'' |Fazil mai rai |Nadeem, Shabnam, Bindia, Saqi | |- |1983 |''Maang Meri Bhar Do'' |Gauhar Ali |[[Mohammad Ali]], Shabnam, Lehri, Ishrat | |- |1985 |''Jarumi'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Babra Sharif, Mumtaz, Adil Murad, Nadeem (a matsayin baƙon tauraro) |Fim na karshe na rayuwar Waheed Murad |} === Fim din da aka yi watsi da shi === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo !Magana |- |1964 |''Mamta'' |Saqlain Rizvi |Bahar, Yasmin, Naghma, Ajmal | |- |1965 |''Saaz Aur Awaz'' |Mista Hashim |Rani, Habib, Ragni, Adeeb, Talish, S. Gul |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Rani a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1965 |''Dokta'' |Shaukat Hashmi |Bahar, Yasmin, Jafri, Emi, Najmul Hassan | |- |1966 |''Honahar'' |S.M. Yousuf |Rukhsana, Shakeel, Tarannum, Kamal Irani | |- |1968 |''Jaan-e-Arzo'' |Qadeer Ghori |Shamim Ara, Aslam Pervaiz, Salma Mumtaz | |- |1969 |''Tumhi Ho Mehboob Mere'' |Shabab Kiranvi |Deeba, Rozina, Qavi |Fim din Waheed na farko mai launi |- |1969 |''Maa Beta'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Sabiha Khanam, Rangeels, Nanna |<ref name="Gazdar1997p264">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1970 |''Phir Chand Nikle Ga'' |Rafiq Rizvi |Deeba, Rozina, Nirala |<ref name="Gazdar1997p267">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1971 |''Afshan'' |Hashmi mai rai |Shabnam da Aaliya da Lehri |<ref name="Gazdar1997p269">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1971 |''Khamosh Nigahen'' |Jameel Akhter |Rozina, Husna, Tamanna |<ref name="Gazdar1997p270">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1971 |''Rim Jhim'' |Qamar Zaidi |Rozina, Kamal Irani, Zamarrud |<ref name="Gazdar1997p269" /> |- |1972 |''Naag Muni'' |Tseren Mir |Rani, Sangeeta, Qavi, Talish, Masood Akhter |Waheed da Rani dukansu sun taka rawa biyu |- |1972 |''Bandagi'' |Ya yi farin ciki da Ahmed |Shabnam, Talat Hussein, Santosh Rissal, Talish | |- |1973 |''Mulaqat'' |Laeeq Akhter |[Hasiya] |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Nisho a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1973 |''Khwab Aur Zindagi'' |Ya yi farin ciki da Ahmed |Shamim Ara, Masood Akhter, Saiqa, Lehri | |- |1974 |''Mastani Mehbooba'' |Laeeq Akhter |Sangeeta, Kaveeta, Munawwar Zareef | |- |1974 |''Sayyo Ni Mera Mahi'' |Iftikhar Khan |Aliya, Sabiha Khanam, Alauddin, Munawwar Zareef |Fim din Punjabi |- |1974 |''Usey Dekha Usey Chaha'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Rozina, Nirala, Lehri, Niggo, Santosh Rissal | - Waheed da Pervaiz sun sake haɗuwa bayan kusan shekaru 6 - Fim ɗin da ya ɓace kawai na Waheed-Pervaiz<br /> |- |1974 |''Laila Majnu'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Masood Akhter, Talish, Nanna | |- |1975 |''Izzat'' |Jaffar Bukhari |Neelo, Darpan, Talish, Sangeeta, Lehri | |- |1975 |''Dilruba'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Mustafa Qureshi, Nanna, Alauddin | |- |1975 |''Sajjan Kamla'' |Mista Akram |Aliya, Munawwar Zareef, Saba, Afzal, Talish |Fim din Punjabi |- |1976 |''Rastey Ka Pathar'' |M.A. Rasheed |Nisho, Ruhi Bano, Lehri, Aslam Pervaiz, Sultan Rahi | |- |1976 |''[[Naag Aur Nagin (1976 film)|Naag Aur Nagin]]'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Shahid, Kaveeta, Aslam Pervaiz, Alauddin, Ilyas | |- |1976 |''Mehboob Mera Mastana'' |Saqlain Rizvi |Asiya, Sangeeta, Lehri, Nanna, Talish | |- |1976 |''Zaib-un-Nisa'' |Ya yi farin ciki da Ahmed |Shamim Ara, Aliya, Saleem Nazir, Fazil Butt | |- |1976 |''Kharidar'' |Jamshed Naqvi |[[Mohammad Ali]], Deeba, Habib, Aslam Pervaiz | |- |1976 |''Surraya Bhopali'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Shahid, Husna, Alauddin, Talish | |- |1976 |''Jiyo Aur Jeenay Do'' |Shamim Ara |Nadeem, Mumtaz, Shamim Ara, Gullu, Lehri | |- |1977 |''Gidan sarauta'' |Azizul Hassan |Nadeem, Mumtaz, Deeba, Nanna, Nayyar Sultana | |- |1977 |''Akh Lari Badu Badi'' |Shafi Akhter |Mumtaz, Mustafa Qureshi, Alauddin, Nimmo |Fim din Punjabi |- |1978 |''Aadmi'' |M.A. Rasheed |[[Mohammad Ali]], Sangeeta, Nisho, Lehri | |- |1978 |''Insaan Aur Shaitan'' |Khalifa Saeed |Najma, Shahid, Asif Khan, Nanna, Nasrullah | |- |1978 |''Sheeshay Ka Ghar'' |Nazrul Musulunci |Shahid, Mumtaz, Nanna, Afzal, Shahnawaz |Waheed ya yi wani mummunan haliHalin mugun mutum |- |1979 |''Raja Ki Aye Gi Baraat'' |Iftikhar Khan |[[Mohammad Ali]], Mumtaz, Sabiha Khanam, Qavi | |- |1979 |''Aurat Raj'' |Rangeela |Rani, Rangeela, Nanna, Sultan Rahi | |- |1980 |''Bandhan'' |Shaukat Hashmi |Neelam, Najma, Gullu, Lehri, Aslam Pervaiz | |- |1981 |''Anokha Daaj'' |Aslam Daar |Asiya, Sultan Rahi, Durdana, Sabiha Khanam |Fim din Punjabi |- |1982 |''Wohti Jee'' |M.J. Rana |Mumtaz, Musarrat Shaheen, Ali Ejaz, Sabiha Khanam |Fim din Punjabi na karshe na Waheed |- |1987 |''Zalzala'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Rani, Sudhir, Sultan Rahi, Asif Khan, Ilyas |Fim din karshe da aka fitar na Waheed Murad |} == A matsayin cameo == == A matsayin mai samarwa == Waheed Murad, a matsayin furodusa, ya samar da fina-finai 11 (finai 10 na Urdu & fim 1 na Punjabi), daga cikinsu fina-fukkuka 8 baƙar fata ne da fari kuma fina-fukai 3 suna da launi. Yawancin waɗannan fina-finai, gami da Armaan, masu sukar fim sun yaba da su. A matsayinsa na furodusa ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun furodusa don Armaan . {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Masu ba da labari !Kasuwanci |- |1961 |''Insaan badalta hai'' |Munawwar Rasheed |Darpan, Shamim Ara, Lehri |Jubilee na Zinariya |- |1963 |''Jab se dekha hai tumhay'' |Munawwar Rasheed |Darpan, Zeba, Aga Jan, Lehri |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1964 |''Heera Aur Pathar'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Waheed Murad, Zeba, Ibrahim Nafees, Kamal Irani, Nirala |Jubilee na Zinariya |- |1966 |''Makami'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Waheed Murad, Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Zahoor Ahmed |Jubilee na Platinum |- |1967 |''Ehsaan'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Waheed Murad, Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Azad, Ibrahim Nafees |Jubilee na Zinariya |- |1968 |''Samandar'' |Rafiq Rizvi |Shabnam, Waheed Murad, Hanif, Rozina, Rashid |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1969 |''[[Ishara (1969 film)|Ishara]]'' |Waheed Murad |Waheed Murad, Deeba, Rozina, Talat Hussain |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1970 |''Naseeb Apna Apna'' |Qamar Zaidi |Waheed Murad, Shabnam, Nirala, Tamanna, Saqi |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1971 |''Mastana mahi'' (fim din Punjabi) |Iftikhar Khan |Waheed Murad, Naghma, Aliya, Munawwar Zareef, Asad Bukhari |Jubilee na Zinariya |- |1973 |''Jaal'' |Iftikhar Khan |Waheed Murad, Nisho, Shaista Qaiser, Husna, Nanna |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1985 |''Jarumi'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Waheed Murad, Babra Sharif, Mumtaz, Adil Murad, Nadeem (a matsayin baƙo) |Jubilee na Azurfa |} == A matsayin darektan == Waheed Murad ya ba da umarnin fim daya kawai ''Ishara'', wanda ya kasa cimma burin ofishin jakadancin. {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Masu ba da labari !Kasuwanci |- |1969 |''[[Ishara (1969 film)|Ishara]]'' |Waheed Murad, Deeba, Rozina, Talat Hussain |Jubilee na Azurfa |} == A matsayin marubuci == Waheed Murad ya rubuta rubutun don fina-finai 4, biyu daga cikinsu sun sami godiya sosai daga masu cinemagoers. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Masu ba da labari !Kasuwanci |- |1966 |''Makami'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Waheed Murad, Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Zahoor Ahmed |Jubilee na Platinum |- |1967 |''Ehsaan'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Waheed Murad, Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Ibrahim Nafees, Azad |Jubilee na Zinariya |- |1969 |''[[Ishara (1969 film)|Ishara]]'' |Waheed Murad |Waheed Murad, Deeba, Rozina, Talat Hussain |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1985 |''Jarumi'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Waheed Murad, Babra Sharif, Mumtaz, Adil Murad, Nadeem (a matsayin baƙo) |Jubilee na Azurfa |} == A matsayin mawaƙi == A cikin fim din ''[[Ishara (1969 film)|Ishara]]'', Waheed Murad ya sami raira waƙar ''Jaisay taisay beet gaya din.''.. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thecinezine.com |url=http://thecinezine.com/Waheed_Murad.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004125854/http://thecinezine.com/Waheed_Murad.html |archive-date=2011-10-04 |access-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 86p3r6z93qpwxz255aj4whirnlyjs2c 826779 826778 2026-04-26T20:05:09Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 826779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Waheed Murad''' (Urdu; 2 ga Oktoba 1938 - 23 ga Nuwamba 1983) ya kasance [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] na fina-finai na Pakistan, furodusa da Marubucin rubutun, sananne ne ga maganganunsa masu ban sha'awa, halayensa masu kyau, murya mai tausayi da ƙwarewar yin wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2010 |title=Discovering Waheed Murad's inspirations |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/70978/discovering-waheed-murads-inspirations/ |access-date=27 December 2015 |website=THE EXPRESS TRIBUNE}}</ref> Waheed an dauke shi daya daga cikin shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kudancin Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Waheed Murad's death anniversary |url=http://e.thenews.com.pk/newsmag/mag/detail_article.asp?magId=11&id=6634}}</ref> Sau da yawa ana kiransa "Jarima'in Chocolaty" ko "Jariman Chocolate". An haife shi a [[Karachi]], Sindh, Pakistan, ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta SM Karachi, sannan kuma ya sami masters a cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi daga Jami'ar Karachi . <ref name="official">{{Cite web |title=Waheed Murad's Official Website - Waheed Murad's Biography |url=http://www.waheedmurad.com/biography.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040806191114/http://www.waheedmurad.com/biography.html |archive-date=6 August 2004 |access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a matsayin cameo a 1959 a fim din ''Saathi'' lokacin da yake dan shekara 21. Ayyukan fuskarsa marasa kyau, soyayya mai ƙarfin zuciya da salon wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa yayin hotunan waƙoƙi sun sa ya shahara sosai. Ɗaya daga cikin fina-finai shi ne Armaan, wanda ya samar, ya yi tasiri sosai a masana'antar fina-fakka ta nahiyar kamar yadda aka dauki masana'antar fim din Pakistan a matsayin tauraron da ke tasowa kuma fim din ya sanya shi tauraron dare daya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Waheed Murad: Facts about Waheed Murad |url=http://www.pakistanimusic.com/articles/waheedmurad_onehundredandonefacts.html |access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref> Sau ɗaya, a cikin wata hira a 1967, ya ce Dilip Kumar, ma, ba ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne marar mutuwa ba. Waheed an san shi da takardar kudi wanda za'a iya caji a ko'ina cikin ƙasar kuma shi ne kawai ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na masana'antar fina-finai don samun mafi yawan adadin platinum, lu'u-lu'u, zinariya da azurfa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Waheed Murad: One hundred and one facts |url=http://www.pakistanimusic.com/articles/waheedmurad_onehundredandonefacts.html |access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref> Ya mamaye al'ummar Pakistan a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970 fiye da kowa kafin ko bayan kuma an dauke shi jarumin cakulan na tarihin allon azurfa na Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Waheed Murad |url=http://www.waheedmurad.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050113035448/http://www.waheedmurad.com/ |archive-date=January 13, 2005 |access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Waheed Murad; still alive in the hearts |url=http://www.samaa.tv/entertainment/2014/11/waheed-murad-still-alive-in-the-hearts/ |access-date=2 December 2015 |website=Samaa News}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, bayan tsawon shekaru 27 bayan mutuwarsa, Shugaban Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Sitara-e-Imtiaz, lambar yabo ta uku mafi girma da kuma lambar yabo ta farar hula da Jihar Pakistan ta bayar, wanda aka bayar a fannonin adabi, zane-zane, wasanni, magani, ko kimiyya. Waheed ya yi aiki a cikin fina-finai 124 a matsayin [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] da fina-fakkaatu 6 a matsayin baƙo. Ya samar da fina-finai 11, ya ba da umarnin fim 1 kuma ya rubuta fina-fukkuna 4. == A matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo == Waheed Murad ya fito a jimillar fina-finai 124 (an fitar da fina-finai 2 bayan rasuwarsa) wanda 38 daga cikinsu baƙi ne da fari, kuma 86 launuka ne. Ya fito a fina-finan Urdu 115, fina-finan Punjabi 8 da kuma fim ɗin Pushto 1. Ya kuma fito a matsayin tauraro a fina-finai 6: fina-finan Urdu 3 da fina-finan Punjabi 3. A matsayinsa na jarumi, Waheed ya sami kyaututtuka 4 na Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun jarumai a fina-finan Heera Aur Pathar, Armaan, Andleeb da Mastana Mahi. Takaitaccen bayani game da fina-finansa da aka fitar a shekarun 1960 zuwa 1980 (ban da fina-finan, waɗanda ya fito a matsayin baƙon jarumi) kamar haka: {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" ! !Jimillar ![[Urdu]] ![[Harshen Punjab|Punjabi]] !Pushto !Lu'u-lu'u !Platinum !Zinariya !Azurfa !Rashin ruwa |- |1962-1970 |38 |38 |0 |0 |0 |2 |9 |19 |8 |- |1971-1980 |72 |66 |6 |0 |1 |2 |18 |23 |28 |- |1981-1987 |14 |11 |2 |1 |0 |0 |3 |8 |3 |- |Jimillar |124 |115 |8 |1 |1 |4 |30 |50 |39 |} Cikakken jerin sunayen Diamond, Platinum, Golden da Silver Jubilee da fina-finai masu lalacewa kamar haka: === Fim din Jubilee na Platinum === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo !Magana |- |1976 |''Shabana'' |Nazar Shabab |Babra Sharif, Shahid, Nanna, Masood Akhtar | |} === Fim din Jubilee na Zinariya === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo !Magana |- |1966 |''Makami'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Zahoor Ahmed | - Fim din farko na Platinum Jubilee na [[Pakistan]]- Waheed ya sami lambar yabo ta Nigar sau biyu, watau, don mafi kyawun furodusa & mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<br /> |- |1970 |''Anjuman'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Deeba, Sabiha Khanam, Santosh Kumar, Lehri |<ref name="Gazdar1997p267">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1974 |''Ishq kawai naa'' |Mista Akram |Aliya, Iqbal Hussain, Ilyas, Saba, Naheed |Fim din Punjabi |- |1978 |''Awaz'' |Zafar Shabab |Shabnam, [[Mohammad Ali]], Ghulam Mohiuddin, Naghma | |} === Fim din Jubilee na Azurfa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo !Magana |- |1962 |''Aulad'' |S.M. Yousuf |Nayyar Sultana, Habib, Rukhsaana, Talish |Fim na farko na Waheed a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo; ya taka rawar goyon baya |- |1963 |''Daaman'' |Qadeer Ghouri |Santosh Kumar, Sabiha Khanam, Neelo, Lehri, Tarana |Fim na biyu na Waheed a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo; ya taka rawar goyon baya |- |1964 |''Heera Aur Pathar'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Zeba, Ibrahim Nafees, Kamal Irani, Nirala{nammo}{kammo} | - Fim na farko na Waheed a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo kuma fim na 4 a matsayin mai yin wasan kwaikwayo- Waheed ya sami lambar yabo ta Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<br /> |- |1965 |''Kanay'' |Hassan Tariq |Zeba, [[Mohammad Ali]], Sabiha Khanam, Lehri, Saqi, Talish |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Mohammad Ali a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1967 |''Devar Bhabhi'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Sabiha Khanam, Santosh Kumar, Lehri, Jafri, Najmi | |- |1967 |''Ehsaan'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Azad, Ibrahim Nafees | |- |1968 |''Dil Mera Dharkan Teri'' |M. A. Rashid |Shamim Ara, Rani, Lehri | |- |1969 |''Salgira'' |Qamar Zaidi |Shamim Ara, Tariq Aziz, Nirala |<ref name="Gazdar1997p263">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1969 |''Andaleeb'' |Ya yi farin ciki da Ahmed |Shabnam, Aliya, Talish, Mustafa Qureshi |Waheed ya sami lambar yabo ta Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1971 |''[[Mastana Mahi (film)|Mastana Mahi]]'' |Iftikhar Khan |Naghma, Aliya, Munawwar Zareef, Asad Bukhari | - Fim din Punjabi na farko na Waheed- Waheed ya sami lambar yabo ta Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<br /> |- |- |1971 |''Neend Hamari Khwab Tumhare'' |K. Khursheed |Deeba, Aliya, Talish, Nirala |<ref name="Gazdar1997p269">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1972 |''Khalish'' |Laeeq Akhtar |Rani, Sangeeta, Qavi, Talish, Alauddin, Nanna | |- |1972 |''Baharo Phool Barsao'' |Mista Sadiq |Rani, Munawwar Zareef, Aslam Pervaiz | | |- |1972 |''Daulat aur duniya'' |Khalifa Saeed |Aliya, Rozina, Nanna, Khalifa Nazir | |- |1974 |''Tum rho'' |M.A. Rasheed |Asiya, [[Mohammad Ali]], Mumtaz, Nayyar Sultana | |- |1974 |''Phool kawai gulshan ka'' |Iqbal Akhtar |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Nadeem, Lehri, Sahera | |- |1974 |''Dushman'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Mumtaz, Adeeb | - Fim din Waheed na karshe tare da Pervez Malik- Fim din launi guda daya na Waheed-Pervez<br /> |- |1974 |''Shama'' |Nazar Shabab |Deeba, Babra Sharif, [[Mohammad Ali]], Nadeem | |- |1975 |''Mohabbat Zindagi Hai'' |Iqbal Akhtar |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Mumtaz, Lehri, Qavi | |- |1975 |''Jogi'' |Haider Chaudhry |Asiya, Munawwar Saeed, Nanna, Ali Ejaz, Afzal |Fim din Punjabi |- |1975 |''Surat aur seerat'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Mumtaz, Sudhir, [[Mohammad Ali]], Nisho | |- |1975 |''Jab jab phool khiley'' |Iqbal Akhtar |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Nadeem, Mumtaz | |- |1978 |''Saheli'' |Shabab Kiranvi |Rani, Shabnam, Gullu, Nanna, Ibrahim Nafees | |- |1978 |''Parakh'' |Jan Mohammad |Rani, Asif Khan, Usman Peerzada, Nanna | |- |1978 |''Khuda aur mohabbat'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Babra Sharif, [[Mohammad Ali]], Gullu, Roohi Bano | |- |1978 |''Behan Bhai'' |Nazar Shabab |Rani, [[Mohammad Ali]], Bindiya, Nanna, Ali Ejaz | |- |1980 |''Pyari'' |Jamshed Naqvi |Shabnam, Ghulam Mohiuddin, Nisho, Naghma, Qavi | |- |1981 |''[[Kala dhanda gorey log]]'' |Sajjad mai rai |Sangeeta, Samina, Asif Khan, Badar Munir | |- |1981 |''Kiran aur kali'' |Zahid Shah |Shabnam, [[Mohammad Ali]], Lehri, Shahnawaz |Fim din karshe na Waheed |} === Fim din Jubilee na Diamond === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo !Magana |- |1965 |''Bahu Begum'' |Wazeer Ali |Habib, Sabira Sultana, Deeba, Nasira |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Deeba |- |1965 |''Eid Mubarak'' |S.M. Yousuf |Zeba, Habib, Rukhsana, Iqbal Yousuf |Fim na farko na Pakistan tare da 'yan launi |- |1966 |''[[Josh (1966 film)|Josh]]'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Zeba, Sudhir, Rozina, Hanif, Iqbal Yousuf | |- |1966 |''Jaag Utha Insaan'' |Sheikh Hassan |Zeba, [[Mohammad Ali]], Firdous, Ibrahim Nafees | |- |1966 |''Bhayya'' |Qazi Zaheer Rehan |Chitra Singha, Anwar Hussein, Shabana |Fim din Waheed kawai a Gabashin Pakistan <ref>{{Cite web |title=Janya mujhay kya ho geya... |url=http://utopianvision.co.uk/bollywood/videos/?v=NcT3Lo7wma8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929083452/http://utopianvision.co.uk/bollywood/videos/?v=NcT3Lo7wma8 |archive-date=2011-09-29 |access-date=2023-11-20}}</ref> |- |1967 |''Doraha'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Shamim Ara, Deeba, Talish, Qurban Jilani |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Shamim Ara |- |1967 |''Phir Subha Hogi'' |Rafiq Rizvi |Deeba, Iqbal Yousuf, Talat Siddiqui, Nirala | |- |1967 |''Maan Baap'' |Khalil Qaiser |Zeba, Zamurrad, Yousuf Khan, Alauddin | |- |1967 |''Rishta Hai Pyar Ka'' |Qamar Zaidi |Zeba, Iqbal Yousuf, Hanif, Farida Adeeb |Fim na farko na Pakistan wanda aka harbe shi a kasashen waje (a Ingila) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembering the chocolate hero: Waheed Murad {{!}} DesPardes.com |url=http://www.despardes.com/Entertainment/news/nov03/nov22-waheed-murad-remembered.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040415194041/http://www.despardes.com/Entertainment/news/nov03/nov22-waheed-murad-remembered.html |archive-date=2004-04-15 |website=www.despardes.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Waheed |url=http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Interview/4052/waheed.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627174131/http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Interview/4052/waheed.html |archive-date=2008-06-27}}</ref> |- |1967 |''Rashin hankali'' |Shabab Kiranvi |Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a Nanna talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. | |- |1968 |''Samandar'' |Rafiq Ghauri |Shabnam, Hanif, Rozina, Rashid |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Shabnam |- |1968 |''Jahan Tum Wahan Hum'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Shabnam, Nirala, Badar Munir | |- |1969 |''[[Ishara (1969 film)|Ishara]]'' |Waheed Murad |Deeba, Rozina, Lehri, Talat Hussein | - Waheed ya sami lambar yabo ta Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1969 |''Ladla'' |A.H. Siddiqui |Shabnam, Santosh Kumar, Sabiha Khanam, Lehri, Talish |<ref name="Gazdar1997p264">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1969 |''Eik Nagina'' |S.A. Hafiz |Deeba, Aliya, Qavi, Lehri, Saiqa, Adeeb |<ref name="Gazdar1997p264" /> |- |1970 |''Afsana'' |Luqman |Deeba, Rozina, Nanna |<ref name="Gazdar1997p266">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1970 |''Bewafa'' |S. Suleman |Shamim Ara, Rehana, Nabila, Mustafa Qureshi |<ref name="Gazdar1997p266" /> |- |1970 |''Naseeb Apna Apna'' |Qamar Zaidi |Shabnam, Nirala, Saqi |<ref name="Gazdar1997p266" /> |- |1970 |''Chand Suraj'' |Shor Lakhnavi |Nadeem, Shabana, Rozina, Nanna, Sangeeta | - Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Nadeem- Fim na biyu na Pakistan wanda ya dogara da labaru daban-daban<br /> |- |1971 |''[[Afshan(film)|Afshan]]'' |Hashmi mai rai |Shabnam, Aliya, Lehri, Tariq Aziz, Saiqa, Nighat Sultana, Tamanna, Mohamad Yousuf, Latif Charlie, S.M. Saleem | |- |1972 |''Tashar Hill'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Shamim Ara, Iqbal Yousuf, Qavi, Nirala |Waheed ya taka rawa sau biyu, daya a matsayin jarumi kuma wani a matsayin muguMai laifi |- |1972 |''Zindagi Aik Safar Hai'' |S.M. Yousuf |Shamim Ara, Ejaz, Deeba, Iqbal Yousuf, Faizi |Fim na 50 na Waheed a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1973 |''Jaal'' |Iftikhar Khan |Nisho, Shaista Qaiser, Husna, Nanna | |- |1973 |''Anhoni'' |Iqbal Akhtar |Aliya, Zarqa, Lehri, Saqi, Zahid Khan | |- |1974 |''Pyar Hi Pyar'' |R.A. Rakhin |Asiya, Shazia, M. Saeed, Alauddin, Adeeb | |- |1974 |''Nanna Farishta'' |K. Khursheed |Deeba, [[Mohammad Ali]], Nayyar Sultana | |- |1974 |''Haqeeqat'' |Nazrul Musulunci |[[Mohammad Ali]], Deeba, Babra Sharif, Talish |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Babra Sharif |- |1974 |''Deedar'' |Hassan Tariq |[[Mohammad Ali]], Rani, Mumtaz, Sabiha Khanam | |- |1976 |''Zubaida'' |Aslam Daar |Babra Sharif, Nisho, Sabiha Khanam, Aslam Pervaiz, Lehri | |- |1976 |''Waqt'' |Zafar Shabab |Babra Sharif, Kaveeta, Shamim Ara, Habib, Nanna | |- |1976 |''Waada'' |Aslam Daar |Deeba, Asiya, Saiqa, Lehri, Alauddin | |- |1976 |''Goonj ya ce Shehnai'' |S.M. Yousuf |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Ruhi Bano, Aslam Pervaiz | |- |1976 |''Aap Ka Khadim'' |Wazir Ali |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Najma, Rangeela | |- |1977 |''Apne Huye Paraye'' |Iqbal Akhtar |Mumtaz, Gullu, Sangeeta, Nayyar Sultana | |- |1978 |''Nazrana'' |Nazar Shabab |Rani, Neelo, Gullu, Bindia, Ali Ejaz, Masood | |- |1979 |''Waaday Ki Zanjeer'' |Shabab Kiranvi |[[Mohammad Ali]], Sabiha Khanam, Anjuman, Ali Ejaz |Fim na 100 na Waheed a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1979 |''Yahan Se Wahan Tak'' |Syed Kamal |Kamal, Mumtaz, Asif Khan, Ali Ejaz | |- |1979 |''Tarana'' |Nazar Shabab |Rani, Gullu, Nanna, Tamanna, Bahar, Meena | |- |1979 |''Nishani'' |Jamshed Naqvi |Shabnam, Qavi, Tariq Aziz, Nayyar Sultana | |- |1980 |''Zameer'' |Iqbal Akhtar |[[Mohammad Ali]], Deeba, Ruhi Bano, Lehri | |- |1980 |''Chotay Nawab'' |Iqbal Akhtar |Shahid, Babra Sharif, Neelo, Nanna, Hanif | |- |1980 |''Badnaam'' |Iqbal Yousuf |[[Mohammad Ali]], Rani, Babra Sharif, Naghma, Lehri | |- |1981 |''Mutumin da ke da bindiga'' |Iqbal Yousuf |[[Mohammad Ali]], Rani, Babra Sharif, Mumtaz | |- |1981 |''Kawai Apne'' |Shamim Ara |Shamim Ara, Shahid, Mumtaz, Asif Raza Mir | |- |1981 |''[[Dil Ne Phir Yaad Kya]]'' |Iqbal Akhtar |Shahid, Babra Sharif, Ibrahim Nafees, Nayyar Sultana | |- |1981 |''Gherao'' |Iqbal Yousuf |[[Mohammad Ali]], Shabnam, Asif Khan | |- |1981 |''Pakhtoon Pay Wilayat Kamba'' |Sajjad mai rai |Mumtaz, Asif Khan, Badar Muneer |Fim din Pushto na Waheed kawai, wanda aka zana a Burtaniya.[[Birtaniya|UK]] |- |1982 |''[[I Love You (1982 film)|Ina son ka]]'' |Jamshed Naqvi |Shahid, Shabnam, Arzoo, Nanna | |- |1982 |''Aahat'' |Fazil mai rai |Nadeem, Shabnam, Bindia, Saqi | |- |1983 |''Maang Meri Bhar Do'' |Gauhar Ali |[[Mohammad Ali]], Shabnam, Lehri, Ishrat | |- |1985 |''Jarumi'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Babra Sharif, Mumtaz, Adil Murad, Nadeem (a matsayin baƙon tauraro) |Fim na karshe na rayuwar Waheed Murad |} === Fim din da aka yi watsi da shi === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo !Magana |- |1964 |''Mamta'' |Saqlain Rizvi |Bahar, Yasmin, Naghma, Ajmal | |- |1965 |''Saaz Aur Awaz'' |Mista Hashim |Rani, Habib, Ragni, Adeeb, Talish, S. Gul |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Rani a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1965 |''Dokta'' |Shaukat Hashmi |Bahar, Yasmin, Jafri, Emi, Najmul Hassan | |- |1966 |''Honahar'' |S.M. Yousuf |Rukhsana, Shakeel, Tarannum, Kamal Irani | |- |1968 |''Jaan-e-Arzo'' |Qadeer Ghori |Shamim Ara, Aslam Pervaiz, Salma Mumtaz | |- |1969 |''Tumhi Ho Mehboob Mere'' |Shabab Kiranvi |Deeba, Rozina, Qavi |Fim din Waheed na farko mai launi |- |1969 |''Maa Beta'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Sabiha Khanam, Rangeels, Nanna |<ref name="Gazdar1997p264">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1970 |''Phir Chand Nikle Ga'' |Rafiq Rizvi |Deeba, Rozina, Nirala |<ref name="Gazdar1997p267">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1971 |''Afshan'' |Hashmi mai rai |Shabnam da Aaliya da Lehri |<ref name="Gazdar1997p269">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1971 |''Khamosh Nigahen'' |Jameel Akhter |Rozina, Husna, Tamanna |<ref name="Gazdar1997p270">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1971 |''Rim Jhim'' |Qamar Zaidi |Rozina, Kamal Irani, Zamarrud |<ref name="Gazdar1997p269" /> |- |1972 |''Naag Muni'' |Tseren Mir |Rani, Sangeeta, Qavi, Talish, Masood Akhter |Waheed da Rani dukansu sun taka rawa biyu |- |1972 |''Bandagi'' |Ya yi farin ciki da Ahmed |Shabnam, Talat Hussein, Santosh Rissal, Talish | |- |1973 |''Mulaqat'' |Laeeq Akhter |[Hasiya] |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Nisho a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1973 |''Khwab Aur Zindagi'' |Ya yi farin ciki da Ahmed |Shamim Ara, Masood Akhter, Saiqa, Lehri | |- |1974 |''Mastani Mehbooba'' |Laeeq Akhter |Sangeeta, Kaveeta, Munawwar Zareef | |- |1974 |''Sayyo Ni Mera Mahi'' |Iftikhar Khan |Aliya, Sabiha Khanam, Alauddin, Munawwar Zareef |Fim din Punjabi |- |1974 |''Usey Dekha Usey Chaha'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Rozina, Nirala, Lehri, Niggo, Santosh Rissal | - Waheed da Pervaiz sun sake haɗuwa bayan kusan shekaru 6 - Fim ɗin da ya ɓace kawai na Waheed-Pervaiz<br /> |- |1974 |''Laila Majnu'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Masood Akhter, Talish, Nanna | |- |1975 |''Izzat'' |Jaffar Bukhari |Neelo, Darpan, Talish, Sangeeta, Lehri | |- |1975 |''Dilruba'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Mustafa Qureshi, Nanna, Alauddin | |- |1975 |''Sajjan Kamla'' |Mista Akram |Aliya, Munawwar Zareef, Saba, Afzal, Talish |Fim din Punjabi |- |1976 |''Rastey Ka Pathar'' |M.A. Rasheed |Nisho, Ruhi Bano, Lehri, Aslam Pervaiz, Sultan Rahi | |- |1976 |''[[Naag Aur Nagin (1976 film)|Naag Aur Nagin]]'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Shahid, Kaveeta, Aslam Pervaiz, Alauddin, Ilyas | |- |1976 |''Mehboob Mera Mastana'' |Saqlain Rizvi |Asiya, Sangeeta, Lehri, Nanna, Talish | |- |1976 |''Zaib-un-Nisa'' |Ya yi farin ciki da Ahmed |Shamim Ara, Aliya, Saleem Nazir, Fazil Butt | |- |1976 |''Kharidar'' |Jamshed Naqvi |[[Mohammad Ali]], Deeba, Habib, Aslam Pervaiz | |- |1976 |''Surraya Bhopali'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Shahid, Husna, Alauddin, Talish | |- |1976 |''Jiyo Aur Jeenay Do'' |Shamim Ara |Nadeem, Mumtaz, Shamim Ara, Gullu, Lehri | |- |1977 |''Gidan sarauta'' |Azizul Hassan |Nadeem, Mumtaz, Deeba, Nanna, Nayyar Sultana | |- |1977 |''Akh Lari Badu Badi'' |Shafi Akhter |Mumtaz, Mustafa Qureshi, Alauddin, Nimmo |Fim din Punjabi |- |1978 |''Aadmi'' |M.A. Rasheed |[[Mohammad Ali]], Sangeeta, Nisho, Lehri | |- |1978 |''Insaan Aur Shaitan'' |Khalifa Saeed |Najma, Shahid, Asif Khan, Nanna, Nasrullah | |- |1978 |''Sheeshay Ka Ghar'' |Nazrul Musulunci |Shahid, Mumtaz, Nanna, Afzal, Shahnawaz |Waheed ya yi wani mummunan haliHalin mugun mutum |- |1979 |''Raja Ki Aye Gi Baraat'' |Iftikhar Khan |[[Mohammad Ali]], Mumtaz, Sabiha Khanam, Qavi | |- |1979 |''Aurat Raj'' |Rangeela |Rani, Rangeela, Nanna, Sultan Rahi | |- |1980 |''Bandhan'' |Shaukat Hashmi |Neelam, Najma, Gullu, Lehri, Aslam Pervaiz | |- |1981 |''Anokha Daaj'' |Aslam Daar |Asiya, Sultan Rahi, Durdana, Sabiha Khanam |Fim din Punjabi |- |1982 |''Wohti Jee'' |M.J. Rana |Mumtaz, Musarrat Shaheen, Ali Ejaz, Sabiha Khanam |Fim din Punjabi na karshe na Waheed |- |1987 |''Zalzala'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Rani, Sudhir, Sultan Rahi, Asif Khan, Ilyas |Fim din karshe da aka fitar na Waheed Murad |} == A matsayin cameo == == A matsayin mai samarwa == Waheed Murad, a matsayin furodusa, ya samar da fina-finai 11 (finai 10 na Urdu & fim 1 na Punjabi), daga cikinsu fina-fukkuka 8 baƙar fata ne da fari kuma fina-fukai 3 suna da launi. Yawancin waɗannan fina-finai, gami da Armaan, masu sukar fim sun yaba da su. A matsayinsa na furodusa ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun furodusa don Armaan . {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Masu ba da labari !Kasuwanci |- |1961 |''Insaan badalta hai'' |Munawwar Rasheed |Darpan, Shamim Ara, Lehri |Jubilee na Zinariya |- |1963 |''Jab se dekha hai tumhay'' |Munawwar Rasheed |Darpan, Zeba, Aga Jan, Lehri |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1964 |''Heera Aur Pathar'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Waheed Murad, Zeba, Ibrahim Nafees, Kamal Irani, Nirala |Jubilee na Zinariya |- |1966 |''Makami'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Waheed Murad, Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Zahoor Ahmed |Jubilee na Platinum |- |1967 |''Ehsaan'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Waheed Murad, Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Azad, Ibrahim Nafees |Jubilee na Zinariya |- |1968 |''Samandar'' |Rafiq Rizvi |Shabnam, Waheed Murad, Hanif, Rozina, Rashid |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1969 |''[[Ishara (1969 film)|Ishara]]'' |Waheed Murad |Waheed Murad, Deeba, Rozina, Talat Hussain |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1970 |''Naseeb Apna Apna'' |Qamar Zaidi |Waheed Murad, Shabnam, Nirala, Tamanna, Saqi |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1971 |''Mastana mahi'' (fim din Punjabi) |Iftikhar Khan |Waheed Murad, Naghma, Aliya, Munawwar Zareef, Asad Bukhari |Jubilee na Zinariya |- |1973 |''Jaal'' |Iftikhar Khan |Waheed Murad, Nisho, Shaista Qaiser, Husna, Nanna |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1985 |''Jarumi'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Waheed Murad, Babra Sharif, Mumtaz, Adil Murad, Nadeem (a matsayin baƙo) |Jubilee na Azurfa |} == A matsayin darektan == Waheed Murad ya ba da umarnin fim daya kawai ''Ishara'', wanda ya kasa cimma burin ofishin jakadancin. {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Masu ba da labari !Kasuwanci |- |1969 |''[[Ishara (1969 film)|Ishara]]'' |Waheed Murad, Deeba, Rozina, Talat Hussain |Jubilee na Azurfa |} == A matsayin marubuci == Waheed Murad ya rubuta rubutun don fina-finai 4, biyu daga cikinsu sun sami godiya sosai daga masu cinemagoers. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Masu ba da labari !Kasuwanci |- |1966 |''Makami'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Waheed Murad, Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Zahoor Ahmed |Jubilee na Platinum |- |1967 |''Ehsaan'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Waheed Murad, Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Ibrahim Nafees, Azad |Jubilee na Zinariya |- |1969 |''[[Ishara (1969 film)|Ishara]]'' |Waheed Murad |Waheed Murad, Deeba, Rozina, Talat Hussain |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1985 |''Jarumi'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Waheed Murad, Babra Sharif, Mumtaz, Adil Murad, Nadeem (a matsayin baƙo) |Jubilee na Azurfa |} == A matsayin mawaƙi == A cikin fim din ''[[Ishara (1969 film)|Ishara]]'', Waheed Murad ya sami raira waƙar ''Jaisay taisay beet gaya din.''.. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thecinezine.com |url=http://thecinezine.com/Waheed_Murad.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004125854/http://thecinezine.com/Waheed_Murad.html |archive-date=2011-10-04 |access-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] doart8trmxh5obuo6lwclczj5kpxnss 0 148590 826784 2026-04-26T20:15:37Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351115214|John Ternus]]" 826784 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''John Ternus'''(an haife shi a shekarar 1975 ko 1976) injiniya ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka kuma babban jami'in kasuwanci wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mataimakin shugaban injiniyan kayan aiki a [[Apple Network Server|Apple Inc]]. tun daga shekarar 2021. Ya fara aiki da Apple a shekarar 2001. Apple ta sanar a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2026 cewa Ternus zai gaji Tim Cook a matsayin Shugaba, daga ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2026. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Ternus a shekara ta 1975 or 1976.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2026-04-20 |title=Apple Inc. (Form: 8-K, Received: 04/20/2026 17:30:14) |url=https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0000320193/7b513b27-d159-4d85-99f8-5bc1638cd2e7.html |access-date=2026-04-21 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.]] |quote=Mr. Ternus, 50, joined Apple in 2001 and assumed his current position in 2021.}}</ref> Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin injiniya daga Jami'ar Pennsylvania a shekarar 1997. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apple Leadership - John Ternus |url=https://www.apple.com/leadership/john-ternus/ |access-date=July 14, 2021 |website=Apple |language=en-US}}</ref> Yayinda yake Penn, Ternus ya yi gasa a cikin ƙungiyar yin iyo ta maza.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 3, 1994 |title=M. Swim coasts to easy win |url=https://www.thedp.com/article/1994/02/m-swim-coasts-to-easy-win |access-date=October 9, 2025 |website=[[The Daily Pennsylvanian]] |publisher=}}</ref> Don babban aikinsa, ya haɓaka hannayen ciyarwa na inji wanda mutane masu fama da quadriplegia ke aiki da shi ta amfani da motsi na kai. == Ayyuka == Ternus ya fara aikinsa a matsayin injiniyan injiniya wanda ke tsara belun kunne na gaskiya na kama-da-wane a Tsarin Bincike na Virtual. Ya shiga Apple a shekarar 2001 a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar ƙirar samfura, inda ya fara aiki a kan Apple Cinema Display. A shekarar 2013, an naɗa shi mataimakin shugaban injiniyan kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin Dan Riccio, yana kula da haɓaka layin samfuran AirPods, Mac da iPad..<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mann |first=Jyoti |date=November 17, 2025 |title=Who is John Ternus, the Apple exec tipped to take over from Tim Cook? |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-john-ternus-exec-tipped-replace-tim-cook-ceo-2024-9 |access-date=May 15, 2025 |website=[[Business Insider]] |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2020, an kuma sanya shi a matsayin mai kula da kayan aikin iPhone, wanda Riccio ke kula da shi kai tsaye.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="72" href="./Tim_Cook" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook's Run as Apple CEO Could End as Early as 2025. Who Will Replace Him?<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2021-08-29/who-will-replace-tim-cook-as-the-next-ceo-of-apple-aapl-ksxiq29z&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;access-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;October</nowiki> 16, 2023<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;work<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[Bloomberg News]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;language<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;en<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mw7Q\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt29\" class=\"citation news cs1\" data-x-id=\"CITEREFGurman2021\" id=\"mw7g\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"97\" href=\"./Mark_Gurman_(journalist)\" id=\"mw7w\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Mark Gurman (journalist)\">Gurman, Mark</a></nowiki> (August 29, 2021). <nowiki><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2021-08-29/who-will-replace-tim-cook-as-the-next-ceo-of-apple-aapl-ksxiq29z\" id=\"mw8A\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Tim Cook's Run as Apple CEO Could End as Early as 2025. Who Will Replace Him?\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mw8Q\"><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"98\" href=\"./Bloomberg_News\" id=\"mw8g\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Bloomberg News\">Bloomberg News</a></nowiki><nowiki></i></nowiki><nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mw8w\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mw9A\">October 16,</span></nowiki> 2023<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./John_Ternus#cite_note-:2-9 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> An ci gaba da shi zuwa babban mataimakin shugaban injiniyan kayan aiki a 2021, ya maye gurbin Riccio, <ref name=":1" /> kuma an sanya shi a matsayin mai kula da kayan aikin Apple Watch a ƙarshen 2022. Bloomberg News ta ruwaito cewa Ternus shine "mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin ƙungiyar zartarwa ta Apple", kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ƙwarewa da ƙaunatacce". <ref name=":1" /> Kafofin yada labarai sun ruwaito shi a ko'ina don ya zama mai maye gurbin Tim Cook a matsayin shugaban zartarwa na gaba na kamfanin. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mann |first=Jyoti |date=November 17, 2025 |title=Who is John Ternus, the Apple exec tipped to take over from Tim Cook? |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-john-ternus-exec-tipped-replace-tim-cook-ceo-2024-9 |access-date=May 15, 2025 |website=[[Business Insider]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="macr_charlton">{{Cite web |last=Charlton |first=Hartley |date=October 6, 2025 |title=Gurman: Major Apple Leadership Shakeup Impending With John Ternus as Next CEO |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2025/10/06/apple-leadership-shakeup-impending/ |access-date=October 9, 2025 |website=[[MacRumors]]}}</ref> Ternus ya gabatar da sabbin kayan aiki a wasu tarurrukan WWDC, inda ya bayyana sabbin abubuwan da suka shafi iMac da MacBook Pro, iPad Pros na 2018, iMac Pro da kuma sabon tsarin Mac Pro na 2019. Daga baya ya bayyana a matsayin mai gabatarwa na yau da kullun a tarurrukan Apple..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple Events - October 2021 |url=https://www.apple.com/apple-events/october-2021/ |access-date=November 11, 2021 |website=Apple |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WWDC22 Keynote |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/wwdc22-keynote/id275834665?i=1000565413850 |access-date=April 21, 2025 |website=Apple Podcasts |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple Event — May 7 |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/apple-event-may-7/id275834665?i=1000654821230 |access-date=April 21, 2025 |website=Apple Podcasts |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2026, Apple ta sanar da cewa Ternus zai maye gurbin Tim Cook a matsayin shugaban kamfanin a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2026.. <ref name="cnbc">{{Cite web |last=Vanian |first=Jonathan |last2=Elias |first2=Jennifer |date=2026-04-20 |title=Apple names John Ternus as CEO to replace Tim Cook, who will become chairman |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2026/04/20/apple-names-john-ternus-ceo-replacing-tim-cook-who-becomes-chairman.html |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=[[CNBC]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="apple1">{{Cite web |title=Tim Cook to become Apple Executive Chairman John Ternus to become Apple CEO |url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2026/04/tim-cook-to-become-apple-executive-chairman-john-ternus-to-become-apple-ceo/ |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=Apple Newsroom |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin kayayyakin Apple == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] oldvgi5rt2frc8f36slb4khwvikqzzd 826786 826784 2026-04-26T20:16:09Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 826786 wikitext text/x-wiki -{{Databox}}   '''John Ternus'''(an haife shi a shekarar 1975 ko 1976) injiniya ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka kuma babban jami'in kasuwanci wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mataimakin shugaban injiniyan kayan aiki a [[Apple Network Server|Apple Inc]]. tun daga shekarar 2021. Ya fara aiki da Apple a shekarar 2001. Apple ta sanar a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2026 cewa Ternus zai gaji Tim Cook a matsayin Shugaba, daga ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2026. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Ternus a shekara ta 1975 or 1976.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2026-04-20 |title=Apple Inc. (Form: 8-K, Received: 04/20/2026 17:30:14) |url=https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0000320193/7b513b27-d159-4d85-99f8-5bc1638cd2e7.html |access-date=2026-04-21 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.]] |quote=Mr. Ternus, 50, joined Apple in 2001 and assumed his current position in 2021.}}</ref> Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin injiniya daga Jami'ar Pennsylvania a shekarar 1997. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apple Leadership - John Ternus |url=https://www.apple.com/leadership/john-ternus/ |access-date=July 14, 2021 |website=Apple |language=en-US}}</ref> Yayinda yake Penn, Ternus ya yi gasa a cikin ƙungiyar yin iyo ta maza.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 3, 1994 |title=M. Swim coasts to easy win |url=https://www.thedp.com/article/1994/02/m-swim-coasts-to-easy-win |access-date=October 9, 2025 |website=[[The Daily Pennsylvanian]] |publisher=}}</ref> Don babban aikinsa, ya haɓaka hannayen ciyarwa na inji wanda mutane masu fama da quadriplegia ke aiki da shi ta amfani da motsi na kai. == Ayyuka == Ternus ya fara aikinsa a matsayin injiniyan injiniya wanda ke tsara belun kunne na gaskiya na kama-da-wane a Tsarin Bincike na Virtual. Ya shiga Apple a shekarar 2001 a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar ƙirar samfura, inda ya fara aiki a kan Apple Cinema Display. A shekarar 2013, an naɗa shi mataimakin shugaban injiniyan kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin Dan Riccio, yana kula da haɓaka layin samfuran AirPods, Mac da iPad..<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mann |first=Jyoti |date=November 17, 2025 |title=Who is John Ternus, the Apple exec tipped to take over from Tim Cook? |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-john-ternus-exec-tipped-replace-tim-cook-ceo-2024-9 |access-date=May 15, 2025 |website=[[Business Insider]] |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2020, an kuma sanya shi a matsayin mai kula da kayan aikin iPhone, wanda Riccio ke kula da shi kai tsaye.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="72" href="./Tim_Cook" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook's Run as Apple CEO Could End as Early as 2025. Who Will Replace Him?<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2021-08-29/who-will-replace-tim-cook-as-the-next-ceo-of-apple-aapl-ksxiq29z&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;access-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;October</nowiki> 16, 2023<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;work<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[Bloomberg News]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;language<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;en<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mw7Q\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt29\" class=\"citation news cs1\" data-x-id=\"CITEREFGurman2021\" id=\"mw7g\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"97\" href=\"./Mark_Gurman_(journalist)\" id=\"mw7w\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Mark Gurman (journalist)\">Gurman, Mark</a></nowiki> (August 29, 2021). <nowiki><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2021-08-29/who-will-replace-tim-cook-as-the-next-ceo-of-apple-aapl-ksxiq29z\" id=\"mw8A\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Tim Cook's Run as Apple CEO Could End as Early as 2025. Who Will Replace Him?\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mw8Q\"><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"98\" href=\"./Bloomberg_News\" id=\"mw8g\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Bloomberg News\">Bloomberg News</a></nowiki><nowiki></i></nowiki><nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mw8w\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mw9A\">October 16,</span></nowiki> 2023<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./John_Ternus#cite_note-:2-9 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> An ci gaba da shi zuwa babban mataimakin shugaban injiniyan kayan aiki a 2021, ya maye gurbin Riccio, <ref name=":1" /> kuma an sanya shi a matsayin mai kula da kayan aikin Apple Watch a ƙarshen 2022. Bloomberg News ta ruwaito cewa Ternus shine "mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin ƙungiyar zartarwa ta Apple", kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ƙwarewa da ƙaunatacce". <ref name=":1" /> Kafofin yada labarai sun ruwaito shi a ko'ina don ya zama mai maye gurbin Tim Cook a matsayin shugaban zartarwa na gaba na kamfanin. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mann |first=Jyoti |date=November 17, 2025 |title=Who is John Ternus, the Apple exec tipped to take over from Tim Cook? |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-john-ternus-exec-tipped-replace-tim-cook-ceo-2024-9 |access-date=May 15, 2025 |website=[[Business Insider]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="macr_charlton">{{Cite web |last=Charlton |first=Hartley |date=October 6, 2025 |title=Gurman: Major Apple Leadership Shakeup Impending With John Ternus as Next CEO |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2025/10/06/apple-leadership-shakeup-impending/ |access-date=October 9, 2025 |website=[[MacRumors]]}}</ref> Ternus ya gabatar da sabbin kayan aiki a wasu tarurrukan WWDC, inda ya bayyana sabbin abubuwan da suka shafi iMac da MacBook Pro, iPad Pros na 2018, iMac Pro da kuma sabon tsarin Mac Pro na 2019. Daga baya ya bayyana a matsayin mai gabatarwa na yau da kullun a tarurrukan Apple..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple Events - October 2021 |url=https://www.apple.com/apple-events/october-2021/ |access-date=November 11, 2021 |website=Apple |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WWDC22 Keynote |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/wwdc22-keynote/id275834665?i=1000565413850 |access-date=April 21, 2025 |website=Apple Podcasts |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple Event — May 7 |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/apple-event-may-7/id275834665?i=1000654821230 |access-date=April 21, 2025 |website=Apple Podcasts |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2026, Apple ta sanar da cewa Ternus zai maye gurbin Tim Cook a matsayin shugaban kamfanin a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2026.. <ref name="cnbc">{{Cite web |last=Vanian |first=Jonathan |last2=Elias |first2=Jennifer |date=2026-04-20 |title=Apple names John Ternus as CEO to replace Tim Cook, who will become chairman |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2026/04/20/apple-names-john-ternus-ceo-replacing-tim-cook-who-becomes-chairman.html |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=[[CNBC]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="apple1">{{Cite web |title=Tim Cook to become Apple Executive Chairman John Ternus to become Apple CEO |url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2026/04/tim-cook-to-become-apple-executive-chairman-john-ternus-to-become-apple-ceo/ |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=Apple Newsroom |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin kayayyakin Apple == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] qyc4l81emep7msoqto8ptuz81olurvx 0 148591 826791 2026-04-26T20:25:36Z Hassseno m 44013 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1295713697|Gurbinder Singh Cheema]]" 826791 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Gurbinder Singh Cheema'''(an haife shi (1978-11-14)14 Nuwamba 1978) ɗan wasan ɗaga nauyi ne na maza ɗan Birtaniya, yana fafatawa a rukunin nauyin kilo 105 kuma yana wakiltar Burtaniya da Ingila a gasannin duniya. Ya fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya, kwanan nan a Gasar Ɗaga nauyi ta Duniya ta 2001. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2001 Weightlifting World Championships - Gurbinder Cheema |url=http://www.iwf.net/results/results-by-events/?event=89 |access-date=23 June 2016 |website=International Weightlifting Federation |publisher=iwf.net}}</ref> Ya wakilci Ingila a wasannin Commonwealth na 2002, 2006 da 2010. Ya lashe lambar tagulla a Snatch Lift a wasannin Commonwealth na 2002. Har ila yau, ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar zakarun Commonwealth na 2005.&nbsp; == Babban sakamako == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" width="40" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" width="250" |Wurin da ake ciki ! rowspan="2" width="60" |Nauyin nauyi ! colspan="4" |Rashin jaraba (kg) ! colspan="4" |Tsabtace & Jerk (kg) ! rowspan="2" width="40" |Jimillar ! rowspan="2" width="40" |Matsayi |- ! width="40" |1 ! width="40" |2 ! width="40" |3 ! width="40" |Matsayi ! width="40" |1 ! width="40" |2 ! width="40" |3 ! width="40" |Matsayi |- ! colspan="13" |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya |- |2001 | align="left" |[[Antalya]], Turkiyya{{Flagicon|TUR}} |105 kg |<s>155</s> |'''155''' |<s>160</s> |23 |185 |'''190''' |<s>195</s> |23 |'''345''' |23 |- |1999 | align="left" |[[Piraeus]], Girka{{Flagicon|Greece}} | +105 kg |145 |<s>150</s> |'''150''' |35 |185 |<s>190</s> |'''190''' |36 |'''340''' |34 |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] qlsfmvs5djeol9oazd23c5qszz95bzn 826792 826791 2026-04-26T20:25:56Z Hassseno m 44013 826792 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Gurbinder Singh Cheema'''(an haife shi (1978-11-14)14 Nuwamba 1978) ɗan wasan ɗaga nauyi ne na maza ɗan Birtaniya, yana fafatawa a rukunin nauyin kilo 105 kuma yana wakiltar Burtaniya da Ingila a gasannin duniya. Ya fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya, kwanan nan a Gasar Ɗaga nauyi ta Duniya ta 2001. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2001 Weightlifting World Championships - Gurbinder Cheema |url=http://www.iwf.net/results/results-by-events/?event=89 |access-date=23 June 2016 |website=International Weightlifting Federation |publisher=iwf.net}}</ref> Ya wakilci Ingila a wasannin Commonwealth na 2002, 2006 da 2010. Ya lashe lambar tagulla a Snatch Lift a wasannin Commonwealth na 2002. Har ila yau, ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar zakarun Commonwealth na 2005.&nbsp; == Babban sakamako == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" width="40" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" width="250" |Wurin da ake ciki ! rowspan="2" width="60" |Nauyin nauyi ! colspan="4" |Rashin jaraba (kg) ! colspan="4" |Tsabtace & Jerk (kg) ! rowspan="2" width="40" |Jimillar ! rowspan="2" width="40" |Matsayi |- ! width="40" |1 ! width="40" |2 ! width="40" |3 ! width="40" |Matsayi ! width="40" |1 ! width="40" |2 ! width="40" |3 ! width="40" |Matsayi |- ! colspan="13" |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya |- |2001 | align="left" |[[Antalya]], Turkiyya{{Flagicon|TUR}} |105 kg |<s>155</s> |'''155''' |<s>160</s> |23 |185 |'''190''' |<s>195</s> |23 |'''345''' |23 |- |1999 | align="left" |[[Piraeus]], Girka{{Flagicon|Greece}} | +105 kg |145 |<s>150</s> |'''150''' |35 |185 |<s>190</s> |'''190''' |36 |'''340''' |34 |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] jxnc3i55m72tkhqhg4krq09c0z9qf18 3 148592 826800 2026-04-26T21:23:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826800 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, BuckyFlow! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/BuckyFlow|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) fcclp0pa9j96dhr9tb3tkhadmzl0hn5 3 148593 826801 2026-04-26T21:23:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826801 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, SolenStigerOpIØsten! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/SolenStigerOpIØsten|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 47h4ttj4thj1az31sj0jjor1m7yafs0 3 148594 826802 2026-04-26T21:23:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826802 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yahya Salisu Sambo! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yahya Salisu Sambo|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 6kp3y5ko41yd411zbsy9mdrokawlrod 3 148595 826803 2026-04-26T21:23:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826803 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Allblessed! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Allblessed|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) axp2ec62lp92xulje56l7mozo4qupn7 3 148596 826804 2026-04-26T21:23:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826804 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Slamforeman! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Slamforeman|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 4edn7nz8191ol7x8jj0f4foozyhznwo 3 148597 826805 2026-04-26T21:24:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826805 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Nasirugagi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Nasirugagi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) f375ufk9erscikb702glvsrc7z9t7wu 3 148598 826806 2026-04-26T21:24:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826806 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, I kissed a boy and a disgusting it! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/I kissed a boy and a disgusting it|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) h0lcrxuyrg4o2oqaz4tcsl6hmj5fymk 3 148599 826807 2026-04-26T21:24:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826807 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ufabashir! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ufabashir|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) aa56d83cwnbnzz00cpxol8txbwl3n12 3 148600 826808 2026-04-26T21:24:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826808 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tiger Shankar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tiger Shankar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 9wz6d618dfk8686fc9uuns48w4xkrh6 3 148601 826809 2026-04-26T21:24:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826809 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yu-hotate! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yu-hotate|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) pvmhx8mg1fabi54s8uaer7foyp255tg 3 148602 826810 2026-04-26T21:24:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826810 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, AwardShowFan123! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/AwardShowFan123|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) lyaal59kdei66edlkh2u68xnvbkze56 3 148603 826812 2026-04-26T21:25:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826812 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bakir editing! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bakir editing|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) mhut3s2rmzygbnhxycbtx80o6o2qysl 3 148604 826813 2026-04-26T21:25:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826813 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ikamborden! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ikamborden|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) tbo4bersgf4s54iqh7k78c1s1r48plg 3 148605 826814 2026-04-26T21:25:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826814 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Xazyaqan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Xazyaqan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) c7x15xo8hn5tsip9u9opqqn2oyvklao 3 148606 826815 2026-04-26T21:25:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826815 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Nad.roz! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Nad.roz|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 6isy6gx6xt89nkmvxbhckngfnpxem9w 3 148607 826816 2026-04-26T21:25:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826816 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kossy2020! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kossy2020|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) fdpwh72c8ipijsw87k58rceiiqtdyw6 3 148608 826817 2026-04-26T21:25:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826817 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Xdrutherford! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Xdrutherford|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) epb4nziumif9f54mbii0wdwnlzph8d1 3 148609 826818 2026-04-26T21:26:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 826818 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tropicalsub! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tropicalsub|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 18t3r10o0kcn3tchph1tm5v2ut35but 0 148610 826862 2026-04-27T04:42:58Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1258392745|2010 in Nigeria]]" 826862 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu Abubuwan da suka faru a shekara ta '''2010 a [[Najeriya]]'''. == Wadanda ke aiki == === Gwamnatin Tarayya === * Shugaban ƙasa: [[Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] (har zuwa 5 ga Mayu), [[Goodluck Jonathan]] (farawa 5 ga Mayu) * [[Mataimakin shugaban Kasar Najeriya|Mataimakin Shugaban kasa]]: Har zuwa 5 ga Mayu: Goodluck Jonathan 5 ga Mayu - 19 ga Mayu: babu kowa Farawa 19 ga Mayu - Namadi Sambo ** Har zuwa 5 ga Mayu: Goodluck Jonathan ** 5 ga Mayu - 19 ga Mayu: babu kowa ** Farawa 19 ga Mayu: [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Shugaban Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya|Shugaban Majalisar Dattawa]]: David Mark[[David Mark|Dauda Markus]] * Kakakin majalisar: [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Shugaban Alƙalan Alƙalai na Najeriya|Babban Mai Shari'a]]: [[A. I. Katsina-Alu|Aloysius Iyorgyer Katsina-Alu]] === Gwamnoni === * Jihar Abia: [[Theodore Orji]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]]: [[Murtala Nyako]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin sunayen gwamnonin jihar Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]]: [[Godswill Akpabio]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Anambra|Jihar Anambra]]: Peter Obi ([[All Progressives Grand Alliance|APGA]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar Bauchi|Jihar Bauchi]]: [[Isa Yuguda]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * [[Jerin sunayen Gwamnoni jihar Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]]: [[Timipre Sylva]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar Benue|Jihar Benue]]: [[Gabriel Suswam]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Borno|Jihar Borno]]: [[Ali Modu Sheriff]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * Jihar Cross River: Liyel Imoke ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin gwamnonin Jihar Delta|Jihar Delta]]: [[Emmanuel E. Uduaghan|Emmanuel Uduaghan]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Ebonyi: [[Martin Elechi]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Edo: [[Adams Oshiomhole|Adams Aliyu Oshiomole]] (AC) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]]: [[Kayode Fayemi]] (AC) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin jihar Enugu|Jihar Enugu]]: [[Sullivan Chime]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Gombe|Jihar Gombe]]: [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Imo: Ikedi Ohakim ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Jigawa|Jihar Jigawa]]: Sule Lamido ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna|Jihar Kaduna]]: [[Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kano|Jihar Kano]]: [[Ibrahim Shekarau]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Katsina|Jihar Katsina]]: [[Ibrahim Shema]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]]: [[Usman Saidu Nasamu Dakingari]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kogi|Jihar Kogi]]: [[Ibrahim Idris]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kwara|Jihar Kwara]]: [[Bukola Saraki]] (AC) * [[Jerin gwamnonin Lagos|Jihar Legas]]: [[Babatunde Fashola]] (AC) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Nasarawa|Jihar Nasarawa]]: [[Aliyu Doma]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Niger|Jihar Nijar]]: [[Mu’azu Babangida Aliyu|Mu'azu Babangida Aliyu]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ogun|Jihar Ogun]]: [[Gbenga Daniel|Gbenga Daniyel]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Ondo: [[Olusegun Mimiko]] ([[Nigeria Labour Party|LP]]) * Jihar Osun: [[Rauf Aregbesola]] (AC) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Oyo.|Jihar Oyo]]: [[Adebayo Alao-Akala|Christopher Alao-Akala]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Filayen: [[Jonah David Jang]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Rivers: [[Rotimi Amaechi|Chibuike Amaechi]] (PDP) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jahar Sokoto|Jihar Sokoto]]: [[Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]]: [[Danbaba Suntai]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Yobe|Jihar Yobe]]: [[Ibrahim Gaidam]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * [[Zamfara|Jihar Zamfara]]: [[Mahmud Shinkafi]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) == Abubuwan da suka faru == * 5 ga Mayu - Shugaba [[Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] ya mutu daga Pericarditis, kuma Mataimakin Shugaba [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya gaje shi. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} mumf48yu8bq8l049bfukpmyfqi9kj0q 826863 826862 2026-04-27T04:43:23Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 826863 wikitext text/x-wiki Abubuwan da suka faru a shekara ta '''2010 a [[Najeriya]]'''. == Wadanda ke aiki == === Gwamnatin Tarayya === * Shugaban ƙasa: [[Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] (har zuwa 5 ga Mayu), [[Goodluck Jonathan]] (farawa 5 ga Mayu) * [[Mataimakin shugaban Kasar Najeriya|Mataimakin Shugaban kasa]]: Har zuwa 5 ga Mayu: Goodluck Jonathan 5 ga Mayu - 19 ga Mayu: babu kowa Farawa 19 ga Mayu - Namadi Sambo ** Har zuwa 5 ga Mayu: Goodluck Jonathan ** 5 ga Mayu - 19 ga Mayu: babu kowa ** Farawa 19 ga Mayu: [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Shugaban Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya|Shugaban Majalisar Dattawa]]: David Mark[[David Mark|Dauda Markus]] * Kakakin majalisar: [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Shugaban Alƙalan Alƙalai na Najeriya|Babban Mai Shari'a]]: [[A. I. Katsina-Alu|Aloysius Iyorgyer Katsina-Alu]] === Gwamnoni === * Jihar Abia: [[Theodore Orji]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]]: [[Murtala Nyako]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin sunayen gwamnonin jihar Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]]: [[Godswill Akpabio]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Anambra|Jihar Anambra]]: Peter Obi ([[All Progressives Grand Alliance|APGA]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar Bauchi|Jihar Bauchi]]: [[Isa Yuguda]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * [[Jerin sunayen Gwamnoni jihar Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]]: [[Timipre Sylva]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar Benue|Jihar Benue]]: [[Gabriel Suswam]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Borno|Jihar Borno]]: [[Ali Modu Sheriff]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * Jihar Cross River: Liyel Imoke ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin gwamnonin Jihar Delta|Jihar Delta]]: [[Emmanuel E. Uduaghan|Emmanuel Uduaghan]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Ebonyi: [[Martin Elechi]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Edo: [[Adams Oshiomhole|Adams Aliyu Oshiomole]] (AC) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]]: [[Kayode Fayemi]] (AC) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin jihar Enugu|Jihar Enugu]]: [[Sullivan Chime]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Gombe|Jihar Gombe]]: [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Imo: Ikedi Ohakim ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Jigawa|Jihar Jigawa]]: Sule Lamido ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna|Jihar Kaduna]]: [[Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kano|Jihar Kano]]: [[Ibrahim Shekarau]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Katsina|Jihar Katsina]]: [[Ibrahim Shema]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]]: [[Usman Saidu Nasamu Dakingari]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kogi|Jihar Kogi]]: [[Ibrahim Idris]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kwara|Jihar Kwara]]: [[Bukola Saraki]] (AC) * [[Jerin gwamnonin Lagos|Jihar Legas]]: [[Babatunde Fashola]] (AC) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Nasarawa|Jihar Nasarawa]]: [[Aliyu Doma]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Niger|Jihar Nijar]]: [[Mu’azu Babangida Aliyu|Mu'azu Babangida Aliyu]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ogun|Jihar Ogun]]: [[Gbenga Daniel|Gbenga Daniyel]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Ondo: [[Olusegun Mimiko]] ([[Nigeria Labour Party|LP]]) * Jihar Osun: [[Rauf Aregbesola]] (AC) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Oyo.|Jihar Oyo]]: [[Adebayo Alao-Akala|Christopher Alao-Akala]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Filayen: [[Jonah David Jang]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Rivers: [[Rotimi Amaechi|Chibuike Amaechi]] (PDP) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jahar Sokoto|Jihar Sokoto]]: [[Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]]: [[Danbaba Suntai]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Yobe|Jihar Yobe]]: [[Ibrahim Gaidam]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * [[Zamfara|Jihar Zamfara]]: [[Mahmud Shinkafi]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) == Abubuwan da suka faru == * 5 ga Mayu - Shugaba [[Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] ya mutu daga Pericarditis, kuma Mataimakin Shugaba [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya gaje shi. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 1tw8jv61d616h5dvcgx66kt2gnu6n19 826864 826863 2026-04-27T04:44:11Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Abubuwan da suka faru */ 826864 wikitext text/x-wiki Abubuwan da suka faru a shekara ta '''2010 a [[Najeriya]]'''. == Wadanda ke aiki == === Gwamnatin Tarayya === * Shugaban ƙasa: [[Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] (har zuwa 5 ga Mayu), [[Goodluck Jonathan]] (farawa 5 ga Mayu) * [[Mataimakin shugaban Kasar Najeriya|Mataimakin Shugaban kasa]]: Har zuwa 5 ga Mayu: Goodluck Jonathan 5 ga Mayu - 19 ga Mayu: babu kowa Farawa 19 ga Mayu - Namadi Sambo ** Har zuwa 5 ga Mayu: Goodluck Jonathan ** 5 ga Mayu - 19 ga Mayu: babu kowa ** Farawa 19 ga Mayu: [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Shugaban Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya|Shugaban Majalisar Dattawa]]: David Mark[[David Mark|Dauda Markus]] * Kakakin majalisar: [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Shugaban Alƙalan Alƙalai na Najeriya|Babban Mai Shari'a]]: [[A. I. Katsina-Alu|Aloysius Iyorgyer Katsina-Alu]] === Gwamnoni === * Jihar Abia: [[Theodore Orji]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]]: [[Murtala Nyako]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin sunayen gwamnonin jihar Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]]: [[Godswill Akpabio]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Anambra|Jihar Anambra]]: Peter Obi ([[All Progressives Grand Alliance|APGA]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar Bauchi|Jihar Bauchi]]: [[Isa Yuguda]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * [[Jerin sunayen Gwamnoni jihar Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]]: [[Timipre Sylva]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar Benue|Jihar Benue]]: [[Gabriel Suswam]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Borno|Jihar Borno]]: [[Ali Modu Sheriff]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * Jihar Cross River: Liyel Imoke ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin gwamnonin Jihar Delta|Jihar Delta]]: [[Emmanuel E. Uduaghan|Emmanuel Uduaghan]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Ebonyi: [[Martin Elechi]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Edo: [[Adams Oshiomhole|Adams Aliyu Oshiomole]] (AC) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]]: [[Kayode Fayemi]] (AC) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin jihar Enugu|Jihar Enugu]]: [[Sullivan Chime]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Gombe|Jihar Gombe]]: [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Imo: Ikedi Ohakim ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Jigawa|Jihar Jigawa]]: Sule Lamido ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna|Jihar Kaduna]]: [[Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kano|Jihar Kano]]: [[Ibrahim Shekarau]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Katsina|Jihar Katsina]]: [[Ibrahim Shema]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]]: [[Usman Saidu Nasamu Dakingari]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kogi|Jihar Kogi]]: [[Ibrahim Idris]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kwara|Jihar Kwara]]: [[Bukola Saraki]] (AC) * [[Jerin gwamnonin Lagos|Jihar Legas]]: [[Babatunde Fashola]] (AC) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Nasarawa|Jihar Nasarawa]]: [[Aliyu Doma]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Niger|Jihar Nijar]]: [[Mu’azu Babangida Aliyu|Mu'azu Babangida Aliyu]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ogun|Jihar Ogun]]: [[Gbenga Daniel|Gbenga Daniyel]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Ondo: [[Olusegun Mimiko]] ([[Nigeria Labour Party|LP]]) * Jihar Osun: [[Rauf Aregbesola]] (AC) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Oyo.|Jihar Oyo]]: [[Adebayo Alao-Akala|Christopher Alao-Akala]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Filayen: [[Jonah David Jang]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Rivers: [[Rotimi Amaechi|Chibuike Amaechi]] (PDP) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jahar Sokoto|Jihar Sokoto]]: [[Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]]: [[Danbaba Suntai]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Yobe|Jihar Yobe]]: [[Ibrahim Gaidam]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * [[Zamfara|Jihar Zamfara]]: [[Mahmud Shinkafi]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) == Abubuwan da suka faru == * 5 ga Mayu - Shugaba [[Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] ya mutu daga Pericarditis, kuma Mataimakin Shugaba [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya gaje shi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/05/20105523627997165.html|title=Nigeria's president Yar'Adua dies|agency=Al Jazeera|date=6 May 2010|accessdate=22 July 2016}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 65yad56t890ervn57l3cihkp079a3j5 826865 826864 2026-04-27T04:44:36Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 826865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Abubuwan da suka faru a shekara ta '''2010 a [[Najeriya]]'''. == Wadanda ke aiki == === Gwamnatin Tarayya === * Shugaban ƙasa: [[Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] (har zuwa 5 ga Mayu), [[Goodluck Jonathan]] (farawa 5 ga Mayu) * [[Mataimakin shugaban Kasar Najeriya|Mataimakin Shugaban kasa]]: Har zuwa 5 ga Mayu: Goodluck Jonathan 5 ga Mayu - 19 ga Mayu: babu kowa Farawa 19 ga Mayu - Namadi Sambo ** Har zuwa 5 ga Mayu: Goodluck Jonathan ** 5 ga Mayu - 19 ga Mayu: babu kowa ** Farawa 19 ga Mayu: [[Namadi Sambo]] * [[Shugaban Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya|Shugaban Majalisar Dattawa]]: David Mark[[David Mark|Dauda Markus]] * Kakakin majalisar: [[Dimeji Bankole]] * [[Shugaban Alƙalan Alƙalai na Najeriya|Babban Mai Shari'a]]: [[A. I. Katsina-Alu|Aloysius Iyorgyer Katsina-Alu]] === Gwamnoni === * Jihar Abia: [[Theodore Orji]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]]: [[Murtala Nyako]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin sunayen gwamnonin jihar Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]]: [[Godswill Akpabio]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Anambra|Jihar Anambra]]: Peter Obi ([[All Progressives Grand Alliance|APGA]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar Bauchi|Jihar Bauchi]]: [[Isa Yuguda]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * [[Jerin sunayen Gwamnoni jihar Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]]: [[Timipre Sylva]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar Benue|Jihar Benue]]: [[Gabriel Suswam]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Borno|Jihar Borno]]: [[Ali Modu Sheriff]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * Jihar Cross River: Liyel Imoke ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin gwamnonin Jihar Delta|Jihar Delta]]: [[Emmanuel E. Uduaghan|Emmanuel Uduaghan]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Ebonyi: [[Martin Elechi]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Edo: [[Adams Oshiomhole|Adams Aliyu Oshiomole]] (AC) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]]: [[Kayode Fayemi]] (AC) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin jihar Enugu|Jihar Enugu]]: [[Sullivan Chime]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Gombe|Jihar Gombe]]: [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Imo: Ikedi Ohakim ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Jigawa|Jihar Jigawa]]: Sule Lamido ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna|Jihar Kaduna]]: [[Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kano|Jihar Kano]]: [[Ibrahim Shekarau]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Katsina|Jihar Katsina]]: [[Ibrahim Shema]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]]: [[Usman Saidu Nasamu Dakingari]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kogi|Jihar Kogi]]: [[Ibrahim Idris]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kwara|Jihar Kwara]]: [[Bukola Saraki]] (AC) * [[Jerin gwamnonin Lagos|Jihar Legas]]: [[Babatunde Fashola]] (AC) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Nasarawa|Jihar Nasarawa]]: [[Aliyu Doma]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Niger|Jihar Nijar]]: [[Mu’azu Babangida Aliyu|Mu'azu Babangida Aliyu]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ogun|Jihar Ogun]]: [[Gbenga Daniel|Gbenga Daniyel]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Ondo: [[Olusegun Mimiko]] ([[Nigeria Labour Party|LP]]) * Jihar Osun: [[Rauf Aregbesola]] (AC) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Oyo.|Jihar Oyo]]: [[Adebayo Alao-Akala|Christopher Alao-Akala]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Filayen: [[Jonah David Jang]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * Jihar Rivers: [[Rotimi Amaechi|Chibuike Amaechi]] (PDP) * [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jahar Sokoto|Jihar Sokoto]]: [[Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]]: [[Danbaba Suntai]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) * [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Yobe|Jihar Yobe]]: [[Ibrahim Gaidam]] ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) * [[Zamfara|Jihar Zamfara]]: [[Mahmud Shinkafi]] ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) == Abubuwan da suka faru == * 5 ga Mayu - Shugaba [[Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] ya mutu daga Pericarditis, kuma Mataimakin Shugaba [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya gaje shi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/05/20105523627997165.html|title=Nigeria's president Yar'Adua dies|agency=Al Jazeera|date=6 May 2010|accessdate=22 July 2016}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} m9n7akv79sjpl7evz7gpn4cru0ucjac 0 148611 826867 2026-04-27T04:57:38Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1295716688|Itigidi]]" 826867 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri Itigidi''' wani yanki ne a Yankin karamar hukuma ta [[Abi]] a [[Cross River|Jihar Cross River]], [[Najeriya]] . [[Kalaba|Calabar]], babban birnin Jihar Cross River, yana da kusan kilomita 109 (68 daga Itigidi. Itigidi da [[Abuja]], babban birnin Najeriya, sun raba kusan kilomita 356 (221 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Itigidi, Nigeria - Facts and information on Itigidi - Nigeria.Places-in-the-world.com |url=https://nigeria.places-in-the-world.com/2337020-place-itigidi.html |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=nigeria.places-in-the-world.com}}</ref> == Yanayi == A cikin Itigidi, lokacin rigar yana da dumi, mai zalunci, kuma yana da duhu kuma Lokacin fari yana da zafi, mai laushi, kuma yana cikin girgije. A cikin shekara, zafin jiki yawanci ya bambanta daga 67 ° F zuwa 88 ° F kuma yana da wuya a kasa da 60 ° F ko sama da 91 ° F.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Itigidi Winter Weather, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/s/58507/3/Average-Winter-Weather-in-Itigidi-Nigeria |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=weatherspark.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Renovation of Itigidi PHC |url=http://eutf.akvoapp.org/en/project/3258/hierarchy/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Akvo RSR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Themesberg |title=Project Pipeline {{!}} Nigeria Climate Finance Database |url=https://themesberg.com/product/web-templates/leaf-non-profit-environmental-bootstrap-4-theme |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=themesberg.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cross River Archives |url=https://postalcode.ng/category/cross-river/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=PostalCode.ng}}</ref> == Asibiti == Daga cikin asibitin da ke Itigidi akwai; * Asibitin hadin gwiwa na tunawa da Eja Itigidi == Makaranta == Daga cikin makarantar a Itigidi akwai; * Makarantar Nursing ta Jihar Cross River Itigidi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cross River State College of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences: Nursing College |url=https://conmsit.edu.ng/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=conmsit.edu.ng |language=en}}</ref> * Kwalejin Nursing Itigidi <ref>{{Cite web |title=ABI Local Government Area |url=https://abilga.cr.gov.ng/institution/college-of-nursing |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=abilga.cr.gov.ng}}</ref> * Makarantar Sakandare ta Al'umma, Itigidi == Manazarta == <references /> <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|5|53|31|N|8|01|18|E|type:city_region:NG}} klr2chq4ba8kejif3rdgz13ukj89pzq 826868 826867 2026-04-27T04:58:18Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 826868 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itigidi''' wani yanki ne a Yankin karamar hukuma ta [[Abi]] a [[Cross River|Jihar Cross River]], [[Najeriya]] . [[Kalaba|Calabar]], babban birnin Jihar Cross River, yana da kusan kilomita 109 (68 daga Itigidi. Itigidi da [[Abuja]], babban birnin Najeriya, sun raba kusan kilomita 356 (221 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Itigidi, Nigeria - Facts and information on Itigidi - Nigeria.Places-in-the-world.com |url=https://nigeria.places-in-the-world.com/2337020-place-itigidi.html |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=nigeria.places-in-the-world.com}}</ref> == Yanayi == A cikin Itigidi, lokacin rigar yana da dumi, mai zalunci, kuma yana da duhu kuma Lokacin fari yana da zafi, mai laushi, kuma yana cikin girgije. A cikin shekara, zafin jiki yawanci ya bambanta daga 67 ° F zuwa 88 ° F kuma yana da wuya a kasa da 60 ° F ko sama da 91 ° F.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Itigidi Winter Weather, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/s/58507/3/Average-Winter-Weather-in-Itigidi-Nigeria |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=weatherspark.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Renovation of Itigidi PHC |url=http://eutf.akvoapp.org/en/project/3258/hierarchy/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Akvo RSR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Themesberg |title=Project Pipeline {{!}} Nigeria Climate Finance Database |url=https://themesberg.com/product/web-templates/leaf-non-profit-environmental-bootstrap-4-theme |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=themesberg.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cross River Archives |url=https://postalcode.ng/category/cross-river/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=PostalCode.ng}}</ref> == Asibiti == Daga cikin asibitin da ke Itigidi akwai; * Asibitin hadin gwiwa na tunawa da Eja Itigidi == Makaranta == Daga cikin makarantar a Itigidi akwai; * Makarantar Nursing ta Jihar Cross River Itigidi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cross River State College of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences: Nursing College |url=https://conmsit.edu.ng/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=conmsit.edu.ng |language=en}}</ref> * Kwalejin Nursing Itigidi <ref>{{Cite web |title=ABI Local Government Area |url=https://abilga.cr.gov.ng/institution/college-of-nursing |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=abilga.cr.gov.ng}}</ref> * Makarantar Sakandare ta Al'umma, Itigidi == Manazarta == <references /> <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|5|53|31|N|8|01|18|E|type:city_region:NG}} qvh93rdzh7ivnekwr26kptw40r0ibw5 826869 826868 2026-04-27T04:58:59Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 826869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Itigidi''' wani yanki ne a Yankin karamar hukuma ta [[Abi]] a [[Cross River|Jihar Cross River]], [[Najeriya]] . [[Kalaba|Calabar]], babban birnin Jihar Cross River, yana da kusan kilomita 109 (68 daga Itigidi. Itigidi da [[Abuja]], babban birnin Najeriya, sun raba kusan kilomita 356 (221 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Itigidi, Nigeria - Facts and information on Itigidi - Nigeria.Places-in-the-world.com |url=https://nigeria.places-in-the-world.com/2337020-place-itigidi.html |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=nigeria.places-in-the-world.com}}</ref> == Yanayi == A cikin Itigidi, lokacin rigar yana da dumi, mai zalunci, kuma yana da duhu kuma Lokacin fari yana da zafi, mai laushi, kuma yana cikin girgije. A cikin shekara, zafin jiki yawanci ya bambanta daga 67 ° F zuwa 88 ° F kuma yana da wuya a kasa da 60 ° F ko sama da 91 ° F.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Itigidi Winter Weather, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/s/58507/3/Average-Winter-Weather-in-Itigidi-Nigeria |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=weatherspark.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Renovation of Itigidi PHC |url=http://eutf.akvoapp.org/en/project/3258/hierarchy/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Akvo RSR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Themesberg |title=Project Pipeline {{!}} Nigeria Climate Finance Database |url=https://themesberg.com/product/web-templates/leaf-non-profit-environmental-bootstrap-4-theme |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=themesberg.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cross River Archives |url=https://postalcode.ng/category/cross-river/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=PostalCode.ng}}</ref> == Asibiti == Daga cikin asibitin da ke Itigidi akwai; * Asibitin hadin gwiwa na tunawa da Eja Itigidi == Makaranta == Daga cikin makarantar a Itigidi akwai; * Makarantar Nursing ta Jihar Cross River Itigidi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cross River State College of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences: Nursing College |url=https://conmsit.edu.ng/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=conmsit.edu.ng |language=en}}</ref> * Kwalejin Nursing Itigidi <ref>{{Cite web |title=ABI Local Government Area |url=https://abilga.cr.gov.ng/institution/college-of-nursing |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=abilga.cr.gov.ng}}</ref> * Makarantar Sakandare ta Al'umma, Itigidi == Manazarta == <references /> <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|5|53|31|N|8|01|18|E|type:city_region:NG}} hn22mziecibwwp4wsw5gmwbjuhq5kow 0 148612 826870 2026-04-27T05:07:25Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344753657|Ekiti State House of Assembly]]" 826870 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da Majalisar Dokokin [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]] ita ce bangaren majalisa na gwamnatin Jihar Ekini ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ekiti Assembly Unrest: Lawmakers Allege Plot To Assassinate Five Members |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2016/10/19/ekiti-assembly-unrest-lawmakers-allege-plot-assassinate-five-members/ |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=Channels Television}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-06 |title=Ekiti 6th House of Assembly holds inaugural plenary |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/ekiti-6th-house-of-assembly-holds-inaugural-plenary/ |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=TVC News Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Majalisar dokoki ce mai zaman kanta tare da mambobi 26 da aka zaba daga yankuna 16 na kananan hukumomi (Majalisar Jiha) na jihar. Yankunan [[Ƙaramar hukuma|karamar hukuma]] da ke da yawan jama'a da yawa an rarraba su cikin mazabu biyu don ba da daidaitattun wakilci. Wannan ya sa yawan 'yan majalisa a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti 26 . Babban ayyukan Majalisar shine aiwatar da sabbin dokoki, gyara ko soke dokokin da ke akwai da kuma kula da zartarwa. Ana zabar mambobin majalisa na tsawon shekaru hudu tare da 'yan majalisa na tarayya (Sanata da Majalisar Wakilai). Majalisar jiha tana taruwa kwana uku daban-daban a mako (Tarabar, Laraba da Alhamis) don zaman majalisa a cikin babban birnin jihar, [[Ado-Ekiti]]. Mai magana da yawun Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti ta 6 a yanzu shine [[Hon. Adeoye Stephen Aribasoye]], wanda ya gaji [[Bunmi Adelugba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ibrgpx29m96q5hs5v7ug0t7dwc7m6ok 826871 826870 2026-04-27T05:08:06Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 826871 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Majalisar Dokokin [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]]''' ita ce bangaren majalisa na gwamnatin Jihar Ekini ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ekiti Assembly Unrest: Lawmakers Allege Plot To Assassinate Five Members |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2016/10/19/ekiti-assembly-unrest-lawmakers-allege-plot-assassinate-five-members/ |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=Channels Television}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-06 |title=Ekiti 6th House of Assembly holds inaugural plenary |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/ekiti-6th-house-of-assembly-holds-inaugural-plenary/ |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=TVC News Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Majalisar dokoki ce mai zaman kanta tare da mambobi 26 da aka zaba daga yankuna 16 na kananan hukumomi (Majalisar Jiha) na jihar. Yankunan [[Ƙaramar hukuma|karamar hukuma]] da ke da yawan jama'a da yawa an rarraba su cikin mazabu biyu don ba da daidaitattun wakilci. Wannan ya sa yawan 'yan majalisa a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti 26 . Babban ayyukan Majalisar shine aiwatar da sabbin dokoki, gyara ko soke dokokin da ke akwai da kuma kula da zartarwa. Ana zabar mambobin majalisa na tsawon shekaru hudu tare da 'yan majalisa na tarayya (Sanata da Majalisar Wakilai). Majalisar jiha tana taruwa kwana uku daban-daban a mako (Tarabar, Laraba da Alhamis) don zaman majalisa a cikin babban birnin jihar, [[Ado-Ekiti]]. Mai magana da yawun Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti ta 6 a yanzu shine [[Hon. Adeoye Stephen Aribasoye]], wanda ya gaji [[Bunmi Adelugba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 1zpysr4r73m1qoe5ae25bg8pzj7bt5i 826872 826871 2026-04-27T05:08:34Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 826872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Majalisar Dokokin [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]]''' ita ce bangaren majalisa na gwamnatin Jihar Ekini ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ekiti Assembly Unrest: Lawmakers Allege Plot To Assassinate Five Members |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2016/10/19/ekiti-assembly-unrest-lawmakers-allege-plot-assassinate-five-members/ |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=Channels Television}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-06 |title=Ekiti 6th House of Assembly holds inaugural plenary |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/ekiti-6th-house-of-assembly-holds-inaugural-plenary/ |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=TVC News Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Majalisar dokoki ce mai zaman kanta tare da mambobi 26 da aka zaba daga yankuna 16 na kananan hukumomi (Majalisar Jiha) na jihar. Yankunan [[Ƙaramar hukuma|karamar hukuma]] da ke da yawan jama'a da yawa an rarraba su cikin mazabu biyu don ba da daidaitattun wakilci. Wannan ya sa yawan 'yan majalisa a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti 26 . Babban ayyukan Majalisar shine aiwatar da sabbin dokoki, gyara ko soke dokokin da ke akwai da kuma kula da zartarwa. Ana zabar mambobin majalisa na tsawon shekaru hudu tare da 'yan majalisa na tarayya (Sanata da Majalisar Wakilai). Majalisar jiha tana taruwa kwana uku daban-daban a mako (Tarabar, Laraba da Alhamis) don zaman majalisa a cikin babban birnin jihar, [[Ado-Ekiti]]. Mai magana da yawun Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti ta 6 a yanzu shine [[Hon. Adeoye Stephen Aribasoye]], wanda ya gaji [[Bunmi Adelugba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} n3vowd5t2259q1g8q3tb54dimgpbs3o 826874 826872 2026-04-27T05:09:52Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 826874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Majalisar Dokokin [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]]''' ita ce bangaren majalisa na gwamnatin Jihar Ekini ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ekiti Assembly elects new Speaker, principal officers|url=https://punchng.com/ekiti-assembly-elects-new-speaker-principal-officers/|access-date=2020-06-23|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|date=7 June 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ekiti Assembly Unrest: Lawmakers Allege Plot To Assassinate Five Members |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2016/10/19/ekiti-assembly-unrest-lawmakers-allege-plot-assassinate-five-members/ |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=Channels Television}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-06 |title=Ekiti 6th House of Assembly holds inaugural plenary |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/ekiti-6th-house-of-assembly-holds-inaugural-plenary/ |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=TVC News Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Majalisar dokoki ce mai zaman kanta tare da mambobi 26 da aka zaba daga yankuna 16 na kananan hukumomi (Majalisar Jiha) na jihar. Yankunan [[Ƙaramar hukuma|karamar hukuma]] da ke da yawan jama'a da yawa an rarraba su cikin mazabu biyu don ba da daidaitattun wakilci. Wannan ya sa yawan 'yan majalisa a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti 26 . Babban ayyukan Majalisar shine aiwatar da sabbin dokoki, gyara ko soke dokokin da ke akwai da kuma kula da zartarwa. Ana zabar mambobin majalisa na tsawon shekaru hudu tare da 'yan majalisa na tarayya (Sanata da Majalisar Wakilai). Majalisar jiha tana taruwa kwana uku daban-daban a mako (Tarabar, Laraba da Alhamis) don zaman majalisa a cikin babban birnin jihar, [[Ado-Ekiti]]. Mai magana da yawun Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti ta 6 a yanzu shine [[Hon. Adeoye Stephen Aribasoye]], wanda ya gaji [[Bunmi Adelugba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} k3z7gqfk29kv4udrme53zglo0xztlqg 826875 826874 2026-04-27T05:11:07Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 826875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Majalisar Dokokin [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]]''' ita ce bangaren majalisa na gwamnatin Jihar Ekini ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ekiti Assembly elects new Speaker, principal officers|url=https://punchng.com/ekiti-assembly-elects-new-speaker-principal-officers/|access-date=2020-06-23|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|date=7 June 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ekiti Assembly Unrest: Lawmakers Allege Plot To Assassinate Five Members |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2016/10/19/ekiti-assembly-unrest-lawmakers-allege-plot-assassinate-five-members/ |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=Channels Television}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-06 |title=Ekiti 6th House of Assembly holds inaugural plenary |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/ekiti-6th-house-of-assembly-holds-inaugural-plenary/ |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=TVC News Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Majalisar dokoki ce mai zaman kanta tare da mambobi 26 da aka zaba daga yankuna 16 na kananan hukumomi (Majalisar Jiha) na jihar. Yankunan [[Ƙaramar hukuma|karamar hukuma]] da ke da yawan jama'a da yawa an rarraba su cikin mazabu biyu don ba da daidaitattun wakilci. Wannan ya sa yawan 'yan majalisa a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti 26 .<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-03-10|title=APC Wins 25 of 26 Assembly Seats in Ekiti|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/03/10/apc-wins-25-of-26-assembly-seats-in-ekiti/|access-date=2020-06-23|newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Babban ayyukan Majalisar shine aiwatar da sabbin dokoki, gyara ko soke dokokin da ke akwai da kuma kula da zartarwa. Ana zabar mambobin majalisa na tsawon shekaru hudu tare da 'yan majalisa na tarayya (Sanata da Majalisar Wakilai). Majalisar jiha tana taruwa kwana uku daban-daban a mako (Tarabar, Laraba da Alhamis) don zaman majalisa a cikin babban birnin jihar, [[Ado-Ekiti]]. Mai magana da yawun Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti ta 6 a yanzu shine [[Hon. Adeoye Stephen Aribasoye]], wanda ya gaji [[Bunmi Adelugba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} m0d94j91imtqivcms9suokfqu5v7zv3 826876 826875 2026-04-27T05:12:11Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 826876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Majalisar Dokokin [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]]''' ita ce bangaren majalisa na gwamnatin Jihar Ekini ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ekiti Assembly elects new Speaker, principal officers|url=https://punchng.com/ekiti-assembly-elects-new-speaker-principal-officers/|access-date=2020-06-23|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|date=7 June 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ekiti Assembly Unrest: Lawmakers Allege Plot To Assassinate Five Members |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2016/10/19/ekiti-assembly-unrest-lawmakers-allege-plot-assassinate-five-members/ |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=Channels Television}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-06 |title=Ekiti 6th House of Assembly holds inaugural plenary |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/ekiti-6th-house-of-assembly-holds-inaugural-plenary/ |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=TVC News Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Majalisar dokoki ce mai zaman kanta tare da mambobi 26 da aka zaba daga yankuna 16 na kananan hukumomi (Majalisar Jiha) na jihar. Yankunan [[Ƙaramar hukuma|karamar hukuma]] da ke da yawan jama'a da yawa an rarraba su cikin mazabu biyu don ba da daidaitattun wakilci. Wannan ya sa yawan 'yan majalisa a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti 26 .<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-03-10|title=APC Wins 25 of 26 Assembly Seats in Ekiti|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/03/10/apc-wins-25-of-26-assembly-seats-in-ekiti/|access-date=2020-06-23|newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Babban ayyukan Majalisar shine aiwatar da sabbin dokoki, gyara ko soke dokokin da ke akwai da kuma kula da zartarwa.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-06-19|title=Ekiti Assembly passes 2020 revised appropriation bill of N91.1bn|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/398510-ekiti-assembly-passes-2020-revised-appropriation-bill-of-n91-1bn.html|access-date=2020-06-23|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-11-13|title=Ekiti Assembly probes local govt finances under Fayose|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/295433-ekiti-assembly-probes-local-govt-finances-under-fayose.html|access-date=2020-06-23|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-06-09|title='Ekiti House of Assembly passed 19 bills, 17 motions in legislative year'|url=https://t.guardian.ng/news/ekiti-house-of-assembly-passed-19-bills-17-motions-in-legislative-year/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2020-06-23|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Ana zabar mambobin majalisa na tsawon shekaru hudu tare da 'yan majalisa na tarayya (Sanata da Majalisar Wakilai). Majalisar jiha tana taruwa kwana uku daban-daban a mako (Tarabar, Laraba da Alhamis) don zaman majalisa a cikin babban birnin jihar, [[Ado-Ekiti]]. Mai magana da yawun Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti ta 6 a yanzu shine [[Hon. Adeoye Stephen Aribasoye]], wanda ya gaji [[Bunmi Adelugba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} sspuxubg950qv884932od2yvej9na0t 0 148613 826879 2026-04-27T05:38:08Z Gwanki 3834 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342308882|Zola Maseko]]" 826879 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zola Maseko''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1967) shi ne darektan fina-finai na [[Eswatini|Swazi]] kuma marubucin allo. An san shi da fina-finai da suka shafi [[Kyamar Baki|wariyar launin fata]]. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Maseko a gudun hijira a shekara ta 1967 kuma ta yi karatu a Swaziland (yanzu [[Eswatini]]) da [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manuscripts of Timbuktu {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/films/manuscripts-of-timbuktu-2/ |access-date=2020-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-01 |title=Art of Africa: The 50 best African artists |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/art-of-africa-the-50-best-african-artists-426441.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/art-of-africa-the-50-best-african-artists-426441.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |access-date=2020-10-31 |website=The Independent |language=en |quote=Maseko was born in exile in 1967 and educated in Swaziland and Tanzania.}}</ref> Bayan ya koma Ingila, ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Fim da Talabijin ta Kasa a Beaconsfield a shekarar 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dembrow |first=Michael |title=DRUM |url=http://spot.pcc.edu/~mdembrow/DRUM.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216094153/http://spot.pcc.edu/~mdembrow/DRUM.htm |archive-date=16 February 2012 |access-date=2008-10-09 |publisher=[[Portland Community College]]}}</ref> Fim na farko na Maseko shine shirin Dear Sunshine, wanda aka saki a shekarar 1992. <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=Who's Who at FESPACO: Zola Maseko |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823194517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |archive-date=23 August 2007 |access-date=2008-10-09 |website=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] |publisher=[[BBC World Service]]}}</ref> Ya shiga cikin kamfen din 'yan tawaye da yawa na [[Umkhonto we Sizwe|uMkhonto mu Sizwe]] (MK). Ya koma Afirka ta Kudu a 1994 kuma ya rubuta The Foreigner, wani ɗan gajeren fim game da xenophobia a wannan ƙasar.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=Who's Who at FESPACO: Zola Maseko |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823194517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |archive-date=23 August 2007 |access-date=2008-10-09 |website=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] |publisher=[[BBC World Service]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml "Who's Who at FESPACO: Zola Maseko"]. ''[[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]]''. [[Sabis na Duniya na BBC|BBC World Service]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070823194517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml Archived] from the original on 23 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 1996, bayan Maseko ya tafi gidansa, wani dan wasan da ba a san shi ba ya nuna bindiga a kan darektan kuma ya harbe shi sau biyu. Ya gudu bayan bindigar ba ta harbe ba. Bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan, ya kira gidansa, kuma mai kai farmaki yana cikin waya. Ya "yi tunanin [Maseko] ''Baƙo'' ne. Mu ƙungiya ce mai sa ido da ke kewaye da kashe baƙi. Ba mu son su a nan". A shekara ta 1998 ya ba da umarnin The Life and Times of [[Sarah baartman|Sarah Baartman]], fim na minti 53 game da wata mace mai suna Sarah Baartmann a zamanin mulkin mallaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sweet |first=Matthew |author-link=Matthew Sweet (writer) |date=1999-11-14 |title=The rebirth of the Hottentot Venus |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-rebirth-of-the-hottentot-venus-1125837.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-rebirth-of-the-hottentot-venus-1125837.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |access-date=2020-10-31 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> An kafa shi tsakanin 1810 da 1815, shirin ya ba da labarin gaskiya na wata mace mai shekaru 20 da ke tafiya zuwa [[Landan]] daga Cape Town. An kai matar zuwa Faransa a 1814 kuma daga nan ya zama batun binciken kimiyya. An yi amfani da dabarun fina-finai na Maseko don nuna mace a matsayin nau'in ɗan adam, yana jaddada nuna bambancin launin fata ga baƙar fata na Afirka a Turai a lokacin mulkin mallaka. An yaba da shi sosai, ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Takaddun Afirka, 1999, a Bikin [[Documentary film|fim din]] Talabijin na Panafrican na Ouagadougou (FESPACO), Mafi Kyawun Kaddun a Bikin Finai na Milan na 1999 da kuma lambar yabo a Bikin Fitocin Kungiyar Fim na Afirka na 2001. <ref name="Icarus">{{Cite web |title=The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman:"The Hottentot Venus" |url=http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023131437/http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |archive-date=23 October 2008 |access-date=2008-10-09 |publisher=Icarus Films}}</ref> Sauran gajeren fina-finai na Maseko sun hada da The Return of Sarah Baartman, Children of the Revolution, da A Drink in the Passage, duk an fitar da su a shekara ta 2002. Wannan na karshe ya lashe lambar yabo ta musamman a FESPACO . <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=Who's Who at FESPACO: Zola Maseko |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823194517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |archive-date=23 August 2007 |access-date=2008-10-09 |website=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] |publisher=[[BBC World Service]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml "Who's Who at FESPACO: Zola Maseko"]. ''[[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]]''. [[Sabis na Duniya na BBC|BBC World Service]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070823194517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml Archived] from the original on 23 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Fim dinsa na farko shi ne Drum, wanda aka saki a shekara ta 2004. An kafa shi a cikin 1950s Johannesburg, yana ba da labarin mujallar wannan sunan kuma musamman yana mai da hankali kan Henry Nxumalo, ɗan jarida mai nuna rashin amincewa da wariyar launin fata. Ya sami babban kyautar a FESPACO, Golden Stallion na Yennenga, ban da kyautar kuɗi na miliyan 10 na CFA (US $ 20,000) a bikin rufewa a shekara ta 2005, Afirka ta Kudu ta farko da ta yi haka. Drum shine fim na farko na harshen Ingilishi da ya lashe kyautar tun shekara ta 1989. Mai shirya fim din a halin yanzu yana aiki a jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Homecoming, biyo bayan abubuwan da suka faru na mayakan MK guda uku da ke ƙoƙarin shiga cikin sauran Afirka ta Kudu. Maseko kuma yana aiki a kan ''[[Liverpool Leopard]]'', wanda zai zama fim dinsa na biyu.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=Who's Who at FESPACO: Zola Maseko |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823194517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |archive-date=23 August 2007 |access-date=2008-10-09 |website=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] |publisher=[[BBC World Service]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml "Who's Who at FESPACO: Zola Maseko"]. ''[[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]]''. [[Sabis na Duniya na BBC|BBC World Service]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070823194517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml Archived] from the original on 23 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin 2017, ya ba da umarni kuma ya rubuta fim din [[Zaki Mda|Zakes Mda]] na 2006 mai suna The Whale Caller . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Herimbi |first=Helen |date=October 13, 2017 |title=Sello Maake Ka-Ncube takes lead in 'The Whale Caller' |url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/movies/sello-maake-ka-ncube-takes-lead-in-the-whale-caller-11564547 |access-date=2020-10-31 |website=www.iol.co.za |language=en}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === A matsayin darektan === * ''[[The Foreigner (1997 film)|The Foreigner]]'' (1997) * ''The Life and Times of Sara Baartman'' (1998) * ''[[The Return of Sarah Baartman]]'' (2002) * ''[[Children of the Revolution (2002 film)|Children of the Revolution]]'' (2002) * ''[[A Drink in the Passage]]'' (2002) * ''Drum'' (2004) * ''The Whale Caller'' (2017) == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] arw7cb2l05ecs8wr2sudklah27ei4bq 826880 826879 2026-04-27T05:38:25Z Gwanki 3834 826880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zola Maseko''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1967) shi ne darektan fina-finai na [[Eswatini|Swazi]] kuma marubucin allo. An san shi da fina-finai da suka shafi [[Kyamar Baki|wariyar launin fata]]. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Maseko a gudun hijira a shekara ta 1967 kuma ta yi karatu a Swaziland (yanzu [[Eswatini]]) da [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manuscripts of Timbuktu {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/films/manuscripts-of-timbuktu-2/ |access-date=2020-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-01 |title=Art of Africa: The 50 best African artists |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/art-of-africa-the-50-best-african-artists-426441.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/art-of-africa-the-50-best-african-artists-426441.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |access-date=2020-10-31 |website=The Independent |language=en |quote=Maseko was born in exile in 1967 and educated in Swaziland and Tanzania.}}</ref> Bayan ya koma Ingila, ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Fim da Talabijin ta Kasa a Beaconsfield a shekarar 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dembrow |first=Michael |title=DRUM |url=http://spot.pcc.edu/~mdembrow/DRUM.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216094153/http://spot.pcc.edu/~mdembrow/DRUM.htm |archive-date=16 February 2012 |access-date=2008-10-09 |publisher=[[Portland Community College]]}}</ref> Fim na farko na Maseko shine shirin Dear Sunshine, wanda aka saki a shekarar 1992. <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=Who's Who at FESPACO: Zola Maseko |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823194517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |archive-date=23 August 2007 |access-date=2008-10-09 |website=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] |publisher=[[BBC World Service]]}}</ref> Ya shiga cikin kamfen din 'yan tawaye da yawa na [[Umkhonto we Sizwe|uMkhonto mu Sizwe]] (MK). Ya koma Afirka ta Kudu a 1994 kuma ya rubuta The Foreigner, wani ɗan gajeren fim game da xenophobia a wannan ƙasar.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=Who's Who at FESPACO: Zola Maseko |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823194517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |archive-date=23 August 2007 |access-date=2008-10-09 |website=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] |publisher=[[BBC World Service]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml "Who's Who at FESPACO: Zola Maseko"]. ''[[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]]''. [[Sabis na Duniya na BBC|BBC World Service]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070823194517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml Archived] from the original on 23 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 1996, bayan Maseko ya tafi gidansa, wani dan wasan da ba a san shi ba ya nuna bindiga a kan darektan kuma ya harbe shi sau biyu. Ya gudu bayan bindigar ba ta harbe ba. Bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan, ya kira gidansa, kuma mai kai farmaki yana cikin waya. Ya "yi tunanin [Maseko] ''Baƙo'' ne. Mu ƙungiya ce mai sa ido da ke kewaye da kashe baƙi. Ba mu son su a nan". A shekara ta 1998 ya ba da umarnin The Life and Times of [[Sarah baartman|Sarah Baartman]], fim na minti 53 game da wata mace mai suna Sarah Baartmann a zamanin mulkin mallaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sweet |first=Matthew |author-link=Matthew Sweet (writer) |date=1999-11-14 |title=The rebirth of the Hottentot Venus |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-rebirth-of-the-hottentot-venus-1125837.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-rebirth-of-the-hottentot-venus-1125837.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |access-date=2020-10-31 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> An kafa shi tsakanin 1810 da 1815, shirin ya ba da labarin gaskiya na wata mace mai shekaru 20 da ke tafiya zuwa [[Landan]] daga Cape Town. An kai matar zuwa Faransa a 1814 kuma daga nan ya zama batun binciken kimiyya. An yi amfani da dabarun fina-finai na Maseko don nuna mace a matsayin nau'in ɗan adam, yana jaddada nuna bambancin launin fata ga baƙar fata na Afirka a Turai a lokacin mulkin mallaka. An yaba da shi sosai, ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Takaddun Afirka, 1999, a Bikin [[Documentary film|fim din]] Talabijin na Panafrican na Ouagadougou (FESPACO), Mafi Kyawun Kaddun a Bikin Finai na Milan na 1999 da kuma lambar yabo a Bikin Fitocin Kungiyar Fim na Afirka na 2001. <ref name="Icarus">{{Cite web |title=The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman:"The Hottentot Venus" |url=http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023131437/http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |archive-date=23 October 2008 |access-date=2008-10-09 |publisher=Icarus Films}}</ref> Sauran gajeren fina-finai na Maseko sun hada da The Return of Sarah Baartman, Children of the Revolution, da A Drink in the Passage, duk an fitar da su a shekara ta 2002. Wannan na karshe ya lashe lambar yabo ta musamman a FESPACO . <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=Who's Who at FESPACO: Zola Maseko |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823194517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |archive-date=23 August 2007 |access-date=2008-10-09 |website=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] |publisher=[[BBC World Service]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml "Who's Who at FESPACO: Zola Maseko"]. ''[[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]]''. [[Sabis na Duniya na BBC|BBC World Service]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070823194517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml Archived] from the original on 23 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Fim dinsa na farko shi ne Drum, wanda aka saki a shekara ta 2004. An kafa shi a cikin 1950s Johannesburg, yana ba da labarin mujallar wannan sunan kuma musamman yana mai da hankali kan Henry Nxumalo, ɗan jarida mai nuna rashin amincewa da wariyar launin fata. Ya sami babban kyautar a FESPACO, Golden Stallion na Yennenga, ban da kyautar kuɗi na miliyan 10 na CFA (US $ 20,000) a bikin rufewa a shekara ta 2005, Afirka ta Kudu ta farko da ta yi haka. Drum shine fim na farko na harshen Ingilishi da ya lashe kyautar tun shekara ta 1989. Mai shirya fim din a halin yanzu yana aiki a jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Homecoming, biyo bayan abubuwan da suka faru na mayakan MK guda uku da ke ƙoƙarin shiga cikin sauran Afirka ta Kudu. Maseko kuma yana aiki a kan ''[[Liverpool Leopard]]'', wanda zai zama fim dinsa na biyu.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=Who's Who at FESPACO: Zola Maseko |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823194517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml |archive-date=23 August 2007 |access-date=2008-10-09 |website=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] |publisher=[[BBC World Service]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml "Who's Who at FESPACO: Zola Maseko"]. ''[[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]]''. [[Sabis na Duniya na BBC|BBC World Service]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070823194517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1349_whoswho/page6.shtml Archived] from the original on 23 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin 2017, ya ba da umarni kuma ya rubuta fim din [[Zaki Mda|Zakes Mda]] na 2006 mai suna The Whale Caller . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Herimbi |first=Helen |date=October 13, 2017 |title=Sello Maake Ka-Ncube takes lead in 'The Whale Caller' |url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/movies/sello-maake-ka-ncube-takes-lead-in-the-whale-caller-11564547 |access-date=2020-10-31 |website=www.iol.co.za |language=en}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === A matsayin darektan === * ''[[The Foreigner (1997 film)|The Foreigner]]'' (1997) * ''The Life and Times of Sara Baartman'' (1998) * ''[[The Return of Sarah Baartman]]'' (2002) * ''[[Children of the Revolution (2002 film)|Children of the Revolution]]'' (2002) * ''[[A Drink in the Passage]]'' (2002) * ''Drum'' (2004) * ''The Whale Caller'' (2017) == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] bsqfagb8lyi3uf7hk1vju3sme90cpyi 0 148614 826881 2026-04-27T05:40:09Z Gwanki 3834 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339247079|The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman]]" 826881 wikitext text/x-wiki The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman fim ne na Afirka ta Kudu na 1998 wanda Zola Maseko ya jagoranta. == Bayani game da shi == Fim din ya shafi wata mace mai suna [[Sarah baartman|Sarah Baartman]] a lokacin mulkin mallaka. An kafa shi tsakanin 1810 da 1815, shirin ya ba da labarin gaskiya na wata mace mai shekaru 20 da ke tafiya zuwa [[Landan]] daga Cape Town. Wani memba na mutanen [[Khoekhoe]], an nuna matar a matsayin mai banƙyama a duk faɗin Ingila kuma ta zama sananne da Hottentot Venus . Wata kungiya mai adawa da abolitionist ba ta yi nasara ba ta kai karar don 'yantar da ita daga masu baje kolin. An kai Baartman Faransa a 1814 kuma daga nan ya zama batun binciken kimiyya. Ko da bayan mutuwarta a shekara mai zuwa, ta zama alama ce ta ƙarancin al'adun Afirka kuma an nuna gabobin jima'i da kwakwalwarta a Gidan Tarihi na Mutum har zuwa 1985.<ref name="Icarus">{{Cite web |title=The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman:"The Hottentot Venus" |url=http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023131437/http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |archive-date=23 October 2008 |access-date=4 November 2020 |publisher=Icarus Films}}</ref> == Fitarwa == Zola Maseko ya yi tafiya zuwa Paris don duba gyaran gyare-gyare na jikin Baartman a Gidan Tarihi na Mutum . Don kada ya sake maimaita abin da matar kanta ta fuskanta, sai ya yanke shawarar kada ya yi fim din a tsirara. Maimakon haka, Maseko ya shawo kan wani ma'aikacin gidan kayan gargajiya na Afirka ya bar shi ya yi amfani da rigarta don taimakawa wajen kiyaye mutunci ga Baartman. Maseko ya yi aiki a kan fim din na tsawon shekaru bakwai. == Saki da karɓa == Fim din ya sami yabo sosai. Ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Takaddun Afirka, 1999 a [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|Bikin Fim da Talabijin na Panafrican na Ouagadougou]] (FESPACO), Mafi Kyawun Kaddun a Bikin Finai na Afirka na Milan na 1999 da kuma lambar yabo a Bikin Fasaha na Kungiyar Fim na Afirka na 2001. <ref name="Icarus">{{Cite web |title=The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman:"The Hottentot Venus" |url=http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023131437/http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |archive-date=23 October 2008 |access-date=4 November 2020 |publisher=Icarus Films}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html "The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman:"The Hottentot Venus""]. Icarus Films. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081023131437/http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html Archived] from the original on 23 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> A rubuce-rubuce a cikin mujallar ''H-AfriLitCine'', Miriam Ma'at-Ka-Re Monges ta kira shi "fim ne mai kyau" kuma ta ce "za ta ba da shawarar cewa a sanya shi wani ɓangare na ɗakin karatu na bidiyo na shirye-shiryen Nazarin Mata na Afirka, Afirka da na Mata. <ref name="Icarus" /> [[Keith Shiri]] ya rubuta a cikin ''[[The Guardian]]'': "Wannan fim mai ƙarfi shine fim na biyu ne kawai daga wannan matashi mai yin fim din Afirka kuma ya yi shelar fitowar mai basira da kuma ya zama mai ban sha'awa sosai". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shiri |first=Keith |title=The Life and Times of Sara Baartman - The Hottentot Venus |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/movie/80285/life-and-times-of-sara-baartman-the-hottentot-venus |access-date=4 November 2020 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Jane Bryce na tarihin fim ɗin zamani mai zurfiyar amfani da ra'ayi mai zurfi na tarihin fim din.<ref name="Icarus" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * [[imdbtitle:0290726|Rayuwa da Lokaci na Sarah Baartman]] a Cibiyar [[IMDb|Bayanan Fim na Intanet]] q13c701lqb83n80xk1g3g01etj6xs6d 826882 826881 2026-04-27T05:40:23Z Gwanki 3834 826882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman fim ne na Afirka ta Kudu na 1998 wanda Zola Maseko ya jagoranta. == Bayani game da shi == Fim din ya shafi wata mace mai suna [[Sarah baartman|Sarah Baartman]] a lokacin mulkin mallaka. An kafa shi tsakanin 1810 da 1815, shirin ya ba da labarin gaskiya na wata mace mai shekaru 20 da ke tafiya zuwa [[Landan]] daga Cape Town. Wani memba na mutanen [[Khoekhoe]], an nuna matar a matsayin mai banƙyama a duk faɗin Ingila kuma ta zama sananne da Hottentot Venus . Wata kungiya mai adawa da abolitionist ba ta yi nasara ba ta kai karar don 'yantar da ita daga masu baje kolin. An kai Baartman Faransa a 1814 kuma daga nan ya zama batun binciken kimiyya. Ko da bayan mutuwarta a shekara mai zuwa, ta zama alama ce ta ƙarancin al'adun Afirka kuma an nuna gabobin jima'i da kwakwalwarta a Gidan Tarihi na Mutum har zuwa 1985.<ref name="Icarus">{{Cite web |title=The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman:"The Hottentot Venus" |url=http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023131437/http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |archive-date=23 October 2008 |access-date=4 November 2020 |publisher=Icarus Films}}</ref> == Fitarwa == Zola Maseko ya yi tafiya zuwa Paris don duba gyaran gyare-gyare na jikin Baartman a Gidan Tarihi na Mutum . Don kada ya sake maimaita abin da matar kanta ta fuskanta, sai ya yanke shawarar kada ya yi fim din a tsirara. Maimakon haka, Maseko ya shawo kan wani ma'aikacin gidan kayan gargajiya na Afirka ya bar shi ya yi amfani da rigarta don taimakawa wajen kiyaye mutunci ga Baartman. Maseko ya yi aiki a kan fim din na tsawon shekaru bakwai. == Saki da karɓa == Fim din ya sami yabo sosai. Ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Takaddun Afirka, 1999 a [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|Bikin Fim da Talabijin na Panafrican na Ouagadougou]] (FESPACO), Mafi Kyawun Kaddun a Bikin Finai na Afirka na Milan na 1999 da kuma lambar yabo a Bikin Fasaha na Kungiyar Fim na Afirka na 2001. <ref name="Icarus">{{Cite web |title=The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman:"The Hottentot Venus" |url=http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023131437/http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |archive-date=23 October 2008 |access-date=4 November 2020 |publisher=Icarus Films}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html "The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman:"The Hottentot Venus""]. Icarus Films. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081023131437/http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html Archived] from the original on 23 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> A rubuce-rubuce a cikin mujallar ''H-AfriLitCine'', Miriam Ma'at-Ka-Re Monges ta kira shi "fim ne mai kyau" kuma ta ce "za ta ba da shawarar cewa a sanya shi wani ɓangare na ɗakin karatu na bidiyo na shirye-shiryen Nazarin Mata na Afirka, Afirka da na Mata. <ref name="Icarus" /> [[Keith Shiri]] ya rubuta a cikin ''[[The Guardian]]'': "Wannan fim mai ƙarfi shine fim na biyu ne kawai daga wannan matashi mai yin fim din Afirka kuma ya yi shelar fitowar mai basira da kuma ya zama mai ban sha'awa sosai". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shiri |first=Keith |title=The Life and Times of Sara Baartman - The Hottentot Venus |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/movie/80285/life-and-times-of-sara-baartman-the-hottentot-venus |access-date=4 November 2020 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Jane Bryce na tarihin fim ɗin zamani mai zurfiyar amfani da ra'ayi mai zurfi na tarihin fim din.<ref name="Icarus" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * [[imdbtitle:0290726|Rayuwa da Lokaci na Sarah Baartman]] a Cibiyar [[IMDb|Bayanan Fim na Intanet]] et1w54varcizytgx7smzshc9hl0bbv6 826883 826882 2026-04-27T05:40:40Z Gwanki 3834 826883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman''' fim ne na Afirka ta Kudu na 1998 wanda Zola Maseko ya jagoranta. == Bayani game da shi == Fim din ya shafi wata mace mai suna [[Sarah baartman|Sarah Baartman]] a lokacin mulkin mallaka. An kafa shi tsakanin 1810 da 1815, shirin ya ba da labarin gaskiya na wata mace mai shekaru 20 da ke tafiya zuwa [[Landan]] daga Cape Town. Wani memba na mutanen [[Khoekhoe]], an nuna matar a matsayin mai banƙyama a duk faɗin Ingila kuma ta zama sananne da Hottentot Venus . Wata kungiya mai adawa da abolitionist ba ta yi nasara ba ta kai karar don 'yantar da ita daga masu baje kolin. An kai Baartman Faransa a 1814 kuma daga nan ya zama batun binciken kimiyya. Ko da bayan mutuwarta a shekara mai zuwa, ta zama alama ce ta ƙarancin al'adun Afirka kuma an nuna gabobin jima'i da kwakwalwarta a Gidan Tarihi na Mutum har zuwa 1985.<ref name="Icarus">{{Cite web |title=The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman:"The Hottentot Venus" |url=http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023131437/http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |archive-date=23 October 2008 |access-date=4 November 2020 |publisher=Icarus Films}}</ref> == Fitarwa == Zola Maseko ya yi tafiya zuwa Paris don duba gyaran gyare-gyare na jikin Baartman a Gidan Tarihi na Mutum . Don kada ya sake maimaita abin da matar kanta ta fuskanta, sai ya yanke shawarar kada ya yi fim din a tsirara. Maimakon haka, Maseko ya shawo kan wani ma'aikacin gidan kayan gargajiya na Afirka ya bar shi ya yi amfani da rigarta don taimakawa wajen kiyaye mutunci ga Baartman. Maseko ya yi aiki a kan fim din na tsawon shekaru bakwai. == Saki da karɓa == Fim din ya sami yabo sosai. Ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Takaddun Afirka, 1999 a [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|Bikin Fim da Talabijin na Panafrican na Ouagadougou]] (FESPACO), Mafi Kyawun Kaddun a Bikin Finai na Afirka na Milan na 1999 da kuma lambar yabo a Bikin Fasaha na Kungiyar Fim na Afirka na 2001. <ref name="Icarus">{{Cite web |title=The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman:"The Hottentot Venus" |url=http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023131437/http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |archive-date=23 October 2008 |access-date=4 November 2020 |publisher=Icarus Films}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html "The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman:"The Hottentot Venus""]. Icarus Films. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081023131437/http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html Archived] from the original on 23 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> A rubuce-rubuce a cikin mujallar ''H-AfriLitCine'', Miriam Ma'at-Ka-Re Monges ta kira shi "fim ne mai kyau" kuma ta ce "za ta ba da shawarar cewa a sanya shi wani ɓangare na ɗakin karatu na bidiyo na shirye-shiryen Nazarin Mata na Afirka, Afirka da na Mata. <ref name="Icarus" /> [[Keith Shiri]] ya rubuta a cikin ''[[The Guardian]]'': "Wannan fim mai ƙarfi shine fim na biyu ne kawai daga wannan matashi mai yin fim din Afirka kuma ya yi shelar fitowar mai basira da kuma ya zama mai ban sha'awa sosai". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shiri |first=Keith |title=The Life and Times of Sara Baartman - The Hottentot Venus |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/movie/80285/life-and-times-of-sara-baartman-the-hottentot-venus |access-date=4 November 2020 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Jane Bryce na tarihin fim ɗin zamani mai zurfiyar amfani da ra'ayi mai zurfi na tarihin fim din.<ref name="Icarus" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * [[imdbtitle:0290726|Rayuwa da Lokaci na Sarah Baartman]] a Cibiyar [[IMDb|Bayanan Fim na Intanet]] dmpfg1x1haroi8x9gazzg6yaqtpxrce 826884 826883 2026-04-27T05:40:52Z Gwanki 3834 /* Bayanan da aka ambata */ 826884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman''' fim ne na Afirka ta Kudu na 1998 wanda Zola Maseko ya jagoranta. == Bayani game da shi == Fim din ya shafi wata mace mai suna [[Sarah baartman|Sarah Baartman]] a lokacin mulkin mallaka. An kafa shi tsakanin 1810 da 1815, shirin ya ba da labarin gaskiya na wata mace mai shekaru 20 da ke tafiya zuwa [[Landan]] daga Cape Town. Wani memba na mutanen [[Khoekhoe]], an nuna matar a matsayin mai banƙyama a duk faɗin Ingila kuma ta zama sananne da Hottentot Venus . Wata kungiya mai adawa da abolitionist ba ta yi nasara ba ta kai karar don 'yantar da ita daga masu baje kolin. An kai Baartman Faransa a 1814 kuma daga nan ya zama batun binciken kimiyya. Ko da bayan mutuwarta a shekara mai zuwa, ta zama alama ce ta ƙarancin al'adun Afirka kuma an nuna gabobin jima'i da kwakwalwarta a Gidan Tarihi na Mutum har zuwa 1985.<ref name="Icarus">{{Cite web |title=The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman:"The Hottentot Venus" |url=http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023131437/http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |archive-date=23 October 2008 |access-date=4 November 2020 |publisher=Icarus Films}}</ref> == Fitarwa == Zola Maseko ya yi tafiya zuwa Paris don duba gyaran gyare-gyare na jikin Baartman a Gidan Tarihi na Mutum . Don kada ya sake maimaita abin da matar kanta ta fuskanta, sai ya yanke shawarar kada ya yi fim din a tsirara. Maimakon haka, Maseko ya shawo kan wani ma'aikacin gidan kayan gargajiya na Afirka ya bar shi ya yi amfani da rigarta don taimakawa wajen kiyaye mutunci ga Baartman. Maseko ya yi aiki a kan fim din na tsawon shekaru bakwai. == Saki da karɓa == Fim din ya sami yabo sosai. Ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Takaddun Afirka, 1999 a [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|Bikin Fim da Talabijin na Panafrican na Ouagadougou]] (FESPACO), Mafi Kyawun Kaddun a Bikin Finai na Afirka na Milan na 1999 da kuma lambar yabo a Bikin Fasaha na Kungiyar Fim na Afirka na 2001. <ref name="Icarus">{{Cite web |title=The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman:"The Hottentot Venus" |url=http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023131437/http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html |archive-date=23 October 2008 |access-date=4 November 2020 |publisher=Icarus Films}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html "The Life and Times of Sarah Baartman:"The Hottentot Venus""]. Icarus Films. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081023131437/http://icarusfilms.com/new99/hottento.html Archived] from the original on 23 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> A rubuce-rubuce a cikin mujallar ''H-AfriLitCine'', Miriam Ma'at-Ka-Re Monges ta kira shi "fim ne mai kyau" kuma ta ce "za ta ba da shawarar cewa a sanya shi wani ɓangare na ɗakin karatu na bidiyo na shirye-shiryen Nazarin Mata na Afirka, Afirka da na Mata. <ref name="Icarus" /> [[Keith Shiri]] ya rubuta a cikin ''[[The Guardian]]'': "Wannan fim mai ƙarfi shine fim na biyu ne kawai daga wannan matashi mai yin fim din Afirka kuma ya yi shelar fitowar mai basira da kuma ya zama mai ban sha'awa sosai". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shiri |first=Keith |title=The Life and Times of Sara Baartman - The Hottentot Venus |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/movie/80285/life-and-times-of-sara-baartman-the-hottentot-venus |access-date=4 November 2020 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Jane Bryce na tarihin fim ɗin zamani mai zurfiyar amfani da ra'ayi mai zurfi na tarihin fim din.<ref name="Icarus" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[imdbtitle:0290726|Rayuwa da Lokaci na Sarah Baartman]] a Cibiyar [[IMDb|Bayanan Fim na Intanet]] sii9rs669fxgjmsgdgtgf9dtf3lerxn 0 148615 826885 2026-04-27T05:44:31Z Gwanki 3834 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341596912|Drum (2004 film)]]" 826885 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Drum''''' fim ne da aka yi a shekarar 2004 wanda ya dogara ne akan rayuwar ɗan jaridar bincike [[Afirka ta Kudu|na Afirka ta Kudu]] Henry Nxumalo, wanda ya yi aiki a mujallar ''Drum'', wanda aka kira "mujallar salon rayuwar baƙar fata ta farko a Afirka". Fim ɗin darakta Zola Maseko ne na farko kuma yana magana ne game da batutuwan wariyar launin fata da tilasta wa mazauna garin Sophiatown korar su daga ƙasar. Fim ɗin da farko an yi shi ne da shirye-shiryen talabijin guda shida mai suna ''Sophiatown Short Stories'', amma Maseko bai sami kuɗin ba. Jaruman Henry Nxumalo da babban mai ɗaukar hoto ''na Drum'' Jürgen Schadeberg ne suka taka rawar, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka Taye Diggs da Gabriel Mann, yayin da yawancin sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Afirka ta Kudu. Fim din ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto a watan Satumbar shekara ta 2004, kuma ya yi zagaye na bukukuwan fina-fakka na kasa da Kasa kafin a sake shi a Afirka ta Kudu a watan Yulin shekara ta 2006. An sake shi a Turai, amma ya kasa samun mai rarrabawa ga Amurka inda ya tafi kai tsaye zuwa DVD. Fim din ya sami karbuwa sosai. An ba shi kyautar Mafi Kyawun Fim na Afirka ta Kudu a [[Durban International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Durban]], kuma darektan Maseko ya sami babban kyautar a Bikin Finai da Talabijin na Panafrican na Ouagadougou (FESPACO). == Labari == Labarin ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da suka faru na ainihi da mutane na ainihi kuma an kafa shi ne a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 na Sophiatown, [[Johannesburg]] - ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan yankuna a Afirka ta Kudu inda baƙi za su iya mallakar dukiya da shan abin sha mai barasa. ''''Drum''''' ya fara ne da babban hali, marubucin wasanni Henry Nxumalo, yana ba da rahoto game da wasan dambe tare da [[Nelson Mandela]]. Nxumalo ya bar matarsa Florence a gida yayin da yake fita cikin rayuwar dare ta al'ummarsa kuma yana da alaƙa da mawaƙa mace. Yana aiki ga mujallar ''Drum'', wacce ita ce "mujallar rayuwar baki ta farko a Afirka". Farin fata ne suka ba da kuɗin mujallar kuma tana da ma'aikatan launin fata; ta shahara a tsakanin baƙar fata. Editan Burtaniya na Drum, Jim Bailey (Jason Flemyng), ya nemi Nxumalo ya rubuta a kan wurin aikata laifuka na gari, kuma Nxumalu, yayin da da da farko bai so ba, a ƙarshe ya yarda. Yayinda yake kan aikin, ya sadu da Slim (Zola), shugaban ƙungiyar, wanda ya taɓa saduwa da shi a Wuraren shan giya ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma ya shaida shi ya kashe wani mutum a Sophiatown. Da farko Nxumalo ya nisanta kansa daga labaran siyasa, amma a ƙarshe ya rubuta game da fiye da nishaɗi bayan matarsa da Mandela sun ƙarfafa shi. Lokacin da wani saurayi ya ɓace a gonar Boer kuma ana tsoron ya zama bawa, Nxumalo ya yanke shawarar yin bincike a ɓoye. Ya sami aiki a matsayin ma'aikaci a gona, inda aka bi da shi kamar bawa kuma kusan an kashe shi. Ya zama sananne lokacin da aka buga labarinsa, ya kara karfafawa ta hanyar shiga kurkuku da bayar da rahoto game da yanayinsa. Nxumalo ya yanke shawarar cewa makomarsa ita ce ta zama muckraker kuma, tare da taimakon mai daukar hoto na Jamus Jürgen Schadeberg (Gabriel Mann), ya shiga cikin bincike mai haɗari. Nxumalo akai-akai yana yaƙi da wariyar launin fata da wariyar jinsi wanda ke fara shiga cikin garinsu. Yana ƙoƙari ya magance labarun da ke da muhimmanci ga lafiyar al'ummarsa. Koyaya, bai dace da shirin fitar da mazauna ba kuma a ƙarshe ya lalata Sophiatown. Gwamnati ta ci gaba da damunsa, a ƙarshen fim ɗin an soke shi har ya mutu. Ba a taɓa gano mai kai farmaki ba. == Ƴan wasa == Dan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka Taye Diggs ya taka rawar gani na ɗan jarida mai bincike Henry Nxumalo, tare da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amirka Gabriel Mann a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto Jürgen Schadeberg, da Moshidi Motshegwa na Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin matarsa, Florence Nxumato . Marubucin gajeren labari na Afirka ta Kudu, Can Themba, wanda ya yi aiki tare da Nxumalo a mujallar ''Drum'', sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudancin, Tumisho Masha ne ya buga shi. Baya ga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya Jason Flemyng wanda ya ɗauki matsayin Jim Bailey, tsohon R. Jirgin saman A.F. wanda ya mallaki ''Drum'', sauran sassan 'yan wasan Afirka ta Kudu ne suka dauka, wanda aka fi sani da Zola (wanda aka ba da labari a matsayin Bonginkosi Dlamini) yana taka rawar Slim, shugaban ƙungiyar Sophiatown. Shahararrun mutanen da aka nuna a cikin fim din sun hada da [[Nelson Mandela]], wanda [[Lindani Nkosi]] ya buga; marubucin jazz Todd Matshikiza wanda Fezile Mpela ya buga; da marubucin Casey Motsisi wanda Thapelo Mokoena ya buga. Da kyau yana nuna kiɗa na rana, (Manhattan Brothers) sabon kayan aiki ne, wanda [[Miriam Makeba]] da Joe Mogotsi, Junior Manhattan Brothers daga Ladysmith, Kwa Zulu Natal suka amince da shi. == Fitarwa == ''Drum'' shine fim na farko na Zola Maseko. Da farko yana so ya ba da labarin Sophiatown a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin guda shida da ake kira ''Sophiatown Short Stories'' . Ba tare da nasara ba wajen shawo kan "Kamfanin Talabijin na Afirka ta Kudu" don bin irin wannan jerin, sai ya yanke shawarar canza matsakaici zuwa na fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dembrow |first=Michael |title=DRUM |url=http://spot.pcc.edu/~mdembrow/DRUM.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616013333/http://spot.pcc.edu/~mdembrow/DRUM.htm |archive-date=2010-06-16 |access-date=2008-11-16 |website=[[Portland Community College]]}}</ref> Ya sami kudadensa da yawa ta hanyar shawo kan Taye Diggs don cika rawar jagora. An nemi marubucin fim na Amurka Jason Filardi ya rubuta rubutun ta kamfanin samar da Armada kuma daga baya "ya fada cikin soyayya" tare da shirin ''Drum'''. A shirye-shiryen wannan aikin, ya karanta littattafai game da Nxumalo da tarihin Afirka ta Kudu, kuma ya zauna na wata daya a Johannesburg. Filardi ya ce aikinsa a kan fim din shine kwarewarsa mafi kyau tare da matsakaici. An fara yin fim ne a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2004 kuma ya dauki makonni shida. Terence Blanchard da Cédric Gradus Samson ne suka rubuta sauti. Yawancin sa shine jazz score, wanda aka kira "mai ƙarfi". Wannan alama ce ta kiɗa da ta shahara a lokacin fim din. == Saki == An fara buga ''Drum'' a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto a ranar 10 ga Satumba 2004. Shine fim din da ya jagoranci a cikin shirin Spotlight na bikin a Afirka ta Kudu. Bikin Fim na Sundance ya ɗauki fim ɗin, don farawarsa ta Amurka a watan Janairun 2005, kamar yadda Bikin Fim na Cannes ya yi a watan Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 Sundance Film Festival Announces Opening Night and Complete Program |url=http://www.elitestv.com/pub/2004/Nov/EEN41ad351817cae.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050623082658/http://www.elitestv.com/pub/2004/Nov/EEN41ad351817cae.html |archive-date=June 23, 2005 |access-date=2010-07-19 |website=Elites TV}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Yuni, an nuna Drum a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Boston a lokacin zamansa na farko. Fim din ya buɗe fim din 2005 Filmfest München a ranar 25 ga Yuni. Don aikinsa tare da ''Drum'', Maseko ya sami babban kyautar a FESPACO, Golden Stallion na Yennenga, ban da kyautar kuɗi na dala miliyan 10 (US $ 20,000) a bikin rufewa a watan Maris na shekara ta 2005. Shi ne na farko na Afirka ta Kudu da ya yi haka. Bugu da kari, Drum shine fim na biyu na harshen Ingilishi da ya lashe Golden Stallion a FESPACO, na farko shine [[Kwaw Ansah]]'s Heritage Africa a shekarar 1989. Fim din ya fara ne a Afirka ta Kudu a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Durban na 26 (DIFF) a ranar 17 ga watan Yulin 2005 inda ya lashe kyautar fina-fakka ta Afirka ta Kudu. An sake shi a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu 29 a ranar 22 ga Yuli. Abubuwan da suka faru don taimakawa wajen inganta fim din sun haɗa da rawa na [[toyi-toyi]] a wurare daban-daban na kasuwar Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma ma'aikatan samarwa da ke gudanar da gasa inda 'yan makaranta na Afirka ta Kudu za su bincika al'umma da ta ɓace kuma masu nasara za su sadu da' yan wasan kwaikwayo. A waje da bukukuwan fina-finai, fitowar farko a Amurka ta kasance a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Olde Mistick Village a garin Filardi na Mystic, Connecticut, a ranar 22 ga Disamba 2006. Duk da fitowar da aka yi a Turai, ''Drum'' bai samu daya a Amurka ba, galibi saboda gazawar samun masu rarrabawa. Maimakon haka, ya tafi kai tsaye zuwa DVD. == Karɓar baƙi == An fi saduwa da ''Drum'' tare da sake dubawa mai kyau. Shafin yanar gizon Rotten Tomatoes ya ba da rahoton cewa kashi 86% na masu sukar bakwai sun ba da fim din rubuce-rubuce masu kyau, ƙimar da ta ɗauka "Fresh".<ref> {{Cite web |title=Drum Movie Reviews, Pictures |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10005186-drum/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013110538/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10005186-drum/ |archive-date=2008-10-13 |access-date=2009-01-11 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}} </ref> Sura Wood ta Jaridar The Hollywood Reporter ta kira shi "fim mai wayo da motsa rai wanda ke cike da ainihin ma'anar lokaci da wuri." Joe Leydon na Variety ya maimaita ra'ayoyinta, wanda ya yi tunanin Drum "wani tunani mai zurfi da tasiri kan tsattsauran ra'ayi na siyasa a Johannesburg a shekarun 1950." A cewar Jeremy Matthews na Film Threat, Drum "wani aiki ne mai ƙarfi na labaran gargajiya." Ya lura cewa "abin takaici ne a cikin yadda yake nuna Johannesburg a lokacin da masu mulkinta suka shawo kan mutane da yawa cewa an haifi fararen fata don yin umarni kuma an haifi baƙar fata don yin biyayya da bauta." Mai sukar David Nussair ya ba fim din 3 daga cikin taurari 4 kuma ya yaba da Diggs a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa". 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo masu tallafawa sun kuma gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo "mai ƙarfi". Ya yi imanin cewa fim din wani abu ne kawai ba shi da amfani, kuma yana motsawa da sauri. Duk da yake rubutun ya kasance mai hangowa, jagorancin Maseko na "tsayawa" "ya tabbatar da matsayin Drum a cikin labarun rayuwa na gaskiya mafi kyau". ''Jamhuriyar Arizona'' ba ta yarda da batun farko na Nussair ba, ba ta tunanin Diggs ya yi kama da Afirka ta Kudu ba.[d] Ya kira fim din "mai kyau amma mai tsauri game da wariyar launin fata a cikin shekarun 1950". Shadows on the Wall's Rich Kline ya lura cewa labarin ya kasance "mai tilasta da buɗe ido" kuma ya yaba wa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "masu kyau" da kuma "sun himmatu ga samun gaskiya. " Ya burge shi da "ma'anar rayuwa da ban sha'awa na al'adun yankin" wanda ya mamaye fim din. Kline, wanda ya ba fim din 3 daga cikin taurari 5, ya fi damuwa da jagorancin fim din "mai banƙyama" da rubutun allo. Maseko ya ba da umarni tare da "makamashi da maganganu," kodayake "gwagwarmayarsa don kama wasan kwaikwayo na ɗan adam" ya haifar da ra'ayi cewa ''Drum'' "fim ne na talabijin mara kyau, tare da kusurwoyi na kyamara mara kyau, gyare-gyare mara kyau da rikodin sauti mara kyau. Filardi yana da laifi ne na tattaunawa wanda "ya sake maimaitawa tare da cliches, yayin da makirci ya sanya haruffa cikin yanayi da zai iya zama gaskiya, amma suna jin kamar fim ɗin".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kline |first=Rich |date=2004-10-31 |title=Shadows Arthouse Films 2004: Drum |url=http://www.shadowsonthewall.co.uk/04/art-s.htm#drum |access-date=2009-01-12 |website=Shadows on the Wall}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin bita mafi mahimmanci shine Francesca Dinglasan na Boxoffice Magazine . Dinglasan, wanda ya ba Drum 2.5 daga cikin taurari 5, bai yi sha'awar "ƙwarewar makirci ba don isar da labarin wani ɗan jarida mai bincike da ke ƙoƙarin fallasa rashin adalci na launin fata a cikin al'umma da ke zuwa ga sabon umarnin da aka gabatar na wariyar launin fata. " Ko da yake aikin Diggs yana "haɗi", a cewarta fim ɗin "ya dogara ne akan 'yan kaɗan da yawa da yawa da kuma abubuwan da za a iya hangowa. " == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8536nj5rr1mznfpuy96v0u0tj13557d 826886 826885 2026-04-27T05:44:49Z Gwanki 3834 826886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Drum''''' fim ne da aka yi a shekarar 2004 wanda ya dogara ne akan rayuwar ɗan jaridar bincike [[Afirka ta Kudu|na Afirka ta Kudu]] Henry Nxumalo, wanda ya yi aiki a mujallar ''Drum'', wanda aka kira "mujallar salon rayuwar baƙar fata ta farko a Afirka". Fim ɗin darakta Zola Maseko ne na farko kuma yana magana ne game da batutuwan wariyar launin fata da tilasta wa mazauna garin Sophiatown korar su daga ƙasar. Fim ɗin da farko an yi shi ne da shirye-shiryen talabijin guda shida mai suna ''Sophiatown Short Stories'', amma Maseko bai sami kuɗin ba. Jaruman Henry Nxumalo da babban mai ɗaukar hoto ''na Drum'' Jürgen Schadeberg ne suka taka rawar, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka Taye Diggs da Gabriel Mann, yayin da yawancin sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Afirka ta Kudu. Fim din ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto a watan Satumbar shekara ta 2004, kuma ya yi zagaye na bukukuwan fina-fakka na kasa da Kasa kafin a sake shi a Afirka ta Kudu a watan Yulin shekara ta 2006. An sake shi a Turai, amma ya kasa samun mai rarrabawa ga Amurka inda ya tafi kai tsaye zuwa DVD. Fim din ya sami karbuwa sosai. An ba shi kyautar Mafi Kyawun Fim na Afirka ta Kudu a [[Durban International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Durban]], kuma darektan Maseko ya sami babban kyautar a Bikin Finai da Talabijin na Panafrican na Ouagadougou (FESPACO). == Labari == Labarin ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da suka faru na ainihi da mutane na ainihi kuma an kafa shi ne a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 na Sophiatown, [[Johannesburg]] - ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan yankuna a Afirka ta Kudu inda baƙi za su iya mallakar dukiya da shan abin sha mai barasa. ''''Drum''''' ya fara ne da babban hali, marubucin wasanni Henry Nxumalo, yana ba da rahoto game da wasan dambe tare da [[Nelson Mandela]]. Nxumalo ya bar matarsa Florence a gida yayin da yake fita cikin rayuwar dare ta al'ummarsa kuma yana da alaƙa da mawaƙa mace. Yana aiki ga mujallar ''Drum'', wacce ita ce "mujallar rayuwar baki ta farko a Afirka". Farin fata ne suka ba da kuɗin mujallar kuma tana da ma'aikatan launin fata; ta shahara a tsakanin baƙar fata. Editan Burtaniya na Drum, Jim Bailey (Jason Flemyng), ya nemi Nxumalo ya rubuta a kan wurin aikata laifuka na gari, kuma Nxumalu, yayin da da da farko bai so ba, a ƙarshe ya yarda. Yayinda yake kan aikin, ya sadu da Slim (Zola), shugaban ƙungiyar, wanda ya taɓa saduwa da shi a Wuraren shan giya ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma ya shaida shi ya kashe wani mutum a Sophiatown. Da farko Nxumalo ya nisanta kansa daga labaran siyasa, amma a ƙarshe ya rubuta game da fiye da nishaɗi bayan matarsa da Mandela sun ƙarfafa shi. Lokacin da wani saurayi ya ɓace a gonar Boer kuma ana tsoron ya zama bawa, Nxumalo ya yanke shawarar yin bincike a ɓoye. Ya sami aiki a matsayin ma'aikaci a gona, inda aka bi da shi kamar bawa kuma kusan an kashe shi. Ya zama sananne lokacin da aka buga labarinsa, ya kara karfafawa ta hanyar shiga kurkuku da bayar da rahoto game da yanayinsa. Nxumalo ya yanke shawarar cewa makomarsa ita ce ta zama muckraker kuma, tare da taimakon mai daukar hoto na Jamus Jürgen Schadeberg (Gabriel Mann), ya shiga cikin bincike mai haɗari. Nxumalo akai-akai yana yaƙi da wariyar launin fata da wariyar jinsi wanda ke fara shiga cikin garinsu. Yana ƙoƙari ya magance labarun da ke da muhimmanci ga lafiyar al'ummarsa. Koyaya, bai dace da shirin fitar da mazauna ba kuma a ƙarshe ya lalata Sophiatown. Gwamnati ta ci gaba da damunsa, a ƙarshen fim ɗin an soke shi har ya mutu. Ba a taɓa gano mai kai farmaki ba. == Ƴan wasa == Dan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka Taye Diggs ya taka rawar gani na ɗan jarida mai bincike Henry Nxumalo, tare da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amirka Gabriel Mann a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto Jürgen Schadeberg, da Moshidi Motshegwa na Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin matarsa, Florence Nxumato . Marubucin gajeren labari na Afirka ta Kudu, Can Themba, wanda ya yi aiki tare da Nxumalo a mujallar ''Drum'', sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudancin, Tumisho Masha ne ya buga shi. Baya ga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya Jason Flemyng wanda ya ɗauki matsayin Jim Bailey, tsohon R. Jirgin saman A.F. wanda ya mallaki ''Drum'', sauran sassan 'yan wasan Afirka ta Kudu ne suka dauka, wanda aka fi sani da Zola (wanda aka ba da labari a matsayin Bonginkosi Dlamini) yana taka rawar Slim, shugaban ƙungiyar Sophiatown. Shahararrun mutanen da aka nuna a cikin fim din sun hada da [[Nelson Mandela]], wanda [[Lindani Nkosi]] ya buga; marubucin jazz Todd Matshikiza wanda Fezile Mpela ya buga; da marubucin Casey Motsisi wanda Thapelo Mokoena ya buga. Da kyau yana nuna kiɗa na rana, (Manhattan Brothers) sabon kayan aiki ne, wanda [[Miriam Makeba]] da Joe Mogotsi, Junior Manhattan Brothers daga Ladysmith, Kwa Zulu Natal suka amince da shi. == Fitarwa == ''Drum'' shine fim na farko na Zola Maseko. Da farko yana so ya ba da labarin Sophiatown a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin guda shida da ake kira ''Sophiatown Short Stories'' . Ba tare da nasara ba wajen shawo kan "Kamfanin Talabijin na Afirka ta Kudu" don bin irin wannan jerin, sai ya yanke shawarar canza matsakaici zuwa na fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dembrow |first=Michael |title=DRUM |url=http://spot.pcc.edu/~mdembrow/DRUM.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616013333/http://spot.pcc.edu/~mdembrow/DRUM.htm |archive-date=2010-06-16 |access-date=2008-11-16 |website=[[Portland Community College]]}}</ref> Ya sami kudadensa da yawa ta hanyar shawo kan Taye Diggs don cika rawar jagora. An nemi marubucin fim na Amurka Jason Filardi ya rubuta rubutun ta kamfanin samar da Armada kuma daga baya "ya fada cikin soyayya" tare da shirin ''Drum'''. A shirye-shiryen wannan aikin, ya karanta littattafai game da Nxumalo da tarihin Afirka ta Kudu, kuma ya zauna na wata daya a Johannesburg. Filardi ya ce aikinsa a kan fim din shine kwarewarsa mafi kyau tare da matsakaici. An fara yin fim ne a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2004 kuma ya dauki makonni shida. Terence Blanchard da Cédric Gradus Samson ne suka rubuta sauti. Yawancin sa shine jazz score, wanda aka kira "mai ƙarfi". Wannan alama ce ta kiɗa da ta shahara a lokacin fim din. == Saki == An fara buga ''Drum'' a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto a ranar 10 ga Satumba 2004. Shine fim din da ya jagoranci a cikin shirin Spotlight na bikin a Afirka ta Kudu. Bikin Fim na Sundance ya ɗauki fim ɗin, don farawarsa ta Amurka a watan Janairun 2005, kamar yadda Bikin Fim na Cannes ya yi a watan Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 Sundance Film Festival Announces Opening Night and Complete Program |url=http://www.elitestv.com/pub/2004/Nov/EEN41ad351817cae.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050623082658/http://www.elitestv.com/pub/2004/Nov/EEN41ad351817cae.html |archive-date=June 23, 2005 |access-date=2010-07-19 |website=Elites TV}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Yuni, an nuna Drum a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Boston a lokacin zamansa na farko. Fim din ya buɗe fim din 2005 Filmfest München a ranar 25 ga Yuni. Don aikinsa tare da ''Drum'', Maseko ya sami babban kyautar a FESPACO, Golden Stallion na Yennenga, ban da kyautar kuɗi na dala miliyan 10 (US $ 20,000) a bikin rufewa a watan Maris na shekara ta 2005. Shi ne na farko na Afirka ta Kudu da ya yi haka. Bugu da kari, Drum shine fim na biyu na harshen Ingilishi da ya lashe Golden Stallion a FESPACO, na farko shine [[Kwaw Ansah]]'s Heritage Africa a shekarar 1989. Fim din ya fara ne a Afirka ta Kudu a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Durban na 26 (DIFF) a ranar 17 ga watan Yulin 2005 inda ya lashe kyautar fina-fakka ta Afirka ta Kudu. An sake shi a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu 29 a ranar 22 ga Yuli. Abubuwan da suka faru don taimakawa wajen inganta fim din sun haɗa da rawa na [[toyi-toyi]] a wurare daban-daban na kasuwar Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma ma'aikatan samarwa da ke gudanar da gasa inda 'yan makaranta na Afirka ta Kudu za su bincika al'umma da ta ɓace kuma masu nasara za su sadu da' yan wasan kwaikwayo. A waje da bukukuwan fina-finai, fitowar farko a Amurka ta kasance a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Olde Mistick Village a garin Filardi na Mystic, Connecticut, a ranar 22 ga Disamba 2006. Duk da fitowar da aka yi a Turai, ''Drum'' bai samu daya a Amurka ba, galibi saboda gazawar samun masu rarrabawa. Maimakon haka, ya tafi kai tsaye zuwa DVD. == Karɓar baƙi == An fi saduwa da ''Drum'' tare da sake dubawa mai kyau. Shafin yanar gizon Rotten Tomatoes ya ba da rahoton cewa kashi 86% na masu sukar bakwai sun ba da fim din rubuce-rubuce masu kyau, ƙimar da ta ɗauka "Fresh".<ref> {{Cite web |title=Drum Movie Reviews, Pictures |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10005186-drum/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013110538/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10005186-drum/ |archive-date=2008-10-13 |access-date=2009-01-11 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}} </ref> Sura Wood ta Jaridar The Hollywood Reporter ta kira shi "fim mai wayo da motsa rai wanda ke cike da ainihin ma'anar lokaci da wuri." Joe Leydon na Variety ya maimaita ra'ayoyinta, wanda ya yi tunanin Drum "wani tunani mai zurfi da tasiri kan tsattsauran ra'ayi na siyasa a Johannesburg a shekarun 1950." A cewar Jeremy Matthews na Film Threat, Drum "wani aiki ne mai ƙarfi na labaran gargajiya." Ya lura cewa "abin takaici ne a cikin yadda yake nuna Johannesburg a lokacin da masu mulkinta suka shawo kan mutane da yawa cewa an haifi fararen fata don yin umarni kuma an haifi baƙar fata don yin biyayya da bauta." Mai sukar David Nussair ya ba fim din 3 daga cikin taurari 4 kuma ya yaba da Diggs a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa". 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo masu tallafawa sun kuma gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo "mai ƙarfi". Ya yi imanin cewa fim din wani abu ne kawai ba shi da amfani, kuma yana motsawa da sauri. Duk da yake rubutun ya kasance mai hangowa, jagorancin Maseko na "tsayawa" "ya tabbatar da matsayin Drum a cikin labarun rayuwa na gaskiya mafi kyau". ''Jamhuriyar Arizona'' ba ta yarda da batun farko na Nussair ba, ba ta tunanin Diggs ya yi kama da Afirka ta Kudu ba.[d] Ya kira fim din "mai kyau amma mai tsauri game da wariyar launin fata a cikin shekarun 1950". Shadows on the Wall's Rich Kline ya lura cewa labarin ya kasance "mai tilasta da buɗe ido" kuma ya yaba wa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "masu kyau" da kuma "sun himmatu ga samun gaskiya. " Ya burge shi da "ma'anar rayuwa da ban sha'awa na al'adun yankin" wanda ya mamaye fim din. Kline, wanda ya ba fim din 3 daga cikin taurari 5, ya fi damuwa da jagorancin fim din "mai banƙyama" da rubutun allo. Maseko ya ba da umarni tare da "makamashi da maganganu," kodayake "gwagwarmayarsa don kama wasan kwaikwayo na ɗan adam" ya haifar da ra'ayi cewa ''Drum'' "fim ne na talabijin mara kyau, tare da kusurwoyi na kyamara mara kyau, gyare-gyare mara kyau da rikodin sauti mara kyau. Filardi yana da laifi ne na tattaunawa wanda "ya sake maimaitawa tare da cliches, yayin da makirci ya sanya haruffa cikin yanayi da zai iya zama gaskiya, amma suna jin kamar fim ɗin".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kline |first=Rich |date=2004-10-31 |title=Shadows Arthouse Films 2004: Drum |url=http://www.shadowsonthewall.co.uk/04/art-s.htm#drum |access-date=2009-01-12 |website=Shadows on the Wall}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin bita mafi mahimmanci shine Francesca Dinglasan na Boxoffice Magazine . Dinglasan, wanda ya ba Drum 2.5 daga cikin taurari 5, bai yi sha'awar "ƙwarewar makirci ba don isar da labarin wani ɗan jarida mai bincike da ke ƙoƙarin fallasa rashin adalci na launin fata a cikin al'umma da ke zuwa ga sabon umarnin da aka gabatar na wariyar launin fata. " Ko da yake aikin Diggs yana "haɗi", a cewarta fim ɗin "ya dogara ne akan 'yan kaɗan da yawa da yawa da kuma abubuwan da za a iya hangowa. " == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p5b2a1d8p6i3kk7umn14fqroa4gixqs 0 148616 826993 2026-04-27T11:01:02Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340890859|1920 NC State Aggies football team]]" 826993 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Jihar North Carolina ta 1920 ta kasance ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka]] da ke wakiltar Jami'ar Jihar North North Carolina a Kudancin Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SAIAA) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1920. A kakar wasa ta biyu a karkashin kocin Bill Fetzer, kungiyar ta tara rikodin 7-3. == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 25 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1920 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = [[Riddick Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] | score = 23–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news |title=State's eleven beat Davidson|date=September 26, 1920|newspaper=The Charlotte News|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108847455/states-eleven-beat-davidson/|accessdate=September 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 2 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Navy Midshipmen football team|Navy]] | site_stadium = [[Worden Field]] | site_cityst = [[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis, MD]] | score = 14–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-navy-defeated-by-tar-hee/150728415/|work=New York Herald|title=Navy defeated by Tar Heel eleven|date=October 3, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 9 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Georgetown Blue and Gray football team|Georgetown]] | site_stadium = [[Griffith Stadium|American League Park]] | site_cityst = [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] | score = 0–27 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-roanoke-times-georgetown-gets-best-o/150728558/|work=The Roanoke Times|title=Georgetown gets best of N.C. State|date=October 10, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-washington-post-gu-defeats-tarheel/189827378/|work=The Washington Post|title=G.U. defeats Tarheels|date=October 10, 1920|accessdate=January 25, 2026|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Penn State Nittany Lions football team|Penn State]] | site_stadium = [[New Beaver Field]] | site_cityst = [[University Park, Pennsylvania|University Park, PA]] | score = 0–41 | attend = 3,500 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-press-carolinans-no-match/150728698/|work=The Pittsburgh Press|title=Carolinans no match for Penn State|date=October 17, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 21 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1920 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]] | site_stadium = Riddick Stadium | site_cityst = Raleigh, NC | gamename = [[North Carolina–NC State football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 13–3 | attend = 8,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-north-carolina-state/150728850/|work=The Atlanta Journal|title=North Carolina Staters defeat University, 13–3|date=October 22, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 30 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1920 VMI Keydets football team|VMI]] | site_stadium = VMI Parade Ground | site_cityst = [[Lexington, Virginia|Lexington, VA]] | score = 0–14 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-advance-flying-cadets-defea/150729079/|work=The Lynchburg News|title=Flying Cadets defeat State|date=October 31, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 6 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1920 William & Mary Indians football team|William & Mary]] | site_stadium = Riddick Stadium | site_cityst = Raleigh, NC | score = 81–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-state-overwhelms-w/150729334/|work=The News and Observer|title=State overwhelms William and Mary|date=November 7, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 11 | time = 3:00 p.m. | w/l = w | neutral = y | opponent = [[1920 VPI Gobblers football team|VPI]] | site_stadium = League Park | site_cityst = [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk, VA]] | score = 14–6 | attend = 5,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news |title=Virginia Tech Succumbs Before Tarheel Attack|url=http://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RTD19201112.1.10&e=------192-en-20--1-byDA.rev-txt-txIN-foot+ball----1920--#|publisher=Library of Virginia|newspaper=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]]|date=November 12, 1920|page=10|access-date=December 14, 2015}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 20 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = {{cfb link|year=1920|team=Wofford Terriers|title=Wofford}} | site_stadium = Riddick Stadium | site_cityst = Raleigh, NC | score = 90–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-news-staters-bested-woffor/150729469/|work=The Charlotte News|title=Staters bested Wofford eleven in easy fashion|date=November 21, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 25 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Wake Forest Baptists football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = | site_cityst = [[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]] | gamename = [[NC State–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 49–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|title=State College Runs Away From Ancient Rivals By Score 49-7|newspaper=The News and Observer|date=November 26, 1920|page=9|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36881181/state_college_runs_away_from_ancient/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}}}Manazarta<ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=2016 NC State Football Media Guide |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/sidearm.sites/gopack.com/documents/2016/7/25/2016MediaGuide_InsidePages.pdf |access-date=April 14, 2020 |publisher=North Carolina State University |pages=123, 129}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1920 Football Schedule |url=https://gopack.com/sports/football/schedule/1920 |access-date=April 14, 2020 |publisher=North Carolina State University}}</ref>{{Reflist}} s6q6e4uapcyq4e95lp0v3aihath8p5e 826994 826993 2026-04-27T11:01:25Z Aluja 30485 826994 wikitext text/x-wiki Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Jihar North Carolina ta 1920 ta kasance ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka]] da ke wakiltar Jami'ar Jihar North North Carolina a Kudancin Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SAIAA) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1920. A kakar wasa ta biyu a karkashin kocin Bill Fetzer, kungiyar ta tara rikodin 7-3. == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 25 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1920 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = [[Riddick Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] | score = 23–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news |title=State's eleven beat Davidson|date=September 26, 1920|newspaper=The Charlotte News|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108847455/states-eleven-beat-davidson/|accessdate=September 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 2 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Navy Midshipmen football team|Navy]] | site_stadium = [[Worden Field]] | site_cityst = [[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis, MD]] | score = 14–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-navy-defeated-by-tar-hee/150728415/|work=New York Herald|title=Navy defeated by Tar Heel eleven|date=October 3, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 9 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Georgetown Blue and Gray football team|Georgetown]] | site_stadium = [[Griffith Stadium|American League Park]] | site_cityst = [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] | score = 0–27 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-roanoke-times-georgetown-gets-best-o/150728558/|work=The Roanoke Times|title=Georgetown gets best of N.C. State|date=October 10, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-washington-post-gu-defeats-tarheel/189827378/|work=The Washington Post|title=G.U. defeats Tarheels|date=October 10, 1920|accessdate=January 25, 2026|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Penn State Nittany Lions football team|Penn State]] | site_stadium = [[New Beaver Field]] | site_cityst = [[University Park, Pennsylvania|University Park, PA]] | score = 0–41 | attend = 3,500 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-press-carolinans-no-match/150728698/|work=The Pittsburgh Press|title=Carolinans no match for Penn State|date=October 17, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 21 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1920 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]] | site_stadium = Riddick Stadium | site_cityst = Raleigh, NC | gamename = [[North Carolina–NC State football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 13–3 | attend = 8,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-north-carolina-state/150728850/|work=The Atlanta Journal|title=North Carolina Staters defeat University, 13–3|date=October 22, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 30 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1920 VMI Keydets football team|VMI]] | site_stadium = VMI Parade Ground | site_cityst = [[Lexington, Virginia|Lexington, VA]] | score = 0–14 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-advance-flying-cadets-defea/150729079/|work=The Lynchburg News|title=Flying Cadets defeat State|date=October 31, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 6 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1920 William & Mary Indians football team|William & Mary]] | site_stadium = Riddick Stadium | site_cityst = Raleigh, NC | score = 81–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-state-overwhelms-w/150729334/|work=The News and Observer|title=State overwhelms William and Mary|date=November 7, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 11 | time = 3:00 p.m. | w/l = w | neutral = y | opponent = [[1920 VPI Gobblers football team|VPI]] | site_stadium = League Park | site_cityst = [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk, VA]] | score = 14–6 | attend = 5,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news |title=Virginia Tech Succumbs Before Tarheel Attack|url=http://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RTD19201112.1.10&e=------192-en-20--1-byDA.rev-txt-txIN-foot+ball----1920--#|publisher=Library of Virginia|newspaper=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]]|date=November 12, 1920|page=10|access-date=December 14, 2015}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 20 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = {{cfb link|year=1920|team=Wofford Terriers|title=Wofford}} | site_stadium = Riddick Stadium | site_cityst = Raleigh, NC | score = 90–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-news-staters-bested-woffor/150729469/|work=The Charlotte News|title=Staters bested Wofford eleven in easy fashion|date=November 21, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 25 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Wake Forest Baptists football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = | site_cityst = [[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]] | gamename = [[NC State–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 49–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|title=State College Runs Away From Ancient Rivals By Score 49-7|newspaper=The News and Observer|date=November 26, 1920|page=9|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36881181/state_college_runs_away_from_ancient/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}}}Manazarta<ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=2016 NC State Football Media Guide |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/sidearm.sites/gopack.com/documents/2016/7/25/2016MediaGuide_InsidePages.pdf |access-date=April 14, 2020 |publisher=North Carolina State University |pages=123, 129}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1920 Football Schedule |url=https://gopack.com/sports/football/schedule/1920 |access-date=April 14, 2020 |publisher=North Carolina State University}}</ref>{{Reflist}} dsafgut6gvwvrs3yve1a518sus2x21a 826995 826994 2026-04-27T11:02:54Z Aluja 30485 /* Shiri */ 826995 wikitext text/x-wiki Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Jihar North Carolina ta 1920 ta kasance ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka]] da ke wakiltar Jami'ar Jihar North North Carolina a Kudancin Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SAIAA) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1920. A kakar wasa ta biyu a karkashin kocin Bill Fetzer, kungiyar ta tara rikodin 7-3. ==Shiri== {{CFB schedule |{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 25 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1920 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = [[Riddick Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] | score = 23–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news |title=State's eleven beat Davidson|date=September 26, 1920|newspaper=The Charlotte News|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108847455/states-eleven-beat-davidson/|accessdate=September 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 2 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Navy Midshipmen football team|Navy]] | site_stadium = [[Worden Field]] | site_cityst = [[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis, MD]] | score = 14–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-navy-defeated-by-tar-hee/150728415/|work=New York Herald|title=Navy defeated by Tar Heel eleven|date=October 3, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 9 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Georgetown Blue and Gray football team|Georgetown]] | site_stadium = [[Griffith Stadium|American League Park]] | site_cityst = [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] | score = 0–27 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-roanoke-times-georgetown-gets-best-o/150728558/|work=The Roanoke Times|title=Georgetown gets best of N.C. State|date=October 10, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-washington-post-gu-defeats-tarheel/189827378/|work=The Washington Post|title=G.U. defeats Tarheels|date=October 10, 1920|accessdate=January 25, 2026|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Penn State Nittany Lions football team|Penn State]] | site_stadium = [[New Beaver Field]] | site_cityst = [[University Park, Pennsylvania|University Park, PA]] | score = 0–41 | attend = 3,500 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-press-carolinans-no-match/150728698/|work=The Pittsburgh Press|title=Carolinans no match for Penn State|date=October 17, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 21 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1920 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]] | site_stadium = Riddick Stadium | site_cityst = Raleigh, NC | gamename = [[North Carolina–NC State football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 13–3 | attend = 8,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-north-carolina-state/150728850/|work=The Atlanta Journal|title=North Carolina Staters defeat University, 13–3|date=October 22, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 30 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1920 VMI Keydets football team|VMI]] | site_stadium = VMI Parade Ground | site_cityst = [[Lexington, Virginia|Lexington, VA]] | score = 0–14 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-advance-flying-cadets-defea/150729079/|work=The Lynchburg News|title=Flying Cadets defeat State|date=October 31, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 6 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1920 William & Mary Indians football team|William & Mary]] | site_stadium = Riddick Stadium | site_cityst = Raleigh, NC | score = 81–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-state-overwhelms-w/150729334/|work=The News and Observer|title=State overwhelms William and Mary|date=November 7, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 11 | time = 3:00 p.m. | w/l = w | neutral = y | opponent = [[1920 VPI Gobblers football team|VPI]] | site_stadium = League Park | site_cityst = [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk, VA]] | score = 14–6 | attend = 5,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news |title=Virginia Tech Succumbs Before Tarheel Attack|url=http://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RTD19201112.1.10&e=------192-en-20--1-byDA.rev-txt-txIN-foot+ball----1920--#|publisher=Library of Virginia|newspaper=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]]|date=November 12, 1920|page=10|access-date=December 14, 2015}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 20 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = {{cfb link|year=1920|team=Wofford Terriers|title=Wofford}} | site_stadium = Riddick Stadium | site_cityst = Raleigh, NC | score = 90–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-news-staters-bested-woffor/150729469/|work=The Charlotte News|title=Staters bested Wofford eleven in easy fashion|date=November 21, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 25 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Wake Forest Baptists football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = | site_cityst = [[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]] | gamename = [[NC State–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 49–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|title=State College Runs Away From Ancient Rivals By Score 49-7|newspaper=The News and Observer|date=November 26, 1920|page=9|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36881181/state_college_runs_away_from_ancient/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} }} <ref>{{cite web|title=2016 NC State Football Media Guide|publisher=North Carolina State University|access-date=April 14, 2020|year=2016|pages=123, 129|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/sidearm.sites/gopack.com/documents/2016/7/25/2016MediaGuide_InsidePages.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=1920 Football Schedule|publisher=North Carolina State University|access-date=April 14, 2020|url=https://gopack.com/sports/football/schedule/1920}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=1920 North Carolina State Wolfpack Schedule and Results|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|work=SR/College Football|accessdate=July 5, 2024|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina-state/1920-schedule.html}}</ref> 4aaj40unsj7ltwyf91s2luwxarycop8 826996 826995 2026-04-27T11:03:46Z Aluja 30485 826996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Jihar North Carolina ta 1920 ta kasance ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka]] da ke wakiltar Jami'ar Jihar North North Carolina a Kudancin Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SAIAA) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1920. A kakar wasa ta biyu a karkashin kocin Bill Fetzer, kungiyar ta tara rikodin 7-3. ==Shiri== {{CFB schedule |{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 25 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1920 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = [[Riddick Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] | score = 23–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news |title=State's eleven beat Davidson|date=September 26, 1920|newspaper=The Charlotte News|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108847455/states-eleven-beat-davidson/|accessdate=September 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 2 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Navy Midshipmen football team|Navy]] | site_stadium = [[Worden Field]] | site_cityst = [[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis, MD]] | score = 14–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-navy-defeated-by-tar-hee/150728415/|work=New York Herald|title=Navy defeated by Tar Heel eleven|date=October 3, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 9 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Georgetown Blue and Gray football team|Georgetown]] | site_stadium = [[Griffith Stadium|American League Park]] | site_cityst = [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] | score = 0–27 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-roanoke-times-georgetown-gets-best-o/150728558/|work=The Roanoke Times|title=Georgetown gets best of N.C. State|date=October 10, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-washington-post-gu-defeats-tarheel/189827378/|work=The Washington Post|title=G.U. defeats Tarheels|date=October 10, 1920|accessdate=January 25, 2026|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Penn State Nittany Lions football team|Penn State]] | site_stadium = [[New Beaver Field]] | site_cityst = [[University Park, Pennsylvania|University Park, PA]] | score = 0–41 | attend = 3,500 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-press-carolinans-no-match/150728698/|work=The Pittsburgh Press|title=Carolinans no match for Penn State|date=October 17, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 21 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1920 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]] | site_stadium = Riddick Stadium | site_cityst = Raleigh, NC | gamename = [[North Carolina–NC State football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 13–3 | attend = 8,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-north-carolina-state/150728850/|work=The Atlanta Journal|title=North Carolina Staters defeat University, 13–3|date=October 22, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 30 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1920 VMI Keydets football team|VMI]] | site_stadium = VMI Parade Ground | site_cityst = [[Lexington, Virginia|Lexington, VA]] | score = 0–14 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-advance-flying-cadets-defea/150729079/|work=The Lynchburg News|title=Flying Cadets defeat State|date=October 31, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 6 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1920 William & Mary Indians football team|William & Mary]] | site_stadium = Riddick Stadium | site_cityst = Raleigh, NC | score = 81–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-state-overwhelms-w/150729334/|work=The News and Observer|title=State overwhelms William and Mary|date=November 7, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 11 | time = 3:00 p.m. | w/l = w | neutral = y | opponent = [[1920 VPI Gobblers football team|VPI]] | site_stadium = League Park | site_cityst = [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk, VA]] | score = 14–6 | attend = 5,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news |title=Virginia Tech Succumbs Before Tarheel Attack|url=http://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RTD19201112.1.10&e=------192-en-20--1-byDA.rev-txt-txIN-foot+ball----1920--#|publisher=Library of Virginia|newspaper=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]]|date=November 12, 1920|page=10|access-date=December 14, 2015}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 20 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = {{cfb link|year=1920|team=Wofford Terriers|title=Wofford}} | site_stadium = Riddick Stadium | site_cityst = Raleigh, NC | score = 90–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-news-staters-bested-woffor/150729469/|work=The Charlotte News|title=Staters bested Wofford eleven in easy fashion|date=November 21, 1920|accessdate=July 5, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 25 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1920 Wake Forest Baptists football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = | site_cityst = [[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]] | gamename = [[NC State–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 49–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|title=State College Runs Away From Ancient Rivals By Score 49-7|newspaper=The News and Observer|date=November 26, 1920|page=9|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36881181/state_college_runs_away_from_ancient/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} }} <ref>{{cite web|title=2016 NC State Football Media Guide|publisher=North Carolina State University|access-date=April 14, 2020|year=2016|pages=123, 129|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/sidearm.sites/gopack.com/documents/2016/7/25/2016MediaGuide_InsidePages.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=1920 Football Schedule|publisher=North Carolina State University|access-date=April 14, 2020|url=https://gopack.com/sports/football/schedule/1920}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=1920 North Carolina State Wolfpack Schedule and Results|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|work=SR/College Football|accessdate=July 5, 2024|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina-state/1920-schedule.html}}</ref> maxcpb7fnpk7tis4egqkt7wkbmk8387 0 148617 826998 2026-04-27T11:09:41Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350060482|Madden Williams]]" 826998 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da Madden Williams''' dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Texas A & M Aggies . == Rayuwa ta Farko == Williams ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta St. John Bosco a California inda ya kasance mai farawa na shekaru uku a kan varsity da kuma fita a cikin ƙungiyar kwando. A watan Yunin 2025, [[Adidas]] ta sanya hannu kan Williams zuwa daya daga cikin kamfanonin farko na makarantar sakandare na NIL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciano |first=Sydney |date=Jun 27, 2025 |title=Texas A&M Football Commit Madden Williams Signs Early NIL Endorsement Deal |url=https://athlonsports.com/college/texas-am-aggies/commit-madden-williams-signs-early-nil-endorsement-deal-adidas |website=Athlon Sports}}</ref> A lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare ya tara 133 receptions for 2157 yadudduka da 28 touchdowns.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="61" href="./MaxPreps" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="MaxPreps">MaxPreps.com/ca/bellflower/st-john-bosco-braves/athletes/madden-williams/football/stats/?careerid=hib75f7h73maa<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;website<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;MaxPreps.com<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;18 November 2025<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwYA\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt11\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwYQ\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.maxpreps.com/ca/bellflower/st-john-bosco-braves/athletes/madden-williams/football/stats/?careerid=hib75f7h73maa\" id=\"mwYg\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Madden Williams' St John Bosco football stats\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwYw\">MaxPreps.com</i></nowiki>. 18 November 2025.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-3" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Madden_Williams#cite_note-3 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Ya kasance sau uku All-Trinity league, All-CIF da All-State selection. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=John W. |date=September 10, 2025 |title=Notebook: St. John Bosco senior Madden Williams leads receivers to watch |url=https://www.presstelegram.com/2025/09/10/notebook-st-john-bosco-senior-madden-williams-leads-receivers-to-watch/ |website=Long Beach Press-Telegram}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madden Williams 2026 National Signing Day |url=https://12thman.com/sports/football/roster/madden-williams/15398 |website=12thman.com}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, an sanya masa suna zuwa ƙungiyar MaxPreps All-American a duka lokutan ƙarami da manyan lokutan sa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poff |first=Zack |date=January 7, 2025 |title=2024 MaxPreps High School Football Junior All-America Team |url=https://www.maxpreps.com/news/et4KZqkz1U-IPjT4gkcj7A/2024-maxpreps-high-school-football-junior-all-america-team.htm |website=MaxPreps.com}}</ref> Tare da karɓar girmamawar Rivals All-American.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohnysty |first=Cameron |date=August 12, 2025 |title=2026 4-star WR and Texas A&M commit named to Rivals 2026 All-America team |url=https://aggieswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/college/aggies/recruiting/2025/08/12/madden-williams-texas-aggies-2026-recruiting-class-rivals-2026-high-school-all-americans/85624988007/ |website=USA Today-Aggies Wire}}</ref> A ƙarshen babban lokacinsa a shekarar 2025 an ba shi suna Jihar California WR na Shekara kuma an zaba shi don yin wasa a cikin kwano na Navy All-American . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis |first=Mark |date=February 6, 2026 |title=All-State FB 2025: 1st Team Offense |url=https://www.calhisports.com/2026/02/06/all-state-fb-2025-1st-team-offense/ |website=CalHiSports.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 22, 2025 |title=Texas A&M Commit Madden Williams Honored as a 2026 Navy All-American |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/college-football/navy-all-american-bowl/news/texas-a-m-commit-madden-williams-honored-as-a-2026-navy-all-american |website=NBCsports.com}}</ref> Wani dan wasa mai taurari huɗu, Williams ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Texas A & M Aggies akan tayin daga makarantu kamar Ohio State, Oregon, Penn State da USC. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hastings |first=Joseph |date=October 21, 2025 |title=Texas A&M WR commit Madden Williams remains locked in |url=https://247sports.com/college/texas-am/article/texas-am-aggies-wr-commit-madden-williams-remains-locked-in-i-know-that-theres-no-other-place-that-i-want-to-be-257963221/ |website=GigEm247}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohnysty |first=Cameron |date=December 28, 2024 |title=Texas A&M has landed a commitment from 2026 4-star WR out of Bellflower (CA) |url=https://aggieswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/college/aggies/recruiting/2024/12/28/texas-aggies-football-2026-4-star-wr-madden-williams-committed-texas-aggies-recruiting/77293851007/ |website=USA Today-Aggies Wire}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://12thman.com/sports/football/roster/madden-williams/15398 Texas A&M Aggies bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 46dgemfti43iwcdr1t12nsatekw0rc5 826999 826998 2026-04-27T11:10:48Z Aluja 30485 826999 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Madden Williams''' dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Texas A & M Aggies . == Rayuwa ta Farko == Williams ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta St. John Bosco a California inda ya kasance mai farawa na shekaru uku a kan varsity da kuma fita a cikin ƙungiyar kwando. A watan Yunin 2025, [[Adidas]] ta sanya hannu kan Williams zuwa daya daga cikin kamfanonin farko na makarantar sakandare na NIL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciano |first=Sydney |date=Jun 27, 2025 |title=Texas A&M Football Commit Madden Williams Signs Early NIL Endorsement Deal |url=https://athlonsports.com/college/texas-am-aggies/commit-madden-williams-signs-early-nil-endorsement-deal-adidas |website=Athlon Sports}}</ref> A lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare ya tara 133 receptions for 2157 yadudduka da 28 touchdowns.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="61" href="./MaxPreps" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="MaxPreps">MaxPreps.com/ca/bellflower/st-john-bosco-braves/athletes/madden-williams/football/stats/?careerid=hib75f7h73maa<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;website<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;MaxPreps.com<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;18 November 2025<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwYA\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt11\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwYQ\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.maxpreps.com/ca/bellflower/st-john-bosco-braves/athletes/madden-williams/football/stats/?careerid=hib75f7h73maa\" id=\"mwYg\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Madden Williams' St John Bosco football stats\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwYw\">MaxPreps.com</i></nowiki>. 18 November 2025.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-3" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Madden_Williams#cite_note-3 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Ya kasance sau uku All-Trinity league, All-CIF da All-State selection. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=John W. |date=September 10, 2025 |title=Notebook: St. John Bosco senior Madden Williams leads receivers to watch |url=https://www.presstelegram.com/2025/09/10/notebook-st-john-bosco-senior-madden-williams-leads-receivers-to-watch/ |website=Long Beach Press-Telegram}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madden Williams 2026 National Signing Day |url=https://12thman.com/sports/football/roster/madden-williams/15398 |website=12thman.com}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, an sanya masa suna zuwa ƙungiyar MaxPreps All-American a duka lokutan ƙarami da manyan lokutan sa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poff |first=Zack |date=January 7, 2025 |title=2024 MaxPreps High School Football Junior All-America Team |url=https://www.maxpreps.com/news/et4KZqkz1U-IPjT4gkcj7A/2024-maxpreps-high-school-football-junior-all-america-team.htm |website=MaxPreps.com}}</ref> Tare da karɓar girmamawar Rivals All-American.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohnysty |first=Cameron |date=August 12, 2025 |title=2026 4-star WR and Texas A&M commit named to Rivals 2026 All-America team |url=https://aggieswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/college/aggies/recruiting/2025/08/12/madden-williams-texas-aggies-2026-recruiting-class-rivals-2026-high-school-all-americans/85624988007/ |website=USA Today-Aggies Wire}}</ref> A ƙarshen babban lokacinsa a shekarar 2025 an ba shi suna Jihar California WR na Shekara kuma an zaba shi don yin wasa a cikin kwano na Navy All-American . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis |first=Mark |date=February 6, 2026 |title=All-State FB 2025: 1st Team Offense |url=https://www.calhisports.com/2026/02/06/all-state-fb-2025-1st-team-offense/ |website=CalHiSports.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 22, 2025 |title=Texas A&M Commit Madden Williams Honored as a 2026 Navy All-American |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/college-football/navy-all-american-bowl/news/texas-a-m-commit-madden-williams-honored-as-a-2026-navy-all-american |website=NBCsports.com}}</ref> Wani dan wasa mai taurari huɗu, Williams ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Texas A & M Aggies akan tayin daga makarantu kamar Ohio State, Oregon, Penn State da USC. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hastings |first=Joseph |date=October 21, 2025 |title=Texas A&M WR commit Madden Williams remains locked in |url=https://247sports.com/college/texas-am/article/texas-am-aggies-wr-commit-madden-williams-remains-locked-in-i-know-that-theres-no-other-place-that-i-want-to-be-257963221/ |website=GigEm247}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohnysty |first=Cameron |date=December 28, 2024 |title=Texas A&M has landed a commitment from 2026 4-star WR out of Bellflower (CA) |url=https://aggieswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/college/aggies/recruiting/2024/12/28/texas-aggies-football-2026-4-star-wr-madden-williams-committed-texas-aggies-recruiting/77293851007/ |website=USA Today-Aggies Wire}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://12thman.com/sports/football/roster/madden-williams/15398 Texas A&M Aggies bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2dmigkr1blyj0qp6e4abmi9fzaul3lp 827000 826999 2026-04-27T11:11:59Z Aluja 30485 827000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Madden Williams''' dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Texas A & M Aggies . == Rayuwa ta Farko == Williams ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta St. John Bosco a California inda ya kasance mai farawa na shekaru uku a kan varsity da kuma fita a cikin ƙungiyar kwando. A watan Yunin 2025, [[Adidas]] ta sanya hannu kan Williams zuwa daya daga cikin kamfanonin farko na makarantar sakandare na NIL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciano |first=Sydney |date=Jun 27, 2025 |title=Texas A&M Football Commit Madden Williams Signs Early NIL Endorsement Deal |url=https://athlonsports.com/college/texas-am-aggies/commit-madden-williams-signs-early-nil-endorsement-deal-adidas |website=Athlon Sports}}</ref> A lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare ya tara 133 receptions for 2157 yadudduka da 28 touchdowns.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="61" href="./MaxPreps" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="MaxPreps">MaxPreps.com/ca/bellflower/st-john-bosco-braves/athletes/madden-williams/football/stats/?careerid=hib75f7h73maa<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;website<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;MaxPreps.com<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;18 November 2025<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwYA\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt11\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwYQ\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.maxpreps.com/ca/bellflower/st-john-bosco-braves/athletes/madden-williams/football/stats/?careerid=hib75f7h73maa\" id=\"mwYg\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Madden Williams' St John Bosco football stats\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwYw\">MaxPreps.com</i></nowiki>. 18 November 2025.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-3" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Madden_Williams#cite_note-3 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Ya kasance sau uku All-Trinity league, All-CIF da All-State selection. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=John W. |date=September 10, 2025 |title=Notebook: St. John Bosco senior Madden Williams leads receivers to watch |url=https://www.presstelegram.com/2025/09/10/notebook-st-john-bosco-senior-madden-williams-leads-receivers-to-watch/ |website=Long Beach Press-Telegram}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madden Williams 2026 National Signing Day |url=https://12thman.com/sports/football/roster/madden-williams/15398 |website=12thman.com}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, an sanya masa suna zuwa ƙungiyar MaxPreps All-American a duka lokutan ƙarami da manyan lokutan sa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poff |first=Zack |date=January 7, 2025 |title=2024 MaxPreps High School Football Junior All-America Team |url=https://www.maxpreps.com/news/et4KZqkz1U-IPjT4gkcj7A/2024-maxpreps-high-school-football-junior-all-america-team.htm |website=MaxPreps.com}}</ref> Tare da karɓar girmamawar Rivals All-American.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohnysty |first=Cameron |date=August 12, 2025 |title=2026 4-star WR and Texas A&M commit named to Rivals 2026 All-America team |url=https://aggieswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/college/aggies/recruiting/2025/08/12/madden-williams-texas-aggies-2026-recruiting-class-rivals-2026-high-school-all-americans/85624988007/ |website=USA Today-Aggies Wire}}</ref> A ƙarshen babban lokacinsa a shekarar 2025 an ba shi suna Jihar California WR na Shekara kuma an zaba shi don yin wasa a cikin kwano na Navy All-American . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis |first=Mark |date=February 6, 2026 |title=All-State FB 2025: 1st Team Offense |url=https://www.calhisports.com/2026/02/06/all-state-fb-2025-1st-team-offense/ |website=CalHiSports.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 22, 2025 |title=Texas A&M Commit Madden Williams Honored as a 2026 Navy All-American |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/college-football/navy-all-american-bowl/news/texas-a-m-commit-madden-williams-honored-as-a-2026-navy-all-american |website=NBCsports.com}}</ref> Wani dan wasa mai taurari huɗu, Williams ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Texas A & M Aggies akan tayin daga makarantu kamar Ohio State, Oregon, Penn State da USC. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hastings |first=Joseph |date=October 21, 2025 |title=Texas A&M WR commit Madden Williams remains locked in |url=https://247sports.com/college/texas-am/article/texas-am-aggies-wr-commit-madden-williams-remains-locked-in-i-know-that-theres-no-other-place-that-i-want-to-be-257963221/ |website=GigEm247}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohnysty |first=Cameron |date=December 28, 2024 |title=Texas A&M has landed a commitment from 2026 4-star WR out of Bellflower (CA) |url=https://aggieswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/college/aggies/recruiting/2024/12/28/texas-aggies-football-2026-4-star-wr-madden-williams-committed-texas-aggies-recruiting/77293851007/ |website=USA Today-Aggies Wire}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://12thman.com/sports/football/roster/madden-williams/15398 Texas A&M Aggies bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5lzctwqbyfccwejeqa8zqxpba43mqj5 827001 827000 2026-04-27T11:13:37Z Aluja 30485 827001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Madden Williams''' dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Texas A & M Aggies . == Rayuwa ta Farko == Williams ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta St. John Bosco a California inda ya kasance mai farawa na shekaru uku a kan varsity da kuma fita a cikin ƙungiyar kwando. A watan Yunin 2025, [[Adidas]] ta sanya hannu kan Williams zuwa daya daga cikin kamfanonin farko na makarantar sakandare na NIL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciano |first=Sydney |date=Jun 27, 2025 |title=Texas A&M Football Commit Madden Williams Signs Early NIL Endorsement Deal |url=https://athlonsports.com/college/texas-am-aggies/commit-madden-williams-signs-early-nil-endorsement-deal-adidas |website=Athlon Sports}}</ref> A lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare ya tara 133 receptions for 2157 yadudduka da 28 touchdowns. Ya kasance sau uku All-Trinity league, All-CIF da All-State selection. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=John W. |date=September 10, 2025 |title=Notebook: St. John Bosco senior Madden Williams leads receivers to watch |url=https://www.presstelegram.com/2025/09/10/notebook-st-john-bosco-senior-madden-williams-leads-receivers-to-watch/ |website=Long Beach Press-Telegram}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madden Williams 2026 National Signing Day |url=https://12thman.com/sports/football/roster/madden-williams/15398 |website=12thman.com}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, an sanya masa suna zuwa ƙungiyar MaxPreps All-American a duka lokutan ƙarami da manyan lokutan sa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poff |first=Zack |date=January 7, 2025 |title=2024 MaxPreps High School Football Junior All-America Team |url=https://www.maxpreps.com/news/et4KZqkz1U-IPjT4gkcj7A/2024-maxpreps-high-school-football-junior-all-america-team.htm |website=MaxPreps.com}}</ref> Tare da karɓar girmamawar Rivals All-American.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohnysty |first=Cameron |date=August 12, 2025 |title=2026 4-star WR and Texas A&M commit named to Rivals 2026 All-America team |url=https://aggieswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/college/aggies/recruiting/2025/08/12/madden-williams-texas-aggies-2026-recruiting-class-rivals-2026-high-school-all-americans/85624988007/ |website=USA Today-Aggies Wire}}</ref> A ƙarshen babban lokacinsa a shekarar 2025 an ba shi suna Jihar California WR na Shekara kuma an zaba shi don yin wasa a cikin kwano na Navy All-American . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis |first=Mark |date=February 6, 2026 |title=All-State FB 2025: 1st Team Offense |url=https://www.calhisports.com/2026/02/06/all-state-fb-2025-1st-team-offense/ |website=CalHiSports.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 22, 2025 |title=Texas A&M Commit Madden Williams Honored as a 2026 Navy All-American |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/college-football/navy-all-american-bowl/news/texas-a-m-commit-madden-williams-honored-as-a-2026-navy-all-american |website=NBCsports.com}}</ref> Wani dan wasa mai taurari huɗu, Williams ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Texas A & M Aggies akan tayin daga makarantu kamar Ohio State, Oregon, Penn State da USC. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hastings |first=Joseph |date=October 21, 2025 |title=Texas A&M WR commit Madden Williams remains locked in |url=https://247sports.com/college/texas-am/article/texas-am-aggies-wr-commit-madden-williams-remains-locked-in-i-know-that-theres-no-other-place-that-i-want-to-be-257963221/ |website=GigEm247}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohnysty |first=Cameron |date=December 28, 2024 |title=Texas A&M has landed a commitment from 2026 4-star WR out of Bellflower (CA) |url=https://aggieswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/college/aggies/recruiting/2024/12/28/texas-aggies-football-2026-4-star-wr-madden-williams-committed-texas-aggies-recruiting/77293851007/ |website=USA Today-Aggies Wire}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://12thman.com/sports/football/roster/madden-williams/15398 Texas A&M Aggies bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fa96eg22su2ryxtxg4v5lgvrvvim39r 0 148618 827009 2026-04-27T11:18:40Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336100522|1929 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team]]" 827009 wikitext text/x-wiki Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wake Forest Demon Deacons ta 1929 ƙungiya ce ta [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka]] wacce ke wakiltar Kwalejin Wake Forest (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar Wake Forest) a lokacin kakar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji ta 1929. A kakar wasa ta farko a ƙarƙashin kocin Pat Miller, ƙungiyar ta tara rikodin 6-5-1.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1929 Wake Forest Demon Deacons Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/wake-forest/1929-schedule.html |access-date=December 24, 2015 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|September 21|||{{cfb link|year=1929|team=Catawba Indians|title=Catawba}}|Gore Field|[[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]]|W 20–0||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-index-journal-deacons-defeat-catawba/145288577/|work=The Index-Journal|title=Deacons defeat Catawba 20 to 0|date=September 22, 1929|accessdate=April 13, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|September 28||at|[[1929 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]]|[[Kenan Memorial Stadium]]|[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] ([[North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]])|L 0–48|10,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-north-carolina-whips/136400799/|work=The Greenville News|title=North Carolina whips Wake Forest Deacons by 48 to 0|date=September 29, 1929|accessdate=April 13, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 5|2:30 p.m.|at|[[1929 Richmond Spiders football team|Richmond]]|[[City Stadium (Richmond)|City Stadium]]|[[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]]|W 19–0|6,000|<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Officials Are Expected To Attend Battle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82958341/the-times-dispatch/ |newspaper=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]] |location=[[Richmond, Virginia]] |date=October 5, 1929 |page=9 |access-date=August 7, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Carter |first=Dick |title=Red-Blue Loses To Wake Forest By 19-0 Score |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82958341/the-times-dispatch/ |newspaper=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]] |location=[[Richmond, Virginia]] |date=October 6, 1929 |page=17 |access-date=August 7, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Carter |first=Dick |title=Red-Blue Loses To Wake Forest By 19-0 Score (continued) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82958457/the-times-dispatch/ |newspaper=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]] |location=[[Richmond, Virginia]] |date=October 6, 1929 |page=19 |access-date=August 7, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Robart |first1=Frank |title=Richmond-Wake Forest Football Highlights |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch/127315382/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |date=6 October 1929}}</ref>|October 11|||{{cfb link|year=1929|team=Elon Fightin' Christians|title=Elon}}|Gore Field|Wake Forest, NC|W 25–6||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-elon-christians/145288735/|work=The Asheville Citizen|title=Elon Christians are defeated by Wake Forest, 25–6|date=October 12, 1929|accessdate=April 13, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 17||at|[[1929 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]]|[[Riddick Stadium]]|[[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] ([[NC State–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]])|L 6-8||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102156864/melton-stars-as-wolfpack-wins/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=Melton stars as Wolfpack wins|date=October 18, 1929|accessdate=May 19, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 26||vs|[[1929 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]]|[[World War Memorial Stadium]]|[[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]]|W 6–0|5,000|<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Wildcats Lose By 6-0 Score |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77411199/the-greenville-news/ |newspaper=[[The Greenville News]] |location=[[Greenville, South Carolina]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=October 27, 1929 |page=D3 |access-date=May 10, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Wildcats Lose To Baptists In Big Upset (continued) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77411256/the-greenville-news/ |newspaper=[[The Greenville News]] |location=[[Greenville, South Carolina]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=October 27, 1929 |page=D4 |access-date=May 10, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>|November 2||at|[[1929 Furman Purple Hurricane football team|Furman]]|Manly Field|[[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville, SC]]|L 0–12|3,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109769901/furman-defeats-wake-forest-in-brawny-bat/|work=The Sunday Record|title=Furman defeats Wake Forest in brawny battle|date=November 3, 1929|accessdate=September 18, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 9||at|{{cfb link|year=1929|team=Wofford Terriers|title=Wofford}}|Snyder Field|[[Spartanburg, South Carolina|Spartanburg, SC]]|W 18–0||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-state-wofford-falls-before-deacons/145288924/|work=The State|title=Wofford falls before Deacon|date=November 10, 1929|accessdate=April 13, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 16||at|[[1929 Navy Midshipmen football team|Navy]]|[[Thompson Stadium]]|[[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis, MD]]|L 0–61||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-sun-wake-forest-proves-easy-p/145289083/|work=The Sunday Herald-Sun|title=Wake Forest proves easy pickings; Navy wins, 61–0|date=November 17, 1929|accessdate=April 13, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 19|2:30 p.m.||{{cfb link|year=1929|team=Presbyterian Blue Hose|title=Presbyterian}}|Gore Field|Wake Forest, NC|T 0–0||<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Presbyterian College Plays Deacons at Wake Forest Today |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77411256/the-greenville-news/ |newspaper=[[The News & Observer]] |location=[[Raleigh, North Carolina]] |date=November 19, 1929 |page=4 |access-date=May 10, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>|November 23||at|[[1929 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]]|[[Wallace Wade Stadium|Duke Stadium]]|[[Durham, North Carolina|Durham, NC]] ([[Tobacco Road (rivalry)#Football|rivalry]])|L 0–20|750|<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=750 See Duke Trample Wake Forest, 20-0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77411665/the-greenville-news/ |newspaper=[[The Greenville News]] |location=[[Greenville, South Carolina]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=November 24, 1929 |page=C3 |access-date=May 10, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>|November 28|3:00 p.m.|vs|[[1929 Mercer Bears football team|Mercer]]|[[Memorial Stadium (Asheville)|Memorial Stadium]]|[[Asheville, North Carolina|Asheville, NC]]|W 13–0||<ref>{{cite news |last=Jones |first=Paul |title=Wake Forest And Mercer Clash Today On Stadium Field |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77411767/asheville-citizen-times/ |newspaper=[[Asheville Citizen-Times]] |location=[[Asheville, North Carolina]] |date=November 28, 1929 |page=10 |access-date=May 10, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>|time=y|attend=y|source=y|timezone=Eastern}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} h9mzo0ze2xavk9twxlkulr7j93kxdj3 827013 827009 2026-04-27T11:19:21Z Aluja 30485 827013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wake Forest Demon Deacons ta 1929 ƙungiya ce ta [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka]] wacce ke wakiltar Kwalejin Wake Forest (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar Wake Forest) a lokacin kakar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji ta 1929. A kakar wasa ta farko a ƙarƙashin kocin Pat Miller, ƙungiyar ta tara rikodin 6-5-1.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1929 Wake Forest Demon Deacons Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/wake-forest/1929-schedule.html |access-date=December 24, 2015 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|September 21|||{{cfb link|year=1929|team=Catawba Indians|title=Catawba}}|Gore Field|[[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]]|W 20–0||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-index-journal-deacons-defeat-catawba/145288577/|work=The Index-Journal|title=Deacons defeat Catawba 20 to 0|date=September 22, 1929|accessdate=April 13, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|September 28||at|[[1929 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]]|[[Kenan Memorial Stadium]]|[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] ([[North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]])|L 0–48|10,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-north-carolina-whips/136400799/|work=The Greenville News|title=North Carolina whips Wake Forest Deacons by 48 to 0|date=September 29, 1929|accessdate=April 13, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 5|2:30 p.m.|at|[[1929 Richmond Spiders football team|Richmond]]|[[City Stadium (Richmond)|City Stadium]]|[[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]]|W 19–0|6,000|<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Officials Are Expected To Attend Battle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82958341/the-times-dispatch/ |newspaper=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]] |location=[[Richmond, Virginia]] |date=October 5, 1929 |page=9 |access-date=August 7, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Carter |first=Dick |title=Red-Blue Loses To Wake Forest By 19-0 Score |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82958341/the-times-dispatch/ |newspaper=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]] |location=[[Richmond, Virginia]] |date=October 6, 1929 |page=17 |access-date=August 7, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Carter |first=Dick |title=Red-Blue Loses To Wake Forest By 19-0 Score (continued) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82958457/the-times-dispatch/ |newspaper=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]] |location=[[Richmond, Virginia]] |date=October 6, 1929 |page=19 |access-date=August 7, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Robart |first1=Frank |title=Richmond-Wake Forest Football Highlights |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch/127315382/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |date=6 October 1929}}</ref>|October 11|||{{cfb link|year=1929|team=Elon Fightin' Christians|title=Elon}}|Gore Field|Wake Forest, NC|W 25–6||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-elon-christians/145288735/|work=The Asheville Citizen|title=Elon Christians are defeated by Wake Forest, 25–6|date=October 12, 1929|accessdate=April 13, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 17||at|[[1929 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]]|[[Riddick Stadium]]|[[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] ([[NC State–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]])|L 6-8||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102156864/melton-stars-as-wolfpack-wins/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=Melton stars as Wolfpack wins|date=October 18, 1929|accessdate=May 19, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 26||vs|[[1929 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]]|[[World War Memorial Stadium]]|[[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]]|W 6–0|5,000|<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Wildcats Lose By 6-0 Score |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77411199/the-greenville-news/ |newspaper=[[The Greenville News]] |location=[[Greenville, South Carolina]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=October 27, 1929 |page=D3 |access-date=May 10, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Wildcats Lose To Baptists In Big Upset (continued) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77411256/the-greenville-news/ |newspaper=[[The Greenville News]] |location=[[Greenville, South Carolina]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=October 27, 1929 |page=D4 |access-date=May 10, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>|November 2||at|[[1929 Furman Purple Hurricane football team|Furman]]|Manly Field|[[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville, SC]]|L 0–12|3,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109769901/furman-defeats-wake-forest-in-brawny-bat/|work=The Sunday Record|title=Furman defeats Wake Forest in brawny battle|date=November 3, 1929|accessdate=September 18, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 9||at|{{cfb link|year=1929|team=Wofford Terriers|title=Wofford}}|Snyder Field|[[Spartanburg, South Carolina|Spartanburg, SC]]|W 18–0||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-state-wofford-falls-before-deacons/145288924/|work=The State|title=Wofford falls before Deacon|date=November 10, 1929|accessdate=April 13, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 16||at|[[1929 Navy Midshipmen football team|Navy]]|[[Thompson Stadium]]|[[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis, MD]]|L 0–61||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-sun-wake-forest-proves-easy-p/145289083/|work=The Sunday Herald-Sun|title=Wake Forest proves easy pickings; Navy wins, 61–0|date=November 17, 1929|accessdate=April 13, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 19|2:30 p.m.||{{cfb link|year=1929|team=Presbyterian Blue Hose|title=Presbyterian}}|Gore Field|Wake Forest, NC|T 0–0||<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Presbyterian College Plays Deacons at Wake Forest Today |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77411256/the-greenville-news/ |newspaper=[[The News & Observer]] |location=[[Raleigh, North Carolina]] |date=November 19, 1929 |page=4 |access-date=May 10, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>|November 23||at|[[1929 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]]|[[Wallace Wade Stadium|Duke Stadium]]|[[Durham, North Carolina|Durham, NC]] ([[Tobacco Road (rivalry)#Football|rivalry]])|L 0–20|750|<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=750 See Duke Trample Wake Forest, 20-0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77411665/the-greenville-news/ |newspaper=[[The Greenville News]] |location=[[Greenville, South Carolina]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=November 24, 1929 |page=C3 |access-date=May 10, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>|November 28|3:00 p.m.|vs|[[1929 Mercer Bears football team|Mercer]]|[[Memorial Stadium (Asheville)|Memorial Stadium]]|[[Asheville, North Carolina|Asheville, NC]]|W 13–0||<ref>{{cite news |last=Jones |first=Paul |title=Wake Forest And Mercer Clash Today On Stadium Field |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77411767/asheville-citizen-times/ |newspaper=[[Asheville Citizen-Times]] |location=[[Asheville, North Carolina]] |date=November 28, 1929 |page=10 |access-date=May 10, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>|time=y|attend=y|source=y|timezone=Eastern}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 1nd0dbd847jlk6zm93y7godftwyzbc4 0 148619 827017 2026-04-27T11:25:11Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338114440|Marcus Storey]]" 827017 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri Marcus Lorenzo Storey''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1982) tsohon dan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ne na Amurka wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba. == Ayyuka == An haifi Storey a Birnin [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] . Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar North Carolina . Bayan an kira shi ACC Rookie of the Year a shekara ta 2001, an kira Storey zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta All-ACC a matsayin ƙarami da babba. Ya gama aikinsa tare da Tar Heels tare da kwallaye 39 da kuma taimakawa 19 a wasanni 106. Bayan kammala karatunsa, an tsara Storey a matsayi na 20 a cikin MLS SuperDraft na 2005 ta Columbus Crew . An sayar da shi zuwa Houston kafin kakar 2006. Koyaya, bayan ya kwashe kakar tare da Dynamo, an yanke shi a lokacin 2007 kafin kakar wasa, wani yunkuri don sanya jerin sunayen tawagar. A watan Janairun 2008 ya shiga TuS Heeslingen a Jamus, a cikin Oberliga (ƙungiya ta huɗu), ya bar kulob din a watan Yunin 2008 kuma ya shiga SV Wilhelmshaven a cikin sabon (ƙungiyar ta uku) kuma a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2009, ya bar Wilhelmshaven don sanya hannu ga SV Drochtersen / Assel . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Marcus Storeya WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] nbsxf3n9ux4btcj9ytus8r1b73qoplz 827019 827017 2026-04-27T11:25:45Z Aluja 30485 827019 wikitext text/x-wiki Marcus Lorenzo Storey''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1982) tsohon dan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ne na Amurka wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba. == Ayyuka == An haifi Storey a Birnin [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] . Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar North Carolina . Bayan an kira shi ACC Rookie of the Year a shekara ta 2001, an kira Storey zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta All-ACC a matsayin ƙarami da babba. Ya gama aikinsa tare da Tar Heels tare da kwallaye 39 da kuma taimakawa 19 a wasanni 106. Bayan kammala karatunsa, an tsara Storey a matsayi na 20 a cikin MLS SuperDraft na 2005 ta Columbus Crew . An sayar da shi zuwa Houston kafin kakar 2006. Koyaya, bayan ya kwashe kakar tare da Dynamo, an yanke shi a lokacin 2007 kafin kakar wasa, wani yunkuri don sanya jerin sunayen tawagar. A watan Janairun 2008 ya shiga TuS Heeslingen a Jamus, a cikin Oberliga (ƙungiya ta huɗu), ya bar kulob din a watan Yunin 2008 kuma ya shiga SV Wilhelmshaven a cikin sabon (ƙungiyar ta uku) kuma a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2009, ya bar Wilhelmshaven don sanya hannu ga SV Drochtersen / Assel . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Marcus Storeya WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] rn6bj0h8kne2ttz1kk6ysfis60byvup 827025 827019 2026-04-27T11:26:44Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyuka */ 827025 wikitext text/x-wiki Marcus Lorenzo Storey''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1982) tsohon dan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ne na Amurka wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba. == Ayyuka == An haifi Storey a Birnin [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] . Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar North Carolina . Bayan an kira shi ACC Rookie of the Year a shekara ta 2001, an kira Storey zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta All-ACC a matsayin ƙarami da babba. Ya gama aikinsa tare da Tar Heels tare da kwallaye 39 da kuma taimakawa 19 a wasanni 106.<ref>[http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html Marcus Storey - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICIAL ATHLETIC SITE - Men's Soccer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227081806/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html |date=2010-02-27 }}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, an tsara Storey a matsayi na 20 a cikin MLS SuperDraft na 2005 ta Columbus Crew . An sayar da shi zuwa Houston kafin kakar 2006. Koyaya, bayan ya kwashe kakar tare da Dynamo, an yanke shi a lokacin 2007 kafin kakar wasa, wani yunkuri don sanya jerin sunayen tawagar. A watan Janairun 2008 ya shiga TuS Heeslingen a Jamus, a cikin Oberliga (ƙungiya ta huɗu), ya bar kulob din a watan Yunin 2008 kuma ya shiga SV Wilhelmshaven a cikin sabon (ƙungiyar ta uku) kuma a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2009, ya bar Wilhelmshaven don sanya hannu ga SV Drochtersen / Assel . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Marcus Storeya WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] qh1ff8ar3177aa4kpe8ue2un2ewtsyj 827032 827025 2026-04-27T11:28:26Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyuka */ 827032 wikitext text/x-wiki Marcus Lorenzo Storey''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1982) tsohon dan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ne na Amurka wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba. == Ayyuka == An haifi Storey a Birnin [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] . Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar North Carolina . Bayan an kira shi ACC Rookie of the Year a shekara ta 2001, an kira Storey zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta All-ACC a matsayin ƙarami da babba. Ya gama aikinsa tare da Tar Heels tare da kwallaye 39 da kuma taimakawa 19 a wasanni 106.<ref>[http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html Marcus Storey - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICIAL ATHLETIC SITE - Men's Soccer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227081806/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html |date=2010-02-27 }}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, an tsara Storey a matsayi na 20 a cikin MLS SuperDraft na 2005 ta Columbus Crew .<ref>[http://www.mlsnet.com/players/bio.jsp?team=t200&player=storey_m&playerId=sto571916&statType=current Houston Dynamo: Roster - Player Bio = Marcus Storey] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517035924/http://www.mlsnet.com/players/bio.jsp?team=t200&player=storey_m&playerId=sto571916&statType=current |date=2007-05-17 }}</ref> An sayar da shi zuwa Houston kafin kakar 2006. Koyaya, bayan ya kwashe kakar tare da Dynamo, an yanke shi a lokacin 2007 kafin kakar wasa, wani yunkuri don sanya jerin sunayen tawagar. A watan Janairun 2008 ya shiga TuS Heeslingen a Jamus, a cikin Oberliga (ƙungiya ta huɗu), ya bar kulob din a watan Yunin 2008 kuma ya shiga SV Wilhelmshaven a cikin sabon (ƙungiyar ta uku) kuma a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2009, ya bar Wilhelmshaven don sanya hannu ga SV Drochtersen / Assel . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Marcus Storeya WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 16z7p6hwzvsxt3qz9bcx2tfc7vkqjd8 827057 827032 2026-04-27T11:35:52Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyuka */ 827057 wikitext text/x-wiki Marcus Lorenzo Storey''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1982) tsohon dan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ne na Amurka wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba. == Ayyuka == An haifi Storey a Birnin [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] . Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar North Carolina . Bayan an kira shi ACC Rookie of the Year a shekara ta 2001, an kira Storey zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta All-ACC a matsayin ƙarami da babba. Ya gama aikinsa tare da Tar Heels tare da kwallaye 39 da kuma taimakawa 19 a wasanni 106.<ref>[http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html Marcus Storey - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICIAL ATHLETIC SITE - Men's Soccer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227081806/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html |date=2010-02-27 }}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, an tsara Storey a matsayi na 20 a cikin MLS SuperDraft na 2005 ta Columbus Crew .<ref>[http://www.mlsnet.com/players/bio.jsp?team=t200&player=storey_m&playerId=sto571916&statType=current Houston Dynamo: Roster - Player Bio = Marcus Storey] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517035924/http://www.mlsnet.com/players/bio.jsp?team=t200&player=storey_m&playerId=sto571916&statType=current |date=2007-05-17 }}</ref> An sayar da shi zuwa Houston kafin kakar 2006.<ref>[http://www.c-sportsmanagement.com/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showPlayer&p=1&pid=1&Itemid=68 Spielerinformationen - Marcus Storey: C - Sportsmanagment] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708110209/http://www.c-sportsmanagement.com/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showPlayer&p=1&pid=1&Itemid=68 |date=2011-07-08 }}</ref> Koyaya, bayan ya kwashe kakar tare da Dynamo, an yanke shi a lokacin 2007 kafin kakar wasa, wani yunkuri don sanya jerin sunayen tawagar. A watan Janairun 2008 ya shiga TuS Heeslingen a Jamus, a cikin Oberliga (ƙungiya ta huɗu), ya bar kulob din a watan Yunin 2008 kuma ya shiga SV Wilhelmshaven a cikin sabon (ƙungiyar ta uku) kuma a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2009, ya bar Wilhelmshaven don sanya hannu ga SV Drochtersen / Assel . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Marcus Storeya WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] rmo2tp5u6wshkn03p63oni56o692oku 827060 827057 2026-04-27T11:36:59Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyuka */ 827060 wikitext text/x-wiki Marcus Lorenzo Storey''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1982) tsohon dan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ne na Amurka wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba. == Ayyuka == An haifi Storey a Birnin [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] . Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar North Carolina . Bayan an kira shi ACC Rookie of the Year a shekara ta 2001, an kira Storey zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta All-ACC a matsayin ƙarami da babba. Ya gama aikinsa tare da Tar Heels tare da kwallaye 39 da kuma taimakawa 19 a wasanni 106.<ref>[http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html Marcus Storey - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICIAL ATHLETIC SITE - Men's Soccer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227081806/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html |date=2010-02-27 }}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, an tsara Storey a matsayi na 20 a cikin MLS SuperDraft na 2005 ta Columbus Crew .<ref>[http://www.mlsnet.com/players/bio.jsp?team=t200&player=storey_m&playerId=sto571916&statType=current Houston Dynamo: Roster - Player Bio = Marcus Storey] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517035924/http://www.mlsnet.com/players/bio.jsp?team=t200&player=storey_m&playerId=sto571916&statType=current |date=2007-05-17 }}</ref> An sayar da shi zuwa Houston kafin kakar 2006.<ref>[http://www.c-sportsmanagement.com/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showPlayer&p=1&pid=1&Itemid=68 Spielerinformationen - Marcus Storey: C - Sportsmanagment] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708110209/http://www.c-sportsmanagement.com/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showPlayer&p=1&pid=1&Itemid=68 |date=2011-07-08 }}</ref> Koyaya, bayan ya kwashe kakar tare da Dynamo, an yanke shi a lokacin 2007 kafin kakar wasa, wani yunkuri don sanya jerin sunayen tawagar.<ref>[https://soccer-source.blogspot.com/2007/12/marcus-storey-finally-set-to-join.html Soccer Source: Marcus Storey Finally Set To Join German Team]</ref> A watan Janairun 2008 ya shiga TuS Heeslingen a Jamus, a cikin Oberliga (ƙungiya ta huɗu), ya bar kulob din a watan Yunin 2008 kuma ya shiga SV Wilhelmshaven a cikin sabon (ƙungiyar ta uku) kuma a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2009, ya bar Wilhelmshaven don sanya hannu ga SV Drochtersen / Assel . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Marcus Storeya WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] g09jx5m5n91oydf8haaf6pmdp51jair 827063 827060 2026-04-27T11:38:07Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyuka */ 827063 wikitext text/x-wiki Marcus Lorenzo Storey''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1982) tsohon dan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ne na Amurka wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba. == Ayyuka == An haifi Storey a Birnin [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] . Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar North Carolina . Bayan an kira shi ACC Rookie of the Year a shekara ta 2001, an kira Storey zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta All-ACC a matsayin ƙarami da babba. Ya gama aikinsa tare da Tar Heels tare da kwallaye 39 da kuma taimakawa 19 a wasanni 106.<ref>[http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html Marcus Storey - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICIAL ATHLETIC SITE - Men's Soccer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227081806/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html |date=2010-02-27 }}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, an tsara Storey a matsayi na 20 a cikin MLS SuperDraft na 2005 ta Columbus Crew .<ref>[http://www.mlsnet.com/players/bio.jsp?team=t200&player=storey_m&playerId=sto571916&statType=current Houston Dynamo: Roster - Player Bio = Marcus Storey] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517035924/http://www.mlsnet.com/players/bio.jsp?team=t200&player=storey_m&playerId=sto571916&statType=current |date=2007-05-17 }}</ref> An sayar da shi zuwa Houston kafin kakar 2006.<ref>[http://www.c-sportsmanagement.com/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showPlayer&p=1&pid=1&Itemid=68 Spielerinformationen - Marcus Storey: C - Sportsmanagment] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708110209/http://www.c-sportsmanagement.com/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showPlayer&p=1&pid=1&Itemid=68 |date=2011-07-08 }}</ref> Koyaya, bayan ya kwashe kakar tare da Dynamo, an yanke shi a lokacin 2007 kafin kakar wasa, wani yunkuri don sanya jerin sunayen tawagar.<ref>[https://soccer-source.blogspot.com/2007/12/marcus-storey-finally-set-to-join.html Soccer Source: Marcus Storey Finally Set To Join German Team]</ref> A watan Janairun 2008 ya shiga TuS Heeslingen a Jamus, a cikin Oberliga (ƙungiya ta huɗu), <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121009171723/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/regionalliga/rlnord/regionalliga-nord/2008-09/sv-wilhelmshaven-51/50675/spieler_marcus-storey.html Marcus Storey - SV Drochtersen/Assel - Kicker.de]</ref> ya bar kulob din a watan Yunin 2008 kuma ya shiga SV Wilhelmshaven a cikin sabon (ƙungiyar ta uku) kuma a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2009, ya bar Wilhelmshaven don sanya hannu ga SV Drochtersen / Assel . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Marcus Storeya WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] m95q8uwf9d6pe3q7n5onfcaw6s7fvt4 827065 827063 2026-04-27T11:39:11Z Aluja 30485 827065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Marcus Lorenzo Storey''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1982) tsohon dan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ne na Amurka wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba. == Ayyuka == An haifi Storey a Birnin [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] . Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar North Carolina . Bayan an kira shi ACC Rookie of the Year a shekara ta 2001, an kira Storey zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta All-ACC a matsayin ƙarami da babba. Ya gama aikinsa tare da Tar Heels tare da kwallaye 39 da kuma taimakawa 19 a wasanni 106.<ref>[http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html Marcus Storey - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICIAL ATHLETIC SITE - Men's Soccer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227081806/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html |date=2010-02-27 }}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, an tsara Storey a matsayi na 20 a cikin MLS SuperDraft na 2005 ta Columbus Crew .<ref>[http://www.mlsnet.com/players/bio.jsp?team=t200&player=storey_m&playerId=sto571916&statType=current Houston Dynamo: Roster - Player Bio = Marcus Storey] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517035924/http://www.mlsnet.com/players/bio.jsp?team=t200&player=storey_m&playerId=sto571916&statType=current |date=2007-05-17 }}</ref> An sayar da shi zuwa Houston kafin kakar 2006.<ref>[http://www.c-sportsmanagement.com/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showPlayer&p=1&pid=1&Itemid=68 Spielerinformationen - Marcus Storey: C - Sportsmanagment] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708110209/http://www.c-sportsmanagement.com/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showPlayer&p=1&pid=1&Itemid=68 |date=2011-07-08 }}</ref> Koyaya, bayan ya kwashe kakar tare da Dynamo, an yanke shi a lokacin 2007 kafin kakar wasa, wani yunkuri don sanya jerin sunayen tawagar.<ref>[https://soccer-source.blogspot.com/2007/12/marcus-storey-finally-set-to-join.html Soccer Source: Marcus Storey Finally Set To Join German Team]</ref> A watan Janairun 2008 ya shiga TuS Heeslingen a Jamus, a cikin Oberliga (ƙungiya ta huɗu), <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121009171723/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/regionalliga/rlnord/regionalliga-nord/2008-09/sv-wilhelmshaven-51/50675/spieler_marcus-storey.html Marcus Storey - SV Drochtersen/Assel - Kicker.de]</ref> ya bar kulob din a watan Yunin 2008 kuma ya shiga SV Wilhelmshaven a cikin sabon (ƙungiyar ta uku) kuma a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2009, ya bar Wilhelmshaven don sanya hannu ga SV Drochtersen / Assel . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Marcus Storeya WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ayrmh8z3e1r7x1ytf830ts4akyyeyx1 827066 827065 2026-04-27T11:40:36Z Aluja 30485 827066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|2}} '''Marcus Lorenzo Storey''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1982) tsohon dan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ne na Amurka wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba. == Ayyuka == An haifi Storey a Birnin [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] . Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar North Carolina . Bayan an kira shi ACC Rookie of the Year a shekara ta 2001, an kira Storey zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta All-ACC a matsayin ƙarami da babba. Ya gama aikinsa tare da Tar Heels tare da kwallaye 39 da kuma taimakawa 19 a wasanni 106.<ref>[http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html Marcus Storey - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICIAL ATHLETIC SITE - Men's Soccer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227081806/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html |date=2010-02-27 }}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, an tsara Storey a matsayi na 20 a cikin MLS SuperDraft na 2005 ta Columbus Crew .<ref>[http://www.mlsnet.com/players/bio.jsp?team=t200&player=storey_m&playerId=sto571916&statType=current Houston Dynamo: Roster - Player Bio = Marcus Storey] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517035924/http://www.mlsnet.com/players/bio.jsp?team=t200&player=storey_m&playerId=sto571916&statType=current |date=2007-05-17 }}</ref> An sayar da shi zuwa Houston kafin kakar 2006.<ref>[http://www.c-sportsmanagement.com/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showPlayer&p=1&pid=1&Itemid=68 Spielerinformationen - Marcus Storey: C - Sportsmanagment] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708110209/http://www.c-sportsmanagement.com/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showPlayer&p=1&pid=1&Itemid=68 |date=2011-07-08 }}</ref> Koyaya, bayan ya kwashe kakar tare da Dynamo, an yanke shi a lokacin 2007 kafin kakar wasa, wani yunkuri don sanya jerin sunayen tawagar.<ref>[https://soccer-source.blogspot.com/2007/12/marcus-storey-finally-set-to-join.html Soccer Source: Marcus Storey Finally Set To Join German Team]</ref> A watan Janairun 2008 ya shiga TuS Heeslingen a Jamus, a cikin Oberliga (ƙungiya ta huɗu), <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121009171723/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/regionalliga/rlnord/regionalliga-nord/2008-09/sv-wilhelmshaven-51/50675/spieler_marcus-storey.html Marcus Storey - SV Drochtersen/Assel - Kicker.de]</ref> ya bar kulob din a watan Yunin 2008 kuma ya shiga SV Wilhelmshaven a cikin sabon (ƙungiyar ta uku) kuma a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2009, ya bar Wilhelmshaven don sanya hannu ga SV Drochtersen / Assel . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Marcus Storeya WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7309564ql7qnpvhuua5zsqcijznz0q7 827068 827066 2026-04-27T11:41:23Z Aluja 30485 827068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|2}} '''Marcus Lorenzo Storey''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1982) tsohon ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ne na Amurka wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba. == Ayyuka == An haifi Storey a Birnin [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] . Ya buga wasan Ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar North Carolina . Bayan an kira shi ACC Rookie of the Year a shekara ta 2001, an kira Storey zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta All-ACC a matsayin ƙarami da babba. Ya gama aikinsa tare da Tar Heels tare da kwallaye 39 da kuma taimakawa 19 a wasanni 106.<ref>[http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html Marcus Storey - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICIAL ATHLETIC SITE - Men's Soccer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227081806/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/storey_marcus00.html |date=2010-02-27 }}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, an tsara Storey a matsayi na 20 a cikin MLS SuperDraft na 2005 ta Columbus Crew .<ref>[http://www.mlsnet.com/players/bio.jsp?team=t200&player=storey_m&playerId=sto571916&statType=current Houston Dynamo: Roster - Player Bio = Marcus Storey] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517035924/http://www.mlsnet.com/players/bio.jsp?team=t200&player=storey_m&playerId=sto571916&statType=current |date=2007-05-17 }}</ref> An sayar da shi zuwa Houston kafin kakar 2006.<ref>[http://www.c-sportsmanagement.com/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showPlayer&p=1&pid=1&Itemid=68 Spielerinformationen - Marcus Storey: C - Sportsmanagment] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708110209/http://www.c-sportsmanagement.com/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showPlayer&p=1&pid=1&Itemid=68 |date=2011-07-08 }}</ref> Koyaya, bayan ya kwashe kakar tare da Dynamo, an yanke shi a lokacin 2007 kafin kakar wasa, wani yunkuri don sanya jerin sunayen tawagar.<ref>[https://soccer-source.blogspot.com/2007/12/marcus-storey-finally-set-to-join.html Soccer Source: Marcus Storey Finally Set To Join German Team]</ref> A watan Janairun 2008 ya shiga TuS Heeslingen a Jamus, a cikin Oberliga (ƙungiya ta huɗu), <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121009171723/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/regionalliga/rlnord/regionalliga-nord/2008-09/sv-wilhelmshaven-51/50675/spieler_marcus-storey.html Marcus Storey - SV Drochtersen/Assel - Kicker.de]</ref> ya bar kulob din a watan Yunin 2008 kuma ya shiga SV Wilhelmshaven a cikin sabon (ƙungiyar ta uku) kuma a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2009, ya bar Wilhelmshaven don sanya hannu ga SV Drochtersen / Assel . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Marcus Storeya WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 4pbtb2j0qje2mi20ibaczoptxk0s7rg